Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure is characterized by comprising: a reception unit that monitors a first synchronization signal block (SSB) in a first carrier common to a plurality of terminals; and a control unit that determines at least one of the type, frequency resource, and time resource of a second SSB on the basis of specific information indicated by the first SSB. According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a network that is simple to operate and a network that is scalable can be achieved.

Description

Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

[0001] This disclosure relates to terminals, wireless communication methods, and base stations in next-generation mobile communication systems.

[0002] In the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network, Long Term Evolution (LTE) was specified with the aim of achieving even higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Literature 1). Furthermore, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) was specified with the aim of further increasing the capacity and sophistication of LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP®) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (for example, 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 and later) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010

[0005] Future wireless communication systems (e.g., 6G) are being considered to support different device categories (user terminals, User Equipment (UE)). For example, support for enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) UE, Internet of Things (IoT) UE, and low-capability UE is being considered.

[0006] A unified framework for different device categories is useful for realizing easily-operational networks and extensible networks.

[0007] In existing systems (e.g., NR), Reduced UE capability (RedCap) is defined for low-capacity UEs. For example, RedCap in Rel. 18 specifies that the data channel bandwidth is smaller / narrower than a certain bandwidth (e.g., 5 MHz).

[0008] On the other hand, in existing systems, some signals (e.g., synchronization signal blocks (SSB) / system information blocks (SIB)) are common to both RedCap UEs and non-RedCap UEs. Therefore, there are cases where a RedCap UE needs to receive signals with a bandwidth larger than or wider than the specific bandwidth mentioned above.

[0009] Given that such cases exist in existing systems, future wireless communication systems are being considered to use signals with smaller / narrower bandwidths than existing systems (hereinafter also referred to as narrowband (NB) signals).

[0010] For example, for cell searches of low-capacity UEs, the use of SSB / SIB (hereinafter also referred to as NB SSB / NB SIB) with smaller / narrower bandwidth than existing systems is being considered.

[0011] Thus, the coexistence of low-capacity UEs and normal UEs is being considered for future wireless communication systems.

[0012] In future wireless communication systems, the use of signals with a wider bandwidth than NB signals (hereinafter also referred to as wideband (WB) signals) is also being considered.

[0013] If both NB and WB signals are used in future wireless communication systems, it is considered necessary to instruct the UE (User Environment) regarding information about at least one of the NB and WB signals.

[0014] However, instructions regarding such information have not been adequately considered. If this consideration is insufficient, it may not be possible to properly perform communication using NB signals and WB signals, and thus it may not be possible to achieve a simple and scalable network.

[0015] Therefore, one of the objectives of this disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that can realize a network that is easy to operate and a network that is scalable.

[0016] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure is characterized by comprising: a receiving unit that monitors a first synchronization signal block (SSB) in a first carrier common to multiple terminals; and a control unit that determines at least one of the type of second SSB, frequency resources, and time resources based on specific information indicated by the first SSB.

[0017] According to one aspect of this disclosure, it is possible to realize a network that is easy to operate and a network that is scalable.

[0018] Figure 1 shows an example of an SSB configuration in an existing system. Figures 2A and 2B show an overview of MIMO. Figure 3A shows an overview of a cellular system. Figure 3B shows an overview of a cell-free system. Figure 4A shows an example of an overview of assumption 1 of a cell-free configuration. Figure 4B shows an example of an overview of assumption 2 of a cell-free configuration. Figure 4C shows another example of an overview of assumption 2 of a cell-free configuration. Figure 5 shows an example of a carrier design in a future wireless communication system. Figure 6A shows an example of UE movement in Rel. 17. Figure 6B shows an example of UE movement in Rel. 18. Figure 7 shows an example of a time offset between a monitor signal and a target signal. Figure 8 shows an example of a time offset between a monitor signal and a target signal. Figure 9 shows an example of a time offset between a monitor signal and a target signal. Figure 10 shows an example of settings according to Embodiment 2.1. Figure 11 shows an example of settings according to Embodiment 2.1. Figure 12 shows an example of settings according to Embodiment 2.1. Figure 13 is a diagram showing an example of the settings according to Embodiment 2.2. Figure 14 is a diagram showing an example of the schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. Figure 15 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment. Figure 16 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. Figure 17 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. Figure 18 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment.

[0019] (RedCap) Existing systems (e.g., 3GPP Rel. 17 and later) support the use of communication systems introduced in 3GPP Rel. 15 for IoT and other use cases. Supported IoT use cases in existing systems include, for example, industrial wireless sensor networks (IWSN), video surveillance systems, wearable devices, and conventional IoT use cases using LTE terminals (e.g., smart homes, smart water, electric meters, smart signals, etc.).

[0020] The requirements or capabilities (e.g., UE capabilities or requirements) for terminals applied to these use cases are reduced compared to the requirements or capabilities for UEs defined or supported in Rel. 15 (e.g., also called conventional UEs or Non-RedCap UEs). UEs in existing systems whose terminal requirements or capabilities are reduced compared to conventional UEs may be referred to as existing RedCap UEs, conventional RedCap UEs, 5G NR RedCap UEs, etc.

[0021] Existing RedCap UEs have a smaller or narrower bandwidth (bandwidth reduction) used for communication compared to standard UEs.

[0022] In Rel. 15, the UE is typically required to support a predetermined bandwidth depending on the frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range (FR) 1, FR2). The bandwidth that the UE needs to support may be called the maximum bandwidth.

[0023] For example, in the first frequency range (FR1), the UE typically needs to support a maximum bandwidth of 100 MHz. Also, in the second frequency range (FR2), the UE typically needs to support a maximum bandwidth of 200 MHz.

[0024] On the other hand, the bandwidth supported by existing RedCap UEs (e.g., mandatory bandwidth) is typically set to be narrower than the bandwidth supported by UEs.

[0025] For example, in the first frequency range (FR1), the existing RedCap UE needs to support a maximum bandwidth of 20 MHz. Also, in the second frequency range (FR2), the existing RedCap UE needs to support a maximum bandwidth of 100 MHz.

[0026] (Initial Access) In existing systems (e.g., 5G NR), a Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) is defined, which is a signal used by the UE to synchronize time and frequency with the base station.

[0027] An SSB is a signal block that includes at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), and a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH). An SSB may also be called an SS / PBCH block.

[0028] Figure 1 shows an example of an SSB configuration in an existing system. The SSB shown in Figure 1 is arranged across four symbols. The PSS occupies one symbol (symbol #0) and 127 subcarriers (subcarriers #56 to #182), and the SSS occupies one symbol (symbol #2) and 127 subcarriers (subcarriers #56 to #182). The PBCH is arranged across three symbols (symbols #1 to #3) and 240 subcarriers (subcarriers #0 to #239), but in one symbol (symbol #2), unused portion for the SSS (subcarriers #56 to #182) is left. In symbol #2, there may be a portion between the SSS and the PBCH where neither the SSS nor the PBCH is arranged.

[0029] In the initial access procedure, the UE (RRC_IDLE mode) performs reception of the SS / PBCH block (SSB), transmission of Msg. 1 (PRACH / random access preamble / preamble), reception of Msg. 2 (PDCCH, PDSCH including random access response (RAR)), transmission of Msg. 3 (PUSCH scheduled by the RAR UL grant), and reception of Msg. 4 (PDCCH, PDSCH including UE contention resolution identity). Thereafter, when an ACK for Msg. 4 is transmitted from the UE by the base station (network), the RRC connection is established (RRC_CONNECTED mode).

[0030] The reception of the SSB includes PSS detection, SSS detection, PBCH-DMRS detection, and PBCH reception. PSS detection performs detection of a part of the physical cell ID (PCI), detection (synchronization) of the OFDM symbol timing, and (coarse) frequency synchronization. SSS detection includes detection of the physical cell ID. PBCH-DMRS detection includes detection of a part of the SSB index within a half radio frame (5 ms). PBCH reception includes detection of the system frame number (SFN) and radio frame timing (SSB index), reception of the configuration information for receiving the remaining minimum system information (RMSI, SIB1), and recognition of whether the UE can camp on its cell (carrier).

[0031] The SSB has a bandwidth of 20 RBs and a time of 4 symbols. The transmission period of the SSB can be set from {5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160} ms. In a half frame, multiple symbol positions of the SSB are defined based on the frequency range (FR1, FR2).

[0032] The PBCH has a payload of 56 bits. N repetitions of the PBCH are transmitted within a period of 80 ms. N depends on the SSB transmission period.

[0033] System information consists of the MIB carried by PBCH, RMSI (SIB1), and other system information (OSI). SIB1 includes RACH settings and information for performing the RACH procedure. The time / frequency resource relationship between the SSB and the PDCCH monitoring resource for SIB1 is set by PBCH.

[0034] The base station using beam correspondence transmits a plurality of SSBs using a plurality of beams for each SSB transmission period. The plurality of SSBs each have a plurality of SSB indexes. The UE that detects one SSB transmits the PRACH in the RACH occasion associated with the SSB index and receives the RAR in the RAR window.

[0035] The frequency at which the UE searches for PSS / SSS may be called a synchronization raster.

[0036] In 5G NR, the center frequency of the SSB is located on the synchronization raster.

[0037] The synchronization raster is defined for each frequency range (FR1 / FR2).

[0038] The wider the frequency interval of the synchronization raster (the fewer the number of synchronization rasters), the shorter the search time and the lower the load in the initial access.

[0039] The candidate frequency positions where the component carrier (CC) is arranged are called the channel raster.

[0040] The interval of the synchronization raster is determined to satisfy specific conditions. Specifically, the interval of the synchronization raster is determined such that at least one synchronization raster exists where the bandwidth of the SSB within the synchronization raster is included in the CBW, assuming that the CC is arranged with the minimum channel bandwidth (channel bandwidth (CBW)) in any channel raster.

[0041] If the UE fails to receive SSB data on a specific synchronization raster within a specified period, it will attempt to receive SSB data on another synchronization raster. The length of this period depends on the UE implementation.

[0042] During initial access, the order in which the UE searches for synchronized rasters depends on the UE implementation. For efficient searching, a Global Synchronization Channel Number (GSCN) is defined, and the GSCN offset / GSCN range is notified to the UE.

[0043] Except during the initial access, the search frequencies for PSS / SSS are instructed to the UE by the network (NW, e.g., base station).

[0044] For example, when instructed to perform RSRP / RSRQ / SINR measurements on surrounding cells, the UE specifies the SSB frequency using the higher-level parameter "MeasObjectNR".

[0045] For example, if instructed to add a serving cell, the UE is given the SSB frequency using the higher-level parameter "FrequencyInfoDL".

[0046] For example, UE (RRC_IDLE mode) is specified using SIB4 (InterFreqCarrierFreqInfo) to indicate the SSB frequency.

[0047] (Cell-free) Existing wireless communication systems (e.g., 5G NR) employ a cellular system in which, in principle, one antenna / transmit / receive point (TRP) forms one cell. The area formed by such a cell is a fixed / static area.

[0048] Furthermore, existing wireless communication systems (e.g., Rel. 16 and later) have introduced Distributed Multi Input Multi Output (Distributed MIMO, e.g., multi-TRP using multiple TRPs) which forms a communication area by the coverage of multiple antennas / TRPs. Distributed MIMO allows for simultaneous communication using multiple antennas / TRPs, as well as communication using a single antenna / TRP.

[0049] By adopting distributed MIMO, a more favorable line-of-sight environment can be established, and MIMO performance can be improved.

[0050] Figures 2A and 2B are diagrams illustrating the overview of MIMO. Figure 2A shows an example of Co-located MIMO. In Co-located MIMO, one UE communicates with one antenna / TRP.

[0051] On the other hand, Figure 2B shows an example of distributed MIMO. In distributed MIMO, one UE communicates with multiple coordinated antennas / TRPs.

[0052] In future wireless communication systems (e.g., Rel. 20 and beyond), the introduction of self-free communication is being considered with the aim of further improving performance and energy efficiency through reducing interference between multiple antennas / TRPs, creating a line-of-sight environment that supports the use of high frequencies, improving the overall frequency utilization efficiency of the system, and applying equal and high-quality communication to each user.

[0053] Selfly may also be called selfly massive MIMO (mMIMO) or large-scale distributed MIMO (D-MIMO). Selfly uses coherent coordination of a large number of access points. Selfly may include at least one of the following: ultra-dense deployment, scalable cooperation, user-centric clustering, supercarrier aggregation, or analog fronthaul. The user plane for selfly may provide more flexible scheduling than existing scheduling. The control plane for selfly may retain several forms of cells to facilitate signaling.

[0054] In cell-free systems, unlike conventional cellular systems, a single area (which may also be called a cell or subcell) may be formed by multiple antennas / TRPs. In other words, this area may mean a cell that is independent of the position of the antennas / TRPs.

[0055] In self-free systems, the set of antennas / TRPs used for area formation may be changed according to the needs of the user audience (UE). For example, the set of antennas / TRPs may be changed based on factors other than antenna / TRP coverage, such as the number of UEs, traffic volume, or communication purpose (e.g., initial access, data communication, measurement, reporting, etc.).

[0056] In other words, in a self-free setup, coverage between multiple antennas / TRPs may overlap.

[0057] In a cell-free configuration, the direction in which each antenna / TRP transmits a synchronization signal (which may be called, for example, a synchronization signal block (SSB), a synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) block, etc.) may be controlled.

[0058] Furthermore, in a self-free system, the central unit (CU) and distributed unit (DU) may be virtualized for each antenna. Alternatively, each antenna may be managed by the CU alone.

[0059] Figure 3A is a diagram illustrating the overview of the cellular system. Figure 3A shows the cells formed by each antenna / TRP, and the UE communicates based on these cells.

[0060] On the other hand, Figure 3B shows an overview of a cell-free system. In the example shown in Figure 3B, the installed antennas / TRPs do not form fixed / static cells in the cellular system. As shown in Figure 3B, in a cell-free system, one or more antennas / TRPs form areas depending on the conditions. Therefore, in a cell-free system, each antenna / TRP does not have to correspond to the same physical cell ID, and areas between multiple antennas / TRPs may overlap.

[0061] Self-reliance may be achieved, for example, by adjusting a set of antennas / TRPs controlled by a central control unit (e.g., a CU).

[0062] In a cell-free system, a first cell (which may be called, for example, a cell / supercell / macrocell / large cell) with a fixed physical range, similar to a cell in a 5G NR system, and a second cell (which may be called, for example, a subcell / area / microcell / cell / small cell / second cell within the first cell) whose physical range changes quasi-statically / dynamically based on conditions, may be formed.

[0063] For example, the first cell may be called a supercell to distinguish it from a second cell. If a supercell consists of multiple second cells, the second cells may have the same definition / operation / coverage as existing cells in the NR. For example, the second cells may be called subcells to distinguish them from the first cell. If a supercell or cell consists of multiple subcells, the subcells may have the same definition / operation / coverage as existing cells in the NR.

[0064] The first cell may be a cell newly defined in a future wireless communication system, or a cell definition from an existing wireless communication system may be reused.

[0065] The configurations of the first and second cells can be assumed to be as follows: Assumption 1: The first cell is composed of multiple TRPs, each having a single cell ID (physical cell ID (PCI)). Multiple TRPs can cooperate in sending and receiving data. Assumption 2: The first cell is composed of multiple TRPs (or subcells) with different cell IDs. Multiple TRPs / subcells can cooperate in sending and receiving data.

[0066] Figure 4A shows an example of the overview of hypothetical configuration 1 for cell-free operation. In the example shown in Figure 4A, each TRP included in the first cell (supercell / cell) has the same PCI (PCI #0). Multiple TRPs can communicate in cooperation with a single UE.

[0067] Figure 4B shows an example of an overview of hypothetical configuration 2 for cell-free operation. In the example shown in Figure 4B, each TRP included in the first cell (supercell / cell) has a different PCI (PCI #0 to #9). Multiple TRPs can communicate in cooperation with a single UE.

[0068] Figure 4C shows another example of the overview of assumption 2 of the cell-free configuration. In the example shown in Figure 4C, a PCI is assigned to each TRP contained in the first cell (supercell / cell). In the example shown in Figure 4C, unlike the example in Figure 4B, the same one PCI may correspond to multiple TRPs. Multiple TRPs can communicate in cooperation with a single UE.

[0069] Transmitting / receiving with TRP / subcell coordination may be based on at least one of the following methods supported in NR: - Single TRP / subcell transmission with dynamic TRP / subcell switching (single TRP transmission). - Joint transmission using multiple TRP / subcells (multi-TRP joint transmission). The joint transmission may be based on single DCI or multi-DCI. The joint transmission may be non-coherent joint transmission (NCJT) or coherent joint transmission (CJT).

[0070] Assuming an ideal backhaul and close coordination for self-free operation, CJT may be preferred over NCJT in a joint transmission scheme, and single DCI-based joint transmission may be preferred over multi-DCI-based joint transmission.

[0071] Selfly can enable large-scale distributed MIMO, low-layer (e.g., L2 / L1) mobility, and flexible TRP clustering. For example, when applied to ultra-high-density TRP, cell / TRP clustering for mobility / control and data can be separated.

[0072] Cell-free design offers several advantages, including: • Increased TRP density per cell. This improves the Signal-Noise Ratio (SNR) across all UEs, including conventional cell edge areas. • Flexible (e.g., UE-centric) TRP clustering for cell construction. This reduces the number of UEs affected by inter-cell / inter-TRP interference. • Enhanced mobility at lower layers. A single clustering can accommodate more TRPs, enabling seamless movement through, for example, L1-level operations.

[0073] With regard to self-free design, either Concept 1 or 2 below may be applied.

[0074] <Concept 1> Selfly targets the selection of multiple TRPs / access points (APs), and transmission / reception with TRPs / APs is limited to data only (e.g., PDSCH / PUSCH) (e.g., at the physical / MAC layer). In this case, there is no significant impact on cell selection, initial access, or mobility compared to existing methods. LTM (L1 / L2-triggered mobility, e.g., LTM prior to Rel. 18) may be reusable, or LTM functionality may be enhanced. L1 measurement / reporting or enhanced SRS transmission may be performed for the selection of multiple TRPs / APs, CSI measurement / reporting or enhanced SRS transmission for CSI of TRPs / APs with different clusterings, etc.

[0075] <Concept 2> The selection of multiple TRP / APs and transmission / reception with TRP / APs applies to both control channels / signals (e.g., in RRC) and data (e.g., PDSCH / PUSCH) (e.g., in the physical / MAC layer).

[0076] In this case, compared to existing methods, there are impacts on cell selection, initial access, and mobility, in addition to the measurement / reporting of L1 / CSI for data in Concept 1. For example, since the UE needs to access multiple TRP / APs during initial access, the SSB / SI / RACH also needs to be redesigned.

[0077] When clustering multiple TRP / APs for control channels / signals and data, the clustering method (e.g., TRP / APs within the cluster) may be the same or different. In this case, potential impacts may arise when clustering is performed on multiple DU / CUs located in geographically different locations.

[0078] <CC (Carrier Aggregation (CA) Scenarios) of Different Frequencies> Selfly may be applied to CC (CA scenarios) of different frequencies. The above multiple TRP / AP may be processed individually for each CC or jointly across multiple CCs. For example, clustering and scheduling may take into account both the dimensions of the TRP and the dimensions of the CC.

[0079] (Carrier design in future wireless communication systems) In future wireless communication systems (e.g., Rel. 21 and beyond, 6G systems), it is expected that advanced services exceeding those of 5G NR systems will be realized in order to solve social issues in the 2030s and beyond, as exemplified below: - Scalable network (NW). - Easy-to-operate NW. - Sustainable / resilient NW. - Improved performance (e.g., throughput / capacity) at lower bit costs. - Significant reduction in the cost / complexity / power consumption of cellular networks. - Increased revenue / creation of new value through cellular networks.

[0080] For scalable networks, it is desirable that the basic design of a 6G system be applicable not only to use cases within the 6G system but also to potential new use cases that may arise later. This is because it will be beneficial and practical for features that are expected to be released in the future.

[0081] For easily operable networks, it is desirable to avoid specifying multiple options for the same purpose.

[0082] For sustainable and fast-recovering networks, significant cost and energy consumption reductions are desirable for both the network side and the terminals (user terminals, user equipment (UE)). Furthermore, improved fault tolerance and rapid recovery capabilities against all kinds of events (e.g., operational errors, high traffic, disasters, etc.) are also desirable.

[0083] The following describes an example of carrier design in a future wireless communication system, with reference to Figure 5.

[0084] The UE may monitor multiple frequencies (for example, which may be called monitoring frequencies / synchronous rasters) to detect a first carrier (for example, which may be called a perch carrier).

[0085] If a first carrier is detected, the UE may perform a synchronous operation (which may be called a first synchronous operation) and receive / retrieve information (e.g., system information).

[0086] The UE may perform initial access / random access on a second carrier (which may be called an anchor carrier, for example) based on the received / acquired information (e.g., system information) and establish an RRC connection with the NW. At least a portion of the initial access / random access may be performed on the first carrier.

[0087] The UE may transmit / receive data on a third carrier (which may be called a data carrier, for example) that is set up by signals transmitted / received on a second carrier.

[0088] Please note that the names such as perch carrier, anchor carrier, and data carrier used in this disclosure are merely examples and are not limited to these names.

[0089] Figure 5 shows the low-frequency band (coverage band) and the high-frequency band (capacity band). In the example shown in Figure 5, after the UE is powered on, the UE performs a cell search using the monitoring frequency. Next, the monitoring frequency resource detected by the UE becomes the perch carrier (first carrier), and the perch carrier receives information about the anchor carrier (second carrier). The UE performs initial access (IA) using at least one of the perch carrier and the anchor carrier. From the cell search to the completion of IA, the UE is in idle mode.

[0090] After initial access is complete, the UE enters RRC connection (CONNECTED) mode. The UE receives information about the data carrier (third carrier) on the anchor carrier. The UE performs additional synchronization on the anchor carrier. The UE transmits / receives data on the data carrier for a specific use case (e.g., eMBB / other purposes).

[0091] In the example shown in Figure 5, if the UE returns to idle mode / inactive mode, RRC reconnection may be performed using LP-WUS / WUR and at least one of mobility operations.

[0092] In the example shown in Figure 5, carriers other than the perch carrier may be on-demand carriers (i.e., carriers that are not always on) from the viewpoint of reducing network energy. For example, at least one of the second carrier (anchor carrier) and the third carrier (data carrier) may support on-demand transmission / setting, where transmission is controlled based on a wake-up signal / trigger signal, while the first carrier (perch carrier) may not support on-demand transmission / setting.

[0093] For example, the UE may transmit a wake-up / trigger signal based on information about a second carrier received on the first carrier, and receive a signal transmitted on the second carrier in response to the wake-up / trigger signal. In another example, the UE may transmit a wake-up / trigger signal based on information about a third carrier received on the second carrier, and receive a signal transmitted on the third carrier in response to the wake-up / trigger signal.

[0094] In the example shown in Figure 5, the UE may obtain a first synchronization (or information regarding the first synchronization) on the first carrier and a second synchronization (or information regarding the second synchronization) on the second carrier. In this case, the UE may perform transmission and reception on the first carrier (or transmission and reception on the first carrier and transmission and reception on a portion of the second carrier) based on the first synchronization, and perform transmission and reception on the second and third carriers (or transmission and reception on a portion of the second carrier and transmission and reception on the third carrier) based on the second synchronization.

[0095] <Monitoring Frequency / Synchronization Raster> The monitoring frequency / synchronization raster may indicate the frequency position of the synchronization signal block (SSB) that the UE can use to acquire the system.

[0096] In existing NRs (e.g., up to Rel. 18), the frequency position (center frequency) of the synchronization signal block is expressed as N * 1200 kHz + M * 50 kHz (where N is an integer from 1 to 2499, and M is 1, 3, or 5) for frequencies from 0 to 3000 MHz (Frequency Range (FR) 1), and as 3000 MHz + N * 1.44 MHz (where N is an integer from 0 to 14756) for frequencies above 3000 MHz (FR 2).

[0097] Furthermore, during initial access to an existing NR, the order in which the UE searches for synchronized rasters depends on the UE implementation. For efficient searching, a Global Synchronization Channel Number (GSCN) is defined, and the GSCN range is notified to the UE. This GSCN is represented as 3N + (M - 3) / 2 in FR1 and as 7499 + N in FR2.

[0098] In this disclosure, the number of monitoring frequency / synchronous rasters may be more limited (e.g., smaller) than the number of monitoring frequency / synchronous rasters in existing NRs. In other words, the frequency spacing of the monitoring frequency / synchronous rasters may be wider than in existing NRs.

[0099] For example, the location of a synchronization raster may be defined based on its relationship to information relating to a frequency band (e.g., a frequency band index). The UE may monitor or search for the location of a synchronization raster associated with a frequency band index. Alternatively, the UE may assume that the location of a synchronization raster is associated with a frequency band index, and may monitor or search for synchronization rasters based on that assumption.

[0100] For example, the bandwidth in which a GSCN or synchronous raster is defined may be limited. A UE may monitor or search for the bandwidth in which a GSCN or synchronous raster is defined among the bandwidths supported by the UE. Alternatively, a UE may assume that a GSCN or synchronous raster is defined in only a specific bandwidth among the bandwidths supported by the UE, and may monitor or search for a GSCN or synchronous raster based on that assumption.

[0101] For example, in a given bandwidth, a GSCN or synchronous raster may be defined only at specific frequency positions. For example, in a given bandwidth, a GSCN or synchronous raster may be defined within X Hz (where X is any number) from the lower limit of that bandwidth. A UE may monitor or search for a GSCN or synchronous raster at (only) the specific frequency positions in which it is defined for each of the bandwidths it supports. Alternatively, a UE may assume that a GSCN or synchronous raster is defined only at (only) specific frequency positions in a given bandwidth, and may monitor or search for a GSCN or synchronous raster based on that assumption.

[0102] This allows for an extension of the time required for cell search per frequency (i.e., the period of the synchronization signal block per frequency), thereby reducing network energy consumption and shortening the time required for initial access.

[0103] The monitoring frequency resources detected by the UE may correspond to potential perch carriers (first carriers).

[0104] <Perch Carrier> The first carrier may be a carrier common to multiple UEs.

[0105] The first carrier could be a common carrier regardless of the use case / service / device type, for example.

[0106] In the first carrier, common signals (e.g., synchronization signal blocks / master information blocks / system information blocks) may be transmitted. Furthermore, the transmission and reception of data (e.g., application layer information) is not assumed in the first carrier. Also, the transmission and reception of information relating to a specific UE or a specific group of UEs (e.g., information other than that relating to the second carrier) is not assumed in the first carrier.

[0107] The first carrier (and the signal transmitted in it) may always be kept in the ON state.

[0108] Signals transmitted on the first carrier (e.g., synchronization signal blocks / master information blocks / system information blocks) may include information about an anchor carrier (second carrier) that is available in the system or used by the UE.

[0109] The first carrier may have a frequency lower than a specific value (for example, 800 MHz).

[0110] The first carrier may correspond to a single (base station) beam.

[0111] The UE may perform a first synchronization in the first carrier. The first synchronization may mean a first step / level (e.g., coarse) synchronization among multiple (e.g., two) step / level synchronizations.

[0112] The first carrier may, for example, be included in a coverage band.

[0113] By defining and utilizing the first carrier in this way, it is possible to cover all future use cases and contribute to achieving a scalable network.

[0114] <Anchor Carrier> The second carrier may be a carrier / frequency used for network connection / control.

[0115] The second carrier may be an individual carrier for each UE, for multiple UEs (UE groups), for each use case, or for each service. A UE may determine which second carrier is compatible with its device based on information obtained from the first carrier.

[0116] In the second carrier, at least one of the following transmissions / receptions / operations may occur: - Transmission / reception of a system information block for a specific use case (e.g., enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB)); - Connection establishment; - Transmission / reception of a wake-up signal (WUS); - Wake-up receiver (WUR) operation; - Second synchronization; - Information about the third carrier.

[0117] The terms "Wake-up signal (WUS)" and "Wake-up receiver" may be interpreted as "Low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS)" and "Low-power wake-up receiver (LP-WUR)."

[0118] By using a second carrier to perform LP-WUS / WUR related operations, it is possible to reduce network energy consumption and user energy consumption.

[0119] The second carrier (and the signals transmitted on it) does not have to be always on (it may be in a dormant state). For example, the transmission of signals on the second carrier (DL transmission / UL transmission) may be supported to be performed on demand in response to a wake-up signal / trigger signal.

[0120] The second synchronization may refer to the second step / level (e.g., a more precise) synchronization among multiple (e.g., two) step / level synchronizations. For example, a UE may achieve the first synchronization on the first carrier and the second synchronization on the second carrier.

[0121] The second carrier may be included in the first carrier in certain cases (for example, in the case of a [narrowband] IoT device). The second carrier may also overlap the same frequency band as the first carrier.

[0122] The second carrier may, for example, be included in a coverage band.

[0123] At least one operation performed on the second carrier may also be performed on the first / third carrier. Furthermore, at least one operation performed on the first / third carrier may also be performed on the second carrier.

[0124] <Data Carrier> The third carrier may be a carrier used for transmitting / receiving data.

[0125] The third carrier could be an individual carrier for each UE, for multiple UEs (UE groups), for each use case, or for each service.

[0126] The third carrier (and the signals transmitted on it) does not have to be always on (it may be in a dormant state). For example, the transmission of signals on the third carrier (DL transmission / UL transmission) may be supported to be performed on demand in response to a wake-up signal / trigger signal.

[0127] The third carrier may be included in both the coverage band and the capacity band, for example. The third carrier within the capacity band may be used as a surplus carrier.

[0128] The third career may include the first career.

[0129] UE / NW may use the first carrier as a third carrier only in specific cases. Such specific cases may be, for example, at least one of (re-)initial access, fallback cases, and mobility on the second carrier.

[0130] UE may use / monitor the first carrier as a third carrier. Also, U may use / monitor the first carrier as a third carrier in the case of mobility on the first carrier.

[0131] The first, second, and third carriers corresponding to terrestrial networks (TN) and the first, second, and third carriers corresponding to non-terrestrial networks (NTN) may be defined separately or in common.

[0132] Furthermore, certain devices (for example, devices that do not perform cell search / RRC connectivity (e.g., Ambient IoT (A-IoT))) do not need to use a second carrier.

[0133] Furthermore, the carrier design described above may be applied to a cell-free configuration as appropriate. For example, the first carrier may correspond to a first cell (e.g., a supercell) or to a second cell (e.g., an area). Also, for example, the second carrier may correspond to a first cell (e.g., a supercell) or to a second cell (e.g., an area). Also, for example, the third carrier may correspond to a second cell (e.g., an area).

[0134] (L1 / L2 Inter-Cell Mobility) A UE may perform UL transmissions to one or more cells / TRPs. In this case, the following Scenario 1 or Scenario 2 procedures are possible. In this disclosure, a serving cell may be interpreted as a TRP within a serving cell. Layer 1 / layer 2 (L1 / L2) and DCI / Medium Access Control Control Element (MAC CE) may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, a PCI different from the Physical Cell Identity (PCI) of the current serving cell may be simply referred to as a "different PCI". Non-serving cells, cells with different PCIs, and additional cells may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0135] <Scenario 1> Scenario 1 is, for example, a scenario that corresponds to inter-cell mobility in a multi-TRP, but it may also be a scenario that does not correspond to inter-cell mobility in a multi-TRP.

[0136] (1) The UE receives from the serving cell the SSB settings for beam measurement of the TRP corresponding to a PCI different from that of the serving cell, and the settings necessary to use wireless resources for data transmission and reception, including the resources of the different PCI. (2) The UE performs beam measurement of the TRP corresponding to the different PCI and reports the beam measurement results to the serving cell. (3) Based on the above report, the Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) status associated with the TRP corresponding to the different PCI is activated by L1 / L2 signaling from the serving cell. (4) The UE transmits and receives using a dedicated channel on the TRP corresponding to the different PCI. (5) The UE must always cover the serving cell, including in the case of multiple TRPs. The UE must use a common channel from the serving cell (Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH), Paging Channel (PCH)), etc., as in conventional systems.

[0137] In Scenario 1, when the UE sends and receives signals with the additional cell / TRP (the TRP corresponding to the PCI of the additional cell), the serving cell (the UE's assumption of the serving cell) remains unchanged. The UE sets higher-layer parameters related to the PCI of the non-serving cell from the serving cell. Scenario 1 may be applied, for example, in Rel. 17.

[0138] Figure 6A shows an example of UE movement in Rel. 17. It assumes a UE moving from a PCI#1 cell (serving cell) to a PCI#3 cell (additional cell) (overlapping with the serving cell). In this case, Rel. 17 does not support L1 / L2 switching of serving cells.

[0139] An additional cell is a cell with an additional PCI that is different from the PCI of the serving cell. UEs can receive and transmit UE-dedicated channels from additional cells. UEs need to be within the coverage of the serving cell to receive UE common channels (e.g., system information / paging / short messages). If a UE moves outside the coverage of the serving cell, a cell switch is required, such as through a handover (also called L3 mobility).

[0140] <Scenario 2> In Scenario 2, L1 / L2 cell mobility is applied. With L1 / L2 cell mobility, serving cell changes can be made using functions such as beam control without RRC reconfiguration. In other words, transmission and reception with additional cells are possible without handover. Since handover requires RRC reconnection and other factors, resulting in a period of no data communication, applying L1 / L2 cell mobility that does not require handover allows data communication to continue even when the serving cell is changed. Scenario 2 may be applied, for example, in Rel. 18. In Scenario 2, for example, the following procedure is performed.

[0141] (1) The UE receives the SSB configuration of a cell with a different PCI (additional cell) from the serving cell for beam measurement / serving cell change. (2) The UE performs beam measurement on the cell using the different PCI and reports the measurement results to the serving cell. (3) The UE may receive the configuration of the cell with the different PCI (serving cell configuration) by upper layer signaling (e.g., RRC). In other words, a pre-configuration regarding the serving cell change may be performed. This configuration may be performed together with the configuration in (1) or separately. (4) Based on the above report, the TCI state of the cell with the different PCI may be activated by L1 / L2 signaling in accordance with the serving cell change. The activation of the TCI state and the serving cell change may be performed separately. (5) The UE changes the serving cell (assumed serving cell) and starts receiving / transmitting using the pre-configured UE-specific channel and TCI state.

[0142] In other words, in Scenario 2, the serving cell (the assumed serving cell in the UE) is updated by L1 / L2 signaling. Scenario 2 may also be applied in Rel. 18.

[0143] Figure 6B shows an example of UE movement in Rel. 18. In Rel. 18, serving cells are switched via L1 / L2 (e.g., DCI / MAC CE). UEs can receive / transmit UE-dedicated / common channels to and from the new serving cell (or target serving cell). UEs may move out of coverage of the current serving cell (e.g., Current serving cell).

[0144] (Consideration) In future wireless communication systems (e.g., 6G), support for different device categories is being considered. For example, support for enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) UE, Internet of Things (IoT) UE, and low-capacity UE is being considered.

[0145] A unified framework for different device categories is useful for realizing easily-operational networks and extensible networks.

[0146] In existing systems (e.g., NR), Reduced UE capability (RedCap) is defined for low-capacity UEs. For example, RedCap in Rel. 18 specifies that the data channel bandwidth is smaller / narrower than a certain bandwidth (e.g., 5 MHz).

[0147] On the other hand, in existing systems, several signals (e.g., synchronization signal blocks (SSB) / system information blocks (SIB)) are common to both RedCap UEs and non-RedCap UEs. Therefore, there are cases where a RedCap UE needs to receive signals with a bandwidth larger than or wider than the specific bandwidth mentioned above.

[0148] Given that such cases exist in existing systems, future wireless communication systems are being considered to use signals with smaller / narrower bandwidths than existing systems (hereinafter also referred to as narrowband (NB) signals).

[0149] For example, for cell searches of low-capacity UEs, the use of SSB / SIB (hereinafter also referred to as NB SSB / NB SIB) with smaller / narrower bandwidth than existing systems is being considered.

[0150] Thus, in future wireless communication systems, the coexistence of low-capacity UEs and normal UEs is being considered.

[0151] In future wireless communication systems, the use of signals with a wider bandwidth than NB signals (hereinafter also referred to as wideband (WB) signals) is also being considered.

[0152] If both NB and WB signals are used in future wireless communication systems, it is considered necessary to instruct the UE (User Environment) regarding information about at least one of the NB and WB signals.

[0153] However, instructions regarding such information have not been adequately considered. If this consideration is insufficient, it may not be possible to properly perform communication using NB signals and WB signals, and thus it may not be possible to achieve a simple and scalable network.

[0154] Therefore, the inventors conceived of the following embodiments.

[0155] The embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Each wireless communication method according to the embodiments may be applied individually or in combination.

[0156] (Various substitutions) In this disclosure, words enclosed in parentheses () may indicate an explanation of the preceding word (e.g., an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, or supplementary explanation. Also, in this disclosure, words enclosed in square brackets ([]) may be interpreted as part of the overall meaning of the text, or they may be interpreted as being excluded (ignored). Note that parentheses () and square brackets ([]) may be used for purposes / meanings other than those described above.

[0157] In this disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0158] In this disclosure, "whether it is A or B", "either A or B", "whether it is A or not", "whether it is B or not", etc., may be interpreted as being interchangeable.

[0159] In this disclosure, terms such as notice, activate, deactivate, indicate (or specify), select, configure, update, and determine may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and capable of operating may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0160] In this disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher-layer parameters, fields, Information Elements (IE), settings, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, Medium Access Control elements (MAC Control Elements (CE)), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0161] In this disclosure, the upper layer signaling may be any or a combination thereof, such as Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, and other messages (e.g., messages from the core network, such as positioning protocol messages (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages).

[0162] In this disclosure, MAC signaling may include, for example, MAC Control Elements (MAC CEs) and MAC Protocol Data Units (PDUs). Broadcast information may include, for example, Master Information Blocks (MIBs), System Information Blocks (SIBs), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSIs), and Other System Information (OSIs).

[0163] In this disclosure, physical layer signaling may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI).

[0164] In this disclosure, base station, gNB, and network (NW) may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0165] In this disclosure, terminal, UE, broadband terminal, broadband UE, first terminal, first UE, existing normal UE, existing RedCap UE, normal UE, terminal supporting a bandwidth greater than / wider than a specific bandwidth, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0166] In this disclosure, terminal, UE, narrowband terminal, narrowband UE, IoT terminal, new RedCap UE, terminal supporting a bandwidth below a certain bandwidth, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0167] In this disclosure, signals, target signals, monitor signals, NB signals, WB signals, basic signals, synchronization signals (PSS / SSS), broadcast signals, synchronization signals / broadcast signals, SSB, SS / PBCH blocks, system information, system information blocks (SIB, SIB1, SIBx (where x is any number)), master information blocks (MIB), paging, etc., may be interpreted as being interchangeable.

[0168] In this disclosure, signals, channels, information, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0169] In this disclosure, carrier, frequency carrier, component carrier, frequency, band, frequency band, raster, synchronous raster, cell, channel, etc. may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0170] In this disclosure, "career" may mean a first career, a second career, or a third career.

[0171] In this disclosure, "perch" and "1" may be interpreted as interchangeable. In this disclosure, "anchor" and "2" may be interpreted as interchangeable. In this disclosure, "data" and "3" may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0172] In this disclosure, search, monitor, receive, etc. may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0173] In this disclosure, cell group, serving cell group, master cell group (MCG), and secondary cell group (SCG) may be interpreted interchangeably. L1 / L2, L1 / L2 signaling, and DCI / MAC CE may be interpreted interchangeably. A serving cell may be replaced with a cell that transmits a PDSCH. A candidate cell may mean a cell that is a candidate to become a serving cell through L1 / L2 inter-cell mobility. L1 / L2-triggered mobility (or Lower layer triggered mobility, LTM) and L1 / L2 inter-cell mobility may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0174] In this disclosure, cell, PCI, serving cell, source serving cell, source cell, CC, BWP, BWP within CC, and band may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, cell, PCI, cell with additional PCI, additional cell, other cell, non-serving cell, cell with a different PCI, candidate cell, candidate serving cell, cell with a PCI different from the current serving cell's PCI, another serving cell, and target cell may be interpreted interchangeably. A target cell may be a cell selected from among several candidate cells. In this disclosure, switch, change, and update may be interpreted interchangeably. A serving cell may be interpreted as a serving cell before a switch or a serving cell after a switch.

[0175] In this disclosure, the terms current serving cell, target cell, candidate cell, non-serving cell, additional cell, adjacent cell, cell, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0176] (Wireless communication method) <First embodiment> The first embodiment relates to signal instruction in cell search operation.

[0177] At least one of a narrow-band (NB) signal (e.g., NB SSB) and a wide-band (WB) signal (e.g., WB SSB) may be transmitted on a single frequency / carrier.

[0178] In this disclosure, the NB signal may mean at least one of the following: [NB]SSB, [NB]SS, [NB]PBCH, [NB]MIB, [NB]SIB, [NB]SIB1, and [NB]SIB based on [NB]SIB1 ([NB]SIBx (where x is an integer of 2 or more)).

[0179] In this disclosure, the WB signal may mean at least one of the following: [WB]SSB, [WB]SS, [WB]PBCH, [WB]MIB, [WB]SIB, [WB]SIB1, and [WB]SIB based on [WB]SIB1 ([WB]SIBx (where x is an integer of 2 or more)).

[0180] In this disclosure, the first UE may mean a device that supports a bandwidth greater than / wider than a specific bandwidth (e.g., a normal UE, an existing RedCap UE). In this disclosure, the second UE may mean a device that supports a bandwidth less than or equal to the above-mentioned specific bandwidth (e.g., a RedCap UE newly supported in 6G and beyond). The above-mentioned specific bandwidth may be the maximum bandwidth of the second UE.

[0181] The maximum bandwidth of the NB signal may be less than or equal to the maximum bandwidth of the second UE. For example, the maximum bandwidth of the NB signal may be less than or equal to 5 MHz.

[0182] For example, the maximum bandwidth of NB SSB (MIB) may be 5 MHz, 3 MHz, 180 kHz, or any other value.

[0183] The maximum bandwidth of the WB signal may be greater than the maximum bandwidth of the NB signal (for example, greater than the maximum bandwidth of the second UE). The maximum bandwidth of the WB signal may also be a bandwidth supported by the first UE but not by the second UE.

[0184] For example, the maximum bandwidth of WB SSB (MIB) may be the same as the maximum bandwidth of SSB (MIB) in an existing system (e.g., 5G NR).

[0185] <<Embodiment 1.1>> Embodiment 1.1 relates to information that indicates the NB signal / WB signal to be received / monitored.

[0186] A UE may receive specific information about a particular signal (hereinafter also referred to as the target signal) in order to receive / monitor that particular signal. Based on that specific information, the UE may determine at least one of the following: the time / frequency resources available for receiving / monitoring the target signal (hereinafter also referred to as the target resource), or the type of the target signal (for example, whether the target signal is an NB signal or a WB signal).

[0187] If the target signal is an NB signal, it may also be called a target NB signal. If the target signal is a WB signal, it may also be called a target WB signal. In this disclosure, target signal, target NB signal, target WB signal, target [NB / WB]SSB, target [NB / WB]SS, target [NB / WB]PBCH, target [NB / WB]MIB, target [NB / WB]SIB, target [NB / WB]SIB1, target [NB / WB]SIB based on target [NB / WB]SIB1 (target [NB / WB]SIBx (where x is an integer of 2 or more)), etc. may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0188] The UE may receive / monitor target signals at target resources determined / judged based on the specific information described above.

[0189] As the specific information mentioned above, at least one of the following information 1.1A and information 1.1B may be indicated by the NW: • Information 1.1A: One or more lists containing one or more frequencies / carriers; • Information 1.1B: Information for each frequency / carrier in the above list.

[0190] The specific information described above (e.g., information 1.1A / 1.1B) may be indicated by a perch carrier [signal within] (e.g., PBCH / MIB / SIB1 / SIB) or by an NB signal (e.g., NB SSB / NB MIB / NB SIB1 / NB SIB). The signal within the perch carrier may also be an NB signal.

[0191] In this disclosure, the signals indicating the specific information described above may be referred to as the monitored signals (hereinafter also referred to as the monitor signals) [to receive / monitor the target signals].

[0192] In this disclosure, the frequency / carrier on which the above-mentioned specific information is transmitted / instructed (i.e., the frequency / carrier on which the monitor signal is transmitted) may be referred to as the monitored frequency (hereinafter also referred to as the monitor frequency). For example, the monitor frequency may be the perch carrier [on which the above-mentioned specific information is transmitted / instructed] or the frequency on which the NB signal [instructing the above-mentioned specific information] is received / monitored by the UE.

[0193] In this disclosure, the frequency / carrier at which the UE is instructed to receive / monitor the target signal may be referred to as the target frequency. For example, the target frequency may be the same frequency / carrier as the monitor frequency, a different frequency / carrier (e.g., an anchor carrier / data carrier, or a carrier in a band other than the band containing the monitor frequency), or the frequency / carrier at which the UE receives / monitors the target WB signal.

[0194] The above information 1.1B may include at least one of the following information 1.1B-1 to 1.1B-11: • Information 1.1B-1: Frequency position of the target frequency, • Information 1.1B-2: Whether the UE monitors the NB signal or the WB signal at the target frequency, • Information 1.1B-3: Time position of the target signal, • Information 1.1B-4: Period of the target signal, • Information 1.1B-5: Time offset between the target signal at the target frequency and the monitor signal at the monitor frequency, • Information 1.1B-6: Number of target signals in one period, • Information 1.1B-7: Which target signal is transmitted in one period, • Information 1.1B-8: Cell ID, • Information 1.1B-9: Parameters related to RACH, • Information 1.1B-10: Information about the physical channel, • Information 1.1B-11: Information about the logical channel.

[0195] The above information 1.1B-1 may be indicated using an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN), or it may be indicated using a frequency offset relative to the monitor signal (e.g., SS / PBCH / SIB in the perch carrier).

[0196] The above information 1.1B-2 may [explicitly] indicate that an NB signal is received at the frequency / carrier (in other words, that the target signal is an NB signal), or it may [explicitly] indicate that a WB signal is received at the frequency / carrier (in other words, that the target signal is a WB signal).

[0197] Since the above information 1.1B-2 is minimal, it is preferable to combine it with other information to search for the target signal more quickly at the target frequency, but information 1.1B-2 alone may also be indicated.

[0198] With respect to the above information 1.1B-5, the UE may determine / determine the time resource of the target signal based on the time resource of the monitor signal and the time offset indicated [by the above information 1B-5]. The UE may receive / monitor the target signal in that time resource.

[0199] In this disclosure, the time resources of a signal, the time position of a signal, the start position of a signal, the end position of a signal, etc., may be interpreted as being interchangeable.

[0200] With respect to the above information 1.1B-5, if the number of monitor signals in one period at the monitor frequency is one, and the number of target signals in one period at the target frequency is one, then a time offset [between the monitor signal and the target signal] of X may mean that the [start / end position] of one target signal at the target frequency is X units of time (e.g., X symbols, X slots, X subframes, X frames) after the [start / end position] of one monitor signal at the monitor frequency.

[0201] For example, in the example shown in Figure 7, one SS / PBCH is transmitted at the monitor frequency and one SS / PBCH is transmitted at the target frequency. In this example, the time offset value indicated by the information 1.1B-5 above represents the time difference (e.g., number of symbols, number of slots, number of subframes, number of frames) between the starting position of one SS / PBCH at the monitor frequency and the starting position of one SS / PBCH at the target frequency.

[0202] Regarding the above information 1.1B-5, if the number of monitor signals in one period at the monitor frequency is 1 and the number of target signals in one period at the target frequency is N (where N is an integer greater than 1 (i.e., an integer greater than or equal to 2)), then a time offset of X between the monitor signal and the target signal may mean at least one of the following options: • Option 1.1B-5-A1: The start / end position of a particular target signal among the N target signals at the target frequency is X units of time (e.g., X symbols, X slots, X subframes, X frames) after the start / end position of one monitor signal at the monitor frequency. • Option 1.1B-5-A2: The start / end position of the first target signal among the N target signals at the target frequency is X units of time (e.g., X symbols, X slots, X subframes, X frames) after the start / end position of one monitor signal at the monitor frequency.

[0203] In option 1.1B-5-A1 above, the specific target signal may be the K-th target signal (1 ≤ K ≤ N) of the N target signals (in other words, the specific target signal may be the first target signal, an intermediate target signal, or the last target signal).

[0204] The case in which option 1.1B-5-A1 is applied is explained using Figure 8. In this example, one SS / PBCH is transmitted at the monitor frequency and four SS / PBCHs are transmitted at the target frequency. In this example, the time offset value indicated by information 1.1B-5 represents the time difference (e.g., number of symbols, number of slots, number of subframes, number of frames) between the start position of the first SS / PBCH at the monitor frequency and the start position of the second SS / PBCH at the target frequency.

[0205] The case where the above Option 1.1B-5-A2 is applied will be described using FIG. 8. In this example, one SS / PBCH is transmitted at the monitor frequency, and four SS / PBCHs are transmitted at the target frequency. Also, in this example, the value of the time offset indicated by the above Information 1.1B-5 is the difference in the time direction (e.g., number of symbols, number of slots, number of subframes, number of frames) between the start position of one SS / PBCH at the monitor frequency and the start position of the first SS / PBCH at the target frequency.

[0206] Regarding the above Information 1.1B-5, the number of monitor signals within one period at the monitor frequency is N １ pieces (N １ is an integer greater than 1 (i.e., an integer of 2 or more)), and the number of target signals within one period at the target frequency is N ２ pieces (N ２ is an integer greater than 1 (i.e., an integer of 2 or more)), when the [time] offset between the monitor signal and the target signal is X, it may mean at least one of the following several options: ・ Option 1.1B-5-B1: The start position / end position of a specific target signal among the N ２ target signals at the target frequency is X unit time (e.g., X symbols, X slots, X subframes, X frames) after the start position / end position of a specific monitor signal among the N １ [[ID=1)]5]monitor signals at the monitor frequency. ・ Option 1.1B-5-B2: The start position / end position of the first target signal among the N ２ target signals at the target frequency is X unit time (e.g., X symbols, X slots, X subframes, X frames) after the start position / end position of a specific monitor signal among the N １ monitor signals at the monitor frequency. ・ Option 1.1B-5-B3: Among the N ２ target signals at the target frequency, the start position / end position of the first target signal among the N １The start / end position of a target signal having the same index as a particular monitor signal among the monitor signals is X units of time (e.g., X symbols, X slots, X subframes, X frames) after the start / end position of that particular monitor signal. Option 1.1B-5-B4: N at the target frequency ２ The first target signal [start position / end position] among the target signals is at N in the monitor frequency. １ It is X units of time (e.g., X symbols, X slots, X subframes, X frames) after the start / end position of the first monitor signal among the individual monitor signals.

[0207] The above N １ and N ２ The numbers can be the same or different.

[0208] In option 1.1B-5-B1 above, the specific monitor signal is N １ K of the individual monitor signals １ The second monitor signal (1 ≤ K) １ ≤N １ ) may be (in other words, a particular monitor signal may be the first monitor signal, an intermediate monitor signal, or the last monitor signal). Also, a particular target signal may be N ２ K of the target signals ２ The second target signal (1 ≤ K) ２ ≤N ２ ) may be (in other words, a particular target signal may be the first target signal, an intermediate target signal, or the last target signal). Above K １ and K ２ The numbers can be the same or different.

[0209] In option 1.1B-5-B2 above, the specific monitor signal is N １ The L-th monitor signal out of the number of monitor signals (1 ≤ L ≤ N) １) may be any of the following (in other words, a particular monitor signal may be the first monitor signal, an intermediate monitor signal, or the last monitor signal).

[0210] In option 1.1B-5-B3 above, the specific monitor signal is N １ The Mth monitor signal out of the individual monitor signals (1 ≤ M ≤ N) １ ) may be (in other words, a particular monitor signal may be the first monitor signal, an intermediate monitor signal, or the last monitor signal). Also, the index [value] corresponding to the Mth monitor signal may be M, M-1, or any other value.

[0211] The case in which option 1.1B-5-B1 is applied will be explained using Figure 9. In this example, four SS / PBCHs are transmitted at the monitor frequency and four SS / PBCHs are transmitted at the target frequency. In this example, the time offset value indicated by information 1.1B-5 represents the time difference (e.g., number of symbols, number of slots, number of subframes, number of frames) between the start position of the second SS / PBCH at the monitor frequency and the start position of the third SS / PBCH at the target frequency.

[0212] The case in which option 1.1B-5-B2 is applied is explained using Figure 9. In this example, four SS / PBCHs are transmitted at the monitor frequency and four SS / PBCHs are transmitted at the target frequency. In this example, the time offset value indicated by information 1.1B-5 represents the time difference (e.g., number of symbols, number of slots, number of subframes, number of frames) between the start position of the second SS / PBCH at the monitor frequency and the start position of the first SS / PBCH at the target frequency.

[0213] The case in which option 1.1B-5-B3 is applied will be explained using Figure 9. In this example, four SS / PBCHs are transmitted at the monitor frequency and four SS / PBCHs are transmitted at the target frequency. In this example, the time offset value indicated by information 1.1B-5 represents the time difference (e.g., number of symbols, number of slots, number of subframes, number of frames) between the starting position of SS / PBCH #1 at the monitor frequency and the starting position of SS / PBCH #1 at the target frequency having the same index as SS / PBCH #1 at the monitor frequency.

[0214] The case in which option 1.1B-5-B4 is applied is explained using Figure 9. In this example, four SS / PBCHs are transmitted at the monitor frequency and four SS / PBCHs are transmitted at the target frequency. In this example, the time offset value indicated by information 1.1B-5 represents the time difference (e.g., number of symbols, number of slots, number of subframes, number of frames) between the start position of the first SS / PBCH at the monitor frequency and the start position of the first SS / PBCH at the target frequency.

[0215] With respect to the above information 1.1B-7, the target signals transmitted in one period may be indicated using a bitmap. For example, if the maximum number of target signals in one period is P, Q target signals (Q ≤ P) may be indicated to the UE using a bitmap having P bits, and the UE may receive / monitor these Q target signals.

[0216] The above information 1.1B-10 may include, for example, at least one of the following pieces of information: • Information regarding the PDCCH coreset / search space. • Information regarding frequency / time domain resource allocation for PDSCH / PUSCH. • Information regarding PUCCH resources. • Information regarding TDD / slot settings. • Information regarding subcarrier spacing.

[0217] The above information 1.1B-11 may be, for example, information notified / instructed by the settings of the Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH) / Paging Control Channel (PCCH).

[0218] <<<Modification>>> With respect to the above information 1.1A, if the UE provides two lists, one of the two lists may be a list of frequencies for which the UE monitors the target NB signal, and the other of the two lists may be a list of frequencies for which the UE monitors the target WB signal.

[0219] With respect to the above information 1.1A, if a UE is provided with a list based on its capabilities, the UE may monitor the target signal on one or more frequencies / carriers within that list. Such UE capabilities may be capabilities relating to the bandwidths that the UE supports, or capabilities relating to the category / type of the UE (e.g., first UE / second UE).

[0220] With respect to the above information 1.1A, if the UE is provided with multiple lists based on UE capabilities, the UE may select / determine one of these lists. The UE capabilities may be capabilities related to the bandwidths supported by the UE, or capabilities related to the UE's category / type (e.g., first UE / second UE). The selection / determination of the one list may depend on the UE's implementation, be based on predefined rules, or be based on multiple (e.g., all) post-measured channel quality. The UE may monitor the target signal at one or more frequencies / carriers within that one list.

[0221] Instead of (or together with) the above information 1.1B-2, information implicitly indicating the type of target signal (e.g., whether the target signal is NB SSB or WB SSB) may be indicated. For example, such information may be at least one of the following: the bandwidth of the target frequency, or the category / type of UEs supported at the target frequency (e.g., first UE / second UE).

[0222] Regarding the above information 1.1B-6, the number of target signals within a single period common to multiple (different) frequency bands / frequency ranges may be predetermined. In other words, the number of target signals within a single period may be a fixed value common to multiple (different) frequency bands / frequency ranges. In this case, the above information 1.1B-6 may not be specified.

[0223] Regarding the above information 1.1B-6, the number of target signals within one period for each frequency band / range may be predetermined. In other words, the number of target signals within one period may be a fixed value for each frequency band / range. In this case, the above information 1.1B-6 does not need to be specified.

[0224] Regarding the above information 1.1B-6, the number of target signals within a single period that is common to multiple (different) types of target signals may be predetermined. In other words, the number of target signals within a single period may be a fixed value common to multiple (different) types of target signals. For example, the number of first target signals (e.g., NB signals) within a single period and the number of second target signals (e.g., WB signals) within a single period may be the same fixed value. In this case, the above information 1.1B-6 may not be specified.

[0225] Regarding the above information 1.1B-6, the number of target signals within one period for each type of target signal may be predetermined. That is, the number of target signals within one period may be a fixed value for each type of target signal. For example, the number of first target signals (e.g., NB signals) within one period and the number of second target signals (e.g., WB signals) within one period may be different fixed values. In this case, the above information 1.1B-6 may not be specified.

[0226] According to Embodiment 1.1, the UE can appropriately determine / judge whether the target signal is an NB signal or a WB signal based on the monitor signal [information indicated by the monitor signal]. Furthermore, the UE can appropriately determine / judge which resource will receive / monitor the target signal based on the monitor signal [information indicated by the monitor signal].

[0227] <<Embodiment 1.2>> Embodiment 1.2 relates to limiting the monitor signal / target signal.

[0228] At least one of the following restrictions may be specified: Restriction 1.2A: The maximum number of rasters / frequency / carriers in a perch carrier [for which the UE monitors the monitor signal]; Restriction 1.2B: The maximum number of rasters / frequency / carriers spanning multiple (e.g., all) [frequency] bands; Restriction 1.2C: The maximum number of rasters / frequency / carriers per [frequency] band; Restriction 1.2D: The UE expects that one or more rasters / frequency / carriers in the same band indicate the same type of target signal.

[0229] In relation to the above restriction 1.2A, at least one of the following restrictions may be specified: • Restriction 1.2A-1: The maximum number of rasters / frequency / carriers in a perch carrier for which the UE monitors an NB signal (e.g., NB SSB). • Restriction 1.2A-2: The maximum number of rasters / frequency / carriers in a perch carrier for which the UE monitors a WB signal (e.g., WB SSB).

[0230] With respect to the above restriction 1.2D, for example, the UE may expect that an NB signal (e.g., NB SSB) is indicated [as the target signal] for one or more rasters / frequency / carriers in the same band. Alternatively, the UE may expect that a WB signal (e.g., WB SSB) is indicated [as the target signal] for one or more rasters / frequency / carriers in the same band.

[0231] According to Embodiment 1.2, the processing load on the UE related to searching for monitor signals / target signals can be reduced.

[0232] According to the first embodiment described above, it is possible to appropriately instruct signals during cell search operation.

[0233] <Second Embodiment> The second embodiment relates to signal instruction in cell reselection / mobility operation.

[0234] In this disclosure, terms such as "cell re-selection" and "cell selection" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0235] <<Embodiment 2.1>> Embodiment 2.1 relates to the instruction of NB / WB signals for adjacent cells.

[0236] The UE may provide / configure information indicating whether to receive an NB signal or a WB signal in an adjacent cell. This information may be provided / configured according to at least one of the following options 2.1-A to 2.1-D.

[0237] <<Option 2.1-A>> The above information may be provided / configured within the SIB [settings] which includes adjacent cell-related information related to intra-frequency cell re-selection. This SIB may be the SIB corresponding to SIB3 in an existing system (e.g., NR) as shown in Figure 10, or it may be another SIB. In Figure 10, the above information corresponds to the SSB type (ssbType).

[0238] <<Option 2.1-B>> The above information may be provided / configured within the SIB [settings] which includes adjacent cell-related information related to inter-frequency cell re-selection. This SIB may be the SIB corresponding to SIB4 in an existing system (e.g., NR) as shown in Figure 11, or it may be another SIB. In Figure 11, the above information corresponds to the SSB type (ssbType).

[0239] <<Option 2.1-C>> The above information may be provided / configured within a setting (e.g., RRC information element) that includes information related to measurements performed by the UE for in-frequency mobility / inter-frequency mobility. This setting may be a setting corresponding to MeasObjectNR in an existing system (e.g., NR) as shown in Figure 12, or a setting corresponding to MeasConfig in an existing system (e.g., NR), or any other setting. In Figure 12, the above information corresponds to the SSB type (ssbType).

[0240] <<Option 2.1-D>> The above information may be provided / configured within a setting (e.g., RRC Information Element) that includes information related to measurements performed in RRC Idle [State] (RRC_IDLE) / RRC Inactive [State] (RRC_INACTIVE). This setting may be a setting corresponding to MeasIdleConfig in an existing system (e.g., NR), or it may be a different setting.

[0241] In relation to at least one of the above options 2-A1 to 2-A4, certain restrictions may be imposed. Such specific restrictions may include the setting of the same type of signal (e.g., either an NB signal or a WB signal) for multiple adjacent cells at the same frequency. The UE may expect / assume that the same type of signal (e.g., either an NB signal or a WB signal) will be set for multiple adjacent cells at the same frequency.

[0242] For example, if an NB signal is set for one of several adjacent cells at a certain frequency, the UE may expect / assume that an NB signal will also be set for the other adjacent cells at that frequency.

[0243] For example, if a WB signal is set for one of several adjacent cells at a certain frequency, the UE may expect / assume that a WB signal will also be set for the other adjacent cells at that frequency.

[0244] According to Embodiment 2.1, the UE can be appropriately instructed to receive either the NB signal or the WB signal in the adjacent cell.

[0245] <<Embodiment 2.2>> Embodiment 2.2 relates to the instruction of NB signal / WB signal for candidate cells for LTM.

[0246] The UE may provide / configure information indicating which of the NB signal and the WB signal to receive in the candidate cell for LTM.

[0247] The above information may be provided / configured within a setting (e.g., an RRC information element) that includes information about candidate cells for LTM. This setting may be a setting corresponding to LTM-Candidate / LTM-SSB-Config in an existing system (e.g., NR) as shown in the figure, or a setting corresponding to LTM-Config in an existing system (e.g., NR), or another setting. In Figure 13, the above information corresponds to the SSB type (ssbType).

[0248] In connection with providing / setting the above information, at least one of the following restrictions 2.2A and 2.2B may be provided: • Restriction 2.2A: One or more candidate cells at the same frequency as the serving cell are set to the same type of signal as the serving cell (e.g., either an NB signal or a WB signal). • Restriction 2.2B: Multiple candidate cells at the same frequency are set to the same type of signal (e.g., either an NB signal or a WB signal).

[0249] If the above restriction 2.2A is provided, the UE may expect / assume that multiple candidate cells at the same frequency as the serving cell will be set with the same type of signal as the serving cell (e.g., either an NB signal or a WB signal).

[0250] For example, if an NB signal is set for a serving cell, the UE may expect / assume that an NB signal will also be set for one or more candidate cells at the same frequency as the serving cell.

[0251] For example, if a WB signal is set for a serving cell, the UE may expect / assume that a WB signal will also be set for one or more candidate cells at the same frequency as that serving cell.

[0252] If the above restriction 2.2B is specified, the UE may expect / assume that the same type of signal (e.g., either an NB signal or a WB signal) is set for multiple candidate cells at the same frequency.

[0253] For example, if an NB signal is set for one of several candidate cells at a certain frequency, the UE may expect / assume that an NB signal will also be set for the other candidate cells at that frequency.

[0254] For example, if a WB signal is set for one of several candidate cells at a certain frequency, the UE may expect / assume that a WB signal will also be set for the other candidate cells at that frequency.

[0255] According to Embodiment 2.2, the UE can be appropriately instructed to receive either the NB signal or the WB signal in the candidate cell for LTM.

[0256] According to the second embodiment described above, it is possible to appropriately instruct signals during cell reselection / mobility operation.

[0257] <Supplement> <<Notification of Information to UE>> In the embodiments described above, notification of any information from the Network (NW) (e.g., Base Station (BS)) to the UE (in other words, reception of any information from the BS at the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0258] If the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) not defined in existing standards in the MAC subheader.

[0259] If the above notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, or the format of the DCI.

[0260] Furthermore, the notification of arbitrary information to the UE in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic.

[0261] <<Notification of Information from UE>> Notification of any information from the UE to the NW in the embodiments described above (in other words, transmission / reporting of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signals), or a combination thereof.

[0262] If the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new LCID not specified in existing standards in the MAC subheader.

[0263] If the above notice is made by the UCI, the notice may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0264] Furthermore, the notification of any information from the UE in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic.

[0265] <<Regarding the application of each embodiment>> In UE / BS, specific (one or more) processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information for at least one of the embodiments described above may be applied (or used) if any or more of the following conditions are met: - A higher-layer parameter indicating the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is set; - The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on the relevant higher-layer parameter; - The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is designated / activated / triggered by MAC CE / DCI / UCI / Resource / Channel / RS; - A specific UE capability indicating (or related to) the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is reported or supported; - The application of the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on specific conditions.

[0266] The above-mentioned specific UE capability may indicate at least one of the following: - Supporting the above-mentioned specific processing / operation / control / assumment / information; - Supporting monitoring frequencies / first carrier / second carrier / third carrier (operation); - Supporting bandwidth width / size; - Supporting NB signals [only]; - Supporting WB signals; - Supporting NB signals and WB signals.

[0267] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that applies across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), a capability per frequency (e.g., one or a combination thereof, such as cell, band, band combination, BWP, component carrier, etc.), a capability per frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), a capability per subcarrier spacing (SCS), or a capability per feature set (FS) or feature set per component-carrier (FSPC).

[0268] Furthermore, the specific UE capabilities described above may be capabilities that apply across all duplexing schemes (common to all duplexing schemes regardless of the duplexing scheme), or they may be capabilities specific to each duplexing scheme (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD), Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0269] If the above conditions are not met, UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0270] (Note) The following inventions are added with respect to one embodiment of the present disclosure (in particular, the first embodiment): [Note 1] A terminal having: a receiving unit that monitors a first synchronization signal block (SSB) in a first carrier common to a plurality of terminals; and a control unit that determines at least one of the type, frequency resources, and time resources of a second SSB based on specific information indicated by the first SSB. [Note 2] The terminal according to Note 1, wherein the control unit determines, based on the specific information, whether the type of the second SSB is an SSB having a bandwidth greater than the maximum bandwidth supported by the particular terminal. [Note 3] The terminal according to Note 1 or Note 2, wherein the control unit determines the time resources of the second SSB based on the time resources of the first SSB and a time offset indicated by the specific information. [Note 4] The terminal according to any one of Notes 1 to 3, wherein the control unit expects that the same type of SSB will be indicated as the second SSB for one or more carriers in the same band.

[0271] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of this disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of this disclosure, or a combination thereof.

[0272] Figure 14 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may also be simply called system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), etc., as specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0273] Furthermore, the wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), and the like.

[0274] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the Master Node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the Secondary Node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0275] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity where both MN and SN are NR base stations (gNB) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0276] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) located within the macrocell C1 that form a small cell C2 that is narrower than the macrocell C1. User terminals 20 may be located within at least one cell. The arrangement, number, shape, size, etc., of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the configuration shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when base stations 11 and 12 are not distinguished, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0277] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called a supercell, for example) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called subcells, for example). A supercell may correspond to a cell with a fixed physical range, and a subcell may correspond to a cell whose physical range fluctuates quasi-statically / dynamically. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0278] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of Carrier Aggregation (CA) using multiple Component Carriers (CC) and Dual Connectivity (DC).

[0279] Each CC may be included in at least one of the first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and the second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). A macrocell C1 may be included in FR1, and a small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band above 24 GHz. Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may be in a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0280] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may communicate in each CC using at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD).

[0281] Multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wireless (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between base stations 11 and 12, base station 11, which is the upstream station, may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and base station 12, which is the relay station, may be called an IAB node.

[0282] Base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 via other base stations 10 or directly. The core network 30 may include at least one of the following: Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), Next Generation Core (NGC), etc.

[0283] The core network 30 may include network functions (NF) such as User Plane Function (UPF), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Application Function (AF), Data Network (DN), Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). Multiple functions may be provided by a single network node. Furthermore, communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may occur via the DN.

[0284] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of the following communication methods: LTE, LTE-A, 5G, etc.

[0285] In the wireless communication system 1, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based wireless access scheme may be used. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-OFDM), etc., may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0286] The wireless access method may also be called a waveform. In wireless communication system 1, other wireless access methods (for example, other single-carrier transmission methods, other multi-carrier transmission methods) may be used for the UL and DL wireless access methods.

[0287] In the wireless communication system 1, a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), a Broadcast Channel (PBCH), or a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) may be used as the downlink channel, which is shared by each user terminal 20.

[0288] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink channel may include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), or the like, all of which are shared by each user terminal 20.

[0289] User data, higher-layer control information, and System Information Blocks (SIBs) are transmitted via PDSCH. User data and higher-layer control information may also be transmitted via PUSCH. Furthermore, Master Information Blocks (MIBs) may be transmitted via PBCH.

[0290] Lower-layer control information may be transmitted by PDCCH. The lower-layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) which includes scheduling information for at least one of PDSCH and PUSCH.

[0291] Furthermore, the DCI that schedules PDSCH may be called DL assignment, DL DCI, etc., and the DCI that schedules PUSCH may be called UL grant, UL DCI, etc. Furthermore, PDSCH may be read as DL data, and PUSCH may be read as UL data.

[0292] PDCCH detection may utilize a Control Resource Set (CORESET) and a search space. A CORESET corresponds to the resources used to search for DCIs. A search space corresponds to the search area and search method for PDCCH candidates. A single CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. A UE may monitor CORESETs associated with a given search space based on the search space configuration.

[0293] A single search space may correspond to one or more PDCCH candidates corresponding to aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. In this disclosure, "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," and "CORESET configuration" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0294] PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery acknowledgment information (for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with the cell.

[0295] In this disclosure, downlinks, uplinks, etc., may be expressed without the prefix "link." Also, the prefix "physical" may be omitted from the names of various channels.

[0296] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc., may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, the DL-RS may include a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc.

[0297] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including SS (PSS, SSS) and PBCH (and DMRS for PBCH) may be called an SS / PBCH block, SS Block (SSB), etc. Note that SS, SSB, etc. may also be called reference signals.

[0298] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink reference signal (UL-RS) may include a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), etc. The DMRS may also be called a user-specific reference signal (UE-specific Reference Signal).

[0299] (Base Station) Figure 15 shows an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that one or more of the control unit 110, the transmitting / receiving unit 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140 may be provided.

[0300] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0301] The control unit 110 controls the entire base station 10. The control unit 110 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0302] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 120, transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and transmission path interface 140. The control unit 110 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 120. The control unit 110 may also perform call processing of communication channels (setting, releasing, etc.), status management of the base station 10, management of wireless resources, etc.

[0303] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0304] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122 and a measuring unit 123.

[0305] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0306] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may transmit the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also receive the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0307] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0308] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform processing on data and control information acquired from the control unit 110, for example, at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer (e.g., RLC retransmission control), and the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0309] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, discrete Fourier transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0310] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0311] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0312] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (receiving processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0313] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may also measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), reception quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0314] The transmission path interface 140 may send and receive signals (backhaul signaling) with devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0315] In this disclosure, the transmitting and receiving units of the base station 10 may consist of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission path interface 140.

[0316] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a Radio Unit (RU), a Distributed Unit (DU), and a Central Unit (CU). For example, the RU may implement RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level physical layer functions (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may implement higher-level physical layer functions (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may implement PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer functions.

[0317] In this disclosure, base station 10 may include a single device that implements all the functions of RU, DU, and CU, or it may include multiple devices that each implement some of the functions of RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In this disclosure, base station 10 may be interpreted as RU / DU / CU.

[0318] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may transmit a first synchronization signal block (SSB) (e.g., NB SSB) on a first carrier common to multiple terminals (e.g., a perch carrier).

[0319] The control unit 110 may use specific information indicated by the first SSB to specify at least one of the second SSB type, frequency resources, and time resources.

[0320] (User Terminal) Figure 16 shows an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transmitting / receiving unit 220, and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230. Note that one or more of the control unit 210, the transmitting / receiving unit 220, and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230 may be provided.

[0321] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0322] The control unit 210 controls the entire user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0323] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 220.

[0324] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0325] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222 and a measuring unit 223.

[0326] The transmitting and receiving antenna 230 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0327] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may receive the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may also transmit the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0328] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0329] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc., on data and control information acquired from the control unit 210 to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0330] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0331] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the transform precoding settings. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as the transmission process to transmit a channel (for example, PUSCH) using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform if transform precoding is enabled for that channel, or it may not perform DFT processing as the transmission process if transform precoding is not enabled for that channel.

[0332] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0333] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0334] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (receiving processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0335] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (measuring unit 223) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measuring unit 223 may perform RRM measurement, CSI measurement, etc., based on the received signal. The measuring unit 223 may also measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0336] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on channel measurement resources. Channel measurement resources may be, for example, Non Zero Power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on interference measurement resources. Interference measurement resources may be at least one of the following: NZP CSI-RS resources for interference measurement, CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resources, etc. CSI-IM may also be called CSI-Interference Management (IM), and may be interpreted interchangeably with Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. In this disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0337] In this disclosure, the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 may be composed of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 220 and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0338] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may monitor a first synchronization signal block (SSB) (e.g., NB SSB) on a first carrier common to multiple terminals (e.g., a perch carrier).

[0339] The control unit 210 may determine at least one of the type of the second SSB, frequency resources, and time resources based on specific information indicated by the first SSB.

[0340] The control unit 210 may determine, based on the specific information, whether the type of the second SSB is an SSB with a bandwidth greater than the maximum bandwidth supported by the specific terminal (for example, a WB SSB).

[0341] The control unit 210 may determine the time resources of the second SSB based on the time resources of the first SSB and the time offset indicated by the specific information.

[0342] The control unit 210 may expect that the same type of SSB will be instructed as the second SSB for one or more carriers within the same band.

[0343] (Hardware Configuration) The block diagram used in the description of the above embodiment shows functional units. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or it may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wired or wireless connections). A functional block may also be realized by combining the above one device or the above multiple devices with software.

[0344] Here, functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, exploration, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating (mapping), and assigning. For example, a functional block (configuration part) that enables transmission may be called a transmitting unit or transmitter. In all cases, as mentioned above, the method of implementation is not particularly limited.

[0345] For example, a base station, user terminal, etc. in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that processes the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Figure 17 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. The base station 10 and user terminal 20 described above may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, memory 1002, storage 1003, communication device 1004, input device 1005, output device 1006, bus 1007, etc.

[0346] In this disclosure, terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, and unit are interchangeable. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may include one or more of the devices shown in the figure, or it may be configured without some of the devices.

[0347] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown in the diagram, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, the processing may be performed by one processor, or it may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, sequentially, or by other means. Note that the processor 1001 may be implemented using one or more chips.

[0348] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, which allows the processor 1001 to perform calculations and control communication via the communication device 1004, or control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0349] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer, for example, by running an operating system. The processor 1001 may be composed of a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic units, registers, etc. For example, at least a part of the control unit 110 (210) and the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) described above may be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0350] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes accordingly. The program used is one that causes the computer to execute at least a part of the operations described in the above embodiment. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and other functional blocks may be implemented similarly.

[0351] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, or main memory. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for carrying out a wireless communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0352] The storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a Compact Disk (Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a Digital Use Disk, a Blu-ray (registered trademark) disk), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, stick, key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. The storage 1003 may also be called an auxiliary storage device.

[0353] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting / receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network card, communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include, for example, a high-frequency switch, duplexer, filter, frequency synthesizer, etc., in order to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220), transmitting / receiving antenna 130 (230), etc., may be implemented by the communication device 1004. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) may be implemented with physically or logically separated transmitting unit 120a (220a) and receiving unit 120b (220b).

[0354] The input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from an external source (e.g., a keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). The output device 1006 is an output device that outputs to an external source (e.g., a display, speaker, light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.). The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be configured as an integrated unit (e.g., a touch panel).

[0355] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or different buses may be configured for each device.

[0356] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), and a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of each functional block may be implemented using such hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0357] Furthermore, devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NF) may also be implemented using the functional block / hardware configuration described above.

[0358] (Variations) Terms used in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, channel, symbol and signal (signal or signaling) may be used interchangeably. Also, a signal may be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS and may be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc., depending on the applicable standard. Also, a component carrier (CC) may be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0359] A wireless frame may consist of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of these periods (frames) constituting a wireless frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may consist of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0360] Here, the neurology may be communication parameters applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. The neurology may be, for example, at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, specific filtering processes performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processes performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0361] A slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols or Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols). Alternatively, a slot may be a time unit based on neurology.

[0362] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Minislots may also be called subslots. Minislots may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using minislots may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0363] Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols all represent units of time when transmitting a signal. Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols may each be referred to by different names. Furthermore, the units of time such as frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols in this disclosure may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0364] For example, one subframe may be called a TTI, multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, and one slot or one mini-slot may be called a TTI. In other words, at least one of a subframe and a TTI may be a subframe in existing LTE (1 ms), a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing a TTI may be called a slot, mini-slot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0365] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, the base station schedules each user terminal to allocate wireless resources (such as the frequency bandwidth and transmission power available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0366] TTI may be a transmission time unit for channel-encoded data packets (transport blocks), code blocks, code words, etc., or it may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., number of symbols) in which the transport block, code block, code word, etc. are mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0367] Furthermore, if one slot or one mini-slot is referred to as a TTI, then one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more mini-slots) may constitute the minimum time unit for scheduling. In addition, the number of slots (number of mini-slots) that constitute this minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0368] A TTI with a time length of 1 ms may be called a normal TTI, long TTI, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, mini slot, sub slot, slot, etc.

[0369] Furthermore, long TTIs (e.g., normal TTIs, subframes, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a time length exceeding 1 ms, and short TTIs (e.g., shortened TTIs, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a TTI length less than that of a long TTI but 1 ms or more.

[0370] A Resource Block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and in the frequency domain, it may contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be the same regardless of the neurology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be determined based on the neurology.

[0371] Furthermore, an RB may contain one or more symbols in the time domain and may have the length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc., may each consist of one or more resource blocks.

[0372] One or more RBs may also be called Physical RBs (PRBs), Sub-Carrier Groups (SCGs), Resource Element Groups (REGs), PRB pairs, RB pairs, etc.

[0373] Furthermore, a resource block may consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource area comprising one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0374] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), also known as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) for a given neurology in a given carrier. These common RBs may be identified by an index of the RBs relative to a common reference point of the carrier. The PRBs may be defined and numbered within a given BWP.

[0375] A BWP may include UL BWP (BWP for UL) and DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured within a single carrier for a UE.

[0376] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE does not need to assume that it will transmit or receive a predetermined signal / channel outside of the active BWP. In this disclosure, terms such as "cell" and "carrier" may be read as "BWP".

[0377] The structures of wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols described above are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a wireless frame, the number of slots per subframe or wireless frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, and the number of symbols, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length within the TTI can be varied in various ways.

[0378] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or corresponding other information. For example, wireless resources may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0379] The names used for parameters and other elements in this disclosure are not restrictive in any way. Furthermore, mathematical formulas and other elements using these parameters may differ from those expressly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name, and therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not restrictive in any way.

[0380] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of the various different techniques. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0381] Furthermore, information, signals, etc., can be output from upper layers to lower layers and from lower layers to upper layers, or to at least one of the two. Information, signals, etc., may also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0382] Input and output information and signals may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information and signals may be overwritten, updated, or appended to. Output information and signals may be deleted. Input information and signals may be transmitted to other devices.

[0383] Any information described in this disclosure (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) may be communicated from any first device (e.g., UE / base station) to any second device (e.g., base station / UE) that indicates / specifies (or relates to) the value of such any information, even if not specifically stated in the embodiments described above.

[0384] Information notification is not limited to the embodiments described herein and may be carried out by other means. For example, information notification in this disclosure may be carried out by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0385] Physical layer signaling may also be called Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signals), L1 control information (L1 control signals), etc. RRC signaling may also be called RRC messages, for example, RRC Connection Setup messages, RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages, etc. MAC signaling may also be communicated using, for example, MAC Control Elements (CEs).

[0386] Furthermore, notification of the specified information (for example, notification that "X is the case") is not limited to explicit notification, but may also be made implicitly (for example, by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0387] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a boolean value represented as true or false, or by a numerical comparison (for example, a comparison with a predetermined value).

[0388] Software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, and so on, whether they are called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or by any other name.

[0389] Furthermore, software, instructions, information, etc., may be transmitted and received via a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technology (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, or Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) and wireless technology (such as infrared or microwave), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included in the definition of a transmission medium.

[0390] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure may be used interchangeably. “Network” may also mean the equipment included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0391] In this disclosure, terms such as “precoding,” “precoder,” “weight (precoding weight),” “quasi-co-location (QCL),” “transmission configuration indication state (TCI state),” “spatial relation,” “spatial domain filter,” “transmit power,” “phase rotation,” “antenna port,” “layer,” “number of layers,” “rank,” “resource,” “resource set,” “beam,” “beam width,” “beam angle,” “antenna,” “antenna element,” “panel,” “UE panel,” “transmitting entity,” and “receiving entity” may be used interchangeably.

[0392] In this disclosure, "antenna port" may be interpreted interchangeably with "antenna port for any signal / channel" (e.g., a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port). In this disclosure, "resource" may be interpreted interchangeably with "resource for any signal / channel" (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). Resources may include time / frequency / code / spatial / power resources. Furthermore, a spatial domain transmit filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmit filter and a spatial domain receive filter.

[0393] The above group may include, for example, at least one of the following: a spatial relationship group, a code division multiplexing (CDM) group, a reference signal (RS) group, a control resource set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, or a panel group.

[0394] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), and RS may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0395] Furthermore, in this disclosure, TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0396] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) properties," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0397] In this disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, subset may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0398] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information Identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. "Spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive as "a set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)," "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information," etc. TCI state and TCI may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. Spatial relationship information and spatial relationship may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0399] In this disclosure, terms such as “Base Station (BS),” “wireless base station,” “fixed station,” “NodeB,” “eNB (eNodeB),” “gNB (gNodeB),” “access point,” “Transmission Point (TP),” “Reception Point (RP),” “Transmission / Reception Point (TRP),” “panel,” “cell,” “sector,” “cell group,” “carrier,” and “component carrier” may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0400] A base station may house one or more (e.g., three) cells. If a base station houses multiple cells, the entire coverage area of ​​the base station may be divided into several smaller areas, each of which may also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms “cell” or “sector” refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and / or base station subsystems that provide communication services in that coverage.

[0401] In this disclosure, the transmission of information by a base station to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to perform a control / operation based on said information.

[0402] In this disclosure, terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," and "terminal" may be used interchangeably.

[0403] A mobile station may also be called a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other appropriate term.

[0404] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may also be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0405] The term "mobile object" refers to any movable object, regardless of its speed, and naturally includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of such mobile objects include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and items carried on them. Furthermore, such mobile objects may be autonomously driven objects operating based on operational commands.

[0406] The mobile entity may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane), an unmanned mobile entity (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0407] Figure 18 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, a rotation speed sensor 51, a pneumatic pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0408] The drive unit 41 consists of, for example, at least one of an engine, a motor, or an engine-motor hybrid. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0409] The electronic control unit 49 consists of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and communication ports (e.g., input / output (IO) ports) 63. Signals from various sensors 50-58 installed in the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 49. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0410] Signals from various sensors 50-58 include current signals from current sensor 50 for sensing motor current, rotational speed signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by rotational speed sensor 51, air pressure signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by air pressure sensor 52, vehicle speed signals acquired by vehicle speed sensor 53, acceleration signals acquired by acceleration sensor 54, accelerator pedal depression amount signals acquired by accelerator pedal sensor 55, brake pedal depression amount signals acquired by brake pedal sensor 56, operation signals of shift lever 45 acquired by shift lever sensor 57, and detection signals acquired by object detection sensor 58 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0411] The information service unit 59 consists of various devices for providing (outputting) various types of information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, including a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, display, television, and radio, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via a communication module 60 or the like to provide various types of information / services (for example, multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0412] The information service unit 59 may include input devices that accept input from the outside (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) or output devices that perform output to the outside (e.g., display, speaker, LED lamp, touch panel, etc.).

[0413] The driver assistance system unit 64 consists of various devices that provide functions to prevent accidents or reduce the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Inertial Navigation System (INS)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driver assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driver assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0414] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 sends and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle 40.

[0415] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with external devices. For example, it can send and receive various types of information to and from external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Alternatively, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 (it may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0416] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of the following to an external device via wireless communication: signals from the various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on said signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 59. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc., may also be called input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include the information based on the above input.

[0417] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, inter-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on the information service unit 59 installed in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit, which outputs information (for example, it outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 60).

[0418] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, various sensors 50-58, etc., which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0419] Furthermore, the term "base station" in this disclosure may be interpreted as "user terminal." For example, the various aspects / embodiments of this disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Also, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be interpreted as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., may be interpreted as sidelink channel.

[0420] Similarly, the term "user terminal" in this disclosure may be replaced with "base station." In this case, the base station 10 may be configured to have the same functions as the user terminal 20 described above.

[0421] In this disclosure, operations performed by a base station may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. In a network including one or more network nodes having base stations, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with terminals may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (for example, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving Gateway (S-GW), etc., but not limited to these), or a combination thereof.

[0422] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used individually, in combination, or switched between as needed during execution. Furthermore, the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc., of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be rearranged in order, provided they are consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present various step elements using exemplary order and are not limited to the specific order presented.

[0423] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure is Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (where x is, for example, an integer or decimal)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM®), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi®), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX®), IEEE 802.20, systems utilizing Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth®, or other appropriate wireless communication methods, and next-generation systems extended, modified, created, or defined based thereon may also be applied. Furthermore, multiple systems may be applied in combination (for example, a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0424] In this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based solely on" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based solely on" and "based at least on."

[0425] Any reference to elements using the designations “first,” “second,” etc., as used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient way to distinguish between two or more elements. Accordingly, the references to the first and second elements do not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in any way.

[0426] The term “determining” as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may be considered to mean judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, or inquiring (e.g., searching in tables, databases, or other data structures), ascertaining, etc.

[0427] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" may be considered as "judging (deciding)" things like receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory).

[0428] Furthermore, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of some action. In this disclosure, “judgment (decision)” may be interpreted as mutually interchangeable with the actions described above.

[0429] Furthermore, in this disclosure, “determine / determining” may be interpreted as “assume / assuming,” “expect / expecting,” or “consider / considering.” In addition, in this disclosure, “not expecting to do…” may be interpreted as “expecting not to do….”

[0430] In this disclosure, "expect" may be rephrased as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." (where "..." may be expressed as a that clause, an infinitive, etc.) may be rephrased as "be expected ..." or "do (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Similarly, "does not expect ..." may be rephrased as "be not expected ..." or "do not (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be rephrased as "An apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0431] The "maximum transmit power" described in the present disclosure may mean the maximum value of the transmit power, or may mean the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or may mean the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0432] As used in the present disclosure, the terms "connected" and "coupled", or any variations thereof, mean any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "accessed".

[0433] In the present disclosure, when two elements are connected, they can be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more electric wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., and also using electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency region, microwave region, optical (both visible and invisible) region, etc., as some non-limiting and non-inclusive examples.

[0434] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean that "A and B are different from each other". Note that the term may also mean that "A and B are each different from C". Terms such as "separate", "coupled", etc. may also be interpreted in the same way as "different".

[0435] In the present disclosure, when the terms "include", "including" and their variations are used, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising". Furthermore, the term "or" used in the present disclosure is not intended to be an exclusive disjunction.

[0436] In this disclosure, if articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, this disclosure may include the fact that the noun following these articles is plural.

[0437] In this disclosure, "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than or equal to," "more than," and "equal to" may be interpreted interchangeably. In addition, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees. In addition, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees, by adding "i-th" (where i is any integer) to the expression (for example, "highest" may be interpreted interchangeably with "i-th highest").

[0438] In this disclosure, "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," and "associated with" may be interpreted as being interchangeable.

[0439] In the present disclosure, expressions such as "when A, B", "if A, (then) B", "B upon A", "B in response to A", "B based on A", "B during / while A", "B before A", "B at (the same time as) / on A", "B after A", "B since A", "B until A", etc. may be read interchangeably with each other. Here, A, B, etc. may be appropriately replaced with suitable expressions such as nouns, gerunds, normal sentences, etc. according to the context. The time difference between A and B may be approximately 0 (immediately before or after). Also, a time offset may be applied to the time when A occurs. For example, "A" may be read interchangeably with "before / after the time offset when A occurs". The time offset (e.g., one or more symbols / slots) may be predefined or may be specified by the UE based on the notified information.

[0440] In the present disclosure, timing, time, hour, time instance, any time unit (e.g., slot, sub-slot, symbol, sub-frame), period, occasion, resource, etc. may be read interchangeably with each other.

[0441] As described above, the invention according to the present disclosure has been described in detail. However, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the invention according to the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure. The description of the present disclosure is for illustrative purposes and does not impose any limiting meaning on the invention according to the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A terminal having a receiving unit that monitors a first synchronization signal block (SSB) in a first carrier common to multiple terminals, and a control unit that determines at least one of the type, frequency resources, and time resources of a second SSB based on specific information indicated by the first SSB.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit determines, based on the specific information, whether the type of the second SSB is an SSB having a bandwidth greater than the maximum bandwidth supported by the specific terminal.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit determines the time resource of the second SSB based on the time resource of the first SSB and the time offset indicated by the specific information.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit expects that the same type of SSB will be instructed as the second SSB for one or more carriers in the same band.

5. A wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising the steps of: monitoring a first synchronization signal block (SSB) in a first carrier common to multiple terminals; and determining at least one of the type, frequency resources, and time resources of a second SSB based on specific information indicated by the first SSB.

6. A base station having a transmitting unit that transmits a first synchronization signal block (SSB) on a first carrier common to multiple terminals, and a control unit that uses specific information indicated by the first SSB to indicate at least one of the type, frequency resources, and time resources of a second SSB.

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