Integrated wearable systems for real-time neck posture monitoring and athletic training across multi-sport domains

Abstract

The present disclosure generally relates to an integrated wearable system for real-time neck posture monitoring and / or athletic training. The system may comprise a wearable article. The wearable article may comprise one or more sensors and one or more visual and / or auditory and / or haptic indicators in wireless and / or electrical communication with the one more sensors. The one or more sensors may be configured to provide a three-dimensional initial position and a three-dimensional secondary position relative to the wearable article. Upon reaching a threshold difference along at least one axis between the secondary position and the initial position, at least one sensor may send a signal to the one or more visual and / or auditory and / or haptic indicators, thereby generating a visual and / or auditory and / or haptic signal to indicate to the subject to change position.

Description

[0001] INTEGRATED WEARABLE SYSTEMS FOR REAL-TIME NECK POSTURE MONITORING AND ATHLETIC TRAINING ACROSS MULTI-SPORT DOMAINS RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 63 / 750,828, filed January 29, 2025, and entitled “Enhanced Safety Training System for Tackling in Contact Sports - The visor can be attached to any standard football helmet,” and to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 63 / 849,443, filed July 23, 2025, and entitled “INTEGRATED WEARABLE SYSTEM FOR REAL-TIME NECK POSTURE MONITORING AND ATHLETIC TRAINING ACROSS MULTLSPORT DOMAINS,” each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes.

[0003] FIELD

[0004] The present disclosure generally relates to integrated wearable systems for real-time neck posture monitoring and / or athletic training, e.g., across multi-sport domains.

[0005] BACKGROUND

[0006] Concussions and neck injuries are prevalent in contact sports, often due to improper tackling techniques. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (C112DC), sports-related concussions account for an estimated 3.8 million injuries annually in the United States. Studies, such as those conducted by Stanford University’s Sports Medicine Division, highlight that improper head positioning during impact is a significant factor in these injuries.

[0007] Current training products largely focus on data collection rather than teaching fundamental skills to reduce injury risks, particularly concerning head positioning. Studies from journals like The Journal of Athletic Training emphasize that maintaining a neutral neck posture, with ears aligned with the shoulders, minimizes energy transfer to the brain during impact, thereby lowering concussion risk.

[0008] Accordingly, improved systems, articles and methods are needed.

[0009] #14836725vlSUMMARY

[0010] The present disclosure generally relates to integrated wearable systems for real-time neck posture monitoring and / or athletic training.

[0011] In one aspect, systems are provided.

[0012] In some embodiments, the system comprises a wearable article, the wearable article comprising one or more sensors and one or more visual and / or auditory and / or haptic indicators in wireless and / or electrical communication with the one or more sensors, the one or more sensors configured to provide a three-dimensional initial position and a three-dimensional secondary position relative to the initial position of the wearable article, wherein, upon reaching a threshold difference along at least one axis between the secondary position and the initial position, at least one sensor sends a signal to the one or more visual and / or auditory and / or haptic indicators, thereby generating a visual and / or auditory and / or haptic signal to indicate to the user to change position.

[0013] In another aspect, training methods are provided.

[0014] In some embodiments, the training method comprises: fitting a user with a wearable article, the wearable article comprising one or more sensors and one or more visual and / or auditory and / or haptic indicators in wireless and / or electrical communication with the one or more sensors; detecting, using the one or more sensors, a three-dimensional initial position of the user’s head; detecting, upon movement by the user, a three-dimensional secondary position of the user; and, upon reaching a threshold difference along at least one axis between the secondary position and the initial position, providing a visual and / or auditory and / or haptic indicator to the user, thereby training the user as to the need to reposition the user’s head.

[0015] Other advantages and novel features of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description of various non-limiting embodiments of the disclosure when considered in conjunction with the accompanying figures. In cases where the present specification and a document incorporated by reference include conflicting and / or inconsistent disclosure, the present specification shall control.

[0016] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Non-limiting embodiments of the present disclosure will be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying figures, which are schematic and are not

[0018] #14836725vlintended to be drawn to scale. In the figures, each identical or nearly identical component illustrated is typically represented by a single numeral. For purposes of clarity, not every component is labeled in every figure, nor is every component of each embodiment of the disclosure shown where illustration is not necessary to allow those of ordinary skill in the art to understand the disclosure. In the figures:

[0019] FIG. 1 illustrates a non-limiting example of a suitable computing system environment 1100 on which aspects of the disclosure may be implemented, according to certain embodiments;

[0020] FIG. 2 depicts a non-limiting illustrative schematic diagram of a system 200 described herein, according to certain embodiments; and

[0021] FIG. 3 presents a non-limiting illustrative flow diagram of a training method 300, according to certain embodiments.

[0022] DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present disclosure generally relates to integrated wearable systems for real-time neck posture monitoring and / or athletic training. In some embodiments, the system comprises a wearable article. In some embodiments, the wearable article comprises one or more sensors and one or more visual and / or auditory and / or haptic indicators in wireless and / or electrical communication with the one more sensors. In some embodiments, the one or more sensors are configured to provide a three-dimensional initial position and a three-dimensional secondary position relative to the initial position of the wearable article. In some embodiments, upon reaching a threshold difference along at least one axis between the secondary position and the initial position, at least one sensor sends a signal to the one or more visual and / or auditory and / or haptic indicators, thereby generating a visual and / or auditory and / or haptic signal to indicate to the subject to change position.

[0024] In some embodiments, a training method is provided. In some embodiments, the training method comprises fitting a subject with a wearable article. In some embodiments, the wearable article comprises one or more sensors and one or more visual and / or auditory and / or haptic indicators in wireless and / or electrical communication with the one more sensors. In some embodiments, the method comprises detecting, using the one or more sensors, a three-dimensional initial position of the subject’s head. In some embodiments, the method comprises detecting, upon movement by the subject, a three-dimensional secondary position

[0025] #14836725vlof the subject. In some embodiments, upon reaching a threshold difference along at least one axis between the secondary position and the initial position, the wearable article provides a visual and / or auditory and / or haptic indicator to the subject, thereby training the subject as to the need to reposition the subject’s head. In some embodiments, the at least one axis relates to the pitch of the subject’s head.

[0026] A non-limiting illustrative flow diagram of a training method 300 is presented in FIG.

[0027] 3. Training method 300 comprises: at step 302, fitting a user with a wearable article described herein. For example, in some embodiments the wearable article comprises: one or more sensors; and one or more visual and / or auditory and / or haptic indicators in wireless and / or electrical communication with the one or more sensors. Training method 300 further comprises: at step 304, detecting, using the one or more sensors, a three-dimensional initial position of the user’s head. Training method 300 further comprises: at step 306, detecting, upon movement by the user, a three-dimensional secondary position of the user. Training method 300 further comprises: at step 308, upon reaching a threshold difference along at least one axis between the secondary position and the initial position, providing a visual and / or auditory and / or haptic indicator to the user, thereby training the user as to the need to reposition the user’s head. Additional method steps are also possible.

[0028] In some embodiments, a threshold difference along at least one axis between the secondary position and the initial position may be sufficiently low such that an indicator of the threshold difference being reached may prevent injury in the user. For example, in some embodiments, the threshold difference along at least one axis may be (e.g., rotationally) greater than or equal to 1%, greater than or equal to 5%, greater than or equal to 10%, greater than or equal to 15%, greater than or equal to 20%, greater than or equal to 25%, or greater than or equal to 30%. In some embodiments, the threshold difference may be less than or equal to 50%, less than or equal to 40%, less than or equal to 30%, less than or equal to 20%, less than or equal to 10%, or less than or equal to 5%. Combinations of the above-referenced ranges are also possible (e.g., greater than or equal to 1% and less than or equal to 50%). Other ranges are also possible.

[0029] In some embodiments, the threshold difference along at least one axis between the secondary position and the initial position may be rotationally greater than or equal to 1 degree, greater than or equal to 5 degrees, greater than or equal to 10 degrees, greater than or equal to 15 degrees, greater than or equal to 20 degrees, greater than or equal to 25 degrees,

[0030] #14836725vlor greater than or equal to 30 degrees, greater than or equal to 45 degrees, greater than or equal to 60°, greater than or equal to 75 degrees, greater than or equal to 90 degrees, greater than or equal to 120 degrees, greater than or equal to 150 degrees, or greater than or equal to 175 degrees. In some embodiments, the threshold difference rotationally is less than or equal to 180 degrees, less than or equal to 150 degrees, less than or equal to 120 degrees, less than or equal to 90 degrees, less than or equal to 75 degrees, less than or equal to 60 degrees, less than or equal to 45 degrees, less than or equal to 30 degrees, less than or equal to 20 degrees, less than or equal to 10 degrees, or less than or equal to 5 degrees. Combinations of the above-referenced ranges are possible (e.g., greater than or equal to 1 degree and less than or equal to 180 degrees). Other ranges are also possible.

[0031] A “subject” refers to any animal such as a mammal (e.g., a human). Non-limiting examples of subjects include a human, a non-human primate, a cow, a horse, a pig, a sheep, a goat, a dog, a bird, a fish, a cat, or a rodent such as a mouse, a rat, a hamster, or a guinea pig. Generally, the disclosure is directed toward use with humans. In some embodiments, a subject may demonstrate health benefits, e.g., upon use of a wearable article and / or method as described herein.

[0032] In some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to sports safety equipment, specifically a training system designed to teach proper tackling techniques in contact sports, such as American football, to reduce the risk of concussions and neck injuries. Research has demonstrated that slight variations in head and neck angles can significantly impact injury likelihood during contact, highlighting the need for improved training systems focused on correct head positioning to mitigate injury risks.

[0033] Concussions and neck injuries are prevalent in contact sports, often due to improper tackling techniques. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), sports-related concussions account for an estimated 3.8 million injuries annually in the United States. Studies, such as those conducted by Stanford University’s Sports Medicine Division, highlight that improper head positioning during impact is a significant factor in these injuries. Current training products largely focus on data collection rather than teaching fundamental skills to reduce injury risks, particularly concerning head positioning. Studies show that maintaining a neutral neck posture, with ears aligned with the shoulders, minimizes energy transfer to the brain during impact, thereby lowering concussion risk. Consequently, a

[0034] #14836725vlneed exists for a training system that not only monitors but also actively signals the need for correcting head positioning in real time to help athletes develop safer habits.

[0035] By teaching athletes to tackle with their heads properly aligned and within safe ranges, certain systems provided herein aim to reduce injuries and improve safety standards in contact sports.

[0036] In some embodiments, the disclosure comprises the integration of motion feedback for neck positioning, real-time alignment enforcement, and rehabilitation tracking.

[0037] In some embodiments, the system and methods described herein comprises adaptive sport- specific feedback modes, progressive neck-training regimens, and / or can be deployed using sport- appropriate attachments (e.g., visor insert, elastic headband, helmet bracket, or under-cap).

[0038] In some embodiments, systems are provided that integrate a lightweight, headmounted sensor device utilizing gyroscopes and digital compasses to monitor pitch, yaw, and / or roll of the user’s head. In some embodiments, gyroscopic and compass-based 3-axis tracking (e.g., pitch / yaw / roll) is a feature of the system.

[0039] In some embodiments, pitch may be determined relative to the ground or gravity but may also be relative to any arbitrary initial orientation, e.g., relative to the initial orientation of the user. For example, the initial orientation of the user may be 10 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees, or any initial orientation relative to gravity. The initial position or orientation may be relative to the ground or gravity, or relative to the user’s initial position or orientation, or arbitrary. There may be multiple sensors in use, each of which may record different initial conditions at the same time as one another.

[0040] In some embodiments, in response, for example, to when an athlete’s head deviates from a sport- specific optimal zone, the device may provide visual, auditory, and / or haptic feedback in real time. In certain embodiments, real-time deviation detection from a preset alignment zone may result in immediate feedback via, e.g., light, audible tone, and / or vibration.

[0041] In some embodiments, this system may be, e.g., embedded in a football visor, capmounted, helmet-mounted, or attached with a headband depending on sport context.

[0042] In some embodiments, the training platform associated with the systems and methods described herein is designed for solo users, team athletes, and rehabilitation patients.

[0043] Coaches, trainers, and clinicians may also access athlete dashboards in certain embodiments

[0044] #14836725vlto monitor compliance and improvement. In some embodiments, the systems and methods disclosed herein may be applied for use with children as well.

[0045] In some embodiments, the system comprises a wearable article. In some embodiments, the wearable article comprises a training attachment system comprising a sensor-equipped visor. In some embodiments, the wearable article comprises a visor with one or more integrated sensors.

[0046] In certain embodiments, the system, when in use, and / or method, may train the position of and / or strengthen a non-dominator (minor) muscle of the user’s head and / or neck.

[0047] In some embodiments, the three-dimensional initial position of the system is adjustable. In some embodiments, the three-dimensional initial position is adjustable to a position on impact between the user and another animal or object. In some embodiments, upon physical impact of the user, the system, when in use, and / or method records at least the three-dimensional secondary position of the user’s head. In some embodiments, the three-dimensional secondary position may include one or more of the degree of pitch, tilt, yaw, roll, twist, and turn of the user’s head.

[0048] In some embodiments, the system monitors the pitch of the user’s head and / or neck. In the context of human head and neck movement, pitch refers to up-and-down movement, like looking up (extension) or down (flexion). In swimming, for example, head pitch is an important aspect of body positioning, affecting drag and efficiency. A human head can typically move forward in flexion by about 80 to 90 degrees. A human head can typically move backward in extension by about 70 degrees. In some embodiments, e.g., in American football, the system alerts the user when their flexion is greater than or equal to 10 degrees, greater than or equal to 20 degrees, or greater than or equal to 30 degrees. In some embodiments, e.g., in American football, the system alerts the user when their extension is greater than or equal to 5 degrees, greater than or equal to 10 degrees, greater than or equal to 15 degrees, greater than or equal to 20 degrees, greater than or equal to 25 degrees, or greater than or equal to 30 degrees. Other ranges are also possible.

[0049] In some embodiments, the system monitors the yaw of the user’s head and / or neck. Yaw, in the context of head or neck movement, generally refers to the rotation of a human head around a vertical axis, essentially turning the head from side to side, like shaking one’s head "no" in the United States. The average range of motion for active head and neck yaw (rotation) in healthy young adults is generally approximately 80 degrees to each side. While

[0050] #14836725vlspecific degrees of yaw are not typically defined as "safe" or "unsafe" in general American football safety guidelines, in certain embodiments, the objective is to minimize rotational forces on the head and neck during tackling to reduce the risk of injuries like stingers, concussions, and cervical spine fractures. In some embodiments, e.g., in American football, the system alerts the user when their yaw is greater than or equal to 5 degrees, greater than or equal to 10 degrees, greater than or equal to 15 degrees, greater than or equal to 20 degrees, greater than or equal to 25 degrees, or greater than or equal to 30 degrees to either side. Other ranges are also possible.

[0051] In some embodiments, the system monitors the roll of the user’s head and / or neck. In head and neck movement, roll generally refers to the rotation of the head of a human around the longitudinal axis (front to back), causing the ear to move towards the shoulder. This is generally a side-to-side tilting motion. Roll generally represents lateral flexion or side bending (ear to shoulder). Normal lateral flexion of a human head is generally approximately 45 degrees to each side. In some embodiments, e.g., in American football, the system alerts the user when their roll is greater than or equal to 5 degrees, greater than or equal to 10 degrees, greater than or equal to 15 degrees, greater than or equal to 20 degrees, greater than or equal to 25 degrees, or greater than or equal to 30 degrees to either side. Other ranges are also possible.

[0052] In some embodiments, the visual indicator comprises one or more lights. In some embodiments, the visual indicator comprises one or more light emitting diode (LED) lights. The visual indicator may present as a red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and / or purple light. The visual indicator may present as a continuous light or a flashing light.

[0053] In some embodiments, the one or more sensors and one or more visual and / or auditory and / or haptic indicators are in wireless communication. In some embodiments, the wearable article may further comprise one or more wireless communication components (e.g., WiFi, Bluetooth). In some embodiments, the one or more visual and / or auditory and / or haptic indicators are associated with a consumer electronic device. In some embodiments, the one or more visual and / or auditory and / or haptic indicators may be associated with a cellular phone.

[0054] In some embodiments, an indicator, which could be on a wireless device, can be toggled to adjust the duration of the indicator, and / or to adjust the type of signal (e.g., visual

[0055] #14836725vland / or auditory and / or haptic). In certain embodiments, the indicator can be sustained such that onlookers are alerted that there was an injury, not just the user.

[0056] In some embodiments, the wearable article comprises one or more sensors (e.g., a temperature sensor, a motion sensor, an accelerometer, a physiological / biometric sensor (e.g., heart rate, electrical activity, neuronal activity)). In some embodiments, the wearable article further comprises one or more of an accelerometer, compass, and gyroscope. For example, the device may comprise an accelerometer. In some embodiments, the device comprises a gyroscope. In some embodiments, the device comprises a magnetometer. In some embodiments, signals from these sensors may be configured to provide information regarding the orientation and / or spatial position of the device.

[0057] In some embodiments, the system may further comprise a means for attaching the wearable article to a helmet and / or visor.

[0058] In some embodiments, the system may further comprise a power source in electrical communication with the one or more sensors and / or the one or more visual and / or auditory and / or haptic indicators. The power source may include any appropriate material(s), such as one or more batteries, photovoltaic cells, etc. Non-limiting examples of suitable batteries include Li-polymer (e.g., with between 100 and 1000 mAh of battery life), Li-ion, nickel cadmium, nickel metal hydride, silver oxide, or the like.

[0059] Any electronic component circuitry may be implemented by any suitable type of analog and / or digital circuitry. For example, the electronic component circuitry may be implemented using hardware or a combination of hardware and software. When implemented using software, suitable software code can be executed on any suitable processor (e.g., a microprocessor) or collection of processors. The one or more electronic components can be implemented in numerous ways, such as with dedicated hardware, or with general purpose hardware (e.g., one or more processors) that is programmed using microcode or software to perform the functions recited above.

[0060] In this respect, it should be appreciated that one implementation of the embodiments described herein comprises at least one computer-readable storage medium (e.g., RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, or other tangible, non-transitory computer-readable storage medium) encoded with a computer program (i.e., a plurality of executable instructions) that, when executed on one or more processors, performs the above-discussed functions of one or more embodiments. In addition, it should be

[0061] #14836725vlappreciated that the reference to a computer program which, when executed, performs any of the above-discussed functions, is not limited to an application program running on a host computer. Rather, the terms computer program and software are used herein in a generic sense to reference any type of computer code (e.g., application software, firmware, microcode, or any other form of computer instruction) that can be employed to program one or more processors to implement aspects of the techniques discussed herein.

[0062] In some embodiments, one of the one or more sensors is a proximity sensor to detect the presence of nearby objects without any physical contact. The proximity sensor may issue one or more indicators of closeness to another object, to the user, and may facilitate the user to prevent contact. In some embodiments, upon the proximity sensor issuing one or more indicators of closeness to another object, to the user, this may prompt the user to orient their body in a safe way for impact.

[0063] In some embodiments, the wearable article comprises an integrated application (app) capable of running on computers, smartphones, or other electronic devices. In some embodiments, the integrated app may be configured to track head positioning, impact force, and overall performance, providing athletes and coaches with actionable data. In some embodiments, the integrated app may serve as a command center for monitoring, analyzing, and improving user performance.

[0064] In some embodiments, the integrated app may provide real-time feedback, for example: may display head angles, G-force data, and performance grades in an easy-to-read format; and / or may provide actionable insights to athletes and coaches during live training sessions.

[0065] In some embodiments, the integrated app may provide performance analytics, for example: may track long-term progress, highlighting improvements and areas requiring further focus; and / or may generate real time detailed reports with metrics such as average head angle, impact force distribution, and compliance rates.

[0066] The integrated app may provide customization, e.g., may allow users to adjust sensor sensitivity and feedback thresholds to align with specific training objectives, in some embodiments.

[0067] In certain embodiments, an illustrative companion app (e.g., mobile app) facilitates, for example: custom sport-specific training modes (e.g., swing mode, tackle mode, neutral spine mode); visual dashboards for postural data and movement tracking; progressive neck-

[0068] #14836725vlstrengthening regimens with sensor-verified compliance; real-time alerts during training and competitive movement; a structured neck training regimen with scheduled exercises, tracked via the app; compliance verification tools that ensure individuals are completing assigned exercises correctly using sensor data; and / or technique validation features that identify if the head and neck remained in proper position throughout the exercise repetition.

[0069] Additional app features, such as video playback for tackle review, may further improve training effectiveness, in some embodiments

[0070] In some embodiments, the system is configured to provide real-time feedback on head positioning and tackle execution to reduce the risks of concussions and neck injuries. The wearable article may be designed to teach proper tackling techniques by providing immediate and actionable feedback, in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the wearable article is configured to detect user head angles and is configured to illuminate to indicate proper positioning. For example, a green light may signal correct form, while a red light may warn of incorrect positioning. Alternatively, e.g., for a red-green colorblind user, a single brief illumination or no illumination may signal correct form, while a repeated blinking illumination or a single continuous illumination respectively may warn of incorrect positioning.

[0071] In some embodiments, the wearable article is equipped with an advanced gyroscope and accelerometer capable of detecting head angles between -30° and +30° relative to the neutral position. In some embodiments, the wearable article is equipped with an advanced gyroscope and accelerometer capable of detecting head angles between -25° and +25°, between -20° and +20°, between -15° and +15°, between -10° and +10°, and / or between -5° and +5° relative to the neutral position. This range may ensure precise monitoring during various tackling motions, in some embodiments. In some embodiments, an illuminating feedback mechanism may be configured such that, for example, a green light or a single brief illumination illuminates or no illumination results when the user’s head is within the optimal angle range (0° to +15°), signaling proper form. In some embodiments, the illuminating feedback mechanism may be configured such that, for example, a red light or a repeated blinking illumination or a single continuous illumination, respectively, activates when the user’s head angle falls outside of the safe range, warning the athlete to adjust their positioning. In some embodiments, an auditory feedback mechanism may be configured such that, for example, a beeping sound and / or haptic feedback accompanies the red light or the

[0072] #14836725vlrepeated blinking illumination or the single continuous illumination for immediate correction without requiring visual confirmation.

[0073] In certain embodiments, when a contact or impact occurs in the incorrect position, and the user corrects their position during the contact or impact, the auditory and / or visual and / or haptic feedback ceases, e.g., the sound ceases and / or the light turns off. In certain embodiments, after an impact in the wrong position, even if the user corrects their position, the auditory and / or visual and / or haptic feedback continues.

[0074] In some embodiments, the wearable article may be equipped to include G-force measurement and to provide auditory and / or haptic alerts for excessive impact forces. In some embodiments, integrated sensors in the wearable article may be configured to measure the impact force (e.g., in pounds per square inch (PSI) or Pascals (Pa)) during tackles. In some embodiments, excessive G-forces may trigger an alert to highlight potential risks of injury. In some embodiments, coaches can set specific G-force thresholds based on age, skill level, and sport to tailor safety levels.

[0075] A non-limiting illustrative schematic diagram of a system 200 described herein is presented in FIG. 2. System 200 comprises: a wearable article 202, wearable article 202 comprising: one or more sensors 204; and one or more visual and / or auditory and / or haptic indicators 206 in wireless and / or electrical communication with the one or more sensors 204. In some embodiments, the one or more sensors 204 are configured to provide a three-dimensional initial position and a three-dimensional secondary position relative to the initial position of wearable article 202. In some embodiments, upon reaching a threshold difference along at least one axis between the secondary position and the initial position, at least one sensor 204 sends a signal to the one or more visual and / or auditory and / or haptic indicators 206, thereby generating a visual and / or auditory and / or haptic signal to indicate to the user to change position. While FIG. 2 depicts a wearable article 202 in the general shape of a helmet, comprising sensor 204 and indicator 206, those of ordinary skill in the art would understand based upon the teachings of this specification that other wearables (e.g., safety pads, visors, hats, headbands, swim caps, padded headgear, ear guards) are also possible.

[0076] In some embodiments, the wearable article is equipped with a neck strengthening regimen. In some embodiments, a neck strengthening regimen may be a structured regimen to improve neck muscle strength and flexibility, reducing the risk of concussions and neck

[0077] #14836725vlinjuries. In some embodiments, this neck strengthening regimen may be accessible in the integrated app.

[0078] In some embodiments, a neck strengthening regimen may comprise on a particular day one or more of the following exercises: a neck flexion isometric hold, a neck extension isometric hold, a neck rotation, and a neck side flexion. Each exercise may be carried out in at least one set, at least two sets, or at least three sets, in some embodiments. In some embodiments, each exercise may be carried out in at most 6 sets, at most 5 sets, or at most 4 sets. Combinations of the above-referenced ranges are also possible (e.g., 1-6 sets, 2-4 sets). Other ranges are also possible.

[0079] In some embodiments, for neck rotations and neck side flexions, each set may include at least 2 repetitions each side, at least 4 repetitions each side, at least 6 repetitions each side, or at least 8 repetitions each side. In some embodiments, for neck rotations and neck side flexions, each set may include at most 30 repetitions each side, at most 25 repetitions each side, at most 20 repetitions each side, at most 15 repetitions each side, or at most 10 repetitions each side. Combinations of the above-referenced ranges are also possible (e.g., 2-30 repetitions each side, 8-10 repetitions each side). Other ranges are also possible.

[0080] In some embodiments, each repetition of each set of an isometric hold may involve holding for at least 2 seconds, at least 3 seconds, at least 4 seconds, at least 5 seconds, at least 6 seconds, at least 7 seconds, at least 8 seconds, at least 10 seconds, or at least 12 seconds. In some embodiments, each repetition of each set of an isometric hold may involve holding for at most 20 seconds, at most 15 seconds, at most 10 seconds, or at most 8 seconds.

[0081] Combinations of the above-referenced ranges are also possible (e.g., 6-8 seconds hold, 8-10 seconds hold, 12-15 seconds hold). Other ranges are also possible.

[0082] In some embodiments the neck strengthening regimen is carried out with the wearable article equipped with the regimen. In some embodiments, sensors may determine the head and / or neck positioning of the user during the neck strengthening regimen, and based on the sensor’s data, the wearable article may provide feedback to the user in the form of light, audible tone, and / or vibration to indicate that the user alter their movement to improve user performance and / or safety.

[0083] A non-limiting example of the neck strengthening regimen is as follows.

[0084] In this non-limiting example: Weeks 1 and 2 establish the basics. Days 1 and 2 involve: Neck Flexion Isometric Hold (Stomach Position), 3 sets of 6-8 seconds holds; Neck

[0085] #14836725vlExtension Isometric Hold (Back Position), 3 sets of 6-8 seconds holds; and Neck Rotations, 2 sets of 10 repetitions each side. Days 3 and 4 involve: Neck Side Flexion, 2 sets of 10 repetitions each side; Neck Flexion Isometric Hold (Stomach Position), 3 sets of 8-10 seconds holds; and Neck Extension Isometric Hold (Back Position), 3 sets of 8-10 seconds holds.

[0086] In this non-limiting example: Weeks 3 and 4 progress the intensity. Days 1 and 2 involve: Neck Flexion Isometric Hold (Stomach Position), 3 sets of 10-12 seconds holds; Neck Extension Isometric Hold (Back Position), 3 sets of 10-12 seconds holds; and Neck Rotations, 3 sets of 10 repetitions each side. Days 3 and 4 involve: Neck Side Flexion, 3 sets of 10 repetitions each side; Neck Flexion Isometric Hold (Stomach Position), 3 sets of 12-15 seconds holds; and Neck Extension Isometric Hold (Back Position), 3 sets of 12-15 seconds holds.

[0087] In this non-limiting example: The final stage is weeks 5 and 6. Days 1 and 2 involve: Neck Flexion, 3 sets of 25 repetitions; Neck Extension, 3 sets of 25 repetitions; and Neck Rotations, 3 sets of 25 repetitions each side. Days 3 and 4 involve: Neck Side Flexion, 3 sets of 25 repetitions each side; Neck Flexion, 3 sets of 25 repetitions; and Neck Extension, 3 sets of 25 repetitions.

[0088] This illustrative 15-minute regimen is designed to progressively challenge user’s neck muscles. In some embodiments, pace and repetitions may be adjusted as necessary to ensure proper form and comfort. General Guidelines for the non-limiting example of a neck strengthening regimen, and for at least some other neck strengthening regimens, include but are not limited to: warm up neck muscles before starting exercises; perform the regimen 3-4 times a week with rest days in between; prioritize proper form and technique to avoid strain; listen to the user’s body; and / or halt if user experiences discomfort or pain and seek professional guidance.

[0089] As would be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art, various of the exemplary neck strengthening regimens are possible and may include any suitable number of sets, frequency, positioning, and / or duration of neck flexion isometric holds, neck extension isometric holds, neck rotations, and the like. In some embodiments, the duration may range from between one to three seconds, 1 to 5 seconds, 2 to 6 seconds, 4 to 6 seconds, 6 to 8 seconds, 6 to 10 seconds, 8 to 10 seconds, 8 to 12 seconds, 10 to 12 seconds, 10 to 15 seconds, 12 to 15 seconds, 12 to 30 seconds, 15 to 30 seconds, or any other suitable duration

[0090] #14836725vlof hold. In some embodiments, the number of sets may be greater than or equal to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or more for any particular hold, flexion, and / or the like. In some embodiments, the position may vary from stomach and / or back. In some embodiments, the training regimen may be conducted over 1 to 6 weeks, 1 to 8 weeks, 1 to 10 weeks, 1 to 12 weeks, or any suitable duration necessary for the user. In some embodiments, the number of repetitions may be greater than or equal to 2, greater than or equal to 5, greater than or equal to 10, greater than or equal to 20, greater than or equal to 25, greater than or equal to 50.

[0091] In some embodiments, the system described herein may be equipped with one or more of: sensor-based verification of completed neck strengthening exercises; app-driven compliance tracking and progression planning; and / or guided neck- strengthening protocols with built-in timers, form validation, and / or feedback loops to ensure correct execution. In some embodiments, the wearable article is equipped with an engagement feature promoting user engagement. For example, in some embodiments, the engagement feature may comprise a number recall function which displays a random number within the user’s field of view at the moment of impact (or slightly after the moment of impact but without a detectable delay). In certain embodiments, this feature is meant to train athletes to maintain focus and develop quick cognitive responses under pressure.

[0092] In some embodiments, the wearable article may be provided with an ergonomic design. For example, in some embodiments, the wearable article may be constructed from lightweight, impact-resistant materials, ensuring comfort and durability during extended training sessions. In some embodiments, alternative materials, such as lightweight composites for the wearable article, can enhance comfort without compromising safety. The wearable article may be provided with adjustable straps and ventilation channels to provide a secure and breathable fit, in some embodiments.

[0093] Illustrative applications of the systems and methods described herein include but are not limited to: contact sports or contact activities; and posture-dependent and performance sports and / or activities.

[0094] Illustrative contact sports or contact activities include but are not limited to: football, e.g., head position during tackling and blocking; rugby, e.g., cervical alignment on contact and scrums; wrestling, e.g., head pressure, defensive posture, and neck control; ice hockey, e.g., head safety in contact and puck pursuit; and lacrosse, e.g., neck posture and bracing during contact.

[0095] #14836725vlIllustrative posture-dependent and performance sports and / or activities include but are not limited to: golf, e.g., head-down consistency during backswing and impact; tennis, e.g., serve posture and follow-through tracking; baseball / softball, e.g., batting and throwing mechanics; gymnastics, e.g., cervical alignment during flips and aerials; cheerleading, e.g., neck control during tumbling; martial arts & MMA, e.g., cervical strength and defensive posture; volleyball, e.g., jump-serve and spike posture monitoring; cycling, e.g., sustained neck alignment under load; skiing / snowboarding, e.g., posture control on descent; soccer, e.g., heading technique and sprinting alignment; field hockey, e.g., head-down stick control posture; physical therapy & rehabilitation, e.g., post- injury alignment retraining, concussion recovery; motor sports (e.g., NASCAR); military training (e.g., Air Force pilots)

[0096] Given all of these different sports and activities to which the systems and methods described herein apply, among others, in certain embodiments, the systems described herein may be equipped with sport- specific calibration modes, e.g., accessible through the app. The system can be adapted for a given sport or activity, such as rugby or hockey, e.g., by modifying the calibration range of the sensors to accommodate sport- specific movements, in some embodiments.

[0097] FIG. 1 illustrates a non-limiting example of a suitable computing system environment 1100 on which aspects of the invention may be implemented. For example, in some embodiments the computing system environment 1100 may be used to determine the alignment or misalignment of a user’s head and / or neck. Such a computing environment may represent a home computer, a tablet, a mobile device, a server and / or any another computing device.

[0098] The computing system environment 1100 is only one example of a suitable computing environment and is not intended to suggest any limitation as to the scope of use or functionality of the invention. Neither should the computing environment 1100 be interpreted as having any dependency or requirement relating to any one or combination of components illustrated in the exemplary operating environment 1100.

[0099] Aspects of the disclosure are operational with numerous other general purpose or special purpose computing system environments or configurations. Examples of well-known computing systems, environments, and / or configurations that may be suitable for use with the invention include, but are not limited to, personal computers, server computers, hand-held or laptop devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, set top

[0100] #14836725vlboxes, programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, distributed computing environments that include any of the above systems or devices, and the like.

[0101] In some embodiments, the computing environment may execute computerexecutable instructions, such as program modules. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. In some embodiments, the disclosure may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, in some embodiments, program modules may be located in both local and remote computer storage media including memory storage devices.

[0102] With reference to FIG. 1, an exemplary system for implementing aspects of the disclosure includes a general purpose computing device in the form of a computer 1110. Components of computer 1110 may include, but are not limited to, a processing unit 1120, a system memory 1130, and a system bus 1121 that couples various system components including the system memory to the processing unit 1120. The system bus 1121 may be any of several types of bus structures including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures. By way of example, and not limitation, such architectures include Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) bus, Enhanced ISA (EISA) bus, Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) local bus, and Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus also known as Mezzanine bus.

[0103] Computer 1110 typically includes a variety of computer readable media.

[0104] Computer readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by computer 1110 and includes both volatile and nonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example, and not limitation, computer readable media may comprise computer storage media and communication media. Computer storage media generally includes both volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Computer storage media generally includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape,

[0105] #14836725vlmagnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can accessed by computer 1110.

[0106] Communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media. The term “modulated data signal” generally means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media includes wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media. Combinations of any of the above should also be included within the scope of computer readable media.

[0107] The system memory 1130 includes computer storage media in the form of volatile and / or nonvolatile memory such as read only memory (ROM) 1131 and random access memory (RAM) 1132. A basic input / output system 1133 (BIOS), containing the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within computer 1110, such as during start-up, is typically stored in ROM 1131. RAM 1132 typically contains data and / or program modules that are immediately accessible to and / or presently being operated on by processing unit 1120. By way of example, and not limitation, FIG. 1 illustrates operating system 1134, application programs 1135, other program modules 1136, and program data 1137.

[0108] The computer 1110 may also include other removable / non-removable, volatile / nonvolatile computer storage media. By way of example only, FIG. 1 illustrates a hard disk drive 1141 that reads from or writes to non-removable, nonvolatile magnetic media, a magnetic disk drive 1151 that reads from or writes to a removable, nonvolatile magnetic disk 1152, and an optical disk drive 1155 that reads from or writes to a removable, nonvolatile optical disk 1156 such as a CD ROM or other optical media. Other removable / non-removable, volatile / nonvolatile computer storage media that can be used in the exemplary operating environment include, but are not limited to, magnetic tape cassettes, flash memory cards, digital versatile disks, digital video tape, solid state RAM, solid state ROM, and the like. The hard disk drive 1141 is typically connected to the system bus 1121 through a non-removable memory interface such as interface 1140, and magnetic disk drive

[0109] #14836725vl1151 and optical disk drive 1155 are typically connected to the system bus 1121 by a removable memory interface, such as interface 1150.

[0110] The drives and their associated computer storage media discussed above and illustrated in FIG. 1, provide storage of computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules and other data for the computer 1110. In FIG. 1, for example, hard disk drive 1141 is illustrated as storing operating system 1144, application programs 1145, other program modules 1146, and program data 1147. Note that these components can either be the same as or different from operating system 1134, application programs 1135, other program modules 1136, and program data 1137. Operating system 1144, application programs 1145, other program modules 1146, and program data 1147 are given different numbers here to illustrate that, at a minimum, they are different copies. In some embodiments, a user may enter commands and information into the computer 1110 through input devices such as a keyboard 1162 and pointing device 1161, commonly referred to as a mouse, trackball or touch pad. Other input devices (not shown) may include a microphone, joystick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner, or the like, in some embodiments. These and other input devices are often connected to the processing unit 1120 through a user input interface 1160 that is coupled to the system bus, but may be connected by other interface and bus structures, such as a parallel port, game port or a universal serial bus (USB). A monitor 1191 or other type of display device is also connected to the system bus 1121 via an interface, such as a video interface 1190. In addition to the monitor, computers may also include other peripheral output devices such as speakers 1197 and printer 1196, which may be connected through a output peripheral interface 1195.

[0111] In some embodiments, the computer 1110 may operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer 1180. In some embodiments, the remote computer 1180 may be a personal computer, a server, a router, a network PC, a peer device or other common network node, and typically includes many or all of the elements described above relative to the computer 1110, although only a memory storage device 1181 has been illustrated in FIG. 1. The logical connections depicted in FIG. 1 include a local area network (LAN) 1171 and a wide area network (WAN) 1173, but may also include other networks. Such networking environments are commonplace in offices, enterprise- wide computer networks, intranets and the Internet.

[0112] #14836725vlIn some embodiments, when used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 1110 is connected to the LAN 1171 through a network interface or adapter 1170. In some embodiments, when used in a WAN networking environment, the computer 1110 typically includes a modem 1172 or other means for establishing communications over the WAN 1173, such as the Internet. The modem 1172, which may be internal or external, may be connected to the system bus 1121 via the user input interface 1160, or other appropriate mechanism, in some embodiments. In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to the computer 1110, or portions thereof, may be stored in the remote memory storage device, in some embodiments. By way of example, and not limitation, FIG. 1 illustrates remote application programs 1185 as residing on memory device 1181. It will be appreciated that the network connections shown are exemplary and other means of establishing a communications link between the computers may be used.

[0113] In some embodiments, the various methods or processes outlined herein may be implemented in any suitable hardware. Additionally, in some embodiments, the various methods or processes outlined herein may be implemented in a combination of hardware and of software executable on one or more processors that employ any one of a variety of operating systems or platforms. For example, in some embodiments, the various methods or processes may utilize software to instruct a processor to determine the alignment or misalignment of a user’s head and / or neck. Examples of such approaches are described above. However, any suitable combination of hardware and software may be employed to realize any of the embodiments discussed herein.

[0114] In this respect, in some embodiments, various inventive concepts may be embodied as at least one non-transitory computer readable storage medium (e.g., a computer memory, one or more floppy discs, compact discs, optical discs, magnetic tapes, flash memories, circuit configurations in Field Programmable Gate Arrays or other semiconductor devices, etc.) encoded with one or more programs that, when executed on one or more computers or other processors, implement the various embodiments of the present invention. In some embodiments, the non-transitory computer-readable medium or media may be transportable, such that the program or programs stored thereon may be loaded onto any computer resource to implement various aspects of the present invention as discussed above.

[0115] The terms “program” or “software” are used herein in a generic sense to refer to any type of computer code or set of computer-executable instructions that can be employed to

[0116] #14836725vlprogram a computer or other processor to implement various aspects of embodiments as discussed above. Additionally, it should be appreciated that according to one aspect, one or more computer programs that when executed perform methods of the present invention need not reside on a single computer or processor, but may be distributed in a modular fashion among different computers or processors to implement various aspects of the present invention.

[0117] In some embodiments, computer-executable instructions may be in many forms, such as program modules, executed by one or more computers or other devices. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Typically, the functionality of the program modules may be combined or distributed as desired in various embodiments.

[0118] EXAMPLES

[0119] The following examples are intended to illustrate certain embodiments described herein, including certain aspects of the present disclosure, but do not exemplify the full scope of the disclosure.

[0120] Prophetic Example 1

[0121] During an American football training session, an athlete wears a helmet with an illustrative wearable article as an attachment to the helmet while performing tackling drills. The wearable article provides real-time feedback with (e.g., green or red) lights and auditory and haptic alerts based on head positioning during tackling. The number recall feature keeps the athlete engaged and focused on their form. A neck- strengthening program as described herein is incorporated into the athlete’s weekly routine to build neck stability and reduce injury risks. After the session, the athlete and their coach review data analytics in an app accompanying the wearable device, identifying areas for improvement and tailoring future training sessions.

[0122] While several embodiments of the present invention have been described and illustrated herein, those of ordinary skill in the art will readily envision a variety of other

[0123] #14836725vlmeans and / or structures for performing the functions and / or obtaining the results and / or one or more of the advantages described herein, and each of such variations and / or modifications is deemed to be within the scope of the present invention. More generally, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that all parameters, dimensions, materials, and configurations described herein are meant to be exemplary and that the actual parameters, dimensions, materials, and / or configurations will depend upon the specific application or applications for which the teachings of the present invention is / are used. Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific embodiments of the invention described herein. It is, therefore, to be understood that the foregoing embodiments are presented by way of example only and that, within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereto, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described and claimed. The present invention is directed to each individual feature, system, article, material, kit, and / or method described herein. In addition, any combination of two or more such features, systems, articles, materials, kits, and / or methods, if such features, systems, articles, materials, kits, and / or methods are not mutually inconsistent, is included within the scope of the present invention.

[0124] The indefinite articles “a” and “an,” as used herein in the specification and in the claims, unless clearly indicated to the contrary, should be understood to mean “at least one.” The phrase “and / or,” as used herein in the specification and in the claims, should be understood to mean “either or both” of the elements so conjoined, i.e., elements that are conjunctively present in some cases and disjunctively present in other cases. Other elements may optionally be present other than the elements specifically identified by the “and / or” clause, whether related or unrelated to those elements specifically identified unless clearly indicated to the contrary. Thus, as a non-limiting example, a reference to “A and / or B,” when used in conjunction with open-ended language such as “comprising” can refer, in one embodiment, to A without B (optionally including elements other than B); in another embodiment, to B without A (optionally including elements other than A); in yet another embodiment, to both A and B (optionally including other elements); etc.

[0125] As used herein in the specification and in the claims, “or” should be understood to have the same meaning as “and / or” as defined above. For example, when separating items in a list, “or” or “and / or” shall be interpreted as being inclusive, i.e., the inclusion of at least one, but also including more than one, of a number or list of elements, and, optionally,

[0126] #14836725vladditional unlisted items. Only terms clearly indicated to the contrary, such as “only one of’ or “exactly one of,” or, when used in the claims, “consisting of,” will refer to the inclusion of exactly one element of a number or list of elements. In general, the term “or” as used herein shall only be interpreted as indicating exclusive alternatives (i.e. “one or the other but not both”) when preceded by terms of exclusivity, such as “either,” “one of,” “only one of,” or “exactly one of.” “Consisting essentially of,” when used in the claims, shall have its ordinary meaning as used in the field of patent law.

[0127] As used herein in the specification and in the claims, the phrase “at least one,” in reference to a list of one or more elements, should be understood to mean at least one element selected from any one or more of the elements in the list of elements, but not necessarily including at least one of each and every element specifically listed within the list of elements and not excluding any combinations of elements in the list of elements. This definition also allows that elements may optionally be present other than the elements specifically identified within the list of elements to which the phrase “at least one” refers, whether related or unrelated to those elements specifically identified. Thus, as a non-limiting example, “at least one of A and B” (or, equivalently, “at least one of A or B,” or, equivalently “at least one of A and / or B”) can refer, in one embodiment, to at least one, optionally including more than one, A, with no B present (and optionally including elements other than B); in another embodiment, to at least one, optionally including more than one, B, with no A present (and optionally including elements other than A); in yet another embodiment, to at least one, optionally including more than one, A, and at least one, optionally including more than one, B (and optionally including other elements); etc.

[0128] In the claims, as well as in the specification above, all transitional phrases such as “comprising,” “including,” “carrying,” “having,” “containing,” “involving,” “holding,” and the like are to be understood to be open-ended, i.e., to mean including but not limited to. Only the transitional phrases “consisting of’ and “consisting essentially of’ shall be closed or semi-closed transitional phrases, respectively, as set forth in the United States Patent Office Manual of Patent Examining Procedures, Section 2111.03.

[0129] Any terms as used herein related to shape, orientation, alignment, and / or geometric relationship of or between, for example, one or more articles, structures, forces, fields, flows, directions / trajectories, and / or subcomponents thereof and / or combinations thereof and / or any other tangible or intangible elements not listed above amenable to characterization by such

[0130] #14836725vlterms, unless otherwise defined or indicated, shall be understood to not require absolute conformance to a mathematical definition of such term, but, rather, shall be understood to indicate conformance to the mathematical definition of such term to the extent possible for the subject matter so characterized as would be understood by one skilled in the art most closely related to such subject matter. Examples of such terms related to shape, orientation, and / or geometric relationship include, but are not limited to terms descriptive of: shape - such as, round, square, gomboc, circular / circle, rectangular / rectangle, triangular / triangle, cylindrical / cylinder, elliptical / ellipse, (n)polygonal / (n)polygon, etc.; angular orientation -such as perpendicular, orthogonal, parallel, vertical, horizontal, collinear, etc.; contour and / or trajectory - such as, plane / planar, coplanar, hemispherical, semi-hemispherical, line / linear, hyperbolic, parabolic, flat, curved, straight, arcuate, sinusoidal, tangent / tangential, etc.; direction - such as, north, south, east, west, etc.; surface and / or bulk material properties and / or spatial / temporal resolution and / or distribution - such as, smooth, reflective, transparent, clear, opaque, rigid, impermeable, uniform(ly), inert, non-wettable, insoluble, steady, invariant, constant, homogeneous, etc.; as well as many others that would be apparent to those skilled in the relevant arts. As one example, a fabricated article that would described herein as being “square" would not require such article to have faces or sides that are perfectly planar or linear and that intersect at angles of exactly 90 degrees (indeed, such an article can only exist as a mathematical abstraction), but rather, the shape of such article should be interpreted as approximating a “square," as defined mathematically, to an extent typically achievable and achieved for the recited fabrication technique as would be understood by those skilled in the art or as specifically described. As another example, two or more fabricated articles that would described herein as being “ aligned" would not require such articles to have faces or sides that are perfectly aligned (indeed, such an article can only exist as a mathematical abstraction), but rather, the arrangement of such articles should be interpreted as approximating “aligned,” as defined mathematically, to an extent typically achievable and achieved for the recited fabrication technique as would be understood by those skilled in the art or as specifically described.

[0131] #14836725vl

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A system, comprising:a wearable article, the wearable article comprising:one or more sensors; andone or more visual and / or auditory and / or haptic indicators in wireless and / or electrical communication with the one or more sensors,the one or more sensors configured to provide a three-dimensional initial position and a three-dimensional secondary position relative to the initial position of the wearable article, wherein, upon reaching a threshold difference along at least one axis between the secondary position and the initial position, at least one sensor sends a signal to the one or more visual and / or auditory and / or haptic indicators, thereby generating a visual and / or auditory and / or haptic signal to indicate to the user to change position.

2. A training method, comprising:fitting a user with a wearable article, the wearable article comprising:one or more sensors; andone or more visual and / or auditory and / or haptic indicators in wireless and / or electrical communication with the one or more sensors;detecting, using the one or more sensors, a three-dimensional initial position of the user’s head;detecting, upon movement by the user, a three-dimensional secondary position of the user; and,upon reaching a threshold difference along at least one axis between the secondary position and the initial position, providing a visual and / or auditory and / or haptic indicator to the user, thereby training the user as to the need to reposition the user’s head.

3. A system and / or method as in any preceding claim, wherein the system, when in use, and / or method, trains the position of and / or strengthens a non-dominator muscle of the user’s head and / or neck.#14836725vl4. A system and / or method as in any preceding claim, wherein the three-dimensional initial position is adjustable.

5. A system and / or method as in claim 4, wherein the three-dimensional initial position is adjustable to a position on impact between the user and another animal or object.

6. A system and / or method as in any preceding claim, wherein the visual indicator comprises one or more lights.

7. A system and / or method as in claim 6, wherein the visual indicator comprises one or more light emitting diode (LED) lights.

8. A system and / or method as in any preceding claim, wherein, upon physical impact of the user, the system, when in use, and / or method records at least the three-dimensional secondary position of the user’s head.

9. A system and / or method as in any preceding claim, wherein the wearable article further comprises one or more of an accelerometer, compass, and gyroscope.

10. A system and / or method as in any preceding claim, wherein the one or more sensors and one or more visual indicators are in wireless communication.

11. A system and / or method as in any preceding claim, wherein the one or more visual indicators are associated with a consumer electronic device.

12. A system and / or method as in claim 11, wherein the one or more visual indicators are associated with a cellular phone.

13. A system and / or method as in any preceding claim, wherein the wearable article further comprises one or more wireless communication components.#14836725vl14. A system and / or method as in claim 13, wherein the wearable article further comprises one or more of WiFi and Bluetooth.

15. A system and / or method as in any preceding claim, further comprising a means for attaching the wearable article to a helmet and / or visor.

16. A system and / or method as in any preceding claim, wherein the three-dimensional secondary position includes one or more of the degree of pitch, tilt, yaw, roll, twist, and turn of the user’ s head.

17. A system and / or method as in any preceding claim, further comprising a power source in electrical communication with the one or more sensors and / or the one or more visual indicators.#14836725vl

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