Methods for capture of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide gases from a mixed gas streams

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a process for preparing a phosphate composition for re-use. The disclosure also provides methods of processing a biogas to provide a methane-enriched biogas as well as methods of processing a syngas to provide a hydrogen-enriched syngas. Capture of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide can provide noted environmental improvements in a cost effective manner.

Description

Attorney Docket No. 102236-436278METHODS FOR CAPTURE OF CARBON MONOXIDE AND CARBON DIOXIDE GASES FROM A MIXED GAS STREAMSCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] This application claims the benefit of, and priority to, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 753,129, filed February 3, 2025, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure relates to improved methods for capturing carbon monoxide and / or carbon dioxide gases for the capture, storage, and recycling of carbon, including from mixed gas streams such as biogas and syngas. The present disclosure also provides processes to obtain phosphate components for re-use in the various methods in order to decrease costs for carbon recycling.BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0003] The recycling of captured carbon has also been an area of great concern and scientific activity. For instance, the capture of carbon, including carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, from various gas mixtures is of great commercial importance. One approach to accomplish this goal is the selective absorption of carbon dioxide into a chemical solution, as described in United States Patent No. 11,414,445, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0004] A two-step process described in this patent for carbon dioxide capture, storage, and recycling. Generally, in step one of the process, carbon dioxide reacts with a dibasic aqueous (water) solution of a sodium phosphate (e.g., disodium phosphate, Na2HPO4: '“DSP”) to produce CCL-dioxaphosphetane in solution at room temperature. Upon cooling and separation from the liquid, the resulting CCh-di oxaphosphetane intermediate can be present as a white, crystalline solid that is shelf-stable at standard ambient temperature.

[0005] In step two of the process, sodium borohydride can be added to a solution of the dioxaphosphetane to partially reduce the intermediate to sodium formate, while the remaining dioxaphosphetane is converted to sodium carbonate. Thus, the resultant products of the two-step process can advantageously include sodium carbonate (Na2COs) and sodium formate (HCOONa).

[0006] However, the process described in U.S. Patent No. 11,414,445 could be improved if a mechanism to re-use disodium phosphate was provided. The consumption of dioxaphosphetane in the described process can be expensive if a large volume of CO2 is to be captured. ForAttomey Docket No. 102236-436278instance, a 1000 MW coal fired power plant can produce CO2 emissions as high as 6.3 million tons per year. Moreover, decreasing the cost of inputs required for the process could improve the efficiency of producing resultant products and reduce the number of steps required to realize benefits of carbon capture.

[0007] Accordingly, the present disclosure provides an improved process by incorporating reuse of phosphates such as disodium phosphate in the carbon capture mechanisms. Furthermore, the present disclosure provides methods for selective removal of carbon (e.g., carbon dioxide and / or carbon monoxide) from biogas and from syngas to provide a methane-enriched biogas and a hydrogen-enriched syngas, respectively.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] FIGURE 1 shows an FTIR of a sample solution containing disodium phosphate in water.

[0009] FIGURE 2 shows an FTIR of the CO2-dioxaphosphetane sample after vacuum filtration and air drying.

[0010] FIGURE 3 shows an exemplary process of carbon removal from biogas.

[0011] FIGURE 4 shows another exemplary process of carbon removal from biogas.

[0012] FIGURE 5 shows an FTIR of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) capture using disodium phosphate.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] In an illustrative aspect, a process for preparing a phosphate composition for re-use is provided. The process comprises the steps of i) combining a) a liquid composition comprising a liquid and a phosphate and b) a carbon dioxi de-containing composition to form a first combination; ii) stirring the first combination to form a second combination; iii) cooling the second combination to form a third combination, wherein the third composition comprises a carbon dioxide dioxaphosphetane composition in an aqueous composition, and iv) releasing carbon dioxide from the third composition, wherein the release provides the phosphate composition for re-use.

[0014] In an embodiment, the liquid composition comprises water. In an embodiment, the liquid composition consists essentially of water. In an embodiment, the liquid composition consists of water. In an embodiment, the liquid composition is water.

[0015] In an embodiment, the phosphate is selected from the group consisting of ammonium phosphate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, and di alkyl phosphate. In an embodiment,Attorney Docket No. 102236-436278the phosphate is disodium phosphate. In an embodiment, the carbon dioxide dioxaphosphetane composition is a crystalline composition.

[0016] In an embodiment, the stirring is for about 2 hours. In an embodiment, the stirring is for between 2 hours and 8 hours. In an embodiment, the stirring is for between 2 hours and 12 hours. In an embodiment, the stirring is for between 12 and 48 hours. In an embodiment, the stirring is for at least 12 hours. In an embodiment, the cooling is in an ice water bath.

[0017] In an embodiment, the carbon dioxide-containing composition is a gas mixture. In an embodiment, the gas mixture is biogas. In an embodiment, the gas mixture is syngas.

[0018] In an embodiment, step iv) comprises use of a vacuum to release the carbon dioxide. In an embodiment, the carbon dioxide released from the third composition is a gas. In an embodiment, the carbon dioxide released from the third composition is a solid.

[0019] In an embodiment, the carbon dioxide released from the third composition is captured. In an embodiment, the carbon dioxide released from the third composition is stored.

[0020] In an embodiment, the phosphate composition for re-use is in a solution. In an embodiment, the phosphate composition for re-use is in a solid. In an embodiment, the phosphate composition for re-use comprises disodium phosphate.

[0021] In an illustrative aspect, a method of processing a biogas to provide a methane-enriched biogas is provided. The method comprises the steps of i) combining a) a liquid composition comprising a liquid and a phosphate and b) the biogas to form a first combination; ii) stirring the first combination to form a second combination; iii) cooling the second combination to form a third combination, wherein the third composition comprises a carbon dioxide dioxaphosphetane composition, and iv) removing carbon dioxide from the third composition to provide the methane-enriched biogas.

[0022] In an embodiment, the carbon dioxide from step iv) is present in the carbon dioxide dioxaphosphetane composition. In an embodiment, the carbon dioxide dioxaphosphetane composition is in an aqueous composition. In an embodiment, the carbon dioxide dioxaphosphetane composition is a crystalline composition.

[0023] In an embodiment, the biogas comprises methane and carbon dioxide. In an embodiment, the methane-enriched biogas comprises a decreased amount of carbon dioxide compared to the biogas. In an embodiment, the methane-enriched biogas comprises an increased amount of methane compared to the biogas.

[0024] In an embodiment, the liquid composition comprises water. In an embodiment, the liquid composition consists essentially of water. In an embodiment, the liquid composition consists of water. In an embodiment, the liquid composition is water.Attomey Docket No. 102236-436278

[0025] In an embodiment, the phosphate is selected from the group consisting of ammonium phosphate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, and dialkyl phosphate. In an embodiment, the phosphate is disodium phosphate. In an embodiment, the phosphate is the phosphate composition for re-use prepared according to a process described herein.

[0026] In an embodiment, the stirring is for about 2 hours. In an embodiment, the stirring is for between 2 hours and 8 hours. In an embodiment, the stirring is for between 2 hours and 12 hours. In an embodiment, the stirring is for between 12 and 48 hours. In an embodiment, the stirring is for at least 12 hours. In an embodiment, the cooling is in an ice water bath.

[0027] In an embodiment, the method further comprises placing the carbon dioxide dioxaphosphetane composition in a solution and combining sodium borohydride with the solution comprising carbon dioxide dioxaphosphetane to form a formate composition. In an embodiment, the formate composition is sodium formate.

[0028] In an illustrative aspect, a further method of processing a biogas to provide a methane-enriched biogas is provided. The method comprises the steps of i) combining a) a liquid composition comprising a liquid and a phosphate and b) the biogas to form a first combination; ii) stirring the first combination to form a second combination; iii) cooling the second combination to form a third combination, wherein the third composition comprises a carbon monoxide dioxaphosphetane composition, and iv) removing carbon dioxide from the third composition to provide the methane-enriched biogas.

[0029] In an embodiment, the carbon dioxide from step iv) is present in the carbon dioxide dioxaphosphetane composition. In an embodiment, the carbon dioxide dioxaphosphetane composition is in an aqueous composition. In an embodiment, the carbon dioxide dioxaphosphetane composition is a cry stalline composition.

[0030] In an embodiment, the biogas comprises methane and carbon dioxide. In an embodiment, the methane-enriched biogas comprises a decreased amount of carbon dioxide compared to the biogas. In an embodiment, the methane-enriched biogas comprises an increased amount of methane compared to the biogas.

[0031] In an embodiment, the liquid composition comprises water. In an embodiment, the liquid composition consists essentially of water. In an embodiment, the liquid composition consists of water. In an embodiment, the liquid composition is water.

[0032] In an embodiment, the phosphate is selected from the group consisting of ammonium phosphate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, and dialkyl phosphate. In an embodiment, the phosphate is disodium phosphate. In an embodiment, the phosphate is the phosphate composition for re-use prepared according to a process described herein.Attorney Docket No. 102236-436278

[0033] In an embodiment, the stirring is for about 2 hours. In an embodiment, the stirring is for between 2 hours and 8 hours. In an embodiment, the stirring is for between 2 hours and 12 hours. In an embodiment, the stirring is for between 12 and 48 hours. In an embodiment, the stirring is for at least 12 hours. In an embodiment, the cooling is in an ice water bath.

[0034] In an embodiment, the method further comprises placing the carbon monoxide dioxaphosphetane composition in a solution and combining sodium borohydride with the solution comprising carbon monoxide dioxaphosphetane to form a formate composition. In an embodiment, the formate composition is sodium formate.

[0035] In an illustrative aspect, a method of processing a syngas to provide a hydrogen-enriched syngas is provided. The method comprises the steps of i) combining a) a liquid composition compnsing a liquid and a phosphate and b) the syngas to form a first combination; ii) stirring the first combination to form a second combination; iii) cooling the second combination to form a third combination, wherein the third composition comprises a carbon dioxide dioxaphosphetane composition, and iv) removing carbon dioxide from the third composition to provide the hydrogen-enriched syngas.

[0036] In an embodiment, the carbon dioxide from step iv) is present in the carbon dioxide dioxaphosphetane composition. In an embodiment, the carbon dioxide dioxaphosphetane composition is in an aqueous composition. In an embodiment, the carbon dioxide dioxaphosphetane composition is a crystalline composition.

[0037] In an embodiment, the syngas comprises hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, or any combination thereof. In an embodiment, the hydrogen is present in the syngas at about 25-40% (v / v). In an embodiment, the methane is present in the syngas at about 0-5% (v / v). In an embodiment, the carbon monoxide is present in the syngas at about 30-60% (v / v). In an embodiment, the carbon dioxide is present in the syngas at about 5-15% (v / v).

[0038] In an embodiment, the hydrogen-enriched syngas comprises a decreased amount of carbon dioxide compared to the syngas. In an embodiment, the hydrogen-enriched syngas comprises a decreased amount of carbon monoxide compared to the syngas. In an embodiment, the hydrogen-enriched syngas comprises an increased amount of hydrogen compared to the syngas.

[0039] In an embodiment, the hydrogen-enriched syngas comprises hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, or any combination thereof. In an embodiment, the hydrogen-enriched syngas comprises hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

[0040] In an embodiment, the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.0:1.0. In an embodiment, the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.1 : 1.0. In anAttomey Docket No. 102236-436278embodiment, the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.2: 1.0. In an embodiment, the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.3: 1.0. In an embodiment, the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.4: 1.0. In an embodiment, the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.5: 1.0. In an embodiment, the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.6: 1.0. In an embodiment, the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.7: 1.0. In an embodiment, the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.8: 1.0. In an embodiment, the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.9: 1.0. In an embodiment, the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 2.0: 1.0. In an embodiment, the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 2 1:1.0. In an embodiment, the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 2.2: 1.0. In an embodiment, the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 2.3: 1.0. In an embodiment, the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 2.4: 1.0. In an embodiment, the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-ennched syngas at a ratio of about 2.5: 1.0.

[0041] In an embodiment, the liquid composition comprises water. In an embodiment, the liquid composition consists essentially of water. In an embodiment, the liquid composition consists of water. In an embodiment, the liquid composition is water.

[0042] In an embodiment, the phosphate is selected from the group consisting of ammonium phosphate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, and dialkyl phosphate. In an embodiment, the phosphate is disodium phosphate. In an embodiment, the phosphate is the phosphate composition for re-use prepared according to a process described herein.

[0043] In an embodiment, the stirring is for about 2 hours. In an embodiment, the stirring is for between 2 hours and 8 hours. In an embodiment, the stirring is for between 2 hours and 12 hours. In an embodiment, the stirring is for between 12 and 48 hours. In an embodiment, the stirring is for at least 12 hours. In an embodiment, the cooling is in an ice water bath.

[0044] In an embodiment, the method further comprises placing the carbon dioxide dioxaphosphetane composition in a solution and combining sodium borohydnde with the solution comprising carbon dioxide dioxaphosphetane to form a formate composition. In an embodiment, the formate composition is sodium formate.Attorney Docket No. 102236-436278

[0045] In an illustrative aspect, a further method of processing a syngas to provide a hydrogen-enriched syngas is provided. The method comprises the steps of i) combining a) a liquid composition comprising a liquid and a phosphate and b) the syngas to form a first combination; ii) stirring the first combination to form a second combination; iii) cooling the second combination to form a third combination, wherein the third composition comprises a carbon monoxide dioxaphosphetane composition, and iv) removing carbon monoxide from the third composition to provide the hydrogen-enriched syngas.

[0046] In an embodiment, the carbon monoxide from step iv) is present in the carbon monoxide dioxaphosphetane composition. In an embodiment, the carbon monoxide dioxaphosphetane composition is in an aqueous composition. In an embodiment, the carbon monoxide dioxaphosphetane composition is a crystalline composition.

[0047] In an embodiment, the syngas comprises hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, or any combination thereof. In an embodiment, the hydrogen is present in the syngas at about 25-40% (v / v). In an embodiment, the methane is present in the syngas at about 0-5% (v / v). In an embodiment, the carbon monoxide is present in the syngas at about 30-60% (v / v). In an embodiment, the carbon dioxide is present in the syngas at about 5-15% (v / v).

[0048] In an embodiment, the hydrogen-enriched syngas comprises a decreased amount of carbon dioxide compared to the syngas. In an embodiment, the hydrogen-enriched syngas comprises a decreased amount of carbon monoxide compared to the syngas. In an embodiment, the hydrogen-enriched syngas comprises an increased amount of hydrogen compared to the syngas. In an embodiment, the hydrogen-enriched syngas comprises hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, or any combination thereof. In an embodiment, the hydrogen-enriched syngas comprises hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

[0049] In an embodiment, the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.0:1.0. In an embodiment, the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.1 : 1.0. In an embodiment, the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.2: 1.0. In an embodiment, the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.3: 1.0. In an embodiment, the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.4: 1.0. In an embodiment, the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.5: 1.0. In an embodiment, the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.6: 1.0. In an embodiment, the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.7: 1.0. In an embodiment, the hydrogen and the carbon monoxideAttorney Docket No. 102236-436278are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.8: 1.0. In an embodiment, the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.9:1.0. In an embodiment, the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 2.0: 1.0. In an embodiment, the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 2 1:1.0. In an embodiment, the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 2.2: 1.0. In an embodiment, the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 2.3: 1.0. In an embodiment, the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 2.4: 1.0. In an embodiment, the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-ennched syngas at a ratio of about 2.5: 1.0.

[0050] In an embodiment, the liquid composition comprises water. In an embodiment, the liquid composition consists essentially of water. In an embodiment, the liquid composition consists of water. In an embodiment, the liquid composition is water.

[0051] In an embodiment, the phosphate is selected from the group consisting of ammonium phosphate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, and dialkyl phosphate. In an embodiment, the phosphate is disodium phosphate. In an embodiment, the phosphate is the phosphate composition for re-use prepared according to a process described herein.

[0052] In an embodiment, the stirring is for about 2 hours. In an embodiment, the stirring is for between 2 hours and 8 hours. In an embodiment, the stirring is for between 2 hours and 12 hours. In an embodiment, the stirring is for between 12 and 48 hours. In an embodiment, the stirring is for at least 12 hours. In an embodiment, the cooling is in an ice water bath.

[0053] In an embodiment, the method further comprises placing the carbon monoxide dioxaphosphetane composition in a solution and combining sodium borohydride with the solution comprising carbon monoxide dioxaphosphetane to form a formate composition. In an embodiment, the formate composition is sodium formate.

[0054] Furthermore, the embodiments described herein can be adapted to the methods, processes, and procedures described in United States Patent No. 11,414,445, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for this purpose.

[0055] The following numbered embodiments are contemplated and are non-limiting:1. A process for preparing a phosphate composition for re-use, the process comprising the steps of:i) combining a) a liquid composition comprising a liquid and a phosphate and b) a carbon dioxide-containing composition to form a first combination;Attomey Docket No. 102236-436278ii) stirring the first combination to form a second combination;iii) cooling the second combination to form a third combination, wherein the third composition comprises a carbon dioxide dioxaphosphetane composition in an aqueous composition, andiv) releasing carbon dioxide from the third composition, wherein the release provides the phosphate composition for re-use.2. The process of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the liquid composition comprises water.3. The process of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the liquid composition consists essentially of water.4. The process of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the liquid composition consists of water.5. The process of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the liquid composition is water.6. The process of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the phosphate is selected from the group consisting of ammonium phosphate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, and dialkyl phosphate.7. The process of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the phosphate is disodium phosphate.8. The process of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the carbon dioxide dioxaphosphetane composition is a crystalline composition.9. The process of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the stirring is for about 2 hours.10. The process of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the stirring is for between 2 hours and 8 hours.11. The process of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the stirring is for between 2 hours and 12 hours.12. The process of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the stirring is for between 12 and 48 hours.13. The process of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the stirring is for at least 12 hours.14. The process of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the cooling is in an ice water bath.15. The process of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the carbon dioxide-containing composition is a gas mixture.Attomey Docket No. 102236-43627816. The process of clause 15, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the gas mixture is biogas.17. The process of clause 15, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the gas mixture is syngas.18. The process of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein step iv) comprises use of a vacuum to release the carbon dioxide.19. The process of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the carbon dioxide released from the third composition is a gas.20. The process of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the carbon dioxide released from the third composition is a solid.21. The process of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the carbon dioxide released from the third composition is captured.22. The process of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the carbon dioxide released from the third composition is stored.23. The process of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the phosphate composition for re-use is in a solution.24. The process of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the phosphate composition for re-use is in a solid.25. The process of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the phosphate composition for re-use comprises disodium phosphate.26. A method of processing a biogas to provide a methane-enriched biogas, the method comprising the steps ofi) combining a) a liquid composition comprising a liquid and a phosphate and b) the biogas to form a first combination;ii) stirring the first combination to form a second combination;iii) cooling the second combination to form a third combination, wherein the third composition comprises a carbon dioxide dioxaphosphetane composition, and iv) removing carbon dioxide from the third composition to provide the methane- enriched biogas.27. The method of clause 26, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the carbon dioxide from step iv) is present in the carbon dioxide dioxaphosphetane composition.28. The method of clause 27, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the carbon dioxide dioxaphosphetane composition is in an aqueous composition.Attorney Docket No. 102236-43627829. The method of clause 27, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses.wherein the carbon dioxide dioxaphosphetane composition is a crystalline composition.30. The method of clause 26, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the biogas comprises methane and carbon dioxide.31. The method of clause 26, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the methane-enriched biogas comprises a decreased amount of carbon dioxide compared to the biogas.32. The method of clause 26, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the methane-enriched biogas comprises an increased amount of methane compared to the biogas.33. The method of clause 26, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the liquid composition comprises water.34. The method of clause 26, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the liquid composition consists essentially of water.35. The method of clause 26, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the liquid composition consists of water.36. The method of clause 26, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the liquid composition is water.37. The method of clause 26, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses.wherein the phosphate is selected from the group consisting of ammonium phosphate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, and di alky I phosphate.38. The method of clause 26, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the phosphate is disodium phosphate.39. The method of clause 26, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the phosphate is the phosphate composition for re-use prepared according to the process of any one of clauses 1 to 25.40. The method of clause 26, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the stirring is for about 2 hours.41. The method of clause 26, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the stirring is for between 2 hours and 8 hours.42. The method of clause 26, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the stirring is for between 2 hours and 12 hours.43. The method of clause 26, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses.wherein the stirring is for between 12 and 48 hours.Attomey Docket No. 102236-43627844. The method of clause 26, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the stirring is for at least 12 hours.45. The method of clause 26, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the cooling is in an ice water bath.46. The method of clause 26, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, further comprising placing the carbon dioxide di oxaphosphetane composition in a solution and combining sodium borohydride with the solution comprising carbon dioxide dioxaphosphetane to form a formate composition.47. The method of clause 46, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the formate composition is sodium formate.48. A method of processing a biogas to provide a methane-enriched biogas, the method comprising the steps ofi) combining a) a liquid composition comprising a liquid and a phosphate and b) the biogas to form a first combination;ii) stirring the first combination to form a second combination;iii) cooling the second combination to form a third combination, wherein the third composition comprises a carbon monoxide dioxaphosphetane composition, and iv) removing carbon dioxide from the third composition to provide the methane- enriched biogas.49. The method of clause 48, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the carbon dioxide from step iv) is present in the carbon dioxide dioxaphosphetane composition.50. The method of clause 49, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the carbon dioxide dioxaphosphetane composition is in an aqueous composition.51. The method of clause 49, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the carbon dioxide dioxaphosphetane composition is a crystalline composition.52. The method of clause 48, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the biogas comprises methane and carbon dioxide.53. The method of clause 48, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the methane-enriched biogas comprises a decreased amount of carbon dioxide compared to the biogas.54. The method of clause 48, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the methane-enriched biogas comprises an increased amount of methane compared to the biogas.Attorney Docket No. 102236-43627855. The method of clause 48, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses.wherein the liquid composition comprises water.56. The method of clause 48, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the liquid composition consists essentially of water.57. The method of clause 48, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses.wherein the liquid composition consists of water.58. The method of clause 48, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses.wherein the liquid composition is water.59. The method of clause 48, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the phosphate is selected from the group consisting of ammonium phosphate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, and dialkyl phosphate.60. The method of clause 48, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the phosphate is disodium phosphate.61. The method of clause 48, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the phosphate is the phosphate composition for re-use prepared according to the process of any one of clauses 1 to 25.62. The method of clause 48, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the stirring is for about 2 hours.63. The method of clause 48, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses.wherein the stirring is for between 2 hours and 8 hours.64. The method of clause 48, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the stirring is for between 2 hours and 12 hours.65. The method of clause 48, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses.wherein the stirring is for between 12 and 48 hours.66. The method of clause 48, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the stirring is for at least 12 hours.67. The method of clause 48, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses.wherein the cooling is in an ice water bath.68. The method of clause 48, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, further comprising placing the carbon monoxide dioxaphosphetane composition in a solution and combining sodium borohydride with the solution comprising carbon monoxide dioxaphosphetane to form a formate composition.69. The method of clause 68, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the formate composition is sodium formate.Attomey Docket No. 102236-43627870. A method of processing a syngas to provide a hydrogen-enriched syngas, the method comprising the steps ofi) combining a) a liquid composition comprising a liquid and a phosphate and b) the syngas to form a first combination;ii) stirring the first combination to form a second combination;iii) cooling the second combination to form a third combination, wherein the third composition comprises a carbon dioxide dioxaphosphetane composition, and iv) removing carbon dioxide from the third composition to provide the hydrogen- enriched syngas.71. The method of clause 70, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the carbon dioxide from step iv) is present in the carbon dioxide dioxaphosphetane composition.72. The method of clause 71, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the carbon dioxide di oxaphosphetane composition is in an aqueous composition.73. The method of clause 71, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the carbon dioxide dioxaphosphetane composition is a crystalline composition.74. The method of clause 70, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the syngas comprises hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, or any combination thereof.75. The method of clause 74, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen is present in the syngas at about 25-40% (v / v).76. The method of clause 74, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the methane is present in the syngas at about 0-5% (v / v).77. The method of clause 74, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the carbon monoxide is present in the syngas at about 30-60% (v / v).78. The method of clause 74, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the carbon dioxide is present in the syngas at about 5-15% (v / v).79. The method of clause 70, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen-enriched syngas comprises a decreased amount of carbon dioxide compared to the syngas.80. The method of clause 70, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen-enriched syngas comprises a decreased amount of carbon monoxide compared to the syngas.Attorney Docket No. 102236-43627881. The method of clause 70, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen-enriched syngas comprises an increased amount of hydrogen compared to the syngas.82. The method of clause 70, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen-enriched syngas comprises hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, or any combination thereof.83. The method of clause 82, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen-enriched syngas comprises hydrogen and carbon monoxide. 84. The method of clause 83, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.0: 1.0.85. The method of clause 83, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.1 : 1.0.86. The method of clause 83, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.2: 1.0.87. The method of clause 83, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.3: 1.0.88. The method of clause 83, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.4: 1.0.89. The method of clause 83, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.5: 1.0.90. The method of clause 83, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.6: 1.0.91. The method of clause 83, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.7 : 1.0.92. The method of clause 83, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.8: 1.0.Attomey Docket No. 102236-43627893. The method of clause 83, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.9: 1.0.94. The method of clause 83, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 2.0: 1.0.95. The method of clause 83, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 2.1 : 1.0.96. The method of clause 83, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-ennched syngas at a ratio of about 2.2: 1.0.97. The method of clause 83, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 2.3: 1.0.98. The method of clause 83, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 2.4: 1.0.99. The method of clause 83, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-ennched syngas at a ratio of about 2.5: 1.0.100. The method of clause 70, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the liquid composition comprises water.101. The method of clause 70. any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the liquid composition consists essentially of w ater.102. The method of clause 70, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the liquid composition consists of w ater.103. The method of clause 70. any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the liquid composition is water.104. The method of clause 70, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the phosphate is selected from the group consisting of ammonium phosphate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, and dialkyl phosphate.105. The method of clause 70, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the phosphate is disodium phosphate.Attomey Docket No. 102236-436278106. The method of clause 70, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the phosphate is the phosphate composition for re-use prepared according to the process of any one of clauses 1 to 25.107. The method of clause 70, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the stirring is for about 2 hours.108. The method of clause 70. any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the stirring is for between 2 hours and 8 hours.109. The method of clause 70, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the stirring is for between 2 hours and 12 hours.110. The method of clause 70. any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the stirring is for between 12 and 48 hours.111. The method of clause 70, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the stirring is for at least 12 hours.112. The method of clause 70, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the cooling is in an ice water bath.113. The method of clause 70, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, further comprising placing the carbon dioxide dioxaphosphetane composition in a solution and combining sodium borohydride with the solution comprising carbon dioxide dioxaphosphetane to form a formate composition.114. The method of clause 113, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the formate composition is sodium formate.115. A method of processing a syngas to provide a hydrogen-enriched syngas, the method comprising the steps ofi) combining a) a liquid composition comprising a liquid and a phosphate and b) the syngas to form a first combination;ii) stirring the first combination to form a second combination;iii) cooling the second combination to form a third combination, wherein the third composition comprises a carbon monoxide dioxaphosphetane composition, and iv) removing carbon monoxide from the third composition to provide the hydrogen- enriched syngas.116. The method of clause 115, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the carbon monoxide from step iv) is present in the carbon monoxide dioxaphosphetane composition.Attomey Docket No. 102236-436278117. The method of clause 116, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the carbon monoxide dioxaphosphetane composition is in an aqueous composition.118. The method of clause 116, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the carbon monoxide dioxaphosphetane composition is a cry stalline composition.119. The method of clause 115, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the syngas comprises hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, or any combination thereof.120. The method of clause 119, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen is present in the syngas at about 25-40% (v / v).121. The method of clause 119, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the methane is present in the syngas at about 0-5% (v / v).122. The method of clause 119, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the carbon monoxide is present in the syngas at about 30-60% (v / v).123. The method of clause 119, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the carbon dioxide is present in the syngas at about 5-15% (v / v).124. The method of clause 115, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen-enriched syngas comprises a decreased amount of carbon dioxide compared to the syngas.125. The method of clause 115, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen-enriched syngas comprises a decreased amount of carbon monoxide compared to the syngas.126. The method of clause 115. any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen-enriched syngas comprises an increased amount of hydrogen compared to the syngas.127. The method of clause 115, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen-enriched syngas comprises hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, or any combination thereof.128. The method of clause 127, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen-enriched syngas comprises hydrogen and carbon monoxide.129. The method of clause 128, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen- enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.0: 1.0.Attomey Docket No. 102236-436278130. The method of clause 128, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen- enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.1 :1 0.131. The method of clause 128, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen- enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.2: 1.0.132. The method of clause 128, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen- enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.3: 1.0.133. The method of clause 128, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen- enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.4: 1.0.134. The method of clause 128, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen- enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.5: 1.0.135. The method of clause 128, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen- enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.6: 1.0.136. The method of clause 128, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen- enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.7: 1.0.137. The method of clause 128, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen- enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.8: 1.0.138. The method of clause 128, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen- enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.9:1 0.139. The method of clause 128, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen- enriched syngas at a ratio of about 2.0: 1.0.140. The method of clause 128, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen- enriched syngas at a ratio of about 2.1 : 1.0.Attorney Docket No. 102236-436278141. The method of clause 128, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen- enriched syngas at a ratio of about 2.2: 1.0.142. The method of clause 128, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen- enriched syngas at a ratio of about 2.3: 1.0.143. The method of clause 128, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen- enriched syngas at a ratio of about 2.4: 1.0.144. The method of clause 128, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen- enriched syngas at a ratio of about 2.5: 1.0.145. The method of clause 115, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the liquid composition comprises water.146. The method of clause 115, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the liquid composition consists essentially of water.147. The method of clause 115, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the liquid composition consists of water.148. The method of clause 115, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the liquid composition is water.149. The method of clause 115, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the phosphate is selected from the group consisting of ammonium phosphate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, and dialkyl phosphate.150. The method of clause 115. any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the phosphate is disodium phosphate.151. The method of clause 115, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the phosphate is the phosphate composition for re-use prepared process of any one of clauses 1 to 25.152. The method of clause 115, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the stirring is for about 2 hours.153. The method of clause 115, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the stirring is for between 2 hours and 8 hours.154. The method of clause 115, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the stirring is for between 2 hours and 12 hours.Attorney Docket No. 102236-436278155. The method of clause 115, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the stirring is for between 12 and 48 hours.156. The method of clause 115, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the stirring is for at least 12 hours.157. The method of clause 115, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the cooling is in an ice water bath.158. The method of clause 115, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, further comprising placing the carbon monoxide dioxaphosphetane composition in a solution and combining sodium borohydride with the solution comprising carbon monoxide dioxaphosphetane to form a formate composition.159. The method of clause 158, any other suitable clause, or any combination of clauses, wherein the formate composition is sodium formate.EXAMPLE 1Re-Use of Disodium Phosphate Following Release of Carbon

[0056] Upon drying, the stability of the CCh-dioxaphosphetane complex is important. For example, carbon such as CO2 can be released upon drying the complex, possibly converting some of the complex into disodium phosphate.

[0057] Similarly, when in a solution form, the complex can also be reverted to disodium phosphate (DSP) upon removal of carbon. For instance, when a vacuum is applied to the solution containing the CCh-dioxaphosphetane complex, the CO2 can be captured and released. Thereafter, the remaining solution can revert to DSP and enable recycling of the DSP solution. Based on these results

[0058] Figure 1 shows the FTIR of a sample solution containing disodium phosphate in water. In comparison, Figure 2 shows the FTIR of the CCh-dioxaphosphetane sample after vacuum filtration and air drying. The P=O group observed at 1114.5 cm'1showed no presence of CO2, thus indicating that the captured CO2 had been released.

[0059] The approach of the instant example provides for recycling and re-use of DSP, thus facilitating the capture of CO2 as a gas, and lowering the cost of carbon capture.EXAMPLE 2Enrichment of Methane in Biogas Via Selective Capture of Carbon Dioxide

[0060] Biogas is a mixture of gases typically including methane and carbon dioxide. Using the methods of the present disclosure, formation of the CCh-dioxaphosphetane complex can be observed. As a result, a methane-enriched biogas can be advantageously provided.Attomey Docket No. 102236-436278

[0061] The process approach can comprise a parallel series of columns that capture and release carbon dioxide. Process conditions including operating pressure, charging time, discharge time, concentration of disodium phosphate in water, and the like can be varied.Modules of the series of columns can be added or removed based on the biogas capacity.Examples of the process are shown in Figures 3 and 4.EXAMPLE 3Enrichment of Hydrogen in Syngas Via Selective Capture of Carbon Monoxide

[0062] Syngas is a mixture of gases typically including hydrogen and carbon monoxide and possibly other gases. Using the methods of the present disclosure, formation of the CO-dioxaphosphetane complex and / or the CCh-dioxaphosphetane complex can be observed. As a result, a hydrogen-enriched syngas can be advantageously provided.

[0063] The composition of syngas can vary depending on the feedstock and the gasification process that is involved. The composition of syngas for the instant example included: carbon monoxide (CO) at 30 to 60%; hydrogen (H2) at 25 to 30%; methane (CEL) at 0 to 5%; and carbon dioxide (CO2) at 5 to 15%.

[0064] The selective removal of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide from syngas can enrich the resultant syngas with hydrogen and achieve a desired ratio of hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO). For instance, the desired ratio between hydrogen and carbon monoxide can vary depending on the end product to be produced. For methanol production, the desired H2 CO ratio is about 2:1 (vol / vol). For ethanol production, the desired FUCO ratio is about 1:1 (vol / vol). For Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, the desired FUCO ratio is about 1.8:1 to 2.1:1 (vol / vol).

[0065] The process approach can comprise a parallel series of columns that capture and release carbon monoxide and / or carbon dioxide. Process conditions including operating pressure, charging time, discharge time, concentration of disodium phosphate in water, and the like can be varied. Modules of the series of columns can be added or removed based on the syngas capacity.

[0066] In addition, selective removal of carbon monoxide using the methods of the present disclosure can beneficially purify air and reduce carbon monoxide poisoning and related deaths.EXAMPLE 4Capture of Carbon Monoxide

[0067] Similar to the selective absorption of carbon dioxide into a chemical solution, as described in United States Patent No. 11,414,445, the instant example provides the ability forAttorney Docket No. 102236-436278selective absorption of carbon monoxide. For instance, carbon monoxide can react with a dibasic aqueous (water) solution of a sodium phosphate (e.g.. disodium phosphate. Na2HPO4; “DSP”) to produce CO-dioxaphosphetane in solution.

[0068] Figure 5 shows that reaction between carbon monoxide and DSP resulted in the formation of a dioxaphosphetane complex, thus resulting in the capture of carbon monoxide. The FTIR representation of Figure 5 shows dioxaphosphetane formation as the P=O group was not observed at 1114.5 cm’1. A comparison of FTIR representation of dioxaphosphetane with CO2 and CO is shown in Figure 5.

Claims

Attomey Docket No. 102236-436278WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A process for preparing a phosphate composition for re-use. the process comprising the steps of:i) combining a) a liquid composition comprising a liquid and a phosphate and b) a carbon dioxide-containing composition to form a first combination;ii) stirring the first combination to form a second combination;iii) cooling the second combination to form a third combination, wherein the third composition comprises a carbon dioxide dioxaphosphetane composition in an aqueous composition, andiv) releasing carbon dioxide from the third composition, wherein the release provides the phosphate composition for re-use.

2. The process of claim 1, wherein the liquid composition comprises water.

3. The process of claim 1, wherein the liquid composition consists essentially of water.

4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the liquid composition consists of water.

5. The process of claim 1, wherein the liquid composition is water.

6. The process of claim 1, wherein the phosphate is selected from the group consisting of ammonium phosphate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, and dialkyl phosphate.

7. The process of claim 1, wherein the phosphate is disodium phosphate.

8. The process of claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide dioxaphosphetane composition is a crystalline composition.

9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the stirring is for about 2 hours.

10. The process of claim 1, wherein the stirring is for between 2 hours and 8 hours.

11. The process of claim 1, wherein the stirring is for between 2 hours and 12 hours.

12. The process of claim 1 , wherein the stirring is for between 12 and 48 hours.

13. The process of claim 1, wherein the stirring is for at least 12 hours.

14. The process of claim 1, wherein the cooling is in an ice water bath.

15. The process of claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide-containing composition is a gas mixture.1 . The process of claim 15, wherein the gas mixture is biogas.

17. The process of claim 15, wherein the gas mixture is syngas.Attorney Docket No. 102236-43627818. The process of claim 1, wherein step iv) comprises use of a vacuum to release the carbon dioxide.

19. The process of claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide released from the third composition is a gas.

20. The process of claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide released from the third composition is a solid.

21. The process of claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide released from the third composition is captured.

22. The process of claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide released from the third composition is stored.

23. The process of claim 1, wherein the phosphate composition for re-use is in a solution.

24. The process of claim 1, wherein the phosphate composition for re-use is in a solid.

25. The process of claim 1, wherein the phosphate composition for re-use comprises disodium phosphate.

26. A method of processing a biogas to provide a methane-enriched biogas, the method comprising the steps ofi) combining a) a liquid composition comprising a liquid and a phosphate and b) the biogas to form a first combination;ii) stirring the first combination to form a second combination;iii) cooling the second combination to form a third combination, wherein the third composition comprises a carbon dioxide dioxaphosphetane composition, andiv) removing carbon dioxide from the third composition to provide the methane-enriched biogas.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein the carbon dioxide from step iv) is present in the carbon dioxide dioxaphosphetane composition.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein the carbon dioxide di oxaphosphetane composition is in an aqueous composition.

29. The method of claim 27, wherein the carbon dioxide dioxaphosphetane composition is a crystalline composition.

30. The method of claim 26, wherein the biogas comprises methane and carbon dioxide.

31. The method of claim 26. wherein the methane-enriched biogas comprises a decreased amount of carbon dioxide compared to the biogas.Attomey Docket No. 102236-43627832. The method of claim 26, wherein the methane-enriched biogas comprises an increased amount of methane compared to the biogas.

33. The method of claim 26, wherein the liquid composition comprises water.

34. The method of claim 26, wherein the liquid composition consists essentially of water.

35. The method of claim 26, wherein the liquid composition consists of water.

36. The method of claim 26, wherein the liquid composition is water.

37. The method of claim 26, wherein the phosphate is selected from the group consisting of ammonium phosphate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, and dialkyl phosphate.

38. The method of claim 26, wherein the phosphate is disodium phosphate.

39. The method of claim 26, wherein the phosphate is the phosphate composition for re-use prepared according to the process of claim 1.

40. The method of claim 26, wherein the stirring is for about 2 hours.

41. The method of claim 26, wherein the stirring is for between 2 hours and 8 hours.

42. The method of claim 26, wherein the stirring is for between 2 hours and 12 hours.

43. The method of claim 26, wherein the stirring is for between 12 and 48 hours.

44. The method of claim 26, wherein the stirring is for at least 12 hours.

45. The method of claim 26, wherein the cooling is in an ice water bath.

46. The method of claim 26, further comprising placing the carbon dioxide dioxaphosphetane composition in a solution and combining sodium borohydride with the solution comprising carbon dioxide dioxaphosphetane to form a formate composition.

47. The method of claim 46, wherein the formate composition is sodium formate.

48. A method of processing a syngas to provide a hydrogen-enriched syngas, the method comprising the steps ofi) combining a) a liquid composition comprising a liquid and a phosphate and b) the syngas to form a first combination;ii) stirring the first combination to form a second combination;iii) cooling the second combination to form a third combination, wherein the third composition comprises a carbon monoxide dioxaphosphetane composition, andiv) removing carbon monoxide from the third composition to provide the hydrogen-enriched syngas.

49. The method of claim 48, wherein the carbon monoxide from step iv) is present in the carbon monoxide dioxaphosphetane composition.Attomey Docket No. 102236-43627850. The method of claim 49, wherein the carbon monoxide dioxaphosphetane composition is in an aqueous composition.

51. The method of claim 49, wherein the carbon monoxide di oxaphosphetane composition is a crystalline composition.

52. The method of claim 48, wherein the syngas comprises hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, or any combination thereof.

53. The method of claim 52, wherein the hydrogen is present in the syngas at about 25-40% (v / v).

54. The method of claim 52, wherein the methane is present in the syngas at about 0-5% (v / v).

55. The method of claim 52, wherein the carbon monoxide is present in the syngas at about 30-60% (v / v).

56. The method of claim 52, wherein the carbon dioxide is present in the syngas at about 5-15% (v / v).

57. The method of claim 48, wherein the hydrogen-enriched syngas comprises a decreased amount of carbon dioxide compared to the syngas.

58. The method of claim 48, wherein the hydrogen-enriched syngas comprises a decreased amount of carbon monoxide compared to the syngas.

59. The method of claim 48, wherein the hydrogen-enriched syngas comprises an increased amount of hydrogen compared to the syngas.

60. The method of claim 48, wherein the hydrogen-enriched syngas comprises hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, or any combination thereof.

61. The method of claim 60, wherein the hydrogen-enriched syngas comprises hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

62. The method of claim 61, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.0: 1.0.

63. The method of claim 61, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.1 : 1.0.

64. The method of claim 61, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.2: 1.0.

65. The method of claim 61, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.3 : 1.0.

66. The method of claim 61, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.4: 1.0.Attorney Docket No. 102236-43627867. The method of claim 61, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.5: 1.0.

68. The method of claim 61, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.6: 1.0.

69. The method of claim 61, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.7: 1.0.

70. The method of claim 61, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.8: 1.0.

71. The method of claim 61, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 1.9: 1.0.

72. The method of claim 61, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 2.0: 1.0.

73. The method of claim 61, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 2.1 : 1.0.

74. The method of claim 61, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 2.2: 1.0.

75. The method of claim 61, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 2.3: 1.0.

76. The method of claim 61, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 2.4: 1.0.

77. The method of claim 61, wherein the hydrogen and the carbon monoxide are present in the hydrogen-enriched syngas at a ratio of about 2.5: 1.0.

78. The method of claim 48, wherein the liquid composition comprises water.

79. The method of claim 48, wherein the liquid composition consists essentially of water.

80. The method of claim 48, wherein the liquid composition consists of water.

81. The method of claim 48, wherein the liquid composition is water.

82. The method of claim 48. wherein the phosphate is selected from the group consisting of ammonium phosphate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, and dialkyl phosphate.

83. The method of claim 48, wherein the phosphate is disodium phosphate.

84. The method of claim 48, wherein the phosphate is the phosphate composition for re-use prepared according to the process of claim 1.

85. The method of claim 48, wherein the stirring is for about 2 hours.

86. The method of claim 48, wherein the stirring is for between 2 hours and 8 hours.Attomey Docket No. 102236-43627887. The method of claim 48, wherein the stirring is for between 2 hours and 12 hours.

88. The method of claim 48. wherein the stirring is for between 12 and 48 hours.

89. The method of claim 48, wherein the stirring is for at least 12 hours.

90. The method of claim 48, wherein the cooling is in an ice water bath.

91. The method of claim 48, further comprising placing the carbon monoxide dioxaphosphetane composition in a solution and combining sodium borohydride with the solution comprising carbon monoxide dioxaphosphetane to form a formate composition.

92. The method of claim 91, wherein the formate composition is sodium formate.

Images