Single axis solar tracking system, components and method of installation

Abstract

Modular horizontal axis solar tracking system 10 has a plurality of preassembled solar panel modules 22 each including a support frame 14 with photovoltaic (PV) solar panels 18 mounted thereto, a plurality of pre-assembled drive assemblies 24 configured to, in use, convey rotational drive to the solar panel modules. Each pre-assembled solar panel module for support between two spaced said drive assemblies for rotation about a rotation axis. A plurality of torque drive shafts 34, each connected between spaced said dive assemblies providing drive for rotation of the solar panel modules. The respective torque drive shaft is spaced from and generally parallel to the rotation axis, wherein the plurality of pre-assembled solar panel modules, the plurality of pre-assembled drive assemblies and the plurality of torque drive shafts are provided as modular components of the system.

Description

SINGLE AXIS SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM, COMPONENTS AND METHOD OF INSTALLATION TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to a single axis solar tracking system, components thereof, and installation.

[0002] One or more forms of the present invention relate(s) to horizontal single axis tracking (HSAT), such as for solar energy collection pre-assembled into modular components that enable efficient material transport, assembly in the field and, optionally, subsequent decommissioning / moving disassembly of utility-scale solar farms.BACKGROUND

[0003] The demand for solar energy collection devices for utility-scale solar photovoltaic farms has led to extensive development of devices and hardware to optimise the collection of photons at the lowest cost to the minimum safety and technical specification for renewable electricity production.

[0004] Numerous problems have been encountered in the design of an efficient solar collection apparatus related to the positioning of the collection apparatus for maximum energy absorption. Because the angle of incidence of the sun varies through the day, and by the season, solar energy collection devices had to be repositioned for efficient photon collection.

[0005] Continuous repositioning of solar energy collection devices to track the sun's movements increases the complexity of the mounting apparatus, material quantities, and installation complexity and time.

[0006] Regarding sun tracking positioning mechanisms, solar energy applications not only need to have a high degree of accuracy tracking the moving position of the sun but also high rigidity so that solar collection panels (PV panels) do not significantly move due to their own weight, or due to steady or variable (gusty) wind loads.

[0007] An early development is disclosed in United States patent document US4383520A, which describes a hardware device for independently rotating an aggregate of solar apparatus about two mutually perpendicular axes, allowing dual-axis tracking systems to track at any time, simultaneously in the vertical and horizontal directions (i.e. elevation and azimuth).

[0008] Single axis tracking systems allow tracking of the sun in a single direction i.e. electively either solely in an approximately vertical direction, also referred to as elevation, or only horizontally, also referred to as azimuthally. A horizontal single-axis tracking ‘HSAT’ system, i.e. tracking about a vertical axis points due north / south at 0° azimuth, such that solar irradiation coming from the sun strike the solar energy collection apparatus from the easterly or westerly direction as its irradiation moves around the Equator.

[0009] Horizontal single axis solar tracker systems having arrays of multiple solar panels mounted on frames typically use a motor driven torque beam to change an angle of inclination of the frame and photovoltaic panels to track the sun’s passage across the sky to optimise panel efficiency. An example of such a system is disclosed in United States patent US 11 ,300,979 B2.

[0010] HSAT systems are known to provide output advantages of up to 30% over fixed-tilt north-facing (southern hemisphere installations) or southfacing (northern hemisphere installation) fixed-tilt solar energy collection arrangements.

[0011] With global interest in developing large scale solar utility installations, a significant disadvantage of utility-scale (i.e. greater than 1MW) installations is the high complexity of the field installation requirements, including the number of materials needing transport to site and subsequent installation by large numbers of skilled labour in sometimes remote locations. Manual field labour activities are also becoming restricted due to the increased management of occupational health and safety risks associated with repetitive lifts, particularly around the prevention of injury from manual tasks of lifting, pushing and pulling of objects. The weight and size of each solar energy collection photovoltaic panel with improving state-of-the-art productions is changing. Utility-scale solar farm installations have continued to adopt the largest-output high-conversion efficiency modules. Since around 2018, such panels have increased in weight to the point where lifting is now beyond the scope of reasonable health and safety of field labour to repeatedly install using two individuals.

[0012] A conventional HSAT requires each component to be delivered to the solar photovoltaic project site for full localised assembly in the field. HSAT installation then requires approximately four bolted connections per solar panel module, two bolted connections per solar module cross arm bracket, ten bolted connections per torque tube connector, four bolted connections per torque tube bearing and four bolted connections per foundation connection. Assuming a nominal photovoltaic panel module size of 500W, a typical utility-scale HSAT installation requires more than 20,000 field-assembled bolted connections per MW.

[0013] Another weakness of current HSAT hardware for utility-scale (i.e. greater than 1MW) installations is their susceptibility to premature failure of components due to wind flutter and divergence, resulting in one example, torsional galloping to failure. Torsional galloping arises when the wind speed exceeds a certain critical value, causing angular oscillations with increasing amplitude until the HSAT structure collapses. Conventional engineering failurepractice recommends either strengthening the torque tube for increased torsional stiffness, increasing the number of foundation pillars or adjusting the angle during a wind event to reduce the chance of complete failure.

[0014] Repetitive plastic deformation of the individually mounted photovoltaic solar panel also occurs over time. Wind load applies torsional stress, which causes flex and twist unevenly along the horizontal torque tube and at each panel. This flex between the mounting fixtures of an individual photovoltaic solar panel has been shown to cause microcracks in the glass and silicon wafer layers of the panel, which accelerate failure, moisture-induced degradation and overall production output of the photovoltaic solar panel.

[0015] A typical HSAT hardware example described in the aforementioned United States patent US 11,300,979 B2 correlates closely with the study of these failure modes. Many photovoltaic solar panels are unlikely to reach their 25-year design life when used in windy terrain with designs of prior art. The use of oil-filled or gas-filled damping supports have now been adopted by industry to reduce but not remove the effects of the torsional galloping phenomenon.

[0016] To obtain accurate angular positioning of solar panels, high gear ratios are necessary, yet inertial mass needs to be minimised. Further, stability in the presence of extreme temperature and humidity environmental factors is required. It is with the aforementioned problem(s) in mind that the present invention has been developed.

[0017] One or more forms of the present invention demonstrates a novel solution for distributing positioning force and position retention in a uniform manner throughout the length of the HSAT installation to maintain accurate angular directions of solar energy collection devices while reducing the ability ofwind flutter and divergence to cause failure modes such as torsional galloping experienced by known HSAT designs.

[0018] References to prior art in this specification are provided for illustrative purposes only and are not to be taken as an admission that such prior art is part of the common general knowledge in Australia or elsewhere.SUMMARY

[0019] It is an aim of the present invention to provide a modular solar tracking system that is economical to produce, install and maintain.

[0020] One or more aspects of the present invention provides a horizontal axis solar tracking system, the system being modular including a plurality of solar panel modules and a plurality of drive assemblies.

[0021] Each said solar panel module may be configured to be supported between two spaced said drive assemblies for rotation about a rotation axis.

[0022] A plurality of torque drive shafts may be provided to connect between spaced said dive assemblies to provide drive for rotation of the solar panel modules.

[0023] The respective torque drive shaft may be spaced from and generally parallel to the rotation axis. The respective torque drive shaft may drive rotation of the respective solar panel module through gearing provided by each drive assembly. Each drive assembly may include reduction gearing to provide a required gear ratio for controlled angular motion / rotation of the respective solar panel module.

[0024] One or more embodiments may include a modular horizontal axis solar tracking system, the system being modular including: a plurality of preassembled solar panel modules, each said solar panel module including a support frame with photovoltaic (pV) solar panels mounted thereto, a plurality of pre-assembled drive assemblies configured to, in use, convey rotational drive to the solar panel modules, wherein each said pre-assembled solar panel module is configured to be supported between two spaced said drive assemblies for rotation about a rotation axis, a plurality of torque drive shafts, each connected between spaced said dive assemblies to provide drive for rotation of the solar panel modules, wherein the respective torque drive shaft is spaced from and generally parallel to the rotation axis, wherein the plurality of pre-assembled solar panel modules, the plurality of pre-assembled drive assemblies and the plurality of torque drive shafts are provided as modular components of the system.

[0025] The plurality of pre-assembled modular solar panel modules may be arranged as a stacked configuration on a first transport platform to transport and deliver to site for in-turn pick and fit installation of each preassembled modular solar panel module.

[0026] The plurality of pre-assembled drive assemblies may be arranged as a racked configuration to transport and deliver to site for in-turn pick and fit installation of each said pre-assembled drive assembly. The preassembled drive assemblies may be suspended on at least one support rack on a second transport platform e.g. for transport to site thereon.

[0027] At least one of the torque drive shafts preferably the plurality of torque drive shafts, may be arranged for transport on the at least one support rack on the second transport platform with the pre-assembled drive assemblies.

[0028] Embodiments of the present invention may include a kit of parts, such as for delivery to, and assembly / installation, on site. The kit of parts mayinclude the plurality of preassembled solar panel modules, the plurality of preassembled drive assemblies and the plurality of torque drive shafts.

[0029] One or more of the solar panel modules may include support brackets for mounting the respective solar panel modules to spaced said preassembled drive assemblies.

[0030] The support brackets can be provided attached inboard of an outer portion, and preferably projecting outboard / outside of the periphery, of a frame of the respective solar panel module, the frame configured to support the solar panels for rotation about the rotation axis. Having the support brackets mounted inboard of the outer portion of the frame helps to more centralise a centre of gravity of the solar panel module for improved load balance and drive efficiency for the solar panel module supported for rotation by and between the supporting preassembled drive assemblies. Having the support brackets project outboard enables efficient attachment for lifting / hoisting with reduced risk of damage to solar panels mounted to the frames.

[0031] The support brackets e.g. ‘boots’ can be arranged and configured to be provided inboard of each frame (aka table) profile beam. At least one cross-arm ‘tube’ may also connect elongate longitudinal members of the frame to help rigidity the overall frame.

[0032] Each of the support brackets may include a lift point, such as a lift eye or hook portion to receive a lift device of a lift means, such as for connection of a flexible left member of the lift means. Lift device may include one or more lifting hooks (e.g. 8mm lifting hooks) to lift, transport and position each said solar panel module for installation supported between two spaced said preassemble drive assemblies. Each of the solar panel modules can be ‘picked’ from a said stack of the solar panel modules.

[0033] The bearing block arrangement can include at least one bush / bearing arrangement enabling the axle to be removed from one-side in the field e.g. if the bush(es) ever need replacing.

[0034] It will be appreciated that the solar panel modules are preferably not directly driven by or mounted on or fixed to the torque drive shaft. Rather, they can be indirectly driven by the torque drive shaft through the gearing provided by the drive assemblies transferring rotational drive from the torque drive shaft to the solar panel modules to rotate about the rotation axis.

[0035] The drive assemblies can be ground mounted, such as being attached to / on ground mount posts / elements or having integral posts themselves mounted on or into the ground or onto / into foundations.

[0036] One or more forms of the present invention may provide a method of installing a horizontal single axis tracking system includes providing a plurality of solar panel modules, providing a plurality of drive assemblies configured, and providing a plurality of torque drive shafts, preferably all provided to site on at least one transportable platform, installing the drive assemblies in a linear spaced alignment, mounting the solar panel modules between two spaced said drive assemblies, connecting the torque drive shaft between spaced said drive assemblies, the drive assemblies configured to convert rotational drive from the torque drive shaft through gearing to rotate the solar panel modules through a range of rotational motion.

[0037] Embodiments of the method may include providing at least one of the drive assemblies as at least one master or primary drive assembly include a drive means (such as a powered drive e.g. a slew drive / slew geararrangement).

[0038] Embodiments may include providing the plurality of preassembled modular solar panel modules as a stacked configuration on a first transport platform to transport and deliver to site for in-turn pick and fit installation of each pre-assembled modular solar panel module.

[0039] Embodiments may include providing the plurality of preassembled drive assemblies in racked configuration to transport and deliver to site for in-turn pick and fit installation of each said pre-assembled drive assembly.

[0040] Embodiments may include suspending / hanging pre-assembled drive assemblies on at least one support rack on a second transport platform.

[0041] Embodiments may include providing the plurality of preassembled modular solar panel modules with lift points and lifting each solar panel module in turn form a stack of the solar panel modules and installing each said solar panel module supporting on spaced said preassembled drive assemblies.

[0042] The plurality of photovoltaic (solar / PV) panels can have electrical interconnectivity to series-connected array strings. Beams of the frame can provide electrical wiring protection e.g. internal or external of the respective beam, for mechanical protection, UV protection and aesthetics (i.e. cabling can be discrete and hidden). For example, once string-return cables are positioned at the latter phase of modular system installation, the profile of the beams allows a separate cable cover to surround and / or support cables. The cable cover may clip into place or otherwise attach to the respective beam e.g. using opposed grooves of the beam as a spring-clip attachment means e.g. the cover having integral projections that reside, in use, within the respective groove. The cables can run in the space created between the underside of the beam and the lower interior surface of the cover. Thus, cables can be efficiently and effectively installed via the clip-on cable cover onto the bottom of the table module beam.Once the mechanical modular parts are installed, an electrician can run-out cables and clip them up into position to the table. Alternatively or in addition, the cables can run within the respective beam(s).

[0043] An expansion tube joint can be provided which is configured to connect the support bracket (e.g. alloy moulded boot insert), such as when inserted into beam, and the cross-arm tube. Connection can be by expansion joint.

[0044] A number of the plurality of drive assemblies may be slave drive assemblies, each configured to convey drive from the at least one master / primary drive assembly, such as via the connected torque drive shaft(s), to rotate the respective solar panel module(s) about the respective rotation axis.

[0045] One or more aspects of the present invention provides a drive assembly for a horizontal single axis tracking (HSAT) system.

[0046] Embodiments may include providing support to a portion of at least one solar panel module for rotation about a rotation axis at the drive assembly and configured to convey drive through gearing.

[0047] Embodiments can include the drive assembly configured to be drivingly coupled between a drive means and at least one solar panel module. The respective drive assembly can include a drive gear engaged with an arcuate gear to convey rotational drive about a rotation axis to the at least one solar panel module.

[0048] The arcuate gear can follow a portion of a circumference of an arc of a radius centred on the rotation axis.

[0049] The drive assembly may be a pre-assembled modular gear train assembly configured to be supported by a ground support and to enable a range of rotational movement of a solar panel module about a pivot axis. The pivot axis can be between two or more spaced said drive assemblies.

[0050] The arcuate gear may be configured to be driven by the drive gear to rotate with the solar panel module about the rotation axis.

[0051] Embodiments include a plate portion incorporating the arcuate gear. The plate portion may include a recess or slot incorporating the arcuate gear.

[0052] The drive assembly may be a slave drive assembly receiving rotational drive, such as from the torque drive shaft. The respective torque drive shaft may connect and transfer drive between two spaced said drive assemblies. At least one said torque drive shaft can connect between at least two spaced said drive assemblies parallel or coaxial with the rotation axis.

[0053] The drive assembly may be a primary drive assembly including a powered driver configured to rotationally drive the respective drive gear.

[0054] The drive assembly may include at least one drive shaft coupler configured to releasably engage with the torque drive shaft to receive rotational drive therefrom.

[0055] The powered driver may include a power-driven slew drive or slew gear assembly. The powered driver may include an electric motor, pneumatic drive or hydraulic drive.

[0056] Embodiments may include at least one damper configured to dampen wind induced rotational movement of the at least one solar panel moduleabout the rotational axis. The at least one damper may include at least one gas, hydraulic and / or pneumatic damper.

[0057] One or more embodiments of the drive assembly may include at least one support column for engagement into a ground surface or with a ground surface mount or foundation. The at least one support column includes first and second support columns with part of the plate portion secured therebetween.

[0058] One or more embodiments may include an attachment member to connect the drive assembly to a support post or foundation member.

[0059] One or more aspects of the present invention may include a horizontal single axis tracking (HSAT) system including a plurality of the drive assemblies.

[0060] The drive assemblies may be or include spaced drive assemblies, such as provided spaced in a linear array. The drive assemblies may preferably be mechanically interconnected to simultaneously drive rotation of at least one solar panel module.

[0061] A plurality of the drive assemblies may be driving ly interconnected by at least one torque drive shaft to impart mechanical drive to the drive assemblies for simultaneous rotation of a plurality of the solar panel modules.

[0062] One or more aspects of the present invention may include a method of installing a horizontal single axis tracking (HSAT) system including: installing a number of drive assemblies in a linear spaced relationship, connecting two or more of the drive assemblies with a torque drive shaft, installing at least one solar panel module between at least two consecutive said spaced driveassemblies. The solar panel modules can be driven by the drive assemblies to simultaneously rotate to track movement of the sun.

[0063] At least one of the drive assemblies may be a primary drive assembly configured to impart drive to the drive assemblies connected by the respective torque drive shaft to drive rotational motion of the solar panel modules about a pivot axis of each respective drive assembly.

[0064] Embodiments may include providing a plurality of the drive assemblies, a plurality of the torque drive shafts, and a plurality of the solar panel modules, to site on a respective transport platform.

[0065] The solar panel modules may each include a sub-frame arranged and configured to support at least one solar panel attached thereto.

[0066] The drive assemblies may be pre-assembled drive units ready to be supported by the respective ground support and to support, in use, a portion of a respective solar panel module for rotation by the drive assembly.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0067] One or more embodiments of the present invention will hereinafter be described with reference to the accompanying Figures, in which:

[0068] Figure 1 shows an exploded view of a horizontal single axis tracker (HSAT) arrangement according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0069] Figure 2A shows a modular HSAT installation including 10 solar panel arrays / modules, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0070] Figure 2B shows detail from Figure 2A.

[0071] Figures 3A to 3D show features of a drive assembly according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0072] Figures 4A and 4B show detail features of a drive assembly according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0073] Figure 5 shows features of a slew drive arrangement and drive assembly according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0074] Figures 6A to 6D show views of a stack of solar panel modules (pre-assembled solar panels and tables) according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0075] Figures 7A to 7D show detail features of the solar panel modules according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0076] Figures 8A to 8D show views of drive assembly transport racking according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0077] Figures 9A and 9B show respective plan and side views of a 10 module HSAT installation according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0078] Figure 10 shows detail A from Figure 9A, being an end view of the HSAT module installation with rotational angle range indicated, such as a range of east and west direction angular rotation from horizontal.

[0079] Figure 11 shows an exploded view of a modular horizontal single axis tracker (HSAT) arrangement according to a further embodiment of the present invention.

[0080] Figure 12A shows a modular HSAT installation including multiple solar panel arrays / modules, according to a further embodiment of the present invention.

[0081] Figure 12B shows (enlarged) detail from Figure 12A.

[0082] Figures 13A to 13D show features of a drive assembly according to one or more further embodiments of the present invention.

[0083] Figures 14A and 14B show detail features of a drive assembly according to one or more further embodiments of the present invention.

[0084] Figure 15 shows features of a slew drive arrangement and drive assembly according to one or more further embodiments of the present invention.

[0085] Figures 16A to 16D show views of a stack of solar panel modules (pre-assembled solar panels and tables) for a modular HSAT installation according to one or more further embodiments of the present invention.

[0086] Figures 17A to 17D show detail features of the solar panel modular table according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0087] Figures 18A to 18D show views of drive assembly transport racking according to one or more further embodiments of the present invention.

[0088] Figures 19A and 19B show respective plan and side views of a multiple module HSAT installation according to one or more further embodiments of the present invention.

[0089] Figure 20 shows detail A from Figure 19A, being an end view of the HSAT module installation with rotational angle range (RAR) indicated, such as a range of east and west direction angular rotation from horizontal.DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT(S)

[0090] One or more embodiments of the present invention will hereinafter be described with reference to the drawings. In the following detailed description, reference is made to accompanying drawings which form a part of the detailed description. The illustrative embodiments described in the detailed description, depicted in the drawings and defined in the claims, are not intended to be limiting. Other embodiments may be utilised, and other changes may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the subject matter presented.

[0091] It will be readily understood that the aspects and embodiments of the present disclosure, as generally described herein and illustrated in particular embodiments in the accompanying drawings can be arranged, substituted, combined, separated, and designed in a wide variety of different configurations, all of which are contemplated in this disclosure.

[0092] One or more embodiments of the present invention includes a solar tracking system 10 and / or components thereof / therefor.

[0093] Embodiments can include a pivoting table 12 arranged and configured to be driven for rotation about a rotation axis 46 through a rotational angle range (RAR) about the rotation axis 46.

[0094] The pivoting table 12 can include a longitudinally extending rectangular frame 14. The frame 14 may include a number of structurally profiled beams 14a, 14b on two sides. The beams 14a, 14b may be spaced apart and connected, preferably welded or bolted, to respective cross-supporting members 16 (e.g. 16a, 16b) at each end.

[0095] A plurality of photovoltaic panels 18 are supported and attached by one or more fasteners 20 to the structural profile frame of the pivoting table 12.

[0096] To aid structural rigidity, without significantly increasing material weight excessively, an additional benefit of one or more embodiments is the rolled metal beam profile 22a (see Figs. 7B Detail B and 7C Detail C).

[0097] The pivoting table 12 forms the base support of one solar panel module 22, herein also referred to as SPM. Embodiments can include a plurality of photovoltaic panels 18 connected using structural fasteners 66 to increase the overall rigidity of the SPM 22, with optional rivet type fasteners 66a helping to prevent theft of photovoltaic panels and to optimise the frame design for automated factory assembly.

[0098] The plurality of photovoltaic panels 18 can have electrical interconnectivity to series-connected array strings. Another benefit of one or more embodiments is the beams 14 provide an electrical wiring enclosure; for mechanical protection, UV protection and aesthetics (i.e. cabling can be discrete and hidden).

[0099] One or more embodiments may optionally include one or more cable gland and / or conduit holes (e.g. 64), preferably provided at each junction of beam 14 and cross-supporting channel 16 for inter-SPM wiring and within each SPM 22 for string wiring.

[0100] Each SPM 22 is coupled to a drive assembly 24 (aka gear train assembly), such as by bolt type fasteners 26, configured to provide locating-pin functionality for transport stacking (see Figs. 6A to 6D) of multiple SPMs and installation efficiency to easily crane-lift or forklift an SPM 22 using the four cranelifting points 28 of the respective cross-arm 16 into its awaiting driven drive assembly 24 using the SPM 22 coupling bolts 26 as locating pins on the drive assembly 24 support bracket 30. Such embodiments help to eliminate the need for manual handling of photovoltaic panels in the field for assembly and disassembly of the system.

[0101] The drive assembly 24 provides rigidity, the axis of rotation and transfers positioning force to drive the rotation of the SPM 22 about the rotation axis 46 through at least a part of the rotational angle range (RAR, e.g. see Fig. 10).

[0102] The drive assembly 24 can include a plate 24a incorporating an arcuate gear 54, which may be provided in, or as part of, an opening 53 in or through the plate 24a, such as a recess or slot, in the plate 24a.

[0103] The plate 24a can be pivotably mounted to / between first (or front) and second (or rear) support columns 62 (62a, 62b) supported on a support post 62c.

[0104] One or more embodiments of the solar tracking system 10 includes a (master) slew drive 32 (see Fig. 5) for the primary provision of rotating force and retention of braking force about the rotation axis 46 through the rotational angle range (RAR).

[0105] Preferably, the slew drive 32 is coupled via a longitudinally extending structural torque drive shaft 34, herein referred to as TDS 34 (see Fig.1), to each drive assembly 24 (e.g. see Figs. 3 & 4) so driving force and retentionbraking can be transferred through the drive assembly 24 meshed-gear system / mechanism 36 to increase the torque of the driving force at each interface / connection between the drive assembly 24 and the respective SPM 22.

[0106] The TDS 34 can be directly coupled by a drive shaft coupler 38 through the centre sun gear 40 of the drive assembly 24. The drive shaft coupler 38 can provide the power take off coupling for the next module’s TDS 34.

[0107] For structural anchoring stability, each drive assembly 24 can be coupled at its base to a foundation 42 (see Fig. 1 ), such as by a number of structural flanged metal bolts 44, preferably with appropriate anti-corrosive metal or equivalent. The foundation may include a galvanised steel pile-driven universal beam post (i.e. I-beam or H-beam) into normal soil.

[0108] It will be appreciated that embodiments of the drive assembly can overcome lack of torsional rigidity along the rotation axis 46 by distributing the benefits of high-torque, direct-force and load restraint of the rigid drive system at regular intervals along the installation, in other words, at each drive assembly 24 and each solar panel module (SPM) 22.

[0109] It will be appreciated that each drive assembly provides an integral, adjustable, horizontal single axis tracking (HSAT) system support with meshed geared drive system / mechanism 46 (e.g. centre sun gear 40 meshing with arcuate gear 54, e.g. see Figs. 4A & 4B), a SPM 22 positioning drive attachment (e.g. support bracket 30) with at least one damper 50 e.g. providing supplementary wind-vortex damping.

[0110] Mechanical safety lockout can be provided by a mechanical safety lockout device 52 e.g. configured to lock the drive assembly 24 and prevent the solar panel module (SPM) from rotating away from horizontal.

[0111] It will be appreciated that the drive assembly enables the HSAT system to keep the positioning of solar panels uniform throughout its length, and the attachment of rigid SPMs further increases the stability around the rotation axis 46, during re-positioning and volatile wind loading, further distributing the force provided by a singular slew-drive 32 (e.g. see Fig 5), distributing its power to each drive assembly 24 slave drive gear 36 via a torque drive shaft (TDS) 34 along a whole HSAT installation / system (e.g. see Figs. 9A and 9B).

[0112] The rotation, driving force and alignment of the sun gear 40 is maintained by the drive assembly 24 positioning drive coupler 38 (e.g. see Fig 4A) which can pass through, or otherwise be connected to, the sun gear 40 for direct drive from the TDS 34.

[0113] Freedom of rotation, drive system torsional forces and accuracy of alignment of drive assembly positioning drive coupler 38 can be maintained by a bearing arrangement 56, such as a bearing 58 (e.g. an engineered plastic bearing block) and bush 60 mounted to or within one or both of the first (or front) and second (or rear) support columns 62 (62a, 62b) of the drive assembly 24. The bearing block 58 may be attached to the respective support column 62 by one or more fasteners 59. In such embodiments, the respective bearing 58 may include a bearing block, preferably of engineered polymer / plastic (nominally ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), nylons, ABS or plastic resins) configured to withstand the environmental conditions, while maintaining low friction, hard wearing, high load characteristics without material dimensional variance due to stress, environmental conditions and moisture absorption. In one or more embodiments, the bearing arrangement 56 may be substituted with an alternative bearing type / material, such as conventional sealed ball or roller bearings.

[0114] A damper mechanism 50 may be provided with / incorporated into the drive assembly 24 e.g. to reduce to a minimum, any remaining wind-vortex vibration forces along the rotation axis 46 due to backlash tolerances within the meshed gears 36 (sun gear 40 and arcuate gear 54) or TDS 34 connection to the drive assembly. Embodiments may include at least one oil or gas filled damper.

[0115] The torque drive shaft (TDS) 34 may include a metal drive shaft, such as a steel tube profile shaft, which may be of a cold-drawn, then pressed galvanised steel tube. According to one or more embodiments, the TDS steel tube profile may be of an agricultural-industry-standard ‘triangle PTO extension’ specification.

[0116] The TDS 34 may incorporate a hole 34a for a safety device connection (e.g. a safety pin or bolted connection) to the drive assembly 24 positioning drive coupler 38 (e.g. through a corresponding hole 58a of the coupler 38).

[0117] It will be appreciated that the drive assembly 24 positioning drive coupler 38 may also be of the same cold-drawn, then pressed galvanised, steel tube profile with an agricultural-industry-standard ‘triangle PTO extension’ specification, albeit preferably a size lower, with safety pin connection holes, to neatly nest into the hollow end of the TDS 34.

[0118] In one or more alternative embodiments, the torque drive shaft (TDS) 34 and the drive assembly 24 positioning drive coupler 38 may include alternative steel tube profiles and surface treatments for improved rotational strength and precision.

[0119] The slew-drive 32 may include an electromechanical drive means 32a, such as an electric motor (which may be coupled to drive gearing of the slew drive through a gearbox 32a1), arranged and configured to drive the TDS 34, and may be connected to drive the drive assembly central to the HSATe.g. to provide rotational force for the HSAT system / installation (e.g. see Figs. 2A, 2B, 9A & 9B). For example, a system comprising ten SPMs 22 can have eleven gear train assemblies 24 and ten TDSs 34. In other embodiments, the slew drive 32 may be positioned at other locations, including the extremities of the HSAT. In other embodiments, the slew drive may be substituted by an electromechanical actuator apparatus or hydraulic drive system. The slew drive 32 may be mounted on one or more mounting brackets 32b.

[0120] The slew drive may include an adapter 32c with a positioning drive coupler 38 configured to receive an end of the TDS 34.

[0121] The drive assembly may include a guide 68 for the arcuate gear (such as the plate 24a). The guide can act to steady the arcuate gear and preferably help to retain the arcuate gear in meshing contact with the sun gear 40.

[0122] It will be appreciated that embodiments of the present invention enable distributed force from the TDS 34 and gear train assemblies 24 to be uniform to the SPMs along the entire length of the HSAT, reducing the required size, complexity and / or power of the slew drive typically used for a conventional HSAT.

[0123] In this embodiment, the slew drive 32 may be powered and controlled by a HSAT-mounted apparatus, such as a string-voltage-charged battery incorporating solar tracking positioning algorithms, wireless wind speed sensor inputs, HSAT tilt angle sensor feedback with real time positioning and back tracking control to prevent inter-HSAT shading. This provides an arrangement to modularise and remove the slew drive power and control cables typically used for HSAT systems, reducing materials and field-labour. In one or more other embodiments, the HSAT slew drive 32 may be powered and controlled separately by other independent or site wide control systems.

[0124] Conventional utility-scale HSAT solar farms use several common methods of foundation to anchor the HSAT to ground (ground level, GL) to withstand the wind loading and other structural requirements of the specific location. These maybe broadly classified into normal soil, sandy or soft soil and rock. The most common of HSAT solar farm installations are of HSAT foundations into normal soil, mostly achieved through piling / ramming of galvanised steel universal beam sections, sometimes known as I-beams and H-beams into the soil at depth. The size, length and interval of the foundation post varies with conditions, however the GTM has been designed to minimise the site effort to attach the module to a foundation post 42.

[0125] According to one or more embodiments, the drive assembly 24 can include or be attached to an attachment member 70 to connect the drive assembly to a foundation member 42, such as a pile-driven foundation post e.g. using two 16mm high tensile flange bolts and nut directly to the post. The drive assembly can include a level of X-Y-Z dimension adjustment to account for variations in the foundation post installation e.g. if it is not plumb. The attachment member may include mounting point 74 for an end of the damper 50.

[0126] The solar panel modules (SPM) 22 may be transported on a support platform 76, such as a skid or pallet, preferably stacked ready for deployment / installation. The respective support platform 76 may have forklift fork insertion points 78 to receive respective forks for lifting and transport of the support platform.

[0127] In another embodiment, the GTM incorporates an attachment to connect to a ballast block, concrete pad or structure using four bolted connections at the base.

[0128] In another embodiment, the GTM incorporates an attachment to stand directly onto the soil surface, to be secured to the earth using self-grouting,self-drilling ground anchors into / below ground level (GL) and / or screw piles typically used in road construction and mining for soft soil, broken soil or hard rock geotechnical conditions.

[0129] One or more embodiments can include delivering the drive assemblies to site, such on a transport rack and / or support platform / carrier. Solar panels and solar panel support frames can be delivered to site on a respective transport platform / carrier. The solar panels and support frames may be preassembled as solar panel modules and transported to site on the respective support platform / carrier. Likewise, a plurality of the torque drive shafts can be transported to site on a transport platform / carrier.

[0130] A method of installing a horizontal single axis tracking (HSAT) system can include installing a number of drive assemblies in a linear spaced relationship, connecting two or more of the drive assemblies with a respective torque drive shaft, and installing at least one solar panel module between at least two consecutive said spaced drive assemblies.

[0131] The drive assemblies can be provided as pre-assembled drive units / assemblies to be supported by a respective ground support and to support, in use, a portion of a respective solar panel module for rotation by the drive assembly.

[0132] One or more further embodiments of the present invention includes a solar tracking system 110 and / or components thereof / therefor.Embodiments can include a pivoting table 112 arranged and configured to be driven for rotation about a rotation axis 146 e.g. through a rotational angle range (RAR) about the rotation axis 146.

[0133] The pivoting table 112 can include a longitudinally extending rectangular frame 114. The frame 114 may include a number of structurally profiled beams 114a, 114b on two sides with an outer frame portion 114c.

[0134] The beams 114a, 114b may be spaced apart and connected, preferably fastened, welded or bolted, to respective cross-support members 117 (e.g. 117a, 117b) at each end. These cross-support members 117 can each include a tube. Each tube may be expansion pressed / connected (e.g. expanded in holes 119 in longitudinal members of the frame) or otherwise connected (e.g. riveted) to the frame 114 for rigidity. Such structure beneficially aids rigidity and reduces the number of component parts required, thereby reducing complexity, time and cost for assembly.

[0135] Embodiments include a modular panel structure incorporating multiple solar panels attached to the pivoting table frame. Such modules can each be pre-assembled for delivery to site for rapid deployment as pre-assembled modules without requiring on-site sub-assembly of solar panels onto support frames. A plurality of photovoltaic panels 118 can be supported and attached e.g. by one or more fasteners 120, to the structural profile frame of the pivoting table 112. For example, the pivoting table 112 forms the base support of one solar panel module 122, herein also referred to as an SPM (solar panel module).

[0136] As previously mentioned herein, the plurality of photovoltaic (solar) panels 118 can have electrical interconnectivity to series-connected array strings. Another benefit of one or more embodiments is that beams (e.g. beams 114a, 114b) of the frame can provide an electrical wiring enclosure; for mechanical protection, UV protection and aesthetics (i.e. cabling can be discrete and hidden). For example, once string-return cables are positioned at the latter phase of modular system installation, the profile of the beams allows a separate cable cover 131 to surround, support cables then clip into place using opposed grooves 149a, 149b of the beam 114a, 114b as a spring-clip attachment meanse.g. the cover having integral projections 151a, 151b that reside, in use, within the respective groove 149a, 149b. The cables (not shown) can run in the space 153 created between the underside of the beam 114a, 114b and the lower interior surface of the cover 131. Thus, cables can be efficiently and effectively installed via the clip-on cable cover 131 onto the bottom of the table module beam. Once the mechanical modular parts are installed, an electrician can run-out cables and clip them up into position to the table.

[0137] Each SPM 122 is coupled to a drive assembly 124 (aka gear train assembly), configured to provide locating-pin functionality for transport stacking (see Figs. 16A to 16D) of multiple SPMs and installation efficiency to easily crane-lift or forklift an SPM 122 using multiple e.g. four, lift points 127 provided by the support brackets 123 into its awaiting driven drive assembly 124. Such embodiments help to eliminate the need for manual handling of photovoltaic panels in the field for assembly and disassembly of the system.

[0138] The support brackets 123 (for the frame / SPM) can themselves be supported on support brackets 130 (130a, 130b) of the respective drive assemblies - see Fig 15. Attachment thereto can be by fastening e.g. bolting.

[0139] For SPM stacking, such as for transport to site prior to installation, the support brackets 123 can provide respective support feet 143 configured to rest on, and preferably interlock for secure stacking / transport, with the respective support bracket 123 therebelow.

[0140] Each said support bracket 123 can include a support region 145, such as a landing, to receive thereon the respective foot portion of the respective bracket of the SPM stacked above.

[0141] The drive assembly 124 provides rigidity, the axis of rotation and transfers positioning force to drive the rotation of the SPM 122 about the rotationaxis 146 through at least a part of the rotational angle range (RAR, e.g. see Fig.20).

[0142] The drive assembly 124 can include a plate 124a incorporating an arcuate gear 154, which may be provided in, or as part of, an opening 153 in or through the plate 124a, such as a recess or slot in the plate 124a.

[0143] The plate 124a can be pivotably mounted to / between first (or front) and second (or rear) support columns 162 (162a, 162b) supported on a support post 162c.

[0144] One or more embodiments of the solar tracking system 10 includes a (master) slew drive 132 (see Fig. 15) for the primary provision of rotating force and retention of braking force about the rotation axis 146 through the rotational angle range (RAR).

[0145] Preferably, the slew drive 132 is coupled via a longitudinally extending structural torque drive shaft 134, herein referred to as TDS 134 (see Fig. 1 ), to each drive assembly 124 (e.g. see Figs. 3 & 4) so driving force and retention braking can be transferred through the drive assembly 124 meshed-gear system / mechanism 136 to increase the torque of the driving force at each interface / connection between the drive assembly 124 and the respective SPM 122.

[0146] The TDS 134 can be directly coupled by a drive shaft coupler 138 through the centre sun gear 140 of the drive assembly 124. The drive shaft coupler 138 can provide the power take off coupling for the next module’s TDS 134.

[0147] For structural anchoring stability, each drive assembly 24 can be coupled at its base to a foundation 142 (see Fig. 1), such as by a number ofstructural flanged metal bolts 144, preferably with appropriate anti-corrosive metal or equivalent. The foundation may include a galvanised steel pile-driven universal beam post (i.e. I-beam or H-beam) into normal soil.

[0148] It will be appreciated that embodiments of the drive assembly can overcome lack of torsional rigidity along the rotation axis 146 by distributing the benefits of high-torque, direct-force and load restraint of the rigid drive system at regular intervals along the installation, in other words, at each drive assembly 24 and each solar panel module (SPM) 122.

[0149] It will be appreciated that each drive assembly provides an integral, adjustable, horizontal single axis tracking (HSAT) system support with meshed geared drive system / mechanism 146 (e.g. centre sun gear 140 meshing with arcuate gear 154, e.g. see Figs. 14A & 14B), a SPM 122 positioning drive attachment (e.g. drive assembly support bracket 130) with at least one damper 150 e.g. providing supplementary wind-vortex damping.

[0150] Mechanical safety lockout can be provided by a mechanical safety lockout device 152 e.g. configured to lock the drive assembly 124 and prevent the solar panel module (SPM) from rotating away from horizontal.

[0151] It will be appreciated that the drive assembly enables the HSAT system to keep the positioning of solar panels uniform throughout its length, and the attachment of rigid SPMs further increases the stability around the rotation axis 146, during re-positioning and volatile wind loading, further distributing the force provided by a singular slew-drive 132 (e.g. see Fig 15), distributing its power to each drive assembly 124 slave drive gear 136 via a torque drive shaft (TDS) 134 along a whole HSAT installation / system (e.g. see Figs. 19A and 19B).

[0152] The rotation, driving force and alignment of the sun gear 140 is maintained by the drive assembly 124 positioning drive coupler 138 (e.g. see Fig14A) which can pass through, or otherwise be connected to, the sun gear 140 for direct drive from the TDS 134.

[0153] Freedom of rotation, drive system torsional forces and accuracy of alignment of drive assembly positioning drive coupler 138 can be maintained by a bearing arrangement 156, such as a bearing 158 (e.g. an engineered plastic bearing block) and bush 160 mounted to or within one or both of the first (or front) and second (or rear) support columns 162 (162a, 162b) of the drive assembly 124. The bearing block 158 may be attached to the respective support column 62 by one or more fasteners 159. In such embodiments, the respective bearing 58 may include a bearing block, preferably of engineered polymer / plastic (nominally ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), nylons, ABS or plastic resins) configured to withstand the environmental conditions, while maintaining low friction, hard wearing, high load characteristics without material dimensional variance due to stress, environmental conditions and moisture absorption. In one or more embodiments, the bearing arrangement 156 may be substituted with an alternative bearing type / material, such as conventional sealed ball or roller bearings.

[0154] A damper mechanism 150 may be provided with / incorporated into the drive assembly 124 e.g. to reduce to a minimum, any remaining windvortex vibration forces along the rotation axis 146 due to backlash tolerances within the meshed gears 136 (sun gear 140 and arcuate gear 154) or TDS 134 connection to the drive assembly. Embodiments may include at least one oil or gas filled damper.

[0155] The torque drive shaft (TDS) 134 may include a metal drive shaft, such as a steel tube profile shaft, which may be of a cold-drawn, then pressed galvanised steel tube. According to one or more embodiments, the TDS steel tube profile may be of an agricultural-industry-standard ‘triangle PTO extension’ specification.

[0156] The TDS 134 may incorporate a hole 134a for a safety device connection (e.g. a safety pin or bolted connection) to the drive assembly 124 positioning drive coupler 138 (e.g. through a corresponding hole 158a of the coupler 138).

[0157] It will be appreciated that the drive assembly 124 positioning drive coupler 138 may also be of the same cold-drawn, then pressed galvanised, steel tube profile with an agricultural-industry-standard ‘triangle PTO extension’ specification, albeit preferably a size lower, with safety pin connection holes, to neatly nest into the hollow end of the TDS 134.

[0158] In one or more alternative embodiments, the torque drive shaft (TDS) 134 and the drive assembly 124 positioning drive coupler 138 may include alternative steel tube profiles and surface treatments for improved rotational strength and precision.

[0159] The slew-drive 132 may include an electromechanical drive means 132a, such as an electric motor (which may be coupled to drive gearing of the slew drive through a gearbox 132a1 ), arranged and configured to drive the TDS 134, and may be connected to drive the drive assembly central to the HSAT e.g. to provide rotational force for the HSAT system / installation (e.g. see Figs. 12A, 12B, 19A & 19B). For example, a system comprising ten SPMs 122 can have eleven gear train assemblies 124 and ten TDSs 134. In other embodiments, the slew drive 132 may be positioned at other locations, including the extremities of the HSAT. In other embodiments, the slew drive may be substituted by an electromechanical actuator apparatus or hydraulic drive system. The slew drive 32 may be mounted on one or more mounting brackets 132b.

[0160] The slew drive may include an adapter 132c with a positioning drive coupler 138 configured to receive an end of the TDS 134.

[0161] It will be appreciated that embodiments of the present invention enable distributed force from the TDS 134 and gear train assemblies 124 to be uniform to the SPMs along the entire length of the HSAT, reducing the required size, complexity and / or power of the slew drive typically used for a conventional HSAT.

[0162] In such an arrangement, the slew drive 132 may be powered and controlled by a HSAT-mounted apparatus, such as a string-voltage-charged battery incorporating solar tracking positioning algorithms, wireless wind speed sensor inputs, HSAT tilt angle sensor feedback with real time positioning and back tracking control to prevent inter-HSAT shading. This provides an arrangement to modularise and remove the slew drive power and control cables typically used for HSAT systems, reducing materials and field-labour. In one or more other embodiments, the HSAT slew drive 132 may be powered and controlled separately by other independent or site wide control systems.

[0163] Conventional utility-scale HSAT solar farms use several common methods of foundation to anchor the HSAT to ground (ground level, GL) to withstand the wind loading and other structural requirements of the specific location. These maybe broadly classified into normal soil, sandy or soft soil and rock. The most common of HSAT solar farm installations are of HSAT foundations into normal soil, mostly achieved through piling / ramming of galvanised steel universal beam sections, sometimes known as I-beams and H-beams into the soil at depth. The size, length and interval of the foundation post varies with conditions, however the GTM has been designed to minimise the site effort to attach the module to a foundation post 142.

[0164] According to one or more embodiments, the drive assembly 124 can include or be attached to an attachment member 170 to connect the drive assembly to a foundation member 142, such as a pile-driven foundation post e.g. using two 16mm high tensile flange bolts and nut directly to the post. The driveassembly can include a level of X-Y-Z dimension adjustment to account for variations in the foundation post installation e.g. if it is not plumb. The attachment member may include mounting point 74 for an end of the damper 150.

[0165] The solar panel modules (SPM) 122 may be transported on a support platform 76, such as a skid or pallet, preferably stacked ready for deployment / installation. The respective support platform 76 may have lift points, such as forklift fork insertion points 78, to receive respective lifting means to lift and transport the support platform. In another embodiment, the GTM incorporates an attachment to connect to a ballast block, concrete pad or structure using four bolted connections at the base.

[0166] In another embodiment, the GTM incorporates an attachment to stand directly onto the soil surface, to be secured to the earth using self-grouting, self-drilling ground anchors into / below ground level (GL) and / or screw piles typically used in road construction and mining for soft soil, broken soil or hard rock geotechnical conditions.

[0167] One or more embodiments can include delivering the drive assemblies to site, such on a transport rack and / or support platform / carrier. Solar panels and solar panel support frames can be delivered to site on a respective transport platform / carrier. The solar panels and support frames may be preassembled as solar panel modules and transported to site on the respective support platform / carrier. Likewise, a plurality of the torque drive shafts can be transported to site on a transport platform / carrier.

[0168] A method of installing a horizontal single axis tracking (HSAT) system can include installing a number of drive assemblies in a linear spaced relationship, connecting two or more of the drive assemblies with a respective torque drive shaft, and installing at least one solar panel module between at least two consecutive said spaced drive assemblies.

[0169] One or more of the solar panel modules 122 can have support brackets 123 for mounting each of the respective solar panel modules 122 to spaced said preassembled drive assemblies 124.

[0170] The support brackets 123 can be provided attached inboard of an outer portion 125 of a frame of the respective solar panel module, the frame configured to support the solar panels 118 for rotation about the rotation axis (e.g. see Fig 17B and Detail B of Fig 17B).

[0171] Having the support brackets 123 attached inboard of the outer portion / surround 125 of the frame helps to centralise centre of gravity of the solar panel module 122 for improved load balance and drive efficiency for the solar panel module supported for rotation by and between the supporting preassembled drive assemblies 124. The support brackets can project outboard of the frame for attachment of lift means / equipment for lifting and placing the solar panel modules onto the spaced drive assemblies.

[0172] The support brackets 123 e.g. ‘boots’ (which can be of cast metal), can be arranged and configured to be provided inboard of each frame (aka table) e.g. inboard of the end profile beam 125a. At least one cross-arm ‘tube’ 119 may also connect elongate longitudinal members 114a, 114b of the frame to help rigidity the overall frame 114.

[0173] Each of the support brackets 123 may include a lift point 127, such as a lift eye or hook portion to receive a lift device of a lift means, such as for connection of a flexible left member of the lift means. The lift device may include one or more lifting hooks (e.g. 8mm lifting hooks) to lift, transport and position each said solar panel module for installation supported between two spaced said preassemble drive assemblies. Each of the solar panel modules can be ‘picked’ from a said stack of the solar panel modules.

[0174] Each of the support brackets 123 may provide a foot portion 123a support on the transport platform or on the immediately below support bracket of another SPM i.e. for stacking.

[0175] In the claims which follow and in the preceding description of the invention, except where the context requires otherwise due to express language or necessary implication, where used, the word “comprise” or variations such as “comprises” or “comprising” is used in an inclusive sense, i.e. to specify the presence of the stated features but not to preclude the presence or addition of further features in various embodiments of the invention.

Claims

CLAIMS:

1. A modular horizontal axis solar tracking system, the system being modular including: a plurality of preassembled solar panel modules, each said solar panel module including a support frame with photovoltaic (PV) solar panels mounted thereto, a plurality of pre-assembled drive assemblies configured to, in use, convey rotational drive to the solar panel modules, wherein each said preassembled solar panel module is configured to be supported between two spaced said drive assemblies for rotation about a rotation axis, a plurality of torque drive shafts, each connected between spaced said dive assemblies to provide drive for rotation of the solar panel modules, wherein the respective torque drive shaft is spaced from and generally parallel to the rotation axis, wherein the plurality of pre-assembled solar panel modules, the plurality of pre-assembled drive assemblies and the plurality of torque drive shafts are provided as modular components of the system.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of pre-assembled modular solar panel modules is arranged as a stacked configuration on a first transport platform to transport and deliver to site for in-turn pick and fit installation of each pre-assembled modular solar panel module.

3. The system of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the plurality of pre-assembled drive assemblies is arranged as a racked configuration to transport and deliver to site for in-turn pick and fit installation of each said pre-assembled drive assembly.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein the pre-assembled drive assemblies are suspended on at least one support rack on a second transport platform.

5. The system of claim 4, wherein at least one of the torque drive shafts is provided for transport on the at least one support rack on the second transport platform with the pre-assembled drive assemblies.

6. The system of any one of the preceding claims, the system provided as a kit of parts including at least the plurality of preassembled solar panel modules,the plurality of pre-assembled drive assemblies and the plurality of torque drive shafts.

7. The system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein one or more of the solar panel modules includes support brackets configured for mounting the respective solar panel modules to spaced said preassembled drive assemblies.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein at least one of the support brackets is provided attached inboard of an outer portion of a frame of the respective solar panel module, the frame configured to support the solar panels for rotation about the rotation axis.

9. The system of claim 7 or claim 8, wherein at least one of the support brackets includes a lift point to receive a lift device of a lift means, the respective lift point projecting outside of the outer portion of the frame.

10. The system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein elongate members of the support frame include electrical wiring protection either internally or at least one separate external cable cover to surround and / or support cables.

11. The system of claim 10, wherein the at least one cable cover has clip fit attachment to the respective beam with the respective cable cover having integral projections that reside, in use, within a respective groove of the elongate member.

12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the cables run in a space created between the underside of the beam and the lower interior surface of the respective cable cover.

13. The system of any one of the preceding claims, including at least one cross-arm or tube connecting elongate longitudinal members of the frame of the respective solar panel module.

14. The system of claim 1 , wherein the respective torque drive shaft is provided to drive rotation of the respective solar panel module through gearing provided by each drive assembly.

15. The system of claim 14, wherein each said drive assembly includes reduction gearing to provide a required gear ratio for controlled angular motion / rotation of the respective solar panel module.

16. The system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the drive assemblies are configured to be ground mounted, such as being attached to / on ground mounted posts or having integral posts themselves mounted on or into the ground or onto / into foundations.

17. A method of installing a horizontal single axis tracking system includes providing a plurality of solar panel modules, providing a plurality of drive assemblies configured, and providing a plurality of torque drive shafts, preferably all provided to site on at least one transportable platform, installing the drive assemblies in a linear spaced alignment, mounting the solar panel modules between two spaced said drive assemblies, connecting the torque drive shaft between spaced said drive assemblies, the drive assemblies configured to convert rotational drive from the torque drive shaft through gearing to rotate the solar panel modules through a range of rotational motion.

18. The method of claim 17, including providing at least one of the drive assemblies as at least one master or primary drive assembly include a drive means.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the at least one master or primary drive includes a slew drive or slew gear arrangement.

20. The method of claim 18 or 19, including providing a number of the plurality of drive assemblies as slave drive assemblies, each configured to convey drive from the at least one master / primary drive assembly.

21. The method of any one of claims 17 to 20, including providing the plurality of pre-assembled modular solar panel modules as a stacked configuration on a first transport platform to transport and deliver to site for in-turn pick and fit installation of each pre-assembled modular solar panel module.

22. The method of claim 21 , including providing the plurality of pre-assembled drive assemblies in racked configuration to transport and deliver to site for in-turn pick and fit installation of each said pre-assembled drive assembly.

23. The method of claim 22, including suspending / hanging pre-assembled drive assemblies on at least one support rack on a second transport platform.

24. The method of any one of claims 17 to 23, including providing the plurality of pre-assembled modular solar panel modules with lift points, and lifting each solar panel module in turn form a stack of the solar panel modules and installing each said solar panel module supporting on spaced said preassembled drive assemblies.

25. A drive assembly for a horizontal single axis tracking (HSAT) system, the drive assembly configured to support a portion of at least one solar panel module for rotation about a rotation axis at the drive assembly and configured to convey drive through gearing drivingly coupled between a drive means and the at least one solar panel module.

26. The drive assembly of claim 25, wherein the drive assembly includes a drive gear engaged with an arcuate gear to convey rotational drive about a rotation axis to the at least one solar panel module.

27. The drive assembly of claim 26, wherein the arcuate gear is configured to be driven by the drive gear to rotate with the solar panel module about the rotation axis.

28. The drive assembly of claim 26 or claim 27, including a plate portion incorporating the arcuate gear.

29. The drive assembly of claim 28, wherein the plate portion includes a recess or slot incorporating the arcuate gear.

30. The drive assembly of any one of claims 25 to 29, wherein the drive assembly is a slave drive assembly receiving rotational drive from a torque drive shaft.

31. The drive assembly of any one of claims 25 to 30, wherein the drive assembly is a primary drive assembly including a powered driver configured to rotationally drive the respective drive gear.

32. The drive assembly of claim 31 , including at least one drive shaft coupler configured to releasably engage with the torque drive shaft to receive rotational drive therefrom.

33. The drive assembly of claim 31 or claim 32, wherein the powered driver includes a power-driven slew gear assembly.

34. The drive assembly of claim 31 , 32 or 33, wherein the powered driver includes an electric motor, pneumatic drive or hydraulic drive.

35. The drive assembly of any one of claims 25 to 34, including at least one damper configured to dampen wind induced rotational movement of the at least one solar panel module about the rotational axis.

36. The drive assembly of claim 35, wherein the at least one damper includes at least one gas, hydraulic and / or pneumatic damper.

37. The drive assembly of any one of claims 25 to 36, including at least one support column for engagement into a ground surface or with a ground surface mount or foundation.

38. The drive assembly of claim 37, wherein the at least one support column includes first and second support columns with part of the plate portion secured therebetween.

39. The drive assembly of claim 37 or 38, including an attachment member to connect the drive assembly to a support post or foundation member.

40. The system of any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein each of the drive assemblies is a drive assembly according to any one of claims 25 to 39.

41. A method of installing a horizontal single axis tracking (HSAT) system, including installing a plurality of drive assemblies in a linear spaced relationship,connecting two or more of the drive assemblies with a respective torque drive shaft, and installing at least one solar panel module between each of two consecutive said spaced drive assemblies, such that the solar panel modules are driven by the drive assemblies to simultaneously rotate to track movement of the sun.

42. The method of claim 41 , including providing a plurality of the drive assemblies, a plurality of the torque drive shafts, and a plurality of the solar panel modules, to site on a respective transport platform.

43. The method of claim 41 or 42, wherein the drive assemblies are preassembled drive units to be supported by a respective ground support and to support, in use, a portion of a respective solar panel module for rotation by the drive assembly.

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