Handover management
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-04
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
Smart Images

Figure CN2025075656_13082026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
HANDOVER MANAGEMENTFIELD
[0001] Various example embodiments relate to the field of telecommunication and in particular, to a terminal device, a network device, methods, apparatuses and a computer readable medium for handover management.BACKGROUND
[0002] A communication network can be seen as a facility that enables communications between two or more communication devices, or provides communication devices access to a data network. A mobile or wireless communication network is one example of a communication network.
[0003] Such communication networks operate in accordance with standards, such as those promulgated by 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) or ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) . Examples of such standards include the so-called 5G (5th Generation) standard or other standards promulgated by 3GPP.SUMMARY
[0004] In general, example embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for handover management.
[0005] In a first aspect, there is provided a terminal device. The terminal device comprises at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions. When executed by the at least one processor, the instructions cause the terminal device at least to: perform measurements on a first cell comprised in a cell group; and determine a handover delay for a handover to a second cell based on the measurements on the first cell, wherein the second cell is comprised in the cell group.
[0006] In a second aspect, there is provided a network device. The network device comprises at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions. When executed by the at least one processor, the instructions cause the network device at least to: transmit, to a terminal device, a measurement configuration for a cell group; and determine a handover delay for a handover of the terminal device to a second cell based on measurements on a first cell, wherein the first cell and the second cell are comprised in the cell group.
[0007] In a third aspect, there is provided a method performed by a terminal device. The method comprises: performing measurements on a first cell comprised in a cell group; and determining a handover delay for a handover to a second cell based on the measurements on the first cell, wherein the second cell is comprised in the cell group.
[0008] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a method performed by a network device. The method comprises: transmitting, to a terminal device, a measurement configuration for a cell group; and determining a handover delay for a handover of the terminal device to a second cell based on measurements on a first cell, wherein the first cell and the second cell are comprised in the cell group.
[0009] In a fifth aspect, there is provided an apparatus. The apparatus comprises means for performing measurements on a first cell comprised in a cell group; and means for determining a handover delay for a handover to a second cell based on the measurements on the first cell, wherein the second cell is comprised in the cell group.
[0010] In a sixth aspect, there is provided an apparatus. The apparatus comprises means for transmitting, to a terminal device, a measurement configuration for a cell group; and means for determining a handover delay for a handover of the terminal device to a second cell based on measurements on a first cell, wherein the first cell and the second cell are comprised in the cell group.
[0011] In a seventh aspect, there is provided a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method according to any one of the above third to fourth aspects.
[0012] In a twentieth aspect, there is provided a computer program product comprising program instructions for performing at least the method according to any one of the above third to fourth aspects.
[0013] In an eighth aspect, there is provided a computer program comprising instructions, which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus at least to perform at least the method according to any one of the above third to fourth aspects.
[0014] It is to be understood that the summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] Some example embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0016] Fig. 1A illustrates an example communication system in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented;
[0017] Fig. 1B illustrates an example of measurements on component carriers (CCs) associated with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0018] Fig. 2 illustrates an example signaling chart of an example process for handover management according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0019] Fig. 3 illustrates a schematic diagram illustrating examples of determining a handover delay according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0020] Fig. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram illustrating a method implemented at a terminal device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0021] Fig. 5 illustrates a schematic diagram illustrating a method implemented at a network device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0022] Fig. 6 illustrates a simplified block diagram of an apparatus that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0023] Fig. 7 illustrates a block diagram of an example computer readable medium in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0024] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0026] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0027] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0028] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0029] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof. As used herein, “at least one of the following: <a list of two or more elements>” and “at least one of <a list of two or more elements>” and similar wording, where the list of two or more elements are joined by “and” or “or” , mean at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all the elements.
[0030] As used in this application, the term “circuitry” may refer to one or more or all of the following: (a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in only analog and / or digital circuitry) and (b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as (as applicable) : (i) a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuit (s) with software / firmware and (ii) any portions of hardware processor (s) with software (including digital signal processor (s) ) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions) and (c) hardware circuit (s) and or processor (s) , such as a microprocessor (s) or a portion of a microprocessor (s) , that requires software (e.g., firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation.
[0031] This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.
[0032] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) and so on. Furthermore, the communications between a terminal device and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) , the future sixth generation (6G) communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will of course also be future type communication technologies and systems with which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned system.
[0033] As used herein, the term “network device” refers to a node in a communication network via which a terminal device accesses the network and receives services therefrom. The network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, a low power node such as a femto, a pico, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology.
[0034] The term “terminal device” refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communication. By way of example rather than limitation, a terminal device may also be referred to as a communication device, user equipment (UE) , a Subscriber Station (SS) , a Portable Subscriber Station, a Mobile Station (MS) , or an Access Terminal (AT) . The terminal device may include, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones, a tablet, a wearable terminal device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , portable computers, desktop computer, image capture terminal devices such as digital cameras, gaming terminal devices, music storage and playback appliances, vehicle-mounted wireless terminal devices, wireless endpoints, mobile stations, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , USB dongles, smart devices, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery) , an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. In the following description, the terms “terminal device” , “communication device” , “terminal” , “user equipment” and “UE” may be used interchangeably.
[0035] Principles and embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Reference is first made to Fig. 1A, which illustrates an example communication system 100 in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. As shown in Fig. 1A, the system 100, which may be a part of a communication network, comprises a network device 110 and one or more terminal devices, such as the terminal device 120. The terminal device 120 is capable of connecting and communicating in an UL and DL with the network device 110. In communication systems, an UL refers to a link in a direction from a terminal device to a network device, and a DL refers to a link in a direction from the network device to the terminal device. The network device 110 may transmit scheduling information scheduling an uplink transmission to the terminal device 120, and the terminal device 120 may transmit an uplink transmission or a plurality of repetitions of the uplink transmission to the network device 110.
[0036] The network device 110 serves a primary cell (PCell) 130, and several secondary cells (SCells) , for example, SCell 140, 150, and 160. Each of the cells may correspond to a component carrier (CC) . The terminal device may measure CCs and transmit measurement reports to the network device.
[0037] It is to be understood that the numbers of network devices, terminal devices and cells are only for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitations. The system 100 may include any suitable number of network device, terminal devices and cells adapted for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0038] Communications in the communication system 100 may be implemented according to any proper communication protocol (s) , comprising, but not limited to, cellular communication protocols of the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , the fifth generation (5G) and the sixth generation (6G) and on the like, wireless local network communication protocols such as Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 and the like, and / or any other protocols currently known or to be developed in the future. Moreover, the communication may utilize any proper wireless communication technology, comprising but not limited to: Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) , Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) , Time Division Duplex (TDD) , Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) , Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple (OFDM) , Discrete Fourier Transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) and / or any other technologies currently known or to be developed in the future.
[0039] In the study of further enhancements for new radio carrier aggregation (NR CA) and multi-radio dual connectivity (MR-DC) radio resource management (RRM) requirements, one of the objectives is FR2-1 SSB based L3 measurement delay reduction, wherein carrier specific scaling factor (CSSF) optimization is to be considered for UE not in multiple-Rx simultaneous reception mode.
[0040] CSSF values are derived to scale the measurement delay requirements when UE is configured to monitor multiple measurement objects (MOs) in NR CA or MR-DC scenarios. A UE is only required to have a limited searcher capacity and assumed using single searcher for the measurements on all SCCs, hence the searcher needs to be shared. Taking NR CA as an example, the CSSF values for SCC (secondary CC) are determined based on the number of configured SCells with L3 measurements e.g., NSCC_SSB, NSCC_CSI-RS. That is, the higher number of SCCs are configured with L3 measurements, the more time is needed for the UE to measure the configured SCCs, hence a longer measurement delay is expected. Table 9.1.5.1.2-1 in TS 38.133 shows a CSSFoutside_gap, i scaling factor for UE in a standalone (SA) mode. Table 9.1.5.1.2-1: CSSFoutside_gap, i scaling factor for SA mode
[0041] In order to reduce the CSSF, it is proposed to minimize the measurements on serving CCs, e.g., to measure only one serving CC per frequency range (FR) 2 band. Fig. 1B illustrates an example 170 of measurements on CCs associated with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 1B, the terminal device 120 is configured with FR1+FR2 CA, where PCell is in FR1 and two SCells operating on CC2 and CC3 respectively are within the same FR2 band. The terminal device 120 may measure only one serving CC (e.g. CC2) per FR2 band as in Fig. 1B.
[0042] When UE performs NR handover e.g. from NR FR2 cell to NR FR2 cell, UE shall be able to complete the handover within a certain time period which is defined as the handover delay. The handover delay includes the interruption time which is determined by several parameters e.g. Tsearch, TIU, etc.
[0043] The handover delay Dhandover may be defined as that when the UE receives a RRC message implying handover the UE shall be ready to start the transmission of the new uplink PRACH channel within Dhandover ms from the end of the last TTI containing the RRC command. Dhandover equals the applicable RRC procedure delay plus the interruption time.
[0044] The interruption time is the time between end of the last transmission time interval (TTI) containing the RRC command on the old PDSCH and the time the UE starts transmission of the new PRACH, excluding the RRC procedure delay. When intra-frequency or inter-frequency handover is commanded, the interruption time shall be less than Tinterrupt. Tinterrupt = Tsearch + TIU + Tprocessing + TΔ + Tmargin ms where Tprocessing is time for UE processing, Tmargin is time for SSB post-processing, TΔ is time for fine time tracking and acquiring full timing information of the target cell, TIU is the interruption uncertainty in acquiring the first available PRACH occasion in the new cell, and Tsearch is the time required to search the target cell when the handover command is received by the UE. Regardless of whether DRX is in use by the UE, Tsearch shall still be based on non-DRX target cell search times. - If the target cell is a known intra-frequency cell, then Tsearch = 0ms. - If the target cell is an unknown intra-frequency cell and the target cell Es / Iot≥-2 dB, then Tsearch = N*Trs ms. - If the target cell is a known inter-frequency cell, then - For a UE supporting ncd-SSB-BWP-Wor-r18: - if the measured SSB is the target SSB for handover of the target cell, Tsearch = 0 ms; - if the measured SSB of the target cell and the target SSB for handover belong to the same NR target cell, Tsearch = Trs ms provided one of the following conditions is satisfied: - The measured SSB is the cell defining synchronization signal block (CD- SSB) in the target SSB of the handover target SSB is the non-cell defining synchronization signal block (NCD-SSB) in the first active DL BWP, or - The measured SSB is the NCD-SSB in the target celland the handover target SSB is the CD-SSB in the first active DL BWP, or - The measured SSB is the NCD-SSB in the target cell and the handover target SSB is the NCD-SSB and both are within different DL BWPs - If a UE not supporting ncd-SSB-BWP-Wor-r18, the target cell is a known inter- frequency cell, then Tsearch = 0 ms. - If the target cell is an unknown inter-frequency cell and the target cell Es / Iot≥-2 dB, Tsearch = N*3*Trs ms.
[0045] In particular, Tsearch is determined based on if the target cell is known or known, and the known / unknown condition is defined as below: In FR2, the target cell is known if it has been meeting the following conditions: - During the last 5 seconds before the reception of the handover command: - the UE has sent a valid measurement report for the target cell and - One of the SSBs measured from the NR target cell being configured remains detectable according to the cell identification conditions specified in clause 9.2 of TS 38.133 for intra-frequency cell and in clause 9.3 of TS 38.133 for inter-frequency cell, - One of the SSBs measured from the target cell also remains detectable during the handover delay according to the cell identification conditions specified in clause 9.2 of TS 38.133 for intra-frequency cell and in clause 9.3 of TS 38.133 for inter-frequency cell. otherwise it is unknown.
[0046] It can be seen that the known / unknown target cell condition in handover is defined based on if the UE has sent a valid measurement report for the target cell in FR2. And if the target cell is unknown, the UE needs to search the target cell when receiving the handover command and hence a longer handover delay is expected (Tsearch > 0) .
[0047] In Release 19, when optimized CSSF is enabled, i.e., UE is indicated to measure one CC per band, UE is able to send measurement report only for the CC that it has measured, hence only one CC can be reported on the band. While the network can assume this measurement reporting is applicable to all the CCs on the band, the network may want to handover the UE to a cell that is not measured and hence not reported. As this cell has not been practically measured due to optimized measurement, this target cell is always considered as unknown according to the current definition of known / unknown target cell as shown above. It means that the UE would need additional search time when accessing to the target cell, which would lead to a longer handover delay.
[0048] However, although this cell was not measured, it is assumed to share the same measurement result with the other cells on the same FR2 band. UE may use the measurement result obtained from other cells to help with the handover. Enhancements on the handover delay are needed to benefit from the optimized measurement.
[0049] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a solution for handover measurement. In an aspect of the solution, a terminal device performs measurements on a first cell comprised in a cell group. The terminal device determines a handover delay for a handover to a second cell comprised in the cell group based on the measurements on the first cell. For example, the handover delay may be determined considering the measurements and / or the measurement reporting for other cells on other carriers (configured MOs) than the handover target cell in the same band / group, if the terminal device is indicated / enabled to measure one CC per band / group, e.g., for allowing measurement or CSSF optimization. In this way, a proper handover delay requirement may be defined for the non-measured target cell, hence avoiding a too relaxed handover delay. Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to Fig. 2 to 3 below.
[0050] Fig. 2 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example process 200 for handover management according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 200 will be described with reference to Fig. 1A. The process 200 may involve the terminal device 120 and the network device 110. It would be appreciated that although the process 200 has been described in the communication environment 100 of Fig. 1A, this process may be likewise applied to other communication scenarios.
[0051] As shown in Fig. 2, the terminal device 120 performs (214) measurements on a first cell included in a cell group. The terminal device 120 determines (215) a handover delay for a handover to a second cell based on the measurements on the first cell. The second cell is included in the cell group. Similarly, the network device 110 may determine (216) the handover delay for the terminal device 120 being handed over to the second cell based on the measurements on the first cell. In this way, a handover delay may be defined for a handover to a target cell belonging to a non-measured cell or associated with a non-measured CC.
[0052] In some implementations, the cell group may include cells associated with carriers in a FR2 band. A cell may be associated with a specific CC, and a CC group may be formed corresponding to the cell group. It is to be understood that channels may be assumed to be same for a FR2 band, so that CCs in a FR2 band may form a group. In this case, “per group” may also be referred to as “per band” . Alternatively, the cell group may include cells associated with carriers that are contiguous in a FR1 band. In other words, channels may not be assumed to be same for FR1 intra-band non-contiguous carriers, but may be same for contiguous carriers in a band, so that CCs that are contiguous in a FR1 band may form a group. Alternatively, the cell group may include cells configured by the network device 110. In other words, the network device 110 may configure a number of CCs as a group. These carriers may be in different bands or different frequency ranges but may be collocated so that channels may be assumed the same.
[0053] In some embodiments, the network device 110 may transmit (211) a measurement configuration 212 for the cell group to the terminal device 120. Accordingly, the terminal device may receive (213) the measurement configuration 212 for the cell group from the network device 110. The first cell may be measured based on the measurement configuration 212. In some implementations, the measurement configuration 212 may include a reporting configuration.
[0054] In some embodiments, the terminal device 120 may receive an indication of measuring one cell per cell group from the network device 110. The terminal device 120 may determine the first cell among the cell group for measurements. For example, the network device 110 may indicate the terminal device 120 to enable optimized CSSF or relaxed measurements. Upon receiving the indication, the terminal device 120 may select one CC per band / group to be measured according to pre-defined rules or based on UE implementation. The network device 110 may indicate enabling the optimized CSSF or relaxed measurements by itself based on UE capability. In some implementations, the terminal device 120 may transmit an indication of a capability of measuring one cell per cell group to the network device 110. For example, the terminal device 110 may indicate that it supports measuring one CC per band, e.g., for optimized CSSF / relaxed measurements and shorter measurement delay.
[0055] In some embodiments, the terminal device 120 may determine whether the second cell is known based on the measurements and / or the measurement reporting for the first cell. Alternatively, the terminal device 120 may determine whether the second cell is known based on a measurement report for the first cell. In some implementations, the terminal device 120 may receive a handover command indicating the handover to the second cell from the network device 110. Based on that a first condition is fulfilled, the terminal device 120 may determine that the second cell is known. In an example, the first condition may include that a measurement report for the first cell has been transmitted to the network device 110 before the handover command is received. Alternatively or additionally, the first condition may include that the first cell fulfils a cell identification requirement before the handover command is received. Alternatively or additionally, the first condition may include that a measurement report for the first cell has been transmitted to the network device 110 within a time period before the handover command is received. Alternatively or additionally, the first condition may include that the first cell fulfils a cell identification requirement within a time period before the handover command is received. Alternatively or additionally, the first condition may include that the first cell is known or a known target cell for handover. In other words, one or more conditions may be designed for a target cell on a CC that has not been measured prior to UE receiving the handover command to that cell. Depending on status of the one or more conditions, a status / condition of the target cell may be determined, thus the handover delay may be determined accordingly. For example, the target cell condition may be defined considering the measurement and / or reporting not (only) for the target cell but (also) for the measured cell on the associated CCs on the same band / group. In one example, the handover target cell may be considered as known if the terminal device 120 has sent a valid measurement reporting for any of the cells on the same band / group. Alternatively, the handover target cell may be considered as known if any of the cells on the same band / group fulfils a cell identification requirement before the handover command is received. Alternatively, the handover target cell may be considered as known if at least one cell is known within the same band / group. The handover delay may be determined depending on whether the non-measured target cell is known.
[0056] In some embodiments, the terminal device 120 may determine whether the cell group including the second cell is known based on the measurements for the first cell. Alternatively, the terminal device 120 may determine whether the cell group including the second cell is known based on a measurement report for the first cell. In some implementations, the terminal device 120 may receive a handover command indicating the handover to the second cell from the network device 110. Based on that a first condition is fulfilled, the terminal device 120 may determine that the cell group including the second cell is known. In an example, the first condition may include that a measurement report for the first cell has been transmitted to the network device 110 before the handover command is received. Alternatively or additionally, the first condition may include that the first cell fulfils a cell identification requirement before the handover command is received. Alternatively or additionally, the first condition may include that a measurement report for the first cell has been transmitted to the network device 110 within a time period before the handover command is received. Alternatively or additionally, the first condition may include that the first cell fulfils a cell identification requirement within a time period before the handover command is received. Alternatively or additionally, the first condition may include that the first cell is known or a known target cell for handover. In other words, one or more conditions may be designed for a target cell on a CC that has not been measured prior to UE receiving the handover command to that cell. Depending on status of the one or more conditions, a status / condition of the cell group including the target cell may be determined, thus the handover delay may be determined accordingly. For example, a definition of a known cell group may be designed. The handover target cell may be defined as belonging to a known cell group if the terminal device 120 has performed the measurement and / or sent a measurement report for any CC or cell belonging to the carrier group. The handover delay may be determined depending on whether the non-measured target cell belongs to a known cell group.
[0057] In some embodiments, the terminal device 120 may determine whether the cell group including the second cell is known based on the measurements for the first cell and / or based on a measurement report for the first cell. In some implementations, the terminal device 120 may transmit a measurement report for the first cell including results of the measurements to the network device 110. The measurement report may further include status information for at least one cell indicating whether the at least one cell included in the cell group is known or unknown. In other words, it is up to the terminal device 120 to define / determine whether a non-measured cell is considered known or unknown e.g., based on the measurement status at UE side. The terminal device 120 may indicate the known / unknown status of non-measured cells in a measurement reporting or some other messages to the network.
[0058] In some embodiments, the terminal device 120 may transmit a preamble for handover to the second cell no later than the handover delay. If the second cell is not measured, when determining the handover delay, the terminal device 120 may determine a first parameter for the second cell based on the measurements for the first cell and / or a measurement report for the first cell. In some implementations, the second cell is known. Alternatively, the cell group including the second cell is known. Alternatively, the first cell is known. In some examples, the first parameter for the second cell may be smaller than a first parameter for an unknown target cell. In some examples, the first parameter may be equal to a first parameter for a known target cell which is measured. The first parameter may include at least one of the following: a search time, an interruption uncertainty time, a time for fine time tracking and acquiring full timing information of a target cell for handover, a processing time, a time for synchronization signal block (SSB) post-processing, or a different parameter than any one of above parameters. In this way, the handover delay to a target cell belonging to a non-measured cell / CC may be defined.
[0059] In a more specific example, if the handover target cell is a non-measured cell / CC, but there is at least one measured cell which is considered as known on the same band / group (i.e., a cell identification requirement is fulfilled on the measured cell or UE has sent measurement reporting for this measured cell) , a search time for the non-measured handover target cell Tsearch = X is required smaller than the search time for a legacy unknown target cell. Typically, X can be zero. In other words, if the handover target cell is not measured but at least one other cell on the same band / group is measured and known, the search time for the non-measured target cell may be smaller than the search time for a legacy unknown target cell for which no cell on the same band / group is measured or known.
[0060] In another example, if the handover target cell is (considered as) known or belongs to a known cell group, Tsearch = 0. Otherwise Tsearch > 0. In other words, if the handover target cell belongs to a known cell group (or a cell group which includes a known cell) , or if the handover target cell is considered as known, the search time for the target cell may be zero.
[0061] In a further example, if the handover target cell is unknown but belongs to a known cell group, Tsearch > 0, but not as large as if the target cell is unknown and not belonging to a known cell group. (Otherwise, if the handover target cell is known (according to legacy known definition) , Tsearch = 0. ) In other words, if the handover target cell is measured and thus known, the search time for the handover target time is zero; if the handover target cell is not measured but is considered as known or belongs to a known cell group (or a cell group which includes a known cell) , the search time for the target cell may be non-zero, but smaller than the search time for a legacy unknown target cell.
[0062] In a further example, different search times (for example Tsearch) may be determined considering not only the measurement and / or reporting for the target cell but also the measurement and / or reporting for the associated cells on the same band / group.
[0063] Alternatively or additionally, parameters (such as Tsearch, TIU, Tprocessing, TΔ, Tmargin or a separate parameter) may be impacted from measuring one CC per band / group in a manner similar as the above examples of Tsearch. The handover delay may thus be determined considering not only the measurement and / or reporting for the target cell but also the measurement and / or reporting for the associated cells on the same band / group.
[0064] Fig. 3 illustrates a schematic diagram illustrating an example process 300 determining a handover delay according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 300 will be described with reference to Fig. 1A. The process 300 may involve the UE 320, a Pcell 330, a Cell1 340, a Cell2 350 and a Cell3 360. The UE 320 may be a specific example of the terminal device 120 in Fig. 1A. The Pcell 330 may be a specific example of the cell 130 in Fig. 1A. The Cell1 340, the Cell2 350 and the Cell3 360 may be specific examples of the SCell 140, 150, and 160 in Fig. 1A, respectively. It would be appreciated that although the process 300 has been described in the communication system 100 of Fig. 1A, this process may be likewise applied to other communication scenarios. The process 300 may be a specific example of the process 200 in Fig. 2.
[0065] At step 301, the UE 320 is in connected mode with PCell 330, Cell1 340, Cell2 350 and Cell3 360. PCell 330 is operating on CC0 in one band e.g., FR1 band. Cell1 340, Cell2 350 and Cell3 360 are operating on different CCs (e.g., CC1, CC2 and CC3 respectively) on another band different from PCell 330, e.g., FR2 band. Independently from the band which CC1, CC2 and CC3 belong to (or whether it is FR1 or FR2 or something else) , it is assumed that Cell1 340, Cell2 350 and Cell3 360 are collocated.
[0066] At step 302, the network may configure legacy measurement for the serving CCs e.g., measurement objects MO1, MO2, MO3 for CC1, CC2, CC3 respectively. The UE 320 will send measurement reports for each of the MOs based on the reporting configuration accordingly.
[0067] At step 303, the UE 320 indicates it supports measuring one CC per band or per group, e.g., for optimized CSSF / relaxed measurements and shorter measurement delay. This step may be optional.
[0068] At step 304, the network may indicate to enable the optimized CSSF or relaxed measurement. Upon receiving the indication, the UE 320 will measure one CC per band / group according to pre-defined rules or based on UE 320 implementation. For example, on the band with CC1 / CC2 / CC3, the UE 320 selects to perform measurements on CC1 including Cell1 340.
[0069] At step 306 and step 307, the UE 320 performs measurements on CC1 in the same band / group but does not perform measurements on CC2 / CC3.
[0070] In a first alternative, after the measurements at steps 306 and 307, the process 300 proceeds to block 308. In block 308, the target cell is considered as known based on the measurement and / or reporting status not for the handover target cell but for the measured and / or reported cell on the same band / group. For instance, for FR1 band / group, when the UE 320 receives the handover command, the target cell is considered as known if any of the cells in the same band / group fulfills the relevant cell identification requirement (for example during the last 5 seconds) ; otherwise, the target cell is considered as unknown. For FR2 band / group, when the UE 320 receives the handover command, the target cell is considered as known if UE 320 has sent a measurement reporting for any of the cells in the same band / group; otherwise, the target cell is considered as unknown. Alternatively, for FR1 or FR2 band / group, when the UE 320 receives the handover command, the target cell is considered as known if any of the cells in the same band / group is known or a known target cell for handover. In other scenarios, the target cell is unknown. This provides a new definition of known / unknown for the handover target cell.
[0071] At step 309, the UE 320 sends measurement reporting for the cell / carrier it has measured. In other words, the measurement reporting includes the measurement results for Cell1 340. At step 310, the UE 320 receives the handover command to handover to a target cell Cell3 360.
[0072] At step 311, as the UE 320 has been performing measurements on CC1 and reported Cell1 340, which is on the same band with the handover target cell on CC3 (Cell3 360) , the UE 320 will consider the target cell as known according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0073] At step 312, the handover delay is determined as T1 based on the new definition of known status of the target cell. Since the target cell Cell3 360 is known, the UE 320 does not need time to search the target cell, hence Tsearch =0. In this example it is assumed that Cell1 340 and Cell3 360 are collocated (which is baseline condition for the Tsearch=0) . However, if this is not the case, a longer value for Tsearch can be allowed.
[0074] At step 313, the PRACH shall be transmitted no later than the handover delay determined at step 312.
[0075] In a second alternative, after the measurements at steps 306 and 307, the process 300 proceeds to block 314. In block 314, a definition of known carrier group is applied. The handover target cell is defined as belonging to a known carrier group if any of the cells in the carrier group has met the relevant cell identification requirement and optionally during a given time period, e.g., the last 5 second, (e.g., for FR1) or if the UE 320 has sent a measurement report for any CC belonging to the carrier group and optionally during a given time period (e.g., for FR2) .
[0076] This known carrier group includes a number of carriers where at least one carrier is measured. This group can be by default the same as the group where the UE 320 measures a single CC as indicated by the network at step 304. Alternatively, the known carrier group may be a different group including several collocated cells where the measurements can be shared, which may be configured by the network.
[0077] At step 315, the UE 320 receives handover command to handover to the target cell Cell3 360.
[0078] At step 316, the UE 320 determines whether the target cell belongs to a known carrier group. In this example process 300, Cell1 340 and the target cell are on the same FR2 band hence belong to the same carrier group. the UE 320 has been performing measurement on Cell1 340 for some time and the cell identification requirement is fulfilled on CC1, hence the UE 320 determines the handover target cell belongs to a known carrier group.
[0079] At step 317, the handover delay is determined as T2 based on whether the handover target cell belongs to the known carrier group. If the target cell belongs to the known carrier group, the search time is determined as Tsearch = X.
[0080] In an example, X=0, meaning no search time is required if the handover target cell belongs to the known carrier group. In another example, X is a non-zero value but smaller than the search time required for legacy unknown handover target cell, meaning that some search time is needed but shorter than the handover delay for unknown case. In a further example, X depends on the measurement result on the measured CC. For example, X=0 if the measurement result (e.g., RSRP) is above a threshold, and X=non-zero value otherwise.
[0081] At step 318, the PRACH shall be transmitted no later than the handover delay determined at step 317.
[0082] In a third alternative, after the measurements at steps 306 and 307, the process 300 proceeds to block 319. In block 319, it is up to the UE 320 to determine whether a non-measured handover target cell is considered as known or unknown or belonging to a known carrier group e.g., based on the measurement status of the measured CC at UE 320 side. As the UE 320 has the latest measurement information and knows which CC to measure, it can determine how long it will take to handover to a target cell and may inform this information to the network.
[0083] At step 321, the UE 320 sends measurement reporting for a cell on the carrier it has measured. Meanwhile, the measurement reporting may include the known / unknown status for the non-measured cells in the same band / group e.g., Cell3 360 may be indicated as known.
[0084] At step 322, the UE 320 receives the handover command to handover to a target cell Cell3 360.
[0085] At step 323, based on the UE indication of known / unknown status, the UE 320 will determine the handover delay based on whether the target cell is known or unknown or belonging to a known carrier group.
[0086] At step 324, since the target cell Cell3 360 is known, the UE 320 does not need time to search the target cell, hence Tsearch =0.
[0087] At step 325, the PRACH shall be transmitted no later than the handover delay determined at step 324.
[0088] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, in the interruption requirement, a cell is known if it has been meeting the relevant cell identification requirement during the last 5 seconds; otherwise it is unknown. For the UE capable of relaxed measurement and receives an indication of measuring one CC per band, the target cell is known if any of the cells on the same band / group has been meeting the relevant cell identification requirement during the last 5 seconds; otherwise it is unknown. Relevant cell identification requirements are described in Clause 9.2.5 of TS 38.133 for intra-frequency handover and Clause 9.3.4 of TS 38.133 for inter-frequency handover.
[0089] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the interruption time is the time between end of the last TTI containing the RRC command on the old PDSCH and the time the UE starts transmission of the new PRACH, excluding the RRC procedure delay.
[0090] When intra-frequency or inter-frequency handover is commanded, the interruption time shall be less than Tinterrupt. Tinterrupt = Tsearch + TIU + Tprocessing + TΔ + Tmargin ms where: - Tsearch is the time required to search the target cell when the target cell is not already known when the handover command is received by the UE. Regardless of whether DRX is in use by the UE, Tsearch shall still be based on non-DRX target cell search times. - If the target cell is a known intra-frequency cell, then Tsearch = 0ms. - If the target cell is an unknown intra-frequency cell and the target cell Es / Iot≥-2 dB, then Tsearch = Trs ms. - If the target cell is a known inter-frequency cell, then - If a UE supporting ncd-SSB-BWP-Wor-r18: - if the measured SSB is the target SSB for handover of the target cell, Tsearch = 0ms; - if the measured SSB of the target cell and the target SSB for handover belong to the same NR target cell, Tsearch = Trs ms provided one of the following conditions is satisfied: - The measured SSB is the CD-SSB in the target cell and the handover target SSB is the NCD-SSB in the first active DL BWP, or - The measured SSB is the NCD-SSB in the target cell and the handover target SSB is the CD-SSB in the first active DL BWP, or - The measured SSB is the NCD-SSB in the target cell and the handover target SSB is the NCD-SSB and both are within different DL BWPs. - If a UE not supporting ncd-SSB-BWP-Wor-r18, the target cell is a known inter- frequency cell, then Tsearch = 0ms. - If the target cell is an unknown inter-frequency cell and the target cell Es / Iot≥-2 dB, - Tsearch = X *Trs ms (X<3) , if for the UE capable of relaxed measurement and receives an indication of measuring one CC per band, if any of the cells on the same band / group has been meeting the relevant cell identification requirement during the last 5 seconds (or if any of the cells on the same band / group is known) . - Tsearch = 3*Trs ms, otherwise. - TΔ is time for fine time tracking and acquiring full timing information of the target cell. - TΔ = Trs for both known and unknown target cells operating with 20 PRB SSB BW. - TΔ = 3*Trs for both known and unknown target cells operating with 12 PRB SSB BW. - Tprocessing is time for UE processing. Tprocessing can be up to 20ms. - Tmargin is time for SSB post-processing. Tmargin can be up to 2ms. - TIU is the interruption uncertainty in acquiring the first available PRACH occasion in the new cell. TIU can be up to the summation of SSB to PRACH occasion association period and 10 ms. SSB to PRACH occasion associated period is defined in the table 8.1-1 of TS 38.213. - Trs is the SMTC periodicity of the target NR cell if the UE has been provided with an SMTC configuration for the target cell in the handover command, otherwise Trs is the SMTC configured in the parameter measObjectNR having the same SSB frequency and subcarrier spacing. If the parameter measObjectNRs having the same SSB frequency and subcarrier spacing configured by MN and SN have different SMTC, Trs is the periodicity of one of the SMTC which is up to UE implementation. If the UE is not provided SMTC configuration or measurement object on this frequency, the requirement in this clause is applied with Trs=5ms assuming the SSB transmission periodicity is 5ms. There is no requirement if the SSB transmission periodicity is not 5ms. If the UE has been provided with higher layer in TS 38.331 signaling of smtc2 prior to the handover command, Trs follows smtc1 or smtc2 according to the physical cell ID of the target cell.
[0091] Fig. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram illustrating a method 400 implemented at a terminal device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 400 will be described from the perspective of the terminal device 120 as shown in Fig. 1A.
[0092] As shown in Fig. 4, at block 410, the terminal device 120 performs measurements on a first cell comprised in a cell group. At block 420, the terminal device 120 determines a handover delay for a handover to a second cell based on the measurements on the first cell, wherein the second cell is comprised in the cell group.
[0093] In some embodiments, the cell group comprises cells associated with carriers in a frequency range (FR) 2 band. Alternatively, the cell group comprises cells associated with carriers that are contiguous in a FR1 band. Alternatively, the cell group comprises cells configured by a network device.
[0094] In some embodiments, the terminal device may receive, from a network device, an indication of measuring one cell per cell group; and determine the first cell among the cell group for measurements.
[0095] In some embodiments, the terminal device may transmit, to a network device, an indication of a capability of measuring one cell per cell group.
[0096] In some embodiments, the terminal device may receive, from a network device, a handover command indicating the handover to the second cell; and determine, based on that a first condition is fulfilled, that the second cell is known.
[0097] In some embodiments, the terminal device may receive, from a network device, a handover command indicating the handover to the second cell; and determine, based on that a first condition is fulfilled, that the cell group comprising the second cell is known.
[0098] In some embodiments, the first condition comprises that a measurement report for the first cell has been transmitted to the network device before the handover command is received. Alternatively or additionally, the first condition comprises that a measurement report for the first cell has been transmitted to the network device within a time period before the handover command is received. Alternatively or additionally, the first condition comprises that the first cell fulfils a cell identification requirement before the handover command is received. Alternatively or additionally, the first condition comprises that the first cell fulfils a cell identification requirement within a time period before the handover command is received. Alternatively or additionally, the first condition comprises that the first cell is known.
[0099] In some embodiments, the terminal device may determine whether the second cell is known based on the measurements for the first cell. Alternatively or additionally, the terminal device may determine whether the second cell is known based on a measurement report for the first cell.
[0100] In some embodiments, the terminal device may transmit, to a network device, a measurement report for the first cell comprising results of the measurements. In some embodiments, the measurement report further comprises status information for at least one cell indicating whether the at least one cell is known or unknown, wherein the at least one cell is comprised in the cell group.
[0101] In some embodiments, the second cell is not measured. When determining the handover delay, the terminal device may determine a first parameter for the second cell based on at least one of the following: the measurements for the first cell, or a measurement report for the first cell. The second cell is known, or the cell group comprising the second cell is known, or the first cell is known.
[0102] In some embodiments, the first parameter for the second cell is smaller than a first parameter for an unknown target cell. In some embodiments, the first parameter is equal to a first parameter for a known target cell which is measured.
[0103] In some embodiments, the first parameter comprises at least one of the following: a search time; an interruption uncertainty time; a time for fine time tracking and acquiring full timing information of a target cell for handover; a processing time; or a time for synchronization signal block (SSB) post-processing; or a different parameter than any one of above parameters.
[0104] In some embodiments, the terminal device may transmit, to the second cell, a preamble for handover no later than the handover delay. In some embodiments, the terminal device may receive, from a network device, a measurement configuration for the cell group. The first cell is measured based on the measurement configuration. In some embodiments, the measurement configuration comprises a reporting configuration.
[0105] Fig. 5 illustrates a schematic diagram illustrating a method 500 implemented at a network device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 500 will be described from the perspective of the network device 110 as shown in Fig. 1A.
[0106] As shown in Fig. 5, at block 510, the network device 110 transmits, to a terminal device, a measurement configuration for a cell group. At block 520, the network device 110 determines a handover delay for a handover of the terminal device to a second cell based on measurements on a first cell. The first cell and the second cell are comprised in the cell group.
[0107] In some embodiments, the cell group comprises cells associated with carriers in a frequency range (FR) 2 band. Alternatively, the cell group comprises cells associated with carriers that are contiguous in a FR1 band. Alternatively, the cell group comprises cells configured by a network device.
[0108] In some embodiments, the network device may transmit, to the terminal device, an indication of measuring one cell per cell group; and determine the first cell among the cell group for measurements. In some embodiments, the network device may receive, from the terminal device, an indication of a capability of measuring one cell per cell group.
[0109] In some embodiments, the network device may transmit, to the terminal device, a handover command indicating the handover to the second cell; and determine, based on that a first condition is fulfilled, that the second cell is known.
[0110] In some embodiments, the network device may transmit, to the terminal device, a handover command indicating the handover to the second cell; and determine, based on that a first condition is fulfilled, that the cell group comprising the second cell is known.
[0111] In some embodiments, the first condition comprises that a measurement report for the first cell has been received from the terminal device before the handover command is transmitted. Alternatively or additionally, the first condition comprises that a measurement report for the first cell has been received from the terminal device within a time period before the handover command is transmitted. Alternatively or additionally, the first condition comprises that the first cell fulfils a cell identification requirement before the handover command is transmitted. Alternatively or additionally, the first condition comprises that the first cell fulfils a cell identification requirement within a time period before the handover command is transmitted. Alternatively or additionally, the first condition comprises that the first cell is known.
[0112] In some embodiments, the network device may receive, from the terminal device, a measurement report for the first cell comprising results of the measurements. In some embodiments, the measurement report further comprises status information for at least one cell indicating whether the at least one cell is known or unknown, wherein the at least one cell is comprised in the cell group.
[0113] In some embodiments, the second cell is not measured. In order to determine the handover delay, the network device may determine a first parameter for the second cell based on at least one of the following: the measurements for the first cell, or a measurement report for the first cell. The second cell is known, or the cell group comprising the second cell is known, or the first cell is known.
[0114] In some embodiments, the first parameter for the second cell is smaller than a first parameter for an unknown target cell. In some embodiments, the first parameter is equal to a first parameter for a known target cell which is measured.
[0115] In some embodiments, the first parameter comprises at least one of the following: a search time; an interruption uncertainty time; a time for fine time tracking and acquiring full timing information of a target cell for handover; a processing time; or a time for synchronization signal block (SSB) post-processing; or a different parameter than any one of above parameters. In some embodiments, the measurement configuration comprises a reporting configuration.
[0116] In some embodiments, an apparatus capable of performing any of the method 400 (for example, the terminal device 120) may comprise means for performing the respective steps of the method 400. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0117] In some embodiments, the apparatus may include: means for performing measurements on a first cell comprised in a cell group; and means for determining a handover delay for a handover to a second cell based on the measurements on the first cell, wherein the second cell is comprised in the cell group
[0118] In some embodiments, the cell group comprises cells associated with carriers in a frequency range (FR) 2 band. Alternatively, the cell group comprises cells associated with carriers that are contiguous in a FR1 band. Alternatively, the cell group comprises cells configured by a network device.
[0119] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further include means for receiving, from a network device, an indication of measuring one cell per cell group; and means for determining the first cell among the cell group for measurements.
[0120] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further include means for transmitting, to a network device, an indication of a capability of measuring one cell per cell group.
[0121] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further include means for receiving, from a network device, a handover command indicating the handover to the second cell; and means for determining, based on that a first condition is fulfilled, one of the following: the second cell is known, or the cell group comprising the second cell is known.
[0122] In some embodiments, the first condition comprises that a measurement report for the first cell has been transmitted to the network device before the handover command is received. Alternatively or additionally, the first condition comprises that a measurement report for the first cell has been transmitted to the network device within a time period before the handover command is received. Alternatively or additionally, the first condition comprises that the first cell fulfils a cell identification requirement before the handover command is received. Alternatively or additionally, the first condition comprises that the first cell fulfils a cell identification requirement within a time period before the handover command is received. Alternatively or additionally, the first condition comprises that the first cell is known.
[0123] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further include means for determining whether the second cell is known based on at least one of the following: the measurements for the first cell, or a measurement report for the first cell.
[0124] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further include means for transmitting, to a network device, a measurement report for the first cell comprising results of the measurements.
[0125] In some embodiments, the measurement report further comprises status information for at least one cell indicating whether the at least one cell is known or unknown, wherein the at least one cell is comprised in the cell group.
[0126] In some embodiments, the second cell is not measured. The means for determining the handover delay may include means for determining a first parameter for the second cell based on at least one of the following: the measurements for the first cell, or a measurement report for the first cell, wherein the second cell is known or the cell group comprising the second cell is known, or the first cell is known.
[0127] In some embodiments, the first parameter for the second cell is smaller than a first parameter for an unknown target cell. In some embodiments, the first parameter is equal to a first parameter for a known target cell which is measured.
[0128] In some embodiments, the first parameter comprises at least one of the following: a search time; an interruption uncertainty time; a time for fine time tracking and acquiring full timing information of a target cell for handover; a processing time; or a time for synchronization signal block (SSB) post-processing; or a different parameter than any one of above parameters.
[0129] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further include means for transmitting, to the second cell, a preamble for handover no later than the handover delay.
[0130] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further include means for receiving, from a network device, a measurement configuration for the cell group, wherein the first cell is measured based on the measurement configuration.
[0131] In some embodiments, the measurement configuration comprises a reporting configuration.
[0132] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further include means for performing other steps in some embodiments of the method 400. In some embodiments, the means may include at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the performance of the apparatus.
[0133] In some embodiments, an apparatus capable of performing any of the method 500 (for example, the network device 110) may comprise means for performing the respective steps of the method 500. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0134] In some embodiments, the apparatus may include: means for transmitting, to a terminal device, a measurement configuration for a cell group; and means for determining a handover delay for a handover of the terminal device to a second cell based on measurements on a first cell, wherein the first cell and the second cell are comprised in the cell group.
[0135] In some embodiments, the cell group comprises cells associated with carriers in a frequency range (FR) 2 band. Alternatively, the cell group comprises cells associated with carriers that are contiguous in a FR1 band. Alternatively, the cell group comprises cells configured by a network device.
[0136] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further include means for transmitting, to the terminal device, an indication of measuring one cell per cell group; and means for determining the first cell among the cell group for measurements.
[0137] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further include means for receiving, from the terminal device, an indication of a capability of measuring one cell per cell group.
[0138] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further include means for transmitting, to the terminal device, a handover command indicating the handover to the second cell; and means for determining, based on that a first condition is fulfilled, one of the following: the second cell is known, or the cell group comprising the second cell is known.
[0139] In some embodiments, the first condition comprises at least one of the following: a measurement report for the first cell has been received from the terminal device before the handover command is transmitted; a measurement report for the first cell has been received from the terminal device within a time period before the handover command is transmitted; the first cell fulfils a cell identification requirement before the handover command is transmitted; the first cell fulfils a cell identification requirement within a time period before the handover command is transmitted; or the first cell is known.
[0140] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further include means for receiving, from the terminal device, a measurement report for the first cell comprising results of the measurements.
[0141] In some embodiments, the measurement report further comprises status information for at least one cell indicating whether the at least one cell is known or unknown, wherein the at least one cell is comprised in the cell group.
[0142] In some embodiments, the second cell is not measured. The means for determining the handover delay may include means for determining a first parameter for the second cell based on at least one of the following: the measurements for the first cell, or a measurement report for the first cell, wherein the second cell is known or the cell group comprising the second cell is known, or the first cell is known.
[0143] In some embodiments, the first parameter for the second cell is smaller than a first parameter for an unknown target cell. In some embodiments, the first parameter is equal to a first parameter for a known target cell which is measured.
[0144] In some embodiments, the first parameter comprises at least one of the following: a search time; an interruption uncertainty time; a time for fine time tracking and acquiring full timing information of a target cell for handover; a processing time; or a time for synchronization signal block (SSB) post-processing; or a different parameter than any one of above parameters.
[0145] In some embodiments, the measurement configuration comprises a reporting configuration.
[0146] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further include means for performing other steps in some embodiments of the method 500. In some embodiments, the means may include at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the performance of the apparatus.
[0147] Fig. 6 is a simplified block diagram of a device 600 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 600 may be provided to implement the communication device, for example the terminal device 120, or the network device 110 as shown in Fig. 1A. As shown, the device 600 includes one or more processors 610, one or more memories 620 coupled to the processor 610, and one or more communication modules 640 coupled to the processor 610.
[0148] The communication module 640 is for bidirectional communications. The communication module 640 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements.
[0149] The processor 610 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may include one or more of the following: general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 600 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0150] The memory 620 may include one or more non-volatile memories and one or more volatile memories. Examples of the non-volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a Read Only Memory (ROM) 624, an electrically programmable read only memory (EPROM) , a flash memory, a hard disk, a compact disc (CD) , a digital video disk (DVD) , and other magnetic storage and / or optical storage. Examples of the volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a random access memory (RAM) 622 and other volatile memories that will not last in the power-down duration.
[0151] A computer program 630 includes computer executable instructions that are executed by the associated processor 610. The program 630 may be stored in the ROM 620. The processor 610 may perform any suitable actions and processing by loading the program 630 into the RAM 620.
[0152] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by means of the program 630 so that the device 600 may perform any process of the disclosure as discussed with reference to Figs. 2 to 3. The embodiments of the present disclosure may also be implemented by hardware or by a combination of software and hardware.
[0153] In some embodiments, the program 630 may be tangibly contained in a computer readable medium which may be included in the device 600 (such as in the memory 620) or other storage devices that are accessible by the device 600. The device 600 may load the program 630 from the computer readable medium to the RAM 622 for execution. The computer readable medium may include any types of tangible non-volatile storage, such as ROM, EPROM, a flash memory, a hard disk, CD, DVD, and the like. Fig. 7 shows an example of the computer readable medium 700 in form of CD or DVD. The computer readable medium has the program 630 stored thereon.
[0154] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representations, it is to be understood that the block, apparatus, system, technique or method described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0155] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out and of the methods, 400 or 500 as described above with reference to Figs. 4-5. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0156] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0157] In the context of the present disclosure, the computer program codes or related data may be carried by any suitable carrier to enable the device, apparatus or processor to perform various processes and operations as described above. Examples of the carrier include a signal, computer readable medium, and the like.
[0158] The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the computer readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. The term “non-transitory, ” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM) .
[0159] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0160] Although the present disclosure has been described in languages specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A terminal device comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the terminal device at least to:perform measurements on a first cell comprised in a cell group; anddetermine a handover delay for a handover to a second cell based on the measurements on the first cell, wherein the second cell is comprised in the cell group.2.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the cell group comprises one of the following:cells associated with carriers in a frequency range (FR) 2 band,cells associated with carriers that are contiguous in a FR1 band, orcells configured by a network device.3.The terminal device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:receive, from a network device, an indication of measuring one cell per cell group; anddetermine the first cell among the cell group for measurements.4.The terminal device of any of claims 1-3, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:transmit, to a network device, an indication of a capability of measuring one cell per cell group.5.The terminal device of any of claims 1-4, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:receive, from a network device, a handover command indicating the handover to the second cell; anddetermine, based on that a first condition is fulfilled, one of the following:the second cell is known, orthe cell group comprising the second cell is known.6.The terminal device of claim 5, wherein the first condition comprises at least one of the following:a measurement report for the first cell has been transmitted to the network device before the handover command is received;a measurement report for the first cell has been transmitted to the network device within a time period before the handover command is received;the first cell fulfils a cell identification requirement before the handover command is received;the first cell fulfils a cell identification requirement within a time period before the handover command is received; orthe first cell is known.7.The terminal device of any of claims 1-4, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:determine whether the second cell is known based on at least one of the following:the measurements for the first cell, ora measurement report for the first cell.8.The terminal device of any of claims 1-7, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:transmit, to a network device, a measurement report for the first cell comprising results of the measurements.9.The terminal device of claim 8, wherein the measurement report further comprises status information for at least one cell indicating whether the at least one cell is known or unknown, wherein the at least one cell is comprised in the cell group.10.The terminal device of any of claims 1-9, wherein the second cell is not measured, the terminal device is caused to determine the handover delay by:determining a first parameter for the second cell based on at least one of the following:the measurements for the first cell, ora measurement report for the first cell,wherein the second cell is known or the cell group comprising the second cell is known, or the first cell is known.11.The terminal device of claim 10, wherein the first parameter for the second cell is smaller than a first parameter for an unknown target cell.12.The terminal device of claim 10 or 11, wherein the first parameter is equal to a first parameter for a known target cell which is measured.13.The terminal device of any of claims 10-12, wherein the first parameter comprises at least one of the following:a search time;an interruption uncertainty time;a time for fine time tracking and acquiring full timing information of a target cell for handover;a processing time; ora time for synchronization signal block (SSB) post-processing; ora different parameter than any one of above parameters.14.The terminal device of any of claims 1-13, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:transmit, to the second cell, a preamble for handover no later than the handover delay.15.The terminal device of any of claims 1-14, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:receive, from a network device, a measurement configuration for the cell group,wherein the first cell is measured based on the measurement configuration.16.The terminal device of claim 15, wherein the measurement configuration comprises a reporting configuration.17.A network device comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the network device at least to:transmit, to a terminal device, a measurement configuration for a cell group; anddetermine a handover delay for a handover of the terminal device to a second cell based on measurements on a first cell, wherein the first cell and the second cell are comprised in the cell group.18.The network device of claim 17, wherein the cell group comprises one of the following:cells associated with carriers in a frequency range (FR) 2 band,cells associated with carriers that are contiguous in a FR1 band, orcells configured by a network device.19.The network device of claim 17 or 18, wherein the network device is further caused to:transmit, to the terminal device, an indication of measuring one cell per cell group; anddetermine the first cell among the cell group for measurements.20.The network device of any of claims 17-19, wherein the network device is further caused to:receive, from the terminal device, an indication of a capability of measuring one cell per cell group.21.The network device of any of claims 17-20, wherein the network device is further caused to:transmit, to the terminal device, a handover command indicating the handover to the second cell; anddetermine, based on that a first condition is fulfilled, one of the following:the second cell is known, orthe cell group comprising the second cell is known.22.The network device of claim 21, wherein the first condition comprises at least one of the following:a measurement report for the first cell has been received from the terminal device before the handover command is transmitted;a measurement report for the first cell has been received from the terminal device within a time period before the handover command is transmitted;the first cell fulfils a cell identification requirement before the handover command is transmitted;the first cell fulfils a cell identification requirement within a time period before the handover command is transmitted; orthe first cell is known.23.The network device of any of claims 17-22, wherein the network device is further caused to:receive, from the terminal device, a measurement report for the first cell comprising results of the measurements.24.The network device of claim 23, wherein the measurement report further comprises status information for at least one cell indicating whether the at least one cell is known or unknown, wherein the at least one cell is comprised in the cell group.25.The network device of any of claims 17-24, wherein the second cell is not measured, the network device is caused to determine the handover delay by:determining a first parameter for the second cell based on at least one of the following:the measurements for the first cell, ora measurement report for the first cell,wherein the second cell is known or the cell group comprising the second cell is known, or the first cell is known.26.The network device of claim 25, wherein the first parameter for the second cell is smaller than a first parameter for an unknown target cell.27.The network device of claim 25 or 26, wherein the first parameter is equal to a first parameter for a known target cell which is measured.28.The network device of any of claims 25-27, wherein the first parameter comprises at least one of the following:a search time;an interruption uncertainty time;a time for fine time tracking and acquiring full timing information of a target cell for handover;a processing time; ora time for synchronization signal block (SSB) post-processing; ora different parameter than any one of above parameters.29.The network device of any of claims 17-28, wherein the measurement configuration comprises a reporting configuration.30.A method performed by a terminal device, comprising:performing measurements on a first cell comprised in a cell group; anddetermining a handover delay for a handover to a second cell based on the measurements on the first cell, wherein the second cell is comprised in the cell group.31.A method performed by a network device, comprising:transmitting, to a terminal device, a measurement configuration for a cell group; anddetermining a handover delay for a handover of the terminal device to a second cell based on measurements on a first cell, wherein the first cell and the second cell are comprised in the cell group.32.An apparatus comprising:means for performing measurements on a first cell comprised in a cell group; andmeans for determining a handover delay for a handover to a second cell based on the measurements on the first cell, wherein the second cell is comprised in the cell group.33.An apparatus comprising:means for transmitting, to a terminal device, a measurement configuration for a cell group; andmeans for determining a handover delay for a handover of the terminal device to a second cell based on measurements on a first cell, wherein the first cell and the second cell are comprised in the cell group.34.A computer readable medium comprising program instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least one of the methods of claims 30-31.