Method to improve downlink media streaming in high-speed NTN scenario
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-04
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
Smart Images

Figure CN2025075659_13082026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD TO IMPROVE DOWNLINK MEDIA STREAMING IN HIGH-SPEED NTN SCENARIOFIELD
[0001] Various example embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of telecommunication and in particular, to methods, devices, apparatuses and computer readable storage medium for improving downlink media streaming in high-speed non-terrestrial network (NTN) scenarios.BACKGROUND
[0002] With developments in network communication technologies, the demand for high-quality media streaming in different scenarios is increasing. In particular, the rise of NTN has introduced new opportunities for delivering media content over satellite connectivity. However, in high-speed NTN scenarios, there are still different kinds of significant challenges to maintaining a stable and high-quality media stream. Therefore, it is worth exploring methods to improve downlink media streaming performance in these challenging environments, which may significantly enhance user experience and expand the applicability of satellite-based media services.SUMMARY
[0003] Some example embodiments of this disclosure will be described with respect to certain aspects. These aspects are not intended to indicate key or essential features of the various example embodiments of this disclosure. Nor are they intended to be used to limit the scope thereof. Other related features, aspects, and elements will be apparent to a person skilled in the art in view of this disclosure. For example, it should be appreciated that further aspects may be provided by the combination of any two or more of the various aspects described below.
[0004] In a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus. The apparatus comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: receive, from a network device, first information for a path switching of the apparatus from the network device to a further network device, wherein the first information comprises at least one of: a time point associated with switching from the network device to a further network device, or a time interval for a handover from the network device to the further network device; and transmit, to a network entity, second information for the path switching of the apparatus, wherein the second information comprises at least one of: the time point, the time interval, or a buffer level of the apparatus.
[0005] In a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus. The apparatus comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: in accordance with a RSRP of a serving cell is lower than a predetermined threshold, determine a further apparatus for a device at least based on information of the device; obtain at least one of: a time point associated with switching from the apparatus to the further apparatus, or a time interval for a handover from the apparatus to the further apparatus; and transmit, to the device, first information for a path switching of the device from the apparatus to the further apparatus, wherein the first information comprises the at least one of the time point or the time interval.
[0006] In a third aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a network entity. The network entity comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the network entity to: receive, from a device, information for a path switching of the device from a network device to a further network device, wherein the information comprises at least one of: a time interval for a handover from the network device to the further network device, a time point associated with switching from the network device to the further network device, or a buffer level of the device.
[0007] In a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method. The method comprises: receiving, from a network device, first information for a path switching of the apparatus from the network device to a further network device, wherein the first information comprises at least one of: a time point associated with switching from the network device to a further network device, or a time interval for a handover from the network device to the further network device; and transmitting, to a network entity, second information for the path switching of the apparatus, wherein the second information comprises at least one of: the time point, the time interval, or a buffer level of the apparatus.
[0008] In a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method. The method comprises: in accordance with a RSRP of a serving cell is lower than a predetermined threshold, determining a further apparatus for a device at least based on information of the device; obtaining at least one of: a time point associated with switching from the apparatus to the further apparatus, or a time interval for a handover from the apparatus to the further apparatus; and transmitting, to the device, first information for a path switching of the device from the apparatus to the further apparatus, wherein the first information comprises the at least one of the time point or the time interval.
[0009] In a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method. The method comprises: receiving, from a device, information for a path switching of the device from a network device to a further network device, wherein the information comprises at least one of: a time interval for a handover from the network device to the further network device, a time point associated with switching from the network device to the further network device, or a buffer level of the device.
[0010] In a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus. The apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a network device, first information for a path switching of the apparatus from the network device to a further network device, wherein the first information comprises at least one of: a time point associated with switching from the network device to a further network device, or a time interval for a handover from the network device to the further network device; and means for transmitting, to a network entity, second information for the path switching of the apparatus, wherein the second information comprises at least one of: the time point, the time interval, or a buffer level of the apparatus.
[0011] In an eighth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus. The apparatus comprises means for in accordance with a RSRP of a serving cell is lower than a predetermined threshold, determining a further apparatus for a device at least based on information of the device; means for obtaining at least one of: a time point associated with switching from the apparatus to the further apparatus, or a time interval for a handover from the apparatus to the further apparatus; and means for transmitting, to the device, first information for a path switching of the device from the apparatus to the further apparatus, wherein the first information comprises the at least one of the time point or the time interval.
[0012] In a ninth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a network entity. The network entity comprises means for receiving, from a device, information for a path switching of the device from a network device to a further network device, wherein the information comprises at least one of: a time interval for a handover from the network device to the further network device, a time point associated with switching from the network device to the further network device, or a buffer level of the device.
[0013] In a tenth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer readable medium. The computer readable medium comprises instructions stored thereon for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method according to the fourth aspect.
[0014] In an eleventh aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer readable medium. The computer readable medium comprises instructions stored thereon for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method according to the fifth aspect.
[0015] In a twelfth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer readable medium. The computer readable medium comprises instructions stored thereon for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method according to the sixth aspect.
[0016] In some or all examples of the first to the twelfth aspects, the time interval may indicate an interrupt time window for the handover from the network device to the further network device, and the time point may indicate an ending time point of the interrupt time window.
[0017] In some or all examples of the first to the twelfth aspects, the apparatus may be cause to: based on the time point and the time interval, generate a request for a temporary delivery boost; and transmit, to the network entity, the request for the temporary delivery boost at another time point which is earlier than or equals to the time point minus the time interval.
[0018] In some or all examples of the first to the twelfth aspects, the apparatus may be cause to: receive, from the network device, a measurement configuration comprising a configuration for an event for coverage gap measurement report.
[0019] In some or all examples of the first to the twelfth aspects, the apparatus may be caused to: in accordance with a determination that the event is triggered, generate, based on the configuration for the event, a measurement report comprising at least one of: a reference signal received power (RSRP) of a serving cell, or information of the apparatus comprising altitude information of the apparatus and trajectory information of the apparatus; and transmit the measurement report to the network device.
[0020] In some or all examples of the first to the twelfth aspects, the apparatus may be caused to: apply at least one of the following streaming adaptation strategies based on the time point and the timer interval: increasing a buffer size of the apparatus to cover the time interval, requesting a delivery boost, downloading one or more segments of video which is longer than or equals to the time interval, stopping a segment request for the time interval, playing one or more downloaded segments, or adjusting a playback rate.
[0021] In some or all examples of the first to the twelfth aspects, the apparatus may be caused to: transmit, to the network device, a handover complete message.
[0022] In some or all examples of the first to the twelfth aspects, the apparatus may comprise a terminal device, the network device may comprise a serving network device, the further network device may comprise a neighbor network device, and the network entity may comprise a core network device.
[0023] In some or all examples of the first to the twelfth aspects, the apparatus may be caused to: transmit, to the further apparatus, a handover request comprising altitude information of the device and beam pattern information of the apparatus; and receive, from the further apparatus, a handover request acknowledgement comprising the at least one of the time point or the time interval, wherein the at least one of the time point or the time interval is determined by the further apparatus based on the handover request and beam pattern information of the further apparatus.
[0024] In some or all examples of the first to the twelfth aspects, the apparatus may be caused to: transmit, to the further apparatus, a handover request for beam pattern information of the further apparatus; receive, from the further apparatus, a handover request acknowledgement comprising the beam pattern information of the further apparatus; and based on altitude information of the device, beam pattern information of the apparatus, and the received beam pattern information of the further apparatus, determine the at least one of the time point or the time interval.
[0025] In some or all examples of the first to the twelfth aspects, the apparatus may be cause to: transmit, to the device, a measurement configuration message comprising a configuration for an event for coverage gap measurement report.
[0026] In some or all examples of the first to the twelfth aspects, the apparatus may be caused to: receive, from the device, a measurement report comprising at least one of: the reference signal received power (RSRP) of the serving cell, or the information of the device, wherein the information of the device comprises altitude information of the device and trajectory information of the device.
[0027] In some or all examples of the first to the twelfth aspects, the apparatus may be caused to: receive, from the device, a handover complete message; and transmit, to the further apparatus, a message to identify the handover complete message of the device.
[0028] In some or all examples of the first to the twelfth aspects, a path switching request message transmission to a core network entity may be delayed by the further apparatus based on the time point.
[0029] In some or all examples of the first to the twelfth aspects, the core network entity may comprise an access and mobility management function, AMF.
[0030] In some or all examples of the first to the twelfth aspects, the device may comprise a terminal device, the apparatus may comprise a serving network device, and the further apparatus may comprise a neighbor network device.
[0031] In some or all examples of the first to the twelfth aspects, the network entity may be caused to: receive and process, from the device, a request for a temporary delivery boost.
[0032] In some or all examples of the first to the twelfth aspects, the network entity may be caused to: apply at least one of the following streaming adaptation strategies based on the time point and the time interval: requesting the device to increase a buffer size, delaying a streaming transmission of one or more video segments, or transmitting the following video segment to the further network device.
[0033] In some or all examples of the first to the twelfth aspects, the network entity may comprise a core network device, the device may comprise a terminal device, the network device may comprise a serving network device, and the further network device may comprise a neighbor network device.
[0034] It is to be understood that the Summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0035] Some example embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, where:
[0036] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication environment in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0037] FIG. 2 illustrates an example diagram of non-terrestrial network (NTN) and terrestrial network (TN) interworking;
[0038] FIG. 3 illustrates an example diagram of non-terrestrial network (NTN) user equipment (UE) service interrupt time calculation;
[0039] FIG. 4 illustrates an example signaling flow of communication between an apparatus, a network device, a further network device and a network entity according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0040] FIG. 5 illustrates an example diagram of a handover enhancement for video streaming in NTN according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0041] FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B illustrate example signaling flows of enhanced messaging in 5G intra-new radio (NR) radio access network (RAN) handover call flow according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0042] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at an apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0043] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at an apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0044] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a network entity in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0045] FIG. 10 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a device that is suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0046] FIG. 11 illustrates a block diagram of an example computer readable medium in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0047] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0048] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. Embodiments described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0049] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0050] A core network function as described herein may be implemented as a core network entity that includes a combination of hardware processing circuit and software and / or firmware comprising machine-readable instructions, or software comprising machine-readable instructions that are executable by at least one processor of hardware processing circuit of an apparatus. A hardware processing circuit includes at least one processor and at least one memory storing machine-readable instructions that are executable by the at least one processor of the hardware processing circuit. A processor includes any or some combination of an accelerator, a microprocessor, a core of a multi-core microprocessor, a microcontroller, a programmable integrated circuit, a programmable gate array, a digital signal processor, a central processing unit, a graphic processing unit, a tensor processing unit. Memory includes any or some combination of volatile or non-volatile memory (e.g., a flash memory, cache, a random-access memory (RAM) , and / or a read-only memory (ROM) ) . The memory stores the machine-readable instructions of the software and / or firmware for execution by the at least one processor of the hardware processing circuit. The machine-readable instructions are executable by the at least one processor of the hardware processing circuit cause the hardware processing circuit to perform the actions or operations of the methods described herein. For example, the session management function described herein may be implemented as a session management entity and the session management policy control function described herein may be implemented as a session management policy control entity, respectively.
[0051] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0052] It shall be understood that although the terms “first, ” “second, ” …, etc. in front of noun (s) and the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another and they do not limit the order of the noun (s) . For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0053] As used herein, “at least one of the following: <a list of two or more elements>” and “at least one of <a list of two or more elements>” and similar wording, where the list of two or more elements are joined by “and” or “or” , mean at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all the elements.
[0054] As used herein, unless stated explicitly, performing a step “in response to A” does not indicate that the step is performed immediately after “A” occurs and one or more intervening steps may be included.
[0055] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0056] As used in this application, the term “circuitry” may refer to one or more or all of the following: (a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in only analog and / or digital circuitry) and (b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as (as applicable) : (i) a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuit (s) with software / firmware and (ii) any portions of hardware processor (s) with software (including digital signal processor (s) ) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions) and (c) hardware circuit (s) and or processor (s) , such as a microprocessor (s) or a portion of a microprocessor (s) , that requires software (e.g., firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation.
[0057] This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.
[0058] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as New Radio (NR) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) and so on. Furthermore, the communications between a terminal device and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) , 5.5G, the sixth generation (6G) communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will of course also be future type communication technologies and systems with which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned system.
[0059] As used herein, the term “network device” refers to a node in a communication network via which a terminal device accesses the network and receives services therefrom. The network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , an NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, an Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) node, a low power node such as a femto, a pico, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) or non-ground network device such as a satellite network device, a low earth orbit (LEO) satellite and a geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO) satellite, an aircraft network device, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology. In some example embodiments, radio access network (RAN) split architecture comprises a Centralized Unit (CU) and a Distributed Unit (DU) at an IAB donor node. An IAB node comprises a Mobile Terminal (IAB-MT) part that behaves like a UE toward the parent node, and a DU part of an IAB node behaves like a base station toward the next-hop IAB node.
[0060] The term “terminal device” refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communication. By way of example rather than limitation, a terminal device may also be referred to as a communication device, user equipment (UE) , a Subscriber Station (SS) , a Portable Subscriber Station, a Mobile Station (MS) , or an Access Terminal (AT) . The terminal device may include, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones, a tablet, a wearable terminal device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , portable computers, desktop computer, image capture terminal devices such as digital cameras, gaming terminal devices, music storage and playback appliances, vehicle-mounted wireless terminal devices, wireless endpoints, mobile stations, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , USB dongles, smart devices, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery) , an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. The terminal device may also correspond to a Mobile Termination (MT) part of an IAB node (e.g., a relay node) . In the following description, the terms “terminal device” , “communication device” , “terminal” , “user equipment” and “UE” may be used interchangeably.
[0061] As used herein, the term “resource, ” “transmission resource, ” “resource block, ” “physical resource block” (PRB) , “uplink resource, ” or “downlink resource” may refer to any resource for performing a communication, for example, a communication between a terminal device and a network device, such as a resource in time domain, a resource in frequency domain, a resource in space domain, a resource in code domain, or any other combination of the time, frequency, space and / or code domain resource enabling a communication, and the like. In the following, unless explicitly stated, a resource in both frequency domain and time domain will be used as an example of a transmission resource for describing some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that example embodiments of the present disclosure are equally applicable to other resources in other domains.
[0062] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication environment 100 in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. In the specific example of FIG. 1, communication environment 100 comprises a plurality of communication network devices, including an apparatus 110, a network device 120, a further network device 120’, or a network entity 130. As shown in FIG. 1, the apparatus 110, the network device 120, the further network device 120’, or the network entity 130 may communicate with each other.
[0063] In the following, for the purpose of illustration, some example embodiments are described with a terminal device as an example of the apparatus 110, such as UE or a dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH) client, a serving network device such as serving gNB as an example of the network device 120, a neighbor network device such as neighbor gNB as an example of the further network device 120’, a core network device such as a DASH server as an example of the network entity 130. However, in some example embodiments, operations described in connection with a terminal device may be implemented at a network device or other device, and operations described in connection with a network device may be implemented at a terminal device or other device.
[0064] It is to be understood that the number of devices and their connections shown in FIG. 1 are only for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitation. The communication environment 100 may include any suitable number of devices configured to implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that although illustrated as a network device, the network device 120 may be another device than a network device. Although illustrated as a terminal device, the terminal device 110 or the further network device 120’ may be another device than a terminal device.
[0065] In some example embodiments, a transmission direction from the network device 120 or the further network device 120’ to the apparatus 110 is referred to as a downlink (DL) , while a transmission direction from the apparatus 110 to the network device 120 or the further network device 120’ is referred to as an uplink (UL) . In DL, the network device 120 or the further network device 120’ is a transmitting (TX) device (or a transmitter) and the apparatus 110 is a receiving (RX) device (or a receiver) . In UL, the apparatus 110 is a TX device (or a transmitter) and the network device 120 or the further network device 120’ is a RX device (or a receiver) .
[0066] Communications in the communication environment 100 may be implemented according to any proper communication protocol (s) , comprising, but not limited to, cellular communication protocols, wireless local network communication protocols such as Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 and the like, and / or any other protocols currently known or to be developed in the future. Moreover, the communication may utilize any proper wireless communication technology, comprising but not limited to: Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) , Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) , Time Division Duplex (TDD) , Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) , Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple (OFDM) , Discrete Fourier Transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) and / or any other technologies currently known or to be developed in the future.
[0067] Currently, an evolution path for satellite communication with enhanced performance is provided. NTN may be deployed to provide coverage with earth-moving cell, quasi-earth-fixed cell and earth-fixed cell which are supported respectively by the following three types of service link: Earth-fixed service link, which is provisioned by beam (s) continuously covering the same geographical areas all the time, for example, the case of geostationary earth orbit (GSO) satellites; Quasi-Earth-fixed service link, which is provisioned by beam (s) covering one geographic area for a limited period and a different geographic area during another period, for example, the case of non-geostationary earth orbit (NGSO) satellites generating steerable beams; and Earth-moving service link, which is provisioned by beam (s) whose coverage area slides over the Earth surface, for example, the case of NGSO satellites generating fixed or non-steerable beams.
[0068] In some solutions, it is also specified that UE should report its (coarse) location information to the NG-RAN. Upon network request, after access stratum (AS) security is established in connected mode, a UE should report its coarse UE location information (most significant bits of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) coordinates, ensuring an accuracy in the order of 2 km) to the NG-RAN if available.
[0069] FIG. 2 illustrates an example diagram of NTN and TN interworking. As shown in FIG. 2, a satellite 210 is a GEO satellite, a satellite 220 and a satellite 220’ are low earth orbit (LEO) satellites, gNB 230 is an outdoor gNB, gNB 240 is a gNB in air-to-ground (A2G) systems, and gNB 250 is an indoor / outdoor gNB. A terminal device 260 may be in a very high-speed / aerial vehicle, which is connected with limited / primary TN and wide / secondary NTN LEO and GEO, including the gNB 240, the satellite 210 and the satellite 220’. In addition, a terminal device 270 may be in a low-speed ship which is in remote area or sea, and the terminal device 270 is connected with limited / secondary TN and good / primary NTN LEO and GEO, including the gNB 230, the satellite 210 and the satellite 220. Moreover, a terminal device 280 may be in a medium or high-speed vehicle such as a train which is in rural or suburban area, and the terminal device 280 is connected with good / primary TN and wide / secondary NTN LEO, including the gNB 230 and the satellite 220. Furthermore, a terminal device 290 may be used by a low-speed pedestrian which is in rural or remote area, and the terminal device 290 is connected with good / primary TN and wide / secondary NTN LEO, including the gNB 250 and the satellite 220’.
[0070] In some solutions, in a simple and straightforward implementation, a DASH client (such as, UE) decides downloading the next segment based on the status information. The status information includes a currently available buffer in the media pipeline and a value of an attribute (@minBufferTime, MBT) , and the value of MBT depends on the implementation currently.
[0071] Furthermore, a temporary delivery boost function is introduced as the following. The DASH client uses this function to indicate to the network that a temporary boost, i.e. a temporary increase of network throughput for this client, may be needed in order to avoid the risk of media playback stalling due to buffer under-run, which may otherwise occur during the next media segment or soon after. In addition, a throughput boosting may be used also at the start of a playback session to shorten the time to playout, giving a better experience for the user. Moreover, the network informs the client when the network applies the delivery boost, in order to ensure that the client is not misled as to the available link throughput, since this may lead to the client making an erroneous media rate selection when the throughput is back to normal again, without boost, and select a higher media rate than suitable for the next segment download. During a delivery boost period the client may not select a higher media rate than indicated with the rate recommendation function. The client may return to its own normal media rate selection approach only when the delivery boost period has ended. After the delivery of a segment with network boost, the network reverts to normal delivery, i.e. without boost. In the case that the DASH client is requesting a network delivery boost during the following segment, the server and network assisted DASH (SAND) metrics message BufferLevel is used to inform a DASH-aware network element (DANE) of the current buffer level for the content item being accessed. The segment duration and available media bitrates are derived by the client from the information contained in a media presentation description (MPD) . A network assistance request generic procedure is shown in the following table 1. Table 1. Network Assistance request generic procedure
[0072] As shown in FIG. 2, when a user is on a very high-speed aerial vehicle (such as airplane) using mobile network via NTN, the user may occasionally be disconnected due to network coverage gap, which may impact the quality of experience, especially when user accessing media content from server (e.g. watching an online video) . The main issue is that the current NTN network is designed to provide the coverage for the users on the ground or earth, but it introduces coverage gaps for the users on airplanes, which typically around 20-30 seconds every 20 minutes while switching from serving gNB to neighbor gNB. FIG. 3 illustrates an example diagram of non-terrestrial network (NTN) user equipment (UE) service interrupt time calculation. As shown in FIG. 3, when switching from serving gNB 310 to neighbor gNB 320, for an airplane 330 whose speed is around 900km / h and altitude is 10km, the discontinuous coverage distance 340 is calculated as: tan (15deg) *10km*2=5.358km, and call drops for around 5.358 / 900*3600=21.432 seconds. A solution to solve the above problem is to optimize the video streaming, for example, 3GPP Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (3GP-DASH) , which can improve the handover process for a NTN user from serving gNB to neighbor gNB, and to provide uninterrupted services of downlink media streaming, in order to improve the quality of experience.
[0073] In accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided a solution for improving downlink media streaming. In this solution, an apparatus receives, from a network device, first information for a path switching of the apparatus from the network device to a further network device. The first information includes at least one of: a time point associated with switching from the network device to a further network device, or a time interval for a handover from the network device to the further network device. The apparatus transmits, to a network entity, second information for the path switching of the apparatus. The second information includes at least one of: the time point, the time interval, or a buffer level of the apparatus.
[0074] The solution may be applied to downlink video streaming, typically for on-demand content. Specifically, the solution may be applied to delivery of multimedia content over mobile networks for UEs in high-speed NTN scenarios. In this way, the delivery workflow and UE buffer management can be optimized to provide continuous or uninterrupted streaming services when UE switching from the serving gNB to neighbor gNB. Therefore, the quality of experience can be improved.
[0075] Example embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is noted that the following accompanying drawings may be implemented separately or in any suitable combination, which is not limited in the present disclosure.
[0076] FIG. 4 illustrates an example signaling flow 400 of communication between an apparatus, a network device, a further network device and a network entity according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the signaling flow 400 will be described with reference to FIG. 1, for example, some example embodiments are described by using the apparatus 110, the network device 120, the further network device 120’, and the network entity 130. In some example embodiments, the apparatus 110 may be a terminal device such as a UE. In some example embodiments, the network device 120 may be a serving network device such as a serving gNB, and the further network device 120’ may be a neighbor network device such as a neighbor gNB. In some example embodiments, the network entity 130 may be a core network device such as a DASH server.
[0077] In some example embodiments, the network device 120 may transmit (4010) a measurement configuration message to the apparatus 110. In some other words, the apparatus 110 may receive (4010) the measurement configuration from the network device 120. In this case, the measurement configuration may include a configuration for an event for coverage gap measurement report. In some example embodiments, if the event is triggered, the apparatus 110 may generate (4015) a measurement report based on the configuration for the event. The measurement report may include a reference signal received power (RSRP) of a serving cell and / or information of the apparatus 110. In this case, the information of the apparatus 110 includes altitude information of the apparatus 110 and trajectory information of the apparatus 110. Furthermore, the apparatus 110 may transmit (4020) the measurement report to the network device 120.
[0078] If the RSRP of the serving cell is lower than a predetermined threshold, the network device 120 determines (4030) a further network device 120’ for the apparatus 110 at least based on the information of the apparatus 110. For example, the network device 120 may select the further network device 120’ based on the altitude information of the apparatus 110 and satellite constellation. In addition, the network device 120 obtains (4045) at least one of: a time point associated with switching from the network device 120 to the further network device 120’, or a time interval for a handover / switch from the network device 120 to the further network device 120’, and details will be described in the following. In some example embodiments, the time interval may indicate an interrupt time window for the handover from the network device 120 to the further network device 120’, and the time point may indicate an ending time point of the interrupt time window.
[0079] In some example embodiments, the network device 120 may transmit (4035) a handover request to the further network device 120’. The handover request may include the altitude information of the apparatus 110 and beam pattern information of the network device 120. Based on the handover request and beam pattern information of the further network device 120’, the further network device 120’ may determine the time point and / or the time interval. In addition, the further network device 120’ may transmit (4040) a handover request acknowledgement to the network device 120. The handover request acknowledgement includes the time point and / or the time interval.
[0080] In some other example embodiments, the network device 120 may transmit (4035) a handover request for beam pattern information of the further network device 120’ to the further network device 120. Furthermore, the further network device 120’ may transmit (4040) , to the network device 120, a handover request acknowledgement including the beam pattern information of the further network device 120’. In addition, based on the altitude information of the apparatus 110, beam pattern information of the network device 120, and the received beam pattern information of the further network device 120’, the network device 120 may determine the at least one of the time point or the time interval.
[0081] Furthermore, the network device 120 transmits (4050) , to the apparatus 110, information (referred to as “first information” hereinafter) for a path switching of the apparatus 110 from the network device 120 to the further network device 120’. In other words, the apparatus 110 receives (4050) , from a network device 120, first information for a path switching of the apparatus 110 from the network device 120 to a further network device 120’. In this case, the first information includes the time point associated with switching from the network device 120 to a further network device 120’ and / or the time interval for the handover from the network device 120 to the further network device 120’. In addition, the apparatus 110 generates and transmits (4055) , to a network entity 130, information (referred to as “second information” hereinafter) for the path switching of the apparatus 110. The second information may include at least one of: the time point, the time interval, or a buffer level of the apparatus 110. In this way, an apparatus in high-speed aerial-vehicles can download media seamlessly via NTNs, thereby improving user experience.
[0082] In some example embodiments, based on the time point and the time interval, the apparatus 110 may generate (4060) a request for a temporary delivery boost. Additionally, internal interfaces of the apparatus 110 may be used to transmit the time point and the time interval to generate the request. Moreover, the apparatus 110 may transmit (4065) the request for the temporary delivery boost to the network entity 130 at another time point. In this case, the other time point is earlier than or equals to the time point minus the time interval. In some example embodiments, the network entity 130 may receive (4065) and process the request for the temporary delivery boost from the apparatus 110.
[0083] In some example embodiments, the apparatus 110 may apply one or more streaming adaptation strategies based on the time point and the timer interval. The streaming adaptation strategies includes increasing a buffer size of the apparatus 110 to cover the time interval, requesting a delivery boost, downloading one or more segments of video which is longer than or equals to the time interval, stopping a segment request for the time interval, playing one or more downloaded segments, adjusting a playback rate, or the like. It is noted that the apparatus 110 may apply the streaming adaptation strategies before or after transmitting (4060) the request for the temporary delivery boost, which is not limited in the present disclosure. In this way, service interruptions during coverage gaps can be avoided by applying the streaming adaptation strategies.
[0084] In some example embodiments, the network entity 130 may apply one or more streaming adaptation strategies based on the time point and the time interval. The streaming adaptation strategies includes requesting the apparatus 110 to increase a buffer size, delaying a streaming transmission of one or more video segments, or transmitting the following video segment to the further network device 120’. For example, as for delaying the streaming transmission of one or more video segments, a clip that is downloaded in advance or pre-stored (e.g. an advertisement clip) may be inserted, and the streaming transmission (such as a live streaming) may be delayed. In this way, service interruptions during coverage gaps can be avoided by applying the streaming adaptation strategies.
[0085] In some example embodiments, the apparatus 110 may transmit (4070) a handover complete message to the network device 120. In some example embodiments, the network device 120 may transmit (4075) a message to identify the handover complete message of the apparatus 110 to the further network device 120’. In this case, the further network device 120’ knows the path switching may delay for the apparatus 110. In some example embodiments, the further network device 120’ may delay a path switching request message transmission to a core network entity based on the time point. For example, the core network entity may be an access and mobility management function (AMF) . In this way, the delivery workflow and UE buffer management can be optimized.
[0086] FIG. 5 illustrates an example diagram 500 of a handover enhancement for video streaming in NTN according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The example signaling flow 500 is an implementation of the example signaling flow 400 of FIG. 4. In particular, in the example embodiments discussed with respect to FIG. 5, a UE (DASH client) 510 is an example of the apparatus 110 shown in FIG. 4, an NTN RAN 520 is an example of the network device 120 shown in FIG. 4, and a DASH server 540 is an example of the network entity 130 shown in FIG. 4. In the following, a timestamp denoted as T_BattementTendu presents a time that UE 510 switches from serving gNB to neighbor gNB. In addition, an assumed UE 510 service interrupt time window is denoted as T_bt, and T_BattementTendu is the ending timestamp of this UE 510 service interrupt time window. T_BattementTendu and T_bt may be calculated by the NTN RAN 520 (via serving gNB or neighbor gNB) .
[0087] At 5010, UE (DASH client) 510 is configured with a new event X for triggering a network coverage gap measurement reporting. The UE 510 reports altitude and trajectory in measurement results for RAN HO (Handover) decision. Specifically, the UE 510 generates the measurement report including UE altitude and trajectory accordingly, and transmits the measurement report to the NTN RAN 520 (serving gNB) during initiation process. In other words, the NTN RAN 520 receives the measurement report of UE 510’s altitude and trajectory.
[0088] At 5020, the NTN RAN 520 calculates T_BattementTendu and T_bt during HO preparation. Specifically, upon receiving the measurement report including UE 510’s altitude and trajectory without any neighboring cell measurement results of the UE 510, the NTN RAN 520 (i.e., the serving gNB) compares the received RSRP with a preconfigured threshold, and selects a neighbor gNB with the reported trajectory of the UE 510 if the RSRP is lower than the threshold, then the T_bt and T_BattementTendu are calculated at the NTN RAN 520 and 5GC 530 (by serving gNB or neighbor gNB) .
[0089] At 5030, the UE 510 receives T_BattementTendu and T_bt from NTN RAN 520, then UE (DASH client) 510 sends them to the DASH server 540 during HO execution. In this way, a terminal device in high-speed aerial-vehicles can download media seamlessly via NTNs. Specifically, the NTN RAN 520 (serving gNB or neighbor NB) signals the UE 510 a HO command including T_bt and T_BattementTendu, then DASH Client obtains this information from RRC entity of UE 510 and sends this information and UE buffer level to DASH server via network assistance request message. Furthermore, according to the T_BattementTendu and T_bt, at the UE (DASH client) 510, UE application layer generates a temporary delivery boost request and send the temporary delivery boost request to the DASH server 540, which is expected at T_expboost. In this case, T_expboost may be earlier than or equal to T_battementTendu -T_bt. In some example embodiments, the T_expboost may be included in the parameter of network assistance request, as shown in the following table 2. Table 2. network assistance request generic procedure
[0090] At 5040, Path switching is delayed by NTN RAN 520 to allow the UE (DASH client) 510 apply streaming strategies, e.g., increase streaming buffer. The DASH server 540 applies streaming strategies such as adding a clip of advertisement via serving gNB. Specifically, according to the T_BattementTendu and T_bt, the UE (DASH client) 510 may apply streaming strategies such as increasing online streaming buffer in advance. Alternatively, according to the T_BattementTendu, the UE (DASH client) 510 may play a clip of advertisement upon losing network connection per DASH server instruction. The length of advertisement may be longer than T_bt, and the advertisement may be downloaded in advance. In some example embodiments, according to the received request including T_bt and T_BattementTendu, the DASH server 540 may apply streaming adaptation strategies and take actions to optimize the streaming. In this way, service interruptions during coverage gaps can be avoided by applying the streaming adaptation strategies.
[0091] In some example embodiments, the neighbor gNB may delay path switching request message transmission according to T_BattementTendu to allow the UE (DASH client) 510 and the DASH server 540 to apply streaming strategies using the serving gNB. Alternatively, the neighbor gNB may start fetching content in advance, which also may be pulled by gNB or pushed from the DASH server 540. In this way, service interruptions during coverage gaps can be avoided by applying the streaming adaptation strategies. In this way, the delivery workflow and UE buffer management can be optimized.
[0092] FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B illustrates an example signaling flow 600 and an example signaling flow 600’ of enhanced messaging in intra-radio access network (RAN) handover call flow according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The example signaling flow 600 and the example signaling flow 600’ a re implementations of the example signaling flow 400 of FIG. 4. In particular, in the example embodiments discussed with respect to FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B, a UE 610 is an example of the apparatus 110 shown in FIG. 4, a serving gNB 620 is an example of the network device 120 shown in FIG. 4, a neighbor gNB 630 is an example of the further network device 120’ shown in FIG. 4, and a DASH server 650 is an example of the network entity 130 shown in FIG. 4. As shown in FIG. 6A, the UE 610 is RRC connected with network and may receive UE measurement report configuration and report measurement results.
[0093] The serving gNB 620 transmits (6005) a UE measurement configuration message which includes an event X configuration for CG (coverage gap) measurement report. The measurement configuration includes a parameter to address the network coverage gap measurement configuration, e.g., a period of measurement reporting if the event X is triggered. In addition, at 6010, the event X condition is met. The event X is a measurement reporting event, which is triggered when the signal quality of the serving cell falls below a predefined threshold. If the event X condition is fulfilled, it indicates that serving cell signal quality becomes worse than a network configured threshold, and no neighbor cell detects. The UE 610 then transmits (6015) , to the serving gNB 620, measurement report including RSRP of the serving cell, UE altitude and trajectory results, to prompt the network to take necessary actions.
[0094] At 6020, in a handover decision, the serving cell is preconfigured with a new RSRP threshold. If the reported serving cell RSRP is lower than the preconfigured threshold, the serving gNB 620 selects a neighbor gNB 620’ based on UE 610 trajectory and satellite constellation. For T_BattementTendu and T_bt collection and calculation, there are two optional implementations. In some example embodiments, for implementation 1 of the neighbor gNB 620’ calculating T_BattementTendu, the serving gNB 620 may transmit (6025) , to the neighbor gNB 620’, a handover request message including UE 610 altitude and serving gNB 620 beam patterns such as angle of departure (AoD) . Upon receiving and accepting the HO Request message, the neighbor gNB 620’ may calculate (6030) T_BattementTendu and T_bt based on the UE 610 altitude, the serving gNB 620 beam patterns and the neighbor gNB 620’ beam patterns, and the neighbor gNB 620’ may transmit (6035) , to the serving gNB 620, a handover request acknowledgement including the calculated T_BattementTendu and T_bt. In some other example embodiments, for implementation 2 of the serving gNB 620 calculating T_BattementTendu, the serving gNB 620 may transmit (6040) , to the neighbor gNB 620’, a handover request message. Upon receiving the HO request message, the neighbor gNB 620’ may transmit (6045) , to the serving gNB 620, a handover request acknowledgement including beam pattern information of the neighbor gNB 620’. In addition, the serving gNB 620 may calculate (6050) T_BattementTendu and T_bt based on the UE 610 altitude, the serving gNB 620 beam patterns and the neighbor gNB 620’ beam patterns.
[0095] Furthermore, continuing to refer to FIG. 6B, the serving gNB 620 transmits (6055) , to the UE 610, a HO command including the calculated T_bt and T_BattementTendu. In this case, the T_bt and T_BattementTendu may be delivered to a UE application layer (DASH client) by UE RRC entity. In addition, the UE 610 transmits (6060) , to the DASH server 650, a network assistance request message including the UE 610 buffer level, T_BattementTendu and T_bt. In this way, a terminal device in high-speed aerial-vehicles can download media seamlessly via NTNs.
[0096] Before or after transmitting (6060) the network assistance request message, the UE 610 applies (6065) streaming adaptation strategies and take actions. The client-oriented streaming strategies may include at least one of the following. In some example embodiments, the UE 610, when receiving T_BattementTendu, may increase its buffer size to anticipate and cover the complete T_bt duration without experiencing buffer starvation. The buffer may be reduced once the coverage is back. In some other example embodiments, the client, when receiving T_BattementTendu, may request a delivery boost to ensure its buffer will be full when entering the area with no coverage. In some example embodiments, the UE 610, when receiving T_BattementTendu, may download an ad-clip that may be played while having no coverage to maintain the video buffer full. In some other example embodiments, the client, when receiving T_BattementTendu, may turn off any segment request for the duration T_bt. In some example embodiments, the UE 610, when receiving T_BattementTendu, may notify the user that a lack of coverage will happen and proposes him an alternative, already caught video clip for the duration of the no-coverage area. Alternatively, the UE 610, when receiving, T_BattementTendu, may lower the video playback rate to avoid buffer starvation. The lower may be by few percents to remain unnoticeable. In this way, service interruptions during coverage gaps can be avoided by applying the streaming adaptation strategies.
[0097] After receiving (6060) the network assistance request message, the DASH server 650 applies (6070) streaming adaptation strategies and take actions. The server-oriented streaming strategies may include at least one of the following. In some example embodiments, the DASH server 650, when receiving T_BattementTendu, may request the player to increase its buffer size to avoid starvation. In some other example embodiments, the DASH server 650, when receiving T_BattementTendu, may create a splicing point in the video to insert an ad clip before entering the area with no coverage. Alternatively, the DASH server 650, when receiving T_BattementTendu, may increase push the next segments to the neighbor gNB 620’ to make them closer to the UE 610 when the UE 610 will get out of the area with no coverage. In this way, service interruptions during coverage gaps can be avoided by applying the streaming adaptation strategies.
[0098] Furthermore, the completion of UE 610 HO is indicated. The UE 610 transmits (6075) a HO complete message to the serving gNB 620. The neighbor gNB 620’ transmits (6080) a path switching request to an AMF 630. In this case, the transmission of the path switching request is delayed by the neighbor gNB 620’ according to T_BattementTendu. In addition, at the AMF 630 and a UMF / UPF 640, the AMF 630 performs (6085) a path switching related procedure with the UMF / UPF 640, for example, a PDU session modification. Moreover, the AMF 630 transmits (6090) a path switching request acknowledgement to the neighbor gNB 620’ that it receives the path switching request. In addition, at the serving gNB 620 and the neighbor gNB 620’, UE 610 context release is performed (6095) , that is, the neighbor gNB 620’ is triggered to request the serving gNB 620 release the UE 610 context. In this way, the delivery workflow and UE buffer management can be optimized.
[0099] FIG. 7 shows a flowchart of an example method 700 implemented at an apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 700 will be described from the perspective of an apparatus, such as the apparatus 110 in FIG. 1.
[0100] At block 710, the apparatus receives, from a network device, first information for a path switching of the apparatus from the network device to a further network device wherein the first information comprises at least one of: a time point associated with switching from the network device to a further network device, or a time interval for a handover from the network device to the further network device.
[0101] At block 720, the apparatus transmits, to a network entity, second information for the path switching of the apparatus, wherein the second information comprises at least one of: the time point, the time interval, or a buffer level of the apparatus. In this way, the quality of experience can be improved.
[0102] In some example embodiments, the time interval indicates an interrupt time window for the handover from the network device to the further network device, and the time point indicates an ending time point of the interrupt time window.
[0103] In some example embodiments, the apparatus is cause to: based on the time point and the time interval, generate a request for a temporary delivery boost; and transmit, to the network entity, the request for the temporary delivery boost at another time point which is earlier than or equals to the time point minus the time interval.
[0104] In some example embodiments, the apparatus is cause to: receive, from the network device, a measurement configuration comprising a configuration for an event for coverage gap measurement report.
[0105] In some example embodiments, the method 700 further comprises: in accordance with a determination that the event is triggered, generating based on the configuration for the event, a measurement report comprising at least one of: a reference signal received power (RSRP) of a serving cell, or information of the apparatus comprising altitude information of the apparatus and trajectory information of the apparatus; and transmitting the measurement report to the network device.
[0106] In some example embodiments, the method 700 further comprises: applying at least one of the following streaming adaptation strategies based on the time point and the timer interval: increasing a buffer size of the apparatus to cover the time interval, requesting a delivery boost, downloading one or more segments of video which is longer than or equals to the time interval, stopping a segment request for the time interval, playing one or more downloaded segments, or adjusting a playback rate. In this way, service interruptions during coverage gaps can be avoided by applying the streaming adaptation strategies.
[0107] In some example embodiments, the method 700 further comprises: transmitting, to the network device, a handover complete message .
[0108] In some example embodiments, the apparatus comprises a terminal device, the network device comprises a serving network device, the further network device comprises a neighbor network device, and the network entity comprises a core network device.
[0109] FIG. 8 shows a flowchart of an example method 800 implemented at an apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 800 will be described from the perspective of an apparatus, such as the network device 120 in FIG. 1.
[0110] At block 810, in accordance with a RSRP of a serving cell is lower than a predetermined threshold, the apparatus determines a further apparatus for a device at least based on information of the device.
[0111] At block 820, the apparatus obtains at least one of: a time point associated with switching from the apparatus to the further apparatus, or a time interval for a handover from the apparatus to the further apparatus.
[0112] At block 830, the apparatus transmits, to the device, first information for a path switching of the device from the apparatus to the further apparatus, wherein the first information comprises the at least one of the time point or the time interval. In this way, the quality of experience can be improved.
[0113] In some example embodiments, the time interval indicates an interrupt time window for the handover from the apparatus to the further apparatus, and the time point indicates an ending time point of the interrupt time window.
[0114] In some example embodiments, the method 800 further comprises: transmitting, to the further apparatus, a handover request comprising altitude information of the device and beam pattern information of the apparatus; and receiving, from the further apparatus, a handover request acknowledgement comprising the at least one of the time point or the time interval, wherein the at least one of the time point or the time interval is determined by the further apparatus based on the handover request and beam pattern information of the further apparatus.
[0115] In some example embodiments, the method 800 further comprises: transmitting, to the further apparatus, a handover request for beam pattern information of the further apparatus; receiving, from the further apparatus, a handover request acknowledgement comprising the beam pattern information of the further apparatus; and based on altitude information of the device, beam pattern information of the apparatus, and the received beam pattern information of the further apparatus, determining the at least one of the time point or the time interval.
[0116] In some example embodiments, the method 800 further comprises: transmitting, to the device, a measurement configuration message comprising a configuration for an event for coverage gap measurement report.
[0117] In some example embodiments, the method 800 further comprises: receiving, from the device, a measurement report comprising at least one of: the reference signal received power (RSRP) of the serving cell, or the information of the device, wherein the information of the device comprises altitude information of the device and trajectory information of the device.
[0118] In some example embodiments, the method 800 further comprises: receiving, from the device, a handover complete message; and transmitting, to the further apparatus, a message to identify the handover complete message of the device.
[0119] In some example embodiments, a path switching request message transmission to a core network entity is delayed by the further apparatus based on the time point. In this way, the quality of experience can be improved.
[0120] In some example embodiments, the core network entity comprises an access and mobility management function, AMF.
[0121] In some example embodiments, the device comprises a terminal device, the apparatus comprises a serving network device, and the further apparatus comprises a neighbor network device.
[0122] FIG. 9 shows a flowchart of an example method 900 implemented at a network entity in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 900 will be described from the perspective of a network entity, such as the network entity 130 in FIG. 1.
[0123] At block 910, the network entity receives, from a device, information for a path switching of the device from a network device to a further network device, wherein the information comprises at least one of: a time interval for a handover from the network device to the further network device, a time point associated with switching from the network device to the further network device, or a buffer level of the device. In this way, the quality of experience can be improved.
[0124] In some example embodiments, the time interval indicates an interrupt time window for the handover from the network device to the further network device, and the time point indicates an ending time point of the interrupt time window.
[0125] In some example embodiments, the method 900 further comprises: receiving and processing, from the device, a request for a temporary delivery boost. In this way, the quality of experience can be improved.
[0126] In some example embodiments, the method 900 further comprises: applying at least one of the following streaming adaptation strategies based on the time point and the time interval: requesting the device to increase a buffer size, delaying a streaming transmission of one or more video segments, or transmitting the following video segment to the further network device. In this way, service interruptions during coverage gaps can be avoided by applying the streaming adaptation strategies.
[0127] In some example embodiments, the network entity comprises a core network device, the device comprises a terminal device, the network device comprises a serving network device, and the further network device comprises a neighbor network device.
[0128] In some example embodiments, an apparatus capable of performing any of the method 700 (for example, the apparatus 110 in FIG. 1) may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 700. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module. The apparatus may be implemented as or included in the apparatus 110 in FIG. 1.
[0129] In some example embodiments, the apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a network device, first information for a path switching of the apparatus from the network device to a further network device wherein the first information comprises at least one of: a time point associated with switching from the network device to a further network device, or a time interval for a handover from the network device to the further network device; and means for transmitting, to a network entity, second information for the path switching of the apparatus, wherein the second information comprises at least one of: the time point, the time interval, or a buffer level of the apparatus.
[0130] In some example embodiments, the time interval indicates an interrupt time window for the handover from the network device to the further network device, and the time point indicates an ending time point of the interrupt time window.
[0131] In some example embodiments, the apparatus is cause to: based on the time point and the time interval, generate a request for a temporary delivery boost; and transmit, to the network entity, the request for the temporary delivery boost at another time point which is earlier than or equals to the time point minus the time interval.
[0132] In some example embodiments, the apparatus is cause to: receive, from the network device, a measurement configuration comprising a configuration for an event for coverage gap measurement report.
[0133] In some example embodiments, the apparatus further comprises: means for in accordance with a determination that the event is triggered, generating based on the configuration for the event, a measurement report comprising at least one of: a reference signal received power (RSRP) of a serving cell, or information of the apparatus comprising altitude information of the apparatus and trajectory information of the apparatus; and means for transmitting the measurement report to the network device.
[0134] In some example embodiments, the apparatus further comprises: means for applying at least one of the following streaming adaptation strategies based on the time point and the timer interval: increasing a buffer size of the apparatus to cover the time interval, requesting a delivery boost, downloading one or more segments of video which is longer than or equals to the time interval, stopping a segment request for the time interval, playing one or more downloaded segments, or adjusting a playback rate.
[0135] In some example embodiments, the apparatus further comprises: means for transmitting, to the network device, a handover complete message.
[0136] In some example embodiments, the apparatus comprises a terminal device, the network device comprises a serving network device, the further network device comprises a neighbor network device, and the network entity comprises a core network device.
[0137] In some example embodiments, an apparatus capable of performing any of the method 800 (for example, the network device 120 in FIG. 1) may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 800. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module. The apparatus may be implemented as or included in the network device 120 in FIG. 1.
[0138] In some example embodiments, the apparatus comprises means for in accordance with a RSRP of a serving cell is lower than a predetermined threshold, determining a further apparatus for a device at least based on information of the device; means for obtaining at least one of: a time point associated with switching from the apparatus to the further apparatus, or a time interval for a handover from the apparatus to the further apparatus; and means for transmitting, to the device, first information for a path switching of the device from the apparatus to the further apparatus, wherein the first information comprises the at least one of the time point or the time interval.
[0139] In some example embodiments, the time interval indicates an interrupt time window for the handover from the apparatus to the further apparatus, and the time point indicates an ending time point of the interrupt time window.
[0140] In some example embodiments, the apparatus further comprises: means for transmitting, to the further apparatus, a handover request comprising altitude information of the device and beam pattern information of the apparatus; and means for receiving, from the further apparatus, a handover request acknowledgement comprising the at least one of the time point or the time interval, wherein the at least one of the time point or the time interval is determined by the further apparatus based on the handover request and beam pattern information of the further apparatus.
[0141] In some example embodiments, the apparatus further comprises: means for transmitting, to the further apparatus, a handover request for beam pattern information of the further apparatus; means for receiving, from the further apparatus, a handover request acknowledgement comprising the beam pattern information of the further apparatus; and means for based on altitude information of the device, beam pattern information of the apparatus, and the received beam pattern information of the further apparatus, determining the at least one of the time point or the time interval.
[0142] In some example embodiments, the apparatus further comprises: means for transmitting, to the device, a measurement configuration message comprising a configuration for an event for coverage gap measurement report.
[0143] In some example embodiments, the apparatus further comprises: means for receiving, from the device, a measurement report comprising at least one of: the reference signal received power (RSRP) of the serving cell, or the information of the device, wherein the information of the device comprises altitude information of the device and trajectory information of the device.
[0144] In some example embodiments, the apparatus further comprises: means for receiving, from the device, a handover complete message; and means for transmitting, to the further apparatus, a message to identify the handover complete message of the device.
[0145] In some example embodiments, a path switching request message transmission to a core network entity is delayed by the further apparatus based on the time point.
[0146] In some example embodiments, the core network entity comprises an access and mobility management function, AMF.
[0147] In some example embodiments, the device comprises a terminal device, the apparatus comprises a serving network device, and the further apparatus comprises a neighbor network device.
[0148] In some example embodiments, a network entity capable of performing any of the method 900 (for example, the network entity 130 in FIG. 1) may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 900. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module. The network entity may be implemented as or included in the network entity 130 in FIG. 1.
[0149] In some example embodiments, the network entity comprises means for receiving, from a device, information for a path switching of the device from a network device to a further network device, wherein the information comprises at least one of: a time interval for a handover from the network device to the further network device, a time point associated with switching from the network device to the further network device, or a buffer level of the device.
[0150] In some example embodiments, the time interval indicates an interrupt time window for the handover from the network device to the further network device, and the time point indicates an ending time point of the interrupt time window.
[0151] In some example embodiments, the network entity further comprises: means for receiving and process, from the device, a request for a temporary delivery boost.
[0152] In some example embodiments, the network entity further comprises: means for applying at least one of the following streaming adaptation strategies based on the time point and the time interval: requesting the device to increase a buffer size, delaying a streaming transmission of one or more video segments, or transmitting the following video segment to the further network device.
[0153] In some example embodiments, the network entity comprises a core network device, the device comprises a terminal device, the network device comprises a serving network device, and the further network device comprises a neighbor network device.
[0154] FIG. 10 is a simplified block diagram of a device 1000 that is suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 1000 may be provided to implement a communication device, for example, the apparatus 110, the network device 120, or the network entity 130 as shown in FIG. 1. As shown, the device 1000 includes one or more processors 1010, one or more memories 1020 coupled to the processor 1010, and one or more communication modules 1040 coupled to the processor 1010.
[0155] The communication module 1040 is for bidirectional communications. The communication module 1040 has one or more communication interfaces to facilitate communication with one or more other modules or devices. The communication interfaces may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements. In some example embodiments, the communication module 1040 may include at least one antenna.
[0156] The processor 1010 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may include one or more of the following: general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 1000 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0157] The memory 1020 may include one or more non-volatile memories and one or more volatile memories. Examples of the non-volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a Read Only Memory (ROM) 1024, an electrically programmable read only memory (EPROM) , a flash memory, a hard disk, a compact disc (CD) , a digital video disk (DVD) , an optical disk, a laser disk, and other magnetic storage and / or optical storage. Examples of the volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a random-access memory (RAM) 1022 and other volatile memories that will not last in the power-down duration.
[0158] A computer program 1030 includes computer executable instructions that are executed by the associated processor 1010. The instructions of the program 1030 may include instructions for performing operations / acts of some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The program 1030 may be stored in the memory, e.g., the ROM 1024. The processor 1010 may perform any suitable actions and processing by loading the program 1030 into the RAM 1022.
[0159] The example embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by means of the program 1030 so that the device 1000 may perform any process of the disclosure as discussed with reference to FIG. 4 to FIG. 9. The example embodiments of the present disclosure may also be implemented by hardware or by a combination of software and hardware.
[0160] In some example embodiments, the program 1030 may be tangibly contained in a computer readable medium which may be included in the device 1000 (such as in the memory 1020) or other storage devices that are accessible by the device 1000. The device 1000 may load the program 1030 from the computer readable medium to the RAM 1022 for execution. In some example embodiments, the computer readable medium may include any types of non-transitory storage medium, such as ROM, EPROM, a flash memory, a hard disk, CD, DVD, and the like. The term “non-transitory, ” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM) .
[0161] FIG. 11 shows an example of the computer readable medium 1100 which may be in form of CD, DVD or other optical storage disk. The computer readable medium 1100 has the program 1030 stored thereon.
[0162] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, and other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. Although various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representations, it is to be understood that the block, apparatus, system, technique or method described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0163] Some example embodiments of the present disclosure also provide at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a computer readable medium, such as a non-transitory computer readable medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target physical or virtual processor, to carry out any of the methods as described above. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0164] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. The program code may be provided to a processor or controller of a general-purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program code, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0165] In the context of the present disclosure, the computer program code or related data may be carried by any suitable carrier to enable the device, apparatus or processor to perform various processes and operations as described above. Examples of the carrier include a signal, computer readable medium, and the like.
[0166] The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the computer readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random-access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0167] Further, although operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, although several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Unless explicitly stated, certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, unless explicitly stated, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in a plurality of embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0168] Although the present disclosure has been described in languages specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.An apparatus comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to:receive, from a network device, first information for a path switching of the apparatus from the network device to a further network device, wherein the first information comprises at least one of: a time point associated with switching from the network device to a further network device, or a time interval for a handover from the network device to the further network device; andtransmit, to a network entity, second information for the path switching of the apparatus, wherein the second information comprises at least one of: the time point, the time interval, or a buffer level of the apparatus.2.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the time interval indicates an interrupt time window for the handover from the network device to the further network device, andthe time point indicates an ending time point of the interrupt time window.3.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is cause to:based on the time point and the time interval, generate a request for a temporary delivery boost; andtransmit, to the network entity, the request for the temporary delivery boost at another time point which is earlier than or equals to the time point minus the time interval.4.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is cause to:receive, from the network device, a measurement configuration comprising a configuration for an event for coverage gap measurement report.5.The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the apparatus is caused to:in accordance with a determination that the event is triggered, generate, based on the configuration for the event, a measurement report comprising at least one of: a reference signal received power (RSRP) of a serving cell, or information of the apparatus comprising altitude information of the apparatus and trajectory information of the apparatus; andtransmit the measurement report to the network device.6.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the apparatus is caused to:apply at least one of the following streaming adaptation strategies based on the time point and the timer interval:increasing a buffer size of the apparatus to cover the time interval,requesting a delivery boost,downloading one or more segments of video which is longer than or equals to the time interval,stopping a segment request for the time interval,playing one or more downloaded segments, oradjusting a playback rate.7.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is caused to:transmit, to the network device, a handover complete message.8.The apparatus of any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the apparatus comprises a terminal device, the network device comprises a serving network device, the further network device comprises a neighbor network device, and the network entity comprises a core network device.9.An apparatus comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to:in accordance with a RSRP of a serving cell is lower than a predetermined threshold, determine a further apparatus for a device at least based on information of the device;obtain at least one of: a time point associated with switching from the apparatus to the further apparatus, or a time interval for a handover from the apparatus to the further apparatus; andtransmit, to the device, first information for a path switching of the device from the apparatus to the further apparatus, wherein the first information comprises the at least one of the time point or the time interval.10.The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the time interval indicates an interrupt time window for the handover from the apparatus to the further apparatus, andthe time point indicates an ending time point of the interrupt time window.11.The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the apparatus is caused to:transmit, to the further apparatus, a handover request comprising altitude information of the device and beam pattern information of the apparatus; andreceive, from the further apparatus, a handover request acknowledgement comprising the at least one of the time point or the time interval, wherein the at least one of the time point or the time interval is determined by the further apparatus based on the handover request and beam pattern information of the further apparatus.12.The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the apparatus is caused to:transmit, to the further apparatus, a handover request for beam pattern information of the further apparatus;receive, from the further apparatus, a handover request acknowledgement comprising the beam pattern information of the further apparatus; andbased on altitude information of the device, beam pattern information of the apparatus, and the received beam pattern information of the further apparatus, determine the at least one of the time point or the time interval.13.The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the apparatus is cause to:transmit, to the device, a measurement configuration message comprising a configuration for an event for coverage gap measurement report.14.The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the apparatus is caused to:receive, from the device, a measurement report comprising at least one of: the reference signal received power (RSRP) of the serving cell, or the information of the device, wherein the information of the device comprises altitude information of the device and trajectory information of the device.15.The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the apparatus is caused to:receive, from the device, a handover complete message; andtransmit, to the further apparatus, a message to identify the handover complete message of the device.16.The apparatus of claim 9, wherein a path switching request message transmission to a core network entity is delayed by the further apparatus based on the time point.17.The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the core network entity comprises an access and mobility management function, AMF.18.The apparatus of any of claims 9 to 17, wherein the device comprises a terminal device, the apparatus comprises a serving network device, and the further apparatus comprises a neighbor network device.19.A method comprising:receiving, at an apparatus and from a network device, first information for a path switching of the apparatus from the network device to a further network device, wherein the first information comprises at least one of: a time point associated with switching from the network device to a further network device, or a time interval for a handover from the network device to the further network device; andtransmitting, to a network entity, second information for the path switching of the apparatus, wherein the second information comprises at least one of: the time point, the time interval, or a buffer level of the apparatus.20.A method comprising:in accordance with a RSRP of a serving cell is lower than a predetermined threshold, determining, at an apparatus, a further apparatus for a device at least based on information of the device;obtaining at least one of: a time point associated with switching from the apparatus to the further apparatus, or a time interval for a handover from the apparatus to the further apparatus; andtransmitting, to the device, first information for a path switching of the device from the apparatus to the further apparatus, wherein the first information comprises the at least one of the time point or the time interval.21.A apparatus comprising:means for receiving, from a network device, first information for a path switching of the apparatus from the network device to a further network device, wherein the first information comprises at least one of: a time point associated with switching from the network device to a further network device, or a time interval for a handover from the network device to the further network device; andmeans for transmitting, to a network entity, second information for the path switching of the apparatus, wherein the second information comprises at least one of: the time point, the time interval, or a buffer level of the apparatus.22.A apparatus comprising:means for in accordance with a RSRP of a serving cell is lower than a predetermined threshold, determining a further apparatus for a device at least based on information of the device;means for obtaining at least one of: a time point associated with switching from the apparatus to the further apparatus, or a time interval for a handover from the apparatus to the further apparatus; andmeans for transmitting, to the device, first information for a path switching of the device from the apparatus to the further apparatus, wherein the first information comprises the at least one of the time point or the time interval.23.A computer readable medium comprising instructions stored thereon for causing an apparatus at least to perform the method of claim 19 or the method of claim 20.