Device request for ambient internet-of-things communication
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-05
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
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Figure CN2025075682_13082026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICE REQUEST FOR AMBIENT INTERNET-OF-THINGS COMMUNICATIONTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The technology discussed below relates generally to wireless communication and, more particularly, to a device request for ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) communication.INTRODUCTION
[0002] Next-generation wireless communication systems (e.g., 5GS) may include a 5G core network and a 5G radio access network (RAN) , such as a New Radio (NR) -RAN. The NR-RAN supports communication via one or more cells. For example, a wireless communication device such as a user equipment (UE) may access a first cell of a first base station (BS) such as a gNB and / or access a second cell of a second base station. A base station may schedule access to a cell to support access by multiple UEs. For example, a base station may allocate different resources (e.g., time domain and frequency domain resources) to be used by different UEs operating within the cell.
[0003] A communication system may support relatively low functionality communication devices that employ energy harvesting such as backscatter-based communication devices. In some examples, backscatter-based communication may involve interactions between a reader device and an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) device. In some examples, the reader device may transmit a carrier wave (CW) radio frequency (RF) signal or some other type of RF signal to activate (e.g., power up, wake up, initiate a response at, etc. ) the A-IoT device. Once activated by the RF signal, the A-IoT device may use a backscatter technique or some other technique to send an information signal to the reader device (e.g., in response to a query from the reader device sent via the RF signal) . Thus, the reader device may transmit RF signals to activate an A-IoT device and then receive data sent by the A-IoT device.BRIEF SUMMARY OF SOME EXAMPLES
[0004] The following presents a summary of one or more aspects of the present disclosure in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated features of the disclosure and is intended neither to identify key or critical elements of all aspects of the disclosure nor to delineate the scope of any or all aspects of the disclosure. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects of the disclosure in a form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
[0005] In some examples, a first apparatus for communication may include a processing system. The processing system may be configured to obtain a first indication of at least one device request resource. The processing system may also be configured to output a device request signal via the at least one device request resource. The processing system may be further configured to obtain a first message including a resource allocation after the device request signal is output.
[0006] In some examples, a method for communication at a first apparatus is disclosed. The method may include obtaining a first indication of at least one device request resource. The method may also include outputting a device request signal via the at least one device request resource. The method may further include obtaining a first message including a resource allocation after the device request signal is output.
[0007] In some examples, a first apparatus for communication may include means for obtaining a first indication of at least one device request resource. The first apparatus may also include means for outputting a device request signal via the at least one device request resource. The first apparatus may further include means for obtaining a first message including a resource allocation after the device request signal is output.
[0008] In some examples, a non-transitory computer-readable medium has stored therein instructions executable by a processing system of a first apparatus to obtain a first indication of at least one device request resource. The computer-readable medium may also have stored therein instructions executable by the processing system of the first apparatus to output a device request signal via the at least one device request resource. The computer-readable medium may further have stored therein instructions executable by the processing system of the first apparatus to obtain a first message including a resource allocation after the device request signal is output.
[0009] In some examples, a wireless node (e.g., an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) device) may include at least one transceiver and a processing system. The processing system may be configured to receive, via the at least one transceiver, a first indication of at least one device request resource. The processing system may also be configured to transmit, via the at least one transceiver, a device request signal via the at least one device request resource. The processing system may further be configured to receive, via the at least one transceiver after the device request signal is output, a first message including a resource allocation.
[0010] In some examples, a first apparatus for communication may include a processing system. The processing system may be configured to output a first indication of at least one device request resource. The processing system may also be configured to obtain a device request signal via the at least one device request resource. The processing system may be further configured to output a first message comprising a resource allocation after the device request signal is obtained.
[0011] In some examples, a method for communication at a first apparatus is disclosed. The method may include outputting a first indication of at least one device request resource. The method may also include obtaining a device request signal via the at least one device request resource. The method may further include outputting a first message comprising a resource allocation after the device request signal is obtained.
[0012] In some examples, a first apparatus for communication may include means for outputting a first indication of at least one device request resource. The first apparatus may also include means for obtaining a device request signal via the at least one device request resource. The first apparatus may further include means for outputting a first message comprising a resource allocation after the device request signal is obtained.
[0013] In some examples, a non-transitory computer-readable medium has stored therein instructions executable by a processing system of a first apparatus to output a first indication of at least one device request resource. The computer-readable medium may also have stored therein instructions executable by the processing system of the first apparatus to obtain a device request signal via the at least one device request resource. The computer-readable medium may further have stored therein instructions executable by the processing system of the first apparatus to output a first message comprising a resource allocation after the device request signal is obtained.
[0014] In some examples, a wireless node (e.g., a network entity or a user equipment) may include at least one transceiver and a processing system. The processing system may be configured to transmit, via the at least one transceiver, a first indication of at least one device request resource. The processing system may also be configured to receive, via the at least one transceiver, a device request signal via the at least one device request resource. The processing system may further be configured to transmit, via the at least one transceiver after the device request signal is received, a first message including a resource allocation.
[0015] These and other aspects of the disclosure will become more fully understood upon a review of the detailed description which follows. Other aspects, features, and examples of the present disclosure will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, upon reviewing the following description of specific, example aspects of the present disclosure in conjunction with the accompanying figures. While features of the present disclosure may be discussed relative to certain examples and figures below, all examples of the present disclosure can include one or more of the advantageous features discussed herein. In other words, while one or more examples may be discussed as having certain advantageous features, one or more of such features may also be used in accordance with the various examples of the disclosure discussed herein. In similar fashion, while example aspects may be discussed below as device, system, or method examples it should be understood that such example aspects can be implemented in various devices, systems, and methods.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a wireless communication system according to some aspects.
[0017] FIG. 2 is a conceptual illustration of an example of a radio access network according to some aspects.
[0018] FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of an example of an apparatus for communication according to some aspects.
[0019] FIG. 4 is a diagram providing a high-level illustration of one example of a configuration of a disaggregated base station according to some aspects.
[0020] FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of wireless resources in an air interface utilizing orthogonal frequency divisional multiplexing (OFDM) according to some aspects.
[0021] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a communication system employing backscatter-based communication according to some aspects.
[0022] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating receiver functionality in a wireless communication device according to some aspects.
[0023] FIG. 8 illustrates examples of ambient Internet-of Things (A-IoT) A-IoT topologies according to some aspects.
[0024] FIG. 9 illustrates examples of A-IoT inventory and command procedures according to some aspects.
[0025] FIG. 10 illustrates examples of A-IoT contention-based access operations according to some aspects.
[0026] FIG. 11 illustrates examples of A-IoT signaling involving indicating a device request resource and signaling a device request according to some aspects.
[0027] FIG. 12 illustrates examples of A-IoT signaling according to some aspects.
[0028] FIG. 13 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus (e.g., a reader device such as a user equipment or a network entity) employing a processing system according to some aspects.
[0029] FIG. 14 is a flow chart illustrating an example communication method involving A-IoT communication according to some aspects.
[0030] FIG. 15 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus (e.g., an A-IoT device) employing a processing system according to some aspects.
[0031] FIG. 16 is a flow chart illustrating an example communication method involving A-IoT communication according to some aspects.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0032] The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings is intended as a description of various configurations and is not intended to represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well known structures and components are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring such concepts.
[0033] While aspects and examples are described in this application by illustration to some examples, those skilled in the art will understand that additional implementations and use cases may come about in many different arrangements and scenarios. Innovations described herein may be implemented across many differing platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and packaging arrangements. For example, aspects and / or uses may come about via integrated chip examples and other non-module-component based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / purchasing devices, medical devices, artificial intelligence-enabled (AI-enabled) devices, etc. ) . While some examples may or may not be specifically directed to use cases or applications, a wide assortment of applicability of described innovations may occur. Implementations may range a spectrum from chip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip-level implementations and further to aggregate, distributed, or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) devices or systems incorporating one or more aspects of the described innovations. In some practical settings, devices incorporating described aspects and features may also necessarily include additional components and features for implementation and practice of claimed and described examples. For example, transmission and reception of wireless signals necessarily includes a number of components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antenna, radio frequency (RF) chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffer, processor (s) , interleaver, adders / summers, etc. ) . It is intended that innovations described herein may be practiced in a wide variety of devices, chip-level components, systems, distributed arrangements, disaggregated arrangements (e.g., base station and / or UE) , end-user devices, etc., of varying sizes, shapes, and constitution.
[0034] The disclosure relates in some aspects to signaling for ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) devices. In some examples, a reader device may transmit, to an A-IoT device, an indication of at least one resource to be used for a device request. Upon receiving such an indication, the A-IoT device may transmit a device request to the reader device (e.g., when the A-IoT device has data or other information to send to the reader device) .
[0035] The various concepts presented throughout this disclosure may be implemented across a broad variety of telecommunication systems, network architectures, and communication standards. Referring now to FIG. 1, as an illustrative example without limitation, various aspects of the present disclosure are illustrated with reference to a wireless communication system 100. The wireless communication system 100 includes three interacting domains: a core network 102, a radio access network (RAN) 104, and a user equipment (UE) 106. By virtue of the wireless communication system 100, the UE 106 may be enabled to carry out data communication with an external data network 110, such as (but not limited to) the Internet.
[0036] The RAN 104 may implement any suitable wireless communication technology or technologies to provide radio access to the UE 106. As one example, the RAN 104 may operate according to 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) New Radio (NR) specifications, often referred to as 5G. As another example, the RAN 104 may operate under a hybrid of 5G NR and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (eUTRAN) standards, often referred to as Long-Term Evolution (LTE) . The 3GPP refers to this hybrid RAN as a next-generation RAN, or NG-RAN. In another example, the RAN 104 may operate according to both the LTE and 5G NR standards. Of course, many other examples may be utilized within the scope of the present disclosure.
[0037] As illustrated, the RAN 104 includes a plurality of network entities (e.g., base stations 108) . Broadly, a network entity (e.g., base station) is a network element in a radio access network responsible for radio transmission and reception in one or more cells to or from a UE. In different technologies, standards, or contexts, a network entity (e.g., base station) may variously be referred to by those skilled in the art as a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic service set (BSS) , an extended service set (ESS) , an access point (AP) , a Node B (NB) , an eNode B (eNB) , a gNode B (gNB) , a transmission and reception point (TRP) , or some other suitable terminology. In some examples, a network entity (e.g., base station) may include two or more TRPs that may be collocated or non-collocated. Each TRP may communicate on the same or different carrier frequency within the same or different frequency band. In examples where the RAN 104 operates according to both the LTE and 5G NR standards, one of the network entities (e.g., base stations 108) may be an LTE base station, while another network entity (e.g., base station) may be a 5G NR base station.
[0038] The radio access network 104 is further illustrated supporting wireless communication for multiple mobile apparatuses. A mobile apparatus may be referred to as user equipment (UE) 106 in 3GPP standards. A mobile apparatus (e.g., UE) may be referred to by those skilled in the art as a mobile station (MS) , a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communications device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal (AT) , a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a terminal, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology. A UE 106 may be an apparatus that provides a user with access to network services. In examples where the RAN 104 operates according to both the LTE and 5G NR standards, the UE 106 may be an Evolved-Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network –New Radio dual connectivity (EN-DC) UE that is capable of simultaneously connecting to an LTE base station and an NR base station to receive data packets from both the LTE base station and the NR base station.
[0039] Within the present document, a mobile apparatus (e.g., UE) need not necessarily have a capability to move, and may be stationary. The term mobile apparatus or mobile device broadly refers to a diverse array of devices and technologies. UEs may include a number of hardware structural components sized, shaped, and arranged to help in communication; such components can include antennas, antenna arrays, RF chains, amplifiers, one or more processors, etc., electrically coupled to each other. For example, some non-limiting examples of a mobile apparatus (e.g., UE) include a mobile, a cellular (cell) phone, a smart phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a laptop, a personal computer (PC) , a notebook, a netbook, a smartbook, a tablet, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a vehicle (e.g., an automobile, a bus, etc. ) and a broad array of embedded systems, e.g., corresponding to an Internet of Things (IoT) .
[0040] A mobile apparatus (e.g., UE) may additionally be an automotive or other transportation vehicle, a remote sensor or actuator, a robot or robotics device, a satellite radio, a global positioning system (GPS) device, an object tracking device, a drone, a multi-copter, a quad-copter, a remote control device, a consumer and / or wearable device, such as eyewear, a wearable camera, a virtual reality device, a smart watch, a health or fitness tracker, a digital audio player (e.g., MP3 player) , a camera, a game console, etc. A mobile apparatus (e.g., UE) may additionally be a digital home or smart home device such as a home audio, video, and / or multimedia device, an appliance, a vending machine, intelligent lighting, a home security system, a smart meter, etc. A mobile apparatus (e.g., UE) may additionally be a smart energy device, a security device, a solar panel or solar array, a municipal infrastructure device controlling electric power (e.g., a smart grid) , lighting, water, etc., an industrial automation and enterprise device, a logistics controller, agricultural equipment, etc. Still further, a mobile apparatus (e.g., UE) may provide for connected medicine or telemedicine support, i.e., health care at a distance. Telehealth devices may include telehealth monitoring devices and telehealth administration devices, whose communication may be given preferential treatment or prioritized access over other types of information, e.g., in terms of prioritized access for transport of critical service data, and / or relevant QoS for transport of critical service data.
[0041] Wireless communication between a RAN 104 and a UE 106 may be described as utilizing an air interface. Transmissions over the air interface from a base station (e.g., base station 108) to one or more UEs (e.g., UE 106) may be referred to as downlink (DL) transmission. In some examples, the term downlink may refer to a point-to-multipoint transmission originating at a base station (e.g., base station 108) . Another way to describe this point-to-multipoint transmission scheme may be to use the term broadcast channel multiplexing. Transmissions from a UE (e.g., UE 106) to a base station (e.g., base station 108) may be referred to as uplink (UL) transmissions. In some examples, the term uplink may refer to a point-to-point transmission originating at a UE (e.g., UE 106) .
[0042] In some examples, access to the air interface may be scheduled, wherein a scheduling entity (e.g., a base station 108) of some other type of network entity allocates resources for communication among some or all devices and equipment within its service area or cell. Within the present disclosure, as discussed further below, the scheduling entity may be responsible for scheduling, assigning, reconfiguring, and releasing resources for one or more scheduled entities (e.g., UEs) . That is, for scheduled communication, a plurality of UEs 106, which may be scheduled entities, may utilize resources allocated by a scheduling entity (e.g., a base station 108) .
[0043] Base stations 108 are not the only entities that may function as scheduling entities. That is, in some examples, a UE may function as a scheduling entity, scheduling resources for one or more scheduled entities (e.g., one or more other UEs) . For example, UEs may communicate with other UEs in a peer-to-peer or device-to-device fashion and / or in a relay configuration.
[0044] As illustrated in FIG. 1, a scheduling entity (e.g., a base station 108) may broadcast downlink traffic 112 to one or more scheduled entities (e.g., a UE 106) . Broadly, the scheduling entity is a node or device responsible for scheduling traffic in a wireless communication network, including the downlink traffic 112 and, in some examples, uplink traffic 116 and / or uplink control information 118 from one or more scheduled entities to the scheduling entity. On the other hand, the scheduled entity is a node or device that receives downlink control information 114, including but not limited to scheduling information (e.g., a grant) , synchronization or timing information, or other control information from another entity in the wireless communication network such as the scheduling entity.
[0045] In addition, the uplink control information 118, downlink control information 114, downlink traffic 112, and / or uplink traffic 116 may be time-divided into frames, subframes, slots, and / or symbols. As used herein, a symbol may refer to a unit of time that, in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) waveform, carries one resource element (RE) per sub-carrier. A slot may carry 7 or 14 OFDM symbols in some examples. A subframe may refer to a duration of 1 millisecond (ms) . Multiple subframes or slots may be grouped together to form a single frame or radio frame. Within the present disclosure, a frame may refer to a predetermined duration (e.g., 10 ms) for wireless transmissions, with each frame consisting of, for example, 10 subframes of 1 ms each. Of course, these definitions are not required, and any suitable scheme for organizing waveforms may be utilized, and various time divisions of the waveform may have any suitable duration.
[0046] In general, base stations 108 may include a backhaul interface for communication with a backhaul 120 of the wireless communication system. The backhaul 120 may provide a link between a base station 108 and the core network 102. Further, in some examples, a backhaul network may provide interconnection between the respective base stations 108. Various types of backhaul interfaces may be employed, such as a direct physical connection, a virtual network, or the like using any suitable transport network.
[0047] The core network 102 may be a part of the wireless communication system 100, and may be independent of the radio access technology used in the RAN 104. In some examples, the core network 102 may be configured according to 5G standards (e.g., 5GC) . In other examples, the core network 102 may be configured according to a 4G evolved packet core (EPC) , or any other suitable standard or configuration.
[0048] Referring now to FIG. 2, by way of example and without limitation, a schematic illustration of a radio access network (RAN) 200 is provided. In some examples, the RAN 200 may be the same as the RAN 104 described above and illustrated in FIG. 1.
[0049] The geographic area covered by the RAN 200 may be divided into cellular regions (cells) that can be uniquely identified by a user equipment (UE) based on an identification broadcasted from one access point or base station. FIG. 2 illustrates cells 202, 204, 206, and 208, each of which may include one or more sectors (not shown) . A sector is a sub-area of a cell. All sectors within one cell are served by the same base station. A radio link within a sector can be identified by a single logical identification belonging to that sector. In a cell that is divided into sectors, the multiple sectors within a cell can be formed by groups of antennas with each antenna responsible for communication with UEs in a portion of the cell.
[0050] Various base station arrangements can be utilized. For example, in FIG. 2, two base stations 210 and 212 are shown in cells 202 and 204; and a base station 214 is shown controlling a remote radio head (RRH) 216 in cell 206. That is, a base station can have an integrated antenna or can be connected to an antenna or RRH by feeder cables. In the illustrated example, the cells 202, 204, and 206 may be referred to as macrocells, as the base stations 210, 212, and 214 support cells having a large size. Further, a base station 218 is shown in the cell 208, which may overlap with one or more macrocells. In this example, the cell 208 may be referred to as a small cell (e.g., a microcell, picocell, femtocell, home base station, home Node B, home eNode B, etc. ) , as the base station 218 supports a cell having a relatively small size. Cell sizing can be done according to system design as well as component constraints.
[0051] It is to be understood that the RAN 200 may include any number of wireless base stations and cells. Further, a relay node may be deployed to extend the size or coverage area of a given cell. The base stations 210, 212, 214, 218 provide wireless access points to a core network for any number of mobile apparatuses. In some examples, the base stations 210, 212, 214, and / or 218 may be the same as the base station / scheduling entity described above and illustrated in FIG. 1.
[0052] FIG. 2 further includes an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) 220, which may be a drone or quadcopter. The UAV 220 may be configured to function as a base station, or more specifically as a mobile base station. That is, in some examples, a cell may not necessarily be stationary, and the geographic area of the cell may move according to the location of a mobile base station, such as the UAV 220.
[0053] Within the RAN 200, the cells may include UEs that may be in communication with one or more sectors of each cell. Further, each base station 210, 212, 214, and 218 may be configured to provide an access point to a core network 102 (see FIG. 1) for all the UEs in the respective cells. For example, UEs 222 and 224 may be in communication with base station 210; UEs 226 and 228 may be in communication with base station 212; UEs 230 and 232 may be in communication with base station 214 by way of RRH 216; and UE 234 may be in communication with base station 218. In some examples, the UEs 222, 224, 226, 228, 230, 232, 234, 236, 238, 240, and / or 242 may be the same as the UE / scheduled entity described above and illustrated in FIG. 1. In some examples, the UAV 220 (e.g., the quadcopter) can be a mobile network node and may be configured to function as a UE. For example, the UAV 220 may operate within cell 202 by communicating with base station 210.
[0054] In a further aspect of the RAN 200, sidelink signals may be used between UEs without necessarily relying on scheduling or control information from a base station. Sidelink communication may be utilized, for example, in a device-to-device (D2D) network, peer-to-peer (P2P) network, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) network, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) network, and / or other suitable sidelink network. For example, two or more UEs (e.g., UEs 238, 240, and 242) may communicate with each other using sidelink signals 237 without relaying that communication through a base station. In some examples, the UEs 238, 240, and 242 may each function as a scheduling entity or transmitting sidelink device and / or a scheduled entity or a receiving sidelink device to schedule resources and communicate sidelink signals 237 therebetween without relying on scheduling or control information from a base station. In other examples, two or more UEs (e.g., UEs 226 and 228) within the coverage area of a base station (e.g., base station 212) may also communicate sidelink signals 227 over a direct link (sidelink) without conveying that communication through the base station 212. In this example, the base station 212 may allocate resources to the UEs 226 and 228 for the sidelink communication.
[0055] In the RAN 200, the ability for a UE to communicate while moving, independent of its location, is referred to as mobility. The various physical channels between the UE and the radio access network are generally set up, maintained, and released under the control of an access and mobility management function (AMF, not illustrated, part of the core network 102 in FIG. 1) , which may include a security context management function (SCMF) that manages the security context for both the control plane and the user plane functionality, and a security anchor function (SEAF) that performs authentication.
[0056] A RAN 200 may utilize DL-based mobility or UL-based mobility to enable mobility and handovers (i.e., the transfer of a UE’s connection from one radio channel to another) . In a network configured for DL-based mobility, during a call with a scheduling entity, or at any other time, a UE may monitor various parameters of the signal from its serving cell as well as various parameters of neighboring cells. Depending on the quality of these parameters, the UE may maintain communication with one or more of the neighboring cells. During this time, if the UE moves from one cell to another, or if signal quality from a neighboring cell exceeds that from the serving cell for a given amount of time, the UE may undertake a handoff or handover from the serving cell to the neighboring (target) cell. For example, UE 224 (illustrated as a vehicle, although any suitable form of UE may be used) may move from the geographic area corresponding to its serving cell (e.g., the cell 202) to the geographic area corresponding to a neighbor cell (e.g., the cell 206) . When the signal strength or quality from the neighbor cell exceeds that of the serving cell for a given amount of time, the UE 224 may transmit a reporting message to its serving base station (e.g., the base station 210) indicating this condition. In response, the UE 224 may receive a handover command, and the UE may undergo a handover to the cell 206.
[0057] In a network configured for UL-based mobility, UL reference signals from each UE may be utilized by the network to select a serving cell for each UE. In some examples, the base stations 210, 212, and 214 / 216 may broadcast unified synchronization signals (e.g., unified Primary Synchronization Signals (PSSs) , unified Secondary Synchronization Signals (SSSs) and unified Physical Broadcast Channels (PBCH) ) . The UEs 222, 224, 226, 228, 230, and 232 may receive the unified synchronization signals, derive the carrier frequency and slot timing from the synchronization signals, and in response to deriving timing, transmit an uplink pilot or reference signal. The uplink pilot signal transmitted by a UE (e.g., UE 224) may be concurrently received by two or more cells (e.g., base stations 210 and 214 / 216) within the RAN 200. Each of the cells may measure a strength of the pilot signal, and the radio access network (e.g., one or more of the base stations 210 and 214 / 216 and / or a central node within the core network) may determine a serving cell for the UE 224. As the UE 224 moves through the RAN 200, the network may continue to monitor the uplink pilot signal transmitted by the UE 224. When the signal strength or quality of the pilot signal measured by a neighboring cell exceeds that of the signal strength or quality measured by the serving cell, the RAN 200 may handover the UE 224 from the serving cell to the neighboring cell, with or without informing the UE 224.
[0058] Although the synchronization signal transmitted by the base stations 210, 212, and 214 / 216 may be unified, the synchronization signal may not identify a particular cell, but rather may identify a zone of multiple cells operating on the same frequency and / or with the same timing. The use of zones in 5G networks or other next generation communication networks enables the uplink-based mobility framework and improves the efficiency of both the UE and the network, since the number of mobility messages that need to be exchanged between the UE and the network may be reduced.
[0059] In various implementations, the air interface in the RAN 200 may utilize licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or shared spectrum. Licensed spectrum provides for exclusive use of a portion of the spectrum, generally by virtue of a mobile network operator purchasing a license from a government regulatory body. Unlicensed spectrum provides for shared use of a portion of the spectrum without the need for a government-granted license. While compliance with some technical rules is generally still required to access unlicensed spectrum, generally, any operator or device may gain access. Shared spectrum may fall between licensed and unlicensed spectrum, wherein technical rules or limitations may be required to access the spectrum, but the spectrum may still be shared by multiple operators and / or multiple radio access technologies (RATs) . For example, the holder of a license for a portion of licensed spectrum may provide licensed shared access (LSA) to share that spectrum with other parties, e.g., with suitable licensee-determined conditions to gain access.
[0060] The air interface in the RAN 200 may utilize one or more multiplexing and multiple access algorithms to enable simultaneous communication of the various devices. For example, 5G NR specifications provide multiple access for UL transmissions from UEs 222 and 224 to base station 210, and for multiplexing for DL transmissions from base station 210 to one or more UEs 222 and 224, utilizing orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with a cyclic prefix (CP) . In addition, for UL transmissions, 5G NR specifications provide support for discrete Fourier transform-spread-OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) with a CP (also referred to as single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) ) . However, within the scope of the present disclosure, multiplexing and multiple access are not limited to the above schemes, and may be provided utilizing time division multiple access (TDMA) , code division multiple access (CDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , sparse code multiple access (SCMA) , resource spread multiple access (RSMA) , or other suitable multiple access schemes. Further, multiplexing DL transmissions from the base station 210 to UEs 222 and 224 may be provided utilizing time division multiplexing (TDM) , code division multiplexing (CDM) , frequency division multiplexing (FDM) , orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) , sparse code multiplexing (SCM) , or other suitable multiplexing schemes.
[0061] The air interface in the RAN 200 may further utilize one or more duplexing algorithms. Duplex refers to a point-to-point communication link where both endpoints can communicate with one another in both directions. Full-duplex means both endpoints can simultaneously communicate with one another. Half-duplex means only one endpoint can send information to the other at a time. Half-duplex emulation is frequently implemented for wireless links utilizing time division duplex (TDD) . In TDD, transmissions in different directions on a given channel are separated from one another using time division multiplexing. That is, at some times the channel is dedicated for transmissions in one direction, while at other times the channel is dedicated for transmissions in the other direction, where the direction may change very rapidly, e.g., several times per slot. In a wireless link, a full-duplex channel generally relies on physical isolation of a transmitter and receiver, and suitable interference cancelation technologies. Full-duplex emulation is frequently implemented for wireless links by utilizing frequency division duplex (FDD) or spatial division duplex (SDD) . In FDD, transmissions in different directions operate at different carrier frequencies. In SDD, transmissions in different directions on a given channel are separate from one another using spatial division multiplexing (SDM) . In other examples, full-duplex communication may be implemented within unpaired spectrum (e.g., within a single carrier bandwidth) , where transmissions in different directions occur within different sub-bands of the carrier bandwidth. This type of full-duplex communication may be referred to as sub-band full-duplex (SBFD) , cross-division duplex (xDD) , or flexible duplex.
[0062] FIG. 3 illustrates an example apparatus 300 according to certain aspects of the disclosure. In some examples, the apparatus 300 may be a network entity (e.g., a BS) , a UE, or some other type of wireless node (e.g., a node that utilizes wireless spectrum (e.g., a particular RF spectrum) to communicate with another node or entity) . In some examples, the apparatus 300 may correspond to any of the apparatuses, A-IoT devices, UEs, scheduled entities, network entities, base stations (e.g., gNBs) , scheduling entities, DUs, CUs, RAN nodes, or CN entities shown in any of FIGs. 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 15.
[0063] The apparatus 300 includes an apparatus 302 (e.g., an integrated circuit) and, optionally, at least one other component 308. In some aspects, the apparatus 302 may be configured to operate in a wireless communication device (e.g., a UE, a BS, etc. ) and to perform one or more of the operations described herein. The apparatus 302 includes a processing system 304 (e.g., including one or more processors) , and a memory 306 (e.g., representative of one or more memories) coupled to the processing system 304. Example implementations of the processing system 304 are provided herein. In some examples, the processing system 304 of FIG. 3 may correspond to the processing system 1314 of FIG. 13. In some examples, the processing system 304 of FIG. 3 may correspond to the processing system 1514 of FIG. 15.
[0064] The processing system 304 is generally adapted for processing, including the execution of programming (e.g., processor-executable code) stored on the memory 306. For example, the memory 306 may store instructions that, when executed by the processing system 304, cause the processing system 304 to perform one or more of the operations described herein.
[0065] In some implementations, the apparatus 302 communicates with at least one other component (e.g., a component 308 external to the apparatus 302) of the apparatus 300. To this end, in some implementations, the apparatus 302 may include at least one interface 310 (e.g., a send and / or receive interface) coupled to the processing system 304 for outputting and / or obtaining (e.g., sending and / or receiving) information (e.g., received information, generated information, decoded information, messages, etc. ) between the processing system 304 and the other component (s) 308. In some implementations, the interface 310 may include an interface bus, bus drivers, bus receivers, buffers, other suitable circuitry, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the interface 310 may include radio frequency (RF) circuitry (e.g., an RF transmitter and / or an RF receiver) . In some implementations, the interface 310 may be configured to interface the apparatus 302 to one or more other components of the apparatus 300 (other components not shown in FIG. 3) . For example, the interface 310 may be configured to interface the processing system 304 to a radio frequency (RF) front end (e.g., an RF transmitter and / or an RF receiver) .
[0066] The apparatus 302 may communicate with other apparatuses in various ways. In cases where the apparatus 302 includes an RF transceiver (not shown in FIG. 3) , the apparatus may transmit and receive information (e.g., a frame, a message, bits, etc. ) via RF signaling. In some cases, rather than transmitting information via RF signaling, the apparatus 302 may have an interface to provide (e.g., output, send, transmit, etc. ) information for RF transmission. For example, the processing system 304 may output information, via a bus interface, to an RF front end for RF transmission. Similarly, rather than receiving information via RF signaling, the apparatus 302 may have an interface to obtain information that is received by another apparatus. For example, the processing system 304 may obtain (e.g., receive) information, via a bus interface, from an RF receiver that received the information via RF signaling. In some implementations, an interface may include multiple interfaces. For example, a bidirectional interface may include a first interface for obtaining and a second interface for outputting.
[0067] Deployment of communication systems, such as 5G new radio (NR) systems, may be arranged in multiple manners with various components or constituent parts. In a 5G NR system, or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a radio access network (RAN) node, a core network node, a network element, or a network equipment, such as a base station (BS) , or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functionality, may be implemented in an aggregated or disaggregated architecture. For example, a BS (such as a Node B (NB) , evolved NB (eNB) , NR BS, 5G NB, access point (AP) , a transmit receive point (TRP) , or a cell, etc. ) may be implemented as an aggregated base station (also known as a standalone BS or a monolithic BS) or a disaggregated base station.
[0068] An aggregated base station may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. A disaggregated base station may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more units (such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , or one or more radio units (RUs) ) . In some aspects, a CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed throughout one or multiple other RAN nodes. The DUs may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CUs, the DUs, and the RUs also can be implemented as virtual units, i.e., a virtual central unit (VCU) , a virtual distributed unit (VDU) , or a virtual radio unit (VRU) .
[0069] Base station-type operation or network design may consider aggregation characteristics of base station functionality. For example, disaggregated base stations may be utilized in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (such as the network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) ) , or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) ) . Disaggregation may include distributing functionality across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as distributing functionality for at least one unit virtually, which can enable flexibility in network design. The various units of the disaggregated base station, or disaggregated RAN architecture, can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.
[0070] FIG. 4 shows a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station 400 architecture. The disaggregated base station 400 architecture may include one or more central units (CUs) 410 that can communicate directly with a core network 420 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 420 through one or more disaggregated base station units (such as a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 425 via an E2 link, or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC 415 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 405, or both) . A CU 410 may communicate with one or more distributed units (DUs) 430 via respective midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DUs 430 may communicate with one or more radio units (RUs) 440 via respective fronthaul links. The RUs 440 may communicate with respective UEs 450 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, the UE 450 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 440.
[0071] Each of the units, i.e., the CUs 410, the DUs 430, the RUs 440, as well as the Near-RT RICs 425, the Non-RT RICs 415 and the SMO Framework 405, may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the communication interfaces of the units, can be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium. For example, the units can include a wired interface configured to receive or transmit signals over a wired transmission medium to one or more of the other units. Additionally, the units can include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter or transceiver (such as a radio frequency (RF) transceiver) , configured to receive or transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other units.
[0072] In some aspects, the CU 410 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions can include radio resource control (RRC) , packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) , service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) , or the like. Each control function can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 410. The CU 410 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit –User Plane (CU-UP) ) , control plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit –Control Plane (CU-CP) ) , or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 410 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. The CU-UP unit can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 410 can be implemented to communicate with the distributed unit (DU) 430, as necessary, for network control and signaling.
[0073] The DU 430 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 440. In some aspects, the DU 430 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, or the like) depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as those defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . In some aspects, the DU 430 may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 430, or with the control functions hosted by the CU 410.
[0074] Lower-layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RUs 440. In some deployments, an RU 440, controlled by a DU 430, may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions, or low-PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT) , inverse FFT (iFFT) , digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or the like) , or both, based at least in part on the functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, the RU (s) 440 can be implemented to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 450. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU (s) 440 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 430. In some scenarios, this configuration can enable the DU (s) 430 and the CU 410 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
[0075] The SMO Framework 405 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 405 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface) . For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 405 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 490) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface) . Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, CUs 410, DUs 430, RUs 440 and Near-RT RICs 425. In some implementations, the SMO Framework 405 can communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 411, via an O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO Framework 405 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 440 via an O1 interface. The SMO Framework 405 also may include a Non-RT RIC 415 configured to support functionality of the SMO Framework 405.
[0076] The Non-RT RIC 415 may be configured to include a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the Near-RT RIC 425. The Non-RT RIC 415 may be coupled to or communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 425. The Near-RT RIC 425 may be configured to include a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions over an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 410, one or more DUs 430, or both, as well as an O-eNB, with the Near-RT RIC 425.
[0077] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 425, the Non-RT RIC 415 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 425 and may be received at the SMO Framework 405 or the Non-RT RIC 415 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 415 or the Near-RT RIC 425 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 415 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO Framework 405 (such as reconfiguration via O1) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies) .
[0078] Various aspects of the present disclosure will be described with reference to an OFDM waveform, an example of which is schematically illustrated in FIG. 5. It should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the various aspects of the present disclosure may be applied to an SC-FDMA waveform in substantially the same way as described herein below. That is, while some examples of the present disclosure may focus on an OFDM link for clarity, it should be understood that the same principles may be applied as well to SC-FDMA waveforms.
[0079] Referring now to FIG. 5, an expanded view of an example subframe 502 is illustrated, showing an OFDM resource grid. However, as those skilled in the art will readily appreciate, the physical (PHY) layer transmission structure for any particular application may vary from the example described here, depending on any number of factors. Here, time is in the horizontal direction with units of OFDM symbols; and frequency is in the vertical direction with units of subcarriers of the carrier.
[0080] The resource grid 504 may be used to schematically represent time-frequency resources for a given antenna port. In some examples, an antenna port is a logical entity used to map data streams to one or more antennas. Each antenna port may be associated with a reference signal (e.g., which may allow a receiver to distinguish data streams associated with the different antenna ports in a received transmission) . An antenna port may be defined such that the channel over which a symbol on the antenna port is conveyed can be inferred from the channel over which another symbol on the same antenna port is conveyed. Thus, a given antenna port may represent a specific channel model associated with a particular reference signal. In some examples, a given antenna port and sub-carrier spacing (SCS) may be associated with a corresponding resource grid (including REs as discussed above) . Here, modulated data symbols from multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) layers may be combined and re-distributed to each of the antenna ports, then precoding is applied, and the precoded data symbols are applied to corresponding REs for OFDM signal generation and transmission via one or more physical antenna elements. In some examples, the mapping of an antenna port to a physical antenna may be based on beamforming (e.g., a signal may be transmitted on certain antenna ports to form a desired beam) . Thus, a given antenna port may correspond to a particular set of beamforming parameters (e.g., signal phases and / or amplitudes) .
[0081] In a MIMO implementation with multiple antenna ports available, a corresponding multiple number of resource grids 504 may be available for communication. The resource grid 504 is divided into multiple resource elements (REs) 506. An RE, which is 1 subcarrier × 1 symbol, is the smallest discrete part of the time–frequency grid, and contains a single complex value representing data from a physical channel or signal. Depending on the modulation utilized in a particular implementation, each RE may represent one or more bits of information. In some examples, a block of REs may be referred to as a physical resource block (PRB) or more simply a resource block (RB) 508, which contains any suitable number of consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. In one example, an RB may include 12 subcarriers, a number independent of the numerology used. In some examples, depending on the numerology, an RB may include any suitable number of consecutive OFDM symbols in the time domain. Within the present disclosure, it is assumed that a single RB such as the RB 508 entirely corresponds to a single direction of communication (either transmission or reception for a given device) .
[0082] A set of continuous or discontinuous resource blocks may be referred to herein as a Resource Block Group (RBG) , sub-band, or bandwidth part (BWP) . A set of sub-bands or BWPs may span the entire bandwidth. Scheduling of scheduled entities (e.g., UEs) for downlink, uplink, or sidelink transmissions typically involves scheduling one or more resource elements 506 within one or more sub-bands or bandwidth parts (BWPs) . Thus, a UE generally utilizes only a subset of the resource grid 504. In some examples, an RB may be the smallest unit of resources that can be allocated to a UE. Thus, the more RBs scheduled for a UE, and the higher the modulation scheme chosen for the air interface, the higher the data rate for the UE. The RBs may be scheduled by a scheduling entity, such as a base station (e.g., gNB, eNB, etc. ) , or may be self-scheduled by a UE implementing D2D sidelink communication.
[0083] In this illustration, the RB 508 is shown as occupying less than the entire bandwidth of the subframe 502, with some subcarriers illustrated above and below the RB 508. In a given implementation, the subframe 502 may have a bandwidth corresponding to any number of one or more RBs 508. Further, in this illustration, the RB 508 is shown as occupying less than the entire duration of the subframe 502, although this is merely one possible example.
[0084] Each 1 ms subframe 502 may consist of one or multiple adjacent slots. In the example shown in FIG. 5, one subframe 502 includes four slots 510, as an illustrative example. In some examples, a slot may be defined according to a specified number of OFDM symbols with a given cyclic prefix (CP) length. For example, a slot may include 7 or 14 OFDM symbols with a nominal CP. Additional examples may include mini-slots, sometimes referred to as shortened transmission time intervals (TTIs) , having a shorter duration (e.g., one to three OFDM symbols) . These mini-slots or shortened transmission time intervals (TTIs) may in some cases be transmitted occupying resources scheduled for ongoing slot transmissions for the same or for different UEs. Any number of resource blocks may be utilized within a subframe or slot.
[0085] An expanded view of one of the slots 510 illustrates the slot 510 including a control region 512 and a data region 514. In general, the control region 512 may carry control channels, and the data region 514 may carry data channels. Of course, a slot may contain all DL, all UL, or at least one DL portion and at least one UL portion. The structure illustrated in FIG. 5 is merely an example, and different slot structures may be utilized, and may include one or more of each of the control region (s) and data region (s) .
[0086] Although not illustrated in FIG. 5, the various REs 506 within an RB 508 may be scheduled to carry one or more physical channels, including control channels, shared channels, data channels, etc. Other REs 506 within the RB 508 may also carry pilots or reference signals. These pilots or reference signals may provide for a receiving device to perform channel estimation of the corresponding channel, which may enable coherent demodulation / detection of the control and / or data channels within the RB 508.
[0087] In some examples, the slot 510 may be utilized for broadcast, multicast, groupcast, or unicast communication. For example, a broadcast, multicast, or groupcast communication may refer to a point-to-multipoint transmission by one device (e.g., a base station, UE, or other similar device) to other devices. Here, a broadcast communication is delivered to all devices, whereas a multicast or groupcast communication is delivered to multiple intended recipient devices. A unicast communication may refer to a point-to-point transmission by a one device to a single other device.
[0088] In an example of cellular communication over a cellular carrier via a Uu interface, for a DL transmission, the scheduling entity (e.g., a base station) may allocate one or more REs 506 (e.g., within the control region 512) to carry DL control information including one or more DL control channels, such as a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , to one or more scheduled entities (e.g., UEs) . The PDCCH carries downlink control information (DCI) including but not limited to power control commands (e.g., one or more open loop power control parameters and / or one or more closed loop power control parameters) , scheduling information, a grant, and / or an assignment of REs for DL and UL transmissions. The PDCCH may further carry hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback transmissions such as an acknowledgment (ACK) or negative acknowledgment (NACK) . HARQ is a technique well-known to those of ordinary skill in the art, wherein the integrity of packet transmissions may be checked at the receiving side for accuracy, e.g., utilizing any suitable integrity checking mechanism, such as a checksum or a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) . If the integrity of the transmission is confirmed, an ACK may be transmitted, whereas if not confirmed, a NACK may be transmitted. In response to a NACK, the transmitting device may send a HARQ retransmission, which may implement chase combining, incremental redundancy, etc.
[0089] The base station may further allocate one or more REs 506 (e.g., in the control region 512 or the data region 514) to carry other DL signals, such as a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) ; a phase-tracking reference signal (PT-RS) ; a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) ; and a synchronization signal block (SSB) . SSBs may be broadcast at regular intervals based on a periodicity (e.g., 5, 10, 20, 30, 80, or 130 ms) . An SSB includes a primary synchronization signal (PSS) , a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) , and a physical broadcast control channel (PBCH) . A UE may utilize the PSS and SSS to achieve radio frame, subframe, slot, and symbol synchronization in the time domain, identify the center of the channel (system) bandwidth in the frequency domain, and identify the physical cell identity (PCI) of the cell.
[0090] The PBCH in the SSB may further include a master information block (MIB) that includes various system information, along with parameters for decoding a system information block (SIB) . The SIB may be, for example, a SystemInformationType 1 (SIB1) that may include various additional (remaining) system information. The MIB and SIB1 together provide the minimum system information (SI) for initial access. Examples of system information transmitted in the MIB may include, but are not limited to, a subcarrier spacing (e.g., default downlink numerology) , system frame number, a configuration of a PDCCH control resource set (CORESET) (e.g., PDCCH CORESET0) , a cell barred indicator, a cell reselection indicator, a raster offset, and a search space for SIB1. Examples of remaining minimum system information (RMSI) transmitted in the SIB1 may include, but are not limited to, a random access search space, a paging search space, downlink configuration information, and uplink configuration information. A base station may transmit other system information (OSI) as well.
[0091] In an UL transmission, the UE may utilize one or more REs 506 to carry UL control information (UCI) including one or more UL control channels, such as a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) , to the scheduling entity. UCI may include a variety of packet types and categories, including pilots, reference signals, and information configured to enable or assist in decoding uplink data transmissions. Examples of uplink reference signals may include a sounding reference signal (SRS) and an uplink DMRS. In some examples, the UCI may include a scheduling request (SR) , i.e., request for the scheduling entity to schedule uplink transmissions. Here, in response to the SR transmitted on the UCI, the scheduling entity may transmit downlink control information (DCI) that may schedule resources for uplink packet transmissions. UCI may also include HARQ feedback, channel state feedback (CSF) , such as a CSI report, or any other suitable UCI.
[0092] In addition to control information, one or more REs 506 (e.g., within the data region 514) may be allocated for data traffic. Such data traffic may be carried on one or more traffic channels, such as, for a DL transmission, a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) ; or for an UL transmission, a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) . In some examples, one or more REs 506 within the data region 514 may be configured to carry other signals, such as one or more SIBs and DMRSs.
[0093] In an example of sidelink communication over a sidelink carrier via a proximity service (ProSe) PC5 interface, the control region 512 of the slot 510 may include a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) including sidelink control information (SCI) transmitted by an initiating (transmitting) sidelink device (e.g., a transmitting (Tx) V2X device or other Tx UE) towards a set of one or more other receiving sidelink devices (e.g., a receiving (Rx) V2X device or some other Rx UE) . The data region 514 of the slot 510 may include a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) including sidelink data traffic transmitted by the initiating (transmitting) sidelink device within resources reserved over the sidelink carrier by the transmitting sidelink device via the SCI. Other information may further be transmitted over various REs 506 within slot 510. For example, HARQ feedback information may be transmitted in a physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH) within the slot 510 from the receiving sidelink device to the transmitting sidelink device. In addition, one or more reference signals, such as a sidelink SSB, a sidelink CSI-RS, a sidelink SRS, and / or a sidelink positioning reference signal (PRS) may be transmitted within the slot 510.
[0094] These physical channels described above are generally multiplexed and mapped to transport channels for handling at the medium access control (MAC) layer. Transport channels carry blocks of information called transport blocks (TB) . The transport block size (TBS) , which may correspond to a number of bits of information, may be a controlled parameter, based on the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) and the number of RBs in a given transmission.
[0095] The channels or carriers described above with reference to FIGs. 1 -5 are not necessarily all of the channels or carriers that may be utilized between a scheduling entity and scheduled entities, and those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that other channels or carriers may be utilized in addition to those illustrated, such as other traffic, control, and feedback channels.
[0096] 3GPP technology is expanding to uses cases beyond enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , e.g., ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) and machine type communication (MTC) . For example, 3GPP 5G and beyond may support ambient-IoT (A-IoT) devices. In some aspects, A-IoT devices may be considered a class of low-complexity devices which might only be powered using ambient energy harvesting. For example, an A-IoT device may operate on ambient signaling (e.g., from incident RF sources and / or other sources) or other ambient energy (e.g., solar energy, mechanical energy, and so on) . A-IoT devices may include, for example, tags, sensors, switches, asset tracking devices, access devices, metering devices, factory automation devices, and so on.
[0097] In some examples, an A-IoT device may be self-powered (e.g., to reduce the cost and / or maintenance of the device) . To this end, an A-IoT device may incorporate energy harvesting circuitry. Examples of energy harvesting include RF signal energy harvesting, solar power harvesting, movement-based energy harvesting, and so on. For example, an A-IoT device can use received RF signal energy to power transmission, reception, and processing circuitry.
[0098] FIG. 6 illustrates an example communication system 600 that includes a reader 602 and an A-IoT device 604. In this example, the A-IoT device 604 is a passive device (e.g., the A-IoT device 604 does not include its own power source) that uses a backscattering technique to send information to the reader 602. The reader 602 may be or may be included in a UE, a network entity (e.g., a gNB) , or some other type of wireless communication device. In some examples, the reader 602 may correspond to any of the readers, UEs, scheduled entities, network entities, base stations, CUs, DUs, RUs, or scheduling entities shown in any of FIGs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13. In some examples, the A-IoT device 604 may correspond to any of the A-IoT devices shown in any of FIGs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 15.
[0099] The reader 602 transmits an energy signal 606 (e.g., an RF carrier wave or some type of continuous wave RF signal) that can be received by the A-IoT device 604 when the A-IoT device 604 and the reader 602 are relatively close to one another. In some aspects, the operable distance may be implementation specific. The A-IoT device 604 uses the energy from the energy signal 606 to power internal circuitry (e.g., energy reflecting and modulation circuitry) and thereby modulate information on the energy signal 606. For example, the A-IoT device 604 may generate a backscatter signal 608 that is modulated with this information. The reader 602 includes circuitry to demodulate and decode the backscatter signal 608 to recover the information sent by the A-IoT device 604.
[0100] In the example of FIG. 6, the A-IoT device 604 includes an antenna 610, a switch circuit 612 for selectively switching the antenna 610 to different internal nodes, an energy harvest circuit 614, and a signal processing circuit 616 (e.g., one or more processors) . When the A-IoT device 604 is not actively transmitting, the switch circuit 612 may couple the antenna 610 to the energy harvest circuit 614. In this way, when the energy signal 606 is received, the energy harvest circuit 614 will charge its capacitor (s) , and thereby provide a supply voltage 618 to the signal processing circuit 616. Other A-IoT devices may include similar circuitry and / or other circuitry in other examples.
[0101] Upon activation (e.g., power-up) of the signal processing circuit 616, the signal processing circuit 616 may decode any modulated information (e.g., a query, paging, or a command) 620 carried by the energy signal 606. Upon decoding the modulated information 620, the signal processing circuit 616 may use information to be sent to the reader 602 (e.g., information from a sensor or some other circuit, not shown) to generate the backscatter signal 608 modulated with this information (e.g., by controlling the switch circuit 612 via a control signal 622 to backscatter modulate the energy signal 606 based on the information and thereby generate the backscatter signal 608) . In some examples, the modulation is based on on-off keying (OOK) . Other types of modulation may be used in other examples. Other A-IoT devices may operate in a similar or different manner in other examples.
[0102] In the example of FIG. 6, the reader 602 includes an antenna 624, an RF front end (RFFE) module 626, a transceiver 628, and a modem 630 that may be used for transmitting wireless communication signals to and receiving wireless communication signals from other wireless communication devices. Using these components and / or other components, the reader 602 may send information to and read information from the A-IoT device 604. For example, these components may generate an on-off keying (OOK) signal 632 that is transmitted via the antenna 624 as an over-the-air RF signal (the energy signal 606) . As discussed above, responsive to the over-the-air RF signal, the A-IoT device 604 outputs a modulated over-the-air signal (the backscatter signal 608) that carries information to be read by the reader 602. The antenna 624 receives the modulated over-the-air signal, whereby a corresponding modulated signal 634 (which may be referred to as the reflected signal) is received via the RFFE module 626 and processed by components of the reader 602 to extract the data sent by the A-IoT device 604. Other reader devices may operate in a similar or different manner in other examples and / or include similar circuitry and / or other circuitry in other examples.
[0103] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of receiver circuitry that may be employed in an A-IoT device 702 or some other similar type of device. As shown, the A-IoT device 702 includes an RF envelope detector based receiver (e.g., for detecting OOK signals) . To reduce the complexity of FIG. 7, other circuitry (e.g., energy harvest circuitry, backscatter circuitry, memory, processor circuitry, etc. ) of the A-IoT device 702 is not shown. In some examples, the A-IoT device 702 may correspond to any of the A-IoT devices shown in any of FIGs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 15.
[0104] The A-IoT device 702 includes an antenna 704 that couples received energy to an envelope detector 706. In some examples, the envelope detector 706 may include one or more rectifiers and one or more low pass filters. In the example of FIG. 7, the output 708 of the envelope detector 706 is fed to a first input of a comparator 710. The comparator 710 compares the signal at its first input to a threshold voltage 712 at a second input of the comparator 710 to generate an output signal 714. In some examples, the circuitry shown in FIG. 7 may be part of a signal processing circuit (e.g., similar to the signal processing circuit 616 of FIG. 6) . Other examples of IoT devices or similar devices may use different receiver circuitry.
[0105] 3GPP has proposed potential A-IoT architectures and signaling between A-IoT devices and associated readers. Proposed A-IoT architectures include a gNB-based reader (Topology 1) and a UE-based reader (Topology 2) . Examples of these topologies are shown in FIG. 8. In each architecture, a network entity may receive messages (e.g., read commands, write commands, and so on) from an A-IoT application function or some other entity (e.g., implemented at the core network) . Upon receiving information from an A-IoT device, the network entity may forward that information to the A-IoT application function or some other entity.
[0106] A first diagram 802 of FIG. 8 illustrates an example of Topology 1 where an A-IoT device 804 directly and bidirectionally communicates with a network entity (e.g., a base station / gNB based reader) 806. The A-IoT device 804 is powered by harvesting energy (e.g., from RF signals transmitted by the network entity 806 and / or other devices in the environment) . The communication between the A-IoT device 804 and the network entity 806 includes A-IoT data and / or signaling 808. For example, the network entity 806 may send signaling and / or commands to the A-IoT device 804 to obtain data (e.g., measurement data) from the A-IoT device 804. Once the A-IoT device 804 acquires a sufficient amount of energy, the A-IoT device 804 transmits the data to the network entity 806 (e.g., via backscatter signaling) .
[0107] A second diagram 810 of FIG. 8 illustrates an example of Topology 2 where an A-IoT device 812 communicates bidirectionally with an intermediate node 814 between the A-IoT device 812 and a network entity (e.g., a base station / gNB based reader) 816. The A-IoT device 812 is powered by harvesting energy (e.g., from RF signals transmitted by one or more of the intermediate node 814 or other devices in the environment) . In some examples, the intermediate node 814 is a UE which supports A-IoT signaling. In some examples, the intermediate node 814 includes reader functionality. In some examples, the intermediate node 814 provides a relay function between the A-IoT device 812 and the network entity 816. The communication between the A-IoT device 804 and the intermediate node 814 includes A-IoT data and / or signaling 818. For example, the intermediate node 814 may send signaling and / or commands to the A-IoT device 812 to obtain data (e.g., measurement data) from the A-IoT device 812. Once the A-IoT device 812 acquires a sufficient amount of energy, the A-IoT device 812 transmits the data to the intermediate node 814 (e.g., via backscatter signaling) . In addition, the intermediate node 814 may transfer A-IoT data and / or signaling 820 via a Uu link between the A-IoT device 812 and the network entity 816. For example, the network entity 816 may provide information about A-IoT devices to the intermediate node 814 and / or instruct the intermediate node 814 to send signaling (e.g., a query, an indication of resources, a command, and so on) to the A-IoT device 812. In addition, the intermediate node 814 may send information (e.g., data and so on) received from the A-IoT device 812 to the network entity 816.
[0108] Wireless communication resources (e.g., time domain resources and frequency domain resources) for A-IoT communication can be allocated in different ways in different examples. In some examples, a network entity (e.g., a gNB) may allocate a resource pool for such communication. For example, the network entity 816 may send an indication to the intermediate node 814 that indicates the resources to be used for all subsequent communication with the A-IoT device 812. In some examples, a network entity (e.g., a gNB) may allocate a one-time (one-shot) resource for such communication. For example, the network entity 816 may send an indication to the intermediate node 814 that indicates a resource to be used for one communication with the A-IoT device 812.
[0109] FIGs. 9 and 10 illustrate examples of access and paging related signaling for A-IoT devices. In particular, FIG. 9 describes signaling that may be employed in conjunction with identifying A-IoT devices and issuing commands to A-IoT devices. In addition, FIG. 10 describes signaling that may be employed for contention-based access by A-IoT devices.
[0110] Referring initially to FIG. 9, a signaling diagram 900 illustrates an example of signaling in a wireless communication system including at least an A-IoT device 902, a reader 904, and an application function 906 (e.g., implemented at a network entity or some other node) . In some examples, the A-IoT device 902 may correspond to any of the A-IoT devices shown in any of FIGs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, and 15. In some examples, the reader 904 may correspond to any of the readers, UEs, scheduled entities, network entities, base stations, CUs, DUs, RUs, or scheduling entities shown in any of FIGs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, and 13. In some examples, the application function 906 may correspond to any of the network entities, core networks, base stations, CUs, DUs, RUs, or scheduling entities shown in any of FIGs. 1, 2, 4, and 8.
[0111] FIG. 9 illustrates an inventory procedure 908 and a command procedure 910. The inventory procedure 908 involves determining the identity of all or a subset of A-IoT devices in the range of one or more readers. A reader that receives an inventory request from an A-IoT controller / application performs the inventory procedure to discover and trigger all or a subset of A-IoT devices to perform an A-IoT access.
[0112] At #912 of FIG. 9, the application function 906 sends an inventory request to the reader 904. The inventory request may include filter criteria. In some examples, a filter criteria may be used to limit an inventory request only those A-IoT devices that match a certain criteria. In some examples, the inventory request (e.g., an upper layer message) may be carried by an A-IoT paging message.
[0113] At #914, as a result of receiving the inventory request, the reader 904 sends (e.g., broadcasts) an inventory trigger message. In some examples, the inventory trigger message will cause any A-IoT devices that receive the message to perform an A-IoT access.
[0114] Thus, at #916, at least one A-IoT device 902 may perform an A-IoT access with the reader 904. In some scenarios, the reader 904 may learn the identity of (e.g., an identifier of) an A-IoT device as a result of the A-IoT access.
[0115] At #918, as a result of an A-IoT access by an A-IoT device 902, the reader 904 sends an inventory response to the application function 906. In some examples, the inventor response includes identifiers of all A-IoT devices that responded to the inventory trigger message.
[0116] The command procedure 910 involves an application function issuing a command, to one or more A-IoT devices, via one or more selected readers. Based on a command received from a reader, the target A-IoT device (s) may transmit a response (e.g., containing an acknowledgement and optionally A-IoT data) that may be forwarded to the application function.
[0117] At #920 of FIG. 9, the application function 906 sends a command to the reader 904. In some examples, the command may include a device identifier (ID) of each target A-IoT device, a command container, and filter criteria. A command container may specify, for example, a read command, a write command, a disable command, and so on. In some examples, a filter criteria may be used to limit a command to only those A-IoT devices that match a certain criteria. In some examples, the command (e.g., an upper layer message) may be carried by an A-IoT paging message.
[0118] At #922, as a result of receiving the command, the reader 904 sends a corresponding command message to each of the target A-IoT devices identified by the command.
[0119] At #924, at least one A-IoT device 902 may perform an A-IoT access with the reader 904 in response to the command message. In some scenarios, A-IoT access may include data reporting.
[0120] At #926, as a result of an A-IoT access by an A-IoT device 902, the reader 904 sends a command response to the application function 906. The command response may carry some or all of the information sent by the A-IoT device.
[0121] FIG. 10 is a signaling diagram 1000 illustrating examples of signaling in a wireless communication system including an A-IoT device 1002 and a reader 1004. In some examples, the A-IoT device 1002 may correspond to any of the A-IoT devices shown in any of FIGs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, and 15. In some examples, the reader 1004 may correspond to any of the readers, UEs, scheduled entities, network entities, base stations, CUs, DUs, RUs, or scheduling entities shown in any of FIGs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, and 13.
[0122] A first diagram 1006 of FIG. 10 illustrates a 3-step contention-based A-IoT access procedure. Two rounds of A-IoT access are shown in this example.
[0123] At #1008 of FIG. 10, the reader 1004 sends an initial trigger message to the A-IoT device 1002. In some examples, the initial trigger message may be Msg-0 that triggers a 3-step random access procedure. In some examples, the initial trigger message may be an A-IoT paging message.
[0124] At #1010, as a result of receiving the initial trigger message, the A-IoT device 1002 may perform an A-IoT access with the reader 1004. In some examples, the A-IoT access may involve sending an A-IoT Msg1 to the reader 1004. For example, the A-IoT device 1002 may send a random ID generated by the A-IoT device 1002 to the reader 1004. In some examples, the size of the random ID (e.g., 16-bits) in the A-IoT Msg1 may be selected to ensure relatively reliable contention resolution.
[0125] At #1012, as a result of the A-IoT access by the A-IoT device 1002, the reader 1004 may send an access response (e.g., A-IoT Msg2) to the A-IoT device 1002. In some examples, the reader 1004 echoes the ID received in the A-IoT Msg1 back to the A-IoT device 1002. In some examples, the A-IoT device 1002 may deem the contention resolution to be successful if the A-IoT Msg2 includes the same random ID that was sent in Msg1. In some examples, an A-IoT Msg2 may include additional information (e.g., based on agreements and / or design) .
[0126] At #1014, as a result of receiving the access response, the A-IoT device 1002 may send an A-IoT response (e.g., an A-IoT Msg3) to the reader 1004. In some examples, the A-IoT Msg3 includes a device ID and / or other upper layer data (e.g., depending on an upper layer request) . In some examples, the A-IoT Msg3 transmission resource can be explicitly indicated in an A-IoT Msg2.
[0127] At optional #1016, the reader 1004 may send a subsequent reader-to-device (R2D) message to the A-IoT device 1002. In various examples, this message may include one or more of an ACK, a failure indication, a subsequent trigger information, and so on associated with the first round of A-IoT access.
[0128] At #1018, as a result of receiving the subsequent R2D message, the A-IoT device 1002 may perform an A-IoT access with the reader 1004. In some aspects, this A-IoT access may be similar to the A-IoT access of #1010.
[0129] At #1020, as a result of the A-IoT access by the A-IoT device 1002, the reader 1004 may send an access response (e.g., A-IoT Msg2) to the A-IoT device 1002. In some aspects, this access response may be similar to the access response of #1012.
[0130] At #1022, as a result of receiving the access response, the A-IoT device 1002 may send an A-IoT response (e.g., A-IoT Msg3) to the reader 1004. In some aspects, this A-IoT response may be similar to the A-IoT response of #1014.
[0131] At #1024, the reader 1004 may send a subsequent reader-to-device (R2D) message to the A-IoT device 1002. In some aspects, this subsequent R2D message may be similar to the subsequent R2D message of #1016.
[0132] A second diagram 1026 of FIG. 10 illustrates a 2-step contention-based A-IoT access procedure. One round of A-IoT access is shown in this example.
[0133] At #1028 of FIG. 10, the reader 1004 sends an initial trigger message to the A-IoT device 1002. In some examples, the initial trigger message may be Msg-0 that triggers a 2-step random access procedure. In some examples, the initial trigger message may be an A-IoT paging message.
[0134] At #1030, as a result of receiving the initial trigger message, the A-IoT device 1002 may perform an A-IoT access with the reader 1004. In some examples, the A-IoT access may involve sending an A-IoT Msg1 to the reader 1004. For example, the A-IoT device 1002 may send a random ID generated by the A-IoT device 1002 to the reader 1004. In some examples, the A-IoT Msg1 includes a device ID and / or other upper layer data (e.g., depending on an upper layer request) .
[0135] At #1032, the reader 1004 may send a subsequent R2D message (e.g., an A-IoT Msg2) to the A-IoT device 1002. In some examples, this message echoes the ID received in the A-IoT Msg1 back to the A-IoT device 1002. In some examples, the A-IoT device 1002 may deem the contention resolution to be successful if the A-IoT Msg2 includes the same random ID that was sent in Msg1. In various examples, the subsequent R2D message may include one or more of an ACK, a failure indication, a subsequent trigger information, and so on.
[0136] If the A-IoT device 1002 does not receive the A-IoT Msg2, a re-access might not be autonomously performed. For example, re-access may always be controlled by the reader 1004.
[0137] 3GPP refers to three types of traffic associated with A-IoT devices: 1) device terminated (DT) traffic; 2) device originated-device terminated triggered (DO-DTT) traffic; and 3) device originated-autonomous (DO-A) traffic. For DT or DO-DTT traffic, an A-IoT random access may be initiated after a trigger from a reader via A-IoT paging. Conversely, since DO-A traffic originates from the A-IoT device, an A-IoT DO-A access may be initiated without reader triggering.
[0138] 3GPP studies to date have mainly focused on DT traffic and DO-DTT traffic. For DO-DTT and DT traffic types, the device-to-reader (D2R) resource (s) for a D2R transmission is / are indicated in a preceding reader-to-device (R2D) transmission. However, this is not applicable to the first D2R transmission for DO-A traffic (e.g., since a DO-A access may be initiated without reader triggering) . In addition, at least the current A-IoT paging design does not fully support the DO-A use case. Accordingly, in some aspects, the 3GPP studies have focused on which functions are needed for an A-IoT compact protocol stack and lightweight signaling procedure to enable DO-DTT and DT data transmission. These functions include, for example, random access, paging, data transmission, including necessary radio resource control aspects, and interactions with upper layers (e.g., as discussed above in conjunction with FIGs. 9 and 10) .
[0139] The disclosure relates in some aspects to supporting A-IoT DO-A traffic where an A-IoT DO-A access may be initiated without reader triggering. For example, an A-IoT device may send a device request (DR) to a reader to inform the reader that the A-IoT device will be sending DO-A traffic to the reader. A DR may also be referred to as a DO-A request.
[0140] An A-IoT device may send a DR in different ways in different implementations. Given the reduced functionality of an A-IoT device, A-IoT signaling may involve the use of a relatively small protocol stack and / or low signaling overhead. In some examples, an A-IoT device may send a DR via Layer 1 (L1) signaling. For example, the A-IoT device may send a DR via a physical device-to-reader channel (PD2RCH) . As another example, the A-IoT device may send the DR via Layer 2 (L2) signaling. For example, the A-IoT device may send a DR via a MAC protocol data unit (PDU) . In some examples, this signaling may include a bit field that is used to indicate whether the signaling is a DR.
[0141] The disclosure relates in some aspects to (pre) configuring DR resources that one or more A-IoT devices may use to send a DR. For example, a reader may send a message to an A-IoT device, where the message indicates at least one DR resource that the A-IoT device can use to send a DR. For example, the message may include at least one bit field for indicating at least one time domain resource and at least one bit field for indicating at least one frequency domain resource. Other techniques for indicating a resource may be used in other examples.
[0142] The configured DR resource may take different forms in different implementations. In some examples, a DR resource is a single use resource (e.g., a one-shot resource) that is to be used to transmit a single DR. In some examples, a DR resource consists of multiple resources spread out over a period of time (e.g., a periodic resource) . For example, a DR resource may consist to a set of DR resource occasions. In some examples, different A-IoT devices may be configured with different offsets of DR occasions (e.g., offset 1 for device 1, offset 2 for device 2, and so on) .
[0143] A DR resource may be allocated to one or more A-IoT devices. In some examples, a DR resource may be a dedicated resource (e.g., allocated to a single A-IoT device) . In some examples, a DR resource may be a shared resource (e.g., allocated to multiple A-IoT devices) .
[0144] A message carrying an indication of a DR resource may take different forms in different examples. For example, DR resource information may be carried by a paging message, a configuration message, an inventory message, a command message, or some other type of message and / or signaling. Several examples of such messages are described below in conjunction with FIG. 11.
[0145] FIG. 11 illustrates examples of signaling in a wireless communication system including at least an A-IoT device 1102 and a reader 1104. In some examples, the A-IoT device 1102 may correspond to any of the A-IoT devices shown in any of FIGs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, and 15. In some examples, the reader 1104 may correspond to any of the readers, UEs, scheduled entities, network entities, base stations, CUs, DUs, RUs, or scheduling entities shown in any of FIGs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, and 13.
[0146] A first diagram 1106 of FIG. 11 illustrates a scenario where a DR resource is configured by an A-IoT paging message. For example, in addition to the A-IoT access occasions (AO) that are typically configured by an A-IoT paging message, the A-IoT message may also include an indication of at least one DR resource configured for one or more DO-A capable devices. As discussed above, the indicated DR resource (s) may be periodic DR resources, a one-shot DR resource, a shared DR resource, a dedicated DR resource, etc.
[0147] At #1108 of FIG. 11, the reader 1104 sends an A-IoT paging message to at least one A-IoT device 1102. For example, the reader 1104 may send an A-IoT paging message to initiate a contention based access as described above in conjunction with FIG. 10. The A-IoT paging message may include an indication of one or more DR resources (e.g., an indication of a single DR resource, an indication of a set of DR occasions, etc. ) that the A-IoT device (s) can use for sending a DR in the future (e.g., after any random access (es) associated with the paging message, not shown in FIG. 11) .
[0148] At #1110, at some point in time after receiving the A-IoT paging message, an A-IoT device 1102 may send a DR to the reader 1104 via the resource (s) indicated by the A-IoT paging message. As one example, when the A-IoT device 1102 has data to send to the reader 1104, the A-IoT device 1102 may send a DR to the reader 1104 via one DR occasion of a set of configured DR occasions.
[0149] A second diagram 1112 of FIG. 11 illustrates a scenario where a DR resource is configured by an A-IoT configuration message. In some aspects, A-IoT configuration messages may be used to configure A-IoT device DO-A resources and / or DR resources.
[0150] In some examples, a reader repeatedly (e.g., periodically) sends A-IoT configuration messages to one or more A-IoT device, where at least one of the A-IoT configuration messages includes an indication of at least one DR resource. In some examples, the A-IoT configuration messages may (or may not) be associated with a synchronization signal (e.g., that is transmitted during a defined synchronization signal window) . In some examples, the A-IoT configuration messages may be sent during a duty-cycle based monitoring window (e.g., that allows the A-IoT device to transition to a low power state for longer periods of time) . In some examples, a reader may (pre) configure an A-IoT device with information indicating the resources (e.g., monitoring windows) the A-IoT device should monitor for A-IoT configuration messages. As discussed above, the allocated DR resources may be shared DR resources. In some examples, the DR resources are periodically configured.
[0151] At #1114 of FIG. 11, the reader 1104 sends (e.g., unicasts or broadcasts) an A-IoT configuration message to at least one A-IoT device 1102. For example, the reader 1104 may periodically broadcast A-IoT configuration messages to nearby A-IoT devices. The A-IoT configuration message may include an indication of one or more DR resources (e.g., an indication of a single DR resource, an indication of a set of DR occasions, etc. ) .
[0152] At #1116, at some point in time after receiving the A-IoT configuration message, an A-IoT device 1102 may send a DR to the reader 1104 via the resource (s) indicated by the A-IoT paging message. As one example, when the A-IoT device 1102 has data to send to the reader 1104, the A-IoT device 1102 may send a DR to the reader 1104 via one DR occasion of a set of configured DR occasions.
[0153] A third diagram 1118 of FIG. 11 illustrates a scenario where a DR resource is configured in conjunction with a DO-DTT or DT inventory procedure or command procedure. For example, a DR resource may be configured after the successful completion of a DO-DTT / DT inventory procedure (e.g., at #918 of FIG. 9) or the successful completion of a DO-DTT / DT command procedure (e.g., at #926 of FIG. 9) . In some examples, the reader 1104 sends an A-IoT configuration message that includes an indication of a DR resource. In some examples, the reader sends a message associated with (e.g., indicating) a successful completion of an inventory procedure, where the message also includes an indication of a DR resource. In some examples, the reader sends a message associated with (e.g., indicating) a successful completion of a command procedure, where the message also includes an indication of a DR resource. As discussed herein, periodic DR resources or one-shot DR resource may be configured for any DO-A capable device within the range of the reader.
[0154] At #1120 of FIG. 11, the reader 1104 sends an A-IoT inventory, command, or configuration message associated with a successful completion to at least one A-IoT device 1102. For example, the reader 1104 may send the A-IoT configuration / successful completion message after an inventory procedure or a command procedure successfully completes. The A-IoT configuration / successful completion message may include an indication of one or more DR resources (e.g., an indication of a single DR resource, an indication of a set of DR occasions, etc. ) .
[0155] At #1122, at some point in time after receiving the A-IoT message at #1120, an A-IoT device 1102 may send a DR to the reader 1104 via the resource (s) indicated by the A-IoT message. As one example, when the A-IoT device 1102 has data to send to the reader 1104, the A-IoT device 1102 may send a DR to the reader 1104 via one DR occasion of a set of configured DR occasions.
[0156] In some examples, a reader may determine based on prior communication (e.g., paging, random access, inventory, command, and so on) with an A-IoT device that the A-IoT device is a DO-A capable device. For example, the A-IoT device may send an indication of a DO-A capability to the reader during this communication. Thus, the reader may determine which nearby A-IoT devices are DO-A capable and take this into account when scheduling DR resources and / or DO-A resources.
[0157] A DR signal may take different forms in different scenarios. For example, a DR signal may or may not include a device identifier (ID) . Examples of these scenarios are described below in conjunction with FIG. 12.
[0158] FIG. 12 illustrates examples of signaling in a wireless communication system including at least an A-IoT device 1202 and a reader 1204. In some examples, the A-IoT device 1202 may correspond to any of the A-IoT devices shown in any of FIGs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 15. In some examples, the reader 1204 may correspond to any of the readers, UEs, scheduled entities, network entities, base stations, CUs, DUs, RUs, or scheduling entities shown in any of FIGs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 13.
[0159] A first diagram 1206 of FIG. 12 illustrates a scenario where a DR signal does not include a device ID (or any other device related ID) . In this case, the DR signal (and / or the resource on which the DR signal is carried) implicitly represents that there is DO-Atraffic. However, the reader does not know which A-IoT device has DO-A traffic. Since the reader is not able to identify the A-IoT device upon receiving the DR signal, the reader uses A-IoT paging to trigger nearby A-IoT devices to perform an A-IoT random access. In some examples, when the reader receives the DR signal, the reader sends an A-IoT paging message to trigger DO-A interested devices only, instead of triggering all devices in the range (e.g., as in legacy readers) . The A-IoT paging message may additionally configure more DR resources or DO-A resources when paging the A-IoT devices.
[0160] At #1208 of FIG. 12, the reader 1204 sends an A-IoT configuration message (or some other suitable message) to at least one A-IoT device 1202. As discussed herein, this A-IoT message may include an indication of one or more DR resources.
[0161] At #1210, at some point in time after receiving the A-IoT configuration message (or other suitable message) , an A-IoT device 1202 may send a DR signal to the reader 1204 via the resource (s) indicated by the A-IoT paging message. As discussed above, this DR signal does not include a device ID.
[0162] At #1212, upon receiving the DR signal without a device ID, the reader 1204 sends (e.g., broadcasts) an A-IoT paging message to nearby A-IoT devices 1202. In some examples, the A-IoT paging message may include an indication (e.g., one or more bit fields) that only DO-A capable devices or only devices that have DO-A data ready to send are being triggered to perform a random access.
[0163] In some examples, the A-IoT paging message may indicate a resource allocation for the random access. For example, the message may include at least one bit field for indicating at least one time domain resource and at least one bit field for indicating at least one frequency domain resource that the DO-A capable devices may use for random access messaging. Other techniques for indicating a random access resource allocation may be used in other examples.
[0164] At #1214, after receiving the A-IoT paging message, an A-IoT device 1202 may perform a random access (e.g., as described above in conjunction with FIG. 10) to send data to the reader 1204. This data may include, for example, one or more of sensed information, measured information, position data, and so on.
[0165] A second diagram 1216 of FIG. 12 illustrates a scenario where a DR signal includes or otherwise indicates a device ID. For example, the reader may identify the A-IoT device based on the device ID included in the DR signal or based on the resource on which the DR signal is carried. Since the reader is able to identify the A-IoT device upon receiving the DR signal, the reader can trigger a contention-free A-IoT access (e.g., provide a dedicated resource) for A-IoT data communication. The A-IoT paging message may additionally configure more DR resources. In addition, the DR signal may include buffer status information (e.g., via a layer 2 message) to assist the reader in granting DO-A resources and / or DR resources.
[0166] The device ID could be an access stratum (AS) ID (e.g., a local ID used by an A-IoT device and a reader) , a product ID (e.g., an ID known by an A-IoT application function and stored in an A-IoT device) , a random ID (e.g., generated by an A-IoT device and included in Msg1) , a previously assigned ID from Reader, or some other ID. As another example, the device ID may be indicated implicitly based on the DR resource used to transmit the DR signal (e.g., if the DR resource is a dedicated resource) .
[0167] At #1218 of FIG. 12, the reader 1204 sends an A-IoT configuration message (or some other suitable message) to at least one A-IoT device 1202. As discussed herein, this A-IoT message may include an indication of one or more DR resources.
[0168] At #1220, at some point in time after receiving the A-IoT configuration message (or other suitable message) , an A-IoT device 1202 may send a DR signal to the reader 1204 via the resource (s) indicated by the A-IoT paging message. As discussed above, this DR signal includes or otherwise indicates a device ID.
[0169] At #1222, upon receiving the DR signal indicating a device ID, the reader 1204 sends some form of R2D message (e.g., an A-IoT paging message) to the A-IoT device 1202 having the indicated device ID. In some examples, the reader 1204 is responsible for verifying the identity of the A-IoT device 1202 indicated by a DR signal (e.g., to ensure that the A-IoT device 1202 is authorized to communicate with the reader 1204) . For example, the reader 1204 may verify the local identity (e.g., a random ID or AS ID) of the A-IoT device 1202, and forward the identity of the A-IoT device 1202 to the core network (CN) or an A-IoT application function for further verification.
[0170] In some examples, the R2D message may indicate a resource allocation for a subsequent transmission by the A-IoT device. For example, the message may include at least one bit field for indicating at least one time domain resource and at least one bit field for indicating at least one frequency domain resource that the A-IoT device may use for sending the data that triggered the device request. Other techniques for indicating a resource allocation may be used in other examples.
[0171] At #1224, after receiving the A-IoT R2D message, the A-IoT device 1202 may send data to the reader 1204 (e.g., via allocated DO-A resources) . This data may include, for example, one or more of sensed information, measured information, position data, and so on.
[0172] In some examples, a reader may page an A-IoT device with the identity of the A-IoT device after receiving the DR signal from the A-IoT device. In the event the reader received DR signals from multiple devices (e.g., relatively close in time) , the reader may page the A-IoT devices separately (e.g., with each paging message including a corresponding A-IoT device ID) or as a group (e.g., with the paging message including all of the A-IoT device IDs) .
[0173] In some examples, paging the A-IoT device separately may involve the reader responding to the A-IoT devices in sequence. As noted above, the reader can identify each A-IoT device based on the device ID indicated by that A-IoT device’s DR signal for DO-A.
[0174] Alternatively, the reader may page a group of A-IoT devices that have sent DR signals for DO-A. In some examples, the paging message may include a separate indication specifying that the page is for DO-A only. In this case, each A-IoT device should maintain a record that it has sent a DR signal.
[0175] In some examples, a reader will periodically monitor for DR signals. Here, it is generally undesirable for a reader to continuously monitor to DR signals (especially if the reader is a battery powered device, e.g., a UE) . Thus, monitoring windows may defined whereby a reader may wake up (e.g., periodically) from a low power state to detect DR signals.
[0176] In some examples, the monitoring window is associated with the DR periodicity. For example, the reader may monitor for DR signals at every configured DR occasion.
[0177] As another example, a different monitoring window (e.g., that occurs at a periodicity that is longer than the DR periodicity) may be used. In this case, the reader may monitor (e.g., after waking up) for DR signals less frequently than the DR window example, which may conserve battery power at the reader, if applicable.
[0178] In some examples, a reader may be provided by an A-IoT controller (e.g., an A-IoT application function) with assistant information regarding DO-A traffic. This assistance information may include, for example, an expected data transmission time, the data size of a transmission, the number of devices that will generate traffic, and so on. The reader may use this information to, for example, better schedule resources for A-IoT communication.
[0179] In some examples, an A-IoT device may support DR retransmissions. For example, an A-IoT device may retransmit a DR if the A-IoT device does not receive any feedback for DR from the reader after a DR transmission. In some examples, an A-IoT device may retransmit a DR in a subsequent (e.g., the next) DR occasion following the DR occasion in which the latest DR was transmitted. In some examples, an A-IoT device may implement a timer to prevent the A-IoT device from sending excessive DR retransmissions. In some examples, an A-IoT device may employ power boosting for DR retransmissions (e.g., each retransmission is sent using a higher transmit power level than was used in the previous retransmission) .
[0180] In some examples, a DO-A timer may be started at an A-IoT device after the A-IoT device transmits a DR. After transmitting the DR, the A-IoT device waits for an R2D message (e.g., A-IoT paging or resource allocation for data) . If the A-IoT device does not receive the R2D message or A-IoT paging (for that A-IoT device) within the DO-A timer expiry period, the A-IoT device may retransmit the DR (e.g., in the next DR resource occasion) .
[0181] FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus 1300 employing a processing system 1314. The apparatus 1300 includes reader functionality (e.g., as described above in conjunction with FIGs. 1 -12) .
[0182] In some implementations, the apparatus 1300 may be a device configured to wirelessly communicate with a network entity, as discussed in any one or more of FIGs. 1 -12. For example, the apparatus 1300 may correspond to any of the readers, UEs, or scheduled entities shown in any of FIGs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12.
[0183] In some implementations, the apparatus 1300 may be a network entity. For example, the apparatus 1300 may correspond to any of the readers, base stations, CUs, DUs, RUs, or scheduling entities shown in any of FIGs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12.
[0184] In accordance with various aspects of the disclosure, an element, or any portion of an element, or any combination of elements may be implemented with the processing system 1314. The processing system 1314 may include one or more processors 1304. Examples of processors 1304 include microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors (DSPs) , field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , programmable logic devices (PLDs) , state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functionality described throughout this disclosure. In various examples, the apparatus 1300 may be configured to perform any one or more of the functions described herein. That is, the processor 1304, as utilized in an apparatus 1300, may be used to implement any one or more of the processes and procedures described herein.
[0185] The processor 1304 may in some instances be implemented via a baseband or modem chip and in other implementations, the processor 1304 may include a number of devices distinct and different from a baseband or modem chip (e.g., in such scenarios as may work in concert to achieve the examples discussed herein) . And as mentioned above, various hardware arrangements and components outside of a baseband modem processor can be used in implementations, including RF-chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, interleavers, adders / summers, etc.
[0186] The processor 1304 may in some instances be configured to generate, schedule, and modify a resource assignment or grant of time-frequency resources (e.g., a set of one or more resource elements) . For example, the processor 1304 may schedule time–frequency resources within a plurality of time division duplex (TDD) and / or frequency division duplex (FDD) subframes, slots, and / or mini-slots to carry user data traffic and / or control information to and / or from multiple scheduled entities. The processor 1304 may be configured to schedule resources for the transmission of downlink signals. The processor 1304 may further be configured to schedule resources for the transmission of uplink signals.
[0187] The processing system 1314 may be implemented with a bus architecture, represented generally by the bus 1302. The bus 1302 may include any number of interconnecting buses and bridges depending on the specific application of the processing system 1314 and the overall design constraints. The bus 1302 communicatively couples together various circuits including one or more processors (represented generally by the processor 1304) , a memory 1305, and computer-readable media (represented generally by the computer-readable medium 1306) . The bus 1302 may also link various other circuits such as timing sources, peripherals, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art, and therefore, will not be described any further. A bus interface 1308 provides an interface between the bus 1302, a transceiver 1310 and an antenna array 1320 and between the bus 1302 and an interface 1330. The transceiver 1310 provides a communication interface or means for communicating with various other apparatus over a wireless transmission medium. The interface 1330 provides a communication interface or means of communicating with various other apparatuses and devices (e.g., other devices housed within the same apparatus as the apparatus 1300 or other external apparatuses) over an internal bus or external transmission medium, such as an Ethernet cable. Depending upon the nature of the apparatus, the interface 1330 may include a user interface (e.g., keypad, display, speaker, microphone, joystick) . Of course, such a user interface is optional, and may be omitted in some examples, such as an IoT device.
[0188] The processor 1304 is responsible for managing the bus 1302 and general processing, including the execution of software stored on the computer-readable medium 1306. The software, when executed by the processor 1304, causes the processing system 1314 to perform the various functions described below for any particular apparatus. The computer-readable medium 1306 and the memory 1305 may also be used for storing data that is manipulated by the processor 1304 when executing software. For example, the memory 1305 may store A-IoT information 1315 used by the processor 1304 for communication operations as described herein. The A-IoT information 1315 may include, for example, resource information, sensor information, device identifiers, and so on.
[0189] One or more processors 1304 in the processing system may execute software. Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. The software may reside on a computer-readable medium 1306.
[0190] The computer-readable medium 1306 may be a non-transitory computer-readable medium. A non-transitory computer-readable medium includes, by way of example, a magnetic storage device (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic strip) , an optical disk (e.g., a compact disc (CD) or a digital versatile disc (DVD) ) , a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, a stick, or a key drive) , a random access memory (RAM) , a read only memory (ROM) , a programmable ROM (PROM) , an erasable PROM (EPROM) , an electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM) , a register, a removable disk, and any other suitable medium for storing software and / or instructions that may be accessed and read by a computer. The computer-readable medium 1306 may reside in the processing system 1314, external to the processing system 1314, or distributed across multiple entities including the processing system 1314. The computer-readable medium 1306 may be embodied in a computer program product. By way of example, a computer program product may include a computer-readable medium in packaging materials. Those skilled in the art will recognize how best to implement the described functionality presented throughout this disclosure depending on the particular application and the overall design constraints imposed on the overall system.
[0191] The apparatus 1300 may be configured to perform any one or more of the operations described herein (e.g., as described above in conjunction with FIGs. 1 -12 and as described below in conjunction with FIG. 14) . In some aspects of the disclosure, the processor 1304, as utilized in the apparatus 1300, may include circuitry configured for various functions.
[0192] The processor 1304 may include communication and processing circuitry 1341. The communication and processing circuitry 1341 may include one or more hardware components that provide the physical structure that performs various processes related to wireless communication (e.g., signal reception and / or signal transmission) as described herein. The communication and processing circuitry 1341 may further include one or more hardware components that provide the physical structure that performs various processes related to signal processing (e.g., processing a received signal and / or processing a signal for transmission) as described herein. In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1341 may include two or more transmit / receive chains. The communication and processing circuitry 1341 may further be configured to execute communication and processing software 1351 included on the computer-readable medium 1306 to implement one or more functions described herein.
[0193] In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1341 may be configured to communicate with a network entity, such as a gNB. For example, the communication and processing circuitry 1341 may be configured to communicate with a base station and one or more other wireless communication devices over a common carrier shared between a cellular (e.g., Uu) interface and a sidelink (e.g., PC5) interface. The communication and processing circuitry 1341 may further be configured to send an indication to a network entity or a user equipment. For example, the indication may be included in a MAC-CE carried in a Uu PUSCH or a PSCCH, or included in a Uu RRC message or an SL RRC message, or included in a dedicated Uu PUCCH or PUSCH. The communication and processing circuitry 1341 may further be configured to send a scheduling request to a network entity for an uplink grant or a sidelink grant.
[0194] In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1341 may be configured to communicate with a user equipment. For example, the communication and processing circuitry 1341 may be configured to communicate with a user equipment via a cellular (e.g., Uu) interface or a sidelink interface. The communication and processing circuitry 1341 may further be configured to receive an indication from a UE. For example, the indication may be included in a MAC-CE carried in a Uu PUSCH or a PSCCH, or included in a Uu RRC message or an SL RRC message, or included in a dedicated Uu PUCCH or PUSCH. The communication and processing circuitry 1341 may further be configured to receive a scheduling request from a UE for an uplink grant or a sidelink grant.
[0195] In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1341 may be configured to communicate with an A-IoT device. In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1341 may further be configured to conduct a DT or DO-DTT inventory procedure or command procedure (e.g., the communication and processing circuitry 1341 may include functionality for a means for conducting a DT or DO-DTT inventory or command procedure) . In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1541 may further be configured to conduct a random access procedure. In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1541 may further be configured to conduct a contention-free access procedure.
[0196] In some examples, the apparatus 1300 includes a backscatter demodulation circuit (e.g., such as one or more of DR processing circuitry 1343, the communication and processing circuitry 1341, the transceiver 1310 and / or other suitable demodulation circuitry) . For example, such a backscatter demodulation circuit may OOK demodulate the first indication and other signaling received from an A-IoT device (or some other similar device) on a carrier wave, on a continuous wave, or some other type of RS signal.
[0197] In some examples, the apparatus 1300 includes an OOK modulation circuit (e.g., such as one or more of A-IoT resource allocation processing circuitry 1342, the communication and processing circuitry 1341, the transceiver 1310 and / or other suitable demodulation circuitry) . For example, such an OOK modulation circuit may OOK modulate signaling (e.g., an indication of a device request resource and so on) to be sent to an A-IoT device (or some other similar device) on a carrier wave, on a continuous wave, or some other type of RS signal.
[0198] In some implementations where the communication involves receiving information, the communication and processing circuitry 1341 may obtain information from a component of the apparatus 1300 (e.g., from the transceiver 1310 that receives the information via radio frequency signaling or some other type of signaling suitable for the applicable communication medium) , process (e.g., decode) the information, and output the processed information. For example, the communication and processing circuitry 1341 may output the information to another component of the processor 1304, to the memory 1305, or to the bus interface 1308. In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1341 may receive one or more of signals, messages, other information, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1341 may receive information via one or more channels. In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1341 may receive one or more of signals, messages, SCIs, feedback, other information, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1341 may receive information via one or more of a PSCCH, a PSSCH, a PSFCH, some other type of channel, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1341 may include functionality for a means for obtaining (e.g., obtaining a device request signal, obtaining an A-IoT random access message, obtaining a contention-free A-IoT access message, etc. ) . In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1341 may include functionality for a means for receiving (e.g., receiving a device request signal and / or other information) . In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1341 may include functionality for a means for decoding.
[0199] In some implementations where the communication involves sending (e.g., transmitting) information, the communication and processing circuitry 1341 may obtain information (e.g., from another component of the processor 1304, the memory 1305, or the bus interface 1308) , process (e.g., encode) the information, and output the processed information. For example, the communication and processing circuitry 1341 may output the information to the transceiver 1310 (e.g., that transmits the information via radio frequency signaling or some other type of signaling suitable for the applicable communication medium) . In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1341 may send one or more of signals, messages, other information, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1341 may send information via one or more channels. In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1341 may send one or more of signals, messages, SCIs, feedback, other information, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1341 may send information via one or more of a PSCCH, a PSSCH, a PSFCH, some other type of channel, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1341 may include functionality for a means for outputting (e.g., outputting an indication of at least one resource, outputting a message, outputting a paging message, outputting a resource allocation message, outputting an A-IoT inventory message, outputting an A-IoT command message, outputting an A-IoT configuration message, etc. ) . In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1341 may include functionality for a means for transmitting (e.g., transmitting an indication of at least one resource, a message, and / or other information) . In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1341 may include functionality for a means for encoding.
[0200] The processor 1304 may include A-IoT resource allocation processing circuitry 1342 configured to perform A-IoT resource allocation processing-related operations as discussed herein (e.g., one or more of the operations described above in conjunction with FIGs. 1 -12) . The A-IoT resource allocation processing circuitry 1342 may be configured to execute A-IoT resource allocation processing software 1352 included on the computer-readable medium 1306 to implement one or more functions described herein.
[0201] The A-IoT resource allocation processing circuitry 1342 may include functionality for a means outputting (e.g., as described above in conjunction with FIGs. 1 -12) . For example, the A-IoT resource allocation processing circuitry 1342 may cooperate with the communication and processing circuitry 1341 to output an indication of at least one resource (e.g., for transmission to an A-IoT device) . For example, the A-IoT resource allocation processing circuitry 1342 may cooperate with the communication and processing circuitry 1341 to output a message comprising a resource allocation (e.g., for transmission to an A-IoT device) .
[0202] The A-IoT resource allocation processing circuitry 1342 may include functionality for a means for obtaining (e.g., as described above in conjunction with FIGs. 1 -12) . For example, the A-IoT resource allocation processing circuitry 1342 may obtain assistance information associated with A-IoT traffic (e.g., from a CN application function) .
[0203] The processor 1304 may include DR processing circuitry 1343 configured to perform DR processing-related operations as discussed herein (e.g., one or more of the operations described above in conjunction with FIGs. 1 -12) . The DR processing circuitry 1343 may be configured to execute DR processing software 1353 included on the computer-readable medium 1306 to implement one or more functions described herein.
[0204] The DR processing circuitry 1343 may include functionality for a means for transmitting (e.g., as described above in conjunction with FIGs. 1 -12) . For example, the DR processing circuitry 1343 may cooperate with the communication and processing circuitry 1341 to transmit an information signal to an A-IoT device. In some examples, the DR processing circuitry 1343 may cooperate with the communication and processing circuitry 1341 to transmit a preamble according to (e.g., using) a first symbol duration. In some examples, the DR processing circuitry 1343 may cooperate with the communication and processing circuitry 1341 to transmit data according to (e.g., using) a second symbol duration. In some examples, the DR processing circuitry 1343 may cooperate with the communication and processing circuitry 1341 to transmit a clock calibration signal. The clock calibration signal may be transmitted according to (e.g., using) the first symbol duration, the second symbol duration, or some other symbol duration.
[0205] The DR processing circuitry 1343 may include functionality for a means for obtaining (e.g., as described above in conjunction with FIGs. 1 -12) . For example, the DR processing circuitry 1343 may cooperate with the communication and processing circuitry 1341 to obtain a DR signal from an A-IoT device. As another example, the DR processing circuitry 1343 may cooperate with the communication and processing circuitry 1341 to obtain information from an A-IoT device.
[0206] The DR processing circuitry 1343 may include functionality for a means for outputting (e.g., as described above in conjunction with FIGs. 1 -12) . For example, the DR processing circuitry 1343 may cooperate with the communication and processing circuitry 1341 to output information to an A-IoT device. As another example, the DR processing circuitry 1343 may cooperate with the communication and processing circuitry 1341 to output an identity of an apparatus (e.g., A-IoT device) for transmission to a network entity.
[0207] The DR processing circuitry 1343 may include functionality for a means for monitoring (e.g., as described above in conjunction with FIGs. 1 -12) . For example, the DR processing circuitry 1343 may cooperate with the communication and processing circuitry 1341 to monitor a DR resource for DR signals.
[0208] The DR processing circuitry 1343 may include functionality for a means for verifying (e.g., as described above in conjunction with FIGs. 1 -12) . For example, the DR processing circuitry 1343 may verify an identify of an apparatus (e.g., an A-IoT device) .
[0209] The DR processing circuitry 1343 may include functionality for a means for demodulating (e.g., as described above in conjunction with FIGs. 1 -12) . For example, the DR processing circuitry 1343 may demodulate a DR signal.
[0210] The DR processing circuitry 1343 may include functionality for a means for generating data (e.g., as described above in conjunction with FIGs. 1 -12) . For example, the DR processing circuitry 1343 may generate a query to be sent to an A-IoT device.
[0211] In some examples, the apparatus 1300 shown and described above in connection with FIG. 13 may be a disaggregated base station. For example, the apparatus 1300 shown in FIG. 13 may include the CU and optionally one or more DUs / RUs of the disaggregated base station. Other DUs / RUs associated with the apparatus 1300 may be distributed throughout the network. In some examples, the DUs / RUs may correspond to TRPs associated with the network entity. In some examples, the CU and / or DU / RU of the disaggregated base station (e.g., within the apparatus 1300) may generate information signals and transmit the signals to an A-IoT device, as well as receive and process messages from the A-IoT device.
[0212] FIG. 14 is a flow chart illustrating an example method 1400 for wireless communication in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure. As described below, some or all illustrated features may be omitted in a particular implementation within the scope of the present disclosure, and some illustrated features may not be required for implementation of all examples. In some examples, the method 1400 (method for wireless communication) may be carried out by the apparatus 1300 illustrated in FIG. 13, the apparatus 302 illustrated in FIG. 3, or a wireless node (e.g., a network entity or a UE) . In some examples, the method 1400 may be carried out by any suitable apparatus or means for carrying out the functions or algorithm described below.
[0213] At block 1402, an apparatus may output a first indication of at least one device request resource. In some examples, the A-IoT resource allocation processing circuitry 1342 together with the communication and processing circuitry 1341 and the transceiver 1310, shown and described in FIG. 13, may provide a means to output a first indication of at least one device request resource. In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1341 and the transceiver 1310, shown and described in FIG. 13, may provide a means to output a first indication of at least one device request resource.
[0214] At block 1404, the apparatus may obtain a device request signal via (e.g., on) the at least one device request resource. In some examples, the DR processing circuitry 1343 together with the communication and processing circuitry 1341 and the transceiver 1310, shown and described in FIG. 13, may provide a means to obtain a device request signal via the at least one device request resource. In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1341 and the transceiver 1310, shown and described in FIG. 13, may provide a means to obtain a device request signal via the at least one device request resource.
[0215] At block 1406, the apparatus may output a first message comprising a resource allocation after the device request signal is obtained. In some examples, the A-IoT resource allocation processing circuitry 1342 together with the communication and processing circuitry 1341 and the transceiver 1310, shown and described in FIG. 13, may provide a means to output a first message comprising a resource allocation after the device request signal is obtained. In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1341 and the transceiver 1310, shown and described in FIG. 13, may provide a means to output a first message comprising a resource allocation after the device request signal is obtained. In some examples, the first message may include (e.g., may be) at least one of: an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) paging message, a reader-to-device (R2D) message, or a resource allocation message.
[0216] In some examples, the first apparatus is further configured to obtain a backscatter modulated device request signal. In some examples, obtaining the device request signal may include backscatter demodulating the device request signal.
[0217] In some examples, the first apparatus is further configured to output OOK modulated signals. For example, the first apparatus may OOK modulate the first indication and other signaling destined for an A-IoT device (or some other similar device) on a carrier wave, on a continuous wave, or some other type of RS signal.
[0218] In some examples, the first apparatus may demodulate the device request signal. In some examples, the device request signal is obtained based on backscatter demodulation.
[0219] In some examples, the first apparatus may verify an identity of a second apparatus based on the device request signal. In some examples, the first apparatus may output an indication of the identity of the second apparatus for transmission to a network entity.
[0220] In some examples, the first apparatus may output a first ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) paging message that includes the identity of the second apparatus after the device request signal is obtained.
[0221] In some examples, the first apparatus may output a plurality of A-IoT paging messages, including the first A-IoT paging message, in sequence to a plurality of A-IoT devices, including the second apparatus. For example, to output the first A-IoT paging message, the first apparatus the first apparatus may output a plurality of A-IoT paging messages, including the first A-IoT paging message, in sequence to a plurality of A-IoT devices, including the second apparatus.
[0222] In some examples, the first A-IoT paging message is output for transmission to a plurality of A-IoT devices, including the second apparatus. In some examples, the first A-IoT paging message may include a second indication that triggers random access associated with A-IoT device originated autonomous (DO-A) traffic.
[0223] In some examples, the first apparatus may monitor the at least one device request resource for device request signals based on a monitoring window. In some examples, the monitoring window is based on a defined periodicity. In some examples, the monitoring window is based on a periodicity associated with the device request signal.
[0224] In some examples, the first apparatus may obtain assistance information associated with A-IoT device originated autonomous (DO-A) traffic. In some examples, the assistance information may include at least one of transmission time associated with the A-IoT DO-A traffic, a data size associated with the A-IoT DO-A traffic, or a quantity of A-IoT device expected to generate the A-IoT DO-A traffic. In some examples, the first apparatus may allocate device request resources based on the assistance information. In some examples, the first apparatus may allocate DO-A resources based on the assistance information. In some examples, the first apparatus may page at least one A-IoT device based on the assistance information. In some examples, the first apparatus may query at least one A-IoT device based on the assistance information. In some examples, the first apparatus may output a command or other message to at least one A-IoT device based on the assistance information.
[0225] In some examples, the device request signal may be obtained via a physical device-to-reader channel (PD2RCH) signal. In some examples, the device request signal may be obtained via a medium access control (MAC) message.
[0226] In some examples, the at least one device request resource may include (e.g., may be) a dedicated resource associated with a second apparatus. In some examples, the at least one device request resource may include (e.g., may be) a shared resource associated with a plurality of apparatuses. In some examples, the at least one device request resource may include (e.g., may be) periodic resources. In some examples, the at least one device request resource may include (e.g., may be) a single resource. In some examples, the first indication is further output via an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) paging message. For example, to output the first indication, the first apparatus may output an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) paging message that includes the first indication. In some examples, the A-IoT paging message may further include a second indication of at least one A-IOT access occasion.
[0227] In some examples, the first apparatus is further output via an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) configuration message. For example, to output the first indication, the first apparatus may output an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) configuration message that includes the first indication. In some examples, the A-IoT configuration message may further include a second indication of at least one A-IoT device originated autonomous (DO-A) traffic resource. In some examples, the A-IoT configuration message may further include (e.g., may be) a periodic message. In some examples, the first apparatus may output a synchronization signal. In some examples, the A-IoT configuration message is associated with the synchronization signal.
[0228] In some examples, the first apparatus may conduct a device terminated (DT) or device originated device terminated triggered (DO-DTT) inventory or command procedure. In some examples, the first indication is further output, after a successful completion of the DT or DO-DTT inventory or command procedure, via an A-IoT inventory message, an A-IoT command message, or an ambient A-IoT configuration message. For example, to output the first indication, the first apparatus may output, after a successful completion of the DT or DO-DTT inventory or command procedure, an A-IoT inventory message that includes the first indication, an A-IoT command message that includes the first indication, or an ambient A-IoT configuration message that includes the first indication.
[0229] In some examples, the device request signal does not include an identifier of a second apparatus. In some examples, the first message may be an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) paging message. In some examples, the first apparatus may obtain an A-IoT random access message after the A-IoT paging message is output. In some examples, the A-IoT paging message may include a second indication that triggers a random access associated with A-IoT device originated autonomous (DO-A) traffic. In some examples, the A-IoT paging message may include a second indication of at least one resource associated with A-IoT device originated autonomous (DO-A) traffic. In some examples, the A-IoT paging message may include a second indication of at least one other device request resource.
[0230] In some examples, the device request signal may include an identifier of the first apparatus. In some examples, the identifier of the first apparatus may include at least one of a static device identifier, an identifier generated by a reader device, an access stratum (AS) identifier, a product identifier, or an identifier associated with the at least one device request resource. In some examples, the first message may be an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) paging message or a resource allocation message. In some examples, the first apparatus may obtain a contention-free A-IoT access message after the A-IoT paging message or the resource allocation message is output. In some examples, the A-IoT paging message or the resource allocation message may include the identifier of a second apparatus. In some examples, the A-IoT paging message or the resource allocation message may include a second indication that triggers a contention-free access. In some examples, the A-IoT paging message or the resource allocation message may include a second indication of at least one resource associated with A-IoT device originated autonomous (DO-A) traffic. In some examples, the A-IoT paging message or the resource allocation message may include a second indication of at least one other device request resource.
[0231] In some examples, the device request signal may include a second indication of status information associated with a buffer of the second apparatus. In some examples, the device request signal may further include status information associated with a buffer of a second apparatus, wherein the status information indicates an amount of data to be obtained after the first message is output.
[0232] In some examples, the first apparatus includes at least one transceiver configured to transmit the indication and the first message and receive the device request signal via the at least one device request resource, wherein the first apparatus is configured as a network entity or a user equipment.
[0233] Referring again to FIG. 13, in one configuration, the apparatus 1300 includes means for outputting a first indication of at least one device request resource, means for obtaining a device request signal via the at least one device request resource, and means for outputting a first message including a resource allocation after the device request signal is obtained. In one aspect, the aforementioned means may be the processor 1304 shown in FIG. 13 configured to perform the functions recited by the aforementioned means (e.g., as discussed above) . In another aspect, the aforementioned means may be a circuit or any apparatus configured to perform the functions recited by the aforementioned means.
[0234] Of course, in the above examples, the circuitry included in the processor 1304 is merely provided as an example, and other means for carrying out the described functions may be included within various aspects of the present disclosure, including but not limited to the instructions stored in the computer-readable medium 1306, or any other suitable apparatus or means described in any one or more of FIGs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13, and utilizing, for example, the methods and / or algorithms described herein in relation to FIG. 14.
[0235] FIG. 15 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus 1500 employing a processing system 1514. The apparatus includes IoT device functionality (e.g., as described above in conjunction with FIGs. 1 -12) . In some examples, the apparatus is an A-IoT device. In some examples, the apparatus 1500 may correspond to any of the A-IoT devices shown in any of FIGs. 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, and 10.
[0236] In accordance with various aspects of the disclosure, an element, or any portion of an element, or any combination of elements may be implemented with the processing system 1514. The processing system may include one or more processors 1504.
[0237] In some implementations (e.g., for an A-IoT device) , the apparatus 1500 may include relatively limited processing and communication functionality. For example, in this case, the apparatus 1500 may include an antenna 1520, energy harvesting circuitry (e.g., as described above in conjunction with FIG. 6 and / or FIG. 7) , a processing system 1514, and backscatter circuitry (e.g., as described above in conjunction with FIG. 6 and / or FIG. 7) .
[0238] In some implementations (e.g., for a semi-passive or active IoT device) , the processing system 1514 may include additional processing and communication functionality. For example, in this case, the processing system 1514 may be substantially the same as the processing system 1314 illustrated in FIG. 13, including a bus interface 1508, a bus 1502, memory 1505, a processor 1504, and a computer-readable medium 1506. In addition, the apparatus may include a transceiver 1510, an antenna array, and an interface 1530 (e.g., a network interface) that provides a means for communicating with at least one other apparatus.
[0239] In some examples, the apparatus 1500 may include at least one sensor, at least one ID circuit (e.g., ID tag functionality) , or some other component (s) that generate (s) information to be uploaded to a reader. In some examples, the apparatus 1500 may be configured to receive signals from at least one sensor, at least one ID circuit (e.g., ID tag functionality) , or some other component (s) that generate (s) information to be uploaded to a reader.
[0240] In some examples, the apparatus 1500 includes a backscatter modulation circuit (e.g., such as the switch circuit 612 and associated control circuitry of the signal processing circuit 616 of FIG. 6 and / or other suitable modulation circuitry) . For example, such a backscatter modulation circuit may OOK modulate signaling (e.g., including a device request signal and so on) to be sent to a reader device (or some other similar device) on a carrier wave, on a continuous wave, or some other type of RS signal.
[0241] In some examples, the apparatus 1500 includes an OOK demodulation circuit (e.g., such as one or more of the A-IoT resource processing circuitry 1542, the communication and processing circuitry 1541, the transceiver 1510 and / or other suitable demodulation circuitry) . For example, such a OOK demodulation circuit may OOK demodulate the first indication, the first message, and other signaling received from a reader device (or some other similar device) on a carrier wave, on a continuous wave, or some other type of RS signal.
[0242] In some examples, the apparatus 1500 includes an energy harvest circuit. For example, the apparatus 1500 may include the energy harvest circuit 614 of FIG. 6 and / or other suitable energy harvest circuitry and / or corresponding energy storage circuitry. In some examples, the energy harvest circuit is configured to power at least one component of the apparatus (e.g., the processing system 1514) . For example, the apparatus 1500 may include a processing system (e.g., the signal processing circuit 616 of FIG. 6) powered by an energy harvest circuit and / or corresponding energy storage circuitry.
[0243] The memory 1505 may store A-IoT information 1515 used by the processor 1504 for communication operations as described herein. The A-IoT information 1515 may include, for example, resource information, sensor information, device identifiers, and so on.
[0244] The apparatus 1500 may be configured to perform any one or more of the operations described herein (e.g., as described above in conjunction with FIGs. 1 -12 and as described below in conjunction with FIG. 16) . In some aspects of the disclosure, the processor 1504, as utilized in the apparatus 1500, may include circuitry configured for various functions.
[0245] The processor 1504 may be configured to decode received signals to extract data (e.g., requests) received from a reader. The processor 1504 also may be configured to cause information to be transmitted back to the reader (e.g., via a backscatter signal) .
[0246] In some examples, the processor 1504 may include communication and processing circuitry 1541. The communication and processing circuitry 1541 may be configured to communicate with a reader and, optionally, other devices. The communication and processing circuitry 1541 may include one or more hardware components that provide the physical structure that performs various processes related to communication (e.g., signal reception and / or signal transmission) as described herein. The communication and processing circuitry 1541 may further include one or more hardware components that provide the physical structure that performs various processes related to signal processing (e.g., processing a received signal and / or processing a signal for transmission) as described herein. The communication and processing circuitry 1541 may further be configured to execute communication and processing software 1551 included on the computer-readable medium 1506 to implement one or more functions described herein. In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1541 may further be configured to conduct a DT or DO-DTT inventory procedure or command procedure (e.g., the communication and processing circuitry 1541 may include functionality for a means for conducting a DT or DO-DTT inventory or command procedure) .
[0247] In some implementations wherein the communication involves receiving information, the communication and processing circuitry 1541 may obtain information from a component of the apparatus 1500 (e.g., from the transceiver 1510 that receives the information via radio frequency signaling or some other type of signaling suitable for the applicable communication medium) , process (e.g., decode) the information, and output the processed information. For example, the communication and processing circuitry 1541 may output the information to another component of the processor 1504, to the memory 1505, or to the bus interface 1508. In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1541 may receive one or more of signals, messages, other information, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1541 may receive information via one or more channels. In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1541 may include functionality for a means for obtaining (e.g., obtaining an indication, obtaining a message, obtaining information, obtaining a paging message, obtaining a resource allocation message, obtaining an A-IoT inventory message, obtaining an A-IoT command message, obtaining an A-IoT configuration message, obtaining a synchronization signal, etc. ) . In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1541 may include functionality for a means for receiving (e.g., receiving an indication, a message, and / or other information) . In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1541 may include functionality for a means for decoding.
[0248] In some implementations wherein the communication involves sending (e.g., transmitting) information, the communication and processing circuitry 1541 may obtain information (e.g., from another component of the processor 1504, the memory 1505, or the bus interface 1508) , process (e.g., encode) the information, and output the processed information. For example, the communication and processing circuitry 1541 may output the information to the transceiver 1510 (e.g., that transmits the information via radio frequency signaling or some other type of signaling suitable for the applicable communication medium) . In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1541 may send one or more of signals, messages, other information, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1541 may send information via one or more channels. In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1541 may include functionality for a means for outputting (e.g., outputting a device request signal, outputting an A-IoT random access message, outputting a contention-free A-IoT access message, outputting a retransmission, etc. ) . In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1541 may include functionality for a means for transmitting (e.g., transmitting a device request signal and / or other information) . In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1541 may include functionality for a means for encoding.
[0249] The processor 1504 may include A-IoT resource processing circuitry 1542 configured to perform A-IoT resource processing-related operations as discussed herein (e.g., one or more of the operations described above in conjunction with FIGs. 1 -12) . The A-IoT resource processing circuitry 1542 may be configured to execute A-IoT resource processing software 1552 included on the computer-readable medium 1506 to implement one or more functions described
[0250] The A-IoT resource processing circuitry 1542 may include functionality for a means for obtaining (e.g., as described above in conjunction with FIGs. 1 -12) . For example, the A-IoT resource processing circuitry 1542 may cooperate with the communication and processing circuitry 1541 to obtain an indication of a DR resource (e.g., that was sent by a reader) . As another example, the A-IoT resource processing circuitry 1542 may cooperate with the communication and processing circuitry 1541 to obtain an A-IoT paging message (e.g., that was sent by a reader) . As another example, the A-IoT resource processing circuitry 1542 may cooperate with the communication and processing circuitry 1541 to obtain an A-IoT configuration message (e.g., that was sent by a reader) .
[0251] The A-IoT resource processing circuitry 1542 may include functionality for a means for monitoring (e.g., as described above in conjunction with FIGs. 1 -12) . For example, the A-IoT resource processing circuitry 1542 may monitor during periodic time windows for a message (e.g., that was sent by a reader) . As another example, the A-IoT resource processing circuitry 1542 may monitor during synchronization signal time windows for a message (e.g., that was sent by a reader)
[0252] The processor 1504 may include DR processing circuitry 1543 configured to perform DR processing-related operations as discussed herein (e.g., one or more of the operations described above in conjunction with FIGs. 1 -12) . The DR processing circuitry 1543 may be configured to execute DR processing software 1553 included on the computer-readable medium 1506 to implement one or more functions described herein.
[0253] The DR processing circuitry 1543 may include functionality for a means for outputting (e.g., as described above in conjunction with FIGs. 1 -12) . For example, the DR processing circuitry 1543 may cooperate with the communication and processing circuitry 1541 to output a DR signal (e.g., for transmission to a reader) . As another example, the DR processing circuitry 1543 may cooperate with the communication and processing circuitry 1541 to output a retransmission of a DR signal.
[0254] The DR processing circuitry 1543 may include functionality for a means for modulating (e.g., as described above in conjunction with FIGs. 1 -12) . For example, the DR processing circuitry 1543 may modulate a DR signal for backscatter transmission on a carrier wave.
[0255] The DR processing circuitry 1543 may include functionality for a means for invoking an action (e.g., as described above in conjunction with FIGs. 1 -12) . For example, the DR processing circuitry 1543 may invoke an action in response to a request sent by a reader. As another example, the DR processing circuitry 1543 may invoke a retransmission of a DR signal.
[0256] The DR processing circuitry 1543 may include functionality for a means for ceasing retransmissions (e.g., as described above in conjunction with FIGs. 1 -12) . For example, the DR processing circuitry 1543 may cease DR retransmissions responsive to the expiration of a timer.
[0257] The DR processing circuitry 1543 may include functionality for a means for starting a timer (e.g., as described above in conjunction with FIGs. 1 -12) . For example, the DR processing circuitry 1543 may start a timer after a DR signal is output.
[0258] The DR processing circuitry 1543 may include functionality for a means for resetting a timer (e.g., as described above in conjunction with FIGs. 1 -12) . For example, the DR processing circuitry 1543 may reset a timer after a message is obtained.
[0259] The DR processing circuitry 1543 may include functionality for a means for obtaining (e.g., as described above in conjunction with FIGs. 1 -12) . For example, the DR processing circuitry 1543 may cooperate with the communication and processing circuitry 1541 to obtain information (e.g., query) from a reader.
[0260] FIG. 16 is a flow chart illustrating an example method 1600 for wireless communication in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure. As described below, some or all illustrated features may be omitted in a particular implementation within the scope of the present disclosure, and some illustrated features may not be required for implementation of all examples. In some examples, the method 1600 may be carried out by the apparatus 1500 illustrated in FIG. 15, the apparatus 302 illustrated in FIG. 3, or a wireless node (e.g., an A-IoT device) . In some examples, the method 1600 may be carried out by any suitable apparatus or means for carrying out the functions or algorithm described below.
[0261] At block 1602, an apparatus may obtain a first indication of at least one device request resource. In some examples, the A-IoT resource processing circuitry 1542 together with the communication and processing circuitry 1541 and the transceiver 1510, shown and described in FIG. 15, may provide a means to obtain a first indication of at least one device request resource. In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1541 and the transceiver 1510, shown and described in FIG. 15, may provide a means to obtain a first indication of at least one device request resource.
[0262] At block 1604, the apparatus may output a device request signal via (e.g., on) the at least one device request resource. In some examples, the DR processing circuitry 1543 together with the communication and processing circuitry 1541 and the transceiver 1510, shown and described in FIG. 15, may provide a means to output a device request signal via the at least one device request resource. In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1541 and the transceiver 1510, shown and described in FIG. 15, may provide a means to output a device request signal via the at least one device request resource.
[0263] At block 1606, the apparatus may obtain a first message comprising a resource allocation after the device request signal is output. In some examples, the A-IoT resource processing circuitry 1542 together with the communication and processing circuitry 1541 and the transceiver 1510, shown and described in FIG. 15, may provide a means to obtain a first message comprising a resource allocation after the device request signal is output. In some examples, the communication and processing circuitry 1541 and the transceiver 1510, shown and described in FIG. 15, may provide a means to output obtain a first message comprising a resource allocation after the device request signal is output. In some examples, the first message may include (e.g., may be) at least one of: an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) paging message, a reader-to-device (R2D) message, or a resource allocation message.
[0264] In some examples, the first apparatus may output a backscatter modulated device request signal. In some examples, outputting the device request signal may include backscatter modulating the device request signal.
[0265] In some examples, the first apparatus may obtain OOK modulated signals. For example, the first apparatus may OOK demodulate the first indication and other signaling received from a reader device (or some other similar device) on a carrier wave, on a continuous wave, or some other type of RS signal.
[0266] In some examples, the first apparatus may modulate the device request signal for transmission via backscattering. In some examples, the first apparatus may obtain information (e.g., sensor information, measurement information, and so on) . In some examples, the first apparatus may output the device request signal after the information is obtained. In some examples, the device request signal may be output for transmission via a physical device-to-reader channel (PD2RCH) . In some examples, the device request signal may be output for transmission via a medium access control (MAC) message.
[0267] In some examples, the at least one device request resource may include (e.g., may be) a dedicated resource associated with the first apparatus. In some examples, the at least one device request resource may include (e.g., may be) a shared resource associated with a plurality of apparatuses. In some examples, the at least one device request resource may include (e.g., may be) periodic resources. In some examples, the at least one device request resource may include (e.g., may be) a single resource. In some examples, the first indication is further obtained via an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) paging message. In some examples, to obtain the first indication, the first apparatus may obtain an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) paging message that includes the first indication. In some examples, the A-IoT paging message may further include a second indication of at least one A-IOT access occasion.
[0268] In some examples, the first indication is further obtained via an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) configuration message. In some examples, to obtain the first indication, the first apparatus may obtain an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) configuration message that includes the first indication. In some examples, the A-IoT configuration message may further include a second indication of at least one A-IoT device originated autonomous (DO-A) traffic resource. In some examples, the A-IoT configuration message may further include a periodic message. In some examples, the first apparatus may monitor one or more periodic time windows to obtain the A-IoT configuration message. In some examples, the first apparatus may monitor during periodic time windows for the A-IoT configuration message. In some examples, the first apparatus may obtain a synchronization signal. In some examples, the A-IoT configuration message is associated with a synchronization signal. In some examples, the first apparatus may monitor one or more synchronization signal time windows to obtain the A-IoT configuration message. In some examples, the first apparatus may monitor during synchronization signal time windows for the A-IoT configuration message.
[0269] In some examples, the first apparatus may conduct a device terminated (DT) or device originated device terminated triggered (DO-DTT) inventory or command procedure. In some examples, the first indication is further obtained, after a successful completion of the DT or DO-DTT inventory or command procedure, via an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) inventory message, an A-IoT command message, or an A-IoT configuration message. In some examples, to obtain the first indication, the first apparatus may obtain, after a successful completion of the DT or DO-DTT inventory or command procedure, an A-IoT inventory message that includes the first indication, an A-IoT command message that includes the first indication, or an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) configuration message that includes the first indication.
[0270] In some examples, the device request signal does not include an identifier of the first apparatus. In some examples, the first message may be an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) paging message. In some examples, the first apparatus may output an A-IoT random access message after the A-IoT paging message is obtained. In some examples, the A-IoT paging message may include a second indication that triggers a random access associated with A-IoT device originated autonomous (DO-A) traffic. In some examples, the A-IoT paging message may include a second indication of at least one resource associated with A-IoT device originated autonomous (DO-A) traffic. In some examples, the A-IoT paging message may include a second indication of at least one other device request resource.
[0271] In some examples, the device request signal may include an identifier of the first apparatus. In some examples, the identifier of the first apparatus may include at least one of a static device identifier, an identifier obtained from a reader device, an access stratum (AS) identifier, a product identifier, or an identifier associated with the at least one device request resource. In some examples, the first message may be an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) paging message or a resource allocation message. In some examples, the first apparatus may output a contention-free A-IoT access message after the A-IoT paging message or the resource allocation message is obtained. In some examples, the A-IoT paging message or the resource allocation message may include the identifier of the first apparatus. In some examples, the A-IoT paging message or the resource allocation message may include a second indication that triggers a contention-free access. In some examples, the A-IoT paging message or the resource allocation message may include a second indication of at least one resource associated with A-IoT device originated autonomous (DO-A) traffic. In some examples, the A-IoT paging message or the resource allocation message may include a second indication of at least one other device request resource. In some examples, the device request signal may include a second indication of status information associated with a buffer of the first apparatus. In some examples, the device request signal may further include status information associated with a buffer of the first apparatus, wherein the status information indicates an amount of data to be output after the first message is obtained.
[0272] In some examples, the first apparatus may output a first retransmission of the device request signal. In some examples, the first apparatus may invoke a first retransmission of the device request signal responsive to an expiration of an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) device originated autonomous (DO-A) traffic timer. In some examples, the device request signal is output during a first device request occasion indicated by the at least one device request resource. In some examples, the first retransmission of the device request signal is output during a second device request occasion indicated by the at least one device request resource as following the first device request occasion. In some examples, the first apparatus may cease retransmission of the device request signal responsive to an expiration of a timer.
[0273] In some examples, the first apparatus may output a second retransmission of the device request signal. In some examples, the first apparatus may invoke a second retransmission of the device request signal responsive to an expiration of an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) device originated autonomous (DO-A) traffic timer. In some examples, the first retransmission of the device request signal is associated with a first transmit power. In some examples, the second retransmission of the device request signal is associated with a second transmit power that is higher than the first transmit power.
[0274] In some examples, the first apparatus may start an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) device originated autonomous (DO-A) traffic retransmission timer after the device request signal is output. In some examples, the first apparatus may obtain an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) paging message or a resource allocation message after the A-IoT DO-A traffic retransmission timer is started. In some examples, the first apparatus may reset the A-IoT DO-A traffic retransmission timer after the A-IoT paging message or the resource allocation message is obtained.
[0275] In some examples, the first apparatus includes at least one transceiver configured to receive the first indication and the first message and transmit the device request signal via the at least one device request resource, wherein the first apparatus is configured as an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) device.
[0276] Referring again to FIG. 15, in one configuration, the apparatus 1500 includes means for obtaining a first indication of at least one device request resource, means for outputting a device request signal via the at least one device request resource, and means for obtaining a first message including a resource allocation after the device request signal is output. In one aspect, the aforementioned means may be the processor 1504 shown in FIG. 15 configured to perform the functions recited by the aforementioned means (e.g., as discussed above) . In another aspect, the aforementioned means may be a circuit or any apparatus configured to perform the functions recited by the aforementioned means.
[0277] Of course, in the above examples, the circuitry included in the processor 1504 is merely provided as an example, and other means for carrying out the described functions may be included within various aspects of the present disclosure, including but not limited to the instructions stored in the computer-readable medium 1506, or any other suitable apparatus or means described in any one or more of FIGs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 15, and utilizing, for example, the methods and / or algorithms described herein in relation to FIG. 16.
[0278] The methods shown in FIGs. 14 and 16 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein. The following provides an overview of several aspects of the present disclosure.
[0279] Aspect 1: A method for communication at a wireless node, the method comprising: obtaining a first indication of at least one device request resource; outputting a device request signal via the at least one device request resource; and obtaining a first message comprising a resource allocation after the device request signal is output.
[0280] Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1, wherein the first message comprises at least one of: an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) paging message, a reader-to-device (R2D) message, or a resource allocation message.
[0281] Aspect 3: The method of any of aspects 1 through 2, further comprising: modulating the device request signal for transmission via backscattering.
[0282] Aspect 4: The method of any of aspects 1 through 3, wherein: the processing system is further configured to obtain information; and the device request signal is output after the information is obtained.
[0283] Aspect 5: The method of any of aspects 1 through 4, wherein the device request signal is output for transmission via a physical device-to-reader channel (PD2RCH) or a medium access control (MAC) message.
[0284] Aspect 6: The method of any of aspects 1 through 5, wherein the at least one device request resource comprises a dedicated resource associated with the first apparatus or a shared resource associated with a plurality of apparatuses.
[0285] Aspect 7: The method of any of aspects 1 through 6, wherein the at least one device request resource comprises periodic resources or a single resource.
[0286] Aspect 8: The method of any of aspects 1 through 7, wherein the first indication is further obtained via an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) paging message.
[0287] Aspect 9: The method of aspect 8, wherein the A-IoT paging message further comprises a second indication of at least one A-IoT access occasion.
[0288] Aspect 10: The method of any of aspects 1 through 9, wherein the first indication is further obtained via an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) configuration message.
[0289] Aspect 11: The method of aspect 10, wherein the A-IoT configuration message further comprises a second indication of at least one A-IoT device originated autonomous (DO-A) traffic resource.
[0290] Aspect 12: The method of any of aspects 10 through 11, wherein the A-IoT configuration message further comprises a periodic message.
[0291] Aspect 13: The method of aspect 12, further comprising: monitoring one or more periodic time windows to obtain the A-IoT configuration message.
[0292] Aspect 14: The method of any of aspects 10 through 13, wherein: the method further comprises obtaining a synchronization signal; and the A-IoT configuration message is associated with the synchronization signal.
[0293] Aspect 15: The method of aspect 14, further comprising: monitoring one or more synchronization signal time windows to obtain the A-IoT configuration message.
[0294] Aspect 16: The method of any of aspects 1 through 15, wherein: the method further comprises conducting a device terminated (DT) or device originated device terminated triggered (DO-DTT) inventory or command procedure; and the first indication is further obtained, after a successful completion of the DT or DO-DTT inventory or command procedure, via an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) inventory message, an A-IoT command message, or an A-IoT configuration message.
[0295] Aspect 17: The method of any of aspects 1 through 16, wherein the device request signal does not include an identifier of the first apparatus.
[0296] Aspect 18: The method of aspect 17, wherein: the first message comprises an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) paging message; and the method further comprises outputting an A-IoT random access message after the A-IoT paging message is obtained.
[0297] Aspect 19: The method of aspects 18, wherein the A-IoT paging message comprises a second indication that triggers a random access associated with A-IoT device originated autonomous (DO-A) traffic.
[0298] Aspect 20: The method of any of aspects 18 through 19, wherein the A-IoT paging message comprises a second indication of at least one resource associated with A-IoT device originated autonomous (DO-A) traffic.
[0299] Aspect 21: The method of any of aspects 18 through 20, wherein the A-IoT paging message comprises a second indication of at least one other device request resource.
[0300] Aspect 22: The method of any of aspects 1 through 16, wherein the device request signal comprises an identifier of the first apparatus.
[0301] Aspect 23: The method of aspect 22, wherein the identifier of the first apparatus comprises at least one of: a static device identifier, an identifier obtained from a reader device, an access stratum (AS) identifier, a product identifier, or an identifier associated with the at least one device request resource.
[0302] Aspect 24: The method of any of aspects 22 through 23, wherein at least one of: the first message comprises an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) paging message or a resource allocation message; the A-IoT paging message or the resource allocation message comprises the identifier of the first apparatus; or the method further comprises outputting a contention-free A-IoT access message after the A-IoT paging message or the resource allocation message is obtained.
[0303] Aspect 25: The method of aspect 24, wherein the A-IoT paging message or the resource allocation message comprises a second indication that triggers a contention-free access.
[0304] Aspect 26: The method of any of aspects 24 through 25, wherein the A-IoT paging message or the resource allocation message comprises a second indication of at least one resource associated with A-IoT device originated autonomous (DO-A) traffic.
[0305] Aspect 27: The method of any of aspects 24 through 26, wherein the A-IoT paging message or the resource allocation message comprises a second indication of at least one other device request resource.
[0306] Aspect 28: The method of any of aspects 1 through 27, wherein the device request signal further comprises status information associated with a buffer of the first apparatus, wherein the status information indicates an amount of data to be output after the first message is obtained.
[0307] Aspect 29: The method of any of aspects 1 through 28, further comprising: outputting a first retransmission of the device request signal.
[0308] Aspect 30: The method of aspect 29, wherein: the device request signal is output during a first device request occasion indicated by the at least one device request resource; and the first retransmission of the device request signal is output during a second device request occasion indicated by the at least one device request resource as following the first device request occasion.
[0309] Aspect 31: The method of any of aspects 29 through 30, further comprising: ceasing retransmission of the device request signal responsive to an expiration of a timer.
[0310] Aspect 32: The method of any of aspects 29 through 31, wherein: the method further comprises outputting a second retransmission of the device request signal; the first retransmission of the device request signal is associated with a first transmit power; and the second retransmission of the device request signal is associated with a second transmit power that is higher than the first transmit power.
[0311] Aspect 33: The method of any of aspects 1 through 32, further comprising: starting an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) device originated autonomous (DO-A) traffic retransmission timer after the device request signal is output.
[0312] Aspect 34: The method of aspect 33, further comprising: obtaining an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) paging message or a resource allocation message after the A-IoT DO-A traffic retransmission timer is started; and resetting the A-IoT DO-A traffic retransmission timer after the A-IoT paging message or the resource allocation message is obtained.
[0313] Aspect 35: The method of any of aspects 1 through 34, further comprising: harvesting energy at the wireless node.
[0314] Aspect 36: The method of any of aspects 1 through 35, further comprising: receiving the first indication and the first message, and transmitting the device request signal via the at least one device request resource, wherein the first apparatus is configured as an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) device.
[0315] Aspect 37: A method for communication at a wireless node, the method comprising: outputting a first indication of at least one device request resource; obtaining a device request signal on the at least one device request resource; and outputting a first message comprising a resource allocation after the device request signal is obtained.
[0316] Aspect 38: The method of aspect 37, wherein the first message comprises at least one of: an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) paging message, a reader-to-device (R2D) message, or a resource allocation message.
[0317] Aspect 39: The method of any of aspects 37 through 38, wherein the device request signal is obtained based on backscatter demodulation.
[0318] Aspect 40: The method of any of aspects 37 through 39, further comprising: verifying an identity of a second apparatus based on the device request signal.
[0319] Aspect 41: The method of aspect 40, further comprising: outputting an indication of the identity of the second apparatus for transmission to a network entity.
[0320] Aspect 42: The method of any of aspects 40 through 41, further comprising: outputting a first ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) paging message comprising the identity of the second apparatus after the device request signal is obtained.
[0321] Aspect 43: The method of aspect 42, further comprising: outputting a plurality of A-IoT paging messages, including the first A-IoT paging message, in sequence to a plurality of A-IoT devices, including the second apparatus.
[0322] Aspect 44: The method of aspect 42, wherein at least one of: the first A-IoT paging message is output for transmission to a plurality of A-IoT devices, including the second apparatus; or the first A-IoT paging message comprises a second indication that triggers random access associated with A-IoT device originated autonomous (DO-A) traffic.
[0323] Aspect 45: The method of any of aspects 37 through 44, further comprising: monitoring the at least one device request resource for device request signals based on a monitoring window.
[0324] Aspect 46: The method of aspect 45, wherein the monitoring window is based on a defined periodicity.
[0325] Aspect 47: The method of aspect 45, wherein the monitoring window is based on a periodicity associated with the device request signal.
[0326] Aspect 48: The method of any of aspects 37 through 47, further comprising: obtaining assistance information associated with A-IoT device originated autonomous (DO-A) traffic.
[0327] Aspect 49: The method of aspect 48, wherein the assistance information comprises at least one of: transmission time associated with the A-IoT DO-A traffic, a data size associated with the A-IoT DO-A traffic, or a quantity of A-IoT device expected to generate the A-IoT DO-A traffic.
[0328] Aspect 50: The method of any of aspects 37 through 49, wherein the device request signal is obtained via a physical device-to-reader channel (PD2RCH) or a medium access control (MAC) message.
[0329] Aspect 51: The method of any of aspects 37 through 50, wherein the at least one device request resource comprises a dedicated resource associated with the first apparatus or a shared resource associated with a plurality of apparatuses.
[0330] Aspect 52: The method of any of aspects 37 through 51, wherein the at least one device request resource comprises periodic resources or a single resource.
[0331] Aspect 53: The method of any of aspects 37 through 52, wherein the first indication is further output via an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) paging message.
[0332] Aspect 54: The method of aspect 53, wherein the A-IoT paging message further comprises a second indication of at least one A-IOT access occasion.
[0333] Aspect 55: The method of any of aspects 37 through 54, wherein the first indication is further output via an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) configuration message.
[0334] Aspect 56: The method of aspect 55, wherein the A-IoT configuration message further comprises a second indication of at least one A-IoT device originated autonomous (DO-A) traffic resource.
[0335] Aspect 57: The method of any of aspects 55 through 56, wherein the A-IoT configuration message further comprises a periodic message.
[0336] Aspect 58: The method of any of aspects 55 through 57, wherein the A-IoT configuration message is associated with a synchronization signal.
[0337] Aspect 59: The method of any of aspects 37 through 58, wherein: the method further comprises conducting a device terminated (DT) or device originated device terminated triggered (DO-DTT) inventory or command procedure; and the first indication is further output, after a successful completion of the DT or DO-DTT inventory or command procedure, via an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) inventory message, an A-IoT command message, or an A-IoT configuration message.
[0338] Aspect 60: The method of any of aspects 37 through 59, wherein the device request signal does not include an identifier of a second apparatus.
[0339] Aspect 61: The method of aspect 60, wherein: the first message comprises an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) paging message; and the method further comprises obtaining an A-IoT random access message after the A-IoT paging message is output.
[0340] Aspect 62: The method of aspect 61, wherein the A-IoT paging message comprises a second indication that triggers a random access associated with A-IoT device originated autonomous (DO-A) traffic.
[0341] Aspect 63: The method of any of aspects 61 through 62, wherein the A-IoT paging message comprises a second indication of at least one resource associated with A-IoT device originated autonomous (DO-A) traffic.
[0342] Aspect 64: The method of any of aspects 61 through 63, wherein the A-IoT paging message comprises a second indication of at least one other device request resource.
[0343] Aspect 65: The method of any of aspects 37 through 59, wherein the device request signal comprises an identifier of a second apparatus.
[0344] Aspect 66: The method of aspect 65, wherein the identifier of the second apparatus comprises at least one of: a static device identifier, an identifier generated by a reader device, an access stratum (AS) identifier, a product identifier, or an identifier associated with the at least one device request resource.
[0345] Aspect 67: The method of any of aspects 65 through 66, wherein: the first message comprises an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) paging message or a resource allocation message; the A-IoT paging message or the resource allocation message comprises the identifier of the second apparatus; and the method further comprises obtaining a contention-free A-IoT access message after the A-IoT paging message or the resource allocation message is output.
[0346] Aspect 68: The method of aspect 67, wherein the A-IoT paging message or the resource allocation message comprises a second indication that triggers a contention-free access.
[0347] Aspect 69: The method of any of aspects 67 through 68, wherein the A-IoT paging message or the resource allocation message comprises a second indication of at least one resource associated with A-IoT device originated autonomous (DO-A) traffic.
[0348] Aspect 70: The method of any of aspects 67 through 69, wherein the A-IoT paging message or the resource allocation message comprises a second indication of at least one other device request resource.
[0349] Aspect 71: The method of any of aspects 37 through 70, wherein the device request signal further comprises status information associated with a buffer of a second apparatus, wherein the status information indicates an amount of data to be obtained after the first message is output.
[0350] Aspect 72: The method of any of aspects 37 through 71, further comprising: transmitting the first indication and the first message and receiving the device request signal via the at least one device request resource, wherein the first apparatus is configured as a network entity or a user equipment.
[0351] Aspect 73: A wireless node (e.g., a user equipment) , comprising: one or more transceivers; one or more memories that store processor-executable code; and one or more processors configured to execute the processor-executable code and cause the wireless node to perform a method in accordance with any one or more of aspects 1 through 35, wherein the one or more transceivers are configured to receive the first indication and the first message, and transmit the device request signal via the at least one device request resource.
[0352] Aspect 74: An apparatus configured for communication comprising at least one means for performing any one or more of aspects 1 through 36.
[0353] Aspect 75: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable code, comprising code for causing an apparatus to perform any one or more of aspects 1 through 36.
[0354] Aspect 76: An apparatus, comprising: one or more memories that store processor-executable code; and one or more processors configured to execute the processor-executable code and cause the apparatus to perform a method in accordance with any one or more of aspects 1 through 35.
[0355] Aspect 77: A first wireless node (e.g., a network entity or a user equipment) , comprising: one or more transceivers; one or more memories that store processor-executable code; and one or more processors configured to execute the processor-executable code and cause the first wireless node to perform a method in accordance with any one or more of aspects 37 through 71, wherein the one or more transceivers are configured to transmit the first indication and the first message, and receive the device request signal via the at least one device request resource.
[0356] Aspect 78: An apparatus configured for communication comprising at least one means for performing any one or more of aspects 37 through 72.
[0357] Aspect 79: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable code, comprising code for causing an apparatus to perform any one or more of aspects 37 through 72.
[0358] Aspect 80: An apparatus, comprising: one or more memories that store processor-executable code; and one or more processors configured to execute the processor-executable code and cause the apparatus to perform a method in accordance with any one or more of aspects 37 through 71.
[0359] Several aspects of a wireless communication network have been presented with reference to an example implementation. As those skilled in the art will readily appreciate, various aspects described throughout this disclosure may be extended to other telecommunication systems, network architectures and communication standards.
[0360] By way of example, various aspects may be implemented within other systems defined by 3GPP, such as Long-Term Evolution (LTE) , the Evolved Packet System (EPS) , the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) , and / or the Global System for Mobile (GSM) . Various aspects may also be extended to systems defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) , such as CDMA2000 and / or Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO) . Other examples may be implemented within systems employing Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20, Ultra-Wideband (UWB) , Bluetooth, and / or other suitable systems. The actual telecommunication standard, network architecture, and / or communication standard employed will depend on the specific application and the overall design constraints imposed on the system.
[0361] Within the present disclosure, the word “exemplary” is used to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration. ” Any implementation or aspect described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects of the disclosure. Likewise, the term “aspects” does not require that all aspects of the disclosure include the discussed feature, advantage or mode of operation. The term “coupled” is used herein to refer to the direct or indirect coupling between two objects. For example, if object A physically touches object B, and object B touches object C, then objects A and C may still be considered coupled to one another-even if they do not directly physically touch each other. For instance, a first object may be coupled to a second object even though the first object is never directly physically in contact with the second object. The terms “circuit” and “circuitry” are used broadly, and intended to include both hardware implementations of electrical devices and conductors that, when connected and configured, enable the performance of the functions described in the present disclosure, without limitation as to the type of electronic circuits, as well as software implementations of information and instructions that, when executed by a processor, enable the performance of the functions described in the present disclosure. As used herein, the term “determining” may include, for example, ascertaining, resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (e.g., looking up in a table, a database or another data structure) , and the like. Also, “determining” may include receiving (e.g., receiving information) , accessing (e.g., accessing data in a memory) , and the like.
[0362] [Rectified under Rule 91, 24.02.2025]One or more of the components, steps, features and / or functions illustrated in FIGs. 1 -16 may be rearranged and / or combined into a single component, step, feature or function or embodied in several components, steps, or functions. Additional elements, components, steps, and / or functions may also be added without departing from novel features disclosed herein. The apparatus, devices, and / or components illustrated in FIGs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 15 may be configured to perform one or more of the methods, features, or steps described herein. The novel algorithms described herein may also be efficiently implemented in software and / or embedded in hardware.
[0363] It is to be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the methods disclosed is an illustration of example processes. Based upon design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the methods may be rearranged. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various steps in a sample order, and are not meant to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented unless specifically recited therein.
[0364] The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but are to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language of the claims, wherein reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more. ” Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. A phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover: a; b; c; a and b; a and c; b and c; and a, b, and c. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims.
Claims
A first apparatus for communication, comprising:a processing system configured to:obtain a first indication of at least one device request resource;output a device request signal on via the at least one device request resource; andobtain a first message comprising a resource allocation after the device request signal is output.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first message comprises at least one of: an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) paging message, a reader-to-device (R2D) message, or a resource allocation message.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing system is further configured to:modulate the device request signal for transmission via backscattering.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein:the processing system is further configured to obtain information; andthe device request signal is output after the information is obtained.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the device request signal is output for transmission via a physical device-to-reader channel (PD2RCH) or a medium access control (MAC) message.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one device request resource comprises a dedicated resource associated with the first apparatus or a shared resource associated with a plurality of apparatuses.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one device request resource comprises periodic resources or a single resource.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first indication is further obtained via an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) paging message.The first apparatus of claim 8, wherein the A-IoT paging message further comprises a second indication of at least one A-IoT access occasion.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first indication is further obtained via an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) configuration message.The first apparatus of claim 10, wherein the A-IoT configuration message further comprises a second indication of at least one A-IoT device originated autonomous (DO-A) traffic resource.The first apparatus of claim 10, wherein the A-IoT configuration message further comprises a periodic message.The first apparatus of claim 12, wherein the processing system is further configured to monitor one or more periodic time windows to obtain the A-IoT configuration message.The first apparatus of claim 10, wherein:the processing system is further configured to obtain a synchronization signal; andthe A-IoT configuration message is associated with the synchronization signal.The first apparatus of claim 14, wherein the processing system is further configured to monitor one or more synchronization signal time windows to obtain the A-IoT configuration message.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein:the processing system is further configured to conduct a device terminated (DT) or device originated device terminated triggered (DO-DTT) inventory or command procedure; andthe first indication is further obtained, after a successful completion of the DT or DO-DTT inventory or command procedure, via an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) inventory message, an A-IoT command message, or an A-IoT configuration message.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the device request signal does not include an identifier of the first apparatus.The first apparatus of claim 17, wherein:the first message comprises an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) paging message; andthe processing system is further configured to output an A-IoT random access message after the A-IoT paging message is obtained.The first apparatus of claim 18, wherein the A-IoT paging message comprises a second indication that triggers a random access associated with A-IoT device originated autonomous (DO-A) traffic.The first apparatus of claim 18, wherein the A-IoT paging message comprises a second indication of at least one resource associated with A-IoT device originated autonomous (DO-A) traffic.The first apparatus of claim 18, wherein the A-IoT paging message comprises a second indication of at least one other device request resource.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the device request signal comprises an identifier of the first apparatus.The first apparatus of claim 22, wherein the identifier of the first apparatus comprises at least one of: a static device identifier, an identifier obtained from a reader device, an access stratum (AS) identifier, a product identifier, or an identifier associated with the at least one device request resource.The first apparatus of claim 22, wherein at least one of:the first message comprises an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) paging message or a resource allocation message;the A-IoT paging message or the resource allocation message comprises the identifier of the first apparatus; orthe processing system is further configured to output a contention-free A-IoT access message after the A-IoT paging message or the resource allocation message is obtained.The first apparatus of claim 24, wherein the A-IoT paging message or the resource allocation message comprises a second indication that triggers a contention-free access.The first apparatus of claim 24, wherein the A-IoT paging message or the resource allocation message comprises a second indication of at least one resource associated with A-IoT device originated autonomous (DO-A) traffic.The first apparatus of claim 24, wherein the A-IoT paging message or the resource allocation message comprises a second indication of at least one other device request resource.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the device request signal further comprises status information associated with a buffer of the first apparatus, wherein the status information indicates an amount of data to be output after the first message is obtained.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing system is further configured to:output a first retransmission of the device request signal.The first apparatus of claim 29, wherein:the device request signal is output during a first device request occasion indicated by the at least one device request resource; andthe first retransmission of the device request signal is output during a second device request occasion indicated by the at least one device request resource as following the first device request occasion.The first apparatus of claim 29, wherein the processing system is further configured to:cease retransmission of the device request signal responsive to an expiration of a timer.The first apparatus of claim 29, wherein:the processing system is further configured to output a second retransmission of the device request signal;the first retransmission of the device request signal is associated with a first transmit power; andthe second retransmission of the device request signal is associated with a second transmit power that is higher than the first transmit power.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing system is further configured to:start an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) device originated autonomous (DO-A) traffic retransmission timer after the device request signal is output.The first apparatus of claim 33, wherein the processing system is further configured to:obtain an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) paging message or a resource allocation message after the A-IoT DO-A traffic retransmission timer is started; andreset the A-IoT DO-A traffic retransmission timer after the A-IoT paging message or the resource allocation message is obtained.The first apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:at least one transceiver configured to receive the first indication and the first message and transmit the device request signal via the at least one device request resource,wherein the first apparatus is configured as an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) device.A method for communication at a wireless node, the method comprising:obtaining a first indication of at least one device request resource;outputting a device request signal via the at least one device request resource; andobtaining a first message comprising a resource allocation after the device request signal is output.A first apparatus for communication, comprising:a processing system configured to:output a first indication of at least one device request resource;obtain a device request signal via the at least one device request resource; andoutput a first message comprising a resource allocation after the device request signal is obtained.The first apparatus of claim 37, wherein the first message comprises at least one of: an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) paging message, a reader-to-device (R2D) message, or a resource allocation message.The first apparatus of claim 37, wherein the device request signal is obtained based on backscatter demodulation.The first apparatus of claim 37, wherein the processing system is further configured to:verify an identity of a second apparatus based on the device request signal.The first apparatus of claim 40, wherein the processing system is further configured to:output an indication of the identity of the second apparatus for transmission to a network entity.The first apparatus of claim 40, wherein the processing system is further configured to:output a first ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) paging message comprising the identity of the second apparatus after the device request signal is obtained.The first apparatus of claim 42, wherein the processing system is further configured to:output a plurality of A-IoT paging messages, including the first A-IoT paging message, in sequence to a plurality of A-IoT devices, including the second apparatus.The first apparatus of claim 42, wherein at least one of:the first A-IoT paging message is output for transmission to a plurality of A-IoT devices, including the second apparatus; orthe first A-IoT paging message comprises a second indication that triggers random access associated with A-IoT device originated autonomous (DO-A) traffic.The first apparatus of claim 37, wherein the processing system is further configured to:monitor the at least one device request resource for device request signals based on a monitoring window.The first apparatus of claim 45, wherein the monitoring window is based on a defined periodicity.The first apparatus of claim 45, wherein the monitoring window is based on a periodicity associated with the device request signal.The first apparatus of claim 37, wherein the processing system is further configured to:obtain assistance information associated with A-IoT device originated autonomous (DO-A) traffic.The first apparatus of claim 48, wherein the assistance information comprises at least one of: transmission time associated with the A-IoT DO-A traffic, a data size associated with the A-IoT DO-A traffic, or a quantity of A-IoT device expected to generate the A-IoT DO-A traffic.The first apparatus of claim 37, wherein the device request signal is obtained via a physical device-to-reader channel (PD2RCH) or a medium access control (MAC) message.The first apparatus of claim 37, wherein the at least one device request resource comprises a dedicated resource associated with the first apparatus or a shared resource associated with a plurality of apparatuses.The first apparatus of claim 37, wherein the at least one device request resource comprises periodic resources or a single resource.The first apparatus of claim 37, wherein the first indication is further output via an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) paging message.The first apparatus of claim 53, wherein the A-IoT paging message further comprises a second indication of at least one A-IOT access occasion.The first apparatus of claim 37, wherein the first indication is further output via an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) configuration message.The first apparatus of claim 55, wherein the A-IoT configuration message further comprises a second indication of at least one A-IoT device originated autonomous (DO-A) traffic resource.The first apparatus of claim 55, wherein the A-IoT configuration message further comprises a periodic message.The first apparatus of claim 55, wherein the A-IoT configuration message is associated with a synchronization signal.The first apparatus of claim 37, wherein:the processing system is further configured to conduct a device terminated (DT) or device originated device terminated triggered (DO-DTT) inventory or command procedure; andthe first indication is further output, after a successful completion of the DT or DO-DTT inventory or command procedure, via an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) inventory message, an A-IoT command message, or an A-IoT configuration message.The first apparatus of claim 37, wherein the device request signal does not include an identifier of a second apparatus.The first apparatus of claim 60, wherein:the first message comprises an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) paging message; andthe processing system is further configured to obtain an A-IoT random access message after the A-IoT paging message is output.The first apparatus of claim 61, wherein the A-IoT paging message comprises a second indication that triggers a random access associated with A-IoT device originated autonomous (DO-A) traffic.The first apparatus of claim 61, wherein the A-IoT paging message comprises a second indication of at least one resource associated with A-IoT device originated autonomous (DO-A) traffic.The first apparatus of claim 61, wherein the A-IoT paging message comprises a second indication of at least one other device request resource.The first apparatus of claim 37, wherein the device request signal comprises an identifier of a second apparatus.The first apparatus of claim 65, wherein the identifier of the second apparatus comprises at least one of: a static device identifier, an identifier generated by a reader device, an access stratum (AS) identifier, a product identifier, or an identifier associated with the at least one device request resource.The first apparatus of claim 65, wherein:the first message comprises an ambient Internet-of-Things (A-IoT) paging message or a resource allocation message;the A-IoT paging message or the resource allocation message comprises the identifier of the second apparatus; andthe processing system is further configured to obtain a contention-free A-IoT access message after the A-IoT paging message or the resource allocation message is output.The first apparatus of claim 67, wherein the A-IoT paging message or the resource allocation message comprises a second indication that triggers a contention-free access.The first apparatus of claim 67, wherein the A-IoT paging message or the resource allocation message comprises a second indication of at least one resource associated with A-IoT device originated autonomous (DO-A) traffic.The first apparatus of claim 67, wherein the A-IoT paging message or the resource allocation message comprises a second indication of at least one other device request resource.The first apparatus of claim 37, wherein the device request signal further comprises status information associated with a buffer of a second apparatus, wherein the status information indicates an amount of data to be obtained after the first message is output.The first apparatus of claim 37, further comprising:at least one transceiver configured to transmit the first indication and the first message and receive the device request signal via the at least one device request resource,wherein the first apparatus is configured as a network entity or a user equipment.A method for communication at a wireless node, the method comprising:outputting a first indication of at least one device request resource;obtaining a device request signal on the at least one device request resource; andoutputting a first message comprising a resource allocation after the device request signal is obtained.