Communication method and communication device

Abstract

Provided in the present application are a communication method and a communication device. The method comprises: a terminal device receiving a first message sent by a network device, wherein the first message occupies K first OFDM symbols and / or Q second OFDM symbols, each of the K first OFDM symbols comprises M OOK chips, the K first OFDM symbols comprise L OOK chips, the L OOK chips are used for transmitting L coded bits, the Q second OFDM symbols are used for transmitting a first sequence, and the first sequence is used for indicating that a transmission process of the first message ends, K, M and L all being positive integers greater than or equal to 1, (K-1)*M<L≤K*M, and Q being an integer greater than or equal to 0.

Description

Communication methods and communication equipment Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and more specifically, to a communication method and a communication device. Background Technology

[0002] Some terminal devices (such as ambient internet of things (AIoT) devices) can receive on-off keying (OOK) chips transmitted by certain network devices (such as readers) using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, thereby receiving messages transmitted by the network devices. In this scenario, how to avoid wasting time-domain resources used for message transmission and how to avoid unnecessary data reception are problems that need to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a communication method and a communication device. The various aspects covered by this application are described below.

[0004] In a first aspect, a communication method is provided, comprising: a terminal device receiving a first message sent by a network device, the first message occupying K first OFDM symbols and / or Q second OFDM symbols, each of the K first OFDM symbols including M OOK chips, the K first OFDM symbols including L OOK chips, the L OOK chips being used to transmit L coded bits, the Q second OFDM symbols being used to transmit a first sequence, the first sequence being used to indicate the end of the transmission process of the first message, wherein K, M, and L are all positive integers greater than or equal to 1, and (K-1)*M < L ≤ K*M, and Q is an integer greater than or equal to 0.

[0005] In a second aspect, a communication method is provided, comprising: a network device sending a first message to a terminal device, the first message occupying K first OFDM symbols and / or Q second OFDM symbols, each of the K first OFDM symbols including M OOK chips, the K first OFDM symbols including L OOK chips, the L OOK chips being used to transmit L coded bits, the Q second OFDM symbols being used to transmit a first sequence, the first sequence being used to indicate the end of the transmission process of the first message, wherein K, M, and L are all positive integers greater than or equal to 1, and (K-1)*M < L ≤ K*M, and Q is an integer greater than or equal to 0.

[0006] Thirdly, a communication device is provided, which is a terminal device. The communication device includes: a receiving module for receiving a first message sent by a network device, wherein the first message occupies K first OFDM symbols and / or Q second OFDM symbols, each of the K first OFDM symbols includes M OOK chips, the K first OFDM symbols include L OOK chips, the L OOK chips are used to transmit L coded bits, the Q second OFDM symbols are used to transmit a first sequence, the first sequence is used to indicate the end of the transmission process of the first message, wherein K, M, and L are all positive integers greater than or equal to 1, and (K-1)*M<L≤K*M, and Q is an integer greater than or equal to 0.

[0007] Fourthly, a communication device is provided, which is a network device. The communication device includes: a transmitting module, configured to transmit a first message to a terminal device, wherein the first message occupies K first OFDM symbols and / or Q second OFDM symbols, each of the K first OFDM symbols includes M OOK chips, the K first OFDM symbols include L OOK chips, the L OOK chips are used to transmit L coded bits, the Q second OFDM symbols are used to transmit a first sequence, the first sequence is used to indicate the end of the transmission process of the first message, wherein K, M, and L are all positive integers greater than or equal to 1, and (K-1)*M<L≤K*M, and Q is an integer greater than or equal to 0.

[0008] Fifthly, a communication device is provided, including a transceiver, a memory, and a processor, wherein the memory is used to store a program, the processor is used to invoke the program in the memory, and to control the transceiver to receive or transmit signals so that the communication device performs the method as described in the first or second aspect.

[0009] A sixth aspect provides an apparatus including a processor for calling a program from a memory to cause the apparatus to perform the method as described in the first or second aspect.

[0010] A seventh aspect provides a chip including a processor for calling a program from memory, causing a device on which the chip is mounted to perform the method as described in the first or second aspect.

[0011] Eighthly, a computer-readable storage medium is provided having a program stored thereon that causes a computer to perform the method as described in the first or second aspect.

[0012] Ninth aspect, a computer program product is provided, including a program that causes a computer to perform the method as described in the first or second aspect.

[0013] In a tenth aspect, a computer program is provided that causes a computer to perform the method as described in the first or second aspect.

[0014] This application embodiment introduces a first sequence in the first message sent by the network device to the terminal device. The first sequence can be used to indicate the end of the transmission process of the first message, thereby avoiding unnecessary data reception by the terminal device. Furthermore, in some cases, the first sequence can also be used to fill the first OFDM symbols used for transmitting coded bits in the first message, thereby avoiding waste of time-domain resources during the transmission of the first message. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 is an example architecture diagram of a wireless communication system to which embodiments of this application can be applied.

[0016] Figure 2 is an example diagram of generating OOK waveforms proposed in related technologies.

[0017] Figure 3 shows a table used in related technologies to determine the transport block size (TBS).

[0018] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an OFDM symbol transmission of M bits proposed in related technologies.

[0019] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the waveform generation process of the multi-carrier on-off keying (MC-OOK) proposed in the gate technology.

[0020] Figure 6 is a flowchart illustrating the communication method provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0021] Figure 7 is an example diagram of a first sequence provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0022] Figure 8 is an example diagram of a first sequence provided in another embodiment of this application.

[0023] Figure 9 is an example diagram of a first sequence provided in another embodiment of this application.

[0024] Figure 10 is an example diagram of a first sequence provided in another embodiment of this application.

[0025] Figure 11 is an example diagram of a first sequence provided in another embodiment of this application.

[0026] Figure 12 is an example diagram of a first sequence provided in another embodiment of this application.

[0027] Figure 13 is an example diagram of a first sequence provided in another embodiment of this application.

[0028] Figure 14 is an example diagram of a first sequence provided in another embodiment of this application.

[0029] Figure 15 is a structural example diagram of a communication device provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0030] Figure 16 is a structural example diagram of a communication device provided in another embodiment of this application.

[0031] Figure 17 is a structural example diagram of the device provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions in this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. For ease of understanding, the communication terms and processes that may be involved in the embodiments of this application will first be introduced with reference to Figures 1 to 5.

[0033] Communication system

[0034] The technical solutions of this application embodiment can be applied to various communication systems. For example, the embodiments of this application can be applied to Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Long Term Evolution (LTE), Advanced Long Term Evolution (LTE-A), New Radio (NR), evolution systems of NR, Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN), Wireless Fidelity (WiFi), and 5th-generation (5G) systems. The embodiments of this application can also be applied to other communication systems, such as 6th-generation (6G) mobile communication systems, or future communication systems such as satellite communication systems.

[0035] Traditional communication systems support a limited number of connections and are easy to implement. However, with the development of communication technology, communication systems can support not only traditional cellular communication but also one or more other types of communication. For example, a communication system can support one or more of the following communication methods: device-to-device (D2D) communication, machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, machine-type communication (MTC), enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication. The embodiments of this application can also be applied to communication systems that support the above-mentioned communication methods.

[0036] The communication system in this application embodiment can be applied to carrier aggregation (CA) scenarios, dual connectivity (DC) scenarios, and standalone (SA) network deployment scenarios.

[0037] The communication system in this application embodiment can be applied to unlicensed spectrum. This unlicensed spectrum can also be considered a shared spectrum. Alternatively, the communication system in this application embodiment can also be applied to licensed spectrum. This licensed spectrum can also be considered a dedicated spectrum.

[0038] The technical solutions of this application embodiment can be applied to various Internet of Things (IoT) communication systems. For example, this technical solution can be applied to narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) communication systems. As another example, this technical solution can be applied to ambient IoT (AIoT) communication systems.

[0039] Figure 1 illustrates an example system architecture of a communication system 100 applicable to embodiments of this application. The communication system 100 may include a network device 110 and a terminal device 120. The network device 110 may be a device that communicates with the terminal device 120. The network device 110 can provide network coverage for a specific geographical area and can communicate with the terminal device 120 located within that coverage area. The terminal device 120 can access a network (such as a wireless network) through the network device 110. Optionally, the wireless communication system 100 may also include other network entities such as a network controller and a mobility management entity; this embodiment of the application does not limit this.

[0040] The terminal device in this application embodiment can also be referred to as user equipment (UE), access terminal, user unit, user station, mobile station, mobile station (MS), mobile terminal (MT), remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication device, user agent, or user device. The terminal device in this application embodiment can be a device that provides voice and / or data connectivity to a user, and can be used to connect people, objects, and machines, such as a handheld device with wireless connectivity, vehicle-mounted device, etc. The terminal devices in the embodiments of this application can be mobile phones, tablets, laptops, PDAs, mobile internet devices (MIDs), wearable devices, virtual reality (VR) devices, augmented reality (AR) devices, wireless terminals in industrial control, self-driving, remote medical surgery, smart grids, transportation safety, smart cities, and smart homes, etc. Optionally, the terminal device can act as a base station. For example, the terminal device can act as a scheduling entity, providing sidelink signals between terminal devices in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) or device-to-device (D2D) systems. For instance, cellular phones and cars communicate with each other using sidelink signals. Cellular phones and smart home devices communicate without relaying communication signals through base stations.

[0041] In some embodiments, the terminal device may also be an AIoT device to meet the needs of certain scenarios.

[0042] The network device in this application embodiment can also be an access network device or a radio access network device, such as a base station. The network device in this application embodiment can refer to a radio access network (RAN) node or device that connects a terminal device to a wireless network. A base station can broadly encompass, or be replaced by, various names including: NodeB, evolved NodeB (eNB), next-generation NodeB (gNB), relay station, transmitting and receiving point (TRP), transmitting point (TP), master station (MeNB), secondary station (SeNB), multi-mode radio (MSR) node, home base station, network controller, access node, wireless node, access point (AP), transmission node, transceiver node, baseband unit (BBU), remote radio unit (RRU), active antenna unit (AAU), remote radio head (RRH), central unit (CU), distributed unit (DU), positioning node, etc. A base station can be a macro base station, micro base station, relay node, donor node, or similar entities, or combinations thereof. A base station can also refer to a communication module, modem, or chip installed within the aforementioned equipment or apparatus. Base stations can also be mobile switching centers, devices that perform base station functions in device-to-device (D2D), V2X, and M2M communications, network-side devices in 6G networks, and devices that perform base station functions in future communication systems. Base stations can support networks with the same or different access technologies. The embodiments of this application do not limit the specific technologies or device forms used in the network equipment.

[0043] Base stations can be fixed or mobile. For example, a helicopter or drone can be configured to act as a mobile base station, and one or more cells can move depending on the location of the mobile base station. In other examples, a helicopter or drone can be configured as a device to communicate with another base station.

[0044] In some deployments, the network device in this application embodiment may refer to a CU or a DU; or, the network device may include both a CU and a DU. The gNB may also include an AAU.

[0045] Network devices and terminal devices can be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, handheld or vehicle-mounted; they can also be deployed on water; and they can also be deployed in the air on airplanes, balloons, and satellites. This application does not limit the scenario in which the network devices and terminal devices are located.

[0046] It should be understood that all or part of the functions of the communication device in this application can also be implemented by software functions running on hardware, or by virtualization functions instantiated on a platform such as a cloud platform.

[0047] Figure 1 illustrates an exemplary network device 110 and two terminal devices 120. Optionally, the communication system 100 may include multiple network devices 110, and the communication system 100 may also include other numbers of terminal devices 120.

[0048] It should be understood that devices with communication functions in the network / system of this application embodiment can be referred to as communication devices. Taking the communication system 100 shown in FIG1 as an example, the communication device may include a network device 110 and a terminal device 120 with communication functions. The network device 110 and the terminal device 120 can be the specific devices described above, which will not be repeated here. The communication device may also include other devices in the communication system 100, such as network controllers, mobility management entities, and other network entities. This application embodiment does not limit this.

[0049] Low-power IoT based on cellular networks

[0050] Cellular IoT technologies are booming, with initiatives like the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standardizing technologies such as NB-IoT, machine-type communication (MTC), and reduced capability (RedCap). However, many IoT communication needs in various scenarios remain unmet, for example:

[0051] First, the harsh communication environment

[0052] Some IoT scenarios may face extreme environments such as high temperatures, extremely low temperatures, high humidity, high pressure, high radiation, or high-speed movement. Examples include ultra-high-voltage substations, high-speed train track monitoring, environmental monitoring in frigid regions, and industrial production lines. In these scenarios, existing IoT terminals will be unable to function due to the limitations of conventional power supplies. Furthermore, extreme working environments are also detrimental to IoT maintenance, such as battery replacement.

[0053] Second, the need for extremely small terminal form factors.

[0054] In certain IoT communication scenarios, such as food traceability, commodity distribution, and smart wearables, terminals require extremely small sizes for convenient use in these environments. For example, IoT terminals used for commodity management in the distribution process typically use electronic tags, embedded in very small packages. Furthermore, lightweight wearable devices can enhance the user experience while meeting user needs.

[0055] Third, the need for extremely low-cost IoT communication.

[0056] Numerous IoT communication scenarios require IoT terminals to be sufficiently inexpensive to enhance their competitiveness compared to other alternative technologies. For example, in logistics or warehousing scenarios, to facilitate the management of large quantities of goods in circulation, IoT terminals can be attached to each item, enabling precise management of the entire logistics process and lifecycle through communication between the terminal and the logistics network. These scenarios necessitate that IoT terminals be priced competitively.

[0057] With the increasing application of 5G in various industries, the types of connected devices and application scenarios are also increasing, which will place higher demands on the price and power consumption of communication terminals. The application of battery-free, low-cost passive IoT devices has become a key technology for cellular IoT, enriching the types and number of terminals connected by 5G networks and truly realizing the Internet of Everything.

[0058] Passive IoT, also known as ambient power enabled IoT (AIoT), refers to devices powered by various forms of environmental energy, such as radio frequency energy, light energy, solar energy, thermal energy, and mechanical energy. These devices may lack energy storage capabilities or possess very limited energy storage capacity (e.g., using capacitors with a capacitance of tens of microseconds). Compared to other IoT devices, AIoT devices offer numerous advantages, including no need for conventional batteries, maintenance-free operation, small size, low complexity and low cost, and long lifespan. AIoT devices can be widely applied across various industries, such as logistics, smart warehousing, smart agriculture, energy and power, and the industrial internet. They can also be used in personal applications such as smart wearables and smart homes.

[0059] Based on the discussion of AIoT application scenarios in 3GPP SA1, AIoT devices can be used in at least the following four scenarios:

[0060] Scenario 1: Object recognition, such as logistics, production line product management, and supply chain management;

[0061] Scenario 2: Environmental monitoring, such as monitoring of temperature, humidity, and harmful gases in the work environment and natural environment;

[0062] Scenario 3: Location services, such as indoor positioning, smart item finding, and production line item location.

[0063] Scenario 4: Intelligent control, such as the intelligent control of various electrical appliances in smart homes (turning on and off air conditioners, adjusting temperature), and the intelligent control of various facilities in agricultural greenhouses (automatic irrigation, fertilization).

[0064] AIoT devices

[0065] In NR and WiFi systems, the battery-free and low-cost nature of devices enables the low-cost, mass deployment and maintenance-free operation of IoT devices. Current research focuses on how to support ambient energy-based IoT devices in NR and WiFi systems. Ambient energy-based IoT devices can be called AIoT devices or AMP IoT devices. The energy required for operation of ambient energy-based IoT devices comes from harvested ambient energy, which can be wireless signals, solar energy, thermal energy, etc.

[0066] Research projects on AIoT devices were conducted in 3GPP RAN, which broadly categorized AIoT devices into three types (represented by Device A, Device B, and Device C). Each type of AIoT device possesses corresponding complexity and communication capabilities.

[0067] Device A: It does not have energy storage capacity and cannot transmit independent signals; that is, it uses a backscattering transmission method.

[0068] Device B: It has energy storage capacity but cannot transmit independent signals. It uses a backscatter transmission method and can use the stored energy to amplify the backscatter signal.

[0069] Device C: It has energy storage capacity and is capable of sending independent signals, i.e., it has active transmission capability.

[0070] Of the three types of AIoT devices mentioned above, device A has the lowest complexity and power consumption, as low as 1μW, but its communication distance is limited, typically only a few meters. Device A requires a network device to provide a carrier signal for backscattering transmission. Device C generally has a large-capacity capacitor to store energy from the environment, with power consumption reaching several hundred μW. It can support active signal transmission and has a longer communication distance. Because device C can actively transmit, it does not require a network device to provide a carrier signal. Device B's complexity and power consumption fall between those of devices A and C.

[0071] In addition, AIoT devices can support various types of environmental energy harvesting, such as radio frequency (RF), solar, thermal, and mechanical energy. Among these, AIoT devices based on RF energy harvesting may require network equipment to provide RF power signals.

[0072] Classification of AIoT devices

[0073] Based on the energy source and energy usage of AIoT devices, AIoT devices can be divided into three categories: passive AIoT devices, semi-passive AIoT devices, and active AIoT devices.

[0074] (1) Passive AIoT devices

[0075] Passive AIoT devices typically do not require internal batteries. When a passive AIoT device approaches a network device or a nearby wirelessly powered device, it falls within the near-field range of the antenna radiation from that device. Therefore, the antenna of the passive AIoT device can generate an induced current through electromagnetic induction. This induced current drives the low-power chip circuitry of the passive AIoT device, providing it with power. This method enables demodulation of forward link signals and modulation of backward link signals. For backscatter links, passive AIoT devices can use backscatter or low-power active transmission communication methods to transmit signals.

[0076] As can be seen from the above introduction, passive AIoT devices do not require built-in batteries to drive either the forward link transmission process or the backward link transmission process, making them a true AIoT device.

[0077] Passive AIoT devices do not require batteries, and their radio frequency and baseband circuits are very simple. For example, passive AIoT devices do not require components such as low noise amplifiers (LNAs), power amplifiers (PAs), crystal oscillators, and analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), thus having many advantages such as small size, light weight, very low price, and long lifespan.

[0078] Passive AIoT devices can also support other energy harvesting methods. By harvesting energy from the environment (such as light energy, heat energy, kinetic energy, mechanical energy, etc.), they can obtain energy to drive the circuit and support communication of the terminal device.

[0079] (2) Semi-passive AIoT devices

[0080] Semi-passive AIoT devices do not have conventional batteries installed, but they can use radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting modules to harvest energy from radio waves or from the environment (such as solar energy, thermal energy, and mechanical vibration energy). Furthermore, semi-passive AIoT devices can store the harvested energy in an energy storage unit (such as a capacitor). Once the energy storage unit receives energy, it can drive the low-power chip circuitry of the AIoT device, thereby enabling demodulation of forward link signals and modulation of backward link signals. For the backward link, the AIoT device uses backscattering or low-power active transmission communication methods to transmit signals.

[0081] As can be seen from the above introduction, semi-passive AIoT devices do not require built-in batteries to drive either the forward link transmission process or the backward link transmission process. Although they use energy stored in capacitors during operation, the energy comes from the radio energy collected by the energy harvesting module, so they are also a true AIoT device.

[0082] It is evident that semi-passive AIoT devices inherit many advantages from passive AIoT devices, including small size, light weight, very low price, and long service life.

[0083] (3) Active AIoT devices

[0084] In some scenarios, AIoT devices can also be active AIoT devices. Active AIoT devices can have built-in batteries. The battery powers the low-power chip circuitry of the AIoT device, enabling demodulation of forward link signals and modulation of backward link signals. However, for the backscatter link, the AIoT device uses backscattering or active transmission to transmit signals. Although active AIoT devices have built-in batteries, their extremely low power consumption and complexity allow for smaller capacity batteries, resulting in lower cost and size. The built-in battery can also serve as an energy storage unit. This unit stores ambient energy harvested by the energy harvesting module, enabling longer maintenance cycles or even maintenance-free operation.

[0085] Active AIoT devices can be powered by built-in batteries, increasing their communication range and improving communication reliability. Therefore, active AIoT devices can be applied to scenarios with relatively high requirements for communication range and read latency.

[0086] As can be seen from the above description, some AIoT devices, such as semi-passive AIoT devices or active AIoT devices, can have the ability to actively transmit. That is, in addition to communicating through backscattering, the backlink can also communicate through active transmission.

[0087] In addition to classifying AIoT devices based on their energy source and usage, they can also be classified based on transmitter type. Based on transmitter type, AIoT devices can be divided into three categories: AIoT devices based on backscattering, AIoT devices based on active transmitters, and AIoT devices that possess both backscattering and active transmitter capabilities.

[0088] (1) AIoT devices based on backscattering

[0089] Backscatter-based AIoT devices transmit uplink data using the backscattering method described above. These devices do not have an active transmitter; they only have a backscattering transmitter. Therefore, when these devices transmit data, they require a carrier wave provided by a network device or a third-party device. These devices then perform backscattering based on the carrier wave to achieve data transmission.

[0090] (2) AIoT devices based on active transmitters

[0091] Active transmitter-based AIoT devices use active transmitters with active transmission capabilities for uplink data transmission. These devices can send data using their own active transmitters without requiring a carrier wave from a network device. Suitable active transmitters for AIoT devices include, for example, ultra-low-power ASK transmitters and ultra-low-power FSK transmitters. Based on current implementations, these transmitters can reduce overall power consumption to 400–600 µW when transmitting a 100 µW signal.

[0092] (3) AIoT devices that simultaneously possess backscatter and active transmitter capabilities

[0093] AIoT devices that possess both backscatter and active transmitter capabilities can support either method. These devices can determine which uplink signal transmission method to use based on various factors (such as battery level and available ambient energy) or network scheduling: whether to use backscatter or an active transmitter for proactive transmission.

[0094] As can be seen from the above description, AIoT devices can obtain energy for communication by harvesting ambient energy. AIoT devices can harvest energy from sources such as radio frequency energy, solar energy, thermal energy, and mechanical energy. Compared to traditional terminals with batteries, the communication capabilities of AIoT devices may be affected by their state of energy.

[0095] As can be seen from the above description, AIoT devices have a simple structure, low complexity, and low cost, making them promising for large-scale, high-density deployment. They support energy harvesting from the environment to obtain energy for communication. Regarding communication methods, AIoT devices can support only backscatter communication (with or without energy storage capabilities). Alternatively, they can support only low-power active transmission communication. Or, they can support both backscatter and low-power active transmission communication methods simultaneously.

[0096] Research progress of AIoT in 3GPP R19

[0097] In the 3GPP AIoT study item (SI) phase, the overall goal is to research a unified air interface design, minimizing differences (if necessary), to support the following two types of devices:

[0098] Type 1 devices: peak power consumption of approximately 1uW, with energy storage capacity up to 10 x The initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) of ppm has no amplifier for both downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) transmissions, and the device's UL transmission is backscattered on an externally provided carrier.

[0099] Type 2 devices: peak power consumption less than several hundred uW, with energy storage capacity, up to 10 x The initial sampling frequency offset of ppm can be achieved using an amplifier for DL ​​and / or UL transmissions. The UL transmission of the device can be generated internally (actively transmitted) or backscattered on an externally provided carrier.

[0100] Of the two types of devices, Type 1 devices have lower peak power consumption than Type 2 devices. Type 1 devices use backscatter communication for UL transmission, a compromise between devices A and B in the RAN study report (capable of energy storage but unable to amplify the signal). Type 2 devices have higher peak power consumption, and their UL transmission can use either active transmission or backscatter communication. When using active transmission, Type 2 devices are similar to device C in the RAN study report. When using backscatter communication, Type 2 devices are similar to device B in the RAN study report.

[0101] R19 discusses services for AIoT such as device-terminated (DT), device-originated (DO), device-originated-autonomous (DO-A), and trigger-based device-initiated-terminated-triggered (DO-DTT). The business characteristics of these services are described below.

[0102] DO (Distribution and Delivery) services are communications initiated by terminal devices. For AIoT devices, this involves the transmission of signaling or data from the AIoT device to network devices and / or intermediate node devices (which can be initiated proactively or triggered). DO services can include, for example, data reporting and data transmission by AIoT devices.

[0103] DT (Data Transmission) services are communication interrupted by the terminal device. For AIoT devices, this involves network devices and / or intermediate nodes sending signaling or data to the AIoT device. DT services can be, for example, based on the controller of the AIoT device, where the network device sends control signaling to the AIoT device, and the AIoT device correspondingly performs operations (the network device controls and switches the smart device on and off).

[0104] DO-A services are communications initiated autonomously by the terminal device. DO-A services can be considered a type of DO service. For example, a DO-A service could be an alarm.

[0105] DO-DTT services are communications triggered by network devices, initiated by terminal devices, and terminated by terminal devices. Examples of DO-DTT services include asset inventory management.

[0106] After the SI phase concluded, 3GPP reached the following conclusions regarding the following aspects of AIoT.

[0107] (1) Reader-to-Device (R2D) waveform, modulation, and numbering.

[0108] Starting with the definition in TR38.869[4], an OFDM-based OOK waveform with a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz was studied for R2D, where OOK-1 is used for the transmission of single-chip OFDM symbols and OOK-4 is used for the transmission of M-chip OFDM symbols. For this waveform, from the reader's perspective, it is assumed that the start of R2D transmission is aligned with the boundary of the NR OFDM symbol (including the cyclic prefix, CP) used for in-band or guard-band operation. Both CP-OFDM and DFT-s-OFDM are feasible for generating this waveform. For the case of M=1, i.e., using OOK-1 or OOK-4 for the transmission of single-chip OFDM symbols, both CP-OFDM and DFT-s-OFDM are feasible. For the case where M>1, i.e., using OOK-4 to transmit OFDM symbols comprising M chips, DFT-s-OFDM is feasible. For the generation of R2D waveforms using a DFT-s-OFDM-based transmitter, from the transmitter's perspective, padding can be used at least when the number of chips used for R2D transmission does not completely occupy the last OFDM symbol.

[0109] (2) R2D end timing

[0110] To determine or deduce the end of a physical random access channel (PRDCH) transmission, the following options need to be examined:

[0111] Option 1: Transport block size (TBS) information obtained through implicit or explicit L1 R2D control information;

[0112] Option 2: Postamble at the end of PRDCH.

[0113] (3) Device to reader (D2R) end time

[0114] To enable the reader to detect the end of the PDRCH transmission, consider the following options:

[0115] Option 1: The D2R suffix immediately follows the PDRCH;

[0116] Option 2: Based on control information.

[0117] (4) Trade-offs analysis

[0118] This study analyzed the trade-offs between the following D2R code (amble) options:

[0119] Option 1: D2R preamble only

[0120] Option 2: D2R preamble + X relay codes (midamble), where X is greater than or equal to 1

[0121] Option 3: D2R preamble + postcode

[0122] Option 4: D2R preamble + Y relay codes + suffix, where Y is greater than or equal to 1.

[0123] (5) OOK-4 waveform

[0124] In the 3GPP Rel-18 low-power wake-up signal / wake-up receiver (LP-WUS / WUR) research project, the OOK waveform was studied. Among them, a waveform design scheme based on transmitting an M-bit OOK symbol with one OFDM symbol was studied, as shown in Figure 2.

[0125] Referring to Figure 2, for the generation of the MC-ASK waveform, K is the size of the inverse fast fourier transform (IFFT) of CP-OFDMA, and N is the number of subcarriers (SCs) used by LP-WUS, including the potential guard band.

[0126] Option OOK-4: Transform the M-bit OOK symbol in the time domain.

[0127] Generate N SCs of OOK-1 using transformation (DFT or least squares);

[0128] The sample is generated from M bits;

[0129] Signal modulation can be used or not;

[0130] Truncation or other additional modulation can be used or not; if not used, N is the same as N'.

[0131] N' can be the same as K.

[0132] According to current 3GPP research on Ambient IoT, when network devices and AIoT devices communicate, it is necessary to determine the ending timing of R2D and D2R.

[0133] Determining TBS in 3GPP

[0134] Based on the network device's resources and data transmission configuration, the UE first determines the total number of resource elements (REs) used for transmitting data information (allocated to the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH)): N RE =min(156,N) ′RE )·n PRB

[0135] Where, n PRB It is the total number of physical resource blocks (PRBs) allocated to the UE.

[0136] Then, based on the configuration of code rate, modulation order, layers, etc., the number of information bits N to be transmitted is determined. info .

[0137] Unquantified intermediate variable N info N is obtained through the following formula: info =N RE ·R·Q m ·v

[0138] When N info When N' is ≤3824, it is quantized in the following way. info : in,

[0139] Then, from the TBS table, select the closest value that is not less than N. info The values ​​of TBS are shown in Figure 3.

[0140] When N info When the value is greater than 3824, N′ is obtained by quantization using the following method. info : in If a number that needs to be rounded is exactly in the middle of two integers (i.e., the decimal part is 0.5), then the number will be rounded to the next largest integer.

[0141] If R ≤ 1 / 4, in

[0142] otherwise:

[0143] If N ′info >8424,

[0144] otherwise,

[0145] Transmission of the OOK symbol

[0146] In Ambient IoT, R2D transmission will use the OOK-4 waveform, supporting the transmission of M OOK symbols in one OFDM symbol. Pre-transformation processing is required based on the M OOK symbols transmitted in one OFDM symbol before mapping the frequency domain subcarrier coefficients.

[0147] As shown in Figure 4, related technologies typically use one OFDM symbol to transmit M OOK symbols. However, in actual transmission, the encoded bits are not always an integer multiple of M. In this case, within the last group of less than M bits, the number of bits is less than M, meaning the number of valid OOK symbols to be transmitted in one OFDM signal is less than M. Therefore, determining the coefficients of the allocated frequency-domain subcarriers to generate the time-domain OOK waveform is a technical problem that needs to be solved.

[0148] The related technology proposes that when the reader transmits a signal, it can first determine the number of OOK symbols that one OFDM symbol can transmit based on the value of M. Then, it can generate OFDM symbols from a bit sequence of length L, with each M bit being modulated. When generating the OFDM symbol, the subcarrier coefficients corresponding to the subcarriers in the allocated frequency domain are determined.

[0149] The MC-OOK signal in the time domain is generated based on the assigned subcarriers and determined coefficients.

[0150] As shown in Figure 5, the length is K. info The information bits are first encoded by an encoder to obtain a length of L. codebit The encoded bits. Since each OFDM symbol transmits M OOK symbols, it is necessary to encode the bits of length L. codebit The encoded bits are grouped into sets of M bits each. Based on the values ​​of each set of M bits, subcarrier coefficients are determined using a pre-transformation method. Waveforms are generated on the allocated N subcarriers according to the determined subcarrier coefficients, resulting in time-domain waveforms of M OOK symbols.

[0151] Since the R2D transmission is MC-OOK modulation based on an OFDM system, and the minimum unit transmitted by the reader is an OFDM symbol, if the L bits to be modulated are not an integer multiple of M, there will be a situation where the last OFDM symbol is not fully transmitted. For example, if the number of bits to be transmitted in the last OFDM symbol is N < M, then when the OFDM symbol can transmit M bits, only N bits are transmitted, resulting in a waste of time-domain resources.

[0152] In addition, during R2D transmission, M OOK symbols are transmitted within each OFDM symbol. When the terminal device receives the R2D message, it needs to be able to determine the end of the R2D transmission to avoid unnecessary data reception.

[0153] In summary, some terminal devices (such as AIoT devices) can receive the on-off keying (OOK) chips transmitted by some network devices (such as readers) using OFDM symbols, so as to receive the messages transmitted by the network devices. In this scenario, how to avoid wasting the time-domain resources used for message transmission and how to avoid unnecessary data reception are technical problems that need to be solved.

[0154] To solve the above technical problems, in the first message sent by the network device to the terminal device in the embodiments of this application, a first sequence is introduced. The first sequence can be used to indicate the end of the transmission process of the first message, so as to avoid unnecessary data reception by the terminal device. In addition, in some cases, the first sequence can also be used to fill the first OFDM symbol occupied by the first message for transmitting coded bits, so as to avoid wasting time-domain resources during the transmission of the first message.

[0155] The embodiments of this application will be introduced in detail below. FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of the communication method provided by the embodiments of this application.

[0156] As shown in FIG. 6, in step S610, the terminal device receives the first message sent by the network device.

[0157] The network device here can be the reader mentioned above. The terminal device here can be the AIoT device mentioned above. For a more detailed introduction to the reader and the AIoT device, reference can be made to the relevant parts described above, which will not be elaborated here. The terminal device can receive the first message sent by the network device. The embodiments of this application do not specifically limit the type of the first message. The first message may include the coded bits mentioned below. The first message may also include the first sequence mentioned below. When the network device is a reader and the terminal device is an AIoT device, the first message may also be referred to as an R2D message or an R2D signal, and the transmission process of the first message may also be referred to as R2D transmission. The network device can transmit the first message using OFDM symbols. Therefore, the first message may also be referred to as an OFDM signal.

[0158] The first message can occupy K first OFDM symbols, where K is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. Each of these K first OFDM symbols can include M OOK chips, where M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. Here, OOK chips can be understood as OOK symbols. The time-domain length of a first OFDM symbol can be represented by the number M of OOK chips included in each first OFDM. The time-domain length of a first OFDM symbol can also be called its duration. Since each of the K first OFDM symbols can include M OOK chips, the K first OFDM symbols can include a total of K*M chips.

[0159] The K*M chips may include L OOK chips for transmitting coded bits, where L is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. Each OOK chip can be used to transmit one coded bit, and the L OOK chips included in the K first OFDM symbols can be used to transmit L coded bits. Here, "coded bit" can be understood as the encoded bit. "Coded bit" can include or be replaced by "bit to be modulated" or "bit sequence to be modulated". "L" can be understood as the length of the K first OFDM symbols, or the length of the bit to be modulated or the bit sequence to be modulated. A first OFDM symbol can be understood as an OFDM symbol used to transmit coded bits, or an OFDM symbol used to transmit data. The first OFDM symbol can be referred to as the data portion of the first message.

[0160] In some cases, all OOK symbols included in the K first OFDM symbols can be used entirely for transmitting coded bits. In this case, L = K*M. In other cases, all OOK symbols included in the first (K-1) first OFDM symbols can be used for transmitting coded bits, and the OOK symbols included in the last first OFDM symbol can be partially used for transmitting coded bits. "The last first OFDM symbol of the K first OFDM symbols" can be understood as the last first OFDM symbol in the time domain among the K first OFDM symbols. In this case, (K-1)*M < L < K*M. Therefore, the range of L is (K-1)*M < L ≤ K*M. In this case, the last first OFDM symbol can include not only the OOK chips used for transmitting coded bits, but also the remaining OOK chips not used for transmitting coded bits. The number of remaining OOK chips can be determined based on the time domain length of the first OFDM symbols and the number of OOK chips used for transmitting coded bits in the last first OFDM symbol. The remaining OOK chips here can be used to transmit the first sequence mentioned below.

[0161] The first message may also occupy Q second OFDM symbols, where Q is an integer greater than or equal to 0. These Q second OFDM symbols can be used to transmit the first sequence. The second OFDM symbols can be understood as OFDM symbols used to transmit the first sequence. The first sequence here can be used to indicate the end of the transmission process of the first message. "The first sequence is used to indicate the end of the transmission process of the first message" can include or be replaced with: "The first sequence is used to indicate the end time of the first message"; or "The first sequence is used to indicate the end time of the first message". That is, based on the first sequence, the terminal device can determine the end of the transmission process of the first message. In an R2D scenario, the first sequence can be used to indicate the end of the R2D transmission process, or the end time of the R2D transmission. This application does not specifically limit the type of the first sequence. In some cases, the first sequence can be transmitted using one or more OOK chips. In this case, it can be said that the first sequence corresponds to one or more OOK chips.

[0162] In some implementations, the Q second OFDM symbols can be used to transmit the entire sequence in the first sequence. For example, when all K*M OOK symbols included in the K first OFDM symbols are used to transmit coded bits, the entire first sequence is carried in the Q second OFDM symbols. In other implementations, the Q second OFDM symbols can be used to transmit a portion of the first sequence. For example, when the OOK symbol portion of the last first OFDM symbol in the K first OFDM symbols is used to transmit coded bits, a portion of the first sequence is carried in the Q second OFDM symbols, and another portion of the first sequence is carried in the remaining OOK chips of the last first OFDM symbol.

[0163] Generally, during the transmission of the first message, the encoded bits are transmitted first, followed by the first sequence. Therefore, the first sequence can also be called the postamble or postamble sequence, and the second OFDM symbol can be called the OFDM symbol used to transmit the postamble.

[0164] As can be seen from the above description of step S610, this embodiment introduces a second OFDM symbol into the OFDM symbol occupied by the first message sent by the network device to the terminal device. The second OFDM symbol can be used to transmit a first sequence, which can be used to indicate the end of the transmission process of the first message. The first sequence can be used to fill the OFDM symbol occupied by the first message or to identify the end of the transmission process of the first message. By introducing a first sequence with flexible length, the waste of time domain resources can be avoided, and unnecessary data reception by the terminal device can be avoided.

[0165] As mentioned earlier, in some cases, among the K first OFDM symbols, the last first OFDM symbol includes a subset of OOK chips used to transmit coded bits, while the remaining subset can be used to transmit the first sequence. For ease of description, assume that the last first OFDM symbol among the K first OFDM symbols includes P OOK chips used to transmit the first sequence. These P OOK chips can be understood as the "remaining OOK chips in the last first OFDM symbol" mentioned above. The value of P can be determined based on the number K of the first OFDM symbols included in the first message, the time-domain length M of the first OFDM symbols, and the total number L of OOK chips used to transmit coded bits in the K first OFDM symbols. Since the K first OFDM symbols can include a total of K*M OOK chips, with L OOK chips used to transmit L coded bits, the remaining number of OOK chips used to transmit the first sequence is P = K*ML.

[0166] The P OOK chips here can refer to the last P OOK chips of the last first OFDM symbol. "The last P OOK chips of the last first OFDM symbol" can be understood as the last P OOK chips in the time domain among the OOK chips included in the last first OFDM symbol. These P OOK chips can be used to transmit at least a portion of the sequence in the first sequence. As described above, the number Q of the second OFDM symbols occupied by the first message is greater than or equal to 0, and the number P of the OOK chips used to transmit the first sequence included in the last first OFDM symbol of the K first OFDM symbols is greater than or equal to 0. When the values ​​of P and Q are different, the way the first sequence is carried in the first message is different. The following describes the way the first sequence is carried in the first message for different values ​​of P and Q.

[0167] In some implementations, Q = 0 and P = 0 (i.e., the bit sequence L to be modulated is an integer multiple of M). In this implementation, the first message does not occupy a second OFDM symbol, and all OOK chips included in the K first OFDM symbols occupied by the first message are used to transmit coded bits. That is, there are no resources used to transmit the first sequence. Therefore, in this implementation, the first message may not be used to transmit the first sequence. In this implementation, since all OOK chips included in the first OFDM symbols are used to transmit coded bits, the waste of time-domain resources is avoided. Furthermore, in this implementation, since no second OFDM symbols are introduced for transmitting the first sequence, no additional OFDM symbol overhead is introduced.

[0168] In some implementations, Q = 0, P > 0 (i.e., the bit sequence L to be modulated is not an integer multiple of M). Referring to Figures 7 to 10, in this implementation, the first message does not occupy a second OFDM symbol, and the last of the K first OFDM symbols occupied by the first message includes P OOK chips for transmitting the first sequence. Since the entire sequence in the first sequence is transmitted by the P OOK chips included in the last first OFDM symbol, the length of the time-domain resource corresponding to the first sequence is equal to the length of the time-domain resource corresponding to the P OOK chips. "The length of the time-domain resource corresponding to the first sequence" can be understood as: the length of the time-domain resource occupied by the first sequence, or the length of the time-domain resource used to transmit the first sequence. Here, the length of the time-domain resource can be understood as the duration of the time-domain resource. In some cases, the length of the time-domain resource corresponding to the first sequence can be represented by the number of OOK chips corresponding to the first sequence. In this implementation, it's equivalent to introducing P OOK chips at the end of the last first OFDM symbol to pad it, thus avoiding waste of time-domain resources. These P OOK chips can be used to transmit the first sequence, and the terminal device can identify the end of the first message transmission process based on the first sequence, thereby avoiding unnecessary data reception. Furthermore, since no second OFDM symbol is introduced in this implementation, no additional OFDM symbol overhead is introduced. Figure 7 will be used as an example below for illustration.

[0169] In the example shown in Figure 7, the first message does not occupy a second OFDM symbol (Q = 0). Each of the K first OFDM symbols occupied by the first message includes 8 OOK chips (M = 8). Of the 8 OOK chips in the last first OFDM symbol, the first 6 OOK chips are used to transmit coded bits, and the last 2 OOK chips are used to transmit the postcode (P = 2). The time-domain resource corresponding to the postcode has a length of 2 OOK chips.

[0170] In other implementations, Q > 0, P = 0 (i.e., the bit sequence L to be modulated is an integer multiple of M). In this implementation, the first message occupies Q second OFDM symbols for transmitting the first sequence, and all OOK symbols included in the K first OFDM symbols occupied by the first message are used to transmit coded bits. That is, all OOK symbols included in the K first OFDM symbols are not used to transmit the first sequence. In this implementation, the entire first sequence is carried in the Q second OFDM symbols. Or, the first sequence is transmitted only in the second OFDM symbols. In this implementation, Q second OFDM symbols are fixedly introduced for transmitting the first sequence. Based on the first sequence, the terminal device can identify the end of the transmission process of the first message, thereby avoiding unnecessary data reception.

[0171] In some implementations, Q > 0, P > 0 (i.e., the bit sequence L to be modulated is not an integer multiple of M). Referring to Figures 11 to 14, in this implementation, the first message occupies Q second OFDM symbols for transmitting the first sequence, and the last of the K first OFDM symbols occupied by the first message includes P OOK chips for transmitting the first sequence. Both the Q second OFDM symbols and the P OOK chips included in the last first OFDM symbol can be used to transmit the first sequence. Therefore, a portion of the first sequence can be carried in these P OOK chips, and another portion can be carried in the Q second OFDM symbols. In this implementation, it is equivalent to introducing P OOK chips at the end of the last first OFDM symbol to pad it, thus avoiding the waste of time-domain resources. In this implementation, Q second OFDM symbols are also fixedly introduced. These Q second OFDM symbols, together with P OOK chips from the last first OFDM symbol, can be used to transmit the first sequence. The terminal device can identify the end of the transmission process of the first message based on the first sequence, thereby avoiding unnecessary data reception. Figure 11 is used as an example for illustration below.

[0172] In the example shown in Figure 11, the first message occupies one second OFDM symbol (Q = 1), which is used to transmit a portion of the postcode. Each of the K first OFDM symbols occupied by the first message includes 8 OOK chips (M = 8). Of the 8 OOK chips included in the last first OFDM symbol, the first 6 OOK chips are used to transmit coded bits, and the last 2 OOK chips are used to transmit another portion of the postcode (P = 2).

[0173] The above describes how the first sequence is carried in the first message. The following describes how the first sequence is determined.

[0174] This application provides two implementation methods for determining the first sequence. In the first implementation method, the value of the first sequence can be determined based on the values ​​of the first N OOK chips of the last first OFDM symbol of the K first OFDM symbols. In the second implementation method, the first sequence can be determined based on predefined information or indication information from the network device. These two implementation methods will be described in detail below.

[0175] Implementation Method 1: Determine the value of the first sequence based on the values ​​of the first N OOK chips of the last first OFDM symbol among the K first OFDM symbols.

[0176] The N OOK chips here can be understood as the first N OOK chips of the last first OFDM symbol. "The first N OOK chips of the last first OFDM symbol" can be understood as the first N OOK chips in the time domain of the last first OFDM symbol. That is, among the M OOK chips included in the last first OFDM symbol, these N OOK chips are relatively early in the time domain. During the transmission of the last first OFDM symbol, these N OOK chips are transmitted first, followed by the remaining OOK chips from the M OOK chips, excluding these N OOK chips. The N OOK chips here can be understood as the OOK chips in the last first OFDM symbol used for transmitting coded bits, or the chips in the last first OFDM symbol not used for transmitting the first sequence. These N OOK chips can be used to transmit at least a portion of the L coded bits mentioned earlier. When the first message occupies one first OFDM symbol (K=1), the last first OFDM symbol represents all the first OFDM symbols occupied by the first message. In this case, the N OOK chips are used to transmit all the coded bits out of the L coded bits. When the first message occupies at least two first OFDM symbols (K>1), the first message occupies other first OFDM symbols besides the last one. In this case, the N OOK chips are used to transmit a portion of the coded bits out of the L coded bits. The value of N can be determined based on the number of first OFDM symbols K occupied by the first message, the number of OOK chips M included in each first OFDM symbol, and the total number of coded bits L transmitted by the K first OFDM symbols. That is, N = L + MK * M. The value of the first sequence can be related to the values ​​of the N OOK chips. The value of the first sequence can be determined based on the values ​​of the N OOK chips.

[0177] Optionally, in some embodiments, the value of the first sequence can be related to the value of the first OOK chip (or the first OOK symbol, which can be the first OOK symbol other than CP) among the N OOK chips. That is, the first OOK chip among the last of the K first OFDM symbols can be used as the reference OOK chip or reference OOK chip for the first sequence. The value of the first sequence can be determined based on the value of the first OOK chip among the last of the K first OFDM symbols. For example, the value of each OOK chip in the first sequence can be equal to the value of the first OOK chip among the N OOK chips. When the value of each OOK chip in the first sequence can be equal to the value of the first OOK chip among the N OOK chips, rising or falling edges in the CP section can be avoided. That is, no additional rising or falling edges will be detected in the CP section. Furthermore, since each OOK chip in the first sequence has the same value (equal to the value of the first OOK chip among N OOK chips), this violates the Manchester encoding principle. In other words, because the first sequence has characteristics different from the L encoded bits, it can easily indicate the end of the first message transmission process, allowing the terminal device to easily identify the end of the first message transmission process and better avoid unnecessary data reception.

[0178] As a concrete example, as shown in Figure 8, the first message occupies the first OFDM symbol but not the second OFDM symbol. Each first OFDM symbol includes 8 OOK chips (M=8). In the last first OFDM symbol, 6 OOK chips are used to transmit coded bits, and 2 OOK chips are used to transmit the postcode. Since the first OOK chip of the last first OFDM symbol is high, the reference OOK chip for the postcode is also high. Therefore, both OOK chips used to transmit the postcode are high.

[0179] As another concrete example, as shown in Figure 12, the first message occupies a first OFDM symbol and a second OFDM symbol. Each first OFDM symbol includes 8 OOK chips (M=8). In the last first OFDM symbol, 6 OOK chips are used to transmit coded bits, and 2 OOK chips are used to transmit a portion of the postcode. The second OFDM symbol is used to transmit the remaining portion of the postcode. Since the first OOK chip of the last first OFDM symbol is high, the reference OOK chip for the postcode is high. Therefore, all OOK chips used to transmit the postcode are high.

[0180] Optionally, in other embodiments, the value of the first sequence can be related to the value of the last OOK symbol among the N OOK symbols. That is, the last OOK chip among the last first OFDM symbols of the K first OFDM symbols can be used as the base OOK chip or reference OOK chip of the first sequence. The value of the first sequence can be determined based on the value of the last OOK chip among the last first OFDM symbols of the K first OFDM symbols. For example, the value of each OOK chip in the first sequence can be equal to the value of the last OOK chip among the N OOK chips. When the value of each OOK chip in the first sequence can be equal to the value of the last OOK chip among the N OOK chips, rising or falling edges in the CP section can be avoided. That is, no additional rising or falling edges will be detected in the CP section. Furthermore, since the value of each OOK chip in the first sequence is the same (equal to the value of the last OOK chip among the N OOK chips), this violates the Manchester coding principle. In other words, because the first sequence has characteristics different from the L coded bits, the first sequence can easily indicate the end of the transmission process of the first message, thereby enabling the terminal device to easily identify the end of the transmission process of the first message and better avoid unnecessary data reception.

[0181] As a concrete example, as shown in Figure 9, the first message occupies the first OFDM symbol but not the second OFDM symbol. Each first OFDM symbol includes 8 OOK chips (M=8). In the last first OFDM symbol, 6 OOK chips are used to transmit coded bits, and 2 OOK chips are used to transmit the postcode. Since the last OOK chip of the last first OFDM symbol is low, the reference OOK chip for the postcode is low. Therefore, both OOK chips used to transmit the postcode are low.

[0182] As another concrete example, as shown in Figure 13, the first message occupies a first OFDM symbol and a second OFDM symbol. Each first OFDM symbol includes 8 OOK chips (M=8). In the last first OFDM symbol, 6 OOK chips are used to transmit coded bits, and 2 OOK chips are used to transmit a portion of the postcode. The second OFDM symbol is used to transmit the remaining portion of the postcode. Since the last OOK chip of the last first OFDM symbol is low, the reference OOK chip for the postcode is low. Therefore, all OOK chips used to transmit the postcode are low.

[0183] Implementation Method 2: Determine the first sequence based on predefined information or indication information from network devices.

[0184] In implementation method two, the first sequence can be determined based on predefined information or indication information from the network device. That is, the first sequence can be a predefined sequence. Alternatively, the first sequence can be a sequence indicated by the network device. In implementation method two, the first sequence can be a sequence obtained through OOK modulation. That is, the first sequence can correspond to one or more OOK chips.

[0185] The method for determining the first sequence based on predefined information or network device indication information may differ depending on whether the first message does not occupy a second OFDM symbol (Q=0) or whether the first message occupies a second OFDM symbol (Q>0). These two cases will be discussed separately below.

[0186] Case 1: The first message does not occupy the second OFDM symbol, i.e., Q = 0.

[0187] In Case 1, the last of the K first OFDM symbols occupied by the first message may include P OOK chips. These P OOK chips are the last P OOK chips of the last first OFDM symbol, and they are used to transmit the first sequence. A more detailed description of these P OOK chips can be found in the relevant sections above, and will not be repeated here.

[0188] In this scenario, the first sequence can be a subsequence determined from the second sequence based on the length of the P OOK chips. That is, the first sequence can be selected from the second sequence based on the length of the P OOK chips. The length of the P OOK chips can be determined based on the number K of the first OFDM symbols occupied by the first message, the number M of OOK chips included in each first OFDM symbol, and the total number L of coded bits transmitted by the K first OFDM symbols. That is, P = K * ML. The second sequence here can be a predefined sequence. Alternatively, the second sequence can also be a sequence indicated by the network device.

[0189] Case 2: The first message occupies the second OFDM symbol, i.e., Q > 0.

[0190] In scenario 2, the last of the K first OFDM symbols occupied by the first message may include P OOK chips. These P OOK chips are the last P OOK chips of the last first OFDM symbol, and they are used to transmit the first sequence. A more detailed description of these P OOK chips can be found in the relevant sections above, and will not be repeated here.

[0191] In this scenario, the first sequence can be a subsequence determined from the second sequence based on the length of the P OOK chips. That is, the first sequence can be selected from the second sequence based on the length of the P OOK chips. The length of the P OOK chips can be determined based on the number K of the first OFDM symbols occupied by the first message, the number M of OOK chips included in each first OFDM symbol, and the total number L of coded bits transmitted by the K first OFDM symbols. That is, P = K * ML. Alternatively, the first sequence can also be a sequence determined by cyclically expanding the second sequence. The second sequence here can be a predefined sequence. Alternatively, the second sequence here can also be a sequence indicated by the network device.

[0192] The above provides a detailed introduction to the carrying method of the first sequence in the first message and the method of determining the first sequence. The following section introduces the length of the OOK chip corresponding to the first sequence.

[0193] Step S610 states that the first sequence can be transmitted using OOK chips. The length of an OOK chip used to transmit the first sequence can be the same as or different from the length of an OOK chip used to transmit the coded bits. That is, the length of an OOK chip corresponding to the first sequence can be the same as or different from the length of one of the L OOK chips mentioned earlier. Here, "the length of an OOK chip" can be understood as the duration of an OOK chip. For ease of description, the length of an OOK chip corresponding to the first sequence will be referred to as the first length, and the length of one of the L OOK chips will be referred to as the second length. The first length and the second length can be the same or different.

[0194] Optionally, in some embodiments, the first length may be less than the second length.

[0195] Optionally, in some embodiments, the value of the first length (the first value) may be related to the maximum number of OOK chips included in each first OFDM symbol. That is, the first value may be related to the maximum value of M. The maximum value of M may be determined based on at least one of the following: predefined information, network device configuration information. For example, the first value may be fixed equal to the maximum value of M. When the first value is fixed equal to the maximum value of M, it is equivalent to transmitting the first sequence according to the shortest OOK chip.

[0196] Optionally, in some embodiments, the first length and the second length may be associated. This association can be determined based on predefined protocol information. Alternatively, the association can be determined based on network device configuration information. This association can be linear. For example, the first length can be an integer multiple of the second length. Or, for another example, the second length can be an integer multiple of the first length.

[0197] As a concrete example, as shown in Figure 10, the first message occupies the first OFDM symbol but not the second OFDM symbol. The last first OFDM symbol consists of 10 OOK chips. Of these 10 OOK chips, the first 6 OOK chips are used to transmit coded bits, and the last 4 OOK chips are used to transmit suffixes. The length of an OOK chip used to transmit suffixes is half the length of an OOK chip used to transmit coded bits.

[0198] As another concrete example, as shown in Figure 14, the first message occupies a first OFDM symbol and a second OFDM symbol. The last first OFDM symbol comprises 10 OOK chips. Of these 10 OOK chips, the first 6 OOK chips are used to transmit coded bits, and the last 4 OOK chips are used to transmit a portion of the suffix. The 16 OOK chips of the second OFDM symbol are used to transmit the remaining portion of the suffix. The length of one OOK chip used to transmit the suffix is ​​half the length of one OOK chip used to transmit the coded bits.

[0199] For ease of understanding, please refer to Figures 7 to 14 below, and use specific examples to provide a more detailed description of the communication method provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0200] Example 1: The time-domain length of the postcode is less than one OFDM symbol, thus not introducing additional OFDM symbol overhead.

[0201] Referring to Figure 7, in Embodiment 1, when transmitting the postcode, it is used as padding at the end of the last OFDM symbol in the R2D transmission. Sending the postcode does not introduce additional OFDM symbol resource overhead for the R2D transmission.

[0202] Determining the time-domain resources for the postcode: The number of remaining OOK chips available for postcode transmission can be determined based on the time-domain length of each OFDM symbol and the number of OOK chips used for R2D transmission transmitted in the last OOK symbol. Each OFDM symbol includes M OOK chips, the length of the bit sequence to be modulated is L, and the number of OFDM symbols allocated for R2D transmission is K. Therefore, the number of OOK chips used for postcode transmission is: P = K * ML. The duration of the OOK chips used for postcode transmission is equal to the duration of K * ML OOK chips, taking the time of each OOK chip during R2D transmission as the unit. When P = K * ML is 0, postcode transmission is not required.

[0203] In Example 1, the suffix sequence can be determined in the following three ways.

[0204] Referring to FIG. 8, in Mode 1, the first OOK chip in the last OFDM symbol is used as the reference OOK chip of the postamble.

[0205] To avoid the rising or falling edges caused by non-data in the CP part due to the postamble, the first OOK chip in the last OFDM symbol can be used as the value (the first value) of the OOK chip of the postamble. According to the number of OOK chips of the postamble, the number of the first values is determined.

[0206] When M = 8, the bit sequence to be transmitted in the last OFDM symbol is N = 6 < M, then it is determined that there are 2 OOK chips for transmitting the postamble. Since the first OOK chip in the last OFDM symbol is at a high level, the reference chip of the additional postamble is at a high level. Combining the number of occupied OOK chips, it is determined that the transmitted postamble is 2 OOK chips at a high level.

[0207] In this processing mode, when the AIoT device is receiving, no additional rising or falling edges will be detected in the CP part. And, the last postamble includes multiple identical levels, which violates the criterion of Manchester coding. Since the postamble has different characteristics from the OOK chips of the data part, the end time of the R2D transmission can be recognized.

[0208] Referring to FIG. 9, in Mode 2, the last OOK chip in the last OFDM symbol is used as the reference OOK chip of the postamble.

[0209] The last OOK chip in the last OFDM symbol is used as the value (the first value) of the OOK chip of the postamble. According to the number of OOK chips of the postamble, the number of the first values is determined, which is similar to Mode 1.

[0210] Referring to FIG. 10, in Mode 3, the postamble is a predefined sequence or a sequence indicated by the network device.

[0211] The corresponding bit subsequence can be selected from the postamble sequence as the postamble sequence for transmission according to the length of the postamble that can be transmitted by the time domain resource for transmitting the postamble.

[0212] In some cases, the postamble is obtained by OOK modulation, and the length of the OOK chip of the postamble is the same as the length of the OOK chip of the transmitted data.

[0213] In some cases, the postamble is obtained by OOK modulation, and the length of the OOK chip of the postamble is different from the length of the OOK chip of the transmitted data. For example, the chip length of the postamble is less than the length of the OOK chip of the transmitted data.

[0214] In some cases, the length of the OOK chip with a fixed suffix is ​​always equal to the maximum value of M supported by the network (the maximum number of OOK symbols included in an OFDM symbol), that is, transmission is performed according to the shortest OOK chip.

[0215] In some cases, there is a linear relationship between the length C1 of the OOK chip with a fixed suffix and the length C2 of the OOK chip for transmitted data. For example, C1 / C2 = T (T = 2 or 1 / 2).

[0216] It should be noted that in Embodiment 1, the introduction of the suffix does not incur additional OFDM symbol overhead. In Embodiment 1, the length of the suffix may be 0. Alternatively, the length of the suffix may be greater than 0 but less than one OFDM symbol.

[0217] When P = K * ML = 0, that is, when the bit sequence to be modulated is an integer multiple of M, there is no additional postcode.

[0218] When M>P=K*ML>0, that is, when the bit sequence to be modulated is not an integer multiple of M, there is an additional postcode.

[0219] Example 2: One OFDM symbol is less than or equal to the time-domain length of the postcode and less than two OFDM symbols, and the overhead of one OFDM symbol is fixed.

[0220] As shown in Figure 11, an OFDM symbol is added when transmitting the postcode to transmit the postcode.

[0221] When L is an integer multiple of M, the entire OFDM duration of the last OFDM symbol in the R2D transmission is used for the R2D transmission. In this case, the postcode is transmitted only in the OFDM symbol containing the postcode.

[0222] When L is not an integer multiple of M, a portion of the OFDM duration at the end of the last OFDM symbol in the R2D transmission is not used for R2D transmission. The postcode is transmitted starting from this portion of the OFDM duration at the end of the last OFDM symbol in the R2D transmission; the postcode is obtained by cyclically expanding a sequence.

[0223] In Example 2, the suffix sequence can be determined in the following three ways.

[0224] Referring to Figure 12, in Method 1, the first OOK chip in the last OFDM symbol is taken as the value of the OOK chip in the suffix (first value). The number of first values ​​is determined based on the number of OOK chips in the suffix.

[0225] Referring to Figure 13, in Method 2, the last OOK chip in the last OFDM symbol is used as the value of the OOK chip in the suffix (the first value). The number of first values ​​is determined based on the number of OOK chips in the suffix.

[0226] Referring to Figure 14, in mode 3, the postfix is ​​a predefined sequence or a sequence indicated by the network device.

[0227] In some cases, a corresponding bit subsequence is selected from the postcode sequence based on the length of the postcode that can be transmitted using the time-domain resources available for transmission. The selected subsequence is then used as the postcode sequence, or the selected subsequence is cyclically extended to obtain the postcode sequence, and then transmitted.

[0228] In some cases, the postcode is obtained through OOK modulation, and the length of the OOK chip of the postcode is the same as the length of the OOK chip of the transmitted data.

[0229] In some cases, the suffix is ​​obtained through OOK modulation, and the length of the OOK chip in the suffix differs from the length of the OOK chip in the transmitted data. For example, the length of the suffix chip may be shorter than the length of the OOK chip in the transmitted data.

[0230] In some cases, the length of the OOK chip with a fixed suffix is ​​always equal to the maximum value of M supported by the network (the maximum number of OOK symbols included in an OFDM symbol), that is, transmission is performed according to the shortest OOK chip.

[0231] In some cases, there is a linear relationship between the length C1 of the OOK chip with a fixed suffix and the length C2 of the OOK chip for transmitted data. For example, C1 / C2 = T (T = 2 or 1 / 2).

[0232] In Example 2, the overhead of introducing Q OFDM symbols can be extended, but padding of the OFDM symbol of the last transmitted data is still supported. That is, the number of time-domain units of the suffix is ​​flexible and variable.

[0233] In Embodiments 1 and 2, network devices do not need to limit the TBS of R2D transmission. The bits used for R2D transmission are encoded, and when the encoded bits are modulated using MC-OOK to transmit the encoded bits using an OOK-4 waveform, a flexible-length suffix can be appended. On the one hand, the time-frequency resources of the last OFDM symbol can be fully utilized. On the other hand, the end of R2D transmission can be indicated, facilitating the termination of R2D transmission reception by the terminal device.

[0234] The method embodiments of this application have been described in detail above with reference to Figures 1 to 14. The apparatus embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to Figures 15 to 17. It should be understood that the descriptions of the method embodiments correspond to the descriptions of the apparatus embodiments; therefore, any parts not described in detail can be referred to the preceding method embodiments.

[0235] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. The communication device 1500 shown in Figure 15 is the terminal device described above. As shown in Figure 15, the communication device 1500 includes a receiving module 1510.

[0236] The receiving module 1510 is used to receive a first message sent by a network device. The first message occupies K first OFDM symbols and / or Q second OFDM symbols. Each of the K first OFDM symbols includes M OOK chips, and the K first OFDM symbols include L OOK chips. The L OOK chips are used to transmit L coded bits. The Q second OFDM symbols are used to transmit a first sequence, which is used to indicate the end of the transmission process of the first message. K, M, and L are all positive integers greater than or equal to 1, and (K-1)*M < L ≤ K*M. Q is an integer greater than or equal to 0.

[0237] In some implementations, the last of the K first OFDM symbols includes P OOK chips, wherein the P OOK chips are the last P OOK chips of the last first OFDM symbol, and the P OOK chips are used to transmit at least a portion of the sequence in the first sequence, where P = K * ML.

[0238] In some implementations, when Q=0 and P=0, the first message is not used to transmit the first sequence.

[0239] In some implementations, Q = 0, P > 0, the P OOK chips are used to transmit the first sequence, and the length of the time-domain resource corresponding to the first sequence is equal to the length of the time-domain resource corresponding to the P OOK chips.

[0240] In some implementations, Q > 0, P = 0, and the first sequence is entirely carried in the Q second OFDM symbols.

[0241] In some implementations, Q > 0, P > 0, a portion of the first sequence is carried in the P OOK chips, and another portion of the first sequence is carried in the Q second OFDM symbols.

[0242] In some implementations, the last of the K first OFDM symbols includes N OOK chips, which are the first N OOK chips of the last first OFDM symbol. The N OOK chips are used to transmit at least a portion of the L coded bits, where N = L + MK * M. The value of the first sequence is related to the value of the N OOK symbols.

[0243] In some implementations, the value of the first sequence is related to the value of the first OOK symbol among the N OOK symbols.

[0244] In some implementations, the value of each OOK symbol in the first sequence is equal to the value of the first OOK symbol among the N OOK symbols.

[0245] In some implementations, the value of the first sequence is related to the value of the last OOK symbol among the N OOK symbols.

[0246] In some implementations, the value of each OOK symbol in the first sequence is equal to the value of the last OOK symbol among the N OOK symbols.

[0247] In some implementations, the first sequence is determined based on predefined information or indication information from the network device.

[0248] In some implementations, Q = 0, the last of the K first OFDM symbols includes P OOK chips, the P OOK chips are the last P OOK chips of the last first OFDM symbol, the P OOK chips are used to transmit the first sequence, the first sequence is a subsequence determined from a second sequence based on the length of the P OOK chips, the second sequence is a predefined sequence or a sequence indicated by the network device, where P = K * ML.

[0249] In some implementations, Q > 0, the last of the K first OFDM symbols includes P OOK chips, the P OOK chips are the last P OOK chips of the last first OFDM symbol, the P OOK chips are used to transmit the first sequence, the first sequence is a subsequence determined from the second sequence based on the length of the P OOK chips, or the first sequence is a sequence determined after cyclic expansion of the second sequence, the second sequence is a predefined sequence or a sequence indicated by the network device, where P = K * ML.

[0250] In some implementations, the length of an OOK chip corresponding to the first sequence is a first length, and the length of one OOK chip among the L OOK chips is a second length, wherein the first length and the second length may be the same or different.

[0251] In some implementations, the first length is less than the second length.

[0252] In some implementations, the first length is equal to a first value, which is related to the maximum value of M, which is determined based on predefined information and / or the configuration information of the network device.

[0253] In some implementations, the first length and the second length are related.

[0254] In some implementations, the association is determined based on protocol predefined information and / or the configuration information of the network device.

[0255] In some implementations, the relationship is a linear one.

[0256] In some implementations, the network device is a reader.

[0257] In some implementations, the terminal device is an AIoT device.

[0258] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. The communication device 1600 shown in Figure 16 is the network device described above. As shown in Figure 16, the communication device 1600 includes a transmitting module 1610.

[0259] The sending module 1610 is used to send a first message to the terminal device. The first message occupies K first OFDM symbols and / or Q second OFDM symbols. Each of the K first OFDM symbols includes M OOK chips, and the K first OFDM symbols include L OOK chips. The L OOK chips are used to transmit L coded bits. The Q second OFDM symbols are used to transmit a first sequence, which is used to indicate the end of the transmission process of the first message. K, M, and L are all positive integers greater than or equal to 1, and (K-1)*M < L ≤ K*M. Q is an integer greater than or equal to 0.

[0260] In some implementations, the last of the K first OFDM symbols includes P OOK chips, wherein the P OOK chips are the last P OOK chips of the last first OFDM symbol, and the P OOK chips are used to transmit at least a portion of the sequence in the first sequence, where P = K * ML.

[0261] In some implementations, when Q=0 and P=0, the first message is not used to transmit the first sequence.

[0262] In some implementations, Q = 0, P > 0, the P OOK chips are used to transmit the first sequence, and the length of the time-domain resource corresponding to the first sequence is equal to the length of the time-domain resource corresponding to the P OOK chips.

[0263] In some implementations, Q > 0, P = 0, and the first sequence is entirely carried in the Q second OFDM symbols.

[0264] In some implementations, Q > 0, P > 0, a portion of the first sequence is carried in the P OOK chips, and another portion of the first sequence is carried in the Q second OFDM symbols.

[0265] In some implementations, the last of the K first OFDM symbols includes N OOK chips, which are the first N OOK chips of the last first OFDM symbol. The N OOK chips are used to transmit at least a portion of the L coded bits, where N = L + MK * M. The value of the first sequence is related to the value of the N OOK symbols.

[0266] In some implementations, the value of the first sequence is related to the value of the first OOK symbol among the N OOK symbols.

[0267] In some implementations, the value of each OOK symbol in the first sequence is equal to the value of the first OOK symbol among the N OOK symbols.

[0268] In some implementations, the value of the first sequence is related to the value of the last OOK symbol among the N OOK symbols.

[0269] In some implementations, the value of each OOK symbol in the first sequence is equal to the value of the last OOK symbol among the N OOK symbols.

[0270] In some implementations, the first sequence is determined based on predefined information or indication information from the network device.

[0271] In some implementations, Q = 0, the last of the K first OFDM symbols includes P OOK chips, the P OOK chips are the last P OOK chips of the last first OFDM symbol, the P OOK chips are used to transmit the first sequence, the first sequence is a subsequence determined from a second sequence based on the length of the P OOK chips, the second sequence is a predefined sequence or a sequence indicated by the network device, where P = K * ML.

[0272] In some implementations, Q > 0, the last of the K first OFDM symbols includes P OOK chips, the P OOK chips are the last P OOK chips of the last first OFDM symbol, the P OOK chips are used to transmit the first sequence, the first sequence is a subsequence determined from the second sequence based on the length of the P OOK chips, or the first sequence is a sequence determined after cyclic expansion of the second sequence, the second sequence is a predefined sequence or a sequence indicated by the network device, where P = K * ML.

[0273] In some implementations, the length of an OOK chip corresponding to the first sequence is a first length, and the length of one OOK chip among the L OOK chips is a second length, wherein the first length and the second length may be the same or different.

[0274] In some implementations, the first length is less than the second length.

[0275] In some implementations, the first length is equal to a first value, which is related to the maximum value of M, which is determined based on predefined information and / or the configuration information of the network device.

[0276] In some implementations, the first length and the second length are related.

[0277] In some implementations, the association is determined based on protocol predefined information and / or the configuration information of the network device.

[0278] In some implementations, the relationship is a linear one.

[0279] In some implementations, the network device is a reader.

[0280] In some implementations, the terminal device is an AIoT device.

[0281] Figure 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of this application. The dashed lines in Figure 17 indicate that the unit or module is optional. This device 1700 can be used to implement the methods described in the above method embodiments. Device 1700 can be a chip, a terminal device, or a network device.

[0282] Apparatus 1700 may include one or more processors 1710. The processor 1710 may support apparatus 1700 in implementing the methods described in the preceding method embodiments. The processor 1710 may be a general-purpose processor or a special-purpose processor. For example, the processor may be a central processing unit (CPU). Alternatively, the processor may be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0283] The apparatus 1700 may further include one or more memories 1720. The memories 1720 store a program that can be executed by the processor 1710, causing the processor 1710 to perform the methods described in the preceding method embodiments. The memories 1720 may be independent of the processor 1710 or integrated within the processor 1710.

[0284] The device 1700 may also include a transceiver 1730. The processor 1710 can communicate with other devices or chips via the transceiver 1730. For example, the processor 1710 can send and receive data with other devices or chips via the transceiver 1730.

[0285] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing a program. This computer-readable storage medium can be applied to a terminal or network device provided in this application, and the program causes a computer to execute the methods performed by an environmental energy IoT device, terminal device, or network device in various embodiments of this application.

[0286] This application also provides a computer program product. The computer program product includes a program. This computer program product can be applied to a terminal or network device provided in this application embodiment, and the program causes a computer to execute the methods performed by the environmental energy IoT device, terminal device, or network device in various embodiments of this application.

[0287] This application also provides a computer program. This computer program can be applied to the environmental IoT devices, terminal devices, or network devices provided in this application, and the computer program causes the computer to execute the methods performed by the terminal device or network device in the various embodiments of this application.

[0288] It should be understood that the terminology used in this application is only for explaining specific embodiments of this application and is not intended to limit this application. The terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0289] In the embodiments of this application, the term "instruction" can be a direct instruction, an indirect instruction, or an indication of a relationship. For example, A instructing B can mean that A directly instructs B, such as B being able to obtain information through A; it can also mean that A indirectly instructs B, such as A instructing C, so B can obtain information through C; or it can mean that there is a relationship between A and B.

[0290] In the embodiments of this application, "B corresponding to A" means that B is associated with A, and B can be determined based on A. However, it should also be understood that determining B based on A does not mean that B is determined solely based on A; B can also be determined based on A and / or other information.

[0291] In the embodiments of this application, the term "correspondence" can indicate a direct or indirect correspondence between two things, or an association between two things, or a relationship such as instruction and being instructed, configuration and being configured.

[0292] In this application embodiment, "predefined" or "preconfigured" can be implemented by pre-storing corresponding codes, tables, or other means that can be used to indicate relevant information in the device (e.g., including terminal devices and network devices). This application does not limit the specific implementation method. For example, predefined can refer to what is defined in the protocol.

[0293] In this application embodiment, the "protocol" may refer to a standard protocol in the field of communication, such as the LTE protocol, the NR protocol, and related protocols applied to future communication systems. This application does not limit this.

[0294] In the embodiments of this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0295] In the various embodiments of this application, the order of the above-mentioned processes does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0296] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0297] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0298] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0299] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved entirely or partially through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it can be implemented entirely or partially in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can read or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available media may be magnetic media (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes), optical media (e.g., digital video discs, DVDs) or semiconductor media (e.g., solid-state disks, SSDs), etc.

[0300] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that, include: The terminal device receives a first message sent by the network device. The first message occupies K first orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols and / or Q second OFDM symbols. Each of the K first OFDM symbols includes M on / off keying (OOK) chips, and the K first OFDM symbols include L OOK chips. The L OOK chips are used to transmit L coded bits. The Q second OFDM symbols are used to transmit a first sequence, which is used to indicate the end of the transmission process of the first message. Here, K, M, and L are all positive integers greater than or equal to 1, and (K-1)*M < L ≤ K*M. Q is an integer greater than or equal to 0.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The last of the K first OFDM symbols includes P OOK chips, which are the last P OOK chips of the last first OFDM symbol. The P OOK chips are used to transmit at least a portion of the sequence in the first sequence, where P = K * ML.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, When Q=0 and P=0, the first message is not used to transmit the first sequence.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Q = 0, P > 0, the P OOK chips are used to transmit the first sequence, and the length of the time-domain resource corresponding to the first sequence is equal to the length of the time-domain resource corresponding to the P OOK chips.

5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Q > 0, P = 0, and the first sequence is entirely carried in the Q second OFDM symbols.

6. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Q > 0, P > 0, a portion of the first sequence is carried in the P OOK chips, and another portion of the first sequence is carried in the Q second OFDM symbols.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The last of the K first OFDM symbols includes N OOK chips, which are the first N OOK chips of the last first OFDM symbol. The N OOK chips are used to transmit at least a portion of the L coded bits, where N = L + MK * M. The value of the first sequence is related to the value of the N OOK chips.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The value of the first sequence is related to the value of the first OOK chip among the N OOK chips.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The value of each OOK chip in the first sequence is equal to the value of the first OOK chip among the N OOK chips.

10. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The value of the first sequence is related to the value of the last OOK chip among the N OOK chips.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that, The value of each OOK chip in the first sequence is equal to the value of the last OOK chip among the N OOK chips.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The first sequence is determined based on predefined information or indication information from the network device.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that, Q = 0, the last first OFDM symbol of the K first OFDM symbols includes P OOK chips, the P OOK chips are the last P OOK chips of the last first OFDM symbol, the P OOK chips are used to transmit the first sequence, the first sequence is a subsequence determined from the second sequence based on the length of the P OOK chips, the second sequence is a predefined sequence or a sequence indicated by the network device, where P = K * ML.

14. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that, Q > 0, the last first OFDM symbol of the K first OFDM symbols includes P OOK chips, the P OOK chips are the last P OOK chips of the last first OFDM symbol, the P OOK chips are used to transmit the first sequence, the first sequence is a subsequence determined from the second sequence based on the length of the P OOK chips, or the first sequence is a sequence determined after cyclic expansion of the second sequence, the second sequence is a predefined sequence or a sequence indicated by the network device, where P = K * ML.

15. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that, The length of an OOK chip corresponding to the first sequence is the first length, and the length of one OOK chip among the L OOK chips is the second length. The first length and the second length may be the same or different.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that, The first length is less than the second length.

17. The method according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that, The first length is equal to a first value, which is related to the maximum value of M, which is determined based on predefined information and / or the configuration information of the network device.

18. The method according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that, The first length and the second length are related.

19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that, The association is determined based on protocol predefined information and / or the configuration information of the network device.

20. The method according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that, The relationship described is a linear one.

21. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that, The network device is a reader.

22. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that, The terminal device is an environmental energy Internet of Things (AIoT) device.

23. A communication method, characterized in that, include: The network device sends a first message to the terminal device. The first message occupies K first orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols and / or Q second OFDM symbols. Each of the K first OFDM symbols includes M on / off keying (OOK) chips, and the K first OFDM symbols include L OOK chips. The L OOK chips are used to transmit L coded bits. The Q second OFDM symbols are used to transmit a first sequence, which is used to indicate the end of the transmission process of the first message. Here, K, M, and L are all positive integers greater than or equal to 1, and (K-1)*M < L ≤ K*M. Q is an integer greater than or equal to 0.

24. The method according to claim 23, characterized in that, The last of the K first OFDM symbols includes P OOK chips, which are the last P OOK chips of the last first OFDM symbol. The P OOK chips are used to transmit at least a portion of the sequence in the first sequence, where P = K * ML.

25. The method according to claim 24, characterized in that, When Q=0 and P=0, the first message is not used to transmit the first sequence.

26. The method according to claim 24, characterized in that, Q = 0, P > 0, the P OOK chips are used to transmit the first sequence, and the length of the time-domain resource corresponding to the first sequence is equal to the length of the time-domain resource corresponding to the P OOK chips.

27. The method according to claim 24, characterized in that, Q > 0, P = 0, and the first sequence is entirely carried in the Q second OFDM symbols.

28. The method according to claim 24, characterized in that, Q > 0, P > 0, a portion of the first sequence is carried in the P OOK chips, and another portion of the first sequence is carried in the Q second OFDM symbols.

29. The method according to any one of claims 23 to 28, characterized in that, The last of the K first OFDM symbols includes N OOK chips, which are the first N OOK chips of the last first OFDM symbol. The N OOK chips are used to transmit at least a portion of the L coded bits, where N = L + MK * M. The value of the first sequence is related to the value of the N OOK chips.

30. The method according to claim 29, characterized in that, The value of the first sequence is related to the value of the first OOK chip among the N OOK chips.

31. The method according to claim 30, characterized in that, The value of each OOK chip in the first sequence is equal to the value of the first OOK chip among the N OOK chips.

32. The method according to claim 29, characterized in that, The value of the first sequence is related to the value of the last OOK chip among the N OOK chips.

33. The method according to claim 32, characterized in that, The value of each OOK chip in the first sequence is equal to the value of the last OOK chip among the N OOK chips.

34. The method according to any one of claims 23 to 28, characterized in that, The first sequence is determined based on predefined information or indication information from the network device.

35. The method according to claim 34, characterized in that, Q = 0, the last first OFDM symbol of the K first OFDM symbols includes P OOK chips, the P OOK chips are the last P OOK chips of the last first OFDM symbol, the P OOK chips are used to transmit the first sequence, the first sequence is a subsequence determined from the second sequence based on the length of the P OOK chips, the second sequence is a predefined sequence or a sequence indicated by the network device, where P = K * ML.

36. The method according to claim 34, characterized in that, Q > 0, the last first OFDM symbol of the K first OFDM symbols includes P OOK chips, the P OOK chips are the last P OOK chips of the last first OFDM symbol, the P OOK chips are used to transmit the first sequence, the first sequence is a subsequence determined from the second sequence based on the length of the P OOK chips, or the first sequence is a sequence determined after cyclic expansion of the second sequence, the second sequence is a predefined sequence or a sequence indicated by the network device, where P = K * ML.

37. The method according to any one of claims 23 to 36, characterized in that, The length of an OOK chip corresponding to the first sequence is the first length, and the length of one OOK chip among the L OOK chips is the second length. The first length and the second length may be the same or different.

38. The method according to claim 37, characterized in that, The first length is less than the second length.

39. The method according to claim 37 or 38, characterized in that, The first length is equal to a first value, which is related to the maximum value of M, which is determined based on predefined information and / or the configuration information of the network device.

40. The method according to claim 37 or 38, characterized in that, The first length and the second length are related.

41. The method according to claim 40, characterized in that, The association is determined based on protocol predefined information and / or the configuration information of the network device.

42. The method according to claim 40 or 41, characterized in that, The relationship described is a linear one.

43. The method according to any one of claims 23 to 42, characterized in that, The network device is a reader.

44. The method according to any one of claims 23 to 43, characterized in that, The terminal device is an environmental energy Internet of Things (AIoT) device.

45. A communication device, characterized in that, The communication device is a terminal device, and the communication device includes: The receiving module is used to receive a first message sent by a network device. The first message occupies K first orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols and / or Q second OFDM symbols. Each of the K first OFDM symbols includes M on / off keying (OOK) chips, and the K first OFDM symbols include L OOK chips. The L OOK chips are used to transmit L coded bits. The Q second OFDM symbols are used to transmit a first sequence, which is used to indicate the end of the transmission process of the first message. K, M, and L are all positive integers greater than or equal to 1, and (K-1)*M < L ≤ K*M. Q is an integer greater than or equal to 0.

46. ​​The device according to claim 45, characterized in that, The last of the K first OFDM symbols includes P OOK chips, which are the last P OOK chips of the last first OFDM symbol. The P OOK chips are used to transmit at least a portion of the sequence in the first sequence, where P = K * ML.

47. The device according to claim 46, characterized in that, When Q=0 and P=0, the first message is not used to transmit the first sequence.

48. The device according to claim 46, characterized in that, Q = 0, P > 0, the P OOK chips are used to transmit the first sequence, and the length of the time-domain resource corresponding to the first sequence is equal to the length of the time-domain resource corresponding to the P OOK chips.

49. The device according to claim 46, characterized in that, Q > 0, P = 0, and the first sequence is entirely carried in the Q second OFDM symbols.

50. The device according to claim 46, characterized in that, Q > 0, P > 0, a portion of the first sequence is carried in the P OOK chips, and another portion of the first sequence is carried in the Q second OFDM symbols.

51. The device according to any one of claims 45 to 50, characterized in that, The last of the K first OFDM symbols includes N OOK chips, which are the first N OOK chips of the last first OFDM symbol. The N OOK chips are used to transmit at least a portion of the L coded bits, where N = L + MK * M. The value of the first sequence is related to the value of the N OOK chips.

52. The device according to claim 51, characterized in that, The value of the first sequence is related to the value of the first OOK chip among the N OOK chips.

53. The device according to claim 52, characterized in that, The value of each OOK chip in the first sequence is equal to the value of the first OOK chip among the N OOK chips.

54. The device according to claim 51, characterized in that, The value of the first sequence is related to the value of the last OOK chip among the N OOK chips.

55. The device according to claim 54, characterized in that, The value of each OOK chip in the first sequence is equal to the value of the last OOK chip among the N OOK chips.

56. The device according to any one of claims 45 to 50, characterized in that, The first sequence is determined based on predefined information or indication information from the network device.

57. The device according to claim 56, characterized in that, Q = 0, the last first OFDM symbol of the K first OFDM symbols includes P OOK chips, the P OOK chips are the last P OOK chips of the last first OFDM symbol, the P OOK chips are used to transmit the first sequence, the first sequence is a subsequence determined from the second sequence based on the length of the P OOK chips, the second sequence is a predefined sequence or a sequence indicated by the network device, where P = K * ML.

58. The device according to claim 56, characterized in that, Q > 0, the last first OFDM symbol of the K first OFDM symbols includes P OOK chips, the P OOK chips are the last P OOK chips of the last first OFDM symbol, the P OOK chips are used to transmit the first sequence, the first sequence is a subsequence determined from the second sequence based on the length of the P OOK chips, or the first sequence is a sequence determined after cyclic expansion of the second sequence, the second sequence is a predefined sequence or a sequence indicated by the network device, where P = K * ML.

59. The device according to any one of claims 45 to 58, characterized in that, The length of an OOK chip corresponding to the first sequence is the first length, and the length of one OOK chip among the L OOK chips is the second length. The first length and the second length may be the same or different.

60. The device according to claim 59, characterized in that, The first length is less than the second length.

61. The device according to claim 59 or 60, characterized in that, The first length is equal to a first value, which is related to the maximum value of M, which is determined based on predefined information and / or the configuration information of the network device.

62. The device according to claim 59 or 60, characterized in that, The first length and the second length are related.

63. The device according to claim 62, characterized in that, The association is determined based on protocol predefined information and / or the configuration information of the network device.

64. The device according to claim 62 or 63, characterized in that, The relationship described is a linear one.

65. The device according to any one of claims 45 to 64, characterized in that, The network device is a reader.

66. The device according to any one of claims 45 to 65, characterized in that, The terminal device is an environmental energy Internet of Things (AIoT) device.

67. A communication device, characterized in that, The communication device is a network device, and the communication device includes: The sending module is used to send a first message to the terminal device. The first message occupies K first orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols and / or Q second OFDM symbols. Each of the K first OFDM symbols includes M on / off keying (OOK) chips, and the K first OFDM symbols include L OOK chips. The L OOK chips are used to transmit L coded bits. The Q second OFDM symbols are used to transmit a first sequence, which is used to indicate the end of the transmission process of the first message. K, M, and L are all positive integers greater than or equal to 1, and (K-1)*M < L ≤ K*M. Q is an integer greater than or equal to 0.

68. The device according to claim 67, characterized in that, The last of the K first OFDM symbols includes P OOK chips, which are the last P OOK chips of the last first OFDM symbol. The P OOK chips are used to transmit at least a portion of the sequence in the first sequence, where P = K * ML.

69. The device according to claim 68, characterized in that, When Q=0 and P=0, the first message is not used to transmit the first sequence.

70. The device according to claim 68, characterized in that, Q = 0, P > 0, the P OOK chips are used to transmit the first sequence, and the length of the time-domain resource corresponding to the first sequence is equal to the length of the time-domain resource corresponding to the P OOK chips.

71. The device according to claim 68, characterized in that, Q > 0, P = 0, and the first sequence is entirely carried in the Q second OFDM symbols.

72. The device according to claim 68, characterized in that, Q > 0, P > 0, a portion of the first sequence is carried in the P OOK chips, and another portion of the first sequence is carried in the Q second OFDM symbols.

73. The device according to any one of claims 67 to 72, characterized in that, The last of the K first OFDM symbols includes N OOK chips, which are the first N OOK chips of the last first OFDM symbol. The N OOK chips are used to transmit at least a portion of the L coded bits, where N = L + MK * M. The value of the first sequence is related to the value of the N OOK chips.

74. The device according to claim 73, characterized in that, The value of the first sequence is related to the value of the first OOK chip among the N OOK chips.

75. The device according to claim 74, characterized in that, The value of each OOK chip in the first sequence is equal to the value of the first OOK chip among the N OOK chips.

76. The device according to claim 73, characterized in that, The value of the first sequence is related to the value of the last OOK chip among the N OOK chips.

77. The device according to claim 76, characterized in that, The value of each OOK chip in the first sequence is equal to the value of the last OOK chip among the N OOK chips.

78. The device according to any one of claims 67 to 72, characterized in that, The first sequence is determined based on predefined information or indication information from the network device.

79. The device according to claim 78, characterized in that, Q = 0, the last first OFDM symbol of the K first OFDM symbols includes P OOK chips, the P OOK chips are the last P OOK chips of the last first OFDM symbol, the P OOK chips are used to transmit the first sequence, the first sequence is a subsequence determined from the second sequence based on the length of the P OOK chips, the second sequence is a predefined sequence or a sequence indicated by the network device, where P = K * ML.

80. The device according to claim 78, characterized in that, Q > 0, the last first OFDM symbol of the K first OFDM symbols includes P OOK chips, the P OOK chips are the last P OOK chips of the last first OFDM symbol, the P OOK chips are used to transmit the first sequence, the first sequence is a subsequence determined from the second sequence based on the length of the P OOK chips, or the first sequence is a sequence determined after cyclic expansion of the second sequence, the second sequence is a predefined sequence or a sequence indicated by the network device, where P = K * ML.

81. The device according to any one of claims 67 to 80, characterized in that, The length of an OOK chip corresponding to the first sequence is the first length, and the length of one OOK chip among the L OOK chips is the second length. The first length and the second length may be the same or different.

82. The device according to claim 81, characterized in that, The first length is less than the second length.

83. The device according to claim 81 or 82, characterized in that, The first length is equal to a first value, which is related to the maximum value of M, which is determined based on predefined information and / or the configuration information of the network device.

84. The device according to claim 81 or 82, characterized in that, The first length and the second length are related.

85. The device according to claim 84, characterized in that, The association is determined based on protocol predefined information and / or the configuration information of the network device.

86. The device according to claim 84 or 85, characterized in that, The relationship described is a linear one.

87. The device according to any one of claims 67 to 86, characterized in that, The network device is a reader.

88. The device according to any one of claims 67 to 87, characterized in that, The terminal device is an environmental energy Internet of Things (AIoT) device.

89. A communication device, characterized in that, The device includes a transceiver, a memory, and a processor. The memory stores a program, and the processor invokes the program in the memory and controls the transceiver to receive or transmit signals so that the communication device performs the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 22 or any one of claims 23 to 44.

90. An apparatus, characterized in that, Includes a processor for calling a program from memory to cause the device to perform the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 22 or any one of claims 23 to 44.

91. A chip, characterized in that, Includes a processor for calling a program from memory, causing a device on which the chip is mounted to perform the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 22 or any one of claims 23 to 44.

92. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, It contains a program that causes a computer to perform the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 22 or any one of claims 23 to 44.

93. A computer program product, characterized in that, Includes a program that causes a computer to perform the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 22 or any one of claims 23 to 44.

94. A computer program, characterized in that, The computer program causes the computer to perform the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 22 or any one of claims 23 to 44.

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