Two-component polyurethane adhesive with high adhesion performance at high temperatures
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-06
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
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Figure PCTCN2025075883-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2025075883-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2025075883-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
TWO-COMPONENT POLYURETHANE ADHESIVE WITH HIGH ADHESION PERFORMANCE AT HIGH TEMPERATURESBACKGROUND
[0001] With the rapid development of electric vehicles (EVs) , the battery industry has taken on increased importance. One of the crucial needs in high energy density battery assemblies is structural bonding of the battery pack, increasingly using adhesives. Substrates that need to be bonded in battery packs are diverse and range such as poly (ethyleneterephthalate) (PET) , polycarbonate (PC) , e-coated steel, and e-coated aluminum, etc. In some applications, 3003 aluminum alloy is used for battery pack housing. Therefore, there is a need for a good adhesive that can properly bond 3003 aluminum alloy parts to EV battery packs. Structural two component (2K) polyurethane adhesives, comprising a polyisocyanate component and a polyol component, have become a good choice.
[0002] Currently available structural 2K polyurethane adhesives are particularly sensitive to environmental temperature. When temperature exceeds the glass transition temperature of the adhesives, the elastic modulus and other mechanical properties of the adhesives will decrease sharply resulting a decline in the adhesives adhesion between the aluminum alloy and the battery pack. Therefore, there is a need for an improved structural adhesive that can maintain high strength of its mechanical adhesion properties, i.e. with lap sheer strength no less than 5 MPa, in high temperature environmental such as above 60℃.SUMMARY
[0003] The present invention provides in one aspect a two-component polyurethane adhesive formulation comprising an isocyanate component and a polyol component; wherein the isocyanate component comprises at least one polyurethane prepolymer prepared by reacting at least one polyisocyanate with at least one polyol wherein the at least one polyol has a molecular weight of 2000 g / mol and functionality of 2; and the polyol component comprises at least two polyols with a first polyol having a molecular weight in the range of 2000 to 10000 g / mol and a second polyol having a molecular weight in the range of 100 to 750 g / mol .
[0004] The present invention also provides, in another aspect, a two-component polyurethane adhesive formulation comprising: a) an isocyanate component having at least one polyurethane prepolymer prepared by reacting at least one polyisocyanate with at least one polyol wherein the at least one polyol has a molecular weight of 2000 g / mol and functionality of 2; and b) a polyol component having, based on the total weight of the polyol component: i) 10 to 50 wt. %of at least one first polyol having a molecular weight in the range of 2000 to 10000 g / mol, and a functionality in the range of 2 to 3; ii) 5 to 30 wt. %of at least one second polyol having a molecular weight in the range of 100 to 750 g / mol, and a functionality in the range of 3 to 9; iii) 2 to 30 wt. %of one alkoxylated aromatic diol having a molecular weight in the range of 300 to 500 g / mol; and iv) a catalyst capable of catalyzing the reaction between a hydroxyl group and an isocyanate group.
[0005] The present invention also provides at least one preferred embodiment that has a) an isocyanate component having at least one polyurethane prepolymer prepared by reacting at least one polyisocyanate with at least one polyol wherein the at least one polyol has a molecular weight of 2000 g / mol and functionality of 2; and b) a polyol component having, based on the total weight of the polyol component: i) about 40 wt. %of a polyether polyol with an equivalent molecular weight of 4800 g / mol and functionality of 3; ii) about 15 wt. %of a polyether polyol with an equivalent molecular weight of 687 g / mol and functionality of 6; iii) about 10 wt. %of a polyoxypropylene bis-phenol A ether with an equivalent molecular weight of 400 g / mol and functionality of 2; iv) about 5 wt. %of 1, 4-butanediol; and v) about 0.01 wt. %of a catalyst capable of catalyzing the reaction between a hydroxyl group and an isocyanate group.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0006] The inventors have found that an improved two-component polyurethane adhesive having an isocyanate component and a polyol component detailed below.
[0007] I. Adhesive Composition
[0008] A. Isocyanate Component
[0009] The isocyanate component comprises a prepolymer made by reacting at least one polyisocyanate with an excess amount of at least one polyol to produce an isocyanate-terminated prepolymer.
[0010] i. Polyisocyanate
[0011] The polyisocyanate is not particularly limited. It may be aliphatic or aromatic. Examples of suitable aliphatic polyisocyanates include hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) , isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) , methylene dicyclohexyl diisocyanate, trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 1, 5-pentamethylene diisocyanate, and mixtures of these.
[0012] Examples of suitable aromatic polyisocyanates include methylene-bis- (phenyl isocyanate) (MDI) , polymethylene polyphenylisocyanates, tetramethylxylene diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate, any of which can be modified to include biuret, allophonate, urea, carbamate, isocyanurate or carbodiimide groups. MDI can be 2, 2’-, 2, 4’-and 4, 4’-MDI. For example, the polyisocyanate may comprise a polymeric MDI having an average functionality of 2.7. In one specific embodiment, the polyisocyanate comprises MDI having an average functionality of 2. In still a further embodiment, the polyisocyanate comprises of a mixture of 2, 4’-and 4, 4’-MDI having an average functionality of 2, and a molecular weight (Mn) of 250 Da. “Mn” is understood to mean the number average molecular weight.
[0013] Equivalent and molecular weights are measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) with a Malvern Viscothek GPC max equipment. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) was used as an eluent, PL GEL MIXED D (Agilent , 300 X 7.5 mm, 5 μm ) was used as a column, and MALVERN Viscothek TDA (integrated refractive index viscometer and light scattering) was used as a detector.
[0014] ii. Polyol
[0015] Many different polyols may be used to make the above prepolymer and polyols with high molecular weight are preferred. In one preferred embodiment, a polyol was used to react with excess MDI to make the prepolymer of the present invention. Polyol can be a poly (C2-4-alkylene oxide) polyol, a polyester polyol, or any combination thereof. In yet further embodiments, the polyol is a linear polyol with an equivalent molecular weight of 2000g / mol and a functionality of 2, for example, a polypropylene glycol polyol, or a hydroxyl-terminated polyester polyol made from adipic acid, 1, 6-hexane diol and 2, 2-dimethyl-1, 3-propane diol, or any combination thereof.
[0016] In some embodiments, polyol with an equivalent molecular weight of 2000g / mol and a functionality of 2 constitutes at least 75 wt. %, preferably at least 80 wt. %, more preferably at least 90 wt. %, and most preferably close or equal to 100 wt. %of the total polyol content of the isocyanate-terminated prepolymer.
[0017] The isocyanate-terminated prepolymer can be made by reacting the at least one polyisocyanate with the at least one polyol. The reaction can be carried out at elevated temperature under vacuum or in an inert atmosphere (e.g. nitrogen, argon) . For example, the at least one polyisocyanate can be reacted with the at least one polyol at 70-90℃, e.g., at or about 80℃. The prepolymer can be prepared using a stoichiometric excess of isocyanate groups, resulting in an NCO-terminated prepolymer. The prepolymer may be isolated after reaction, or it may be used as-is to formulate the isocyanate component of the adhesive.
[0018] Exemplary prepolymers result from the reaction of the following pairs of polyisocyanates and polyols:
[0019] The isocyanate component of the present adhesive composition contains 10 wt. %to 40 wt. %of the polyol mixture, more preferably 15 wt. %to 35 wt. %of a polyol mixture, and most preferably 20 to 30 wt. %of a polyol mixture. The polyol mixtures are designed in a way that the functionality is about 2.0. The isocyanate content of the isocyanate components ranges from 0.5 wt. %to 15 wt. %, more preferably 1 wt. %to 12.5 wt. %, and most preferably 2 wt. %to 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the isocyanate component. In preferred embodiments, the prepolymers are monomeric MDI end-capped polyols which constitutes between 10 wt. %to 55 wt. %, more preferably between 15 wt. %to 45 wt. %, and most preferably 20 wt. %to 40 wt. %of total weight of the isocyanate component.
[0020] B. Polyol Component
[0021] The polyol component comprises at least one polyol, and at least one catalyst capable of catalyzing the reaction of a hydroxyl group with an isocyanate group.
[0022] i. Polyol
[0023] The present invention provide a novel mixture of polyols to achieve the desired purposes. The mixture is specially designed using various equivalent molecular weight and their average functionality. For example, the present polyol component includes 1) 10 to 50 wt. %, preferably 20 to 45 wt. %, and more preferably 25 to 40 wt. %of at least one first polyol with an equivalent molecular weight in the range of 2000 to 10,000 g / mol and a functionality in the range of 2 to 3; 2) 5 to 30 wt. %, preferably 10 to 25 wt. %, and more preferably 10 to 20 wt. %of at least one second polyol with an equivalent molecular weight in the range of 100 to 750 g / mol and a functionality in the range of 3 to 9; 3) 2 to 30 wt. %, preferably 2 to 25 wt. %, and more preferably 5 to 20 wt. %of at least one alkoxylated aromatic diol with an equivalent molecular weight in the range of 300 to 500 g / mol; and 4) optionally, 0 to 12 wt. %, preferably 0 to 10 wt. %, and more preferably 0 to 8 wt. %of at least one chain extender with an equivalent molecular weight in the range of 50 to 200 g / mol and a functionality in the range of 2 to 3. All weight percentages are based on the total weight of the polyol component.
[0024] In one specifically preferred embodiment, the polyol component comprises a polyoxypropylene bis-phenol A ether with an equivalent molecular weight of 400 g / mol and functionality of 2. The mixture in one embodiment further comprises a polyether polyol with an equivalent molecular weight of 4800 g / mol and functionality of 3 and another polyether polyol with an equivalent molecular weight of 687 g / mol and functionality of 6. This embodiment of polyol mixture also comprises 1, 4-butanediol as chain extender with an equivalent molecular weight of 90 g / mol and functionality of 2.
[0025] ii. Catalyst
[0026] The polyol component comprises at least one catalyst capable of catalyzing the reaction of a hydroxyl group with an isocyanate group. Examples of such catalysts include tertiary amine catalysts, organometallic catalysts, such as bismuth catalysts, alkyl tin carboxylates, oxides and tin mercaptides.
[0027] Specific examples of tertiary amine catalysts include N-methyl morpholine, N-methyl imidazole, triethylenediamine, bis- (2-dimethylaminoethyl) -ether, 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO) , dimethylcyclohexylamine, dimethylethanolamine, 2, 2-dimorpholinyl-diethylether (DMDEE) , N, N, N-dimethylaminopropyl hexahydrotriazine, dimethyltetrahydropyrimidine, tetramethylethylenediamine, dimethylcyclohexylamine, 2, 2-N, N benzyldimethylamine, dimethylethanol amine, dimethylaminopropyl amine, Penta-dimethyl diethylene triamine, N, N, N', N'-tetramethyl-1, 6-hexanediamine, N, N', N'-trimethylaminoethylpiperazine, 1, 1'- [ [3- (dimethylamino) propyl] imino] bispropan-2-ol, 1, 3, 5-tris [3- (dimethylamino) propyl] hexahydro-1, 3, 5-triazine, N-N-dimethyldipropylene triamine, N, N, N'-trimethylaminoethylethanolamine, with DMDEE being particularly preferred.
[0028] If an organometallic catalyst is used, it is any organometallic catalyst capable of catalyzing the reaction of isocyanate with a functional group having at least one reactive hydrogen. Examples include bismuth catalysts, metal carboxylates such as tin carboxylate and zinc carboxylate. Metal alkanoates include stannous octoate, bismuth octoate or bismuth neodecanoate. Preferably the at least one organometallic catalyst is a bismuth catalyst or an organotin catalyst. Examples include dibutyltin dilaurate, dimethyl tin dineodecanoate, dimethyltin mercaptide, dimethyltin carboxylate, dimethyltin dioleate, dimethyltin dithioglycolate, dibutyltin mercaptide, dibutyltin bis (2-ethylhexyl thioglycolate) , dibutyltin sulfide, dioctyltin dithioglycolate, dioctyltin mercaptide, dioctyltin dioctoate, dioctyltin dineodecanoate, dioctyltin dilaurate. In a particularly preferred embodiment, latent room temperature tin containing organic catalyst is used.
[0029] The catalyst can be used at close to 0 to 0.1 wt. %, preferably 0.005 to 0.05 wt. %, and most preferably 0.01 to 0.03 wt. %based on the total weight of the polyol component.
[0030] C. Other ingredients
[0031] Each or both components of the adhesive composition may additionally comprise additives that are commonly used in polyurethane adhesives. Examples of these other ingredients include fillers such as inorganic talc, calcium carbonate, fumed silica, carbon black, silicates, zeolites, molecular sieves and mixtures of these. The amounts used in the component can be adjusted based on the need of such ingredients.
[0032] II. Method of Manufacture and Use
[0033] The adhesive composition can be made by mixing the ingredients of each components separately, for example under inert and dry conditions and / or under vacuum, until a homogenous mixture is obtained. Once each component is mixed, they are stored in separate containers until use.
[0034] During use, both components can be mixed by any means that achieves a homogenous mixture. In one embodiment, the mixing ratio of each component is 0.5: 1 to 1: 0.5 (v: v) , e.g., 1: 1.2 to 1.2: 1 (v: v) , or preferably 1: 1 (v: v) . The adhesive mixture may be applied by any application method, manually or with robotic equipment, including, for example, by spreading, application through a nozzle.
[0035] III. Examples
[0036] Table 1 below lists all the raw materials used in the Examples. Similar materials from other suppliers may also be used.
[0037] Table 1. List of all raw materials used in the examples
[0038] Table 2 lists the amounts of the raw materials / ingredients (in grams) used for both isocyanate and polyol components in the comparative and inventive examples. As shown in Table 2, comparative examples represent a typical 2K polyurethane adhesive composition commonly known in the art. In the inventive example 3, however and compared to that of the comparative examples, the polyol component comprises a mixture of polyols with different molecular weights and functionality.
[0039] Table 2. Comparative Examples and Inventive Examples.
[0040] Isocyanate Component
[0041] The prepolymers were prepared in a 2 l four-necked flask equipped with a mechanical stirring bar and a thermometer. The isocyanate (or NCO) -terminated prepolymer was prepared by first mixing the polyol ingredient of isocyanate component (NJ-220) and then stirring under reduced pressure at 120℃ for 1 hour. The polyol was allowed to cool to 80℃, and the MDIs were added, and the mixture was allowed to react under reduced pressure at 80℃ for 2 hours. The material was then cooled to less than 60℃. The vacuum was broken under nitrogen, and the prepolymers were stored hermetically until use. Since the prepolymer is prepared with an excess of isocyanate, the resulting prepolymer is predominantly NCO-terminated prepolymer.
[0042] To prepare isocyanate component, using the quantities listed in Table 2, all solid raw materials were first dried at 110℃ in an oven for 24 hours or longer until the moisture content was less than 300 ppm. All liquid polyols in isocyanate component were dried by molecular sieve until moisture content was less than 300 ppm. All materials were added into a 2-liter planetary mixer and mixed for 30 –60 minutes under reduced pressure. The vacuum was then broken under nitrogen, and isocyanate component was packaged in hermetic cartridges for storage until use.
[0043] Polyol Component
[0044] To prepare the polyol component, using the quantities listed in Table 2, all solid ingredients were first dried at 110℃ in an oven for 24 hours or longer until the moisture content was less than 300 ppm. The liquid polyols were dried using molecular sieves until the moisture content was less than 300 ppm. These dried ingredients are then mixed and stirred for an additional 30 minutes under vacuum. The vacuum was broken under nitrogen, and polyol component was filled in hermetic cartridges until use.
[0045] Immediately before use, the components were mixed in a 1: 1 volumetric ratio, and the following tests were carried out.
[0046] Lap shear strength is measured using DIN EN 1465; bonded area: 10*25mm2; adhesive layer thickness: 0.25mm; substrate: 3003-aluminum alloy; all surfaces are prepared with plasma pretreatment; curing condition: 7d@23℃; shear samples are pulled at 5mm / min in the process of testing.
[0047] Tensile properties include Tensile strength, E-modulus, and elongation at break, measured with DIN EN ISO 527-2; curing condition: 7 d@23℃; tensile samples are pulled at 100 mm / min in the process of testing.
[0048] Storage modulus was determined from DMA measurements on strip samples (height 1mm, width 5mm, length 15mm) which were cured at 23℃ for 7days, with a DMA Q800 V21.1 instrument. The measurement conditions were measurement in tensile mode, excitation frequency 1 Hz and heating rate 2℃ / mm. The samples were cooled down to -40℃. and heated to 80℃.
[0049] Results and Discussions
[0050] Table 3 lists some key performance properties of the examples prepared.
[0051] Table 3. Key properties for comparative and inventive examples
[0052] As shown in Table 3, for the comparative examples 1 and 2, lap shear strength (LSS) tested at 25℃ for 3003-aluminum alloy substrate is 12.5MPa and 10.0MPa, respectively. However, when LSS for 3003-aluminum alloy substate is tested at 60℃, test results sharply decreased to 3.0MPa and 2.5MPa, respectively. The similar trends are also observed for the storage modulus of both comparative examples 1 and 2: decreasing from 500~1000MPa to 20~50MPa when test temperature changed from 25℃ to 60℃. Both tensile strength and elongation at break for both comparative examples 1 and 2 are at 15~16MPa and 35~70%, respectively.
[0053] On the contrary, LSS and storage modulus of inventive example 3 tested at 60℃ is much more optimized, which improved to 5.0MPa and 100MPa, respectively. Meanwhile, compared with the results of tensile strength for both comparative examples 1 and 2, tensile strength for both inventive example 3 showed some changes. The tensile strength improved from 15~16MPa to 17.5MPa. In addition, elongation at break of inventive example 3 is between that of both comparative examples 1 and 2.
Claims
1.A two-component polyurethane adhesive formulation comprising an isocyanate component and a polyol component; whereinthe isocyanate component comprises at least one polyurethane prepolymer prepared by reacting at least one polyisocyanate with at least one polyol wherein the at least one polyol has a molecular weight of 2000 g / mol and functionality of 2; andthe polyol component comprises at least two polyols with a first polyol having a molecular weight in the range of 2000 to 10000 g / mol and a second polyol having a molecular weight in the range of 100 to 750 g / mol.2.The adhesive formulation of Claim 1, wherein the first polyol of the polyol component has a functionality in the range of 2 to 3.3.The adhesive formulation of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second polyol of the polyol component has a functionality in the range of 3 to 9.4.The adhesive formulation of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the polyol component further comprises at least one alkoxylated aromatic diol.5.The adhesive formulation of Claim 4, wherein the alkoxylated aromatic diol has an equivalent molecular weight in the range of 300 to 500 g / mol.6.The adhesive formulation of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the polyol component optionally comprises at least one chain extender with an equivalent molecular weight in the range of 50 to 200 g / mol.7.The adhesive formulation of Claim 6, wherein the at least one chain extender has a functionality in the range of 2 to 3.8.The adhesive formulation of any one of Claims 6 and 7, wherein the polyol component comprises at least one chain extender up to 12 wt. %based on the total weight of the polyol component.9.The adhesive formulation of any one of Claims 6 to 8, wherein the chain extender is 1, 4-butanediol.10.The adhesive formulation of any one of the preceding claims wherein the first polyol is a polyether polyol with an equivalent molecular weight of 4800 g / mol and functionality of 3.11.The adhesive formulation of any one of the preceding claims wherein the second polyol is a polyoxypropylene bis-phenol A ether with an equivalent molecular weight of 400 g / mol and functionality of 2.12.A two-component polyurethane adhesive formulation comprising:a) an isocyanate component comprising:at least one polyurethane prepolymer prepared by reacting at least one polyisocyanate with at least one polyol wherein the at least one polyol has a molecular weight of 2000 g / mol and functionality of 2; andb) a polyol component comprising, based on the total weight of the polyol component:i) 10 to 50 wt. %of at least one first polyol having a molecular weight in the range of 2000 to 10000 g / mol, and a functionality in the range of 2 to 3;ii) 5 to 30 wt. %of at least one second polyol having a molecular weight in the range of 100 to 750 g / mol, and a functionality in the range of 3 to 9;iii) 2 to 30 wt. %of one alkoxylated aromatic diol having a molecular weight in the range of 300 to 500 g / mol; andiv) a catalyst capable of catalyzing the reaction between a hydroxyl group and an isocyanate group.13.The adhesive formulation of Claim 12 comprising:a) an isocyanate component comprising:at least one polyurethane prepolymer prepared by reacting at least one polyisocyanate with at least one polyol wherein the at least one polyol has a molecular weight of 2000 g / mol and functionality of 2; andb) a polyol component comprising, based on the total weight of the polyol component:i) 20 to 45 wt. %of at least one first polyol having a molecular weight in the range of 2000 to 10000 g / mol, and a functionality in the range of 2 to 3;ii) 10 to 25 wt. %of at least one second polyol having a molecular weight in the range of 100 to 750 g / mol, and a functionality in the range of 3 to 9;iii) 2 to 25 wt. %of one alkoxylated aromatic diol having a molecular weight in the range of 300 to 500 g / mol; andiv) a catalyst capable of catalyzing the reaction between a hydroxyl group and an isocyanate group.14.The adhesive formulation of Claim 13 comprising:a) an isocyanate component comprising:at least one polyurethane prepolymer prepared by reacting at least one polyisocyanate with at least one polyol wherein the at least one polyol has a molecular weight of 2000 g / mol and functionality of 2; andb) a polyol component comprising, based on the total weight of the polyol component:i) 25 to 40 wt. %of at least one first polyol having a molecular weight in the range of 2000 to 10000 g / mol, and a functionality in the range of 2 to 3;ii) 10 to 20 wt. %of at least one second polyol having a molecular weight in the range of 100 to 750 g / mol, and a functionality in the range of 3 to 9;iii) 5 to 20 wt. %of one alkoxylated aromatic diol having a molecular weight in the range of 300 to 500 g / mol; andiv) a catalyst capable of catalyzing the reaction between a hydroxyl group and an isocyanate group.15.A two-component polyurethane adhesive formulation comprising:a) an isocyanate component comprising:at least one polyurethane prepolymer prepared by reacting at least one polyisocyanate with at least one polyol wherein the at least one polyol has a molecular weight of 2000 g / mol and functionality of 2; andb) a polyol component comprising, based on the total weight of the polyol component:i) about 40 wt. %of a polyether polyol with an equivalent molecular weight of 4800 g / mol and functionality of 3;ii) about 15 wt. %of a polyether polyol with an equivalent molecular weight of 687 g / mol and functionality of 6;iii) about 10 wt. %of a polyoxypropylene bis-phenol A ether with an equivalent molecular weight of 400 g / mol and functionality of 2;iv) about 5 wt. %of 1, 4-butanediol; andv) about 0.01 wt. %of a catalyst capable of catalyzing the reaction between a hydroxyl group and an isocyanate group.