Methods and apparatuses for adjusted SFN index counting
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-06
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
Smart Images

Figure CN2025075957_13082026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR ADJUSTED SFN INDEX COUNTINGTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communications system. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to methods and apparatuses for communicating in the wireless communications system. Even more specifically, the present disclosure relates to methods and apparatuses for adjusting System Frame Number (SFN) index counting.BACKGROUND
[0002] Various embodiments relate to considerations in a (e.g., mobile / wireless) communication system or network, such as a fifth generation (5G) / New Radio (NR) system and a next-generation system beyond 5G. For example, various embodiments are applicable in a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standardized mobile / wireless communication system or network of Release 19 onwards.
[0003] For 3GPP Release 19, a Time Division Duplex (TDD) mode for an NTN system (e.g., the IoT NTN) is discussed.SUMMARY
[0004] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide methods and apparatus for communicating in a mobile communications system, improving efficiency of SFN utilization and efficiency of the system.
[0005] According to some aspects, there is provided the subject matter of the independent claims. Some additional aspects are defined in the dependent claims.
[0006] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus in a mobile communications system is provided. The apparatus may be a user equipment (UE) or network node or the apparatus may be comprised by the UE or the network node. The UE may be a user device or terminal device. The network node may be a base station. The apparatus according to the first aspect comprises at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions. The instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to: adjust at least one number of frame numbering indices for at least one frame structure of at least one carrier; determine at least one transmission timing or reception timing based on the at least one adjusted number of frame numbering indices; and perform at least one of transmission according to the at least one transmission timing or reception according to the at least one reception timing.
[0007] In some examples of the first aspect, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may further cause the apparatus to: determine to adjust the at least one number of frame numbering indices for the at least one frame structure, wherein the at least one number of frame numbering indices is adjusted based on determining.
[0008] In some examples of the first aspect, to adjust the at least one number of frame numbering indices may be determined based on at least one configuration of the at least one frame structure.
[0009] In some examples of the first aspect, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may further cause the apparatus to: configure the at least one configuration for the at least one carrier.
[0010] In some examples of the first aspect, the at least one configuration may comprise at least one predefined configuration.
[0011] In some examples of the first aspect, to adjust the at least one number of frame numbering indices may be determined in a period of the at least one frame structure.
[0012] In some examples of the first aspect, the at least one number of frame numbering indices may be adjusted for the period or a next period of the at least one frame structure.
[0013] In some examples of the first aspect, the at least one adjusted number of frame numbering indices may be not equal to the at least one number of frame numbering indices of the at least one frame structure.
[0014] In some examples of the first aspect, the at least one adjusted number of frame numbering indices may be not equal in each period of the at least one frame structure.
[0015] In some examples of the first aspect, to adjust at least one number of frame numbering indices, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may further cause the apparatus to: ignore at least one duration for at least one time resource of the at least one frame structure to decrease the at least one number of frame numbering indices; or add at least one additional frame numbering index with no time duration to the at least one frame structure to increase the at least one number of frame numbering indices.
[0016] In some examples of the first aspect, the at least one number of frame numbering indices may be adjusted based on at least one configuration for the at least one carrier.
[0017] In some examples of the first aspect, the at least one configuration may be predefined or determined based on at least one network configuration.
[0018] In some examples of the first aspect, the at least one duration for at least one time resource may be ignored at the beginning of periods of the at least one frame structure, before or after the at least one duration for at least one uplink time resource in periods of the at least one frame structure, or before or after the at least one duration for at least one downlink time resource in periods of the at least one frame structure.
[0019] In some examples of the first aspect, the at least one additional frame numbering index with no time duration may be added at the end or beginning or one position inside of periods of the at least one frame structure.
[0020] In some examples of the first aspect, the time resource may comprise at least one of a frame, a subframe, a symbol, or a time duration.
[0021] In some examples of the first aspect, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may further cause the apparatus to: responsive to adjusting, maintain at least one timer or at least one window used to perform the at least one of transmission or reception.
[0022] In some examples of the first aspect, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may further cause the apparatus to: adjust at least one timer related to the at least one of transmission or reception based on the at least one adjusted number of frame numbering indices.
[0023] In some examples of the first aspect, the at least one timer may be associated with at least one Discontinuous Reception (DRX) active timing.
[0024] In some examples of the first aspect, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may further cause the apparatus to: switch a time duration of the at least one timer from a time-based operation to a number of frame numbering indices-based operation and vice versa.
[0025] In some examples of the first aspect, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, may further cause the apparatus to: update Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) information based on the at least one adjusted number of frame numbering indices.
[0026] In some examples of the first aspect, information indicating the at least one adjusted number of frame numbering indices may be defined in the Master Information Block (MIB) .
[0027] In some examples of the first aspect, the frame numbering indices may comprise a System Frame Number (SFN) , wherein at least one frame numbering index among the frame numbering indices may comprise the SFN of at least one time resource in the at least one frame structure.
[0028] In some examples of the first aspect, the at least one number of frame numbering indices may be a total number of frame indices.
[0029] In some examples of the first aspect, the mobile communications system may comprise a non-terrestrial network (NTN) system, wherein the NTN system may serve the apparatus. In some examples of the first aspect, the mobile communications system may comprise a non-terrestrial network (NTN) system coexisting with a second system, wherein the NTN system may serve the apparatus. In some examples, the second system may be a legacy system.
[0030] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus in a mobile communications system is provided. The apparatus may be a user equipment (UE) or network node or the apparatus may be comprised by the UE or the network node. The UE may be a user device or terminal device. The network node may be a base station. The apparatus according to the second aspect comprises: means or modules for adjusting at least one number of frame numbering indices for at least one frame structure of at least one carrier; means or modules for determining at least one transmission timing or reception timing based on the at least one adjusted number of frame numbering indices; and means or modules for performing at least one of transmission according to the at least one transmission timing or reception according to the at least one reception timing.
[0031] In some examples of the second aspect, the apparatus may further comprise means or modules for performing one or more of the examples according to the first aspect.
[0032] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus in a mobile communications system is provided. The apparatus may be a user equipment (UE) or network node or the apparatus may be comprised by the UE or the network node. The UE may be a user device or terminal device. The network node may be a base station. The apparatus according to the third aspect comprises: circuitry to adjust at least one number of frame numbering indices for at least one frame structure of at least one carrier (e.g., processing circuitry) ; circuitry to determine at least one transmission timing or reception timing based on the at least one adjusted number of frame numbering indices (e.g., processing circuitry) ; and circuitry to perform at least one of transmission according to the at least one transmission timing or reception according to the at least one reception timing (e.g., transceiving circuitry) .
[0033] In some examples of the third aspect, the apparatus may further comprise circuitry to perform one or more of the examples according to the first aspect.
[0034] According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for a mobile communications system. The method may be performed by a user equipment (UE) or network node of the wireless communication system. The method comprises: adjusting at least one number of frame numbering indices for at least one frame structure of at least one carrier; determining at least one transmission timing or reception timing based on the at least one adjusted number of frame numbering indices; and performing at least one of transmission according to the at least one transmission timing or reception according to the at least one reception timing.
[0035] In some examples of the fourth aspect, the method may further comprise: determining to adjust the at least one number of frame numbering indices for the at least one frame structure, wherein the at least one number of frame numbering indices is adjusted based on determining.
[0036] In some examples of the fourth aspect, to adjust the at least one number of frame numbering indices may be determined based on at least one configuration of the at least one frame structure.
[0037] In some examples of the fourth aspect, the method may further comprise: configuring the at least one configuration for the at least one carrier.
[0038] In some examples of the fourth aspect, the at least one configuration may comprise at least one predefined configuration.
[0039] In some examples of the fourth aspect, to adjust the at least one number of frame numbering indices may be determined in a period of the at least one frame structure.
[0040] In some examples of the fourth aspect, the at least one number of frame numbering indices may be adjusted for the period or a next period of the at least one frame structure.
[0041] In some examples of the fourth aspect, the at least one adjusted number of frame numbering indices may be not equal to the at least one number of frame numbering indices of the at least one frame structure.
[0042] In some examples of the fourth aspect, the at least one adjusted number of frame numbering indices may be not equal in each period of the at least one frame structure.
[0043] In some examples of the fourth aspect, adjusting at least one number of frame numbering indices may comprise: ignoring at least one duration for at least one time resource of the at least one frame structure to decrease the at least one number of frame numbering indices; or adding at least one additional frame numbering index with no time duration to the at least one frame structure to increase the at least one number of frame numbering indices.
[0044] In some examples of the fourth aspect, the at least one number of frame numbering indices may be adjusted based on at least one configuration for the at least one carrier.
[0045] In some examples of the fourth aspect, the at least one configuration may be predefined or determined based on at least one network configuration.
[0046] In some examples of the fourth aspect, the at least one duration for at least one time resource may be ignored at the beginning of periods of the at least one frame structure, before or after the at least one duration for at least one uplink time resource in periods of the at least one frame structure, or before or after the at least one duration for at least one downlink time resource in periods of the at least one frame structure.
[0047] In some examples of the fourth aspect, the at least one additional frame numbering index with no time duration may be added at the end or beginning or one position inside of periods of the at least one frame structure.
[0048] In some examples of the fourth aspect, the time resource may comprise at least one of a frame, a subframe, a symbol, or a time duration.
[0049] In some examples of the fourth aspect, the method may further comprise: responsive to adjusting, maintaining at least one timer or at least one window used to perform the at least one of transmission or reception.
[0050] In some examples of the fourth aspect, the method may further comprise: adjusting at least one timer related to the at least one of transmission or reception based on the at least one adjusted number of frame numbering indices.
[0051] In some examples of the fourth aspect, the at least one timer may be associated with at least one Discontinuous Reception (DRX) active timing.
[0052] In some examples of the fourth aspect, the method may further comprise: switching a time duration of the at least one timer from a time-based operation to a number of frame numbering indices-based operation and vice versa.
[0053] In some examples of the fourth aspect, the method may further comprise: updating Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) information based on the at least one adjusted number of frame numbering indices.
[0054] In some examples of the fourth aspect, information indicating the at least one adjusted number of frame numbering indices may be defined in the Master Information Block (MIB) .
[0055] In some examples of the fourth aspect, the frame numbering indices may comprise a System Frame Number (SFN) , wherein at least one frame numbering index among the frame numbering indices may comprise the SFN of at least one time resource in the at least one frame structure.
[0056] In some examples of the fourth aspect, the at least one number of frame numbering indices may be a total number of frame indices.
[0057] In some examples of the fourth aspect, the mobile communications system may comprise a non-terrestrial network (NTN) system. In some examples of the fourth aspect, the mobile communications system may comprise a non-terrestrial network (NTN) system coexisting with a second system, wherein the NTN system may serve the apparatus. The second system may be a legacy system.
[0058] According to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program product comprises program instructions stored on a computer readable medium to execute steps according to any one of the examples of the methods according to the fourth aspect as outlined above when said program is executed on a computer.
[0059] According to a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable medium containing computer-executable instructions which when run on one or more processors perform the steps according to any one of the examples of the methods according to the fourth aspect as outline above.
[0060] The above-noted aspects and features may be implemented in systems, apparatuses, methods, articles and / or non-transitory computer-readable media depending on the desired configuration. The present disclosure may be implemented in and / or used with a number of different types of devices, including but not limited to cellular phones, tablet computers, wearable computing devices, portable media players, and any of various other computing devices.
[0061] This summary is intended to provide a brief overview of some of the aspects and features according to the present disclosure. Accordingly, it will be appreciated that the above-described features are merely examples and should not be construed to narrow the scope of the present disclosure in any way. Other features, aspects, and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description, drawings, and claims.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0062] A better understanding of the present disclosure can be obtained when the following detailed description of various embodiments is considered in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:
[0063] FIGURE 1 is a schematic diagram of an example of a (mobile / wireless) communications system or network according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0064] FIGURE 2 is a block diagram of an example of an apparatus according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0065] FIGURE 3 shows an example architecture of a non-terrestrial network;
[0066] FIGURE 4 illustrates an exemplary frame structure according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0067] FIGURE 5 is a flowchart of a method or process for adjusting SFN index counting in a mobile communications system according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0068] FIGURE 6 illustrates a schematic block diagram showing structures of an example of an apparatus to implement embodiments of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0069] The examples and embodiments set forth below represent information to enable those skilled in the art to practice the present disclosure. Upon reading the following description in light of the accompanying drawing figures, those skilled in the art will understand the concepts of the description and will recognize applications of these concepts not particularly addressed herein. These concepts and applications fall within the scope of the description.
[0070] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth. However, it is understood that embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known circuits, structures, and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure the understanding of the description. Those of ordinary skill in the art, with the included description, will be able to implement appropriate functionality without undue experimentation.
[0071] References in the specification to "one embodiment, " "an embodiment, " "an example embodiment, " etc., indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but every embodiment may not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. When a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to implement such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0072] It is to be noted that the detailed description, at times, refers to one or more specifications being used as non-limiting and illustrative examples for certain architectures, network configurations and system deployments. More specifically, the detailed description refers to 3GPP standards, being used as non-limiting and illustrative examples. As such, the various embodiments provided herein can specifically employ terminology which is directly related thereto. Such terminology is only used in the context of the non-limiting and illustrative examples and is not intended to limit the various embodiments in any way. Rather, any other system configuration or deployment may be utilized while complying with what is described herein and / or various embodiments are applicable to it.
[0073] For example, various embodiments are applicable in any (e.g., mobile / wireless) communication system, such as a 5G / NR system and a next-generation system beyond 5G. For example, various embodiments are applicable in a 3GPP-standardized mobile / wireless communication system of Release 19 onwards.
[0074] Hereinafter, various embodiments are described using several variants and / or alternatives. It is generally to be noted that, according to certain implementations or constraints, all the described variants and / or alternatives may be provided alone or in any conceivable combination (e.g., also including combinations of individual features of these various variants and / or alternatives) .
[0075] The words "comprising" and "including" do not limit the embodiments to consist of only those features that have been mentioned, and embodiments may also contain, among other things, e.g., features, structures, units, modules, or the like, that have not been specifically mentioned.
[0076] The wording "at least one of the following: <a list of two or more elements>" , "at least one of <a list of two or more elements>" , or the like such as "one or more of" , where the list of two or more elements are joined by "and" or "or" , mean at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all the elements.
[0077] According to various embodiments, any operations of sending or receiving may comprise actual transmission or communication operations, i.e., transmitting or communicating associated messages or signals, but may additionally or alternatively comprise related processing operations, i.e., preparing / generating / issuing associated messages or signals before sending and / or obtaining / handling / processing of associated messages or signals after receiving. For example, sending a message at / by an entity may comprise generating / issuing and / or transmitting / communicating thereof or a corresponding signal in / at / by the entity, and receiving a message at / by an entity may comprise obtaining / handling and / or processing thereof or a corresponding signal in / at / by the entity. A message may refer to and / or encompass any kind of corresponding information, signal, or the like.
[0078] In the drawings, it is to be noted that lines / arrows interconnecting individual blocks or entities are generally meant to illustrate an operational coupling there-between, which may be a physical and / or logical coupling, which on the one hand is implementation-independent (e.g., wired, or wireless) and on the other hand may also comprise an arbitrary number of intermediary functional blocks or entities not shown. In flowcharts or sequence diagrams, the illustrated order of operations or actions is generally non-limiting and illustrative, and any other order of respective operations or actions is conceivable, if feasible.
[0079] Embodiments described may be implemented in a communication network, such as any of the following radio access technologies (RATs) : World-wide Interoperability for Micro-wave Access (WiMAX) , Global System for Mobile communications (GSM, 2G) , GSM EDGE radio access Network (GERAN) , General Packet Radio Service (GRPS) , Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS, 3G) based on basic wideband-code division multiple access (W-CDMA) , high-speed packet access (HSPA) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced, and enhanced LTE (eLTE) , 5G (also called NR) , or any future RAT such as 6G. Moreover, communication within the communication network may utilize any proper wireless communication technology, comprising but not limited to: Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) , Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) , Time Division Duplex (TDD) , Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) , Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple (OFDM) , and / or Discrete Fourier Transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) .
[0080] As used herein, the term “network device” or “network node” refers to a node in a communication network via which user equipment may access the network and / or which is capable of controlling radio communication and managing radio resources within a cell. The network node or network device may be referred to as a base station (BS) , an access point (AP) or an access node. The network device may be, depending on the applied technology, for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , an NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, an Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) node, a low power node, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) or non-ground network device such as a satellite network device, a low earth orbit (LEO) satellite and a geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO) satellite, or an aircraft network device.
[0081] Moreover, in connection of split radio access network (RAN) , the network device may refer to a centralised unit (CU) of a base station and / or a distributed unit (DU) of a base station. An interface between CU and DU may be referred to as an F1 interface in NR. In the split RAN architecture, node operations may be carried out, at least partly, in the central / centralized unit, CU, (e.g. server, host or node) operationally coupled to the DU, (e.g. a radio head / node) . One CU may control one or more DUs, acting at least as transmit / receive (Tx / Rx) nodes. In some embodiments, the DUs may comprise e.g. a radio link control (RLC) , medium access control (MAC) layer and a physical (PHY) layer, whereas the CU may comprise the layers above RLC layer, such as a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio resource control (RRC) layer and an internet protocol (IP) layer. Other functional splits are possible too. In practice, any processing task may be performed in either the CU or the DU and the boundary where the responsibility is shifted between the CU and the DU may depend on the applied implementation.
[0082] The term “terminal device” refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communication. By way of example, a terminal device may be referred to as a communication device, user equipment (UE) , a Subscriber Station (SS) , or a Mobile Station (MS) . The terminal device may include a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones a tablet, a wearable terminal device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , portable computers, desktop computer, image capture terminal devices such as digital cameras, gaming terminal devices, music storage and playback appliances, vehicle-mounted wireless terminal devices, USB dongles, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery) , an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain con-texts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like.
[0083] A term “resource” , as used herein, may refer to radio resources in time domain, in frequency domain, in space domain, and / or in code domain. Some examples of resources include e.g. a physical resource block (PRB) , a radio frame, a subframe, a time slot, a subband, a frequency region, a sub-carrier, a beam, etc. The term “transmission” and / or “reception” may refer to wirelessly transmitting and / or receiving via a wireless propagation channel on radio resources.
[0084] It is noted that 3GPP standard documents to which it is referred in the present disclosure are to be understood as incorporated herein by reference.
[0085] FIGURE 1 illustrates an example of a (mobile / wireless) communication system or network according to embodiments of the present disclosure, i.e., an example of a (mobile / wireless) communication system or network to which examples disclosed herein may be applied. The communication network or a cellular communication network may comprise a network node 110 providing one or more cells, such as cell 100, and a network node 112 providing one or more other cells, such as cell 102. Each cell may be, e.g., a macro cell, a micro cell, femto, or a pico cell, for example. The cell may define a coverage area or a service area of the corresponding access node.
[0086] The network node 110 may provide a user equipment (UE) 120 (one or more UEs) with wireless access to the communication network. The wireless access may comprise downlink (DL) communication from the network node 110 to the UE 120 and uplink (UL) communication from the UE 120 to the network node 110. Examples of UL channels comprise physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) for transmitting control information and physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for transmitting data towards the network. Examples of DL channels comprise physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) for transmitting control information and physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for transmitting data towards the user equipment.
[0087] There may be a plurality of UEs 120, 122 in the system. Each of them may be served by the same or by different network nodes 110, 112. UE 120, 122 may be configured with dual connectivity (DC) , wherein the UE, e.g. UE 120, may be connected to multiple network nodes (e.g., both network node 110, 112) . The UE 120, 122 may communicate with each other, in case device-to-device (D2D) communication interface is established between them via a so-called sidelink (SL) . Such D2D communications may be referred to as machine-to-machine, peer-to-peer (P2P) communications, or vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) , for example.
[0088] In the case of multiple network nodes in the communication network, the network nodes may be connected to each other via an interface. LTE specifications call such an interface as X2 interface. An interface between an LTE node and a 5G node, or between two 5G nodes may be called Xn interface.
[0089] The network nodes 110, 112 may be further connected via another interface to a core network 116 of the communication network. The LTE specifications specify the core network as an evolved packet core (EPC) , and the core network may comprise e.g. a mobility management entity (MME) and a gateway node. The MME may handle mobility of terminal devices in a tracking area encompassing a plurality of cells and handle signaling connections between the terminal devices and the core network. The gateway node may handle data routing in the core network and to / from the terminal devices. The 5G specifications specify the core network as a 5G core (5GC) . The 5G core may comprise e.g. an access and mobility management function (AMF) and a user plane function / gateway (UPF) and other functions. The AMF may handle termination of non-access stratum (NAS) signaling, NAS ciphering &integrity protection, registration management, connection management, mobility management, access authentication and authorization, security context management. The UPF node may support packet routing and forwarding, packet inspection and quality of service (QoS) handling, for example.
[0090] FIGURE 2 shows, by way of example, a block diagram of an apparatus 200 according to embodiments of the present disclosure, i.e., an example of an apparatus to implement examples disclosed herein. The apparatus 200 comprises, for example, at least one processor 210 and at least one memory 220 storing instructions 230 that, when executed by the at least one processor 210, cause the apparatus 200 at least to perform the method or methods as disclosed herein, and any of the embodiments thereof. In an example, the at least one memory 220 and the instructions 230 (e.g., a computer program code, software) are configured, with the at least one processor 210, to cause the apparatus 200 to perform the method or methods as disclosed herein, and any of the embodiments thereof.
[0091] A processor 210 may comprise circuitry, or be constituted as circuitry or circuitries, the circuitry or circuitries being configured to perform phases of methods in accordance with example embodiments described herein.
[0092] As used in this application, the term “circuitry” may refer to one or more or all of the following: (a) hardware-only circuit implementations, such as implementations in only analog and / or digital circuitry, and (b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as, as applicable: (i) a combination of analog and / or digital hard-ware circuit (s) with software / firmware and (ii) any portions of hardware processor (s) with software (including digital signal processor (s) ) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a user equipment, to perform various functions) and (c) hardware circuit (s) and or processor (s) , such as a microprocessor (s) or a portion of a microprocessor (s) , that re-quires software (e.g., firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.
[0093] The memory 220 may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology. The memory 220 may comprise a database for storing data. The memory 220 may be at least in part external to apparatus 200 but accessible to apparatus 200.
[0094] The instructions 230 may be comprised in a computer readable medium or a non-transitory computer readable medium. A term non-transitory, as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e. tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g. random-access memory, RAM, vs. read only memory, ROM) .
[0095] For example, the apparatus 200 is a terminal device, such as the UE 120 / 122 described with reference to FIGURE 1. As another example, the apparatus 200 is comprised in such a terminal device, e.g., as a chipset configured to control the terminal device. The apparatus 200 may be caused or configured to perform at least the method of FIGURE 5 and / or any one or more of the embodiments described.
[0096] As another example, the apparatus 200 is a network node such as the network node 110 / 112 described with reference to FIGURE 1. In another embodiment, the apparatus 200 is comprised in such a network node, e.g., as a chipset configured to control the network node. The apparatus 200 may be caused or configured to perform at least the method of FIGURE 5 and / or any one or more of the embodiments described.
[0097] The apparatus 200 may comprise one or more entities of any of protocol layers, such as a MAC entity, an RRC entity, an RLC entity, a PDCP entity or a PHY entity. In some embodiments, the entity is configured to perform one or more of the methods of FIGURE 5 and / or any one or more of the embodiments described.
[0098] The apparatus 200 comprises a radio interface 240. The radio interface 240 may provide the apparatus 200 with communication capabilities. The radio interface 240 may comprise a receiver configured to receive information in accordance with at least one cellular or non-cellular standard. The radio interface 240 may comprise a transmitter configured to transmit information in accordance with at least one cellular or non-cellular standard. The receiver may comprise more than one receiver. The transmitter may comprise more than one transmitter. The radio interface 240 may comprise a transceiver configured to receive and transmit information in accordance with at least one cellular or non-cellular standard. The transceiver may comprise more than one transceiver.
[0099] The apparatus 200 may comprise a user interface 250 comprising, for example, at least one of a keypad, a microphone, a touch display, a display, a speaker, etc. The user interface 250 may be used to control the apparatus by the user. The user interface 250 may be external to the apparatus 200. For example, the apparatus 200 may be connected to another device, such as a computer, either via wireless or wired connection, and the apparatus 200 is controlled by the user via the computer.
[0100] In an embodiment, at least some of the processes described herein may be carried out by an apparatus comprising means for carrying out at least some of the described processes. Means for performing method steps as disclosed herein may include software and / or hardware components of the apparatus 200. For example, the at least one processor 210, the memory 220, and the computer program code form means for carrying out the method or methods as disclosed herein, and any of the embodiments thereof.
[0101] As used herein the term “means” is to be construed in singular form, i.e. referring to a single element, or in plural form, i.e. referring to a combination of single elements. Therefore, terminology “means for [performing A, B, C] ” , is to be interpreted to cover an apparatus in which there is only one means for performing A, B and C, or where there are separate means for performing A, B and C, or partially or fully over-lapping means for performing A, B, C. Further, terminology “means for performing A, means for performing B, means for performing C” is to be interpreted to cover an apparatus in which there is only one means for performing A, B and C, or where there are separate means for performing A, B and C, or partially or fully overlapping means for performing A, B, C.
[0102] According to the 5G NR standards, the (mobile / wireless) communication system or network as shown in FIGURE 1 may be coexisting with another (mobile / wireless) communication system or network. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the another (mobile / wireless) communication system or network may comprise a non-terrestrial networks (NTN) system or network. In the NTN system, 5G base stations (gNBs) may be deployed on board of satellites and / or satellites may act as a kind of relay for ground-based gNBs to provide communication coverage over a very large area that may be otherwise unreachable by cellular networks. Such functionality can be used to connect Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices globally as well as provide personal communication in remote areas and in disaster relief.
[0103] As shown in FIGURE 3, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) refers to a network, or a segment of networks using radio frequency (RF) resources on board of a satellite or UAS platform. Practically speaking, NTN refers to a UE or IoT device which is interfaced to a satellite (also referred to herein as a non-terrestrial node) via a service link, the satellite is interfaced to an NTN gateway (also referred to herein as a terrestrial node) via a feeder link, and the NTN gateway is interfaced to a Core Network and / or Home Network.
[0104] From Radio Access Network (RAN) architecture, particularly in view of the protocols that need to be supported by the satellite, the satellite may operate according to the following scenarios: a transparent satellite payload scenario and a regenerative satellite payload scenario.
[0105] In the transparent satellite payload scenario, the satellite does not terminate NR-Uu, i.e., the satellite repeats the NR-Uu radio interface from the feeder link to the service link and vice versa. In this scenario, the satellite does not process any payload.
[0106] In the regenerative satellite payload scenario, the satellite is supporting all radio network layer protocols and therefore implements regeneration of the signals received from the NTN gateway (i.e., from earth) . In this scenario, the satellite is processing payloads such that the satellite can store and forward information and can establish communication to neighboring satellites via Inter Satellite Link (ISL) .
[0107] Before referring to FIGURE 5 and describing the methods for adjusting SFN index counting in a mobile communications system according to embodiments of the present disclosure, some background information and aspects related to the present disclosure will be provided.
[0108] For 3GPP Release 19, a Time Division Duplex (TDD) mode for an NTN system (e.g., the IoT NTN) is discussed.
[0109] The discussion aims to specify enhancements for NB-IoT NTN to enable NTN operation with a NB IoT TDD mode leveraging commonalities with half-duplex NB-IoT FDD NTN, by defining a NB-IoT TDD mode for NTN based on minimum changes to the NB-IoT NTN FDD frame structure and procedures for the NB-IoT operation in the targeted unpaired Mobile Switching Center Server (MSS) allocated band. The discussion is based on assumptions, including satellites with Low Earth Orbit (LEO) of 600 km and 1200 km (as specified in 3GPP TR 36.763) , the 1616-1626.5 MHz MSS allocated band, standalone deployment with anchor and non-anchor carriers (i.e., operating in carrier (s) used only for NB-IoT) , and operate with Earth fixed Tracking area, with either Earth fixed cells or Earth moving cells for Non-Geostationary Satellite Orbit (NGSO) . The NB-IoT NTN TDD mode is to allow configuring usage of radio resources in the targeted MSS allocated band with a periodic subset of the uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) subframes in a number N of radio frames (e.g., N = 9) . The periodic pattern is to consist of non-overlapping set of usable contiguous UL subframes and set of usable contiguous DL subframes, and guard periods, which is periodic every N radio frames (e.g., N = 9) . No blind detection is assumed at the UE. The value of N and the configuration of the periodic pattern are fixed per band.
[0110] That is, the discussion focuses on the specification for IoT NTN in TDD mode, especially for Iridium satellite deployed band (i.e., the 1616-1626.5 MHz MSS allocated band) . The band is a TDD band, i.e., the carriers are unpaired. In this band, there is already one legacy system (also referred to as a second system) ongoing, while some resource can be utilized as IoT NTN.
[0111] IoT NTN is considered to only support FDD carrier but not support TDD carrier. That is, the discussion is to specify the system on how to define IoT NTN in TDD mode while to reuse IoT NTN FDD processing. For the Iridium band (for example) , there is already TDD frame structure. An example of the frame structure is illustrated in FIGURE 4.
[0112] As illustrated, the frame structure has 90ms as period and comprises a SIMPLEX time slot with a time duration of 20.32ms, four UL time durations UL1 to UL4, each with a time duration of 8.28ms, and four DL time durations DL1 to DL4, each with a time duration of 8.28ms. The frame structure may also include one or more guard periods.
[0113] According to the discussion, the IoT NTN in TDD mode is to be defined such that the IoT NTN system (e.g., Iridium) can take one UL duration (i.e., at least one UP duration) and one DL duration (i.e., at least one DL duration) for IoT NTN processing, while all the other resources (i.e., remaining UP / DL durations) can be utilized for the legacy system (i.e., the second system) which is unknown to the IoT NTN system (or network) .
[0114] The IoT NTN in TDD mode is considered to have the following constraints (e.g., for operation within the same band as the TDD frame structure of the legacy system in the 1.6 GHz MSS band) : At the satellite, all downlink NB-IoT channels / signals in a cell can only use one of the downlink slots in the TDD frame structure (e.g., DL1, DL2, DL3 or DL4) across 90ms periods. The same DL slot is used in all the 90ms periods. At the satellite, all uplink NB-IoT channels / signals in the cell can only use one of the uplink slots in the TDD frame structure (e.g., UL1, UL2, UL3 or UL4) across 90ms periods. The same uplink slot is used in all the 90ms periods. The one uplink slot and one downlink slot in the TDD frame structure have the same index (DL1 &UL1, DL2 &UL2, DL3 &UL3, or DL4 &UL4) .
[0115] That is, as only one UL duration and one DL duration (in a pair) may be utilized for IoT NTN in TDD mode, the time resource that may be utilized for IoT NTN is about 8ms for UL and 8ms for DL in every 90ms period. In this case, there may be an issue for the SFN (System Frame Number) , where each SFN contains 10ms.
[0116] For example, in legacy 3GPP IoT NTN system, the SFN index is counted as 0, 1, …, 1022, 1023. After SFN index 1023, the SFN index turns back to 0. This SFN index counting can also be utilized in the calculation for time resource of periodic transmissions of Semi Persistent Scheduling (SPS) , the Discontinuous Reception (DRX) on duration timer, the preconfigured uplink resource, as well as the Paging Occasion. The SFN counting is linear in time. That is, the time between increments of each SFN number is the same and constant.
[0117] As an example, 1024*10ms is a not multiple of the Iridium system period of 90ms, so that the legacy SFN processing does not work. Accordingly, there is need for handling mismatch between SFN counting and Iridium system periodicity.
[0118] More specifically, the periodic channel / signal that fall into unavailable SFN (i.e., SFN not available for the IoT NTN system but utilized by the legacy system) cannot be received, resulting in low efficiency of periodic channel / signal and utilization of the SFN. That is, when the frame structure is 90ms period and legacy SFN is utilized, some periodic (e.g., with period as multiple of 8) channel / signal that fall into unavailable SFN cannot be received as they cannot be transmitted because of resource unavailable. These channel / signal have to be missed and wait for next chance for transmission / reception, causing an increase of the latency of the channel / signal and reduce efficiency of the system. The efficiency of the SFN utilization will be significantly reduced and the frequency of SFN index restart will be increased significantly, while it is not aligned with the available number of SFN.
[0119] The present disclosure and embodiments thereof aim at providing a technique for SFN index counting that improves efficiency of the SFN utilization and thus efficiency of the system. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for SFN index counting is provided. The SFN index counting according to the embodiments of the present disclosure is to be adjusted in a period of frame structure, where one or more SFN duration (e.g., 10ms) may be not counted for the SFN index because of unavailable for the UE, or the UE will add one or more additional SFN index for each of the period of the frame structure, but not based on exact absolute time with some of SFN not available for the UE (or the system) . According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, the SFN are no longer constant in time, meaning that the amount of time between each change of value of SFN may no longer be the same.
[0120] Now, methods for adjusted SFN index counting according to embodiments of the present disclosure will be described. In some examples, the adjusted SFN index counting is performed for periods of a TDD frame structure.
[0121] FIGURE 5 illustrates a flowchart of a method 500 or process for communicating in a mobile communications system according to embodiments of the present disclosure. More specifically, FIGURE 5 illustrates the flowchart of the method 500 or process for adjusting SFN index counting.
[0122] The method 500 or process may be performed in a wireless communications system. More specifically, the method 500 may be performed by a user equipment (UE) of the wireless communications system such as user device or terminal device, or by an apparatus for use in the UE. For example, the UE may be represented by any one of the UEs 120 and 122 of the wireless network as described above with reference to FIGURE 1.
[0123] In some examples, the method 500 or the process may be performed in a mobile communications system (e.g., a 5G system) comprising an NTN system. In some examples, the method 500 or the process may be performed in a mobile communications system (e.g., a 5G system) comprising an NTN system coexisting with a second system. In the examples of the present disclosure, the NTN system may serve the UE. The second system may be any other communications system including a legacy system (e.g., 3GPP 4G / LTE communications system) .
[0124] Although the method 500 or the process is described as being performed by the UE of the wireless communications system, it is to be noted that the method 500 or the process may also be performed by a network node of the wireless communications system such as a base station or a master node, or by an apparatus for use in the network node. For example, the network node may be represented by any one of the base stations 110 and 112 of the wireless network as described above with reference to FIGURE 1. That is, the method 500 or the process may be performed by a network node of the NTN system, serving the UE.
[0125] It is to be noted that examples of the method 500 or the process are not limited to the sequence of operations illustrated in FIGURE 5. Unless explicitly stated differently, the operations may also be performed in any other sequence, even in parallel.
[0126] In some examples, the UE 120 / 122 is connected to, and served by, the mobile communications system. More specifically, the UE 120 / 122 is served by the NTN system. The UE 120 / 122 is located in an area (i.e., a cell 100) served by a base station (e.g., gNB 110) or a network node of the mobile communications system. More specifically, in some examples, the UE 120 / 122 is served by a base station or network node of the NTN system.
[0127] The method 500 starts at operation 510. In operation 510, the UE 120 / 122 adjusts a (i.e., at least one) number of frame numbering indices for a (i.e., at least one) frame structure of a (i.e., at least one) carrier. That is, the number of frame numbering index for the frame structure of the carrier may be adjusted. In case of a plurality of carriers, a number of frame numbering index for a frame structure of one or more (up to each) of the plurality of carriers may be adjusted. Similarly, in case the mobile communications system supports a plurality of number of frame numbering indices and / or a plurality of frame structures, the adjustment may be performed for one or more (up to each) of the plurality of number of frame numbering indices and / or for one or more (up to each) of the plurality of frame structures may be performed.
[0128] In some examples, the frame numbering indices comprises (or is) a System Frame Number (SFN) as described above. In these examples, a frame numbering index among the frame numbering indices comprises the SFN of a time resource in the frame structure.
[0129] An example of the frame structure is described above with reference to FIGURE 4. In some examples, the time resource in the frame structure may comprise a frame (i.e., one or more frames) , a subframe (i.e., one or more subframes) , a symbol (i.e., one or more symbols) or a time duration (i.e., one or more time durations) of the frame structure or a period of the frame structure. As shown in FIGURE 4, the period of the frame structure may be 90ms.
[0130] Herein, it is to be understood that the number of frame numbering indices may be a total number of frame numbering indices (e.g., a total number of SFN) . In some examples, such as the example of the frame structure described above with reference to FIGURE 4, the total number of the frame numbering indices may be 9 (or a multiple thereof) .
[0131] In some examples, the operation 510 may be performed responsive to determining that the number of frame numbering indices for the frame structure of the carrier is to be adjusted. The adjustment in operation 510 may also be based on the determination (e.g., a result of the determination. The determination to adjust may, in some examples, be based on a configuration of the frame structure. The configuration may be configured or predefined for the carrier. In case of a plurality of carriers, the configuration may include a plurality of configurations for a plurality of frame structures
[0132] For example, the frame structure as shown in FIGURE 4 may be configured. That is, the frame structure may be configured at the UE and / or at the network node and / or within the NTN system. As shown in FIGURE 4, the frame structure may include, among others, a plurality of uplink (UL) durations and a plurality of downlink (DL) durations. Each of the UL / DL durations may have a (configured) time duration (e.g., 8.28ms as shown in FIGURE 4) . Among the UL / DL durations, only some of the UL / DL durations may be available for the NTN system, while the other UL / DL durations may be utilized by the second system (e.g., the legacy system) . For example, only one DL duration and only one UL duration may be available for the NTN system (i.e., the pair of UL / DL durations shown in FIGURE 4 as UL1 and DL1) .
[0133] The adjustment of the number of the frame numbering indices for the frame structure (i.e., operation 510) may be performed for a period of the frame structure or for another period (e.g., a next period) of the frame structure. That is, in response to determining to adjust the number of the frame numbering indices in a period of the frame structure (e.g., the period of 90ms as shown in FIGURE 4) , the number of the frame numbering indices may be adjusted in operation 510 for the period of the frame structure or for the next period (i.e., the period subsequent to the period in which the determination was performed) .
[0134] Examples of the operation 510 to adjust the number of the frame numbering indices for the frame structure will be described below.
[0135] In operation 520, the method 500 or the process determines a timing based on the adjusted number of the frame numbering indices. That is, in order to guarantee that a channel / signal (e.g., a transmission or a reception) falls into the SFN that is available for the UE (or the NTN system) , the timing for the transmission (also referred to as transmission timing) and / or the timing for the reception (also referred to as reception timing) , i.e., the timing that allows the channel / signal to be transmitted or received to fall into the available SFN for the UE (or the system) , is determined. For example, the UE may determine a transmission timing based on the adjusted number of the frame numbering indices. That is, the UE may determine the transmission timing of UL1 of the frame structure shown in FIGURE 4, that is available for the UE and that can be utilized by the UE for transmission. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may determine the reception timing of DL1 of the frame structure shown in FIGURE 4, that is available for the UE and that can be utilized by the UE for reception. It is to be noted that separate timings for transmission or reception may be determined or one timing that is utilized for both transmission and reception.
[0136] Based on the timing determined in operation 520, the UE performs transmission and / or reception according to the timing in operation 530. Herein, transmission and / reception at the UE is to be understood as transmitting / receiving any type of information (e.g., control information or data) to / from the network (e.g., the network node) as well as monitoring. In some examples, in operation 530, the UE may perform a transmission of data or control information to the network according to the transmission timing (or the timing) determined in operation 520. In operation 530, the UE may also perform a reception of data or control information from the network or perform monitoring according to the reception timing (or the timing) determined in operation 520. As described above, based on the transmission / reception timing determined in operation 520, the transmission / reception is aligned with and falls into the available SFN for the UE (or the system) .
[0137] Examples of the operation 510 to adjust the number of the frame numbering indices for the frame structure comprise ignoring a duration (i.e., one or more durations) for a time resource (i.e., a frame, a subframe, a symbol, or a time duration) of the frame structure to decrease the number of frame numbering indices, or adding one additional frame numbering index with no time duration to the frame structure to increase the number of frame numbering indices. For example, the (total) number of SFN is decreased by one SFN (e.g., from 9 to 8) or increased by one SFN (e.g., from 9 to 10) . It is to be noted that in the case of adding one additional frame numbering (i.e., increase for the total number) , no time duration is added.
[0138] Due to the adjustment in operation 510, the number of the number of frame numbering indices changed (i.e., the adjusted total number is not equal to the total number prior to the adjustment) . As already described hereinbelow, the SFN may be decreased by ignoring the duration or increased by adding an SFN without time duration. In some examples, the adjustment in operation 510 may be performed for each period of the frame structure. That is, the adjusted number of the frame numbering indices may be not equal in each period of the frame structure (i.e., the total number changes in each period) .
[0139] In operation 510, the duration which may be ignored to decrease the number of the frame numbering indices (i.e., the SFN index counting) may be at the beginning of a period of the frame structure, before or after the duration for a uplink time resource (e.g., UL1 in the frame structure shown in FIGURE 4) in a period of the frame structure, or before or after the duration for a downlink time resource (e.g., DL1 in the frame structure shown in FIGURE 4) in a period of the frame structure.
[0140] In operation 510, the additional frame numbering index with no time duration which may be added to increase the number of the frame numbering indices (i.e., the SFN index counting) may be at the end or at the beginning of a period of the frame structure. In other examples, the additional frame numbering index with no time duration may be at any position inside of the period of the frame structure.
[0141] In some examples, the adjustment of the number of frame numbering index (i.e., ignore an SFN index or add an SFN index) may be based on the configuration for the carrier. That is, the configuration may indicate as to perform the adjustment in operation 510 by adding or ignoring as well as the position inside the period of the frame structure where to ignore the duration or add the additional frame numbering index with no time duration. For example, the configuration may indicate to ignore the duration at the beginning of the period of the frame structure.
[0142] In some examples, the configuration based on which the adjustment in operation 510 is to be performed may be predefined (e.g., by the standard) or determined based on a configuration from the network. That is, the UE may determine the configuration for the adjustment based on a configuration, which the UE received from a network node of the mobile communications system (e.g., a base station of the NTN system) .
[0143] In some examples of the method 500 or the process shown in FIGURE 5, a timer or window (i.e., timing window) that is to be used in performing the transmission and / or the reception according to the determined timing (operation 530) may be maintained in response to the adjustment of the number of the frame numbering indices. That is, the UE may adjust the number of the frame numbering indices (i.e., the total number of SFN index) by adding or removing one or more SFN numbers as described above, the UE shall not adjust any running timers and / or windows.
[0144] In some other examples, the UE may adjust timers and waiting periods such that monitoring (i.e., reception) or active periods (i.e., transmission) happen within an active period of transmission by the network node (e.g., the base station of the NTN system serving the UE) . That is, the UE may adjust a timer or window related to the transmission or reception based on the adjusted number of the frame numbering indices. An example of a timer and a (waiting) period which may be adjusted comprises the DRX active timing (s) . That is, a timer or window associated with DRX may be adjusted. Other examples of adjusting the timer may include switching a time duration of the timer from a time-based operation (i.e., an operation based on milliseconds) to an operation based on the number of frame numbering indices (i.e., a number of SFNs / slots or SFN / slot count) and vice versa.
[0145] Other examples of the method 500 or the process shown in FIGURE 5 comprise information of a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) to be updated based on the adjusted number of the frame numbering indices. The updating of the PBCH information may be performed by the network node of the NTN system. Additionally, or alternatively, the adjusted number of the frame numbering indices may also be indicated from the network node to the UE to from the UE to the network node. For example, the Master Information Block (MIB) or a System Information Block (SIB) may include information indicating the adjusted number of frame numbering indices, determined by the network node performing operations of the method 500 or the process shown in FIGURE 5 and signaled to the UE.
[0146] As already described above, the embodiments according to the present disclosure may be implemented in a NR system having a system (e.g., an NTN system) . As already described above, the embodiments according to the present disclosure may be implemented in a NR system having a first system (e.g., an NTN system) coexisting with a second system (e.g., a legacy system) , wherein the second system is not used for serving the UE (for example) . An example of such a NR system may include an IoT NTN system.
[0147] That is, embodiments according to the present disclosure provide a method of SFN index counting (i.e., number of the frame numbering index) . The SFN index counting is adjusted in a period of a frame structure (e.g., a TDD frame structure) , where one or more SFN duration (e.g., 10ms) will not be counted for the SFN index because the one or more SFN duration are unavailable for the system or the UE (e.g., for reception or transmission by the system or the UE) , or one or more additional SFN index are added by the system or the UE (e.g., after each of the period of the frame structure) . The adjustment according to the present disclosure is not based on exact absolute time with some of the SFN not available for the system or the UE. Thus, the SFN is no longer “constant in time” , meaning that the amount of time between each change of value of the SFN may no longer be the same.
[0148] The embodiments of the present disclosure allow to guarantee that the periodic channel / signal falls into an available SFN for the UE and thus increases the efficiency of periodic channel / signal in the carrier with the frame structure (e.g., a non-IoT frame structure) and reduces the latency of the periodic channel / signal. The above-described embodiments of the present disclosure thus increase the system efficiency.
[0149] Referring again to FIGURE 5, illustrating the method 500 or the process according to embodiments of the present disclosure, some specific examples will be described.
[0150] In operation 510, the UE may, in response to determining to adjust, perform an adjustment of the SFN index for the frame structure. The adjusted SFN number (i.e., the number of frame numbering indices) in each period of the frame structure may be not equal (e.g., smaller or larger than the number of SFN that a period of the frame structure contains) .
[0151] For example, in a TDD band where the NTN system coexists with a second system (e.g., Iridium satellite system in Iridium’s operation band, not for 3GPP NTN) that is not serving the UE, the UE determines the frame structure (or is configured by specification, e.g., by linking a specific channel / carrier to a specific frame structure) .
[0152] For example, the UE may have less SFN counted in one period of the frame structure. In this case, it may be predefined or configured that some of the SFN durations is not be counted for SFN index increasing. That is, in case the UE has less SFN counted in one period of the frame structure shown in FIGURE 4 (e.g., incrementing the SFN number / count by 8 in the 90ms period of the frame structure) . As one example, the first SFN duration (e.g., 10ms) may be not counted for SFN index increasing for Iridium carrier for IoT NTN in TDD mode, then 8 SFN may be counted for each period of the frame structure. In this case, UE is not to count the first 10ms for SFN index increasing, then the subframe index will be continuous before and after the ignored 10ms. In some other examples, some other 10ms duration within the frame structure period will not be counted for SFN index increasing.
[0153] As another example, 5 SFN durations (e.g., 10ms for each SFN duration) that is not available for the UE may be not counted for SFN index increasing, so that 4 SFN will be counted for each period of the frame structure. The 5 SFN duration may be localized or distributed in the 90ms period of the frame structure.
[0154] For cases that some SFN duration is ignored for SFN index increasing, the ignored SFN duration may be predefined or configured by the network. The ignored SFN duration may be at the beginning of the frame structure, before or after the UL duration, before or after the DL duration, etc. The ignored SFN duration may also be any other SFN duration (s) .
[0155] For example, the UE may have more SFN counted in one period of the frame structure, after each period of the frame structure. In this case, the UE may increase the SFN index by N before counting the SFN index in the next period of the frame structure. As one example, for Iridium carrier for IoT NTN in TDD mode, after each period of the frame structure (i.e., 90ms) , one additional SFN index may be added before counting SFN index in the next period of the frame structure.
[0156] The processing of adding additional SFN index may be at end of one SFN or at other time point but the subframe index during the SFN will be not impacted.
[0157] For cases that some SFN duration is ignored for SFN index increasing, the parameter N can be predefined or configured by network. For example, the standard and / or the configuration may define which SFN (s) the UE adds / removes. The UE may add / remove before the UL occasion, between the UL and DL occasions, or after the DL occasion within the frame structure (e.g., the TDD frame structure shown in FIGURE 4) . The adjustment of the SFN index may be predefined (e.g., per carrier / band) or based on network configuration, e.g., in MIB or SIB.
[0158] In some examples, where the method 500 or the process shown in FIGURE 5 is performed by the network node (e.g., eNB) , the network node is to update the PBCH accordingly such that there is a match between the SFN information provided in the broadcast information and the SFN the UE has counted.
[0159] In operation 520, the UE may calculate the (exact) transmission timing and reception timing based on the adjusted SFN index. For several channels / signals, the transmission timing and reception timing may be calculated based on SFN. In operation 520, UE may calculate the transmission timing / reception timing based on the adjusted SFN index.
[0160] As one example (e.g., for NPBCH) , the frame that contain NPBCH may be in radio frames fulfilling nfmod64=0, where nf is the nf of the adjusted (e.g., 8 or 4 SFN counted for each period of the frame structure) SFN index. Based on a selection of the DL slot, the NPBCH may always exist in every nf mode 64=0, but does not fall into any SFN that will not be available for the IoT NTN system but for Iridium legacy system or for any gap.
[0161] As one another example (e.g., for SIB1) , the System Information Block Type1-NB (SIB1-NB) uses a fixed schedule with a periodicity of 2560ms. In this case, the UE may determine the period of SIB1-NB based on the adjusted SFN (which may also be referred to as the virtual SFN) for the system serving the UE. In this case, based on an option of the subframe index of the DLx, every or a large ratio SIB-NB can be transmitted, instead of many SIB-NB that fall into SFN not available for the IoT NTN system.
[0162] For the SPS transmission, paging occasion, Random Access Channel (RACH) occasion, Random Access Response (RAR) , and for all other periodic transmission, the adjusted SFN according to the present disclosure may be utilized for the calculation of the transmission timing and / or the reception timing. Many period transmissions / receptions will therefore not fall into time that is not for the system serving the UE, but fall into SFN that is for the system, thereby improving the efficiency of the periodic transmission / reception. In such examples, the UE may apply the adjusted SFN index in equations where the current 3GPP standard specification defines the UE is to use the legacy SFN index.
[0163] In some examples, the timers or time windows may be adjusted such that the UE monitoring / measuring / listening are adjusted to fit in the active periods of the serving cell. In one example, the DRX cycle with length T may be adjusted such that the adjusted cycle length Tnew is given by the equation: Tnew=90N ms , where
[0164] In operation 530, the UE may transmit / receive based on the adjusted SFN index. In some examples, the UE may also be able to read the adjusted SFN index by receiving the MIB on the NPBCH (available in at least one of the DL occasions) . Thus, the network may also count the adjusted SFN index and update the MIB accordingly.
[0165] An apparatus according to an example of the present disclosure may represent or realize / embody a (e.g., part of a) a user equipment (UE) as an example of a terminal device, wireless device, or entity. Other examples of the apparatus may represent or realize / embody a (e.g., part of a) network entity (such as any kind of base station or the like) as an example of a network node, a network device or a network entity. Such apparatus may be illustrated or realized as is shown in FIGURE 2.
[0166] Such apparatus may also be illustrated or realized as is shown in FIGURE 6 (i.e., the apparatus 600 shown in FIGURE 6 in a configuration) . The apparatus 600 may comprise (at least) one or more unit / means / circuitry, denoted by processing section 610, which represent any implementation for (or configured to) adjusting the number of frame numbering indices for the frame structure of the carrier. The processing section 620 may also be for (or configured to) determining the transmission timing or the reception timing based on the adjusted number of frame numbering indices. The apparatus 600 may further comprise (at least) one or more unit / means / circuitry, denoted by receiving section 620 and transmitting section 630, which represent any implementation for (or configured to) performing the reception according to the reception timing or the transmission according to the transmission timing respectively. In some examples, the receiving section 620 and the transmitting section 630 may also be implemented as a transceiving section (not shown) for (or configured to) performing the reception according to the reception timing or the transmission according to the transmission timing.
[0167] For further details regarding the operability / functionality of the apparatuses (or units / means thereof) according to some examples of the present disclosure, reference is made to the above description in connection with any one of FIGURES 1 to 5, respectively.
[0168] The apparatuses according to some examples of the present disclosure may comprise or be coupled to other units or modules etc., such as radio parts or radio heads, used in or for transmission and / or reception. Although the apparatuses have been described as one entity, different modules and memory may be implemented in one or more physical or logical entities.
[0169] The apparatuses may comprise or be coupled to other units or modules etc., such as radio parts or radio heads, used in or for transmission and / or reception. Although the apparatuses have been described as one entity, different modules and memory may be implemented in one or more physical or logical entities.
[0170] It is noted that whilst embodiments have been described in relation to LTE and 5G NR, similar principles can be applied in relation to other networks and communication systems where enforcing fast connection re-establishment is required. Therefore, although certain embodiments were described above by way of example with reference to certain example architectures for wireless networks, technologies and standards, embodiments may be applied to any other suitable forms of communication systems than those illustrated and described herein.
[0171] It is also noted herein that while the above describes examples, there are several variations and modifications which may be made to the disclosed solution without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
[0172] In general, the various examples may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic, or any combination thereof. Some aspects of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor, or other computing device, although the present disclosure is not limited thereto. While various aspects of the present disclosure may be illustrated and described as block diagrams, flow charts, or using some other pictorial representation, it is well understood that these blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques, or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0173] Embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by computer software executable by a data processor of the mobile device, such as in the processor entity, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. Computer software or program, also called program product, including software routines, applets and / or macros, may be stored in any apparatus-readable data storage medium and they comprise program instructions to perform particular tasks. A computer program product may comprise one or more computer-executable components which, when the program is run, are configured to carry out embodiments. The one or more computer-executable components may be at least one software code or portions of it.
[0174] Further in this regard it should be noted that any blocks of the logic flow as in the figures may represent program steps, or interconnected logic circuits, blocks and functions, or a combination of program steps and logic circuits, blocks, and functions. The software may be stored on such physical media as memory chips, or memory blocks implemented within the processor, magnetic media such as hard disk or floppy disks, and optical media such as for example DVD and the data variants thereof, CD. The physical media is a non-transitory media.
[0175] The memory may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as semiconductor-based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory, and removable memory. The data processors may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment, and may comprise one or more of general-purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) , application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , FPGA, gate level circuits and processors based on multi-core processor architecture, as non-limiting examples.
[0176] Embodiments of the present disclosure may be practiced in various components such as integrated circuit modules. The design of integrated circuits is by and large a highly automated process. Complex and powerful software tools are available for converting a logic level design into a semiconductor circuit design ready to be etched and formed on a semiconductor substrate.
[0177] The foregoing description has provided by way of non-limiting examples a full and informative description of examples of the present disclosure. However, various modifications and adaptations may become apparent to those skilled in the relevant arts in view of the foregoing description, when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the appended claims. However, all such and similar modifications of the teachings of this invention will still fall within the scope of the present disclosure as defined in the appended claims. Indeed, there is an additional example comprising a combination of one or more examples with any of the other examples previously discussed.
Claims
1.An apparatus in a mobile communications system, comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to:adjust at least one number of frame numbering indices for at least one frame structure of at least one carrier;determine at least one transmission timing or reception timing based on the at least one adjusted number of frame numbering indices; andperform at least one of transmission according to the at least one transmission timing or reception according to the at least one reception timing.2.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus to:determine to adjust the at least one number of frame numbering indices for the at least one frame structure, wherein the at least one number of frame numbering indices is adjusted based on determining.3.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein to adjust the at least one number of frame numbering indices is determined based on at least one configuration of the at least one frame structure.4.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus to:configure the at least one configuration for the at least one carrier.5.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the at least one configuration comprises at least one predefined configuration.6.The apparatus of any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein to adjust the at least one number of frame numbering indices is determined in a period of the at least one frame structure.7.The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the at least one number of frame numbering indices is adjusted for the period or a next period of the at least one frame structure.8.The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 7, the at least one adjusted number of frame numbering indices is not equal to the at least one number of frame numbering indices of the at least one frame structure.9.The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the at least one adjusted number of frame numbering indices is not equal in each period of the at least one frame structure.10.The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein, to adjust at least one number of frame numbering indices, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus to:ignore at least one duration for at least one time resource of the at least one frame structure to decrease the at least one number of frame numbering indices; oradd at least one additional frame numbering index with no time duration to the at least one frame structure to increase the at least one number of frame numbering indices.11.The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the at least one number of frame numbering indices is adjusted based on at least one configuration for the at least one carrier.12.The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the at least one configuration is predefined or determined based on at least one network configuration.13.The apparatus of any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the at least one duration for at least one time resource is ignored at the beginning of periods of the at least one frame structure, before or after the at least one duration for at least one uplink time resource in periods of the at least one frame structure, or before or after the at least one duration for at least one downlink time resource in periods of the at least one frame structure.14.The apparatus of any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein the at least one additional frame numbering index with no time duration is added at the end or beginning or one position inside of periods of the at least one frame structure.15.The apparatus of any one of claims 10 to 14, wherein the time resource comprises at least one of a frame, a subframe, a symbol, or a time duration.16.The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus to:responsive to adjusting, maintain at least one timer or at least one window used to perform the at least one of transmission or reception.17.The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus to:adjust at least one timer related to the at least one of transmission or reception based on the at least one adjusted number of frame numbering indices.18.The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the at least one timer is associated with at least one Discontinuous Reception (DRX) active timing.19.The apparatus of claim 17 or 18, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus to:switch a time duration of the at least one timer from a time-based operation to a number of frame numbering indices-based operation and vice versa.20.The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the apparatus to:update Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) information based on the at least one adjusted number of frame numbering indices.21.The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein information indicating the at least one adjusted number of frame numbering indices is defined in the Master Information Block (MIB) .22.The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein the frame numbering indices comprises a System Frame Number (SFN) , wherein at least one frame numbering index among the frame numbering indices comprises the SFN of at least one time resource in the at least one frame structure.23.The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 22, wherein the at least one number of frame numbering indices is a total number of frame indices.24.The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 23, wherein the apparatus is comprised by a user equipment or a network node.25.The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 24, wherein the mobile communications system comprises a non-terrestrial network (NTN) system, wherein the NTN system is to serve the apparatus.26.A method for use in a mobile communications system, comprising:adjusting at least one number of frame numbering indices for at least one frame structure of at least one carrier;determining at least one transmission timing or reception timing based on the at least one adjusted number of frame numbering indices; andperforming at least one of transmission according to the at least one transmission timing or reception according to the at least one reception timing.27.The method of claim 26, further comprising:determining to adjust the at least one number of frame numbering indices for the at least one frame structure, wherein the at least one number of frame numbering indices is adjusted based on determining.28.The method of claim 27, wherein to adjust the at least one number of frame numbering indices is determined based on at least one configuration of the at least one frame structure.29.The method of claim 28, further comprising:configuring the at least one configuration for the at least one carrier.30.The method of claim 28, wherein the at least one configuration comprises at least one predefined configuration.31.The method of any one of claims 27 to 30, wherein to adjust the at least one number of frame numbering indices is determined in a period of the at least one frame structure.32.The method of claim 31, wherein the at least one number of frame numbering indices is adjusted for the period or a next period of the at least one frame structure.33.The method of any one of claims 26 to 32, the at least one adjusted number of frame numbering indices is not equal to the at least one number of frame numbering indices of the at least one frame structure.34.The method of claim 33, wherein the at least one adjusted number of frame numbering indices is not equal in each period of the at least one frame structure.35.The method of any one of claims 26 to 34, wherein adjusting at least one number of frame numbering indices comprises:ignoring at least one duration for at least one time resource of the at least one frame structure to decrease the at least one number of frame numbering indices; oradding at least one additional frame numbering index with no time duration to the at least one frame structure to increase the at least one number of frame numbering indices.36.The method of any one of claims 26 to 35, wherein the at least one number of frame numbering indices is adjusted based on at least one configuration for the at least one carrier.37.The method of claim 36, wherein the at least one configuration is predefined or determined based on at least one network configuration.38.The method of any one of claims 35 to 37, wherein the at least one duration for at least one time resource is ignored at the beginning of periods of the at least one frame structure, before or after the at least one duration for at least one uplink time resource in periods of the at least one frame structure, or before or after the at least one duration for at least one downlink time resource in periods of the at least one frame structure.39.The method of any one of claims 35 to 38, wherein the at least one additional frame numbering index with no time duration is added at the end or beginning or one position inside of periods of the at least one frame structure.40.The method of any one of claims 35 to 39, wherein the time resource comprises at least one of a frame, a subframe, a symbol, or a time duration.41.The method of any one of claims 26 to 40, further comprising:responsive to adjusting, maintaining at least one timer or at least one window used to perform the at least one of transmission or reception.42.The method of any one of claims 25 to 41, further comprising:adjusting at least one timer related to the at least one of transmission or reception based on the at least one adjusted number of frame numbering indices.43.The method of claim 42, wherein the at least one timer is associated with at least one Discontinuous Reception (DRX) active timing.44.The method of claim 42 or 43, further comprising:switching a time duration of the at least one timer from a time-based operation to a number of frame numbering indices-based operation and vice versa.45.The method of any one of claims 26 to 44, further comprising:updating Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) information based on the at least one adjusted number of frame numbering indices.46.The method of any one of claims 26 to 45, wherein information indicating the at least one adjusted number of frame numbering indices is defined in the Master Information Block (MIB) .47.The method of any one of claims 26 to 46, wherein the frame numbering indices comprises a System Frame Number (SFN) , wherein at least one frame numbering index among the frame numbering indices comprises the SFN of at least one time resource in the at least one frame structure.48.The method of any one of claims 26 to 47, wherein the at least one number of frame numbering indices is a total number of frame indices.49.The method of any one of claims 26 to 48, wherein the method is performed by a user equipment or a network node.50.The method of any one of claims 26 to 49, wherein the mobile communications system comprises a non-terrestrial network (NTN) system.51.A computer program product comprising program instructions which, when the program is executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to carry out the method according to any one of claims 26 to 50.52.A non-transitory machine-readable storage medium storing the computer program product of claim 51.53.An apparatus, comprising means for performing the method according any one of claims 26 to 50.54.An apparatus in a mobile communications system, comprising:processing circuitry to adjust at least one number of frame numbering indices for at least one frame structure of at least one carrier;the processing circuitry to determine at least one transmission timing or reception timing based on the at least one adjusted number of frame numbering indices; andtransceiving circuitry, coupled to the processing circuitry, to perform at least one of transmission according to the at least one transmission timing or reception according to the at least one reception timing.