Method, apparatus, and system for beam management
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-06
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
Smart Images

Figure CN2025075981_13082026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM FOR BEAM MANAGEMENTTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to wireless communication. Particularly, it relates to a method, an apparatus, and a system for beam management.BACKGROUND
[0002] At present, artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) , which is also referred to as AI / ML, has been introduced into wireless communication networks. AI / ML has been widely used in many scenarios of air interface technology, such as AI / ML-based channel state information (CSI) prediction, AI / ML-based beam management, AI / ML-based CSI feedback enhancement or beam management enhancement, or AI / ML-based positioning. So, the AI / ML plays an increasingly important role.
[0003] The life cycle management of an AI / ML model associated with a user equipment (UE) side in the communication system includes the following procedures: training, functionality identification / UE capability, model transferring / update, inference, functionality monitoring and functionality management.
[0004] The applicable functionality reporting for beam management corresponding to the AI / ML model associated with the UE side can be included in the inferencing operation. The beam management in the inferencing operation is a general method for beam management.
[0005] Therefore, a beam management related to the AI / ML model in the UE side with more details is introduced in this application.SUMMARY
[0006] This present disclosure provides a method, an apparatus, and a system for beam management used for the AI / ML model in the UE side with more details.
[0007] According to a first aspect, a method for beam management is described. The method may be applied at a UE, for example, a UE or a module in a UE, a circuit or a chip (for example, a modem (modem) chip, also referred to as a baseband (baseband) chip, or a system on chip (system on chip, SoC) chip or a system in package (system in package, SIP) chip that includes a modem core) that is responsible for a communication function in a UE. For example, the method is applied to a UE.
[0008] In this method, the UE receives a first configuration from the network. The first configuration indicates a first set of beams and a second set of beams associated with a model for beam management. The first set of beams is used as an input for training the model and the second set of beams is used as an output for training the model. The UE transmits a first report to the network. The first report indicates applicable functionality associated with the first set of beams and the second set of beams.
[0009] The first configuration is used to restrict an applicable functionality associated with the first set of beams and the second set of beams that the UE can report.
[0010] The first configuration includes one or more the first set of beams and one or more the second set of beams associated with one or more models for beam management in different cells. This application does not limit the amount of the first set of beams, the second set of beams and the model for managements. In other words, the first set of beams and the second set of beams indicated in the first configuration is suitable for different models in different cells.
[0011] The applicable functionality associated with the first set of beams and the second set of beams is suitable for the UE in one or more cells and / or the trained model for beam management in the UE.
[0012] In other words, the applicable functionality associated with the first set of beams and the second set of beams is used for the model suitable for different cells. In different cells, the applicable functionality associated with the first set of beams and the second set of beams may be different or the same.
[0013] For example, if the UE communicates with the network in a cell A, the applicable functionality associated with the first set of beams and the second set of beams is used for the model for beam management in the cell A. And if the UE moves to a cell B and communicates with the cell B, the applicable functionality associated with the first set of beams and the second set of beams in cell A is applicable for the model for beam management in the cell B. Or if the UE moves to the cell B, another new applicable functionality associated with another first set of beams and another set of beams is used for the model for beam management in the cell B.
[0014] In the foregoing method, the UE can report the applicable functionality according to the first configuration related with the beams used to train model for beam management in one or more cells. The UE can report such applicable functionality in one or more cells each may have a trained model in the UE for beam management according to the first configuration related with the beams used to train the model for the cell.
[0015] In a possible design, the first configuration comprises one or more first parameters associated with channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) and a first set of associated identities (IDs) . The one or more first parameters associated with the CSI-RS indicates the first set of beams. And the first set of associated IDs indicates one or more the second set of beams.
[0016] In some implementations, one of the first set of associated IDs is assigned during the training phase to associate the network side condition used during the training with what will be used during inference phase. One of the first set of associated IDs is further used to assign the network side condition between the training phase and the inference phase. In other words, one of the first set of associated IDs may be not only associated with the network side condition, but also associated with the second set of beams used during the training phase. For example, one of the first set of associated IDs is associated with configurations and / or CSI-RS resources of the second set of beams.
[0017] For example, the network side conditions may be pure network internal conditions such as beam shaping, radio frequency (RF) settings which is not known to the UE.
[0018] As such, the second set of beams can be indicated in an easy way so that the signaling overhead associated with the first configuration can at least be reduced.
[0019] In a possible design, if one of the first set of associated IDs indicates the second set of beams is the same as the first set of beams, the one or more first parameters associated with the CSI-RS further indicates the second set of beams.
[0020] In other words, one of the first set of associated IDs indicates parameters associated with the second set of beams are the same as parameters associated with the first set of beams.
[0021] For example, one or more codes or bits in a field corresponding to the associated ID indicate that the second set of beams is the same as the first set of beams. One or more codes or bits in a field corresponding to the associated ID indicate that parameters associated with the second set of beams are the same as parameters associated with the first set of beams.
[0022] As such, the second set of beams can be determined based on the same parameters which can also indicate the first set of beams. In the scenario that the second set of beams is the same as the first set of beams, it is easier for the UE to determine the second set of beams is the same as the first set of beams based on the one of the first set of associated IDs.
[0023] In a possible design, the first configuration comprises one or more first parameters associated with channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) and an indication that indicates that the second set of beams is the same as the first set of beams. The one or more first parameters associated with the CSI-RS indicates the first set of beams.
[0024] For example, the indication can be one or more codes and bits in a field of the first configuration.
[0025] The associated ID can be an example of the indication that the second set of beams is the same as the first set of beams.
[0026] In a possible design, the first report comprises first indicating information which indicates that the first set of beams is applicable and indicates at least one associated ID to be applicable in the first set of associated IDs.
[0027] As such, the network can directly be informed the specific applicable the first set of beams and the second set of beams of the model.
[0028] In a possible design, the first configuration includes one or more first parameters associated with channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) and first information related to the second set of beams. The one or more first parameters associated with the CSI-RS indicates the first set of beams. And the first information comprises one or more amounts of the second set of beams, one or more relationships between the second set of beams and the first set of beams and a set of related IDs that indicates a set of orders of CSI-RS resources; one of the set of orders of the CSI-RS resources corresponds to the order of the second set of beams.
[0029] As such, the UE side (UE and including UE OTT server) and / or network does not need to store information related to the second set of beams which can be configured dynamically by the network based on knowledge of UE AI capability and network’s CSI-RS resource usage. This will at least save the memory of the UE side and / or network for storing information related to the second set of beams.
[0030] In a possible design, the first report comprises first indicating information which indicates that the first set of beams is applicable, and indicates at least one amount to be applicable in the one or more amounts, at least one relationship to be applicable in the one or more relationships, and at least one related ID to be applicable in the set of related IDs.
[0031] As such, corresponding to configure the first set of beams and the second set of beams, the applicable functionality associated with the first set of beams and the second set of beams can also be reported dynamically based on UE memory / processing capability.
[0032] In a possible design, the first configuration includes one or more first parameters associated with channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) and one or more second parameters associated with CSI-RS. The one or more first parameters associated with the CSI-RS indicates the first set of beams. And the one or more second parameters associated with CSI-RS indicates the second set of beams.
[0033] The one or more first parameters associated with CSI-RS can be the same as the one or more second parameters associated with CSI-RS. The one or more first parameters associated with CSI-RS can be different from the one or more second parameters associated with CSI-RS.
[0034] In a possible design, the first report comprised third indicating information which indicates that the first set of beams and the second set of beams are applicable.
[0035] In a possible design, the first report comprises fourth indicating information that indicates a third set of beams used by the UE. The third set of beams is a subset of the first set of beams.
[0036] As such, in the scenario that the UE used a subset of the first set of beams, the UE can dynamically report the actual used beams in the first set of beams so that the reference signal overhead and CSI-RS resource usage can be reduced.
[0037] In a possible design, the first report further comprises a configuration ID related to the first configuration, and the configuration ID indicates the first set of beams and the second set of beams are applicable.
[0038] In a possible design, the first configuration further comprises first time instances when the second set of beams will be predicted.
[0039] In a possible design, the first configuration further comprises second time instances when the first set of beams has been measured.
[0040] In a possible design, the first report further comprises fifth indicating information that indicates whether a sliding window is used for training the model in the UE
[0041] As such, the fourth indicating information is useful to the network whether RS overhead reduction is possible during the prediction window for the case where non-sliding window is used when inference operation of the model is enabled.
[0042] In a possible design, the first configuration comprises a second set of associated IDs. And one of the second set of associated IDs that indicates the first set of beams and the second set of beams. And the first report comprises one or more associated IDs in the second set of associated IDs.
[0043] In some implementations, if the first set of beams and the second set of beams are referred to as a beam configuration, one of the second set of associated IDs indicates one beam configuration. One beam configuration may include one first set of beams and one second set of beams. In other words, if the first set of beams and the second set of beams are referred to as a whole, the relationship between the second set of associated IDs and beam configurations can be one to one.
[0044] In some implementations, if the first set of beams and the second set of beams are referred to as a beam configuration, one of the second set of associated IDs indicates multiple beam configurations. One beam configuration may include one first set of beams and one second set of beams. In other words, if the first set of beams and the second set of beams are referred to as a whole, the relationship between the second set of associated IDs and beam configurations can be one to multiple.
[0045] As such, the applicable functionality about the first set of beams and the second set of beams can be indicated in the associated ID. So, it is easier for the network to know the applicable functionality of the model.
[0046] In a possible design, the first report further comprises sixth indicating information that indicates a fourth set of beams used by the UE; wherein the fourth set of beams is a subset of the first set of beams.
[0047] As such, in the scenario that the UE used a subset of the first set of beams, the UE can dynamically report the actual used beams in the first set of beams so that the reference signal overhead and CSI-RS resource usage can be reduced.
[0048] In a possible design, the method further includes that the UE transmits assistance information to the network. The assistance information indicates initial key performance indicator (KPI) corresponding to the applicable functionality.
[0049] As such, the KPI corresponding to the applicable functionality is beneficial to the network to know how well the functionality has been trained.
[0050] In a possible design, before the UE receives the first configuration, the method further includes that the UE transmits first capability information to the network. The first capability information indicates a maximum number of a second set of beams and a maximum ratio of a first set of beams and the second set of beams.
[0051] In some implementations, the first set of beams is based on existing beam management capabilities.
[0052] As such, the maximum number of the second set of beams and a maximum ratio of a first set of beams and the second set of beams is related to the memory size and processing capability of the UE. With the first set of beams based on existing beam management capabilities, it is helpful for the network to know the memory size and processing capability of the UE so that the network will configure more suitable information about the first set of beams and the second set of beams.
[0053] In a possible design, before the UE receives the first configuration, the method further includes that the UE transmits second capability information to the network. The second capability information that indicates a maximum value of first time instances when the second set of beams will be predicted and a maximum ratio of the first time instances and second time instances when the first set of beams has been measured.
[0054] The first time instances can also be referred to as the prediction window corresponding to the model for beam management. The second time instances can also be referred to as the observation window corresponding to the model for beam management.
[0055] As such, prediction window and observation window of the model can be informed to the network previously so that the network will configure more suitable information about the first set of beams and the second set of beams.
[0056] According to a second aspect, a method for beam management is described. The method may be applied at a network, for example, a network or a module in a network, a circuit or a chip (for example, a modem (modem) chip, also referred to as a baseband (baseband) chip, or a system on chip (system on chip, SoC) chip or a system in package (system in package, SIP) chip that includes a modem core) that is responsible for a communication function in a network. For example, the method is applied to a network.
[0057] In this method, the network transmits a first configuration to a UE. The first configuration indicates a first set of beams and a second set of beams associated with a model for beam management. The first set of beams is used as an input for training the model and the second set of beams is used as an output for training the model. The network receives a first report from the UE. The first report indicates applicable functionality associated with the first set of beams and the second set of beams.
[0058] The technical effects corresponding to the technical solution of the second aspect are similar with the first aspect. They are not repeated here. In addition, the explanations in the first aspect can also be applied in the second aspect and are not repeated here.
[0059] In a possible design, the first configuration comprises one or more first parameters associated with channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) and a first set of associated identities (IDs) . The one or more first parameters associated with CSI-RS indicates the first set of beams; and the first set of associated IDs indicates one or more the second set of beams.
[0060] In a possible design, if one of the first set of associated IDs indicates the second set of beams is the same as the first set of beams, the one or more first parameters associated with CSI-RS further indicates the second set of beams.
[0061] In a possible design, the first report comprises first indicating information which indicates that the first set of beams is applicable and indicates at least one associated ID to be applicable in the first set of associated IDs.
[0062] In a possible design, the first configuration comprises one or more first parameters associated with channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) and first information related to the second set of beams. The one or more first parameters associated with CSI-RS indicates the first set of beams. And the first information comprises one or more amounts of the second set of beams, one or more relationships between the second set of beams and the first set of beams and a set of related IDs that indicates a set of orders of CSI-RS resources; one of the set of orders of the CSI-RS resources corresponds to the order of the second set of beams.
[0063] In a possible design, the first report comprises second indicating information which indicates that the first set of beams is applicable, and indicates at least one amount to be applicable in the one or more amounts, at least one relationship to be applicable in the one or more relationships, and at least one related ID to be applicable in the set of related IDs.
[0064] In a possible design, the first configuration comprises one or more first parameters associated with channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) and one or more second parameters associated with CSI-RS. The one or more first parameters associated with CSI-RS indicates the first set of beams; and the one or more second parameters associated with CSI-RS indicates the second set of beams.
[0065] In a possible design, the first report comprised third indicating information which indicates that the first set of beams and the second set of beams are applicable.
[0066] In a possible design, the first report comprises fourth indicating information that indicates a third set of beams used by the UE. The third set of beams is a subset of the first set of beams.
[0067] In a possible design, the first report further comprises a configuration ID related to the first configuration, and the configuration ID indicates the first set of beams and the second set of beams are applicable.
[0068] In a possible design, the first configuration further comprises first time instances when the second set of beams will be predicted.
[0069] In a possible design, the first configuration further comprises second time instances when the first set of beams has been measured.
[0070] In a possible design, the first report further comprises fifth indicating information that indicates whether a sliding window is used for training the model in the UE.
[0071] In a possible design, the first configuration comprises a second set of associated IDs. And one of the second set of associated IDs that indicates the first set of beams and the second set of beams, and the first report comprises one or more associated IDs in the second set of associated IDs.
[0072] In a possible design, the first report further comprises sixth indicating information that indicates a fourth set of beams used by the UE; wherein the fourth set of beams is a subset of the first set of beams.
[0073] In a possible design, the method further includes that the network receives assistance information from the UE. The assistance information that indicates initial key performance indicator (KPI) corresponding to the applicable functionality.
[0074] In a possible design, before the network transmits a first configuration, the method further includes that the network receives first capability information from the UE. The first capability information that indicates a maximum number of a second set of beams and a maximum ratio of a first set of beams and the second set of beams.
[0075] In a possible design, before the network transmits a first configuration, the method further includes that the network receives second capability information from the UE. The second capability information that indicates a maximum value of first time instances when the second set of beams will be predicted and a maximum ratio of the first time instances and second time instances when the first set of beams has been measured.
[0076] According to a third aspect, a method for beam management is described. The method may be applied at a UE, for example, a UE or a module in a UE, a circuit or a chip (for example, a modem (modem) chip, also referred to as a baseband (baseband) chip, or a system on chip (system on chip, SoC) chip or a system in package (system in package, SIP) chip that includes a modem core) that is responsible for a communication function in a UE. For example, the method is applied to a UE.
[0077] In this method, the UE receives a second configuration from a network. The second configuration indicates conditions of the network. And the UE transmits a second report to the network. The second report indicates applicable functionality associated with a first set of beams and a second set of beams related to a model for beam management in the UE. The first set of beams is used as an input for training the model and the second set of beams is used as an output for training the model.
[0078] In some implementations, the second configuration may include an associated ID which indicate the network condition.
[0079] The applicable functionality associated with the first set of beams and the second set of beams is suitable for the UE in one or more cells and / or the trained model for beam management in the UE.
[0080] In other words, the applicable functionality associated with the first set of beams and the second set of beams is used for the model suitable for different cells.
[0081] In the foregoing method, the UE reports the capability functionality associated with the first set of beams and the second set of beams. It is helpful for the network to further transmit the configurations according to the report.
[0082] In a possible design, the second report comprises seventh indicating information that comprises characteristics of the first set of beams and a relationship between the second set of beams and the first set of beams.
[0083] In some implementations, the relationship between the second set of beams and the first set of beams may correspond to an associated ID.
[0084] As such, more specific details about the first set of beams and the second set of beams corresponding to the applicable functionality can be reported the network. The network can transmit more suitable configuration to the UE.
[0085] In a possible design, the second configuration further indicates third time instances when the second set of beams will be predicted and fourth time instances when the first set of beams has been measured.
[0086] In a possible design, the second report further indicates fifth time instances when the second set of beams will be predicted and sixth time instances when the first set of beams has been measured.
[0087] In a possible design, the second configuration comprises a first associated ID corresponding to the conditions of the network.
[0088] As such, it is helpful for the UE to report more suitable information about the first set of beams and the second set of beams for the trained model based on the second configuration that includes the first associated ID.
[0089] In a possible design, the second report comprises a second associated ID associated with the applicable functionality.
[0090] As such, in a scenario that the network does not transmit an associated ID of the trained model in the second configuration, the UE may transmit a second associated ID associated to the applicable functionality to the network.
[0091] In a possible design, the UE receives one or more third parameters form the network. The one ore more third parameters indicate a restriction to information indicated in the second report.
[0092] As such, based on the second report, the network can further restrict the first set of beams and the second set of beams corresponding to the applicable functionality.
[0093] In a possible design, the method further includes that the UE transmits assistance information to the network. The assistance information that indicates initial key performance indicator (KPI) corresponding to the applicable functionality.
[0094] As such, the KPI corresponding to the applicable functionality is beneficial to the network to how well the functionality has been trained.
[0095] In a possible design, before the UE receives a second configuration, the method further includes that the UE transmits first capability information to the network. The first capability information that indicates a maximum number of a second set of beams and a maximum ratio of a first set of beams and the second set of beams.
[0096] As such, the maximum number of the second set of beams and a maximum ratio of a first set of beams and the second set of beams is related to the memory size and processing capability of the UE. It is helpful for the network to know the memory size and processing capability of the UE so that the network will configure more suitable information about the first set of beams and the second set of beams.
[0097] In a possible design, before the UE receives a second configuration, the method further includes that the UE transmits second capability information to the network. The second capability information that indicates a maximum value of first time instances when the second set of beams will be predicted and a maximum ratio of the first time instances and second time instances when the first set of beams has been measured.
[0098] The first time instances can also be referred to as the prediction window corresponding to the model for beam management. The second time instances can also be referred to as the observation window corresponding to the model for beam management.
[0099] As such, prediction window and observation window of the model can be informed to the network previously so that the network will configure more suitable information about the first set of beams and the second set of beams.
[0100] According to a fourth aspect, a method for beam management is described. The method may be applied at a network, for example, a network or a module in a network, a circuit or a chip (for example, a modem (modem) chip, also referred to as a baseband (baseband) chip, or a system on chip (system on chip, SoC) chip or a system in package (system in package, SIP) chip that includes a modem core) that is responsible for a communication function in a network. For example, the method is applied to a network.
[0101] The method includes that the network transmits a second configuration to a UE. The second configuration indicates conditions of the network. And the network receives a second report from the UE. The second report indicates applicable functionality associated with a first set of beams and a second set of beams related to a model for beam management in the UE. The first set of beams is used as an input for training the model and the second set of beams is used as an output for training the model.
[0102] The technical effects corresponding to the technical solution of the fourth aspect are similar with the third aspect. They are not repeated here.
[0103] In a possible design, the second report comprises seventh indicating information that comprises characteristics of the first set of beams and a relationship between the second set of beams and the first set of beams.
[0104] In a possible design, the second configuration further indicates third time instances when the second set of beams will be predicted and fourth time instances when the first set of beams has been measured.
[0105] In a possible design, the second report further indicates fifth time instances when the second set of beams will be predicted and sixth time instances when the first set of beams has been measured.
[0106] In a possible design, the second configuration comprises a first associated ID corresponding to the conditions of the network.
[0107] In a possible design, the second report comprises a second associated ID associated with the applicable functionality.
[0108] In a possible design, the method further includes that the network transmits one or more parameters to the UE. The one or more parameters indicates a restriction to the seventh indicating information.
[0109] In a possible design, the method further includes that the network receives assistance information from the UE, the assistance information that indicates initial key performance indicator (KPI) corresponding to the applicable functionality.
[0110] In a possible design, before the network transmitting a second configuration, the method further includes that the network receives first capability information from the UE. The first capability information that indicates a maximum number of a second set of beams and a maximum ratio of a first set of beams and the second set of beams.
[0111] In a possible design, before the network transmitting a second configuration, the method further includes that the network receives second capability information from the UE. The second capability information that indicates a maximum value of first time instances when the second set of beams will be predicted and a maximum ratio of the first time instances and second time instances when the first set of beams has been measured.
[0112] According to a fifth aspect, an apparatus for beam management is described. The apparatus for beam management has a function of implementing the first aspect. For example, the apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means (means) for performing operations in the first aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented by using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0113] According to a sixth aspect, an apparatus for beam management is described. The apparatus for beam management has a function of implementing the second aspect. For example, the apparatus includes for beam management a corresponding module, unit, or means (means) for performing operations in the second aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented by using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0114] According to a seventh aspect, an apparatus for beam management is described. The apparatus for beam management has a function of implementing the third aspect. For example, the apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means (means) for performing operations in the third aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented by using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0115] According to an eighth aspect, an apparatus for beam management is described. The apparatus for beam management has a function of implementing the fourth aspect. For example, the apparatus includes for beam management a corresponding module, unit, or means (means) for performing operations in the fourth aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented by using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0116] According to a ninth aspect, another apparatus for beam management is described. The apparatus for beam management includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store a part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the first aspect. The one or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the apparatus for beam management is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect.
[0117] In some implementations, the apparatus for beam management may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0118] In some implementations, the apparatus for beam management may further include the memory.
[0119] The apparatus for beam management may be a UE, a module in a UE, or a chip responsible for a communication function in a UE, for example, a modem chip (also referred to as a baseband chip) or an SoC chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem module.
[0120] According to a tenth aspect, another apparatus for beam management is described. The apparatus for beam management includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store a part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the second aspect. The one or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the apparatus for beam management is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the second aspect.
[0121] In some implementations, the apparatus for beam management may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0122] In some implementations, the apparatus for beam management may further include the memory.
[0123] The apparatus for beam management may be a base station, a module in a base station, or a chip responsible for a communication function in a base station, for example, a modem chip (also referred to as a baseband chip) or an SoC chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem module.
[0124] According to an eleventh aspect, another apparatus for beam management is described. The apparatus for beam management includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store a part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the third aspect. The one or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the apparatus for beam management is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the third aspect.
[0125] In some implementations, the apparatus for beam management may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0126] In some implementations, the apparatus for beam management may further include the memory.
[0127] The apparatus for beam management may be a UE, a module in a UE, or a chip responsible for a communication function in a UE, for example, a modem chip (also referred to as a baseband chip) or an SoC chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem module.
[0128] According to a twelfth aspect, another apparatus for beam management is described. The apparatus for beam management includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store a part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the fourth aspect. The one or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the apparatus for beam management is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the fourth aspect.
[0129] In some implementations, the apparatus for beam management may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0130] In some implementations, the apparatus for beam management may further include the memory.
[0131] The apparatus for beam management may be a base station, a module in a base station, or a chip responsible for a communication function in a base station, for example, a modem chip (also referred to as a baseband chip) or an SoC chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem module.
[0132] According to a thirteenth aspect, a system for beam management is described. The system includes an apparatus which is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect, and an which is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the second aspect. Or the system includes an apparatus which is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the third aspect, and an which is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the fourth aspect.
[0133] According to a fourteenth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is described. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-readable instructions, and when a computer reads and executes the computer-readable instructions, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any one of the possible designs of the first aspect to the fourth aspect.
[0134] According to a fifteenth aspect, this application provides a computer program product. When a computer reads and executes the computer program product, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any one of the possible designs of the first aspect to the fourth aspect.DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0135] FIG. 1 illustrates an example for a communication system 100;
[0136] FIG. 2 illustrates another example for communication system 100 according to an implementation of the present application;
[0137] FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration showing an apparatus 310 wirelessly communicating with another apparatus 320 within a communication system (e.g., the communication system 100) according to an implementation of the present disclosure.;
[0138] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a possible application framework in a communication system according to an implementation of the present application;
[0139] FIG. 5 illustrates a diagram of a functional framework for AI / ML for NR air interface according to an implementation of present application;
[0140] FIG. 6 illustrates a diagram of an inference operation procedure according to an implementation of present application;
[0141] FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart of a method for beam management according to an implementation of this application;
[0142] FIG. 8 is another schematic flowchart of a method for beam management according to an implementation of this application;
[0143] FIG. 9 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus 1000 according to some implementations of the present application; and
[0144] FIG. 10 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus according to some implementations of the present application. DESCRIPTION OF IMPLEMENTATIONS
[0145] The following describes technical solutions of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0146] FIG. 1 illustrates an example for communication system 100. Referring to FIG. 1, as an illustrative example without limitation, a simplified schematic illustration of a communication system is provided. FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an example communication system according to an implementation of the present disclosure, there is shown a communication system 100 that includes a radio access network (RAN) 120, one or more communication electronic devices (EDs) 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d, 110e, 110f, 110g, 110h, 110i, 110j (collectively referred to as 110) , a core network 130, a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160 . The RAN 120 may include, but is not limited to, a future generation RAN, or a legacy RAN such as, but not limited to, 5th generation (5G) , 4th generation (4G) , 3rd generation (3G) or 2nd generation (2G) radio access network. The RAN 120 may be, for example, an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) , a NextGen RAN (NG RAN) , or some other type of RAN. Examples of RAN 120 based on the evolution of telecommunications standards include, but is not limited to, GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) for 2G, UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) based on WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) and CDMA2000 for 3G, LTE (Long-Term Evolution) and WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) for 4G, and NR (New Radio) for 5G. In some implementations, The RAN 120 may use any radio access technology (RAT) in the wireless interface between the one or more EDs 110 and the RAN 120. In some implementations, the term “radio access” may refer to the future generation air interface standards which may include both terrestrial networks (TNs) and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) . These networks will be described in greater detail below in conjunction with various implementations. The one or more communication EDs 110 (also referred to as “user equipment” ) are configured to connect (e.g., communicatively couple) with each other or to one or more network nodes 170a, 170b (collectively referred to as 170) in the RAN 120. The core network (CN) 130 is a part of the communication system 100 and consists of network nodes (e.g., 170a, 170b) which provide support for the network features and telecommunication services. In some implementations, the CN 130 may be dependent on the RAT used in the communication system 100. In other implementations, the CN 130 may be access-agnostic, i.e., the CN 130 may be independent of the RAT used in the communication system 100. There are different types of CN 130, for different 3GPP system generations. For example, the CN 130 is the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) in 4G, also known as the Evolved Packet System (EPS) . In another example, the CN 130 is the 5G Core (5GC) which was developed as part of the 5G System (5GS) . The CN 130 also enables integration of different 3GPP and non-3GPP access types. In some implementations and referring to FIG. 1, the CN 130 also provides the interface towards external networks that may include the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160 in the communication system 100.
[0147] In general, the communication system 100 facilitates interaction between multiple wireless or wired elements. The communication system 100 may transmit different types of content, such as voice, data, video, and / or text, through different transmission methods such as, but not limited to, broadcast, multicast, groupcast, and unicast. Additionally, the communication system 100 operates by allocating and / or sharing resources, such as carrier spectrum bandwidth, among its constituent elements.
[0148] The communication system 100 may provide a wide range of communication services and applications including, but not limited to, Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services, Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) services, Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) services, Integrated Sensing And Communication (ISAC) , immersive communication, Ultra-massive Machine-Type Communication (uMTC) , hyper reliable and low-latency communication, ubiquitous connectivity, integrated AI and communication, and other services that can be provided by a future generation communication system. The communication system 100 may provide other services and applications such as, but not limited to, earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility and the like.
[0149] The communication system 100 may include a terrestrial communication system (or network) and / or a non-terrestrial communication system (or network) . The communication system 100 may provide a high degree of availability and robustness through a joint operation of the terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or components thereof) into a terrestrial communication system can result in a heterogeneous network comprising multiple layers. The heterogeneous network may achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible functionality sharing, and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial networks and non-terrestrial networks. The terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system could be considered as sub-systems of the communication system 100.
[0150] FIG. 2 illustrates another example for communication system 100 according to an implementation of the present application, there is shown the communication system 100 includes EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d (collectively referred to as ED 110) , RANs 120a, 120b, one or more CNs 130, a PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. Additionally, the communication system 100 may also include a non-terrestrial network (NTN) 120c. The RANs 120a and120b may include network nodes 170a, 170b include base stations, which can be generally referred to as terrestrial network (TN) devices or terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a and 170b (collectively referred to as 170) . In this context, the terms "TRP" and "base station" are used interchangeably unless otherwise specified. For simplicity, this disclosure primarily refers to network nodes as base stations; however, unless explicitly stated otherwise, references to TRP are considered non-limiting and interchangeable. The T-TRPs 170a, 170b may be base stations mounted on a building or tower. In one implementation, the NTN 120c includes a RAN node such as a base station 172, which may be generally referred to as an NTN device, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, or a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) 172.
[0151] In some implementations, the NT-TRP 172 is not attached to the ground, for example, as in the case of an airborne base station. An airborne base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a flying device. For example, a flying device may include, but is not limited to, an airborne platform (such as a blimp or an airship) , balloon, drone (such as quadcopter) , and other types of aerial vehicles. In some implementations, an airborne base station may be supported or carried by an unmanned aerial system (UAS) or an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , such as a drone. An airborne base station may be a moveable or mobile base station that can be flexibly deployed in different locations to meet network demand. A satellite base station is another example of a non-terrestrial base station. A satellite base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a satellite. A satellite base station may also be referred to as an orbiting base station. High altitude platforms are yet another example of non-terrestrial base stations, including international mobile telecommunication base stations.
[0152] As referred to herein, and unless specified otherwise, a “TRP” may also refer to a T-TRP or an NT-TRP, a “T-TRP” may also refer to a “TN TRP” , and an “NT-TRP” may also refer to an “NTN TRP” . The NTN 120c may be considered a RAN, sharing operational aspects with RANs 120a, 120b. The NTN 120c may include at least one NTN device and at least one corresponding terrestrial network device. The at least one NTN device may function as a transport layer device and the at least one corresponding terrestrial network device may function as a RAN node, communicating with the ED 110 via the NTN device. Additionally, there may be an NTN gateway on the ground (referred to as a terrestrial network device) that also functions as a transport layer device facilitating communication with both the NTN device and the RAN node. The RAN node may communicate with the ED 110 via the NTN device and the NTN gateway. In some implementations, the NTN gateway and the RAN node may be located within the same device.
[0153] A base station 170 (also referred to as a TRP as stated above) is a network element within a radio access network responsible for radio transmission and reception in one or more cells to or from the ED (such as a user equipment) . In different implementations, the base station 170 may also be known as a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , a wireless router, a relay station, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, a terrestrial base station, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, and a positioning node, among other possibilities. The base station 170 may be a macro base station (BS) , a pico BS, a relay node, a donor node, or combinations thereof. When the base station 170 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the base station itself, one or more modules (or units) in the base station, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions within the base station.
[0154] The EDs 110a-110d and TRPs 170a-170b, 172 are examples of communication equipment configured to implement some or all of the operations and / or implementations described herein. The T-TRP 170a forms part of the RAN 120a, which may include other TRPs, and / or other devices. Also, the TRP 170b forms part of the RAN 120b, which may include other TRPs, and / or devices. Each TRP 170a, 170b may transmit and / or receive wireless signals within a particular geographic region or area, sometimes referred to as a “cell” or a “coverage area” . The TRPs 170a-170b may be responsible for allocating and / or configuring resources and transmission and / or reception in a set of cell (s) . A cell is a radio network object that can be uniquely identified by a cell identification that is broadcasted over a geographical region or area from base stations associated with the cell. A cell can work in either FDD or TDD mode. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors, and a base station 170a-170b may, for example, employ one or more transceivers to provide services to one or more sectors. Some implementations, may include pico or femto cells if supported by the radio access technology. In some implementations, one or more transceivers could be used for each cell, such as with Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology. The number of RANs 120a-120b shown is merely an example. Any number of RANs may be contemplated when designing the communication system 100.
[0155] A base station may be a single element, as shown in the figures, or multiple elements distributed throughout the corresponding RAN, or otherwise configured. In some implementations, a plurality of RAN nodes coordinates to assist the ED 110 in implementing radio access, and different RAN nodes separately implement and handle different functions of the base station. For example, the RAN node may be a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a CU-control plane (CP) , a CU-user plane (UP) , or a radio unit (RU) etc. The CU and the DU may be separately deployed, or included within the same element (i.e., a baseband unit (BBU) ) . The RU may be included in a radio frequency device or a radio frequency unit (i.e., a remote radio unit (RRU) , an active antenna unit (AAU) , or a remote radio head (RRH) ) . In different systems, the CU (or the CU-CP and the CU-UP) , the DU, or the RU may be known by different names, but their functions are understood by person skilled in the art. For example, in an open radio access network (ORAN) system, a CU may be referred to as an open CU (O-CU) , a DU may be referred to as an open DU (O-DU) , and a CU-CP may be referred to as an open CU-CP (O-CU-CP) . The CU-UP may also be referred to as an open CU-UP (O-CU-UP) , and the RU may also be referred to as an open RU (O-RU) . Any one of the CU (or the CU-CP, the CU-UP) , the DU, and the RU may be implemented using a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module.
[0156] Furthermore, communication between different devices / apparatuses in various implementations of this disclosure may refer to direct communication (that is, without the need of forwarding by another device / apparatus) , or may refer to communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses via another device / apparatus (that is, requiring forwarding by another device / apparatus) . Alternatively, such communication (s) may involve one functional unit inside a device / apparatus using another functional unit within the device / apparatus to communicate with another device / apparatus. In other words, phrases such as "sending (or transmitting) information to... (an ED or a base station) " in this disclosure may be understood as a destination endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including, sending / transmitting information directly or indirectly to an ED or a base station. Similarly, phrases like "receiving information from... (an ED or a base station) " may be understood as a source endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including directly or indirectly receiving information from an ED or a base station. Between the source endpoint that sends the information and the destination endpoint, necessary processing such as, but not limited to, format conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, amplification, and filtering may be performed on the information. However, the destination endpoint may understand valid information from the source endpoint. A similar understanding applies to other descriptions in this disclosure without reiterating details already described. In the present disclosure, the terms "send" and "transmit" may be used interchangeably in different implementations of this disclosure.
[0157] The ED 110 is used to connect people, objects, machines, and other entities. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios including, but not limited to, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , MTC, internet of things (IoT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, and autonomous delivery and mobility.
[0158] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to as, but not limited to) a user equipment (UE) or a user device or a terminal device, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , an MTC device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment, etc. ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus (such as a module, modem, or chip) in the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation EDs 110 may be referred to by other terms. When an ED 110 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the ED itself, one or more modules (or units) in the ED, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, or system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the ED. In this application, a UE is an example of the ED, the UE can be alternated by other type of ED as shown above. And the network in this application may be a base station, for example, gNB.
[0159] Each ED 110 connected to TRPs 170a-170b, and / or TRPs 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned-on (i.e., established, activated, or enabled) , turned-off (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled) and / or configured in response to one of more of: connection availability and connection necessity.
[0160] Any ED 110 may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any of the TRPs 170a, 170b and 172, the Internet 150, the CN 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the ED 110a may communicate an uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL) transmission over a terrestrial air interface 190a with station-TRP 170a. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d may also communicate directly with one another via one or more sidelink (SL) air interfaces 190b. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110d may communicate using an UL and / or DL transmission over a non-terrestrial air interface 190c with NT-TRP 172.
[0161] An air interface (such as, for example, 190a, 190b, 190c) generally includes a number of components and associated parameters that collectively specify how a transmission is to be sent and / or received over a wireless communications link between two or more communicating devices such as EDs and base station (s) . For example, an air interface may include one or more components defining the waveform (s) , frame structure (s) , multiple access scheme (s) , protocol (s) , coding scheme (s) and / or modulation scheme (s) for conveying information (such as, data) over a wireless communications link. The air interfaces 190a and 190b may use similar communication technology, that may include any suitable radio access technology.
[0162] The non-terrestrial air interface 190c can enable communication between the EDs 110a, 110d and one or more NT-TRPs 172 via a wireless link or simply a link. For some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection between a group of EDs 110 and one or more NT-TRPs 172 for multicast transmission.
[0163] The TRPs 170a-170b, 172 may communicate with one another over one or more air interfaces 190e, 190f using wireless communication links (such as radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. ) or wired communication links. The air interfaces 190e, 190f may utilize any suitable radio access technology, and may be substantially similar to the air interfaces 190a, 190c over which the EDs 110a-110d communicate with one or more of the TRP 170a-170b, 172 or they may be substantially different. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) , Low Density Signature Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access (LDS-MC-CDMA) , Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) , Pattern Division Multiple Access (PDMA) , Lattice Partition Multiple Access (LPMA) , Resource Spread Multiple Access (RSMA) , and Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA) .
[0164] The RANs 120a and 120b are in communication with the CN 130 to provide the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c with various services such as voice, data, multimedia, and other services. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the CN 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by the CN 130, and may employ different radio access technologies from RAN 120a and / or RAN 120b. The CN 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a and 120b and / or the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and the other networks 160) . In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may include functionality for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. For example, the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c communicate using different cellular communications protocols, such as, but not limited to, a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) protocol, a code-division multiple access (CDMA) network protocol, a Push-to-Talk (PTT) protocol, a PTT over Cellular (POC) protocol, a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) protocol, a 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) protocol, a fifth generation (5G) protocol, a New Radio (NR) protocol, and the like. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may communicate using wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) , and / or to the Internet 150. The PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . The Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as internet protocol (IP) , transmission control protocol (TCP) , user datagram protocol (UDP) . EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies, and may incorporate one or multiple transceivers necessary to support such.
[0165] In addition, the communication system 100 may comprise a sensing agent (not shown) to manage the sensed data from ED 110 and / or any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In one implementation, the sensing agent may be part of any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In another implementation, the sensing agent is a separate node that can communicate with the CN 130 and / or the RAN 120 (such as any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172) .
[0166] FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration showing an apparatus 310 wirelessly communicating with another apparatus 320 within a communication system (e.g., the communication system 100) according to an implementation of the present application. The apparatus 310 may be an electronic device (such as ED 110) . The apparatus 320 may be a network node (e.g. the network node 170) such as T-TRP 170 or an NT-TRP 172 shown in FIG. 2. Although only one apparatus 310, and one apparatus 320 are shown in FIG. 2, the number of apparatus 310 and / or number of apparatus 320 can vary, potentially including one or more of each. For example, a single ED 110 may be served by a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) , or by multiple T-TRPs 170 (or multiple NT-TRPs 172) . Similarly, a single ED 110 may be served by one or more T-TRPs 170 and one or more NT-TRPs 172. Similarly, a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) may serve one or more EDs 110.
[0167] The apparatus 310 may include one or more processors 210. For clarity and to avoid overcrowding the illustration, only a single processor 210 is illustrated. The apparatus 310 may further include a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. For clarity, only a single antenna 204 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas 204 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated into a single unit, for example, as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by the one or more antennas 204 or a network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver may also be configured to demodulate data or other content received by the one or more antennas 204. A transceiver may include any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or for processing signals received through wireless or wired communication. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals. The apparatus 310 may include a memory 208. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 may include multiple memories 208. Only a single transmitter 201, receiver 203, processor 210, memory 208, and antenna 204 is illustrated for simplicity, but the apparatus 310 may include one or more other components. In some implementations of the present disclosure, the transceiver (or transmitter 201 and / or receiver 203) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0168] The memory 208 is configured to store instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 208 may also be configured to store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 310. For example, the memory 208 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or operations described herein and that which are executed by the one or more processors 210.
[0169] The apparatus 310 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces. The input / output devices or interfaces facilitate interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device or interface includes suitable components for facilitating transmission of information to a user and reception of information from a user, and for various network interface communications. Such components may include, but are not limited to, a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, touch screen, and the like.
[0170] The processor 210 may be configured to perform (or control the apparatus 310 to perform) operations (or methods) described herein as being performed by the apparatus 310. For example, the processor 210 performs or controls the apparatus 310 to perform the operations of: a) receiving one or more transport blocks (TBs) , b) using a resource for decoding at least one of the received TBs, c) releasing the resource for decoding another of the received TBs, and / or d) receiving configuration information configuring a resource. Specifically, the operations may include tasks related to: preparing a transmission for UL transmission to the apparatus 320, processing DL transmissions received from the apparatus 320, and handling SL transmission to and from another apparatus 310. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for UL transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing DL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Processing operations related to processing SL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, transmit / receive beamforming, modulating / demodulating and encoding / decoding symbols. Depending upon the implementation, a DL transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the DL transmission (such as by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 implements the transmit beamforming and / or the receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, such as beam angle information (BAI) , received from the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 may be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, which includes operations for detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, such as using a reference signal received from the apparatus 320.
[0171] Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 210 may either be a part of the transmitter 201 or a part of the receiver 203 or a part of both the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the memory 208 may be a part of the processor 210.
[0172] The processor 210, along with the processing components of the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may each be implemented by one or more processors that may the same or different. These processors are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (such as in the memory 208) .
[0173] The apparatus 320 includes one or more processors 260 (only one processor 260 is illustrated in FIG. 3) . The apparatus 320 may further include one or more transmitters 252 and one or more receivers 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only a single antenna 256 is illustrated to avoid clutter in the illustration. One, some, or all of the antennas 256 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated into a single unit such as, for example, as a transceiver. The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may include multiple memories 258. The apparatus 320 may further include a scheduler 253. Only a single transmitter 252, receiver 254, processor 260, memory 258, antenna 256 and scheduler 253 are illustrated for simplicity, however the apparatus 320 may include one or more other components. In the present disclosure, in some implementations, the transceiver (or transmitter 252 and / or receiver254) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0174] In some implementations, various components of the apparatus 320 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the apparatus 320 may be located remotely from the equipment housing the antennas 256 for the apparatus 320 (and therefore also can be viewed as one or more nodes) . These modules, which can be considered as one or more nodes, may be coupled to the equipment that houses the antennas 256 over a communication link (not shown) , sometimes referred to as front haul, such as the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some implementations, the term apparatus 320 may also refer to network-side nodes that perform processing operations such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that which are not necessarily part of the equipment that houses the antennas 256 of the apparatus 320. The nodes may also be coupled to other apparatuses 320. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may actually be a plurality of nodes that are operating together to serve the apparatus 310, such as through the use of coordinated multipoint transmissions, or through the use of ORAN system as described above in the disclosure.
[0175] The processor 260 is configured to perform operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for DL transmission to the apparatus 310, processing an UL transmission received from the apparatus 310, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to another apparatus 320, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from another apparatus 320. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for DL or backhaul transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, precoding (such as MIMO precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the UL or over backhaul may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols, and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or DL synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 is further configured to generate an indication of beam direction, such as BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by the scheduler 253 which will be described below. In some implementations, the processor 260 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (such as BAI) received from another apparatus 320. The processor 260 is configured to perform other network side processing operations described herein, such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, determining where to deploy another apparatus 320, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 may generate signaling data, to configure one or more parameters of the apparatus 310 and / or one or more parameters of another apparatus 320. Any signaling data generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 implements physical layer processing. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may perform higher layer functions such as those at the Medium Access Control (MAC) or Radio Link Control (RLC) layers in addition to physical layer processing. In the apparatus 320, the scheduler 253 may be coupled to the processor 260 or integrated within the processor 260. In some implementations, the scheduler 253 may be integrated within the apparatus 320 or may be operated separately from the apparatus 320. The scheduler 253 may schedule UL, DL, SL, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free (such as “configured grant” ) resources.
[0176] The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258 that is configured to store instructions for performing the operations described herein. The memory 258 may also store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 320. For example, the memory 258 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or implementations described herein and that which are executed by the processor 260.
[0177] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may be implemented as part of the transmitter 252 and / or a part of the receiver 254. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253 and the memory 258 may be implemented as part of the processor 260.
[0178] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, the processing components of the transmitter 252, and the processing components of the receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, such as in the memory 258.
[0179] The apparatus 320 and / or the apparatus 310 may include other components, not shown or described herein for the sake of clarity.
[0180] Note that the term “signaling” , as used herein, may alternatively be referred to as control signaling, control message, control information, or message for simplicity. Signaling between a base station (such as the TRP 170a. 170b, 172) and a UE or sensing device (such as ED 110) , or signaling between a different UE or sensing device (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be carried in physical layer signaling (also called as dynamic signaling) , which is transmitted in a physical layer control channel. For DL, the physical layer signaling may be known as downlink control information (DCI) which is transmitted in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . For UL, the physical layer signaling may be known as uplink control information (UCI) which is transmitted in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) . For SL, signaling between different UEs or sensing devices (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be known as SL control information (SCI) which is transmitted in a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) . Signaling may be carried in a higher layer (such as higher than physical layer) signaling, which is transmitted in a physical layer data channel, such as in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for downlink signaling, in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for uplink signaling, and in a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) for SL signaling. Higher layer signaling may also be called static signaling, or semi-static signaling. The higher layer signaling may include radio resource control (RRC) protocol signaling or media access control -control element (MAC-CE) signaling. Signaling may be included in a combination of physical layer signaling and higher layer signaling.
[0181] It should be noted that in the present disclosure, “information” , when different from “message” , may be carried within a single message, or may be carried in multiple separate messages.
[0182] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a possible application framework in a communication system according to an implementation of the present application.
[0183] As shown in FIG. 4, network elements in the communication system are connected through interfaces (such as NG, Xn) or air interfaces. One or more devices in the network element nodes, such as core network devices, access network nodes (RAN nodes) , terminals, or operation, administration and maintenance (OAM) , are equipped with one or more AI modules (for clarity, only one AI model is shown in FIG. 4) . The access network node can include one RAN node or include multiple RAN nodes, such as CU and DU. The CU and / or DU can also be equipped with one or more AI modules. Optionally, CU can also be split into CU-CP and CU-UP. One or more AI models are set in CU-CP and / or CU-UP.
[0184] The AI module is used to implement corresponding AI functions. The AI modules deployed in different network elements can be the same or different. The model of the AI module can achieve different functions according to different parameter configurations. The model of the AI module can be configured based on one or more of the following parameters: structural parameters (such as neural network layers, neural network width, inter layer connectivity, neuron weights, neuron activation functions, or biases in the activation functions) , input parameters (such as input parameter types and / or input parameter dimensions) , or output parameters (such as output parameter types and / or output parameter dimensions) . Among them, the bias in the activation function can also be referred to as the bias of the neural network.
[0185] The AI module can have one or more models. One model can infer an output that includes one or more parameters. The learning process, training process, or inference process of different models can be deployed on different nodes or devices, or can be deployed on the same node or device.
[0186] It should be noted that FIG. 1 to FIG. 4 are only simplified schematic diagrams for ease of understanding. For example, other devices may also be included in the communication system, such as wireless relay devices and / or wireless return devices, which are not shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 4. In practical applications, the communication system can include multiple network devices or multiple terminal devices. The present implementation does not limit the number of network devices and terminal devices included in the communication system.
[0187] For the convenience of understanding the implementations of the present application, the following provides a brief explanation of the terms involved in the implementations of the present application.
[0188] (1) AI model;
[0189] The AI model is an algorithm or computer program that can implement AI functions. The AI model represents the mapping relationship between the input and output of the model. In other words, the AI model is a function model that maps a certain dimension of input to a certain dimension of output. The parameters of the function model can be trained through machine learning. For example, f (x) =mx2+n is a quadratic function model that can be viewed as an AI model, with m and n being the parameters of the AI model, which can be trained through machine learning. Foe example, the AI models mentioned in the following implementations of this application are not limited to neural networks, linear regression models, decision tree models, support vector machines (SVM) , Bayesian networks, Q-learning models, or other machine learning (ML) models.
[0190] It can be understood that the AI models can be implemented via hardware circuits, software, or a combination of software and hardware. This application does not limit the implementing approaches. Non-limiting examples of software include: program code, programs, subroutines, instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, software modules, applications, or software applications.
[0191] (2) Machine learning (ML) ;
[0192] ML is an implementation of artificial intelligence. Machine learning is a method that endows machines with the ability to learn, enabling them to perform functions that cannot be directly programmed. In practical terms, machine learning is a method of using data to train a model and then using the model to make predictions. There are many methods of machine learning, such as neural networks (NN) , decision trees, support vector machines, etc. Machine learning theory mainly involves designing and analyzing algorithms that enable computers to learn automatically. Machine learning algorithms are a type of algorithm that automatically analyzes data to obtain patterns and uses these patterns to predict unknown data.
[0193] (3) Neural network (NN) ;
[0194] Neural network is a specific implementation form of AI or machine learning. According to the general approximation theorem, neural networks can theoretically approximate any continuous function, enabling them to learn any mapping.
[0195] A neural network can be composed of neural units, which can refer to arithmetic units with xs and intercept 1 as inputs. A neural network is a network formed by connecting many of the aforementioned single neural units together, where the output of one neural unit can be the input of another. The input of each neural unit can be connected to the local receptive domain of the previous layer to extract features of the local receptive domain, which can be a region composed of several neural units.
[0196] Taking the type of AI model as a neural network as an example, the AI model involved in this application can be a deep neural network (DNN) . According to the construction method of the network, DNN can include feedforward neural networks (FNN) , convolutional neural networks (CNN) , recurrent neural networks (RNN) , etc.
[0197] (4) Training dataset and inference data;
[0198] In the field of machine learning, ground truth usually refers to data that is considered accurate or real.
[0199] The training dataset is used for training AI models, which can include the input of the AI model or the input and target output of the AI model. Among them, the training dataset includes one or more training data, which can include training samples input to the AI model or target outputs of the AI model. Among them, the target output can also be referred to as a label, sample label, or labeled sample. The label is the true value.
[0200] In the field of communication, training datasets can include simulation data collected through simulation platforms, experimental data collected from experimental scenarios, or actual measurement data collected in actual communication networks. Due to differences in the geographical environment and channel conditions in which data is generated, such as indoor, outdoor, movement speed, frequency band, or antenna configuration, the collected data can be classified when obtaining it. For example, grouping data with the same channel propagation environment and antenna configuration together.
[0201] Model training is essentially learning certain features from the training data. In the process of training an AI model (such as a neural network model) , because we want the output of the AI model to be as close as possible to the actual value we want to predict, we can compare the predicted value of the current network with the actual target value, and then update the weight vector of each layer of the AI model based on the difference between the two (of course, there is usually an initialization process before the first update, that is, pre configuring parameters for each layer of the AI model) . For example, if the predicted value of the network is high, we adjust the weight vector to make it predict lower, continuously adjusting it until the AI model can predict the actual target value or match the actual target value. Very close value. Therefore, it is necessary to define in advance "how to compare the difference between the predicted value and the target value" , which is the loss function or objective function, which are important equations used to measure the difference between the predicted value and the target value. Taking the loss function as an example, the higher the output value (loss) of the loss function, the greater the difference. Therefore, the training of the AI model becomes a process of minimizing this loss as much as possible, making the value of the loss function smaller than the threshold, or making the value of the loss function meet the target requirements. For example, if the AI model is a neural network, adjusting the model parameters of the neural network includes adjusting at least one of the following parameters: the number of layers, width, weights of neurons, or parameters in the activation function of neurons.
[0202] Inference data can be used as input for AI models that have completed training, for inference purposes. In the process of model inference, inputting inference data into the AI model can obtain the corresponding output, which is the inference result.
[0203] The design of AI models mainly includes data collection (such as collecting training data and / or inference data) , model training, and model inference. Furthermore, it can also include the application of inference results.
[0204] FIG. 5 illustrates a diagram of a functional framework for AI / ML for NR air interface according to an implementation of present application.
[0205] As shown in FIG. 5, Data collection serves as the foundation, gathering the necessary input for the AI / ML models to learn, adapt, and make decisions. This encompasses not only the training data needed to develop and refine these models but also the monitoring data that guides their management and the inference data that helps draw actionable insights.
[0206] The model training function lies at the heart of this framework, tasked with the iterative process of training AI / ML models and validating their performance against key metrics. This function ensures that models are prepared to handle the demands of a dynamic network environment.
[0207] Management functions play a pivotal role, orchestrating the operation and monitoring of AI / ML models. These functions make crucial decisions on model deployment, ensuring the network’s proper response to varying conditions.
[0208] The inference function applies the insights gained from AI / ML models to the real-time data streaming through the network. This application produces outputs that inform network adjustments and optimizations, making it a key driver of network responsiveness.
[0209] Model storage is a crucial aspect of the framework, maintaining a repository of AI / ML models that the network can access and deploy as needed. This function enables the network to utilize the best-suited models for given situations, facilitating efficient operation
[0210] The communication system can include network elements with artificial intelligence capabilities. The above steps related to AI model design can be executed by one or more network elements with artificial intelligence capabilities. In one possible design, AI functions (such as AI modules or AI entities) can be configured within existing network elements in the communication system to achieve AI related operations, such as training and / or inference of AI models. For example, the existing network element can be an access network device or a terminal device. Alternatively, in another possible design, independent network elements can be introduced in the communication system to perform AI related operations, such as training AI models. The independent network element can be referred to as an AI network element (or AI node, AI entity) , etc. The present implementation does not limit its name.
[0211] For example, the AI network element can be directly connected to the access network devices in the communication system, or indirectly connected through third-party network elements and access network devices. Among them, third-party network elements can be authentication management function (AMF) network elements, user plane function (UPF) network elements and other network devices, operation administration and maintenance (OAM) , servers (such as cloud servers) or other network elements, without limitation. For example, the independent AI network element can be deployed on one or more of the access network device side, terminal device side, or core network side. Alternatively, it can be deployed on servers such as cloud servers, or on over the top (OTT) devices.
[0212] The training process of different models can be deployed on different devices or nodes, or on the same device or node. The inference process of different models can be deployed on different devices or nodes, or on the same device or node. Taking the terminal device completing the model training process as an example, the terminal device can train the matching encoder and decoder, and then send the model parameters of the decoder to the network device. Taking the model training process completed by network devices as an example, after training the supporting encoder and decoder, the network devices can indicate the model parameters of the encoder to the terminal devices. Taking the independent AI network element to complete the model training process as an example, the AI network element can train the supporting encoder and decoder, and then send the model parameters of the encoder to the terminal device and the decoder to the network device. Furthermore, the model inference process corresponding to the encoder is performed in the terminal device, and the model inference process corresponding to the decoder is performed in the network device.
[0213] Among them, model parameters can include one or more structural parameters of the model (such as the number of layers and / or weights of the model) , input parameters of the model (such as input dimensions and number of input ports) , or output parameters of the model (such as output dimensions and number of output ports) . It can be understood that the input dimension can refer to the size of an input data, for example, when the input data is a sequence, the input dimension corresponding to the sequence can indicate the length of the sequence. The number of input ports can refer to the quantity of input data. Similarly, the output dimension can refer to the size of an output data, for example, when the output data is a sequence, the output dimension corresponding to the sequence can indicate the length of the sequence. The number of output ports can refer to the quantity of output data.
[0214] For ease of understanding of the implementations of this application, the following briefly describes several terms used in this application.
[0215] (5) Cell / Carrier / Bandwidth Parts (BWPs) / Occupied Bandwidth:
[0216] A device, such as a base station, may provide coverage over a cell. Wireless communication with the device may occur over one or more carrier frequencies. A carrier frequency will be referred to as a carrier. A carrier may alternatively be called a component carrier (CC) . A carrier may be characterized by its bandwidth and a reference frequency, e.g. the center or lowest or highest frequency of the carrier. A carrier may be on licensed or unlicensed spectrum. Wireless communication with the device may also or instead occur over one or more bandwidth parts (BWPs) . For example, a carrier may have one or more BWPs. More generally, wireless communication with the device may occur over spectrum. The spectrum may comprise one or more carriers and / or one or more BWPs.
[0217] A cell may include one or multiple downlink resources and optionally one or multiple uplink resources, or a cell may include one or multiple uplink resources and optionally one or multiple downlink resources, or a cell may include both one or multiple downlink resources and one or multiple uplink resources. As an example, a cell might only include one downlink carrier / BWP, or only include one uplink carrier / BWP, or include multiple downlink carriers / BWPs, or include multiple uplink carriers / BWPs, or include one downlink carrier / BWP and one uplink carrier / BWP, or include one downlink carrier / BWP and multiple uplink carriers / BWPs, or include multiple downlink carriers / BWPs and one uplink carrier / BWP, or include multiple downlink carriers / BWPs and multiple uplink carriers / BWPs.
[0218] 6) Beam
[0219] Beam also can be expressed as a spatial filter or spatial parameters correspondingly. A beam can be formed by performing amplitude and / or phase weighting on data transmitted or received by at least one antenna port, or can be formed by using another method: for example, adjusting a related parameter of an antenna unit. The beam may include a transmit beam (Tx beam) and / or a receive beam (Rx beam) . A beam used to transmit a signal may be referred to as a Tx beam, and can be expressed as a spatial domain transmit filter, or spatial transmit parameters correspondingly. The transmit beam indicates distribution of signal strength formed in different directions in space after a signal is transmitted through an antenna port. A beam used to receive a signal may be referred to as a Rx beam, and can be expressed as a spatial domain receive filter, or spatial receive parameters. The receive beam indicates distribution of signal strength that is of a wireless signal received from an antenna port and that is in different directions in space. The beam information may be a beam identifier, or antenna port (s) identifier, or channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) resource identifier, or synchronization signal block (SSB) resource identifier, or sounding reference signal (SRS) resource identifier, or other reference signal resource identifiers. The beam may be characterized by its angles, angle-of-arrival and angle-of departure.
[0220] 7) Beam management
[0221] Beam management procedures include the mechanisms that can provide and maintain beams that can be used for the communication link to provide a beamforming gain. Such mechanisms should facilitate agile beam recovery and autonomously track, refine and adjust beams. Beam management mainly includes one or more of the following: beam sweeping, beam tracking, beam measurement and reporting, beam prediction, beam switching, beam failure detection (BFD) , beam failure recovery (BFR) , and the like.
[0222] 8) Beam sweeping
[0223] A base station may sequentially transmit signals by using beams of different directions, and search for an optimal transmit beam (e.g., provides the highest received power) aligned with a UE by traversing and sweeping all beams. When performing beam sweeping via beams, the transmitter sends reference signals via the beams in different directions while the receiver searches via beams for reference signals transmitted by the transmitter, also in a number of different directions. Examples of a type of reference signal that is transmitted by a base station, may be a CSI-RS, SSB or a positioning reference signal (PRS) . An example of a type of reference signal that may be transmitted by a UE may be an SRS. Beam sweeping overhead involves a number of beam pairs (a transmit beam and a receive beam forming a beam pair) that are searched in order to find one or more beam pairs that have preferred characteristics (e.g., best signal strength) for data communication between the transmitter and receiver. Besides the number of beam pairs, the beam sweeping overhead also depends on a duration to perform the measurement (e.g. measurement of the received signal strength) .
[0224] 9) Beam measurements
[0225] Beam measurements are important for proper data transmission and decoding as well as beam and cell association, as communication parameters may be configured based at least partly on the beam measurement values. Conventionally, a UE periodically reports, to an associated base station, such as a base station serving the UE, a base station that may be a potential handover candidate, a base station that may be used as part of beam failure recovery, the beam measurement values, for example, the measured beam reference signal received power (RSRP) , signal to noise ratio (SNR) , signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) , reference signal received quality (RSRQ) , interference power, and / or signal power. Whenever a UE changes its location, speed, or orientation, the beam to be reported to the associated base station may have different RSRP values, because the beam is configured to be transmitted at one or more particular angles or to a specific area. The UE may report, to the base station, measured RSRP values for different types of beams. For example, serving beams, beams that may be used for beam switching, beams that may be used for BFR, and / or beams that may be used for potential handover (HO) .
[0226] 10) Beam prediction
[0227] Beam prediction may potentially reduce the latency for beam switching and thereby fluctuations experienced in link quality. Beam prediction may be performed at the base station or the UE, or both.
[0228] The following describes the implementations of this application in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0229] In the implementations of this application, a time-frequency resource may be referred to as any one of: a resource, a time-frequency domain resource, a time-frequency resource set, or a time-frequency resource block.
[0230] In the implementations of this application, “and / or” describes an association relationship between associated objects and represents that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may represent the following three cases: only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists. The character “ / ” generally indicates an “or” relationship between the associated objects. “At least one” means one or more. “At least one of A and B” , similar to “A and / or B” , describes an association relationship between associated objects and represents that three relationships may exist. For example, at least one of A and B may represent the following three cases: only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists.
[0231] During a study item (SI) , the AI / ML is studied to apply on beam management and positioning. The life cycle management (LCM) for the following components have been discussed: Training, Functionality Identification / UE capability, Model Transfer / Update, Inference, Functionality Monitoring and Functionality management. The Functionality management may include configuration / activation, deconfiguration / deactivation, switching between functionalities and fallback to default functionality.
[0232] During a work item (WI) , further progress was made on the LCM procedure for Model Transfer / Update as well as on Inference operation for the case of UE sided model in the beam management prediction use case. For the inference operation in LCM, this involves how the supported functionalities of the UE are known to the network via UE capability signaling, when the functionalities are applicable to be configured by the network and also on the enabling of the inference by the network. The inference operation procedure is shown as in FIG. 6. The procedure consists of configuration / functionality for inference operation, applicable reporting of functionality / configurations and the enabling of the inference operation for beam management of UE sided model.
[0233] The beam management prediction can be conducted in the following 2 approaches.
[0234] One approach is used for the Spatial domain DL Tx beam prediction (or beam management BM-case 1) . BM-case 1 means that the UE uses actual measurements of some beams to predict the measurements of the same, subset and / or other beams of the same cells. This is noted by Set B which is a set of beams actually measured by UE and is used as an input to the AI model while Set A which is a set of beams predicted by the UE at the output of the AI model. If Set B is a subset of Set A or Set A is different from Set B, this will result in some form of spatial domain prediction and the benefit of this is that UE needs to measure less of reference signal (RS) and thus save UE power consumption. From the NW side, it may result in less RS overhead.
[0235] Another approach is used for Temporal domain DL Tx beam prediction (or beam management BM-case 2) . BM-case 2 means that the UE uses actual historical measurement of a set of beams (again Set B) as input to the AI model with output to predict the future measurements of the same set of beams. Note that BM-case 2 can also applied spatial domain prediction if the Set B is a subset or different to Set A. Two further cases (Case A and Case B) of the temporal domain DL Tx beam prediction have also been discussed. For Case A, the UE measured Mt time instances (Mt number of RSs) while predicting Pt time instances (Pt number of RSs) . For Case B, predictions are performed in instances between 2 actual measurements and these actual measurements when AI is applied are less than the instances where no AI is used. Again both Case A and Case B will result in reduce RS measurements by the UE and thus save UE power and less RS overhead by the NW.
[0236] FIG. 6 illustrates a diagram of an inference operation procedure according to an implementation of present application. The method may be performed by a network and a UE, or performed by a chip, a circuit, or a processing system configured in the network and the UE. For example, the network may be a base station or other network mentioned above. The type of the UE isn’ t limited in present application. The UE may be an ED mentioned above. The method applies the network and the UE as an example of conducting entities. The procedures in FIG. 6 are as following.
[0237] At step 610, the network transmits, and accordingly, the UE receives UE Capability Enquiry message to initiate the procedure to the UE reporting its AI / ML supported functionalities.
[0238] The supported functionalities can refer to functionalities that UE can indicate by using UE capability information (via RRC) .
[0239] At step 620, the UE transmits, and accordingly, the network receives UE Capability Information message containing supported functionalities at the UE side.
[0240] At step 630, the network transmits, and accordingly, the UE receives RRC Reconfiguration message.
[0241] The following configurations may be included in the RRC Reconfiguration message:
[0242] 1) UE is allowed to perform UE Assistance Information (UAI) reporting if it is configured via OtherConfig in RRCReconfiguration message.
[0243] 2) Network may provide NW-side additional condition in the RRC Reconfiguration message. The NW-side additional condition may be mandatory or optional.
[0244] 3) The configuration of the supported functionalities based on configuration A) and / or configuration B) can be included in the RRC Reconfiguration message.
[0245] Between step 630 and step 640, the UE decides the applicable functionalities based on configuration A) and / or configuration B) and NW-side additional conditions (if it is provided in the step 630) , UE-side additional conditions (internally known by the UE) and model availability in device.
[0246] The configuration A) may be one or more of CSI-ReportConfig for inference configuration wherein an associated ID may be configured in CSI framework as working assumption applied. It should be noted that CSI report configuration for UE-side model inference can’ t be activated immediately upon receiving step 630.
[0247] The configuration B) may be one set or multiple sets of inference related parameters for applicability report only (not for inference) . The set of inference related parameters selected from the IEs in / or the IEs referred by CSI-ReportConfig as a starting point.
[0248] Step 640, the UE transmits, and accordingly, the network receives the Applicable functionality reporting message which can be as response to the RRC Reconfiguration message or in a separate message in UAI message.
[0249] The applicable functionality refers to functionalities that the UE is ready to apply for inference.
[0250] The UE reports applicable functionality in the following scenarios: 1) Upon being configured to provide applicable functionality and upon change of applicable functionality via UAI. 2) As response to NW-side additional condition requesting applicable functionality reporting in step 630, the applicable functionality can be report via UAI or RRC Reconfiguration Complete, etc.
[0251] For example, the UE transmits, and accordingly, the network receives applicability for all the above configuration A) (one or more CSI-ReportConfig) and / or configuration B) (set (s) of inference related parameters) .
[0252] If configuration A) is configured in step 630, applicable aperiodic CSI report and semi-persistent CSI report can be activated / triggered by NW after the applicable reported at step 640. Or, if configuration A) is configured in step 630, applicable periodic CSI report is considered as activated only if the applicability of the corresponding CSI-ReportConfig is reported in RRC Reconfiguration Complete.
[0253] Optional, at step 650, if an inference configuration based on the supported functionality is not provided in the step 630, the network transmits, and accordingly, the UE receives the inference configuration in the RRC Reconfiguration message after applicable functionality reporting in step 640.
[0254] If the inference configuration based on the supported functionality is provided in the step 630, an updated configuration can be reported at step 650.
[0255] If the UE has not been configured CSI-ReportConfig with in step 630, the network can optionally configured CSI-ReportConfig for inference configuration in RRC Reconfiguration, where the associated ID may be configured in CSI framework as working assumption applied.
[0256] The applicable functionality may be activated by receiving its inference configuration when it is provided in step 650.
[0257] Step 660, activation, deactivation, inference or monitoring will be conducted between the UE and the network.
[0258] As part of enabling the inference operation for Beam Management prediction, the network may need to provide its network sided additional condition in the form of associated ID. This associated ID may be corresponding to one or more of the functionalities (e.g. 1-to-1, 1-to-N, M-to-1 or M-to-N relationships) . Note that the term “functionality” may be substituted by other terms like inference configurations. Similarly, each pair of functionality and associated ID can correspond to one to many UE side additional conditions and vice versa. However, the granularity of the functionalities is not clear from the aspect of configuration B) in the RAN1 agreement related to Beam Management.
[0259] In the WI, the following use cases are agreed: Spatial-domain DL Tx beam prediction for Set A of beams based on measurement results of Set B of beams ( “BM-Case1” ) and Temporal DL Tx beam prediction for Set A of beams based on the historic measurement results of Set B of beams ( “BM-Case2” ) .
[0260] Within BM-Case 1, the number of beams and beams used for model input (Set B of beams) can be a subset of or different to the model output (Set A of beams) .
[0261] Within BM-Case 2, there are Case A and B where Case A is based on historical measurements (which is also referred to as Observation window referring to the historical time instanced used) for prediction (which is also referred to as Prediction window referring to future time instances that are predicted) with or without sliding window and Case B is based on periodic actual measurement to predict instances between actual measurements. The number of beams and beam used for model input can be the same as output or a subset or different to the set at the output like in BM-Case 1.
[0262] The granularity of the functionality is not clear related to a model for beam management.
[0263] In this application, the aspect of supported functionalities (i.e. UE capabilities) and the functionalities used by the network for filtering the applicable functionalities reporting and the reporting contents in the applicable functionality reporting are detailed.
[0264] Referring to FIG. 7, FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart of a method for beam management according to an implementation of this application. The method may be performed by a network and a UE, or performed by a chip, a circuit, or a processing system configured in the network and the UE. The method applies the network and the UE as an example of conducting entities.
[0265] In some implementations, the network may be a base station or other network mentioned above. The type of the UE isn’ t limited in present application. The UE may be an ED mentioned above.
[0266] At step 710, the network transmits, and accordingly, the UE receives a first configuration. The first configuration indicates a first set of beams and a second set of beams associated with a model for beam management. The first set of beams is used as an input for training the model and the second set of beams is used as an output for training the model.
[0267] The first set of beams can also be referred to as the set B of beams. The second set of beams can also be referred to as the set A of beams.
[0268] For example, the first set of beams may be the same as the second set of beams. Or the first set of beams may be different from the second set of beams. Or the first set of beams may be a subset of the second set of beams.
[0269] The model for beam management is suitable for the above two approaches which are BM-Case 1 and BM-Case 2.
[0270] In other words, the first configuration is used to restrict an applicable functionality associated with the first set of beams and the second set of beams that the UE can report.
[0271] The applicable functionality associated with the first set of beams and the second set of beams is suitable for the UE in one or more cells and / or the trained model for beam management in the UE.
[0272] In other words, the applicable functionality associated with the first set of beams and the second set of beams is used for the model suitable for different cells. In different cells, the applicable functionality associated with the first set of beams and the second set of beams may be different or the same.
[0273] For example, if the UE communicates with the network in a cell A, the applicable functionality associated with the first set of beams and the second set of beams is used for the model for beam management in the cell A. And if the UE moves to a cell B and communicates with the cell B, the applicable functionality associated with the first set of beams and the second set of beams in cell A is applied for the model for beam management in the cell B. Or if the UE moves to the cell B, another new applicable functionality associated with another first set of beams and another set of beams is used for the model for beam management in the cell B.
[0274] The first configuration includes one or more the first set of beams and one or more the second set of beams associated with one or more models for beam management in different cell. This application does not limit the amount of the first set of beams, the second set of beams and the model for managements. In other words, the first set of beams and the second set of beams indicated in the first configuration is suitable for different models in different cells.
[0275] For example, the first configuration may be carried in the RRC Reconfiguration message as shown in FIG. 6. This application does not limit the type of message to carry the first configuration.
[0276] At step 720, the UE transmits, and accordingly, the network receives a first report. The first report indicates applicable functionality associated with the first set of beams and the second set of beams.
[0277] Applicable functionalities may contain components of the model that may change from cell to cell and / or related to UE trained model which excluding UE side additional conditions.
[0278] For example, the first report may be carried in the Applicable functionality reporting message as shown in FIG. 6.Or the first report may be carried in other messages like UAI message or RRC Reconfiguration Complete message. This application does not limit the type of message to carry the first report.
[0279] It should be noted that this application does not limit the amount of the first set of beams and the amount of the second set of beams. And the amount of the model is also not limited in this application. Because parameters of the model for beam management may change from cell to cell. In other words, the data used to train the models for different cells may be different.
[0280] In the foregoing method, the UE can report the applicable functionality according to the first configuration related with the beams used to train model for beam management in one or more cells. The UE can report such applicable functionality in one or more cells each may have a trained model in the UE for beam management according to the first configuration related with the beams used to train the model for the cell.
[0281] And the relationship between the first set of beams and the second set of beams indicated in the first configuration may be one to one, one to multiple, or multiple to one.
[0282] In some implementations, the first configuration comprises one or more first parameters associated with channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) and a first set of associated identities (IDs) . The one or more first parameter associated with the CSI-RS indicates the first set of beams. And the first set of associated IDs indicates one or more the second set of beams.
[0283] In some implementations, one of the first set t of associated IDs is assigned during the training phase to associate the network side condition used during the training with what will be used during inference phase. One of the first set of associated IDs is further used to assign the network side condition between the training phase and the inference phase. In other words, one of the first set of associated IDs may be not only associated with the network side condition, but also associated with the second set of beams used during the training phase. For example, one of the first set of associated IDs is associated with configurations and / or CSI-RS resources of the second set of beams.
[0284] For example, the network side condition may be pure network internal conditions such as beam shaping, radio frequency (RF) settings which are not known to the UE.
[0285] This is suitable for the scenario that the relationship between the first set of beams and the second set of beams indicated in the first configuration may be one to multiple. In other words, one first set of beams and one or more of the second set of beams are indicated in the first configuration.
[0286] For example, the one or more first parameters associated with the CSI-RS may include the CSI-RS resource and report configuration.
[0287] The UE may determine the number of beams and which specific beams in the first set of beams based on the CSI-RS resource and report configuration.
[0288] The UE may determine the number of beams and which specific beams in the second of beams based on the one of the first set of associated IDs.
[0289] In other words, one of the first set of associated IDs may map the number of beams and which specific beams in the second of beams. The number of beams and which specific beams in the second of beams may be stored in the UE. The information, which may include the number of beams and which specific beams, of the second of beams is known to the network during the data collection request during training. For example, the base station indicates the second set of beams when providing the training configuration, and the UE request the Set A configuration for training.
[0290] In some implementations, if one of the first set of associated IDs indicates the second set of beams is the same as the first set of beams, the one or more parameters associated with the CSI-RS further indicates the second set of beams.
[0291] For example, the parameters associated with the CSI-RS may include the CSI-RS resource and report configuration.
[0292] In other words, one of the first set of associated IDs indicates parameters associated with the second set of beams are the same as parameters associated with the first set of beams.
[0293] For example, one or more codes or bits in a field corresponding to the associated ID indicate that the second set of beams is the same as the first set of beams. One or more codes or bits in a field corresponding to the associated ID indicate that parameters associated with the second set of beams are the same as parameters associated with the first set of beams.
[0294] In a possible implementation, the first configuration comprises one or more first parameters associated with channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) and an indication that indicates that the second set of beams is the same as the first set of beams. The one or more first parameters associated with the CSI-RS indicates the first set of beams.
[0295] For example, the indication can be one or more codes and bits in a field of the first configuration.
[0296] The associated ID can be an example of the indication that the second set of beams is the same as the first set of beams.
[0297] The UE may determine the number of beams and which specific beams in the first set of beams and the second set of beams based on the CSI-RS resource and report configuration as well as one of the first set of associated IDs.
[0298] Optionally, the UE may check whether the first configuration signaled by the network is applicable based on the first set of associated IDs and the parameters associated with the CSI-RS.
[0299] In some implementations, the first report may comprises first indicating information indicates that the first set of beams is applicable and indicates at least one associated ID to be applicable in the first set of associated IDs.
[0300] In other words, the first set of beams derived by the parameters associated with the CSI-RS is applicable and at least one second set of beams associated with the at least one associated ID is applicable.
[0301] In some implementations, if information about the second set of beams does not correspond to the first set of associated IDs during training, the first configuration includes one or more first parameters associated with channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) and first information related to the second set of beams. The one or more first parameters associated with the CSI-RS indicates the first set of beams. And the first information comprises one or more amounts of the second set of beams, one or more relationships between the second set of beams and the first set of beams and a set of related IDs that indicates a set of orders of CSI-RS resources; one of the set of orders of the CSI-RS resources corresponds to the order of the second set of beams.
[0302] In other words, if the information about the second set of beams cannot be indicated by the first set of associated IDs or if the information about the second set of beams is not aligned between the UE and the network during the training phase of the model for beam management, the above information can be included in the first configuration.
[0303] For example, the one or more relationships between the second set of beams and the first set of beams may include the following relationships: the second set of beams and the first set of beams may be the same set of beams; the second set of beams is different from the first set of beams, or the first set of beams is a subset of the second set of beams.
[0304] Optionally, the UE checks may check whether the first configuration signaled by the network is applicable based on the first information and the parameters associated with the CSI-RS.
[0305] In some implementations, the first report comprises second indicating information which indicates that the first set of beams is applicable, and indicates at least one amount to be applicable in the one or more amounts, at least one relationship to be applicable in the one or more relationships, and at least one related ID to be applicable in the set of related IDs.
[0306] In other words, the second indicating information may indicate the first set of beams is applicable and indicate the information of at least one the second set of beams which is corresponding to applicable the first set of beams. The information of at least one the second set of beams may include at least one amount to be applicable in the one or more amounts, at least one relationship to be applicable in the one or more relationships, and at least one related ID to be applicable in the set of related IDs. The at least one related ID is used to indicate the specific beams in the second set.
[0307] In a possible implementation, the first configuration includes one or more first parameters associated with channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) and one or more second parameters associated with CSI-RS. The one or more first parameters associated with the CSI-RS indicates the first set of beams. And the one or more second parameters associated with CSI-RS indicates the second set of beams.
[0308] The one or more first parameters associated with CSI-RS can be the same as the one or more second parameters associated with CSI-RS. The one or more first parameters associated with CSI-RS can be different from the one or more second parameters associated with CSI-RS.
[0309] In a possible design, the first report comprised third indicating information which indicates that the first set of beams and the second set of beams are applicable.
[0310] For example, the third indicating information indicates part of the one or more first parameters of the first set of beams and part of the one or more second parameters of the second set of beams are applicable.
[0311] In some implementations, the first report comprises fourth indicating information that indicates a third set of beams used by the UE. The third set of beams is a subset of the first set of beams.
[0312] In other words, the fourth indicating information is used to indicate the actual beams used by the UE. In some cases, if the UE uses a subset of the first set of beams (e.g. the UE uses a subset of the first set of beams during training to predict the second set of beams) than the first set of beams configured in the first configuration for prediction of the second set of beams, the UE can transmit the fourth indicating information to the network.
[0313] In a possible implementation, the maximum subset of the first set of beams can be derived based on the third set of beams which is actual used by the UE. In other words, the actual size of the first set of beams used during the training can be derived based on the third set of beams. It benefits the network from not wasting the RS resources.
[0314] In some implementations, the first report further comprises a configuration ID related to the first configuration, and the configuration ID indicates the first set of beams and the second set of beams are applicable.
[0315] This configuration ID is basically to indicate the first configuration which is related to the first set of beams and the second set of beams is applicable. This configuration ID can be together with the associated ID indicated by the first indicating information or with the information of the second set of beams.
[0316] The above implementations may be suitable for the scenario of BM-Case 1 and BM-Case 2. In other words, the information in the above first configuration and the first report may be common between BM-Case 1 and BM-Case 2. For Case in the BM-Case 2 which is temporal domain DL Tx beam prediction Case A, more information is need to be configured.
[0317] In some implementations, the first configuration further comprises first time instances when the second set of beams will be predicted.
[0318] The first time instances when the second set of beams will be predicted can also be referred to as a prediction window of the model. This is suitable for all reporting types like aperiodic reporting, semi-persistent reporting and periodic reporting.
[0319] In some implementations, the first configuration further comprises second time instance when the first set of beams has been measured.
[0320] The second time instances when the first set of beams has been measured an also be referred to as an observation window of the model. This is suitable for aperiodic reporting and semi-persistent reporting.
[0321] For periodic reporting, the time domain RS configuration in the first configuration will have provided the observation window, e.g. UE can determine the observation window based on the periodicity of the time domain RS.
[0322] In some implementations, the first report further comprises fifth indicating information that indicates whether a sliding window is used for training the model in the UE.
[0323] In other words, whether a model that is associated with the applicable first set of beams and the applicable second set of beams indicated in the report is based on sliding window or not is indicated in the first report. For example, in the temporal domain prediction Case A, the UE can use sliding window or no sliding window when the model is trained.
[0324] The above implementations can be applied in the CSI-ReportConfig, which can be an example of the first configuration, is used by the network to guide the UE reporting of applicable functionalities.
[0325] In some implementations, the first configuration may include one or more first parameters associated with CSI-RS for the first set of beams and second time instances when the first set of beams has been measured; and one or more second parameters associated with CSI-RS for the second set of beams and first time instances when the second set of beams will be predicted.
[0326] The explanations of the one or more first parameters associated with CSI-RS, the second time instances, the one or more second parameters associated with CSI-RS and the first time instances can refer to the above description and are not repeated here.
[0327]
[0328] In some implementations, the first configuration comprises a second set of associated IDs. And one of the second set of associated IDs that indicates the first set of beams and the second set of beams. And the first report comprises one or more associated IDs in the second set of associated IDs.
[0329] In a possible implementation, if the first set of beams and the second set of beams are referred to as a beam configuration, one of the second set of associated IDs indicates one beam configuration. One beam configuration may include one first set of beams and one second set of beams. In other words, if the first set of beams and the second set of beams are referred to as a whole, the relationship between the second set of associated IDs and beam configurations can be one to one.
[0330] In a possible implementation, if the first set of beams and the second set of beams are referred to as a beam configuration, one of the second set of associated IDs indicates multiple beam configurations. One beam configuration may include one first set of beams and one second set of beams. In other words, if the first set of beams and the second set of beams are referred to as a whole, the relationship between the second set of associated IDs and beam configurations can be one to multiple.
[0331] If the second set of beams and the first set of beams are known during the data collection for training by the network, the second set of associated IDs will indicate information on the RS resource configurations for the data collection and can be used by the UE to know what functionalities are allowed to be reported as applicable by the UE. Such parameters that may be indicated by one of the second set of associated IDs may include Measurement periodicity T per for temporal domain prediction Case A in BM-Case 2, periodicity T on the periodicity of the actual measurement for temporal domain prediction Case B in BM-Case 2, size of the first set of beams and size of the second set of beams, and characteristics (e.g. fixed beam etc. ) of the first set of beams and size of the second set of beams.
[0332] In the above scenario, the first report includes the comprises one or more associated IDs in the second set of associated IDs. The one or more associated IDs indicates the applicable functionality associated with the first set of beams and the second set of beams.
[0333] In some implementations, the first report further comprises sixth indicating information that indicates a fourth set of beams used by the UE. The fourth set of beams is a subset of the first set of beams.
[0334] One of the second set of associated IDs has one to multiple relation to functionality with different first sets of beams.
[0335] If the UE uses a subset of the first set of beams (e.g. the UE uses a subset of the first set of beams during training to predict the second set of beams) than the first set of beams configured in the first configuration for prediction of the second set of beams, the UE can indicate fourth set of beams which is the actual beams to the network in the applicable functionality reporting so that the network can reduce the RS overhead. Such indication can also indicate the maximum subset of Set B configured.
[0336] In a possible implementation, the sixth indicating information can also indicate the maximum subset of the first set of beams.
[0337] The above implementations can be applied in the one set or multiple sets of inference related parameters, which are an example of the first configuration, are used by the network to guide the UE reporting of applicable functionalities.
[0338] Optionally, at step 730, the UE transmits, and accordingly, the network receives assistance information.
[0339] In some implementations, the assistance information indicates initial key performance indicator (KPI) corresponding to the applicable functionality.
[0340] Optionally, the KPI corresponding to the applicable functionality can also be carried in the first report. This application does not limit the message to carry the KPI corresponding to the applicable functionality.
[0341] The KPI corresponding to the applicable functionality is used to indicate the network the performance of the applicable functionality corresponding to the trained model. In other words, the KPI corresponding to the applicable functionality would be beneficial for the network to know how well the functionality has been trained (by the OTT server) before the network configures the UE to perform prediction on the applicable functionality. Or the KPI corresponding to the applicable functionality would be beneficial for the network to trigger the data collection for training to improve on the KPI.
[0342] In a possible implementation, some initial indications on the KPI used in the past using this applicable functionality or during the training can be reported as part of the applicable functionality reporting to the network. The network can then judge whether to use it directly or perform further performance monitoring before inference operation is performed or perform further training of the applicable functionality.
[0343] In a possible implementation, the KPI corresponding to the applicable functionality may include intermedia KPI like the L1-RSRP difference between predicted and measured L1 RSRP (e.g. Top-1 DL Tx beam prediction accuracy, average L1-RSRP difference of Top-1 predicted beam etc. ) . The KPI corresponding to the applicable functionality may further include System level simulation KPI like UE average throughput etc.
[0344] Optionally, the assistance information may further indicate that the model corresponding to the applicable functionality is not available. Then the network can use this assistance information to trigger model transfer operation. This is for the case where the model is stored in the 3GPP network in the one-sided UE model or for 2-sided UE model. This makes more sense if the first configuration is provided in step 710.
[0345] Optionally, the assistance information may further indicate the first configuration has not been trained. And then the network can use this information to trigger the training LCM procedure for the first configuration. This makes more sense if the first configuration is provided step 710. This is useful for initial non-applicable indication.
[0346] Optionally, the assistance information may further indicate that there is limitation of UE memory and processing capabilities for the first configuration. This can be indicated for initial and subsequent non-applicable indication. The network can use this to remove the first configuration.
[0347] Optionally, before step 710, at step 740, the UE transmits, and accordingly, the network receives first capability information that indicates a maximum number of a second set of beams and a maximum ratio of the first set of beams and the second set of beams.
[0348] For example, the first capability information can be carried in UE capability information message. This application does not limit the type of message to carry the first capability.
[0349] In some implementations, the possible value of the maximum number of a second set of beams can be e.g. {32, 64, 128} .
[0350] In some implementations, the possible value of maximum ratio of the first set of beams and the second set of beams can be e.g. {1 / 16, 1 / 8, 1 / 4, 1 / 2, 1} .
[0351] Since the size of the second set of beams may be affected by the maximum UE memory and processing capability, it should be included as part of the UE capability. Assuming that the larger the size of the second set of beams and also that more number of beams is predicted in the second set of beams relative to the first set of beams result in more complex model and thus requiring more UE memory and processing capability.
[0352] The first capability information is suitable for the BM-Case 1 and the BM-Case 2.
[0353] Optionally, before step 710, at step 750, the UE transmits, and accordingly, the network receives second capability information that indicates a maximum value of first time instances when the second set of beams will be predicted and a maximum ratio of the first time instances and second time instances when the first set of beams has been measured.
[0354] For example, the second capability information can be carried in UE capability information message. This application does not limit the type of message to carry the second capability.
[0355] The first time instances can also be referred to as prediction window associated with model when the second set of beams will be predicted. And the second time instances can also be referred to as observation window associated with model when the first set of beams has been measured.
[0356] In some implementations, the possible value of the maximum value of the first time instances can be e.g. {40, 80, 160, 320, 640, …} . In other words, the possible value of the maximum prediction window associated with the model can be e.g. {40, 80, 160, 320, 640, …} .
[0357] In some implementations, the possible value of the maximum ratio of the first time instances and the second time instances can be e.g. {1 / 16, 1 / 8, 1 / 4, 1 / 2, 1, 2, 2.5, 3, …. } . In other words, the possible value of the maximum ratio of prediction window and observation window associated with the model can be e.g. {1 / 16, 1 / 8, 1 / 4, 1 / 2, 1, 2, 2.5, 3, …. } .
[0358] The second capability information is suitable for the temporal domain DL TX beam prediction which is also referred to as BM-Case 2. The second capability information considers the UE memory and processing capability, so the maximum observation and prediction window needs to be considered as part of the capability:
[0359] In some implementations, other capabilities of the UE can be reported to the network. Other capabilities are normally suitable for the BM-Case 1 and BM-Case 2.
[0360] The first set of beams or the second set of beams can be governed by the current beam management capability as follow: csi-ReportFramework which indicates the reporting capabilities of the reporting related to the DL beam management the csi-ReportFramework should be used for also reporting both measured and predicted L1 RSRP measurement. beamManagementSSB-CSI-RS indicates the supported max number of SSB / CSI-RS resources that can be supported for beam management across all CCs
[0361] Upon receiving these capabilities for the feature group BM-Case 1 and BM-Case 2 in the capability signaling which is step 740 and / or step 750 shown in FIG. 7, the network can configure the first configuration in step 710, for example, the CSI-ReportConfig and / or set (s) of inference related parameters.
[0362] In other words, once the UE capabilities related to BM-Case 1 and BM-Case 2 are known by the network, the network can use the UE’s capabilities to restrict the applicable functionalities that the UE can report.
[0363] Referring to FIG. 8, FIG. 8 is another schematic flowchart of a method for beam management according to an implementation of this application. The method may be performed by a network and a UE, or performed by a chip, a circuit, or a processing system configured in the network and the UE. The method applies the network and the UE as an example of conducting entities.
[0364] In some implementations, the network may be a base station or other network mentioned above. The type of the UE isn’ t limited in present application. The UE may be an ED mentioned above.
[0365] At step 810, the network transmits, and accordingly, the UE receives a second configuration. The second configuration indicates conditions of the network.
[0366] For example, the network side additional condition may include beam shaping, radio frequency (RF) settings which is not known to the UE.
[0367] In some implementations, the second configuration may include a first associated ID corresponding to the conditions of the network.
[0368] In some implementations, the second configuration does not include the first associated ID corresponding to the conditions of the network.
[0369] At step 820, the UE transmits, and accordingly, the network receives a second report. The second report indicates applicable functionality associated with a first set of beams and a second set of beams related to a model for beam management in the UE. The first set of beams is used as an input for training the model and the second set of beams is used as an output for training the model.
[0370] In other words, if the network just transmits the network condition to the UE, the UE may report applicable functionality about beams corresponding to the model so that the network may transmit proper configurations about the applicable functionality.
[0371] In some implementations, the second report comprises seventh indicating information that comprises characteristics of the first set of beams and a relationship between the second set of beams and the first set of beams.
[0372] For example, a relationship between the second of beams and the first set of beams may include one or more of the following relationships: the second set of beams may be the same as the first set of beams; the first set of beams may be a subset of the second set of beams; the first set of beams may be different from the second set of beams; the ratio of the second set of beams and the first set of beams; or the size of the second set of beams.
[0373] It should be noted that the relationship between the second set of beams and the first set of beams corresponds to an associated ID. The associated ID may be included in the second configuration.
[0374] For example, the characteristics of the first set of beams may include that one of the first set of beams is a fix beam used for training the model. The characteristics of the first set of beams can be characteristics of anyone beam of the first set of beams.
[0375] In some implementations, the second configuration further indicates third time instances when the second set of beams will be predicted and fourth time instances when the first set of beams has been measured.
[0376] The third time instances when the second set of beams will be predicted can also be referred to as a prediction window of the model. And the fourth time instances when the first set of beams has been measured can also be referred to as an observation window of the model.
[0377] In the case of aperiodic and semi-persistent reporting, the network may further signal the observation window and the prediction window to the UE.
[0378] In some implementations, the second report further indicates fifth time instances when the second set of beams will be predicted and sixth time instances when the first set of beams has been measured.
[0379] The fifth time instances when the second set of beams will be predicted can also be referred to as a prediction window of the model. And the sixth time instances when the first set of beams has been measured can also be referred to as an observation window of the model.
[0380] In some implementations, the fifth time instances and the sixth time instances may be associated with an associated ID corresponding to the trained model.
[0381] In the case of periodic reporting, the UE may report the observation and the prediction window corresponding to the trained model to the network.
[0382] In a possible implementation, the second report further includes an indication that indicates whether sliding window or no sliding window is applied to the trained model.
[0383] Optionally, if the second configuration does not include the first associated ID corresponding to the condition of the network, the second report comprises a second associated ID associated with the applicable functionality.
[0384] Optionally, the network transmits, and accordingly, the UE receives, one or more third parameters that indicate a restriction to information indicated in the second report.
[0385] The restriction to information indicated in the second report may include one or more of the following restrictions: a restriction to the relationship between the first set of beams and the second set of beams; a restriction to the characteristic of the first set of beams; or a restriction to the fifth time instances and the sixth time instances.
[0386] For example, the restriction to the relationship between the first set of beams and the second set of beams can be one of the above relationships mentions at the step. For example, the first set of beams is the same as the second set of beams.
[0387] For example, restriction to the characteristic of the first set of beams can be a certain characteristic of the first set of beams. For example, the first set of beams are only fix beam used in the trained model.
[0388] For example, the restriction to the fifth time instances and the sixth time instances may be a different but certain value of the prediction window and the observation window.
[0389] It should be noted that the above are examples of the restrictions. The implementations of this application does not limit these.
[0390] Optionally, at step 840, the UE transmits, and accordingly, the network receives assistance information.
[0391] In some implementations, the assistance information indicates initial key performance indicator (KPI) corresponding to the applicable functionality.
[0392] The step 840 is similar to the step 730. More details can refer to the step 730.
[0393] Optionally, before step 810, at step 850, the UE transmits, and accordingly, the network receives first capability information that indicates a maximum number of a second set of beams and a maximum ratio of the first set of beams and the second set of beams.
[0394] The step 850 is similar to the step 740. More details can refer to the step 740.
[0395] Optionally, before step 810, at step 860, the UE transmits, and accordingly, the network receives second capability information that indicates a maximum value of first time instances when the second set of beams will be predicted and a maximum ratio of the first time instances and second time instances when the first set of beams has been measured.
[0396] The step 860 is similar to the step 750. More details can refer to the step 750.
[0397] The method for beam management proposed in the implementations of the present application is described in detail above, and an apparatus for beam management provided by the present application will be described below.
[0398] FIG. 9 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus 1000 according to some implementations of the present application. The apparatus may be a communication device or an apparatus implemented in a communication device and capable of realizing corresponding functions of any one of the implementations of the present application. For example, the apparatus implemented in a communication device may be an integrated circuit, which in some contexts may be known by other colloquial names, such as chip, modem, modem chip, baseband chip, or baseband processor. In some implementations, one or more integrated circuits can be packaged into a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module. The apparatus may include one or more integrated circuits or include one or more integrated circuits and other discrete components. The communication device may be a signal transmitter, a signal receiver, or an apparatus implemented in any one of these communication devices.
[0399] The apparatus 1000 includes a communication module 1200. The communication module 1200 is configured to implement a transmitting action and / or a receiving action. The communication module 1200 also may be called as transceiver module, a transceiver, or a transceiver device, or the like, and is configured to implement operations of receiving (which may be referred to as inputting) and / or transmitting (which may be referred to as outputting) .
[0400] The apparatus 1000 may further include a processing module 1100. The processing module 1100 may be a processor, a processing circuit, a processing board, a processing unit, or a processing device, or the like. The processing module 1100 is configured to implement processing and / or operations implemented inside the communication apparatus except transmitting actions and / or receiving actions.
[0401] For example, if the apparatus 1000 corresponds to the UE in FIG. 7, the communication module 120 is configured to receive a first configuration. The first configuration indicates a first set of beams and a second set of beams associated with a model for beam management. The first set of beams is used as an input for training the model and the second set of beams is used as an output for training the model. The communication module 120 is further configured to transmit a firs report. The first report indicates applicable functionality associated with the first set of beams and the second set of beams.
[0402] For example, if the apparatus 1000 corresponds to the network in FIG. 7, the communication module 1200 is configured to transmit a first configuration. The first configuration indicates a first set of beams and a second set of beams associated with a model for beam management. The first set of beams is used as an input for training the model and the second set of beams is used as an output for training the model. The communication module 1200 is further configured to receive a first report. The first report indicates applicable functionality associated with the first set of beams and the second set of beams.
[0403] For example, if the apparatus 1000 corresponds to the UE in FIG. 8, the communication module 120 is configured to receive a second configuration. The second configuration indicates conditions of the network. The communication module 1200 is further configured to transmit a second report. The second report indicates applicable functionality associated with a first set of beams and a second set of beams related to a model for beam management in the UE. The first set of beams is used as an input for training the model and the second set of beams is used as an output for training the model.
[0404] For example, if the apparatus 1000 corresponds to the network in FIG. 8, the communication module 1200 is configured to transmit a second configuration. The second configuration indicates conditions of the network. The communication module 1200 is further configured to receive a second report. The second report indicates applicable functionality associated with a first set of beams and a second set of beams related to a model for beam management in the UE. The first set of beams is used as an input for training the model and the second set of beams is used as an output for training the model.
[0405] Briefly, the operations and / or functions of the apparatus 1000 are intended to implement corresponding steps of the foregoing method implementations.
[0406] FIG. 10 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus according to some implementations of the present application. The apparatus 2000 includes at least one communication interface 2300, and the at least one communication interface 2300 is configured to input and / or output information or data. Optionally, the apparatus 2000 may further include at least one processor 2100. The at least one processor 2100 is coupled to at least one memory 2200. The at least one memory 2200 is configured to store one or more instructions and / or executable computer code. The at least one processor 2100 is configured to invoke the one or more instructions and / or executable computer code, so that the communication apparatus 2000 implements the method provided in the implementations of the present application. Optionally, the apparatus 2000 may further include the at least one memory 2200.
[0407] In an implementation, the apparatus 2000 may be any one of the communication devices in the method implementations. For example, the communication apparatus 2000 may be the UE or the network (for example, a base station) . In this implementation, the processor 2100 may be a baseband apparatus, and the communication interface 2300 may be a radio frequency apparatus.
[0408] In another implementation, the apparatus 2000 may be implemented in a communication device such as the UE or the network (for example, a base station) . In this case, the apparatus may be an integrated circuit, which in some contexts may be known by other colloquial names, such as chip, modem, modem chip, baseband chip, or baseband processor. In some implementations, one or more integrated circuits can be packaged into a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module. The apparatus may include one or more integrated circuits or include one or more integrated circuits and other discrete components. In this implementation, the processor 2100 may be a logical module or circuit that is part of the integrated circuit. The communication interface 2300 may be a transceiver, an interface circuit, an input / output interface, a bus, a module, a pin, or other types of interfaces.
[0409] An implementation of the present application further provides a system for beam management. The system may include the UE and the network introduced in the above implementations. For example, as shown in FIG. 7 or FIG. 8, the communication system may include a UE and a network (for example, a base station) .
[0410] An implementation of the present application further provides a computer storage medium, and the computer storage medium may store one or more instructions for executing any of the foregoing methods.
[0411] An implementation of the present application further provides a computer program product, and the computer program product may store one or more instructions for executing any of the foregoing methods.
[0412] In the implementations of this application, “and / or” describes an association relationship between associated objects and represents that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may represent the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists. The character “ / ” generally indicates an “or” relationship between the associated objects. “At least one” means one or more. “At least one of A and B” , similar to “A and / or B” , describes an association relationship between associated objects and represents that three relationships may exist. For example, at least one of A and B may represent the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists.
[0413] Besides, the use of a singular form of “a” , “an” and “the” in the implementations of the present application and the claims appended hereto is also intended to include a plural form, unless otherwise clearly indicated herein by context. The terms "a" or "an" are defined to mean "at least one" , that is, these terms do not exclude a plural number of items, unless stated otherwise.
[0414] In the present disclosure, terms such as "substantially" , "generally" and "about" , which modify a value, condition or characteristic of a feature of an example implementation, should be understood to mean that the value, condition or characteristic is defined within tolerances that are acceptable for the proper operation of the example implementation for its intended application.
[0415] In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the terms "connected" and "coupled" , and derivatives and variants thereof, refer herein to any structural or functional connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements. For example, the connection or coupling between the elements can be acoustical, mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, logical, or any combinations thereof.
[0416] In the present disclosure, expressions such as "match" , "matching" and "matched" , including variants and derivatives thereof, are intended to refer herein to a condition in which two or more elements are either the same or within some predetermined tolerance of each other. That is, these terms are meant to encompass not only "exactly" or "identically" matching the two elements but also "substantially" , "approximately" or "subjectively" matching the two or more elements, as well as providing a higher or best match among a plurality of matching possibilities.
[0417] In the present disclosure, the expression "based on" is intended to mean "based at least partially on" , that is, this expression can mean "based solely on" or "based partially on" , and so should not be interpreted in a limited manner. More particularly, the expression "based on" could also be understood as meaning "depending on" , "representative of" , "indicative of" , "associated with" or similar expressions.
[0418] In the present disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably in different implementations of this application. "At least one" means one or more, and "a plurality of" means two or more. The term "and / or" describes an association relationship of associated objects, and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists, where A and B may be singular or plural. The character " / " indicates an "or" relationship between associated objects. "At least one of the following items (pieces) " or a similar expression thereof indicates any combination of these items, including a single item (piece) or any combination of a plurality of items (pieces) . For example, "at least one of A, B, or C" includes: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C, and "at least one of A, B, and C" may also be understood as including: only A;only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C. In addition, unless otherwise specified, ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" in implementations of this application are used to distinguish between a plurality of objects, and are not used to limit a sequence, a time sequence, priorities, or importance of the plurality of objects.
[0419] A person skilled in the art should understand that implementations of this application may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only implementation, a software-only implementation, or an implementation with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0420] This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, the device (system) , and the computer program product according to this application. It should be understood that computer program instructions may be used to implement each process and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams and a combination of a process and / or a block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of another programmable data processing device and enable a machine to execute the instructions. When executed by any computer or the processor of a programmable data processing device, the instructions cause the apparatus to implement specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that can indicate a computer or another programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implements a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0421] The computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or another programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or the another programmable device, so that computer-implemented processing is generated. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or on another programmable device provide steps for implementing specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0422] It is clear that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of this disclosure. This disclosure is intended to cover these modifications and variations of this application provided that they fall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims and their equivalent technologies.
[0423] A person of ordinary skill in the art will be aware that, in combination with the examples described in the implementations disclosed in this specification, units and algorithm steps may be implemented by using electronic hardware or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether the functions are performed by using hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraint conditions of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for each particular application, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the scope of this application.
[0424] It would be understood by a person skilled in the art that, for the purpose of convenience and brevity, in a detailed working process of the foregoing system, apparatus, and unit, reference may be made to a corresponding process in the foregoing method implementations, and details are not described herein again.
[0425] In the several implementations provided in this application, the disclosed system, apparatus, and method may be implemented in other manners. For example, the described apparatus implementation is merely an example. For example, the unit division is a logical function division and other methods of division may be used in an actual implementation. For example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not performed. In addition, the displayed or discussed mutual couplings or direct couplings or communication connections may be implemented using various communication interfaces. The indirect couplings or communication connections between the apparatuses or units may be implemented in electronic, mechanical, or other forms.
[0426] In addition, function units in the implementations of this application may be integrated into one processing unit, each of the units may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
[0427] When the functions are implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, the functions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. The technical solutions of this application may be implemented in the form of a software product. The software product is stored in a storage medium, and includes several instructions for instructing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, a network device, or the like) to perform all or some of the steps of the methods described in the implementations of this application. The foregoing storage medium includes any medium that can store program code, such as a USB flash drive, a removable hard disk, a ROM, a RAM, a magnetic disk, an optical disc or the like.
[0428] The units described as separate parts may be or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may be or may not be physical units, may be located.
Claims
1.A method for beam management, comprising:receiving by a user equipment (UE) , a first configuration from a network, the first configuration indicates a first set of beams and a second set of beams associated with a model for beam management; wherein the first set of beams is used as an input for training the model and the second set of beams is used as an output for training the model; andtransmitting by the UE, a first report to the network, the first report indicates applicable functionality associated with the first set of beams and the second set of beams.2.The method according to claim 1, wherein the first configuration comprises one or more first parameters associated with channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) and a first set of associated identities (IDs) ;wherein the one or more first parameters associated with CSI-RS indicates the first set of beams; and the first set of associated IDs indicates one or more the second set of beams.3.The method according to claim 2, if one of the first set of associated IDs indicates the second set of beams is the same as the first set of beams, the one or more first parameter associated with CSI-RS further indicates the second set of beams.4.The method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the first report comprises first indicating information which indicates that the first set of beams is applicable and indicates at least one associated ID to be applicable in the first set of associated IDs.5.The method according to claim 1, wherein the first configuration comprises one or more first parameters associated with channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) and first information related to the second set of beams;wherein the one or more first parameters associated with CSI-RS indicates the first set of beams; and the first information comprises one or more amounts of the second set of beams, one or more relationships between the second set of beams and the first set of beams and a set of related IDs that indicates a set of orders of CSI-RS resources; one of the set of orders of the CSI-RS resources corresponds to the order of the second set of beams.6.The method according to claim 5, wherein the first report comprises second indicating information which indicates that the first set of beams is applicable, and indicates at least one amount to be applicable in the one or more amounts, at least one relationship to be applicable in the one or more relationships, and at least one related ID to be applicable in the set of related IDs.7.The method according to claim 1, wherein the first configuration comprises one or more first parameters associated with channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) and one or more second parameters associated with CSI-RS;wherein the one or more first parameters associated with CSI-RS indicates the first set of beams; and the one or more second parameters associated with CSI-RS indicates the second set of beams.8.The method according to claim 7, wherein the first report comprised third indicating information which indicates that the first set of beams and the second set of beams are applicable.9.The method according to anyone of claims 2, 3, 5 and 7, wherein the first report comprises fourth indicating information that indicates a third set of beams used by the UE; wherein the third set of beams is a subset of the first set of beams.10.The method according to claim 4 or 6, wherein the first report further comprises a configuration ID related to the first configuration, and the configuration ID indicates the first set of beams and the second set of beams are applicable.11.The method according to anyone of claims 2 to 10, wherein the first configuration further comprises first time instances when the second set of beams will be predicted.12.The method according to claim 11, wherein the first configuration further comprises second time instances when the first set of beams has been measured.13.The method according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the first report further comprises fifth indicating information that indicates whether a sliding window is used for training the model in the UE.14.The method according to claim 1, wherein the first configuration comprises a second set of associated IDs; and one of the second set of associated IDs that indicates the first set of beams and the second set of beams, and the first report comprises one or more associated IDs in the second set of associated IDs.15.The method according to claim 14, wherein the first report further comprises sixth indicating information that indicates a fourth set of beams used by the UE; wherein the fourth set of beams is a subset of the first set of beams.16.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, the method further comprising:transmitting by the UE, assistance information to the network, the assistance information that indicates initial key performance indicator (KPI) corresponding to the applicable functionality.17.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 16, before the receiving a first configuration, the method further comprising:transmitting by the UE, first capability information to the network, the first capability information that indicates a maximum number of a second set of beams and a maximum ratio of a first set of beams and the second set of beams.18.The method according to anyone of claims 1 to 17, before the receiving a first configuration, the method further comprising:transmitting by the UE, second capability information to the network, the second capability information that indicates a maximum value of first time instances when the second set of beams will be predicted and a maximum ratio of the first time instances and second time instances when the first set of beams has been measured.19.A method for beam management, comprising:transmitting by a network, a first configuration to a user equipment (UE) , the first configuration indicates a first set of beams and a second set of beams associated with a model for beam management; wherein the first set of beams is used as an input for training the model and the second set of beams is used as an output for training the model; andreceiving by the network, a first report from the UE, the first report indicates applicable functionality associated with the first set of beams and the second set of beams.20.The method according to claim 19, wherein the first configuration comprises one or more first parameters associated with channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) and a first set of associated identities (IDs) ;wherein the one or more first parameters associated with CSI-RS indicates the first set of beams; and the first set of associated IDs indicates one or more the second set of beams.21.The method according to claim 20, if one of the first set of associated IDs indicates the second set of beams is the same as the first set of beams, the one or more first parameters associated with CSI-RS further indicates the second set of beams.22.The method according to claim 20 or 21, wherein the first report comprises first indicating information which indicates that the first set of beams is applicable and indicates at least one associated ID to be applicable in the first set of associated IDs.23.The method according to claim 19, wherein the first configuration comprises one or more first parameters associated with channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) and first information related to the second set of beams;wherein the one or more first parameters associated with CSI-RS indicates the first set of beams; and the first information comprises one or more amounts of the second set of beams, one or more relationships between the second set of beams and the first set of beams and a set of related IDs that indicates a set of orders of CSI-RS resources; one of the set of orders of the CSI-RS resources corresponds to the order of the second set of beams.24.The method according to claim 23, wherein the first report comprises second indicating information which indicates that the first set of beams is applicable, and indicates at least one amount to be applicable in the one or more amounts, at least one relationship to be applicable in the one or more relationships, and at least one related ID to be applicable in the set of related IDs.25.The method according to claim 19, wherein the first configuration comprises one or more first parameters associated with channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) and one or more second parameters associated with CSI-RS;wherein the one or more first parameters associated with CSI-RS indicates the first set of beams; and the one or more second parameters associated with CSI-RS indicates the second set of beams.26.The method according to claim 25, wherein the first report comprised third indicating information which indicates that the first set of beams and the second set of beams are applicable.27.The method according to anyone of claims 20, 21, 23 and 25, wherein the first report comprises fourth indicating information that indicates a third set of beams used by the UE; wherein the third set of beams is a subset of the first set of beams.28.The method according to claim 22 or 24, wherein the first report further comprises a configuration ID related to the first configuration, and the configuration ID indicates the first set of beams and the second set of beams are applicable.29.The method according to anyone of claims 20 to 28, wherein the first configuration further comprises first time instances when the second set of beams will be predicted.30.The method according to claim 29, wherein the first configuration further comprises second time instances when the first set of beams has been measured.31.The method according to claim 29 or 30, wherein the first report further comprises fifth indicating information that indicates whether a sliding window is used for training the model in the UE.32.The method according to claim 19, wherein the first configuration comprises a second set of associated IDs; and one of the second set of associated IDs that indicates the first set of beams and the second set of beams, and the first report comprises one or more associated IDs in the second set of associated IDs.33.The method according to claim 32, wherein the first report further comprises sixth indicating information that indicates a fourth set of beams used by the UE; wherein the fourth set of beams is a subset of the first set of beams.34.The method according to any one of claims 19 to 33, the method further comprising:receiving by the network, assistance information from the UE, the assistance information that indicates initial key performance indicator (KPI) corresponding to the applicable functionality.35.The method according to any one of claims 19 to 34, before the transmitting a first configuration, the method further comprising:receiving by the network, first capability information from the UE, the first capability information that indicates a maximum number of a second set of beams and a maximum ratio of a first set of beams and the second set of beams.36.The method according to anyone of claims 19 to 35, before the transmitting a first configuration, the method further comprising:receiving by the network, second capability information from the UE, the second capability information that indicates a maximum value of first time instances when the second set of beams will be predicted and a maximum ratio of the first time instances and second time instances when the first set of beams has been measured.37.A method for beam management, comprising:receiving by a user equipment (UE) , a second configuration from a network, the second configuration indicates conditions of the network; andtransmitting by the UE, a second report to the network, the second report indicates applicable functionality associated with a first set of beams and a second set of beams related to a model for beam management in the UE; wherein the first set of beams is used as an input for training the model and the second set of beams is used as an output for training the model.38.The method according to claim 37, wherein the second report comprises seventh indicating information that comprises characteristics of the first set of beams and a relationship between the second set of beams and the first set of beams.39.The method according to claim 37 or 38, wherein the second configuration further indicates third time instances when the second set of beams will be predicted and fourth time instances when the first set of beams has been measured.40.The method according to claim 37 or 38, wherein the second report further indicates fifth time instances when the second set of beams will be predicted and sixth time instances when the first set of beams has been measured.41.The method according to anyone of claims 38 to 40, wherein the second configuration comprises a first associated ID corresponding to the conditions of the network.42.The method according to anyone of claims 38 to 40, wherein the second report comprises a second associated ID associated with the applicable functionality.43.The method according to anyone of claims 39 to 42, the method further comprising:receiving by the UE, one or more third parameters from the network, the one or more third parameters indicate a restriction to information indicated in the second report.44.The method according to anyone of claims 37 to 43, the method further comprising:transmitting by the UE, assistance information to the network, the assistance information that indicates initial key performance indicator (KPI) corresponding to the applicable functionality.45.The method according to anyone of claims 37 to 44, before the receiving a second configuration, the method further comprising:transmitting by the UE, first capability information to the network, the first capability information that indicates a maximum number of a second set of beams and a maximum ratio of a first set of beams and the second set of beams.46.The method according to anyone of claims 37 to 45, before the receiving a second configuration, the method further comprising:transmitting by the UE, second capability information to the network, the second capability information that indicates a maximum value of first time instances when the second set of beams will be predicted and a maximum ratio of the first time instances and second time instances when the first set of beams has been measured.47.A method for beam management, comprising:transmitting by a network, a second configuration to a user equipment (UE) , the second configuration indicates conditions of the network; andreceiving by the network, a second report from the UE, the second report indicates applicable functionality associated with a first set of beams and a second set of beams related to a model for beam management in the UE; wherein the first set of beams is used as an input for training the model and the second set of beams is used as an output for training the model.48.The method according to claim 47, wherein the second report comprises seventh indicating information that comprises characteristics of the first set of beams and a relationship between the second set of beams and the first set of beams.49.The method according to claim 47 or 48, wherein the second configuration further indicates third time instances when the second set of beams will be predicted and fourth time instances when the first set of beams has been measured.50.The method according to claim 47 or 48, wherein the second report further indicates fifth time instances when the second set of beams will be predicted and sixth time instances when the first set of beams has been measured.51.The method according to anyone of claims 48 to 50, wherein the second configuration comprises a first associated ID corresponding to the conditions of the network.52.The method according to claim 45, wherein the second report comprises a second associated ID associated with the applicable functionality.53.The method according to anyone of claims 49 to 52, the method further comprising:transmitting by the network, one or more parameters to the UE, the one or more parameters indicates a restriction to the seventh indicating information.54.The method according to anyone of claims 47 to 53, the method further comprising:receiving by the network, assistance information from the UE, the assistance information that indicates initial key performance indicator (KPI) corresponding to the applicable functionality.55.The method according to anyone of claims 47 to 54, before the transmitting a second configuration, the method further comprising:receiving by the network, first capability information from the UE, the first capability information that indicates a maximum number of a second set of beams and a maximum ratio of a first set of beams and the second set of beams.56.The method according to anyone of claims 47 to 55, before the transmitting a second configuration, the method further comprising:receiving by the network, second capability information from the UE, the second capability information that indicates a maximum value of first time instances when the second set of beams will be predicted and a maximum ratio of the first time instances and second time instances when the first set of beams has been measured.57.An apparatus for beam management, comprising: a transmitting unit and a receiving unit, configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 18 or 19 to 36 or 37 to 46 or 47 to 56.58.An apparatus for beam management, comprising:one or more processors, configured to perform a processing step according to any one of claims 1 to 18 or 19 to 36 or 37 to 46 or 47 to 56;an interface circuit, configured to perform a transmitting or receiving step according to any one of claims 1 to 18 or 19 to 36 or 37 to 46 or 47 to 56.59.The communication apparatus of claim 58, wherein the interface circuit comprises one or more transceivers.60.An apparatus for beam management comprising: one or more processors; anda memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 18 or 19 to 36 or 37 to 46 or 47 to 56.61.A system for beam management, wherein the system comprises an apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 18 and an apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 19 to 36; or the system comprises an apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 37 to 46 and an apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 47 to 56.62.A computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of 1 to 18 or 19 to 36 or 37 to 46 or 47 to 56.63.A computer program product storing instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 18 or 19 to 36 or 37 to 46 or 47 to 56.