Further details on performance monitoring metrics for AIML based beam prediction
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-07
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
Smart Images

Figure CN2025076180_13082026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
FURTHER DETAILS ON PERFORMANCE MONITORING METRICS FOR AIML BASED BEAM PREDICTIONFIELD OF TECHNOLOGY
[0001] The following relates to wireless communications, including performance monitoring techniques for temporal beam prediction.BACKGROUND
[0002] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power) . Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) . A wireless multiple-access communications system may include one or more base stations, each supporting wireless communication for communication devices, which may be known as user equipment (UE) .SUMMARY
[0003] The systems, methods, and devices of this disclosure each have several innovative aspects, no single one of which is solely responsible for the desirable attributes disclosed herein.
[0004] A method for wireless communications by a user equipment (UE) is described. The method may include receiving a set of multiple first reference signals via a first set of beams, where each first reference signal included in the set of multiple first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a set of multiple performance monitoring instances, where a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked reference signal measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals, identifying, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, where the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams, and transmitting a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, where the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates whether one or more of the predicted best beams has an associated reference signal measurement that is at least a threshold deviation from a corresponding reference signal measurement of one of the subset of the first set of beams.
[0005] A UE for wireless communications is described. The UE may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively be operable to execute the code to cause the UE to receive a set of multiple first reference signals via a first set of beams, where each first reference signal included in the set of multiple first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a set of multiple performance monitoring instances, where a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked reference signal measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals, identify, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, where the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams, and transmit a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, where the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates whether one or more of the predicted best beams has an associated reference signal measurement that is at least a threshold deviation from a corresponding reference signal measurement of one of the subset of the first set of beams.
[0006] Another UE for wireless communications is described. The UE may include means for receiving a set of multiple first reference signals via a first set of beams, where each first reference signal included in the set of multiple first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a set of multiple performance monitoring instances, where a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked reference signal measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals, means for identifying, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, where the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams, and means for transmitting a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, where the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates whether one or more of the predicted best beams has an associated reference signal measurement that is at least a threshold deviation from a corresponding reference signal measurement of one of the subset of the first set of beams.
[0007] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications is described. The code may include instructions executable by one or more processors to receive a set of multiple first reference signals via a first set of beams, where each first reference signal included in the set of multiple first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a set of multiple performance monitoring instances, where a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked reference signal measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals, identify, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, where the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams, and transmit a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, where the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates whether one or more of the predicted best beams has an associated reference signal measurement that is at least a threshold deviation from a corresponding reference signal measurement of one of the subset of the first set of beams.
[0008] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first performance monitoring metric indicates whether a reference signal measurement associated with a beam of the one or more predicted best beams that have a predicted highest signal quality is at least the threshold deviation from a highest reference signal measurement of the first reference signal measurements.
[0009] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first performance monitoring metric indicates whether a reference signal measurement associated with a beam of the one or more predicted best beams that have a predicted highest signal quality is at least the threshold deviation from an n’ th ranked reference signal measurement of the set of ranked reference signal measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals.
[0010] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first performance monitoring metric indicates whether a reference signal measurement associated with a beam of the one or more predicted best beams that have a predicted highest signal quality is at least the threshold deviation from a worst signal quality measurement of the subset of the first set of beams.
[0011] Some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving configuration information that indicates a value of the threshold deviation.
[0012] Some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting a capability indication that indicates a quantity of the one or more predicted best beams that can be predicted at the UE, and that indicates a quantity of beams of the subset of the first set of beams that are supported at the UE.
[0013] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first performance monitoring metric indicates a quantity of the set of multiple performance monitoring instances in which one or more of the predicted best beams have the associated reference signal measurement that is at least the threshold deviation from the corresponding reference signal measurement of one of the subset of the first set of beams.
[0014] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first performance monitoring metric indicates a ratio of a first quantity of performance monitoring instances in which one or more of the predicted best beams have the associated reference signal measurement that is at least the threshold deviation from the corresponding reference signal measurement of one of the subset of the first set of beams and a second quantity that corresponds to a quantity of the set of multiple performance monitoring instances.
[0015] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first performance monitoring metric indicates a ratio of a first quantity of performance monitoring instances in which one or more of the predicted best beams have the associated reference signal measurement that at least the threshold deviation from the corresponding reference signal measurement of one of the subset of the first set of beams and a second quantity that corresponds to a quantity of eligible monitoring instances of the set of multiple performance monitoring instances, and where an eligible monitoring instance corresponds to a monitoring instance in which all the one or more predicted best beams are present within the first set of beams.
[0016] A method for wireless communications by a UE is described. The method may include receiving a set of multiple first reference signals via a first set of beams, where each first reference signal included in the set of multiple first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a set of multiple performance monitoring instances, where a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals, identifying, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, where the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams, and transmitting a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, where the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates whether at least a first beam of the subset of the first set of beams is among the one or more predicted best beams and has an associated measurement that is within a threshold deviation of a corresponding measurement of a highest ranked measurement of the set of ranked measurements.
[0017] A UE for wireless communications is described. The UE may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively be operable to execute the code to cause the UE to receive a set of multiple first reference signals via a first set of beams, where each first reference signal included in the set of multiple first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a set of multiple performance monitoring instances, where a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals, identify, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, where the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams, and transmit a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, where the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates whether at least a first beam of the subset of the first set of beams is among the one or more predicted best beams and has an associated measurement that is within a threshold deviation of a corresponding measurement of a highest ranked measurement of the set of ranked measurements.
[0018] Another UE for wireless communications is described. The UE may include means for receiving a set of multiple first reference signals via a first set of beams, where each first reference signal included in the set of multiple first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a set of multiple performance monitoring instances, where a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals, means for identifying, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, where the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams, and means for transmitting a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, where the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates whether at least a first beam of the subset of the first set of beams is among the one or more predicted best beams and has an associated measurement that is within a threshold deviation of a corresponding measurement of a highest ranked measurement of the set of ranked measurements.
[0019] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications is described. The code may include instructions executable by one or more processors to receive a set of multiple first reference signals via a first set of beams, where each first reference signal included in the set of multiple first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a set of multiple performance monitoring instances, where a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals, identify, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, where the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams, and transmit a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, where the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates whether at least a first beam of the subset of the first set of beams is among the one or more predicted best beams and has an associated measurement that is within a threshold deviation of a corresponding measurement of a highest ranked measurement of the set of ranked measurements.
[0020] Some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving configuration information that indicates a value of the threshold deviation.
[0021] Some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting a capability indication that indicates a quantity of the one or more predicted best beams that can be predicted at the UE, and that indicates a quantity of beams of the subset of the first set of beams that are supported at the UE.
[0022] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first performance monitoring metric indicates a ratio of a first quantity of performance monitoring instances in which at least the first beam of the subset of the first set of beams is among the one or more predicted best beams and has an associated measurement that is within the threshold deviation of the corresponding measurement of the highest ranked measurement of the set of ranked measurements, and a second quantity that corresponds to a quantity of the set of multiple performance monitoring instances.
[0023] A method for wireless communications by a UE is described. The method may include receiving a set of multiple first reference signals via a first set of beams, where each first reference signal included in the set of multiple first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a set of multiple performance monitoring instances, where a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked signal quality measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals, identifying, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, where the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams, and transmitting a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, where the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates a difference between a reference signal measurement of a beam of the second set of beams that has a best predicted signal quality and a highest reference signal measurement of the set of ranked signal quality measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals.
[0024] A UE for wireless communications is described. The UE may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively be operable to execute the code to cause the UE to receive a set of multiple first reference signals via a first set of beams, where each first reference signal included in the set of multiple first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a set of multiple performance monitoring instances, where a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked signal quality measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals, identify, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, where the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams, and transmit a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, where the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates a difference between a reference signal measurement of a beam of the second set of beams that has a best predicted signal quality and a highest reference signal measurement of the set of ranked signal quality measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals.
[0025] Another UE for wireless communications is described. The UE may include means for receiving a set of multiple first reference signals via a first set of beams, where each first reference signal included in the set of multiple first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a set of multiple performance monitoring instances, where a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked signal quality measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals, means for identifying, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, where the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams, and means for transmitting a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, where the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates a difference between a reference signal measurement of a beam of the second set of beams that has a best predicted signal quality and a highest reference signal measurement of the set of ranked signal quality measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals.
[0026] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications is described. The code may include instructions executable by one or more processors to receive a set of multiple first reference signals via a first set of beams, where each first reference signal included in the set of multiple first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a set of multiple performance monitoring instances, where a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked signal quality measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals, identify, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, where the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams, and transmit a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, where the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates a difference between a reference signal measurement of a beam of the second set of beams that has a best predicted signal quality and a highest reference signal measurement of the set of ranked signal quality measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals.
[0027] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the performance monitoring report provides the first performance monitoring metric for each of the set of multiple performance monitoring instances.
[0028] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, performance monitoring report includes one or more statistics associated with a set of multiple differences for at least a subset of the set of multiple performance monitoring instances.
[0029] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first performance monitoring metric is not computed for a performance monitoring instance when none of the one or more predicted best beams from among the second set of beams is included in a set of measured beams of the performance monitoring instance.
[0030] A method for wireless communications by a UE is described. The method may include receiving a set of multiple first reference signals via a first set of beams, where each first reference signal included in the set of multiple first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a set of multiple performance monitoring instances, where a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked reference signal measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals, identifying, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, where the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams, and transmitting a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, where the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates a difference between the reference signal measurement of one or more beams of the subset of the first set of beams and a corresponding predicted reference signal measurement of the one or more beams of the subset of the first set of beams.
[0031] A UE for wireless communications is described. The UE may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively be operable to execute the code to cause the UE to receive a set of multiple first reference signals via a first set of beams, where each first reference signal included in the set of multiple first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a set of multiple performance monitoring instances, where a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked reference signal measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals, identify, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, where the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams, and transmit a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, where the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates a difference between the reference signal measurement of one or more beams of the subset of the first set of beams and a corresponding predicted reference signal measurement of the one or more beams of the subset of the first set of beams.
[0032] Another UE for wireless communications is described. The UE may include means for receiving a set of multiple first reference signals via a first set of beams, where each first reference signal included in the set of multiple first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a set of multiple performance monitoring instances, where a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked reference signal measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals, means for identifying, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, where the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams, and means for transmitting a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, where the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates a difference between the reference signal measurement of one or more beams of the subset of the first set of beams and a corresponding predicted reference signal measurement of the one or more beams of the subset of the first set of beams.
[0033] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications is described. The code may include instructions executable by one or more processors to receive a set of multiple first reference signals via a first set of beams, where each first reference signal included in the set of multiple first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a set of multiple performance monitoring instances, where a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked reference signal measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals, identify, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, where the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams, and transmit a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, where the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates a difference between the reference signal measurement of one or more beams of the subset of the first set of beams and a corresponding predicted reference signal measurement of the one or more beams of the subset of the first set of beams.
[0034] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first performance monitoring metric indicates a difference between a highest reference signal measurement of the set of ranked reference signal measurements and a corresponding predicted reference signal measurement of the associated beam.
[0035] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first performance monitoring metric indicates an average difference between reference signal measurements of the set of ranked reference signal measurements and corresponding predicted reference signal measurements of the one or more predicted best beams predicted to have the highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams.
[0036] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the performance monitoring report provides the first performance monitoring metric for each of the set of multiple performance monitoring instances, and includes one or more statistics associated with a set of multiple differences for at least a subset of the set of multiple performance monitoring instances.
[0037] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the first performance monitoring metric is not computed for a performance monitoring instance when none of the one or more predicted best beams from among the second set of beams is included in a set of measured beams of the performance monitoring instance.
[0038] Details of one or more implementations of the subject matter described in this disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, aspects, and advantages will become apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims. Note that the relative dimensions of the following figures may not be drawn to scale.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0039] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports performance monitoring techniques for temporal beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0040] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports performance monitoring techniques for temporal beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0041] FIG. 3 shows an example of a beam prediction diagram that supports performance monitoring techniques for temporal beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0042] FIG. 4 shows an example of a process flow that supports performance monitoring techniques for temporal beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0043] FIGs. 5 and 6 show block diagrams of devices that support performance monitoring techniques for temporal beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0044] FIG. 7 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports performance monitoring techniques for temporal beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0045] FIG. 8 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports performance monitoring techniques for temporal beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0046] FIGs. 9 through 12 show flowcharts illustrating methods that support performance monitoring techniques for temporal beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0047] Some wireless communications systems may support user equipment (UE) -assisted performance monitoring. In such cases, a network entity may transmit, to a UE for a single performance monitoring instance, multiple first reference signals via a first set of beams (e.g., Set B beams) . The UE may measure the first set of beams to generate a first set of actual measurements associated with the first set of beams and may input the first set of actual measurements into an artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) model to generate a set of predicted measurements associated with a second set of beams (e.g., Set A beams) . The UE may then identify one or more predicted best beams (e.g., Top-K or Top-1 predicted best beams) from the set of second beams based on the set of predicted measurements (e.g., beams associated with a highest signal quality) . Additionally, the UE may receive, from the network entity for the single performance monitoring instance, multiple second reference signals via the second set of beams (e.g., Set A beams) and may measure the second set of beams to generate a second set of actual measurements associated with the second set of beams. Thus, the UE may compare one or more predicted measurements (e.g., from the set of predicted measurements) associated with the one or more predicted best beams from the second set of beams to one or more actual measurements (e.g., from the second set of actual measurements) associated with one or more actual best beams from the second set of beams and, in some cases, may report an indication of the comparison.
[0048] In some cases, the resource set (s) for monitoring can be configured for full set of Set A, or a subset of Set A (or different from Set A) , and a beam accuracy indicator (BAI) may be denoted as Np, where N is the number of performance monitoring instance (s) (e.g., N = [1, 4, 8 16, 32, …. ] ) configured by the network entity, such as in a configuration for prediction monitoring. The size of a field in a measurement report (e.g., a channel state information (CSI) field) associated with the BAI may be In some cases, Np may be a quantity of the reported inference result (s) linked with performance monitoring instance (s) for which one or more of the following statements apply: at least one of the Top-M beam (s) with largest measured value (s) (e.g., L1-RSRP (s) ) of the resource set (s) for monitoring are among Top-K predicted beams (K > M) ; or one or more of the Top-K predicted beams are among the Top-M beam (s) (K ≤ M) with largest M measured value (s) (e.g., the M largest L1-RSRP (s) ) of the resource set (s) for monitoring. In each case, the values of K and M may be configured (e.g., in radio resource control (RRC) signaling) , such as based on a capability of the UE (e.g., K= 1, [2, 4, 5] , M=1, [2, 4] , where K>M) . A value of Np may thus provide an indication of model performance of an AI or ML model. However, in some cases, a comparison of beams with actual highest measured values against beams that are predicted to have the highest measured values may result in a monitoring instance which is not counted in Np, but the beams predicted to have the highest values may be relatively close to one or more other beams that had higher actual measured values. Thus, the AI or ML model in such cases may have acceptable performance, which may not be reflected in the BAI.
[0049] In accordance with various aspects, the first set of actual measurements input into the AI or ML model may be used to generate a respective set of predicted measurements associated with the second set of beams for one or more performance monitoring instances. The UE may be configured to monitor one or more reference signals transmitted in the one or more performance monitoring instances, and report one or more performance monitoring metrics for one or more performance monitoring instances. For example, the UE may receive, for each performance monitoring instance, one or more reference signals via a first set of beams (e.g., Set B) and may identify, for each performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from a second set of beams (e.g., Set A) . In such cases, the one or more predicted best beams may be predicted to have highest signal qualities (e.g., layer 1 reference signal received power (L1-RSRP) ) out of the second set of beams. The UE may additionally receive, in one or more performance monitoring instances, multiple second reference signals via at least a subset of the second set of beams. The UE may measure the second reference signals, and may transmit a performance monitoring report associated with the one or more performance monitoring instances. In some aspects, the performance monitoring report may include at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates whether one or more of the predicted best beams has an associated reference signal measurement that is at least a threshold deviation from a corresponding reference signal measurement of one or more beams of the subset of the second set of beams.
[0050] In some aspects, the first performance monitoring metric may indicate that a most favorable reference signal measurement (e.g., a highest measured L1-RSRP) of those beams in Top-K predicted beams that have an associated beam in the subset of the second set of beams are within a threshold deviation (e.g., no worse than X dB) of a most favorable reference signal measurement (e.g., largest L1-RSRP) of the Top-M measured beams. In other aspects, the first performance monitoring metric may indicate that a most favorable reference signal measurement (e.g., a highest measured L1-RSRP) of those beams in Top-K predicted beams that have an associated beam in the subset of the second set of beams are within a threshold deviation (e.g., no worse than X dB) of an n’th most favorable reference signal measurement of a set of ranked reference signal measurements (e.g., L1-RSRP) of the Top-M measured beams. In other aspects, the first performance monitoring metric may indicate that a most favorable reference signal measurement (e.g., a highest measured L1-RSRP) of those beams in Top-K predicted beams that have an associated beam in the subset of the second set of beams are within a threshold deviation (e.g., no worse than X dB) of a least favorable reference signal measurement (e.g., a lowest L1-RSRP) of the Top-M measured beams.
[0051] In some other aspects, the first performance monitoring metric may indicate that at least one of the Top-M measured beams with corresponding most favorable reference signal measurement (s) (e.g., largest measured value (s) of L1-RSRP (s) ) is among the Top-K predicted beams, and the reference signal measurement (s) of the at least one of the Top-M measured beams is within a threshold deviation (e.g., X dB of the L1-RSRP) of the Top-1 beam of the measured subset of beams. In some other aspects, the first performance monitoring metric may indicate a difference in a reference signal measurement (e.g., a L1-RSRP difference) between a Top-1 predicted beam included in the measured beams and most favorable reference signal measurement (e.g., a highest measured L1-RSRP) of the Top-K predicted beams that are included in the measured beams. In some other aspects, the first performance monitoring metric may indicate a difference between a reference signal measurement (e.g., measured L1-RSRP) and an associated predicted measurement (e.g., a predicted L1-RSRP) from the Top-K predicted beams that are included in the measured beams that has the highest reference signal measurement (e.g., measured L1-RSRP) . In some further aspects, the first performance monitoring metric may indicate an average of the absolute value of the differences between reference signal measurements (e.g., measured L1-RSRP) and predicted values (e.g., predicted L1-RSRP) for the beams from Top-K predicted beams that are included in the measured beams.
[0052] Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communications systems. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to a beam prediction diagram, a process flow, apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to performance monitoring techniques for temporal beam prediction.
[0053] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports performance monitoring techniques for temporal beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more devices, such as one or more network devices (e.g., network entities 105) , one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating in accordance with other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0054] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communications system 100 and may include devices in different forms or having different capabilities. In various examples, a network entity 105 may be referred to as a network element, a mobility element, a radio access network (RAN) node, or network equipment, among other nomenclature. In some examples, network entities 105 and UEs 115 may wirelessly communicate via communication link (s) 125 (e.g., a radio frequency (RF) access link) . For example, a network entity 105 may support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographic coverage area) over which the UEs 115 and the network entity 105 may establish the communication link (s) 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area over which a network entity 105 and a UE 115 may support the communication of signals according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs) .
[0055] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout a coverage area 110 of the wireless communications system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary, or mobile, or both at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. 1. The UEs 115 described herein may be capable of supporting communications with various types of devices in the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., other wireless communication devices, including UEs 115 or network entities 105) , as shown in FIG. 1.
[0056] As described herein, a node of the wireless communications system 100, which may be referred to as a network node, or a wireless node, may be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein) , a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein) , a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a node may be a UE 115. As another example, a node may be a network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a network entity 105. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third nodes may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, reference to a UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like may include disclosure of the UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like being a node. For example, disclosure that a UE 115 is configured to receive information from a network entity 105 also discloses that a first node is configured to receive information from a second node.
[0057] In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with a core network 130, or with one another, or both. For example, network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130 via backhaul communication link (s) 120 (e.g., in accordance with an S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocol) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via backhaul communication link (s) 120 (e.g., in accordance with an X2, Xn, or other interface protocol) either directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 130) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., in accordance with a midhaul interface protocol) or a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., in accordance with a fronthaul interface protocol) , or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication link (s) 120, midhaul communication links 162, or fronthaul communication links 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., an electrical link, an optical fiber link) or one or more wireless links (e.g., a radio link, a wireless optical link) , among other examples or various combinations thereof. A UE 115 may communicate with the core network 130 via a communication link 155.
[0058] One or more of the network entities 105 or network equipment described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an NR base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB or giga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB) , a 5G NB, a next-generation eNB (ng-eNB) , a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or other suitable terminology) . In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, standalone) base station architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within one network entity (e.g., a network entity 105 or a single RAN node, such as a base station 140) .
[0059] In some examples, a network entity 105 may be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture) , which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among multiple network entities (e.g., network entities 105) , such as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 105 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , such as a CU 160, a distributed unit (DU) , such as a DU 165, a radio unit (RU) , such as an RU 170, a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) , such as an RIC 175 (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, such as an SMO system 180, or any combination thereof. An RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 105 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some examples, one or more of the network entities 105 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0060] The split of functionality between a CU 160, a DU 165, and an RU 170 is flexible and may support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, or any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU 160 and a DU 165 such that the CU 160 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU 165 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some examples, the CU 160 may host upper protocol layer (e.g., layer 3 (L3) , layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU 160 (e.g., one or more CUs) may be connected to a DU 165 (e.g., one or more DUs) or an RU 170 (e.g., one or more RUs) , or some combination thereof, and the DUs 165, RUs 170, or both may host lower protocol layers, such as layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU 165 and an RU 170 such that the DU 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or multiple different RUs, such as an RU 170) . In some cases, a functional split between a CU 160 and a DU 165 or between a DU 165 and an RU 170 may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU 160, the DU 165, or the RU 170) . A CU 160 may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU 160 may be connected to a DU 165 via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU 165 may be connected to an RU 170 via a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some examples, a midhaul communication link 162 or a fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities (e.g., one or more of the network entities 105) that are in communication via such communication links.
[0061] In some wireless communications systems (e.g., the wireless communications system 100) , infrastructure and spectral resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to a core network 130) . In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more of the network entities 105 (e.g., network entities 105 or IAB node (s) 104) may be partially controlled by each other. The IAB node (s) 104 may be referred to as a donor entity or an IAB donor. A DU 165 or an RU 170 may be partially controlled by a CU 160 associated with a network entity 105 or base station 140 (such as a donor network entity or a donor base station) . The one or more donor entities (e.g., IAB donors) may be in communication with one or more additional devices (e.g., IAB node (s) 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication link (s) 120) . IAB node (s) 104 may include an IAB mobile termination (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) of a coupled IAB donor. An IAB-MT may be equipped with an independent set of antennas for relay of communications with UEs 115 or may share the same antennas (e.g., of an RU 170) of IAB node (s) 104 used for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node (s) 104 (e.g., referred to as virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT) ) . In some examples, the IAB node (s) 104 may include one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) that support communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB node (s) 104, UEs 115) within the relay chain or configuration of the access network (e.g., downstream) . In such cases, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., the IAB node (s) 104 or components of the IAB node (s) 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.
[0062] In the case of the techniques described herein applied in the context of a disaggregated RAN architecture, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured to support performance monitoring metrics for temporal beam prediction with multiple performance monitoring instances as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by a UE 115 or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may additionally, or alternatively, be performed by one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., components such as an IAB node, a DU 165, a CU 160, an RU 170, an RIC 175, an SMO system 180) .
[0063] A UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where the “device” may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. A UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, a UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communications (MTC) device, among other examples, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances, vehicles, or meters, among other examples.
[0064] The UEs 115 described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as UEs 115 that may sometimes operate as relays, as well as the network entities 105 and the network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, among other examples, as shown in FIG. 1.
[0065] The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may wirelessly communicate with one another via the communication link (s) 125 (e.g., one or more access links) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term “carrier” may refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a defined PHY layer structure for supporting the communication link (s) 125. For example, a carrier used for the communication link (s) 125 may include a portion of an RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP) ) that is operated according to one or more PHY layer channels for a given RAT (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR) . Each PHY layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information) , control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communications system 100 may support communication with a UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. A UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used with both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD) component carriers. Communication between a network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between the devices and any portion (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of a network entity 105. For example, the terms “transmitting, ” “receiving, ” or “communicating, ” when referring to a network entity 105, may refer to any portion of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a CU 160, a DU 165, a RU 170) of a RAN communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities, such as one or more of the network entities 105) .
[0066] Signal waveforms transmitted via a carrier may be made up of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) ) . In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may refer to resources of one symbol period (e.g., a duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The quantity of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both) , such that a relatively higher quantity of resource elements (e.g., in a transmission duration) and a relatively higher order of a modulation scheme may correspond to a relatively higher rate of communication. A wireless communications resource may refer to a combination of an RF spectrum resource, a time resource, and a spatial resource (e.g., a spatial layer, a beam) , and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity for communications with a UE 115.
[0067] The time intervals for the network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit which may, for example, refer to a sampling period of Ts=1 / (Δfmax·Nf) seconds, for which Δfmax may represent a supported subcarrier spacing, and Nf may represent a supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size. Time intervals of a communications resource may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms) ) . Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023) .
[0068] Each frame may include multiple consecutively-numbered subframes or slots, and each subframe or slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a quantity of slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable quantity of slots, and the quantity of slots may depend on subcarrier spacing. Each slot may include a quantity of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period) . In some wireless communications systems, such as the wireless communications system 100, a slot may further be divided into multiple mini-slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., Nf) sampling periods. The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation.
[0069] A subframe, a slot, a mini-slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communications system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI) . In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., a quantity of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally, or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs) ) .
[0070] Physical channels may be multiplexed for communication using a carrier according to various techniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel may be multiplexed for signaling via a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more of time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET) ) for a physical control channel may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of the UEs 115. For example, one or more of the UEs 115 may monitor or search control regions for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or multiple control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. An aggregation level for a control channel candidate may refer to an amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs) ) associated with encoded information for a control information format having a given payload size. Search space sets may include common search space sets configured for sending control information to UEs 115 (e.g., one or more UEs) or may include UE-specific search space sets for sending control information to a UE 115 (e.g., a specific UE) .
[0071] In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may be movable and therefore provide communication coverage for a moving coverage area, such as the coverage area 110. In some examples, coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) associated with different technologies may overlap, but the coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) may be supported by the same network entity (e.g., a network entity 105) . In some other examples, overlapping coverage areas, such as a coverage area 110, associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities (e.g., the network entities 105) . The wireless communications system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of the network entities 105 support communications for coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) using the same or different RATs.
[0072] The wireless communications system 100 may support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) may have similar frame timings, and transmissions from different network entities (e.g., different ones of the network entities 105) may be approximately aligned in time.
[0073] The wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communications or low-latency communications, or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) . The UEs 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communications may include private communication or group communication and may be supported by one or more services such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.
[0074] In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured to support communicating directly with other UEs (e.g., one or more of the UEs 115) via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link, such as a D2D communication link 135 (e.g., in accordance with a peer-to-peer (P2P) , D2D, or sidelink protocol) . In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of a group that are performing D2D communications may be within the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) , which may support aspects of such D2D communications being configured by (e.g., scheduled by) the network entity 105. In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 or may be otherwise unable to or not configured to receive transmissions from a network entity 105. In some examples, groups of the UEs 115 communicating via D2D communications may support a one-to-many (1: M) system in which each UE 115 transmits to one or more of the UEs 115 in the group. In some examples, a network entity 105 may facilitate the scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In some other examples, D2D communications may be carried out between the UEs 115 without an involvement of a network entity 105.
[0075] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC) , which may include at least one control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) ) and at least one user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for the UEs 115 served by the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to IP services 150 for one or more network operators. The IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, Intranet (s) , an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , or a Packet-Switched Streaming Service.
[0076] The wireless communications system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands, which may be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz) . Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, which may be referred to as clusters, but the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to the UEs 115 located indoors. Communications using UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than one hundred kilometers) compared to communications using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz.
[0077] The wireless communications system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may employ License Assisted Access (LAA) , LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) RAT, or NR technology using an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. While operating using unlicensed RF spectrum bands, devices such as the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations using unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriers operating using a licensed band (e.g., LAA) . Operations using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among other examples.
[0078] A network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) or a UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of a network entity 105 or a UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, antennas or antenna arrays associated with a network entity 105 may be located at diverse geographic locations. A network entity 105 may include an antenna array with a set of rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 may use to support beamforming of communications with a UE 115. Likewise, a UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally, or alternatively, an antenna panel may support RF beamforming for a signal transmitted via an antenna port.
[0079] Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating along particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying amplitude offsets, phase offsets, or both to signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation) .
[0080] A network entity 105 or a UE 115 may use beam sweeping techniques as part of beamforming operations. For example, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to conduct beamforming operations for directional communications with a UE 115. Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted by a network entity 105 multiple times along different directions. For example, the network entity 105 may transmit a signal according to different beamforming weight sets associated with different directions of transmission. Transmissions along different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by a transmitting device, such as a network entity 105, or by a receiving device, such as a UE 115) a beam direction for later transmission or reception by the network entity 105.
[0081] Some signals, such as data signals associated with a particular receiving device, may be transmitted by a transmitting device (e.g., a network entity 105 or a UE 115) along a single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with the receiving device, such as another network entity 105 or UE 115) . In some examples, the beam direction associated with transmissions along a single beam direction may be determined based on a signal that was transmitted along one or more beam directions. For example, a UE 115 may receive one or more of the signals transmitted by the network entity 105 along different directions and may report to the network entity 105 an indication of the signal that the UE 115 received with a highest signal quality or an otherwise acceptable signal quality.
[0082] In some examples, transmissions by a device (e.g., by a network entity 105 or a UE 115) may be performed using multiple beam directions, and the device may use a combination of digital precoding or beamforming to generate a combined beam for transmission (e.g., from a network entity 105 to a UE 115) . The UE 115 may report feedback that indicates precoding weights for one or more beam directions, and the feedback may correspond to a configured set of beams across a system bandwidth or one or more sub-bands. The network entity 105 may transmit a reference signal (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) , a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) ) , which may be precoded or unprecoded. The UE 115 may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., a multi-panel type codebook, a linear combination type codebook, a port selection type codebook) . Although these techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted along one or more directions by a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) , a UE 115 may employ similar techniques for transmitting signals multiple times along different directions (e.g., for identifying a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by the UE 115) or for transmitting a signal along a single direction (e.g., for transmitting data to a receiving device) .
[0083] A receiving device (e.g., a UE 115) may perform reception operations in accordance with multiple receive configurations (e.g., directional listening) when receiving various signals from a transmitting device (e.g., a network entity 105) , such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals. For example, a receiving device may perform reception in accordance with multiple receive directions by receiving via different antenna subarrays, by processing received signals according to different antenna subarrays, by receiving according to different receive beamforming weight sets (e.g., different directional listening weight sets) applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, or by processing received signals according to different receive beamforming weight sets applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, any of which may be referred to as “listening” according to different receive configurations or receive directions. In some examples, a receiving device may use a single receive configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal) . The single receive configuration may be aligned along a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receive configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have a highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) , or otherwise acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions) .
[0084] In some cases, the wireless communications system 100 may support techniques to enable a UE 115 to report one or more performance monitoring metrics for an AI or ML model that may be used to predict one or more beams. In some cases, a first set of actual measurements of a first set of beams (e.g., Set B beams) may be used as input into an AI or ML model and used to generate a respective set of predicted measurements associated with a second set of beams (e.g., Set A beams) for one or more performance monitoring instances. In some aspects, for a UE 115 capable of performance monitoring for AI / ML models, the UE 115 may be configured to monitor one or more reference signals transmitted in one or more performance monitoring instances, and report one or more performance monitoring metrics for one or more of the performance monitoring instances. For example, the UE 115 may identify, for each performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from the second set of beams (e.g., Set A) . In such cases, the one or more predicted best beams may be predicted to have highest signal qualities (e.g., layer 1 reference signal received power (L1-RSRP) ) out of the second set of beams. The UE may additionally receive, in one or more performance monitoring instances, multiple second reference signals via at least a subset of the second set of beams, which may be referred to as a performance monitoring set. The UE may measure the second reference signals of the performance monitoring set, and may transmit a performance monitoring report associated with the one or more performance monitoring instances. In some aspects, the performance monitoring report may include at least a first performance monitoring metric that provides information related to one or more of the predicted best beams.
[0085] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communications system 200 that supports performance monitoring techniques for temporal beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some cases, the wireless communications system 200 may implement or be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100. For example, the wireless communications system 200 may include one or more UEs 115 (e.g., a UE 115-a) and one or more network entities 105 (e.g., a network entity 105-a) , which may be examples of the corresponding devices as described herein.
[0086] Some wireless communications systems, such as the wireless communications system 200, mays support performance monitoring using UE-side ML models (e.g., AI models) . In some cases, the performance monitoring may be Type 2 performance monitoring. In such cases, a UE 115 may transmit, to a network entity 105, an indication of a capability of the UE 115 to support performance monitoring using UE-side machine learning models (e.g., UE AI / ML capability) and may additionally transmit a request for the network entity 105 to transmit a set of reference signals 205 for use by the UE 115 for performance monitoring. Thus, the network entity 105 may transmit (periodically, a-periodically, or semi-persistently) the set of reference signals 205 (e.g., based on the request) , such that the UE 115 may generate (e.g., compute) one or more performance metrics (e.g., monitoring key performance indicators (KPIs) ) based on measurements of the set of reference signals, based on an output of an ML model (e.g., AI / ML interference outcome) , or both. The UE 115 may transmit, to the network entity 105, an indication of the one or more performance metrics (e.g., information about the one or more performance metrics) and, in some cases, may receive, from the network entity 105, information associated with one or more lifecycle management (LCM) operations for the ML model (e.g., UE-side AI / ML model) based on the one or more performance metrics. Thus, the UE 115 may perform the one or more LCM operations at the UE 115. For example, the UE 115 may activate a new ML model, deactivate the previous ML model, switch ML models, perform a fallback procedure, or any combination thereof. Additionally, the UE 115 may transmit, to the network entity 105, information associated with execution of the one or more LCM operations at the UE 115.
[0087] In some other cases, the performance monitoring may be Type 1 performance monitoring. In some examples, the Type 1 performance monitoring may be network-side performance monitoring. In such cases, a UE 115 may transmit, to a network entity 105, an indication of a capability of the UE 115 to support performance monitoring using UE-side machine learning models (e.g., UE AI / ML capability) and may additionally transmit a request for the network entity 105 to transmit a set of reference signals 205 for use by the UE 115 for performance monitoring. Thus, the network entity 105 may transmit (periodically, a-periodically, or semi-persistently) the set of reference signals 205 (e.g., based on the request) , such that the UE 115 may measure of the set of reference signals to generate a set of measurements (e.g., L1-RSRP) and may transmit a report (e.g., measurement report) indicating the measurements (e.g., and / or one or more reference signal indices) to the network entity 105. In such cases, the report may be configured, triggered, or both, by the network entity 105. Thus, the network entity 105 may evaluate a performance of an ML model (e.g., AI model) at the UE 115 based on the report (e.g., calculate one or more performance metrics based on the measurements) . Additionally, the network entity 105 may transmit, to the UE 115, information associated with one or more LCM operations for the ML model (e.g., UE-side AI / ML model) based on the evaluation and the UE 115 may perform the one or more LCM operations at the UE 115. For example, the UE 115 may activate a new ML model, deactivate the previous ML model, switch ML models, perform a fallback procedure, or any combination thereof. Additionally, the UE 115 may transmit, to the network entity 105, information associated with execution of the one or more LCM operations at the UE 115.
[0088] In some other examples, the Type 2 performance monitoring may be UE-assisted performance monitoring. In such cases, a UE 115 may transmit, to a network entity 105, an indication of a capability of the UE 115 to support performance monitoring using UE-side machine learning models (e.g., UE AI / ML capability) and may additionally transmit a request for the network entity 105 to transmit a set of reference signals 205 for use by the UE 115 for performance monitoring. Thus, the network entity 105 may transmit (periodically, a-periodically, or semi-persistently) the set of reference signals 205 (e.g., based on the request) , such that the UE 115 may generate (e.g., compute) one or more performance metrics (e.g., monitoring KPIs) based on measurements of the set of reference signals, based on an output of an ML model (e.g., AI / ML interference outcome) , or both, may determine an occurrence of an event (e.g., based on the one or more performance metrics) , or both. Thus, the UE 115 may transmit, to the network entity 105, a report including information associated with the one or more performance metrics, the event occurrence, or both, such that the network entity 105 may evaluate a performance of an ML model (e.g., AI model) at the UE 115 based on the report. In some cases, the UE 115 may receive information associated with one or more LCM operations for the ML model (e.g., UE-side AI / ML model) based on the evaluation. Thus, the UE 115 may perform the one or more LCM operations. For example, the UE 115 may activate a new ML model, deactivate the previous ML model, switch ML models, perform a fallback procedure, or any combination thereof. Additionally, the UE 115 may transmit, to the network entity 105, information associated with execution of the one or more LCM operations at the UE 115.
[0089] In some cases, a UE 115, such as the UE 115-a, may perform performance monitoring for beam prediction. For example, for each performance monitoring instance 225, a UE 115, such as the UE 115-a, may receive, from a network entity 105, such as the network entity 105-a, reference signals 205-a (e.g., a first set of reference signals 205) via a beam set 210-a (e.g., Set B) . In some cases, as depicted in FIG. 2, the beam set 210-a may include wide beams, or may include narrow beams. For each performance monitoring instance 225, the UE 115-a may measure the reference signals 205-a to generate a first set of actual (e.g., measured) measurements (e.g., a first set of actual L1-RSRPs) associated with the beam set 210-a (e.g., each beam 215 in the beam set 210-a) and may input the first set of actual measurements into an ML model at the UE 115-a (e.g., AI model) to generate (e.g., output) a set of predicted measurements (e.g., a set of predicted L1-RSRPs) associated with a beam set 210-b (e.g., each beam 215 in the beam set 210-b) . In some cases, as depicted in FIG. 2, the beam set 210-b (e.g., Set A) may include narrow beams 215. Additionally, for each performance monitoring instance 225, the UE 115-a may then predict one or more best beams 215 (e.g., Top-K or Top-1 predicted best beams 215) , which may be referred to as predicted best beams 215, from the beam set 210-b based on the set of predicted measurements. For example, the one or more predicted best beams 215 may be associated with highest signal qualities out of the beam set 210-b (e.g., based on the set of predicted measurements) .
[0090] Additionally, for each performance monitoring instance 225, the UE 115-amay receive, from the network entity 105-a, reference signals 205-b via the beam set 210-b (e.g., Set A) and may may measure the reference signals 205-b to generate a second set of actual measurements (e.g., second set of actual L1-RSRPs) associated with the beam set 210-b (e.g., each beam 215 in the beam set 210-b) . In some cases, the beam prediction (e.g., generation of the set of predicted measurements) may be temporal beam prediction in which reception of the reference signals 205-a occurs prior to reception of the reference signals 205-b. In other words, reception of the reference signals 205-a may be independent of (e.g., many not overlap with) reception of the reference signals 205-b in a time domain. In some other cases (e.g., as depicted in FIG. 2) , the beam prediction may be spatial beam prediction in which reception of the reference signals 205-a (e.g., at t-2, t-1, t0, and t1) at least partially overlap in time with reception of the reference signals 205-b (e.g., at t-2+Δt, t-1+Δt, t0+Δt, and t1+Δt, respectively) . In other words, reception of the reference signals 205-a at least partially overlap with reception of the reference signals 205-b in the time domain.
[0091] Thus, the UE 115-a may transmit a report 220 (e.g., one or more reports 220) indicating one or more per-instance performance monitoring metrics associated with each performance monitoring instance 225 based on generating the second set of actual measurements. That is, each performance monitoring instance 225 may be associated with one or more respective performance monitoring metrics (e.g., per-instance performance monitoring metrics) . In some cases, the report 220 may include, for each performance monitoring instance 225, a respective indication of a prediction accuracy of the one or more predicted best beams 215 (e.g., Top-1 or Top-K predicted best beams 215) . In such cases, for each performance monitoring instance 225, the indication of the prediction accuracy (e.g., with or without margin) may be based on the UE 115-acomparing one or more respective predicted best beams 215 from the beam set 210-b to one or more respective actual best beams 215 from the beam set 210-b (e.g., based on the second set of measurements) . Additionally, or alternatively, the report 220 may include, for each performance monitoring instance 225, a respective indication of a respective first difference (e.g., L1-RSRP difference) between one or more predicted measurements (e.g., from the set of predicted measurements) associated with the one or more respective predicted best beams 215 from the beam set 210-b to one or more actual measurements (e.g., from the second set of actual measurements) associated with the one or more respective actual best beams 215 from the beam set 210-b (e.g., based on the second set of measurements) . Additionally, or alternatively, the report 220 may include, for each performance monitoring instance 225, a respective indication of a second difference (e.g., L1-RSRP difference) between one or more predicted measurements (e.g., from the set of predicted measurements) associated with the one or more respective predicted best beams 215 from the beam set 210-b to one or more actual measurements (e.g., from the second set of actual measurements) associated with the one or more respective predicted best beams 215 (e.g., one or more received beams 215 from the beam set 210-b that correspond to the one or more respective predicted best beams 215) . Additionally, or alternatively, the report 220 may include, for each performance monitoring instance 225, a respective indication of probability information of the one or more respective predicted best beams 215 to be the one or more respective actual best beams 215.
[0092] In some cases, the network entity 105-a may not transmit all beams 215 of the beam set 210-b, the UE 115-a may not monitor for all beams 215 of the beam set 210-b, or both (e.g., for a performance monitoring set in a performance monitoring instance 225) . For example, if a quantity of beams 215 in the beam set 210-b (e.g., prediction set) exceeds a threshold (e.g., 128 beams or larger) , the reference signals 205-b, transmitted by the network entity 105-a, may not span the entire beam set 210-b (e.g., may not be transmitted via all beams 215 of the beam set 210-b) . In such cases, a subset of beams 215 from the beam set 210-b, which may be referred to as performance monitoring beams, may be available for performance monitoring. Additionally, or alternatively, even if the reference signals 205-b span the entire beam set 210-b (e.g., the entire beam set 210-b is available for measurement) , the UE 115-a may not be capable of measuring all of the reference signal 205-b to derive one or more performance metrics (e.g., due to complexity reasons) . In such cases, a subset of the beam set 210-b may be configured as the performance monitoring set.
[0093] Thus, in some cases, the UE 115-a may determine whether to transmit an indication of one or more per-instance performance monitoring metrics (e.g., via a report 220) associated with a performance monitoring instance 225 based on whether a threshold quantity (e.g., at least a subset) of one or more predicted best beams 215 (e.g., associated with the performance monitoring instance 225) are within at least a subset of a beam set 210-b. That is, the UE 115-a may transmit a report 220 indicative of one or more per-instance performance monitoring metrics associated with for a performance monitoring instance 225 based on at least a subset of one or more respective predicted best beams 215 (e.g., associated with the performance monitoring instance 225) being within the subset of the beam set 210-b. In such cases, the performance monitoring instance 225 may be referred to as an eligible or valid performance monitoring instance 225. For example, for a performance monitoring instance 225-a, the beam set 210-b (e.g., used by the UE 115-a for prediction of one or more predicted best beams 215) may include a beam 215-a, a beam 215-b, a beam 215-c, a beam 215-d, a beam 215-e, a beam 215-f, a beam 215-g, a beam 215-g, a beam 215-h, and a beam 215-j, but the subset of the beam set 210-b may include the beam 215-a, the beam 215-b, the beam 215-c, the beam 215-d, and the beam 215-e. Additionally, the UE 115-a may have previously identified (e.g., via inference outcome, via prediction) that the beam 215-a, the beam 215-c, and the beam 215-d are the predicted best beams 215. In such cases, the beam 215-a, the beam 215-c, and the beam 215-d are within the subset of the beam set 210-b, such that the UE 115-a may transmit a report 220 indicative of one or more per-instance performance monitoring metrics associated with the performance monitoring instance 225-a. In other words, the performance monitoring instance 225-a (e.g., as well as a performance monitoring instance 225-b and a performance monitoring instance 225-c) may be an eligible performance monitoring instance 225. Performance monitoring instances 225 may also inherently be eligible performance monitoring instances 225 when the network entity 105-a transmits all beams 215 of the beam set 210-b and the UE 115-a monitors for all beams 215 of the beam set 210-b. In other words, performance monitoring instances 225 may also inherently be eligible performance monitoring instances 225 when the performance monitoring beams 215 include all beams in the beam set 210-b.
[0094] Conversely, the UE 115-a may refrain from transmitting an indication of one or more per-instance performance monitoring metrics (e.g., via a report 220) associated with a performance monitoring instance 225 based on at least a subset of the one or more predicted best beams 215 being outside of the at least subset of the beam set 210-b. In such cases, the performance monitoring instance 225 may be referred to as an ineligible performance monitoring instance 225. For example, for a performance monitoring instance 225-d, the beam set 210-b (e.g., used by the UE 115-a for prediction of one or more predicted best beams 215) may include a beam 215-k, a beam 215-m, a beam 215-n, a beam 215-o, a beam 215-p, a beam 215-q, a beam 215-r, a beam 215-s, and a beam 215-t, but the subset of the beam set 210-b may include the beam 215-k, the beam 215-m, the beam 215-n, the beam 215-o, and the beam 215-p. Additionally, the UE 115-a may have previously identified (e.g., via inference outcome, via prediction) that the beam 215-o, the beam 215-p, and the beam 215-r are the predicted best beams 215, however, the network entity 105-a may not have transmitted reference signals 205-b via the beam 215-r. Thus, in some cases (e.g., the threshold quantity of one or more predicted best beams 215 may be all of the one or more predicted best beams 215) , the UE 115-a may refrain from transmitting an indication of one or more per-instance performance monitoring metrics associated with the performance monitoring instance 225-d. In other words, the performance monitoring instance 225-d may be an ineligible performance monitoring instance 225.
[0095] In some cases, the UE 115-a may determine (e.g., compute) associated with multiple performance monitoring instances 225. That is, rather than transmitting one or more reports 220 (e.g., a report 220 per performance monitoring instance 225) indicating one or more per-instance performance monitoring metrics associated with each eligible performance monitoring instance 225 of multiple performance monitoring instances 225, the UE 115-a may transmit a single report 220 indicative of one or more cumulative performance monitoring metrics (e.g., window-based performance monitoring metrics) associated with the multiple performance monitoring instances 225 within a reporting window 230. In some cases, the one or more performance monitoring metrics associated with the multiple performance monitoring instances 225 may be based on (e.g., a function of, an average of) the one or more per-instance performance monitoring metrics associated with each eligible performance monitoring instance 225 of multiple performance monitoring instances 225. Reporting of one or more cumulative performance monitoring metrics (e.g., window-based metrics) may reduce a frequency of transmission of performance monitoring reports 220 (e.g., a single report 220 rather than a report 220 per-performance monitoring instance) while still enabling the network entity 105-a to evaluate performance of beam prediction by the UE 115-a (e.g., UE-side AI / ML model performance) .
[0096] In some cases, measurement of the reference signals 205-a (e.g., during a measurement instance) may be associated with multiple performance monitoring instances 225 (e.g., multiple future prediction instances) . In such cases, the UE 115-a may perform temporal beam prediction with multiple performance monitoring instances 225 (e.g., future prediction instances) . That, rather than each performance monitoring instance 225 being associated with a respective set of reference signals 205-a, multiple performance monitoring instances 225 may be associated with a same set of reference signals 205-a. For example, for a set of performance monitoring instances 225 (e.g., within a prediction set) , the UE 115-a may receive, from the network entity 105-a, reference signals 205-a (e.g., a first set of reference signals 205) via the beam set 210-a (e.g., Set B) . The UE 115-a may measure the reference signals 205-a to generate a first set of actual measurements associated with the beam set 210-a (e.g., each beam 215 in the beam set 210-a) and may input the first set of actual measurements into the ML model at the UE 115-a to generate, for each performance monitoring instance 225 within the set of performance monitoring instances 225, a respective set of predicted measurements associated with the beam set 210-b (e.g., each beam 215 in the beam set 210-b) . For each performance monitoring instance 225 (e.g., within the set of performance monitoring instances 225) , the UE 115-a may then predict one or more respective predicted best beams 215 from the beam set 210-b based on the respective set of predicted measurements.
[0097] For example, the UE 115-a may generate, based on the first set of actual measurements, a first set of predicted measurements associated with a first performance monitoring instances 225 (e.g., and associated with the beam set 210-b) and a second set of predicted measurements associated with a second performance monitoring instances 225 (e.g., and associated with the beam set 210-b) . Additionally, the UE 115-a may predict one or more first predicted best beams 215 from the beam set 210-b for the first performance monitoring instances 225 based on the first set of predicted measurements and may predict one or more second predicted best beams 215 from the beam set 210-b for the second performance monitoring instances 225 based on the second set of predicted measurements.
[0098] Additionally, for each performance monitoring set (e.g., within the set of performance monitoring instances 225) , the UE 115-a may receive, from the network entity 105-a, respective reference signals 205-b via the beam set 210-b (e.g., via at least a subset of the beam set 210-b) and may measure the respective reference signals 205-b to generate a respective second set of actual measurements associated with the beam set 210-b. For example, the UE 115-a may receive first reference signals 205-b via the beam set 210-b (e.g., via at least the subset of the beam set 210-b) for the first performance monitoring instance 225 and may receive second reference signals 205-b via the beam set 210-b (e.g., via at least the subset of the beam set 210-b) for the second performance monitoring instance 225. Thus, the UE 115-a may generate a respective second set of actual measurements associated with the beam set 210-b for each of the first performance monitoring instance 225 and the second first performance monitoring instance 225 based on measurement of the first reference signals 205-b and the second reference signals 205-b, respectively.
[0099] In accordance with various techniques discussed herein, as discussed in more detail with reference to FIG. 3, a UE 115 may be configured to monitor one or more reference signals transmitted in one or more performance monitoring instances, and report one or more performance monitoring metrics for one or more of the performance monitoring instances. For example, the UE 115-a may receive reference signals 205-a via the beam set 210-a and may identify, for each performance monitoring instance 225 within the performance monitoring window, one or more respective predicted best beams 215 from the beam set 210-b in accordance with measurement of the reference signals 205-a. The UE 115-a may additionally receive, for each performance monitoring instance 225 within the performance monitoring window, respective reference signals 205-b via at least a subset of the beam set 210-b. The UE 115-a may measure reference signals 205-b of at least the subset of the beam set 210-b (e.g., corresponding to a performance monitoring set) and may transmit a report 220 that indicates, for example, whether one or more predicted best beams 215 from the beam set 210-b has an associated reference signal measurement from reference signals 205-b that is at least a threshold deviation from one or more highest reference signal measurements of the reference signals 205-b.
[0100] FIG. 3 shows an example of a beam prediction diagram 300 that supports performance monitoring techniques for temporal beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some cases, the beam prediction diagram 300 may implement or be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100, the wireless communications system 200, or both. For example, the beam prediction diagram 300 may be implemented by one or more UEs 115 and one or more network entities 105, which may be examples of the corresponding devices as described herein.
[0101] As described with reference to FIG. 2, in some cases, a UE 115 may perform temporal beam prediction for multiple performance monitoring instances, which may also be referred to as prediction instances 310 (e.g., future prediction instances 310) . For example, the UE 115 may receive, from a network entity 105, a set of first reference signals via a beam set 330-a (e.g., Set B) , associated with (e.g., during) a measurement instance 305-a. In such cases, the measurement instance 305-a may be associated with a prediction set 320-a including multiple (e.g., a set of) prediction instances 310 (e.g., performance monitoring instances) , such that measurement of the set of first reference signals associated with the measurement instance 305-a may be used to generate respective predictions for each prediction instance 310 within the prediction set 320-a.
[0102] For example, the UE 115 may measure the set of first reference signals received via the beam set 330-a to generate a set of actual measurements (e.g., a set of first actual measurements) associated with the beam set 330-a (e.g., each beam in the beam set 330-a) and may input the set of actual measurements associated with the beam set 330-a into an ML model at the UE 115 to generate, for each prediction instance 310 in the prediction set 320-a, a respective set of predicted measurements associated with a beam set 330-b (e.g., each beam in the beam set 330-b) . That is, the UE 115 may generate, based on the set of actual measurements associated with the beam set 330-a for a first measurement instance 305-a, a first set of predicted measurements associated with the beam set 330-b for (e.g., associated with) a prediction instance 310-a, a second set of predicted measurements associated with the beam set 330-b for a prediction instance 310-b. Likewise, the UE 115 may generate, based on the set of actual measurements associated with the beam set 330-a for a second measurement instance 305-b, a third set of predicted measurements associated with the beam set 330-b for a prediction instance 310-c, and a fourth set of predicted measurements associated with the beam set 330-b for a prediction instance 310-d, and so on for third measurement instance 305-c and prediction instance 310-e.
[0103] Additionally, the UE 115 may predict, for each prediction instance 310 (e.g., within the prediction set 320-a) , one or more respective predicted best beams from the beam set 330-b based on a respective set of predicted measurements. For example, the UE 115 may predict one or more first predicted best beams for (e.g., associated with) the prediction instance 310-a based on the first set of predicted measurements, and one or more second predicted best beams for the prediction instance 310-b based on the second set of predicted measurements.
[0104] Further, for each prediction instance 310 (e.g., within the prediction set 320-a) , the UE 115 may receive a respective set of second reference signals via at least a subset of the beam set 330-b and may measure the respective set of second reference signals to generate a respective set of actual measurements (e.g., a respective set of second actual measurements) associated with the beam set 330-b. In this example, the UE 115 may receive the respective set of second reference signals via a performance monitoring set 335, which is a subset of the beam set 330-b.
[0105] For example, at time instance t0, the UE 115 may receive a first set of first reference signals via the beam set 330-a to generate a set of actual measurements associated with the beam set 330-a and may input the set of actual measurements into an ML model to generate, for prediction instance 310-c in the prediction set 320-b, a respective set of predicted measurements associated with beam set 330-b at time instance t+1.
[0106] The UE 115 may also receive a first set of second reference signals via the performance monitoring set 335 of the beam set 330-b for the prediction instance 310-c. Thus, the UE 115 may generate, for the prediction instance 310-c, a first set of actual measurements associated with the performance monitoring set 335 based on measurement of the first set of second reference signals. In some cases, the UE 115 may identify, for the prediction instance 310-c (e.g., and other instances within the prediction set 320-b) , one or more actual best beams from the performance monitoring set 335 based on a respective set of actual measurements associated with the beam set 330-b associated with the performance monitoring set 335. For example, the UE 115 may identify one or more first actual best beams from the performance monitoring set 335 based on the first set of actual measurements. In some cases, as depicted in FIG. 3, the UE 115 may repeat the process described herein for multiple prediction sets 320 within a monitoring window 315.
[0107] In some aspects, the UE 115 may transmit a performance monitoring report, which may simply be referred to as the report or a measurement report, indicating one or more performance monitoring metrics associated with the monitoring window 315 (e.g., performance monitoring window) . That is, the one or more performance monitoring metrics may be based on at least a subset of the prediction instances 310 in the monitoring window 315, such as the prediction instance 310-c associated with time t+1. In some cases, the one or more performance monitoring metrics may be based on a quantity occurrences of one or more events within the monitoring window 315. For example, the one or more cumulative performance monitoring metrics may include a first (e.g., a single first) performance monitoring metric that is based on the quantity of occurrences of the one or more events within the monitoring window 315. In some examples, the first performance monitoring metric may explicitly indicate the quantity occurrences of the one or more events within the monitoring window 315. Additionally, or alternatively, the first performance monitoring metric may indicate the quantity occurrences of the one or more events within the monitoring window 315 divided by (e.g., relative to) a total quantity of prediction instances 310 within the monitoring window 315. In some cases, the total quantity of prediction instances 310 within the monitoring window 315 may include all prediction instances 310 within the monitoring window 315 (e.g., eligible prediction instances 310 and ineligible prediction instances 310) . In some other cases, the total quantity of prediction instances 310 within the monitoring window 315 may include eligible prediction instances 310 (e.g., and not ineligible prediction instances 310) within the monitoring window 315. As described herein, when the UE 115 receives the respective sets of second reference signals via the performance monitoring set 335, an eligible prediction instance 310 (e.g., eligible performance monitoring instance) may be a prediction instance 310 in which at least a subset of one or more respective predicted best beams (e.g., associated with the prediction instance 310) are within the performance monitoring set 335. In some cases, the one or more events may be associated with (e.g., based on) the prediction instances 310 within the monitoring window 315. That is, the UE 115-a may evaluate each prediction instance 310 for an occurrence of the one or more events and, if at least one of the one or more events occurs, then the prediction instance 310 may be considered a successful prediction instance 310 and may be counted in the quantity occurrences of the one or more events. In other words, the quantity occurrences of the one or more events within the monitoring window 315 may be synonymous to a quantity of successful prediction instance 310 within the monitoring window 315.
[0108] In some cases, such as when the UE 115 receives the respective sets of second reference signals via the performance monitoring set 335, and a network entity 105 may configure N performance monitoring instances. In some aspects, an associated measurement report may provide an indication of Np as a quantity of performance monitoring instances (out of N) associated with a first metric (e.g., Metric 1) , for which a largest L1-RSRP of those beams in the Top-K predicted beams that are within the performance monitoring set 335 are no worse than X dB of one of: ● a largest L1-RSRP of the Top-M measured beams from the performance monitoring set (Metric 1. a) ; ● an n’ th L1-RSRP of the Top-M measured beams from the performance monitoring set (Metric 1. b) ; or ● a lowest L1-RSRP of the Top-M measured beams from the performance monitoring set (Metric 1. c) . In some cases, a value for X may be configured by the network entity 105 (e.g., in a CSI report configuration for monitoring) . In some cases, values for K and M may be configured by the network entity 105 based at least in part on a reported UE capability. In some cases, the value of M may be one (that is, the Top-1 measured beam from the performance monitoring set 335) .
[0109] In some case, the reported metric (e.g., BAI) may be defined as a value of Np for the monitoring window 315, or a ratio-based metric such as Np / N in which N is the total number of performance monitoring instances, or Np / Ne in which Ne is the number of eligible or valid performance monitoring instances, in which eligible instances correspond to prediction instances 310 for which all the Top-K predicted beams reside within the performance monitoring set 335.
[0110] For example, considering the prediction instance 310-c corresponding to time t+1, the performance monitoring set 335 may include A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5. In this example, the Top-3 measured beams from performance monitoring set (from lowest to highest L1-RSRP) may be A1, A2, and A3. Further, the Top-4 predicted beams from the beam prediction model may be A4, A5, A8, and A9. In such a case, only the beams from Top-K predicted beams that are within the performance monitoring set 335, corresponding to A4 and A5 in this example, are considered. Among these, if A4 has the highest L1-RSRP denoted by L1-RSRP4, the first metric may be determined in accordance with: ● Metric 1. a: if L1-RSRP4 > L1-RSRP3 –X, this is a success event that counts towards Np; ● Metric 1. b: if L1-RSRP4 > L1-RSRP2 –X, this is a success event that counts towards Np (for the 2nd highest L1-RSRP of the Top-M) ; or ● Metric 1. c: if L1-RSRP4 > L1-RSRP1 –X, this is a success event that counts towards Np. If none of the Top-K predicted beams are within the performance monitoring set 335, this can be counted as a failure instance (e.g., not counted towards Np) .
[0111] In some aspects, an associated measurement report may provide an indication of Np as a quantity of performance monitoring instances (out of N) associated with a second metric (e.g., Metric 2) for which at least one of the Top-M beam (s) with largest measured value (s) of L1-RSRP (s) of the performance monitoring set 335 are among the Top-K predicted beams, if the L1-RSRP of the at least one of the Top-M beams from the performance monitoring set 335 is within X dB of the L1-RSRP of the Top-1 beam from the performance monitoring set 335. In some cases, a value of X may be configured by the network entity 105 (e.g., in the CSI report configuration for monitoring) , and K and M may be based on UE capability. For example, considering the prediction instance 310-c corresponding to time t+1, the performance monitoring set 335 may include A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5. In this example the Top-3 beams from the performance monitoring set 335 may correspond to (from highest to lowest L1-RSRP) A2, A3, and A4. Further, the Top-4 predicted beams may be A4, A5, A8, and A9. In this example, it is true that at least one of the Top-3 beams from the performance monitoring set 335 (that is, A4) is within the Top-4 predicted beams, but the success for Metric 2 counted when L1-RSRP2 –L1-RSRP4 < X.
[0112] In some other aspects, an associated measurement report may provide a third metric (e.g. Metric 3) for one or multiple performance monitoring instances (out of N) , that indicates the L1-RSRP difference between a measured L1-RSRP of the Top-1 predicted beam from the performance monitoring set 335 and highest measured L1-RSRP of the Top-K predicted beams that are within the performance monitoring set 335, per performance monitoring instance 310. This may be computed for each of the N configured performance monitoring instances 310. In some cases, the UE 115 may report some statistics of the computed metrics, such as mean and standard deviation of the metrics computed per instance, at the end of the monitoring window 315. If none of the Top-K predicted beams are within the performance monitoring set 335, then no metric should be calculated for that instance.
[0113] For example, considering the prediction instance 310-c corresponding to time t+1, the performance monitoring set 335 may include A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5. In this example the Top-3 beams from the performance monitoring set 335 (from lowest to highest L1-RSRP) may be A1, A2, and A3, and the Top-4 predicted beams may be A4, A5, A8, and A9. Only those beams from the Top-K predicted that are within the performance monitoring set 335 (that is, A4 and A5 in this example) may be considered. Among these, if A4 has the highest L1-RSRP denoted by L1-RSRP4, then Metric 3 may correspond to L1-RSRP3 –L1-RSRP4. This metric may be computed per performance monitoring instance 310. In some examples, if the monitoring window includes multiple monitoring instances, then the overall metric may be defined as some statistics of the metric computed for each performance monitoring instance 310 (e.g., an average of the per-instance metrics or average and standard deviation of the per-instance metrics) .
[0114] In some other aspects, an associated measurement report may provide a fourth metric (e.g., Metric 4) for one or multiple performance monitoring instances (out of N) , that indicates a difference between measured L1-RSRP and predicted L1-RSRP for the beam from the Top-K predicted beams (within the performance monitoring set 335) that has the highest measured L1-RSRP. As this can be negative, this metric may be provided as an absolute value. In some cases, the fourth metric may be provided as an average of the absolute value for the differences between measured L1-RSRP and predicted L1-RSRP for the beams from the Top-K predicted beams that are within performance monitoring set 335. In some cases, this metric may be computed for each of the N configured performance monitoring instances 310. In some cases, the UE 115 may report some statistics of the computed metrics, such as mean and standard deviation of the metrics computed per instance, at the end of the monitoring window 315. If none of the Top-K predicted beams are within the performance monitoring set, then no metric should be calculated for that instance. Note that some AI or ML models may not predict RSRP, and this metric may be provided when the model can predict RSRP.
[0115] For example, considering the prediction instance 310-c corresponding to time t+1, the performance monitoring set 335 may include A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5. In this example the Top-3 beams from the performance monitoring set 335 (from lowest to highest L1-RSRP) may be A1, A2, and A3, and the Top-4 predicted beams may be A4, A5, A8, and A9. Consideration is provided only for those beams from Top-K predicted that are within the performance monitoring set 335 (that is, A4 and A5 in this example) . Among these, if A4 has the highest L1-RSRP denoted by L1-RSRP4, the fourth metric may be: |measured L1-RSRP4 –predicted L1-RSRP4|; or if an average is reported the fourth metric may be (|measured L1-RSRP4 –predicted L1-RSRP4 |+|measured L1-RSRP5 –predicted L1-RSRP5|) / 2. This metric may be computed per instance, and if the monitoring window 315 includes multiple monitoring instances 310, then the overall metric can be defined as some statistics of the metric computed for each of the monitoring instances 310. For example, the metric may be the average of the per-instance metrics or average and standard deviation of the per-instance metrics.
[0116] FIG. 4 shows an example of a process flow 400 that supports performance monitoring techniques for temporal beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some cases, the process flow 400 may implement or be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100, the wireless communications system 200, the beam prediction diagram 300, or any combination thereof. For example, the process flow 400 may include one or more UEs 115 (e.g., a UE 115-b) and one or more network entities 105 (e.g., a network entity 105-a) , which may be examples of the corresponding devices as described herein. In the following description of the process flow 400, the operations between the UE 115-b and the network entity 105-b may be communicated in a different order than the example order shown, or the operations performed by the UE 115-b and the network entity 105-may be performed in different orders or at different times. Some operations may also be omitted from the process flow 400, and other operations may be added to the process flow 400.
[0117] At 405, the UE 115-b may receive, from the network entity 105-b (e.g., during a measurement instance) , multiple first reference signal sets via a first set of beams (e.g., Set B) , where each first reference signal set included in the multiple first reference signal sets is associated with one or more respective performance monitoring instances (e.g., prediction instances) from among multiple performance monitoring instances within a performance monitoring window.
[0118] At 410, the UE 115-b may identify, for each performance monitoring instance within the performance monitoring window, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams (e.g., Set A) in accordance with measurement of a respective first reference signal set (e.g., a corresponding first reference signal set) of the multiple first reference signal sets. In such cases, the one or more predicted best beams may be predicted to have highest signal qualities (e.g., RSRPs) out of the second set of beams.
[0119] At 415, the UE 115-b may receive, from the network entity 105-b, multiple second reference signal sets via at least a subset of the second set of beams, where each second reference signal set, of the multiple second reference signal sets, is associated with a respective performance monitoring instance within the performance monitoring window.
[0120] In some cases, at 420, the UE 115-b may identify a per-instance performance monitoring metric associated with each performance monitoring instance of the plurality of performance monitoring instances.
[0121] In some cases, at 425, the UE 115-b may calculate one or more performance monitoring metrics. The one or more performance monitoring metrics may be calculated in accordance with techniques as discussed herein, and may include calculation of one or more of Metric 1, Metric 2, Metric 3, or Metric 4, for example.
[0122] At 430, the UE 115-b may transmit a performance monitoring report associated with the performance monitoring window, where the performance monitoring report indicates one or more performance monitoring metrics associated with the multiple performance monitoring instances. In some cases, the one or more performance monitoring metrics may be based on a quantity of successful performance monitoring instances within the performance monitoring window, where a successful performance monitoring instance is a performance monitoring instance in which one or more events occur based on one or more respective predicted best beams. In some cases, the one or more performance monitoring metrics may include a difference in RSRP values for one or more predicted best beams and one or more measured beast beams.
[0123] FIG. 5 shows a block diagram 500 of a device 505 that supports performance monitoring techniques for temporal beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 505 may be an example of aspects of a UE 115 as described herein. The device 505 may include a receiver 510, a transmitter 515, and a communications manager 520. The device 505, or one or more components of the device 505 (e.g., the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, the communications manager 520) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to, individually or collectively, support or enable the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0124] The receiver 510 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to performance monitoring techniques for temporal beam prediction) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 505. The receiver 510 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0125] The transmitter 515 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 505. For example, the transmitter 515 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to performance monitoring techniques for temporal beam prediction) . In some examples, the transmitter 515 may be co-located with a receiver 510 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 515 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0126] The communications manager 520, the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or various combinations or components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of performance monitoring techniques for temporal beam prediction as described herein. For example, the communications manager 520, the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or various combinations or components thereof may be capable of performing one or more of the functions described herein.
[0127] In some examples, the communications manager 520, the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include at least one of a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , a central processing unit (CPU) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by one or more processors, individually or collectively, executing instructions stored in the at least one memory) .
[0128] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 520, the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor (e.g., referred to as a processor-executable code) . If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functions of the communications manager 520, the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure) .
[0129] In some examples, the communications manager 520 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or both. For example, the communications manager 520 may receive information from the receiver 510, send information to the transmitter 515, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0130] The communications manager 520 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a set of multiple first reference signals via a first set of beams, where each first reference signal included in the set of multiple first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a set of multiple performance monitoring instances, where a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked reference signal measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals. The communications manager 520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for identifying, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, where the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams. The communications manager 520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, where the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates whether one or more of the predicted best beams has an associated reference signal measurement that is at least a threshold deviation from a corresponding reference signal measurement of one of the subset of the first set of beams.
[0131] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 520 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a set of multiple first reference signals via a first set of beams, where each first reference signal included in the set of multiple first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a set of multiple performance monitoring instances, where a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals. The communications manager 520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for identifying, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, where the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams. The communications manager 520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, where the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates whether at least a first beam of the subset of the first set of beams is among the one or more predicted best beams and has an associated measurement that is within a threshold deviation of a corresponding measurement of a highest ranked measurement of the set of ranked measurements.
[0132] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 520 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a set of multiple first reference signals via a first set of beams, where each first reference signal included in the set of multiple first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a set of multiple performance monitoring instances, where a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked signal quality measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals. The communications manager 520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for identifying, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, where the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams. The communications manager 520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, where the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates a difference between a reference signal measurement of a beam of the second set of beams that has a best predicted signal quality and a highest reference signal measurement of the set of ranked signal quality measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals.
[0133] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 520 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a set of multiple first reference signals via a first set of beams, where each first reference signal included in the set of multiple first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a set of multiple performance monitoring instances, where a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked reference signal measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals. The communications manager 520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for identifying, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, where the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams. The communications manager 520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, where the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates a difference between the reference signal measurement of one or more beams of the subset of the first set of beams and a corresponding predicted reference signal measurement of the one or more beams of the subset of the first set of beams.
[0134] By including or configuring the communications manager 520 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 505 (e.g., at least one processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, the communications manager 520, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for generating one or more performance monitoring metrics for temporal beam prediction with one or more performance monitoring instances within a performance monitoring window, which may result in reduced processing, reduced power consumption, and more efficient utilization of communication resources, among other advantages.
[0135] FIG. 6 shows a block diagram 600 of a device 605 that supports performance monitoring techniques for temporal beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 605 may be an example of aspects of a device 505 or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 605 may include a receiver 610, a transmitter 615, and a communications manager 620. The device 605, or one or more components of the device 605 (e.g., the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, the communications manager 620) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to support the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0136] The receiver 610 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to performance monitoring techniques for temporal beam prediction) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 605. The receiver 610 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0137] The transmitter 615 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 605. For example, the transmitter 615 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to performance monitoring techniques for temporal beam prediction) . In some examples, the transmitter 615 may be co-located with a receiver 610 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 615 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0138] The device 605, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of performance monitoring techniques for temporal beam prediction as described herein. For example, the communications manager 620 may include a monitoring component 625, a prediction component 630, a reporting component 635, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 620 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 520 as described herein. In some examples, the communications manager 620, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or both. For example, the communications manager 620 may receive information from the receiver 610, send information to the transmitter 615, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0139] The communications manager 620 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The monitoring component 625 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a set of multiple first reference signals via a first set of beams, where each first reference signal included in the set of multiple first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a set of multiple performance monitoring instances, where a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked reference signal measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals. The prediction component 630 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for identifying, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, where the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams. The reporting component 635 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, where the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates whether one or more of the predicted best beams has an associated reference signal measurement that is at least a threshold deviation from a corresponding reference signal measurement of one of the subset of the first set of beams.
[0140] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 620 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The monitoring component 625 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a set of multiple first reference signals via a first set of beams, where each first reference signal included in the set of multiple first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a set of multiple performance monitoring instances, where a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals. The prediction component 630 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for identifying, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, where the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams. The reporting component 635 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, where the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates whether at least a first beam of the subset of the first set of beams is among the one or more predicted best beams and has an associated measurement that is within a threshold deviation of a corresponding measurement of a highest ranked measurement of the set of ranked measurements.
[0141] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 620 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The monitoring component 625 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a set of multiple first reference signals via a first set of beams, where each first reference signal included in the set of multiple first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a set of multiple performance monitoring instances, where a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked signal quality measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals. The prediction component 630 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for identifying, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, where the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams. The reporting component 635 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, where the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates a difference between a reference signal measurement of a beam of the second set of beams that has a best predicted signal quality and a highest reference signal measurement of the set of ranked signal quality measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals.
[0142] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 620 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The monitoring component 625 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a set of multiple first reference signals via a first set of beams, where each first reference signal included in the set of multiple first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a set of multiple performance monitoring instances, where a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked reference signal measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals. The prediction component 630 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for identifying, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, where the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams. The reporting component 635 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, where the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates a difference between the reference signal measurement of one or more beams of the subset of the first set of beams and a corresponding predicted reference signal measurement of the one or more beams of the subset of the first set of beams.
[0143] FIG. 7 shows a block diagram 700 of a communications manager 720 that supports performance monitoring techniques for temporal beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 720 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 520, a communications manager 620, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 720, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of performance monitoring techniques for temporal beam prediction as described herein. For example, the communications manager 720 may include a monitoring component 725, a prediction component 730, a reporting component 735, a metric component 740, a configuration component 745, a capability component 750, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, or components or subcomponents thereof (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories) , may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0144] The communications manager 720 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The monitoring component 725 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a set of multiple first reference signals via a first set of beams, where each first reference signal included in the set of multiple first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a set of multiple performance monitoring instances, where a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked reference signal measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals. The prediction component 730 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for identifying, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, where the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams. The reporting component 735 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, where the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates whether one or more of the predicted best beams has an associated reference signal measurement that is at least a threshold deviation from a corresponding reference signal measurement of one of the subset of the first set of beams.
[0145] In some examples, the first performance monitoring metric indicates whether a reference signal measurement associated with a beam of the one or more predicted best beams that has a predicted highest signal quality is at least the threshold deviation from a highest reference signal measurement of the first reference signal measurements.
[0146] In some examples, the first performance monitoring metric indicates whether a reference signal measurement associated with a beam of the one or more predicted best beams that has a predicted highest signal quality is at least the threshold deviation from an n’ th ranked reference signal measurement of the set of ranked reference signal measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals.
[0147] In some examples, the first performance monitoring metric indicates whether a reference signal measurement associated with a beam of the one or more predicted best beams that has a predicted highest signal quality is at least the threshold deviation from a worst signal quality measurement of the subset of the first set of beams.
[0148] In some examples, the configuration component 745 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving configuration information that indicates a value of the threshold deviation.
[0149] In some examples, the capability component 750 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a capability indication that indicates a quantity of the one or more predicted best beams that can be predicted at the UE, and that indicates a quantity of beams of the subset of the first set of beams that is supported at the UE.
[0150] In some examples, the first performance monitoring metric indicates a quantity of the set of multiple performance monitoring instances in which one or more of the predicted best beams has the associated reference signal measurement that is at least the threshold deviation from the corresponding reference signal measurement of one of the subset of the first set of beams.
[0151] In some examples, the first performance monitoring metric indicates a ratio of a first quantity of performance monitoring instances in which one or more of the predicted best beams has the associated reference signal measurement that is at least the threshold deviation from the corresponding reference signal measurement of one of the subset of the first set of beams and a second quantity that corresponds to a quantity of the set of multiple performance monitoring instances.
[0152] In some examples, the first performance monitoring metric indicates a ratio of a first quantity of performance monitoring instances in which one or more of the predicted best beams has the associated reference signal measurement that is at least the threshold deviation from the corresponding reference signal measurement of one of the subset of the first set of beams and a second quantity that corresponds to a quantity of eligible monitoring instances of the set of multiple performance monitoring instances, and where an eligible monitoring instance corresponds to a monitoring instance in which all the one or more predicted best beams are present within the first set of beams.
[0153] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 720 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, the monitoring component 725 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a set of multiple first reference signals via a first set of beams, where each first reference signal included in the set of multiple first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a set of multiple performance monitoring instances, where a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals. In some examples, the prediction component 730 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for identifying, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, where the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams. In some examples, the reporting component 735 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, where the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates whether at least a first beam of the subset of the first set of beams is among the one or more predicted best beams and has an associated measurement that is within a threshold deviation of a corresponding measurement of a highest ranked measurement of the set of ranked measurements.
[0154] In some examples, the configuration component 745 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving configuration information that indicates a value of the threshold deviation.
[0155] In some examples, the capability component 750 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a capability indication that indicates a quantity of the one or more predicted best beams that can be predicted at the UE, and that indicates a quantity of beams of the subset of the first set of beams that is supported at the UE.
[0156] In some examples, the first performance monitoring metric indicates a ratio of a first quantity of performance monitoring instances in which at least the first beam of the subset of the first set of beams is among the one or more predicted best beams and has an associated measurement that is within the threshold deviation of the corresponding measurement of the highest ranked measurement of the set of ranked measurements, and a second quantity that corresponds to a quantity of the set of multiple performance monitoring instances.
[0157] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 720 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, the monitoring component 725 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a set of multiple first reference signals via a first set of beams, where each first reference signal included in the set of multiple first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a set of multiple performance monitoring instances, where a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked signal quality measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals. In some examples, the prediction component 730 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for identifying, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, where the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams. In some examples, the reporting component 735 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, where the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates a difference between a reference signal measurement of a beam of the second set of beams that has a best predicted signal quality and a highest reference signal measurement of the set of ranked signal quality measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals.
[0158] In some examples, the performance monitoring report provides the first performance monitoring metric for each of the set of multiple performance monitoring instances.
[0159] In some examples, performance monitoring report includes one or more statistics associated with a set of multiple differences for at least a subset of the set of multiple performance monitoring instances.
[0160] In some examples, the first performance monitoring metric is not computed for a performance monitoring instance when none of the one or more predicted best beams from among the second set of beams is included in a set of measured beams of the performance monitoring instance.
[0161] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 720 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, the monitoring component 725 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a set of multiple first reference signals via a first set of beams, where each first reference signal included in the set of multiple first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a set of multiple performance monitoring instances, where a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked reference signal measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals. In some examples, the prediction component 730 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for identifying, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, where the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams. In some examples, the reporting component 735 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, where the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates a difference between the reference signal measurement of one or more beams of the subset of the first set of beams and a corresponding predicted reference signal measurement of the one or more beams of the subset of the first set of beams.
[0162] In some examples, the first performance monitoring metric indicates a difference between a highest reference signal measurement of the set of ranked reference signal measurements and a corresponding predicted reference signal measurement of the associated beam.
[0163] In some examples, the first performance monitoring metric indicates an average difference between reference signal measurements of the set of ranked reference signal measurements and corresponding predicted reference signal measurements of the one or more predicted best beams predicted to have the highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams.
[0164] In some examples, the performance monitoring report provides the first performance monitoring metric for each of the set of multiple performance monitoring instances, and includes one or more statistics associated with a set of multiple differences for at least a subset of the set of multiple performance monitoring instances.
[0165] In some examples, the first performance monitoring metric is not computed for a performance monitoring instance when none of the one or more predicted best beams from among the second set of beams is included in a set of measured beams of the performance monitoring instance.
[0166] FIG. 8 shows a diagram of a system 800 including a device 805 that supports performance monitoring techniques for temporal beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 805 may be an example of or include components of a device 505, a device 605, or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 805 may communicate (e.g., wirelessly) with one or more other devices (e.g., network entities 105, UEs 115, or a combination thereof) . The device 805 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 820, an input / output (I / O) controller, such as an I / O controller 810, a transceiver 815, one or more antennas 825, at least one memory 830, code 835, and at least one processor 840. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 845) .
[0167] The I / O controller 810 may manage input and output signals for the device 805. The I / O controller 810 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 805. In some cases, the I / O controller 810 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some cases, the I / O controller 810 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. Additionally, or alternatively, the I / O controller 810 may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 810 may be implemented as part of one or more processors, such as the at least one processor 840. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 805 via the I / O controller 810 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 810.
[0168] In some cases, the device 805 may include a single antenna. However, in some other cases, the device 805 may have more than one antenna, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 815 may communicate bi-directionally via the one or more antennas 825 using wired or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 815 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 815 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 825 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 825. The transceiver 815, or the transceiver 815 and one or more antennas 825, may be an example of a transmitter 515, a transmitter 615, a receiver 510, a receiver 610, or any combination thereof or component thereof, as described herein.
[0169] The at least one memory 830 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The at least one memory 830 may store computer-readable, computer-executable, or processor-executable code, such as the code 835. The code 835 may include instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor 840, cause the device 805 to perform various functions described herein. The code 835 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 835 may not be directly executable by the at least one processor 840 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 830 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0170] The at least one processor 840 may include one or more intelligent hardware devices (e.g., one or more general-purpose processors, one or more DSPs, one or more CPUs, one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more neural processing units (NPUs) (also referred to as neural network processors or deep learning processors (DLPs) ) , one or more microcontrollers, one or more ASICs, one or more FPGAs, one or more programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, one or more discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the at least one processor 840 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the at least one processor 840. The at least one processor 840 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the at least one memory 830) to cause the device 805 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting performance monitoring techniques for temporal beam prediction) . For example, the device 805 or a component of the device 805 may include at least one processor 840 and at least one memory 830 coupled with or to the at least one processor 840, the at least one processor 840 and the at least one memory 830 configured to perform various functions described herein.
[0171] In some examples, the at least one processor 840 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 830 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 840 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system (such as a series) of machines, circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include the at least one processor 840) and memory circuitry (which may include the at least one memory 830) ) , or components, that receives or obtains inputs and processes the inputs to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. For example, the at least one processor 840 or a processing system including the at least one processor 840 may be configured to, configurable to, or operable to cause the device 805 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Further, as described herein, being “configured to, ” being “configurable to, ” and being “operable to” may be used interchangeably and may be associated with a capability, when executing code 835 (e.g., processor-executable code) stored in the at least one memory 830 or otherwise, to perform one or more of the functions described herein.
[0172] The communications manager 820 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a set of multiple first reference signals via a first set of beams, where each first reference signal included in the set of multiple first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a set of multiple performance monitoring instances, where a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked reference signal measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals. The communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for identifying, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, where the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams. The communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, where the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates whether one or more of the predicted best beams has an associated reference signal measurement that is at least a threshold deviation from a corresponding reference signal measurement of one of the subset of the first set of beams.
[0173] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 820 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a set of multiple first reference signals via a first set of beams, where each first reference signal included in the set of multiple first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a set of multiple performance monitoring instances, where a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals. The communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for identifying, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, where the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams. The communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, where the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates whether at least a first beam of the subset of the first set of beams is among the one or more predicted best beams and has an associated measurement that is within a threshold deviation of a corresponding measurement of a highest ranked measurement of the set of ranked measurements.
[0174] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 820 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a set of multiple first reference signals via a first set of beams, where each first reference signal included in the set of multiple first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a set of multiple performance monitoring instances, where a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked signal quality measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals. The communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for identifying, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, where the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams. The communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, where the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates a difference between a reference signal measurement of a beam of the second set of beams that has a best predicted signal quality and a highest reference signal measurement of the set of ranked signal quality measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals.
[0175] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 820 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a set of multiple first reference signals via a first set of beams, where each first reference signal included in the set of multiple first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a set of multiple performance monitoring instances, where a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked reference signal measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals. The communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for identifying, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, where the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams. The communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, where the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates a difference between the reference signal measurement of one or more beams of the subset of the first set of beams and a corresponding predicted reference signal measurement of the one or more beams of the subset of the first set of beams.
[0176] By including or configuring the communications manager 820 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 805 may support techniques for generating one or more performance monitoring metrics for temporal beam prediction of one or more performance monitoring instances within a performance monitoring window, which may result in improved communication reliability, reduced latency, improved user experience related to reduced processing, reduced power consumption, more efficient utilization of communication resources, improved coordination between devices, longer battery life, and improved utilization of processing capability, among other advantages.
[0177] In some examples, the communications manager 820 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 815, the one or more antennas 825, or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 820 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 820 may be supported by or performed by the at least one processor 840, the at least one memory 830, the code 835, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 835 may include instructions executable by the at least one processor 840 to cause the device 805 to perform various aspects of performance monitoring techniques for temporal beam prediction as described herein, or the at least one processor 840 and the at least one memory 830 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.
[0178] FIG. 9 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 900 that supports performance monitoring techniques for temporal beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 900 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 900 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 8. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0179] At 905, the method may include receiving a set of multiple first reference signals via a first set of beams, where each first reference signal included in the set of multiple first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a set of multiple performance monitoring instances, where a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked reference signal measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals. The operations of 905 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 905 may be performed by a monitoring component 725 as described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0180] At 910, the method may include identifying, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, where the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams. The operations of 910 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 910 may be performed by a prediction component 730 as described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0181] At 915, the method may include transmitting a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, where the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates whether one or more of the predicted best beams has an associated reference signal measurement that is at least a threshold deviation from a corresponding reference signal measurement of one of the subset of the first set of beams. The operations of 915 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 915 may be performed by a reporting component 735 as described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0182] FIG. 10 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1000 that supports performance monitoring techniques for temporal beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1000 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1000 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 8. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0183] At 1005, the method may include receiving a set of multiple first reference signals via a first set of beams, where each first reference signal included in the set of multiple first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a set of multiple performance monitoring instances, where a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals. The operations of 1005 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1005 may be performed by a monitoring component 725 as described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0184] At 1010, the method may include identifying, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, where the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams. The operations of 1010 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1010 may be performed by a prediction component 730 as described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0185] At 1015, the method may include transmitting a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, where the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates whether at least a first beam of the subset of the first set of beams is among the one or more predicted best beams and has an associated measurement that is within a threshold deviation of a corresponding measurement of a highest ranked measurement of the set of ranked measurements. The operations of 1015 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1015 may be performed by a reporting component 735 as described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0186] FIG. 11 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1100 that supports performance monitoring techniques for temporal beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1100 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1100 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 8. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0187] At 1105, the method may include receiving a set of multiple first reference signals via a first set of beams, where each first reference signal included in the set of multiple first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a set of multiple performance monitoring instances, where a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked signal quality measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals. The operations of 1105 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1105 may be performed by a monitoring component 725 as described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0188] At 1110, the method may include identifying, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, where the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams. The operations of 1110 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1110 may be performed by a prediction component 730 as described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0189] At 1115, the method may include transmitting a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, where the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates a difference between a reference signal measurement of a beam of the second set of beams that has a best predicted signal quality and a highest reference signal measurement of the set of ranked signal quality measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals. The operations of 1115 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1115 may be performed by a reporting component 735 as described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0190] FIG. 12 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1200 that supports performance monitoring techniques for temporal beam prediction in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1200 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1200 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 8. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0191] At 1205, the method may include receiving a set of multiple first reference signals via a first set of beams, where each first reference signal included in the set of multiple first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a set of multiple performance monitoring instances, where a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked reference signal measurements of the set of multiple first reference signals. The operations of 1205 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1205 may be performed by a monitoring component 725 as described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0192] At 1210, the method may include identifying, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, where the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams. The operations of 1210 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1210 may be performed by a prediction component 730 as described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0193] At 1215, the method may include transmitting a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, where the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates a difference between the reference signal measurement of one or more beams of the subset of the first set of beams and a corresponding predicted reference signal measurement of the one or more beams of the subset of the first set of beams. The operations of 1215 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1215 may be performed by a reporting component 735 as described with reference to FIG. 7.
[0194] The following provides an overview of aspects of the present disclosure:
[0195] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communications at a UE, comprising: receiving a plurality of first reference signals via a first set of beams, wherein each first reference signal included in the plurality of first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a plurality of performance monitoring instances, wherein a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked reference signal measurements of the plurality of first reference signals; identifying, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, wherein the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams; and transmitting a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, wherein the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates whether one or more of the predicted best beams has an associated reference signal measurement that is at least a threshold deviation from a corresponding reference signal measurement of one of the subset of the first set of beams.
[0196] Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1, wherein the first performance monitoring metric indicates whether a reference signal measurement associated with a beam of the one or more predicted best beams that has a predicted highest signal quality is at least the threshold deviation from a highest reference signal measurement of the first reference signal measurements.
[0197] Aspect 3: The method of aspect 1, wherein the first performance monitoring metric indicates whether a reference signal measurement associated with a beam of the one or more predicted best beams that has a predicted highest signal quality is at least the threshold deviation from an n’ th ranked reference signal measurement of the set of ranked reference signal measurements of the plurality of first reference signals.
[0198] Aspect 4: The method of aspect 1, wherein the first performance monitoring metric indicates whether a reference signal measurement associated with a beam of the one or more predicted best beams that has a predicted highest signal quality is at least the threshold deviation from a worst signal quality measurement of the subset of the first set of beams.
[0199] Aspect 5: The method of any of aspects 1 through 4, further comprising: receiving configuration information that indicates a value of the threshold deviation.
[0200] Aspect 6: The method of any of aspects 1 through 5, further comprising: transmitting a capability indication that indicates a quantity of the one or more predicted best beams that can be predicted at the UE, and that indicates a quantity of beams of the subset of the first set of beams that is supported at the UE.
[0201] Aspect 7: The method of any of aspects 1 through 6, wherein the first performance monitoring metric indicates a quantity of the plurality of performance monitoring instances in which one or more of the predicted best beams has the associated reference signal measurement that is at least the threshold deviation from the corresponding reference signal measurement of one of the subset of the first set of beams.
[0202] Aspect 8: The method of any of aspects 1 through 6, wherein the first performance monitoring metric indicates a ratio of a first quantity of performance monitoring instances in which one or more of the predicted best beams has the associated reference signal measurement that is at least the threshold deviation from the corresponding reference signal measurement of one of the subset of the first set of beams and a second quantity that corresponds to a quantity of the plurality of performance monitoring instances.
[0203] Aspect 9: The method of any of aspects 1 through 6, wherein the first performance monitoring metric indicates a ratio of a first quantity of performance monitoring instances in which one or more of the predicted best beams has the associated reference signal measurement that is at least the threshold deviation from the corresponding reference signal measurement of one of the subset of the first set of beams and a second quantity that corresponds to a quantity of eligible monitoring instances of the plurality of performance monitoring instances, and wherein an eligible monitoring instance corresponds to a monitoring instance in which all the one or more predicted best beams are present within the first set of beams.
[0204] Aspect 10: A method for wireless communications at a UE, comprising: receiving a plurality of first reference signals via a first set of beams, wherein each first reference signal included in the plurality of first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a plurality of performance monitoring instances, wherein a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked measurements of the plurality of first reference signals; identifying, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, wherein the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams; and transmitting a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, wherein the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates whether at least a first beam of the subset of the first set of beams is among the one or more predicted best beams and has an associated measurement that is within a threshold deviation of a corresponding measurement of a highest ranked measurement of the set of ranked measurements.
[0205] Aspect 11: The method of aspect 10, further comprising: receiving configuration information that indicates a value of the threshold deviation.
[0206] Aspect 12: The method of any of aspects 10 through 11, further comprising: transmitting a capability indication that indicates a quantity of the one or more predicted best beams that can be predicted at the UE, and that indicates a quantity of beams of the subset of the first set of beams that is supported at the UE.
[0207] Aspect 13: The method of any of aspects 10 through 12, wherein the first performance monitoring metric indicates a ratio of a first quantity of performance monitoring instances in which at least the first beam of the subset of the first set of beams is among the one or more predicted best beams and has an associated measurement that is within the threshold deviation of the corresponding measurement of the highest ranked measurement of the set of ranked measurements, and a second quantity that corresponds to a quantity of the plurality of performance monitoring instances.
[0208] Aspect 14: A method for wireless communications at a UE, comprising: receiving a plurality of first reference signals via a first set of beams, wherein each first reference signal included in the plurality of first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a plurality of performance monitoring instances, wherein a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked signal quality measurements of the plurality of first reference signals; identifying, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, wherein the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams; and transmitting a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, wherein the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates a difference between a reference signal measurement of a beam of the second set of beams that has a best predicted signal quality and a highest reference signal measurement of the set of ranked signal quality measurements of the plurality of first reference signals.
[0209] Aspect 15: The method of aspect 14, wherein the performance monitoring report provides the first performance monitoring metric for each of the plurality of performance monitoring instances.
[0210] Aspect 16: The method of any of aspects 14 through 15, wherein performance monitoring report includes one or more statistics associated with a plurality of differences for at least a subset of the plurality of performance monitoring instances.
[0211] Aspect 17: The method of any of aspects 14 through 16, wherein the first performance monitoring metric is not computed for a performance monitoring instance when none of the one or more predicted best beams from among the second set of beams is included in a set of measured beams of the performance monitoring instance.
[0212] Aspect 18: A method for wireless communications at a UE, comprising: receiving a plurality of first reference signals via a first set of beams, wherein each first reference signal included in the plurality of first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a plurality of performance monitoring instances, wherein a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked reference signal measurements of the plurality of first reference signals; identifying, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, wherein the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams; and transmitting a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, wherein the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates a difference between the reference signal measurement of one or more beams of the subset of the first set of beams and a corresponding predicted reference signal measurement of the one or more beams of the subset of the first set of beams.
[0213] Aspect 19: The method of aspect 18, wherein the first performance monitoring metric indicates a difference between a highest reference signal measurement of the set of ranked reference signal measurements and a corresponding predicted reference signal measurement of the associated beam.
[0214] Aspect 20: The method of aspect 18, wherein the first performance monitoring metric indicates an average difference between reference signal measurements of the set of ranked reference signal measurements and corresponding predicted reference signal measurements of the one or more predicted best beams predicted to have the highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams.
[0215] Aspect 21: The method of any of aspects 18 through 20, wherein the performance monitoring report provides the first performance monitoring metric for each of the plurality of performance monitoring instances, and includes one or more statistics associated with a plurality of differences for at least a subset of the plurality of performance monitoring instances.
[0216] Aspect 22: The method of any of aspects 18 through 21, wherein the first performance monitoring metric is not computed for a performance monitoring instance when none of the one or more predicted best beams from among the second set of beams is included in a set of measured beams of the performance monitoring instance.
[0217] Aspect 23: A UE for wireless communications, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the UE to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 9.
[0218] Aspect 24: A UE for wireless communications, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 1 through 9.
[0219] Aspect 25: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 9.
[0220] Aspect 26: A UE for wireless communications, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the UE to perform a method of any of aspects 10 through 13.
[0221] Aspect 27: A UE for wireless communications, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 10 through 13.
[0222] Aspect 28: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform a method of any of aspects 10 through 13.
[0223] Aspect 29: A UE for wireless communications, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the UE to perform a method of any of aspects 14 through 17.
[0224] Aspect 30: A UE for wireless communications, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 14 through 17.
[0225] Aspect 31: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform a method of any of aspects 14 through 17.
[0226] Aspect 32: A UE for wireless communications, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the UE to perform a method of any of aspects 18 through 22.
[0227] Aspect 33: A UE for wireless communications, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 18 through 22.
[0228] Aspect 34: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform a method of any of aspects 18 through 22.
[0229] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations. The operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0230] Although aspects of an LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques may be applicable to various other wireless communications systems such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, as well as other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0231] Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0232] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, a graphics processing unit (GPU) , a neural processing unit (NPU) , an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor but, in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration) . Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a processor may be performed by multiple processors that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0233] The functions described herein may be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented using software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored as or transmitted using one or more instructions or code of a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0234] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one location to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) , or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD) , floppy disk, and Blu-ray disc. Disks may reproduce data magnetically, and discs may reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media. Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a memory may be performed by multiple memories that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0235] As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. ”
[0236] As used herein, including in the claims, the article “a” before a noun is open-ended and understood to refer to “at least one” of those nouns or “one or more” of those nouns. Thus, the terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. For example, if a claim recites “a component” that performs one or more functions, each of the individual functions may be performed by a single component or by any combination of multiple components. Thus, the term “a component” having characteristics or performing functions may refer to “at least one of one or more components” having a particular characteristic or performing a particular function. Subsequent reference to a component introduced with the article “a” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, a component introduced with the article “a” may be understood to mean “one or more components, ” and referring to “the component” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ” Similarly, subsequent reference to a component introduced as “one or more components” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, referring to “the one or more components” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ”
[0237] The term “determine” or “determining” encompasses a variety of actions and, therefore, “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, a database, or another data structure) , ascertaining, and the like. Also, “determining” can include receiving (e.g., receiving information) , accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in memory) , and the like. Also, “determining” can include resolving, obtaining, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.
[0238] In the appended figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label or other subsequent reference label.
[0239] The description set forth herein, in connection with the appended drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all the examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term “example” used herein means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration” and not “preferred” or “advantageous over other examples. ” The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some figures, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.
[0240] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A user equipment (UE) , comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:receive a plurality of first reference signals via a first set of beams, wherein each first reference signal included in the plurality of first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a plurality of performance monitoring instances, wherein a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked reference signal measurements of the plurality of first reference signals;identify, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, wherein the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams; andtransmit a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, wherein the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates whether one or more of the predicted best beams has an associated reference signal measurement that is at least a threshold deviation from a corresponding reference signal measurement of one of the subset of the first set of beams.2.The UE of claim 1, wherein the first performance monitoring metric indicates whether a reference signal measurement associated with a beam of the one or more predicted best beams that has a predicted highest signal quality is at least the threshold deviation from a highest reference signal measurement of the first reference signal measurements.3.The UE of claim 1, wherein the first performance monitoring metric indicates whether a reference signal measurement associated with a beam of the one or more predicted best beams that has a predicted highest signal quality is at least the threshold deviation from an n’ th ranked reference signal measurement of the set of ranked reference signal measurements of the plurality of first reference signals.4.The UE of claim 1, wherein the first performance monitoring metric indicates whether a reference signal measurement associated with a beam of the one or more predicted best beams that has a predicted highest signal quality is at least the threshold deviation from a worst signal quality measurement of the subset of the first set of beams.5.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:receive configuration information that indicates a value of the threshold deviation.6.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:transmit a capability indication that indicates a quantity of the one or more predicted best beams that can be predicted at the UE, and that indicates a quantity of beams of the subset of the first set of beams that is supported at the UE.7.The UE of claim 1, wherein the first performance monitoring metric indicates a quantity of the plurality of performance monitoring instances in which one or more of the predicted best beams has the associated reference signal measurement that is at least the threshold deviation from the corresponding reference signal measurement of one of the subset of the first set of beams.8.The UE of claim 1, wherein the first performance monitoring metric indicates a ratio of a first quantity of performance monitoring instances in which one or more of the predicted best beams has the associated reference signal measurement that is at least the threshold deviation from the corresponding reference signal measurement of one of the subset of the first set of beams and a second quantity that corresponds to a quantity of the plurality of performance monitoring instances.9.The UE of claim 1, wherein the first performance monitoring metric indicates a ratio of a first quantity of performance monitoring instances in which one or more of the predicted best beams has the associated reference signal measurement that is at least the threshold deviation from the corresponding reference signal measurement of one of the subset of the first set of beams and a second quantity that corresponds to a quantity of eligible monitoring instances of the plurality of performance monitoring instances, and wherein an eligible monitoring instance corresponds to a monitoring instance in which all the one or more predicted best beams are present within the first set of beams.10.A user equipment (UE) , comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:receive a plurality of first reference signals via a first set of beams, wherein each first reference signal included in the plurality of first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a plurality of performance monitoring instances, wherein a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked measurements of the plurality of first reference signals;identify, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, wherein the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams; andtransmit a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, wherein the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates whether at least a first beam of the subset of the first set of beams is among the one or more predicted best beams and has an associated measurement that is within a threshold deviation of a corresponding measurement of a highest ranked measurement of the set of ranked measurements.11.The UE of claim 10, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:receive configuration information that indicates a value of the threshold deviation.12.The UE of claim 10, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:transmit a capability indication that indicates a quantity of the one or more predicted best beams that can be predicted at the UE, and that indicates a quantity of beams of the subset of the first set of beams that is supported at the UE.13.The UE of claim 10, wherein the first performance monitoring metric indicates a ratio of a first quantity of performance monitoring instances in which at least the first beam of the subset of the first set of beams is among the one or more predicted best beams and has an associated measurement that is within the threshold deviation of the corresponding measurement of the highest ranked measurement of the set of ranked measurements, and a second quantity that corresponds to a quantity of the plurality of performance monitoring instances.14.A user equipment (UE) , comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:receive a plurality of first reference signals via a first set of beams, wherein each first reference signal included in the plurality of first reference signals is associated with a first performance monitoring instance from among a plurality of performance monitoring instances, wherein a subset of the first set of beams have associated first reference signal measurements among an upper portion of a set of ranked signal quality measurements of the plurality of first reference signals;identify, for the first performance monitoring instance, one or more predicted best beams from among a second set of beams, wherein the one or more predicted best beams are predicted to have highest signal qualities out of the second set of beams; andtransmit a performance monitoring report associated with at least the first performance monitoring instance, wherein the performance monitoring report includes at least a first performance monitoring metric that indicates a difference between a reference signal measurement of a beam of the second set of beams that has a best predicted signal quality and a highest reference signal measurement of the set of ranked signal quality measurements of the plurality of first reference signals.15.The UE of claim 14, wherein the performance monitoring report provides the first performance monitoring metric for each of the plurality of performance monitoring instances.16.The UE of claim 14, wherein performance monitoring report includes one or more statistics associated with a plurality of differences for at least a subset of the plurality of performance monitoring instances.17.The UE of claim 14, wherein the first performance monitoring metric is not computed for a performance monitoring instance when none of the one or more predicted best beams from among the second set of beams is included in a set of measured beams of the performance monitoring instance.