Motor driving system and electric device

Abstract

A motor driving system and an electric device. The system comprises: a first substrate (101) and a second substrate (102), wherein the heat dissipation performance of the second substrate (102) is superior to that of the first substrate (101); a control circuit (103) arranged on the first substrate (101) and configured to output a control signal; and a power driving circuit (104) arranged on the second substrate (102) and electrically connected to the control circuit (103) by means of the first substrate (101) and the second substrate (102), and configured to output a driving signal on the basis of the control signal, wherein a motor operates on the basis of the driving signal.

Description

Motor drive system and electrical device

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This disclosure claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202520188447.X, filed on February 6, 2025, entitled "Electric Motor Drive System and Electrical Device", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure relates to the field of circuits, and more particularly to motor drive systems and electrical devices. Background Technology

[0004] Electrical devices driven by electric motors, such as range hoods, typically include a motor, a motor drive unit, and structural components. The motor drive unit, used to control the motor, usually includes chips, transformers, power devices, and passive components, all mounted on FR1 or FR4 circuit boards. When the motor is of medium to high power, the corresponding power devices generate significant heat. Heat sinks are added to the surface of the power devices to dissipate heat, but this process is cumbersome and time-consuming, reducing the production efficiency of the motor drive unit.

[0005] Utility Model Content

[0006] The motor drive system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a first substrate and a second substrate; wherein the heat dissipation performance of the second substrate is better than that of the first substrate; a control circuit disposed on the first substrate for outputting a control signal; and a power drive circuit disposed on the second substrate, electrically connected to the control circuit through the first substrate and the second substrate, for outputting a drive signal based on the control signal, wherein the motor operates based on the drive signal.

[0007] An electrical device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: the above-described motor drive system; and a motor connected to the motor drive system. Attached Figure Description

[0008] The present invention can be better understood from the following description of specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0009] Figure 1 shows a schematic block diagram of the electrical connections of a motor drive system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0010] Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the layout of the power drive circuit on the second substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0011] Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of a first substrate and a second substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0012] Figure 4 shows another structural schematic diagram of a first substrate and a second substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0013] The features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of this utility model will now be described in detail. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a comprehensive understanding of this utility model. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this utility model can be practiced without requiring some of these specific details. The following description of embodiments is merely intended to provide a better understanding of this utility model by illustrating examples of it. This utility model is by no means limited to any specific configuration set forth below, but covers any modifications, substitutions, and improvements to elements and components without departing from the spirit of this utility model. In the accompanying drawings and the following description, well-known structures and techniques are not shown in order to avoid causing unnecessary obscurity to this utility model. Furthermore, it should be noted that the term "connected to B" as used herein can mean "directly connected to B" or "indirectly connected to B via one or more other elements."

[0014] Considering the cumbersome and time-consuming process of adding heat sinks to the power devices of a motor, a motor drive system and electrical device according to an embodiment of this utility model are proposed. In the motor drive system, the control circuit is located on the first substrate, and the power drive circuit with a large heat generation is located on the second substrate with better heat dissipation performance. The second substrate also dissipates heat from the power drive circuit, eliminating the original process of adding heat sinks to the power devices, thereby improving production efficiency.

[0015] Figure 1 shows a schematic block diagram of the electrical connections of a motor drive system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 1, the motor drive system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a first substrate 101 and a second substrate 102; wherein the heat dissipation performance of the second substrate 102 is better than that of the first substrate 101; a control circuit 103 disposed on the first substrate 101 for outputting control signals; and a power drive circuit 104 disposed on the second substrate 101, electrically connected to the control circuit 103 through the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 102, for outputting drive signals based on the control signals, wherein the motor operates based on the drive signals. In the motor drive system according to an embodiment of the present invention, the control circuit 103 outputs control signals, and the power drive circuit 104 outputs drive signals based on the control signals. Taking a three-phase DC motor as an example, the control circuit 103 outputs 6-channel PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signals as control signals, and the power drive circuit 104 can adopt a three-phase full-bridge drive structure, thereby outputting three-phase drive signals based on the 6-channel PWM signals to drive the three-phase DC motor.

[0016] Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the layout of the power drive circuit on the second substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 2, the power drive circuit adopting a three-phase full-bridge drive structure includes six power drive transistor devices and several supporting passive components. The power drive transistor devices can be IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) or MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor). The component types, component models, and component layout positions used in the power drive circuit in Figure 2 can be adjusted according to actual conditions and are not limited here.

[0017] As shown in Figure 1, in the motor drive system, the control circuit 103 is used to output control signals to realize the motion control of the motor. The motion control includes conventional motor operation, overcurrent threshold detection, back electromotive force detection, bus voltage detection, etc.

[0018] In the motor drive system of this utility model embodiment, the heat dissipation performance of the second substrate 102 is better than that of the first substrate 101, and the heat generation power of the control circuit 103 is less than that of the power drive circuit 104. By placing the power drive circuit 104 on the second substrate 102, the power drive circuit 104 can be cooled by the second substrate 102, eliminating the need to install heat sinks on the power drive circuit 104 and saving the original process of installing heat sinks on the power drive circuit 104, thereby improving the production efficiency of the motor drive system.

[0019] In the motor drive system of this embodiment, since the heat dissipation performance of the second substrate 102 is required to be better than that of the first substrate 101, the second substrate 102 can be a metal-based copper-clad laminate, specifically an aluminum substrate, a copper substrate, or a copper-aluminum composite substrate. Aluminum substrates have lower costs, further reducing overall manufacturing costs. Correspondingly, the heat dissipation performance requirement for the first substrate 101 is lower, and it can be a substrate based on epoxy resin. The heat dissipation performance of the metal-based copper-clad laminate is significantly better than that of the epoxy resin substrate. The metal-based copper-clad laminate helps to quickly dissipate the heat generated by the components mounted on it, preventing the operating temperature of the components and the substrate from rising.

[0020] In some embodiments, the motor drive system further includes a pre-drive circuit located on a first substrate or a second substrate; the control circuit is electrically connected to the power drive circuit through the pre-drive circuit, the first substrate, and the second substrate; the pre-drive circuit is used to preprocess the control signal. As shown in the schematic block diagram of the electrical connection in Figure 1, the pre-drive circuit 105 is disposed on the first substrate 101, and the pre-drive circuit 105 is connected to the control circuit 103 and the power drive circuit 104. It receives the control signal, performs signal preprocessing (such as boosting or enhancing drive capability), and then outputs the signal to the power drive circuit 104. Alternatively, the pre-drive circuit can also be disposed on the second substrate, or partially disposed on the first substrate and partially disposed on the second substrate. The pre-drive circuit may include a pre-drive chip, capacitors, resistors, and diodes. The pre-drive chip can be a separate chip or integrated with the control circuit on the same chip.

[0021] In some embodiments, the motor drive system further includes a power supply circuit located on a first substrate or a second substrate, used to provide power voltage to the control circuit and the power drive circuit. As shown in the schematic block diagram of the electrical connection in FIG1, the power supply circuit 106 is disposed on the first substrate 101. Alternatively, the power supply circuit may be entirely disposed on the second substrate, or partially disposed on the first substrate and partially disposed on the second substrate. The power supply circuit provides power voltage to the control circuit and the power drive circuit. Specifically, the power supply circuit rectifies the input AC power into DC power output, thereby providing power voltage to the control circuit and the power drive circuit. The power supply circuit can adjust the DC voltage level, i.e., output DC power at different voltage levels. For example, as shown in FIG1, the power supply circuit 106 outputs three different DC voltage levels: high voltage DC power such as 315V, lower voltage DC power such as 15V, and low voltage DC power such as 5V. The high voltage DC power is used to power the power drive circuit, the lower voltage DC power is used to power the pre-drive circuit 105, and the low voltage DC power is used to power the pre-drive circuit 105 and the control circuit 103.

[0022] In some embodiments, the motor drive system further includes a signal interaction circuit connected to the control circuit, used to perform at least one of the following actions: generating a status signal based on the control signal of the control circuit, and transmitting an instruction signal issued by an instruction input device to the control circuit, wherein the status display device operates based on the status signal, and the control circuit outputs a control signal based on the instruction signal. The status display device can represent the current working state of the motor drive system by changing its own state, specifically including a buzzer, indicator light, display panel, etc. The instruction input device is a device that receives user instructions and generates instruction signals, such as buttons, knobs, etc. As shown in Figure 1, the signal interaction circuit 107 can be disposed on the first substrate 101 and connected to the control circuit 103. After receiving the control signal from the control circuit 103, it generates a status signal based on the control signal and sends it to the status display device. The status display device will operate based on the status signal (e.g., indicator light on or off, buzzer on or off, display panel showing corresponding patterns, etc.) to characterize the current control signal. The signal interaction circuit 107 can also receive instruction signals (e.g., on, off, adjust motor speed, etc.) issued by the instruction input device and send them to the control circuit 103. After receiving the instruction signal, the control circuit 103 generates a corresponding control signal output. As shown in Figure 1, the low-voltage DC power output from the power supply circuit 106 can also power the signal interaction circuit 107. The status display device and command input device can be located on or outside the first substrate according to structural layout requirements; no limitation is made here. In some specific embodiments, the signal interaction circuit may also include an optocoupler-isolated communication circuit. This optocoupler-isolated communication circuit can effectively isolate the control circuit from the command input device and status display device while completing signal transmission, avoiding interference and damage between the two circuits and improving the circuit's safety and reliability.

[0023] In the motor drive system of this utility model embodiment, the electrical connection path between the control circuit and the power drive circuit includes the electrical connection between the control circuit and the first substrate, the electrical connection between the first substrate and the second substrate, and the electrical connection between the second substrate and the power drive circuit. Based on this, the first substrate and the second substrate are typically electrically connected via gold fingers or pin headers, and the first substrate and the second substrate are typically assembled in a through-hole or horizontal configuration. Figures 3 and 4 show two schematic diagrams of the structure of a first substrate and a second substrate according to an embodiment of this utility model. As shown in Figure 3, the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 102 are assembled in a through-hole configuration; as shown in Figure 4, the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 102 are assembled horizontally. If the second substrate 102 is located above the first substrate 101, the power circuit devices disposed on the second substrate 102 are located on the upper surface of the second substrate 102, and the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 102 are connected via a connector, which is a pin header 108. The connection between the first substrate and the circuits (such as control circuits, pre-drive circuits, power supply circuits, and signal interaction circuits) disposed on the first substrate, and the connection between the second substrate and the circuits (such as power drive circuits, pre-drive circuits, and power supply circuits) disposed on the second substrate, are similar to the first substrate and the second substrate. They can be assembled in a through-hole or horizontal manner, and the electrical connection between the two parts can be completed through gold fingers, pin headers, or other connectors. No restrictions are imposed here.

[0024] In other embodiments, an electrical device is also provided, including the motor drive system described above, and a motor connected to the motor drive system. The electrical device may also include structural components that cooperate with the motor; for example, when the electrical device is a range hood, the structural components cooperate with the motor to control the direction of the flue gas.

[0025] Furthermore, the described features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. Numerous specific details have been provided in the foregoing description to give a full understanding of embodiments of the present invention. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that the technical solutions of the present invention can be practiced without one or more of the specific details described, or other methods, components, materials, etc., can be employed. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring the main technical concept of the present invention.

[0026] Those skilled in the art will understand that the above embodiments are exemplary and not restrictive. Different technical features appearing in different embodiments can be combined to achieve beneficial effects. Based on a study of the drawings, specification, and claims, those skilled in the art should be able to understand and implement other variations of the disclosed embodiments. The appearance of certain technical features in different dependent claims does not mean that these technical features cannot be combined to achieve beneficial effects.

Claims

1. A motor drive system, characterized in that, include: A first substrate and a second substrate; wherein the heat dissipation performance of the second substrate is better than that of the first substrate; A control circuit disposed on the first substrate is used to output a control signal; and A power drive circuit disposed on the second substrate is electrically connected to the control circuit through the first substrate and the second substrate, and is used to output a drive signal based on the control signal, wherein the motor operates based on the drive signal.

2. The motor drive system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a pre-driving circuit located on the first substrate or the second substrate; The control circuit is electrically connected to the power drive circuit through the pre-drive circuit, the first substrate, and the second substrate; The pre-drive circuit is used to preprocess the control signal.

3. The motor drive system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first substrate and the second substrate are assembled in a through-hole or horizontal manner.

4. The motor drive system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first substrate and the second substrate are electrically connected via gold fingers or pin headers.

5. The motor drive system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a power supply circuit, located on the first substrate or the second substrate, for providing power voltage to the control circuit and the power drive circuit.

6. The motor drive system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a signal interaction circuit connected to the control circuit, used to perform at least one of the following actions: generating a status signal based on the control signal of the control circuit, and transmitting a command signal issued by the command input device to the control circuit. The status display device operates based on the status signal, and the control circuit outputs the control signal based on the instruction signal.

7. The motor drive system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The second substrate is a metal-based copper-clad laminate.

8. The motor drive system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The metal-based copper-clad laminate is specifically one of aluminum substrate, copper substrate, and copper-aluminum composite substrate.

9. The motor drive system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first substrate is a substrate based on epoxy resin board.

10. An electrical device, characterized in that, include: The motor drive system as described in any one of claims 1 to 9; as well as The motor connected to the motor drive system.

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