Communication method and apparatus

Abstract

The present application relates to a communication method and apparatus. A reader / writer generates first data, the first data comprising second data and a first bit sequence, the first bit sequence being generated on the basis of first information and a first part of bits, the first part of bits being located in a first check code, the first check code corresponding to first payload data, the first payload data being comprised in third data, the second data being determined on the basis of the third data, the first information being determined on the basis of a first AS ID, and the first AS ID identifying a first ambient Internet of Things apparatus. The reader / writer sends the first data to the first ambient Internet of Things apparatus. The first bit sequence may be generated on the basis of the first AS ID, and the first AS ID identifies the first ambient Internet of Things apparatus, so that the first ambient Internet of Things apparatus can verify the first data on the basis of the first bit sequence, thereby improving data security.

Description

A communication method and apparatus

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202510140928.8, filed on February 7, 2025, with the State Intellectual Property Office of the People's Republic of China, entitled "A Communication Method and Apparatus", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a communication method and apparatus. Background Technology

[0004] With the development of communication technology, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) defined the Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) technology. The devices involved in AIoT technology include readers and AIoT devices. Data transmission can be performed between readers and AIoT devices; for example, a reader can send data to an AIoT device.

[0005] How to ensure the security of this data is a problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides a communication method and apparatus to improve data security in AIoT technology.

[0007] Firstly, a communication method is provided. This method can be applied to a first device. The first device is, for example, a network-side device, also referred to as a network device. The network device is, for example, a network equipment, or other equipment including network equipment functions, or a circuit, or a system-on-a-chip (or chip), or other functional module capable of implementing the functions of the network equipment, and the chip system or functional module is, for example, disposed within the network equipment. The network equipment is, for example, an access network device. Alternatively, the first device is, for example, a terminal-side device, also referred to as a terminal device or a terminal. The terminal device is, for example, a terminal equipment, or other equipment including terminal equipment functions, or a circuit, or a system-on-a-chip (or chip, such as a modem chip, also known as a baseband chip, or a system-on-a-chip (SoC) chip containing a modem core or a system-in-package (SIP) chip) or other functional module capable of implementing the functions of the terminal equipment, and the chip system or functional module is, for example, disposed within the terminal equipment. Optionally, the first device is, for example, a reader / writer. The method includes: generating first data, the first data including second data and a first bit sequence, wherein the first bit sequence is generated based on first information and a first portion of bits, the first portion of bits is located in a first checksum, the first checksum corresponds to first payload data, the first payload data is included in third data, the second data is determined based on the third data, the first information is determined based on a first access layer identity number (AS ID), the first AS ID identifying a first environment IoT device; and sending the first data to the first environment IoT device.

[0008] In this embodiment, the first data sent by the reader to the first environmental IoT device may include a first bit sequence. This first bit sequence protects the privacy and security of the first data without exposing the original data. The first bit sequence can be generated based on a first AS ID, which identifies the first environmental IoT device. Therefore, the first environmental IoT device can verify the first data based on the first bit sequence, further improving data security.

[0009] In one optional implementation, the first check code corresponds to the first payload data, including: the first check code is obtained based on the first payload data. For example, the first check code is a CRC check code, which can be obtained by performing corresponding operations on the first payload data.

[0010] In one alternative implementation, the first checksum further includes a second set of bits, and the third data also includes the second set of bits. For example, the first set of bits of the first checksum can be used to generate a first bit sequence, and the second set of bits of the first checksum is included in the third data.

[0011] In one optional implementation, the first bit sequence is generated based on first information and a first portion of bits, including: the first bit sequence is obtained by XORing the first information and the first portion of bits. One optional method for obtaining the first bit sequence is given. Besides this, the first bit sequence can also be determined by other methods, and there is no limitation on this.

[0012] In one optional implementation, if the length L of the first AS ID is less than the length P of the first part of the bits, the first information is obtained by padding the first AS ID with M bits, where M, L, and P are all positive integers, and M = PL; or, if the length L of the first AS ID is greater than the length P of the first part of the bits, the first information is obtained by truncating the first AS ID with K bits, where K, L, and P are all positive integers, and K = LP; or, if the length L of the first AS ID is equal to the length P of the first part of the bits, the first information is the first AS ID. If the length of the first AS ID is greater than the length of the first part of the bits, the first AS ID can be truncated so that the length of the truncated first AS ID (i.e., the first information) is equal to the length of the first part of the bits. Alternatively, if the length of the first AS ID is less than the length of the first part of the bits, the first AS ID can be padded so that the length of the padded first AS ID (i.e., the first information) is equal to the length of the first part of the bits. Alternatively, if the length of the first AS ID is equal to the length of the first part of the bits, the first AS ID can be directly used as the first information. Through the above processing, the length of the first information is made equal to the length of the first part of bits, thus allowing an XOR operation to be performed on the first information and the first part of bits. The length of an information segment can be the number of bits it includes or occupies. For example, the length of the first AS ID can be the number of bits it includes or occupies; the length of the first part of bits can be the number of bits it includes or occupies.

[0013] In one optional implementation, the M bits include: Q bits in the first AS ID; and / or, N zeros or N ones; where Q + N = M, Q is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to L, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 0. If M bits are to be padded to the first AS ID, some or all of the bits occupied by the first AS ID can be padded, and / or 0s or 1s can be padded, or other information can be padded, such as default information or preset padded information, providing a flexible approach.

[0014] In one alternative implementation, the K bits are the high-order K bits of the first AS ID; or, the K bits are the low-order K bits of the first AS ID. If K bits are to be removed from the first AS ID, either the high-order bits or the low-order bits can be removed, or bits at any position can be removed; there is no limitation on this.

[0015] In one optional implementation, the first AS ID is a random number generated by the first environmental IoT device; or, the first AS ID is assigned to the first environmental IoT device by the reader / writer; or, the first AS ID is an identifier of a first resource used by the first environmental IoT device to send messages. The first environmental IoT device can obtain the first AS ID in various ways, and no specific method is limited.

[0016] In an optional implementation, the method further includes: generating fifth data, the fifth data including sixth data and a second bit sequence, wherein the second bit sequence is generated based on second information and a third portion of bits, the third portion of bits being located in a second checksum, the second checksum corresponding to second payload data, the second payload data being included in seventh data, the sixth data being determined based on the seventh data, the second information being determined based on a second AS ID, the second AS ID identifying a second environmental IoT device; and sending the fifth data to the second environmental IoT device.

[0017] In one optional implementation, the second check code corresponds to the second payload data, including: the second check code is obtained based on the second payload data.

[0018] In one alternative implementation, the second check code further includes a fourth set of bits, and the seventh data further includes the fourth set of bits.

[0019] In one alternative implementation, the second bit sequence is generated based on the second information and the third part of the bits, including: the second bit sequence is obtained by performing an XOR operation on the second information and the third part of the bits.

[0020] The first device may send data to only one environmental IoT device, for example, sending only the first data to the first environmental IoT device. Alternatively, the first device may send data to multiple environmental IoT devices separately, for example, the first device may also send the fifth data to the second environmental IoT device. The data sent by the first device to each environmental IoT device may include a bit sequence determined according to the AS ID of the environmental IoT device, as can be found in the aforementioned related content, which will not be elaborated further here.

[0021] In one alternative implementation, the first check code is a first CRC code, and the second check code is a second CRC code.

[0022] In one alternative implementation, the first portion of bits comprises 6 bits or 16 bits. Alternatively, the first portion of bits may also comprise any other number of bits, without limitation.

[0023] Secondly, a second communication method is provided. This method can be applied to a second device. The second device is, for example, a terminal-side device, also referred to as a terminal device or a terminal. The terminal device is, for example, a terminal equipment, or other equipment including terminal equipment functions, or a circuit, or a system-on-a-chip (or, a chip, such as a modem chip, also known as a baseband chip, or a system-on-a-chip (SoC) chip containing a modem core, or a system-in-package (SIP) chip) or other functional module, which can implement the functions of the terminal equipment, and is, for example, disposed in the terminal equipment. Optionally, the terminal device is, for example, an environmental IoT device, which may be referred to as a first environmental IoT device. The method includes: receiving first data, the first data including second data and a first bit sequence; obtaining a first portion of bits based on the first bit sequence and first information, the first information being determined based on a first AS ID, the first AS ID identifying the first environmental IoT device, the first AS ID being pre-acquired. Optionally, the method may further include: obtaining first payload data based on the first portion of bits and a first quantity, wherein the first quantity is the number of bits occupied by the first check code, the first quantity is obtained in advance, and the first check code includes the first portion of bits.

[0024] In one alternative implementation, the first bit sequence is generated based on the first information and the first part of bits, including: the first bit sequence is obtained by performing an XOR operation on the first information and the first part of bits.

[0025] In one optional implementation, if the length L of the first AS ID is less than the length P of the first part of the bits, the first information is obtained by adding M bits to the first AS ID, where M, L, and P are all positive integers, and M = PL; or, if the length L of the first AS ID is greater than the length P of the first part of the bits, the first information is obtained by truncating K bits from the first AS ID, where K, L, and P are all positive integers, and K = LP; or, if the length L of the first AS ID is equal to the length P of the first part of the bits, the first information is the first AS ID.

[0026] In one alternative implementation, the M bits include: Q bits in the first AS ID; and / or, N zeros or N ones; where Q + N = M, Q is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to L, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 0.

[0027] In one alternative implementation, the K bits are the high K bits of the first AS ID; or, the K bits are the low K bits of the first AS ID.

[0028] In one alternative implementation, the first AS ID is a random number generated by the first environmental IoT device; or, the first AS ID is assigned to the first environmental IoT device by the reader; or, the first AS ID is an identifier of a first resource used by the first environmental IoT device to send messages.

[0029] The first checksum is the first CRC code.

[0030] In one alternative implementation, the first portion of bits comprises 6 bits or 16 bits.

[0031] For information on the technical effects of the second aspect or optional implementations of the second aspect, please refer to the description of the technical effects of the first aspect or corresponding implementations.

[0032] Thirdly, a communication device is provided. The communication device can be the first device described in the first or second aspect above. The communication device possesses the functions of the first device. For example, the communication device has the functions described in the first aspect above; for example, the communication device includes modules, units, or means corresponding to performing the operations involved in the first aspect above. These modules, units, or means can be implemented through software, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware. The communication device is, for example, a terminal device, or other device including terminal device functions, or a chip system (or chip or circuit) or other functional module capable of implementing the functions of a terminal device, and is, for example, disposed in a terminal device. In one optional implementation, the communication device includes a baseband device and a radio frequency device. In another optional implementation, the communication device includes a processing unit (sometimes also called a processing module) and a transceiver unit (sometimes also called a transceiver module). A transceiver unit can perform both sending and receiving functions. When the transceiver unit performs the sending function, it can be called a sending unit (sometimes also called a sending module), and when it performs the receiving function, it can be called a receiving unit (sometimes also called a receiving module). The sending unit and the receiving unit can be the same functional module, which is called the transceiver unit and can perform both sending and receiving functions; or, the sending unit and the receiving unit can be different functional modules, and the transceiver unit is a collective term for these functional modules.

[0033] In one optional implementation, the processing unit is configured to generate first data, the first data including second data and a first bit sequence, wherein the first bit sequence is generated based on first information and a first portion of bits, the first portion of bits is located in a first checksum, the first checksum corresponds to first payload data, the first payload data is included in third data, the second data is determined based on the third data, the first information is determined based on a first access layer identity number (AS ID), the first AS ID identifying a first environment IoT device; the transceiver unit (or, sending unit) is configured to send the first data to the first environment IoT device.

[0034] In an alternative embodiment, the communication device further includes a storage unit (sometimes also called a storage module), and a processing unit is configured to couple with the storage unit and execute programs or instructions in the storage unit to enable the communication device to perform the functions of the first device described in the first aspect above.

[0035] Fourthly, a communication device is provided. The communication device can be the second device described in the second aspect above. The communication device possesses the functions of the second device. For example, the communication device is capable of implementing the functions described in the second aspect above. For instance, the communication device includes modules, units, or means corresponding to performing the operations involved in the second aspect above. These modules, units, or means can be implemented through software, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware. The communication device is, for example, a network device, or other device including network device functions, or a chip system (or chip or circuit) or other functional module capable of implementing the functions of a network device. This chip system or functional module is, for example, disposed within a network device. In one optional implementation, the communication device includes a baseband device and a radio frequency device. In another optional implementation, the communication device includes a processing unit (sometimes also called a processing module) and a transceiver unit (sometimes also called a transceiver module). For details on the implementation of the transceiver unit, please refer to the description in the fifth aspect.

[0036] In one optional implementation, the transceiver unit (or the sending unit) is configured to receive first data, the first data including second data and a first bit sequence; the processing unit is configured to obtain a first portion of bits based on the first bit sequence and first information, the first information being determined based on a first AS ID, the first AS ID identifying the first environmental IoT device, the first AS ID being pre-acquired. Optionally, the processing unit is further configured to obtain first payload data based on the first portion of bits and a first quantity, the first quantity being the number of bits occupied by a first checksum, the first quantity being pre-acquired, the first checksum including the first portion of bits.

[0037] In an alternative embodiment, the communication device further includes a storage unit (sometimes also called a storage module), and the processing unit is configured to couple with the storage unit and execute programs or instructions in the storage unit to enable the communication device to perform the functions of the second device described in the second aspect above.

[0038] Fifthly, an apparatus is provided, the apparatus comprising a memory and one or more processors. The memory is used to store part or all of a computer program or instructions necessary for implementing the functions described in the first aspect above. The one or more processors are executable to carry out the computer program or instructions, such that, when executed, the apparatus implements the methods in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect above.

[0039] In one possible design, the device may further include interface circuitry, wherein the processor is configured to communicate with other devices or components via the interface circuitry.

[0040] In one possible design, the device may also include the memory.

[0041] The aforementioned device may be a terminal, or a communication module in the terminal, or a chip in the terminal responsible for communication functions such as a modem chip (also known as a baseband chip) or a SoC or SIP chip containing a modem module.

[0042] Alternatively, the aforementioned device may be a network device, a communication module within a network device, or a chip within a network device responsible for communication functions, such as a modem chip (also known as a baseband chip) or a SoC or SIP chip containing a modem module.

[0043] A sixth aspect provides an apparatus comprising a memory and one or more processors. The memory is used to store part or all of a computer program or instructions necessary for implementing the functions described in the second aspect above. The one or more processors are executable to carry out the computer program or instructions, such that, when executed, the apparatus implements the methods in any possible design or implementation of the second aspect above.

[0044] In one possible design, the device may further include interface circuitry, wherein the processor is configured to communicate with other devices or components via the interface circuitry.

[0045] In one possible design, the device may also include the memory.

[0046] The aforementioned device may be a terminal, or a communication module in the terminal, or a chip in the terminal responsible for communication functions such as a modem chip (also known as a baseband chip) or a SoC or SIP chip containing a modem module.

[0047] A seventh aspect provides a communication system including a reader / writer. The reader / writer is used to perform the method described in the first aspect, executed by the first device. For example, the reader / writer can be implemented using the device described in the third or fifth aspect.

[0048] Optionally, the communication system further includes a first environmental IoT device, wherein the first environmental IoT device is used to perform the method executed by the second device as described in the second fifth aspect above. For example, the first environmental IoT device can be implemented using the device described in the fourth or sixth aspect.

[0049] Eighthly, a computer-readable storage medium is provided for storing a computer program or instructions that, when executed, cause the method performed by the first or second means in the preceding aspects to be implemented.

[0050] Ninthly, a computer program product containing instructions is provided, which, when the computer program or instructions are run on a computer, causes the methods described in the above aspects to be implemented.

[0051] In a tenth aspect, a chip system is provided, including a processor and an interface, the processor being configured to call and execute instructions from the interface to enable the chip system to implement the methods described above. Attached Figure Description

[0052] Figures 1 and 2 are schematic diagrams of two structures of the access network device in the embodiments of this application;

[0053] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the working mode of the reader and AIoT device;

[0054] Figure 4 is an AS flow diagram between the AIoT device and the reader / writer;

[0055] Figure 5 is a flowchart of the AIoT random access process;

[0056] Figures 6 to 10 are schematic diagrams of several network architectures applicable to the embodiments of this application;

[0057] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the logical system architecture of Topology 1;

[0058] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the AIoT-related processes defined under Topology 1;

[0059] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the direct connection between AIoT RAN and AIoTF under Topology 1;

[0060] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the non-direct connection between AIoT RAN and AIoTF under Topology 1;

[0061] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the logical system architecture of Topology 2;

[0062] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of a protocol stack corresponding to Topology 2;

[0063] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of direct connection between AIoT-enabled gNB and AIoTF in topology 2;

[0064] Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the non-direct connection between AIoT-enabled gNB and AIoTF under topology 2;

[0065] Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of another protocol stack corresponding to Topology 2;

[0066] Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of another protocol stack corresponding to Topology 2;

[0067] Figure 21 is a flowchart of a communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0068] Figures 22 to 24 are examples of several methods for obtaining the first bit sequence in the embodiments of this application;

[0069] Figures 25 and 26 show two examples of the reader generating the first data in the embodiments of this application;

[0070] Figure 27 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0071] Figure 28 is a schematic diagram of another device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0072] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0073] In this application embodiment, the number of nouns, unless otherwise specified, refers to "singular nouns or plural nouns," that is, "one or more." "At least one" means one or more, and "more than one" means two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, or B exists alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the related objects before and after are in an "or" relationship. For example, A / B means: A or B. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c means: a, b, c, a and b, a and c, b and c, or a and b and c, where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0074] The ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" mentioned in the embodiments of this application are used to distinguish multiple objects, and are not used to limit the size, content, order, timing, priority, or importance of the multiple objects. Furthermore, the numbering of steps in the various embodiments described in this application is only to distinguish different steps and is not used to limit the order in which the steps are performed.

[0075] The following explanations of some terms or concepts used in the embodiments of this application are provided to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art.

[0076] (1) In this application embodiment, the terminal device is a device with wireless transceiver function, which may be a fixed device, a mobile device, a handheld device (e.g., a mobile phone), a wearable device, an in-vehicle device, or a wireless device (e.g., a communication module, a modem, or a chip system, etc.) built into the above devices. The terminal devices are used to connect people, things, and machines, and can be widely used in various scenarios, including but not limited to the following: sensing scenarios, cellular communication, device-to-device (D2D) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, machine-to-machine / machine-type (M2M / MTC) communication, Internet of Things (IoT), virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), industrial control, self-driving, remote medical care, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearables, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, and terminal devices in indoor commercial scenarios (such as mobile phone screen mirroring, file sharing, and mobile phone to VR glasses). When the terminal equipment is applied to V2X, it can also be called a V2X device, such as a smart car, digital car, unmanned car, driverless car, pilotless car, or automobile, self-driving car, or autonomous car, pure electric vehicle (EV), hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), range-extended electric vehicle (REEV), plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), new energy vehicle, or roadside unit (RSU). The terminal equipment can also be a device used in D2D communication, such as an electricity meter or water meter.

[0077] Furthermore, in this embodiment of the application, the terminal device can also be a terminal device in an Internet of Things (IoT) system. IoT is an important component of the future development of information technology. Its main technical feature is to connect objects to the network through communication technology, thereby realizing an intelligent network of human-machine interconnection and object-to-object interconnection.

[0078] The various terminal devices described above, if located in a vehicle (e.g., placed inside or installed inside a vehicle), can all be considered in-vehicle terminal devices, also known as on-board units (OBUs). The terminal device of this application can also be an in-vehicle module, in-vehicle component, in-vehicle chip, or in-vehicle unit built into a vehicle as one or more components or units. The vehicle can implement the methods of this application through the built-in in-vehicle module, in-vehicle component, in-vehicle chip, or in-vehicle unit.

[0079] The terminal equipment may sometimes be referred to as UE, terminal, access station, UE station, remote station, wireless communication equipment, or user equipment, etc.

[0080] In this application embodiment, the device for implementing the terminal device function can be a terminal device, which can be a terminal device or a device capable of supporting the terminal device in implementing the function, such as a chip system. This device can be installed in the terminal device. In the technical solutions provided in this application embodiment, the example of a terminal device being used to implement the terminal device function is used to describe the technical solutions provided in this application embodiment.

[0081] (2) The network devices in this application embodiment include, for example, access network devices (or access network elements) and / or core network devices (or core network elements). The access network device is a device with wireless transceiver functionality, used to communicate with the terminal device. The access network device includes, but is not limited to, base stations (base transceiver stations (BTS), Node B, evolved Node B (eNodeB) / eNB, or the next generation Node B (gNodeB) / gNB), transmission reception points (TRPs), base stations evolved from the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP), access nodes in wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) systems, wireless relay nodes, wireless backhaul nodes, etc. The base station can be: macro base station, micro base station, pico base station, small cell, relay station, etc. Multiple base stations can support networks using the same access technology or networks using different access technologies. A base station can contain one or more co-located or non-co-located transmission and reception points. The access network equipment can also be a radio controller, centralized unit (CU), and / or distributed unit (DU) in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenario. The access network equipment can also be a server, etc. For example, the network equipment in V2X technology can be a roadside unit (RSU). The following description uses a base station as an example to illustrate the access network equipment. A base station can communicate with a terminal device, or it can communicate with a terminal device through a relay station. A terminal device can communicate with multiple base stations in different access technologies. The core network equipment is used to implement functions such as mobility management, data processing, session management, policy and billing. The names of the equipment implementing core network functions may differ in systems using different access technologies; this application does not limit this.Taking the 5th generation (5G) mobile communication technology system as an example, the core network equipment includes, for example, access and mobility management function (AMF), session management function (SMF), policy control function (PCF), or user plane function (UPF), etc.

[0082] In a CU-DU architecture, or in an open RAN (ORAN) system, access network equipment can include one or more logical network elements such as a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a CU-control plane (CP), a CU-user plane (UP), or a radio unit (RU). CUs and DUs can be separate entities or included in the same network element, such as a baseband unit (BBU). RUs can be included in radio equipment or radio units, such as remote radio units (RRUs), active antenna units (AAUs), or remote radio heads (RRHs). One possible structure for access network equipment is shown in Figure 1. In this structure, core network equipment and access network equipment can communicate via a backhaul link; within the access network equipment, CUs and DUs can communicate via a midhaul link, and DUs and RUs can communicate via a fronthaul link.

[0083] Alternatively, another architecture for the access network device can be seen in Figure 2, which illustrates an access network device implemented using a chip, such as a RAN chip. The RAN chip may include a CU, DU, and RU. The CU can perform L2 and L3 functions, etc.; the DU can perform L1 functions and some L2 functions, etc.; and the RU can perform L1 computation and radio frequency (RF) digital functions, etc. The CU communicates with the core network device through a backhaul interface, which carries the traffic between the CU and the core network device. The CU may include a central processing unit (CPU) based on x86 or ARM architecture, and may include a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), graphics processing unit (GPU), or other accelerators. The CPU can communicate with the FPGA, GPU, or other accelerators via a peripheral component interconnect express (PCIe) interface.

[0084] The CU and DU communicate via a midhaul interface, which carries the traffic between the CU and DU. The DU may include an x86 or ARM architecture CPU, as well as FPGAs, GPUs, or other accelerators, which can communicate with the FPGA, GPU, or other accelerators via a PCIe interface.

[0085] The DU and RU communicate via a fronthaul interface, which carries the traffic between the DU and RU. If the access network equipment uses an integrated DU, the integrated DU can include the functions of both the DU and RU, and the RAN may no longer need to include a separate RU. The RU may include a RAN fronthaul processing unit, a digital processing unit, and an RF processing unit. The RAN fronthaul processing unit is implemented, for example, using an FPGA or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The digital processing unit is implemented, for example, using an FPGA or an ASIC.

[0086] The RU can be connected to an antenna to communicate with the UE via the antenna.

[0087] In different systems, CU (or CU-CP and CU-UP), DU, or RU may have different names, but those skilled in the art will understand their meaning. For example, in an ORAN system, CU can also be called an open CU (O-CU), DU can also be called an open DU (O-DU), CU-CP can also be called an open CU-CP (O-CU-CP), CU-UP can also be called an open CU-UP (O-CU-CP), and RU can also be called an open RU (O-RU). For ease of description, this application uses CU, CU-CP, CU-UP, DU, and RU as examples in its embodiments. Any of the units among CU (or CU-CP, CU-UP), DU, and RU in the embodiments of this application can be implemented through software modules, hardware modules, or a combination of software modules and hardware modules.

[0088] The CU and DU can be configured according to the protocol layer functions of the wireless network they implement. For example, the CU can be configured to implement the functions of the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer and above (such as the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer and / or the Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer); the DU can be configured to implement the functions of protocol layers below the PDCP layer (such as one or more of the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Media Access Control (MAC) layer, or Physical (PHY) layer). As another example, the CU can be configured to implement the functions of protocol layers above the PDCP layer (such as the RRC and / or SDAP layers), and the DU can be configured to implement the functions of protocol layers below the PDCP layer (such as one or more of the RLC, MAC, or PHY layers).

[0089] The above CU and DU configurations are merely examples; the functions of the CU and DU can be configured as needed. For instance, the CU or DU can be configured to have more protocol layer functions, or only some protocol layer processing functions. For example, some RLC layer functions and protocol layer functions above the RLC layer can be placed in the CU, while the remaining RLC layer functions and protocol layer functions below the RLC layer can be placed in the DU. Furthermore, the functions of the CU or DU can be divided according to service type or other system requirements, such as by latency. Functions that require low latency can be placed in the DU, while functions that do not require low latency can be placed in the CU.

[0090] DU and RU can cooperate to implement the functions of the PHY layer. A DU can be connected to one or more RUs. The functions of DU and RU can be configured in various ways depending on the design. For example, a DU can be configured to implement baseband functions, and an RU can be configured to implement mid-RF functions. Another example is that a DU can be configured to implement higher-level functions in the PHY layer, and an RU can be configured to implement lower-level functions in the PHY layer, or to implement both lower-level and RF functions. Higher-level functions in the physical layer can include a portion of the physical layer's functions that are closer to the MAC layer, while lower-level functions in the physical layer can include another portion of the physical layer's functions that are closer to the mid-RF side.

[0091] In this application embodiment, the apparatus for implementing the functions of a network device can be referred to as a network apparatus. This network apparatus can be a network element, a network device, or an apparatus capable of supporting the network device or network element in implementing the function, such as a chip system. This apparatus can be installed within the network device. In the technical solutions provided in this application embodiment, the apparatus for implementing the functions of a network device is described as a network apparatus (for example, an apparatus for implementing the functions of an access network apparatus is an access network apparatus, and an apparatus for implementing the functions of a core network apparatus is a core network apparatus).

[0092] (3) Devices in the Internet of Things (IoT) system.

[0093] Currently, IoT is receiving significant attention. For IoT scenarios, reducing device size and complexity is expected to increase the number of devices that can be accommodated in the IoT ecosystem. These IoT devices can include AIoT devices. For example, the peak power consumption of AIoT devices can range from 1μW to several hundred μW; the uplink signal of an AIoT device can be generated internally, or the AIoT device needs to perform backscattering based on an externally provided carrier wave to achieve uplink transmission. In some implementations, an AIoT device with a peak power consumption of approximately 1μW (referred to as device1) does not have uplink or downlink amplification capabilities; an AIoT device with a peak power consumption of several hundred μW (referred to as device2) has uplink and / or downlink amplification capabilities.

[0094] AIoT devices can perform business with corresponding devices. In this case, the AIoT device can be called an AIoT device. The corresponding device can be called a reader, such as a network device or a UE. Here, "device" can also be replaced with IoT devices such as UE, tag, or AIoT tag; and "reader" can also be replaced with network devices or UEs such as an interrogator.

[0095] A tag can also be called an electronic tag or a tag device. For example, a tag implemented through an AIoT device can also be called an AIoT tag. In this embodiment, the tag can communicate with network devices as a terminal device. Here, "tag" is just an optional name, and the name may change; for example, "AIoT tag" may be changed to other names. This embodiment does not limit the name. For ease of description, the term "tag" will continue to be used as an example below.

[0096] AIoT can be applied to a variety of scenarios. For example, in logistics and warehousing, tags (such as AIoT tags) can be used for inventory and tracking of goods, and to monitor the status of goods during transportation. In industrial manufacturing, tags can be used to monitor the status of the environment and equipment. Furthermore, AIoT can be considered for other consumer-facing businesses, such as managing user assets. By locating tags through inventory processes or other similar processes, users can determine whether their items are lost and in what area, thereby enabling AIoT-based item retrieval.

[0097] In AIoT, AIoT devices (such as tags) and readers can communicate, as shown in Figure 3. Through communication between the AIoT device and the reader, the AIoT device and the reader can perform at least one of the following operations: inventory operation, read operation, write operation, kill or disable operation, or lock operation.

[0098] Inventory operations, also known as inventory checks, are used to obtain the identifiers of AIoT devices. For example, a reader can obtain the identifier of an AIoT device through commands such as Query and Acknowledge (ACK). Inventory operations can be used to confirm whether an AIoT device is currently within the inventory area. Taking AIoT devices as an example, to facilitate tag inventory, tags can include four session identifiers (S0 to S3), each corresponding to two inventory states, A and B, indicated by a sessInventoried flag. When a reader selects a tag, the select command sent to that tag can carry a session identifier, which the tag can store. When the reader performs an inventory operation on that tag, the query command sent to the tag will include the session identifier, at which point the tag can flip the inventory state corresponding to that session identifier from A to B. If the reader sends a query command to perform an inventory operation again, the label will not respond to the reader because the inventory status in the label is B, thus avoiding the same label being inventoryed multiple times in one inventory cycle.

[0099] Read operations can read the electronic product code (EPC) or tag identifier (TID) in the storage area of ​​an AIoT device, or read the content stored in the reserved area or user storage area of ​​the AIoT device.

[0100] Write operations allow writing to the storage area of ​​AIoT devices.

[0101] The inactivation operation can render an AIoT device permanently unusable.

[0102] Locking operations can lock the information of an AIoT device to prevent read or write operations on that device. Alternatively, locking operations can also lock the storage area of ​​an AIoT device to prohibit read or write operations on that storage area.

[0103] The above are just examples. Other operations can be performed between AIoT devices and readers, which will not be listed here.

[0104] The following describes the access stratum (AS) process between the AIoT device and the reader / writer. Please refer to Figure 4.

[0105] Step A: AIoT Paging. Based on the service request, the reader sends an A-IoT paging message, indicating the AIoT device that needs to respond.

[0106] The term "AIoT paging message" can be replaced with "(initial) trigger message" or any other name. For simplicity, no restrictions are imposed.

[0107] Step B: D2R Data Transmission. The triggered AIoT device performs AIoT device ID transmission via or without the AIoT random access procedure (e.g., contention-free resolution). For example, the AIoT device sends its ID to the reader.

[0108] Step C1: Possible R2D data transmission (e.g., for sending commands, such as read, write, lock, deactivate, sensor, etc.).

[0109] Step C2: Possible D2R data transfer (e.g., responses to commands, such as data read by a read command, success / failure feedback for a write command, etc.).

[0110] The process shown in Figure 4 above can support inventory and command application scenarios in the following ways:

[0111] For the "inventory-only" scenario, the baseline solution may include steps A and B as described above.

[0112] For the "inventory and command" scenario, the baseline scheme may include steps A, B, C1 and C2 as described above.

[0113] For the "command-only" scenario, a solution that includes steps A, B, C1, and C2 as a baseline can also be supported. Furthermore, another candidate solution supporting this scenario is as follows:

[0114] Step A': AIoT Paging. The reader sends an AIoT paging message containing commands based on the service request, instructing the AIoT device to process / respond to the commands.

[0115] Step C2: Perform possible D2R data transmission (e.g., transmit the ID of the AIoT device or a corresponding response to a command) with or without the AIoT random access procedure.

[0116] The AIoT random access procedure is described below. The A-IoT random access procedure can be used for AIoT devices to access the network for data transmission.

[0117] The AIoT random access process can be triggered by a reader / writer, which can send an AIoT paging message (refer to S401 in Figure 4) to page the corresponding AIoT device. Upon receiving the AIoT paging message, the AIoT device can execute the process shown in Figure 5.

[0118] S501, the AIoT device determines the random access type and random access resources.

[0119] The AIoT device can be the AIoT device being paged. For example, the AIoT paging message may include the identifier of the AIoT device, or the AIoT paging message may include the identifier of the group to which the AIoT device belongs, or the AIoT paging message may not include the identifier of any AIoT device, and the AIoT device receives the AIoT paging message.

[0120] Random access resources may include, for example, random access occasions. For instance, an AIoT paging message may include random access resources scheduled for the AIoT device to be paged, so that the paged AIoT device can determine the random access resources based on the AIoT paging message.

[0121] The random access type is, for example, contention-free access or contention-based random access. If it is contention-free access, S502 and S503 can be omitted, and S504 can be executed instead; if it is contention-based access, S502 can be executed.

[0122] S502, the AIoT device sends message 1 (Msg1) to the reader. Correspondingly, the reader receives Msg1.

[0123] When the AIoT device determines that the random access timing of the AIoT device has started, the AIoT device can send Msg1 to the reader.

[0124] There are two options for the content included in Msg1. In option 1, Msg1 can include a random number (RN), for example, called random number A. This random number A can be generated by the AIoT device. There are no restrictions on how the AIoT device generates the random number A; for example, it can be generated randomly, or it can be generated based on the ID of the AIoT device. There are also no restrictions on the size of the random number A; for example, it can be 16 bits, or it can be any other size.

[0125] In scheme 2, Msg1 may include upper-layer data. This upper-layer data may include the identifier of the AIoT device and / or other upper-layer data. Optionally, in scheme 2, Msg1 may include a random number, for example, referred to as random number C; or it may not include a random number.

[0126] S503, the reader sends message 2 (Msg2) to the AIoT device. Correspondingly, the AIoT device receives Msg2.

[0127] If Msg1 uses scheme 1, that is, Msg1 includes a random number (e.g., random number A), then Msg2 includes that random number, for example, referred to as random number B. If the AIoT device receives Msg2 containing random number B, and random number B is the same as random number A, then the AIoT device considers the contention resolution successful or the access successful.

[0128] If Msg1 uses scheme 2, Msg2 may include one or more of the following: a random number C, part or all of the identifier of the AIoT device, or an acknowledgment (ACK). If the AIoT device receives Msg2, the race condition is considered resolved successfully.

[0129] Alternatively, if Msg1 uses Scheme 2, S503 can be omitted; that is, the reader does not send Msg2, which can also be understood as the reader not sending a response to Msg1. If the AIoT device does not receive a signal indicating failure, reconnection, or retransmission, it is considered that the contention resolution was successful or the access / data transmission / service was successful.

[0130] S504, Data transmission.

[0131] This data transmission may include D2R data transmission and / or R2D data transmission. For example, if the AIoT device considers the contention resolved successfully, or if the AIoT device is using contention-free access, the AIoT device may send data to the reader. This data may include, for example, upper-layer data, which may include the AIoT device's identifier and / or other upper-layer data. Optionally, the reader may also send data to the AIoT device, such as sending commands, without limitation.

[0132] Ensuring data security is a problem that needs to be addressed.

[0133] Therefore, in this embodiment, the first data sent by the reader to the first environmental IoT device may include a first bit sequence. This first bit sequence can protect the privacy and security of the first data without exposing the original data. The first bit sequence can be generated based on a first AS ID, which identifies the first environmental IoT device. Thus, the first environmental IoT device can verify the first data based on the first bit sequence, further improving data security.

[0134] The communication method provided in this application can be applied to fourth-generation (4G) communication systems, such as long-term evolution (LTE) communication systems, as well as fifth-generation (5G) communication systems, such as 5G new radio (NR) communication systems, or various communication systems evolving after 5G, such as future communication systems. The method provided in this application can also be applied to Bluetooth systems, wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) systems, long-range radio (LoRa) systems, or vehicle-to-everything (V2X) systems. The method provided in this application can also be applied to terrestrial networks (TN) and non-terrestrial networks (NTN), such as satellite communication systems. For example, it can be applied to transparent satellite architectures, backhaul satellite architectures, or regenerative satellite architectures, etc., without limitation.

[0135] Figures 6 to 10 are schematic diagrams of several communication systems applicable to embodiments of this application, which are also several network topologies of AIoT technology.

[0136] Figure 6 shows topology 1. In topology 1, AIoT devices communicate directly and bidirectionally with network devices. Communication between network devices and AIoT devices includes the transmission of AIoT data and / or signaling. The network device can act as a reader / writer.

[0137] Figure 7 shows Topology 2. In Topology 2, an intermediate node exists between the AIoT device and the network device. The AIoT device and the network device can communicate bidirectionally through this intermediate node, which can transmit AIoT data and / or signaling between the network device and the AIoT device. In Topology 2, the intermediate node can be a repeater, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a UE, or other devices, enabling AIoT technology implementation. This intermediate node can also function as a reader / writer.

[0138] Figures 8 and 9 both illustrate Topology 3. In Topology 3, the AIoT device sends AIoT data and / or signaling to the network device and can receive AIoT data and / or signaling from the auxiliary node, as shown in Figure 8; alternatively, the AIoT device can receive AIoT data and / or signaling from the network device and can send AIoT data and / or signaling to the auxiliary node, as shown in Figure 9. In Topology 3, the auxiliary node can be a repeater, IAB node, UE, or other devices capable of implementing AIoT technology. The network device can function as a reader / writer.

[0139] Figure 10 shows topology 4. In topology 4, the AIoT device and the UE communicate bidirectionally. The communication between the UE and the AIoT device includes AIoT data and / or signaling. The UE can act as a reader / writer.

[0140] In Figures 6 through 9, the network device shown is, for example, an access network device, such as a base station.

[0141] Please refer to Figure 11, which is a schematic diagram of the logical system architecture of Topology 1. As shown in Figure 11, the xx interface is the next generation (NG) interface, and XXAP is the control plane protocol of the XX interface (NG interface). One possible implementation of "XXAP" is to include AIoTF information / cells in NGAP, and another possible implementation is to carry a newly defined protocol layer on top of the NGAP protocol.

[0142] The AIoT-related processes are defined on XXAP as shown in Figure 12. Figure 12 includes the protocol stack between AIoT devices, the AIoT radio access network (RAN), and the AIoT core network (CN). AIoT devices communicate with the AIoT RAN's AIoT radio protocol layer through AIoT radio protocol layers. The AIoT RAN's XXAP layer communicates with the AIoT CN's XXAP layer; the AIoT RAN's Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) layer communicates with the AIoT CN's SCTP layer; the AIoT RAN's Internet Protocol (IP) layer communicates with the AIoT CN's IP layer; the AIoT RAN's layer 2 (L2) communicates with the AIoT CN's L2 layer; and the AIoT RAN's layer 1 communicates with the AIoT CN's L1 layer.

[0143] In Topology 1, there are two scenarios between AIoT RAN and AIoTF: direct connection and indirect path via AMF. Figure 13 shows the direct connection scenario, and Figure 14 shows the indirect connection scenario.

[0144] Please refer to Figure 15, which is a schematic diagram of the logical system architecture of Topology 2. In Topology 2, the xx interface between the AIoT-enabled gNB (the AIoT-enabled base station in Figure 15) and the A-IoT CN is the NG interface. The AIoT-enabled UE (the AIoT-enabled UE in Figure 15) and the AIoT device (the AIoT device in Figure 15) communicate through the AIoT interface (e.g., AIoT radio).

[0145] AIoT-enabled gNB includes the AIoT RAN node function, and AIoT-enabled UE includes the common reader function. The common reader function refers to the ability to communicate with A-IoT devices through an AIoT interface (e.g., A-IoT radio); the AIoT RAN node function includes the ability to control AIoT radio resources.

[0146] Topology 2 supports three approaches: a radio resource control (RRC) based solution, a non-access stratum (NAS) based solution, and a user plane (UP) based solution.

[0147] solution1:RRC based solution.

[0148] The basic idea is that after the access network device (e.g., a base station) receives an AIoT service-related request from the AIoT CN via XXAP, the base station further sends the relevant information to the A-IoT-enabled UE via RRC messages. When the base station receives AIoT service-related data or signaling from the A-IoT-enabled UE via RRC, the base station transmits the relevant information to the AIoT CN via XXAP / NGAP.

[0149] For an RRC-based solution, a possible protocol stack can be found in Figure 16. Figure 16 shows the protocol stack between the AIoT device, the AIoT RAN, and the AIoT CN. The AIoT device communicates with the AIoT RAN's AIoT radio protocol layer through AIoT radio protocol layers. The RRC layer of the AIoT-enabled UE communicates with the RRC layer of the AIoT-enabled gNB, the PDCP layer of the AIoT-enabled UE communicates with the PDCP layer of the AIoT-enabled gNB, the radio link control (RLC) layer of the AIoT-enabled UE communicates with the RLC layer of the AIoT-enabled gNB, the media access control (MAC) layer of the AIoT-enabled UE communicates with the MAC layer of the AIoT-enabled gNB, and the physical (PHY) layer of the AIoT-enabled UE communicates with the physical layer of the AIoT-enabled gNB. The XXAP layer of the AIoT-enabled gNB communicates with the XXAP layer of the AIoT CN, the SCTP layer of the AIoT-enabled gNB communicates with the SCTP layer of the AIoT CN, the IP layer of the AIoT-enabled gNB communicates with the IP layer of the AIoT CN, the layer 2 (L2) of the AIoT-enabled gNB communicates with the L2 of the AIoT CN, and the L1 of the AIoT-enabled gNB communicates with the L1 of the AIoT CN.

[0150] Among them, the xx interface is the NG-C interface (i.e., the NG control plane interface). One possible implementation of "XXAP" is to include AIoTF information / cells in the NGAP, and another possible implementation is to carry a newly defined protocol layer on the NGAP protocol.

[0151] For RRC-based solutions, there are two scenarios between AIoT-enabled gNBs and AIoTFs: direct connection and indirect connection (indirect path via AMF).

[0152] (1) A direct connection diagram between AIoT-enabled gNB and AIoTF is shown in Figure 17 (in Figure 17, AIoTF can be replaced with A-IoT CN, and Nx / XX is the NG interface).

[0153] (2) The indirect path via AMF between AIoT-enabled gNB and AIoTF is shown in Figure 18. That is, the AIoT data / signaling transmitted between AIoTF and AIoT-enabled gNB is carried on NGAP.

[0154] solution 2: NAS based solution.

[0155] The basic idea is that the access network equipment (such as the base station) cannot see the AIoT-related processes. The AIoT CN and the AIoT-enabled UE transmit AIoT-related data / signaling through the DL / UL NAS packets of the AIoT-enabled UE (transparent transmission of AIoT-enabled gNB). The base station can use the DL NAS transport process and the UL NAS transport process on the NGAP to process the DL / UL NAS packets of the AIoT-enabled UE.

[0156] Figure 19 shows a possible protocol stack for a NAS-based solution.

[0157] solution 3: UP based solution.

[0158] The basic idea is that access network devices (such as base stations) can not see the AIoT-related processes. AIoT service-related data / signaling between the AIoT CN and the -IoT-enabled UE are transmitted on the PDU Session of the AIoT-enabled UE (transparent transmission to the AIoT-enabled gNB). The gNB processes the user plane data of the AIoT-enabled UE through the NG-U GTP-U channel.

[0159] Figure 20 illustrates a possible protocol stack for an UP-based solution.

[0160] The network architecture and communication process described in the embodiments of this application are for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application. As those skilled in the art will know, with the evolution of network architecture and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0161] The following describes some signaling or information involved in the embodiments of this application.

[0162] The Select message can also be replaced with a Paging message, an (initial) trigger message, an (initial) DL trigger message, or an Indication message, etc. There are no restrictions on the name.

[0163] The Query message can also be replaced with an access round trigger or indication message, etc., and there are no restrictions on the name.

[0164] The QueryRep message can also be replaced with the (next)access occasion trigger message or the / Indication message, etc., and there are no restrictions on the name.

[0165] The random number (RN) can also be replaced with a random access ID or random ID, etc. There are no restrictions on the name.

[0166] Msg2 or ACK can also be replaced with access ID response, access response, or UE / device contention resolution identity, etc. There are no restrictions on the name.

[0167] EPC can also be replaced with uplink data (UL data) or device ID, etc., and there are no restrictions on the name.

[0168] One or more of the above signaling can be carried in the media access control (MAC) layer, for example, in a MAC control element (CE), a MAC service data unit (SDU), or a MAC protocol data unit (PDU). Optionally, "MAC layer" can also be replaced with "AIoT access stratum (AS)".

[0169] A query can trigger or indicate at least one access opportunity. For example, it can directly or indirectly indicate the total number of access opportunities, and / or trigger the first access opportunity.

[0170] QueyRep can trigger or indicate the next access opportunity. It can also be understood as QueyRep indicating or associating the boundary (start or end) of an access opportunity.

[0171] Optionally, the aforementioned "access opportunity" can also be referred to as access timing or access slot, etc. Each access opportunity may allow the AIoT device to send one or more of the following messages: access (request), contention resolution, or data.

[0172] Paging can instruct AIoT devices to access the reader / writer. For example, when the reader / writer is an access network device, paging can instruct the AIoT device to access the network; or, for example, when the reader / writer is a UE, paging can instruct the AIoT device to access the UE. Optionally, if the reader / writer is an access network device, the AIoT device can access the network through the corresponding UE.

[0173] Paging can also trigger or instruct AIoT devices to send data, or trigger, instruct, or request AIoT devices to perform corresponding services. These services can include at least one of the following: paging services, inventory services, command services (such as read, write, deactivate, lock, etc.), location services, or sensing services. Paging can be triggered by a reader / writer.

[0174] RN can be used for contention resolution or to distinguish different AIoT devices during random access or contention resolution.

[0175] ACK can indicate whether contention resolution was successful. Optionally, ACK can carry a contention resolution identifier to be associated with the corresponding AIoT device.

[0176] The method provided in the embodiments of this application is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the accompanying drawings corresponding to the various embodiments of this application, all steps indicated by dashed lines are optional steps. In the various embodiments of this application, the AIoT service includes, for example, one or more of the following: inventory operation (or inventory service), read operation (or read service), write operation (or write service), deactivation operation (or deactivation service), or lock operation (or lock service).

[0177] In various embodiments of this application, the environmental IoT device is, for example, an AIoT device, or may have other names. For example, "AIoT" can be replaced with other names without limitation; this document uses "AIoT device" as an example. In various embodiments of this application, "reader" can be called a reader, a reader-writer, or a reader; this document uses a reader-writer as an example. In various embodiments of this application, unless otherwise specified, "Msg1" can refer to "AIoT Msg1", "Msg2" can refer to "AIoT Msg2", and "Msg3" can refer to "AIoT Msg3", or it can be understood that the random access procedure involved in various embodiments of this application can be an AIoT random access procedure.

[0178] The various embodiments of this application can be applied to the network architecture shown in any of the figures 6 to 10. For example, the first AIoT device described in the various embodiments of this application can be the AIoT device shown in any of the figures 6 to 10; the reader / writer described in the various embodiments of this application can be, for example, the network device shown in Figure 6, Figure 8, or Figure 9, or the intermediate node shown in Figure 7, or the UE shown in Figure 10.

[0179] This application provides a communication method, please refer to Figure 21, which is a flowchart of the method.

[0180] S2101, The reader generates the first data.

[0181] The first data may include a bit sequence, for example, referred to as the first bit sequence. The first bit sequence may be generated based on the first information and the first portion of bits. The first bit sequence may be used as a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) mask, for example, the first bit sequence may also be called a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) mask, or it may have other names.

[0182] Optionally, the first part of the bits may include some or all of the bits of the first checksum. There is no limitation on the number of bits included in the first part of the bits; for example, it can be 6 or 16, or other numbers. There is also no limitation on which bits of the first checksum are included in the first part of the bits. Optionally, the first checksum may be, for example, a CRC checksum. The CRC checksum may also be called a CRC code, CRC, CRC check information, CRC check bit, or CRC check position, etc., and there is no limitation on the name. This first checksum can be used to provide error detection for the transmission of first data (or first payload data or third data). The first part of the bits may correspond to the data to be sent, for example, called first payload data, which is the data to be sent to the first AIoT device. For example, the first part of the bits is the CRC checksum corresponding to the first payload data. Optionally, the first part of the bits may be obtained based on the first payload data. For example, performing corresponding operations on the first payload data can obtain the CRC checksum of the first payload data, and the first part of the bits may include some or all of the bits in the first checksum. This first checksum may include, for example, 24 bits, or may include other numbers of bits. The first checksum can be comprised of some or all of its bits as the first part of the bits; for example, the lower 16 bits or the lower 6 bits of the first checksum can be used as the first part of the bits. The following example illustrates one method for generating the first part of the bits. Optionally, the first payload data can be related to AIoT services.

[0183] For example, the reader divides the first payload data by a divisor, and the remainder is the CRC checksum of the first payload data, such as the first checksum. The first AIoT device divides the received information (e.g., the first data) by the same divisor. If the remainder is 0, it indicates that the first data was received correctly; otherwise, it indicates that the first data was received incorrectly. This divisor can be, for example, a generator polynomial (gcrc). The gcrc polynomial can be converted to binary; for example, gcrc6 can be converted to binary 110001, and gcrc24 can be converted to binary 11 0000 11 00 10011 00 11111 0 11.

[0184] Optionally, the first portion of bits and the first payload data may be included in one data set, for example, referred to as the fourth data set. Alternatively, the first portion of bits and the first payload data may be two separate parts, not included in one data set. In this case, the first payload data may be included in the third data set (therefore, it can also be understood that the first checksum is the checksum corresponding to the third data set), for example, the first portion of bits and the third data may be included in one data set, for example, referred to as the fourth data set; or, the first portion of bits and the third data may be two separate parts, not included in one data set. For example, if the first portion of bits includes a portion of the bits in the first checksum, then the first checksum also includes a second portion of bits, which may be included in the third data set.

[0185] Optionally, for R2D transmission, the first payload data or the third data may include R2D control information and / or R2D data on the AIoT physical layer (layer 1, L1). For D2R transmission, the first payload data or the third data may include one or more of the following: a higher-layer payload, a response sent by the AIoT device (e.g., the first AIoT device) to the reader in a contention-based access procedure, or D2R control information on the AIoT physical layer (L1).

[0186] For example, for R2D transmission, the physical channel used is the physical reader device control channel (PRDCH), which can be understood as the physical R2D control channel. The PRDCH can carry or support higher-level payloads and R2D control information on the AIoT physical layer (L1). This higher-level payload may include system information.

[0187] If the PRDCH carries or supports L1 R2D control information, the reader can add the first checksum in one of the following two ways.

[0188] Case 1: The first checksum is appended after the L1 R2D control information and R2D data. For example, the first payload data includes L1 R2D control information and R2D data, and the first checksum is appended after the first payload data.

[0189] Scenario 2: The first checksum is appended to both the L1 R2D control information and the R2D data. For example, the L1 R2D control information and the R2D data are used as the first payload data, or it can be understood as appending the first checksum to both the L1 R2D control information and the R2D data.

[0190] For example, for D2R transmission, the physical channel used is the physical device reader control channel (PDRCH). The PDRCH can carry or support one or more of the following: higher-layer payload, responses sent from the AIoT device (e.g., the first AIoT device) to the reader during a contention-based access process, or L1 D2R control information. The first payload data may include one or more of the following: higher-layer payload, responses sent from the AIoT device (e.g., the first AIoT device) to the reader during a contention-based access process, or L1 D2R control information. Optionally, a first checksum can be appended to the D2R information bits. For example, the first checksum can be appended to the first payload data.

[0191] The first information may be determined based on the first access stratum (AS) ID. The first AS ID may be the AS ID corresponding to the first AIoT device; for example, the first AS ID may indicate or identify the first AIoT device. Optionally, the first AS ID may uniquely indicate or identify the first AIoT device, or the first AS ID may only indicate or identify the first AIoT device.

[0192] Optionally, the first AS ID can also be used by the reader to distinguish or identify the first AIoT device. Alternatively, the AS ID can be used by the reader to distinguish or identify different AIoT devices. For example, different AIoT devices indicate or identify different AS IDs, thus allowing the reader to differentiate between different AIoT devices via the AS ID.

[0193] There are several possible implementation methods for the first AS ID.

[0194] As a first optional implementation of the first AS ID, the first AS ID can be a random number generated by the first AIoT device. For example, as described in S502 above, the first AIoT device can send a random number (e.g., random number A or random number C) to the reader. This random number is generated by the first AIoT device and can be used as the first AS ID. The reader, upon receiving this random number, can also determine that the random number is the first AS ID.

[0195] Alternatively, as a first optional implementation of the first AS ID, the first AS ID may be assigned by a reader / writer. After assigning the first AS ID to the first AIoT device, the reader / writer can send the first AS ID to the first AIoT device via corresponding signaling, such as Msg2, or other signaling. Upon receiving the signaling, the first AIoT device can store the first AS ID.

[0196] Optionally, the first and second optional implementations of the first AIoT device obtaining the first AS ID can be combined. For example, the first AIoT device sends a random number to the reader via Msg1. The reader may receive random numbers from multiple AIoT devices, and if there are identical random numbers (i.e., the random numbers conflict), the reader cannot distinguish between different AIoT devices by the random numbers. In this case, the reader can reassign AS IDs for each reader, for example, assigning the first AS ID to the first AIoT device. Alternatively, the first and second optional implementations of the first AIoT device obtaining the first AS ID can be disregarded. For example, the reader always assigns a new AS ID to the first AIoT device. For example, the reader always assigns a new AS ID to AIoT devices (e.g., including the first AIoT device) in Msg2. In the case where these two implementations are disregarded, the AIoT device can send a random number to the reader, and the random numbers sent by different AIoT devices may or may not conflict; or the AIoT device may not send a random number.

[0197] Alternatively, as a third optional implementation of the first AS ID, the first AS ID can be a resource identifier corresponding to the first AIoT device, such as an identifier of the first resource. This resource identifier can also be called resource indication information, etc., and the name is not limited. For example, the reader can send a first signaling message, which can indicate the resource corresponding to at least one AIoT device. For example, the first signaling message can include at least one resource identifier corresponding to the at least one AIoT device. The at least one AIoT device includes, for example, the first AIoT device, and the at least one resource identifier includes, for example, the identifier of the first resource. Optionally, the first signaling message can be, for example, a paging message, a select message, a query message, a queryRep message, or other messages, and there is no specific limitation.

[0198] The first resource can be used by the AIoT device to send messages, such as when the first AIoT device sends a message to a reader. Different AIoT devices may use different resources. Optionally, the first resource can be used by the first AIoT device for random access, such as when the first AIoT device sends Msg1; or, the first resource can also be used by the first AIoT device to send other messages or information besides Msg1 to the reader. Taking sending Msg1 as an example, the first resource may include a Msg1 time-frequency occasion index, which can indicate the random access occasion of the first AIoT device, or indicate the access occasion or time-domain resource used by the first AIoT device to send Msg1. For example, there are a maximum of 40 access occasions for Msg1 transmission, which can be distinguished using a 6-bit resource identifier. Therefore, if the first AS ID is the resource identifier corresponding to the first AIoT device, the length of the first AS ID can be 6 bits.

[0199] In addition to the methods mentioned above, the first AS ID can also be implemented in other ways, and there are no restrictions on these methods.

[0200] Regardless of the implementation method used for the first AS ID, the reader can determine the first bit sequence based on the first information and the first portion of bits. Optionally, the reader can scramble the first portion of bits using the first information to obtain the first bit sequence. Optionally, one scrambling method is to perform an XOR operation between the first information and the first portion of bits, which yields the first bit sequence. The XOR operation between the first information and the first portion of bits can be performed by XORing each bit of the first information with the corresponding bit of the first portion of bits separately. For example, the first information may include bits a0 to a0. f The first part of the bits includes bits b0 to b1. f Then the reader can perform an XOR operation on a0 and b0 to get d0; perform an XOR operation on a1 and b1 to get d1; ..., perform an XOR operation on a0 and b0 to get d0. f With b f Perform an XOR operation to obtain d f , where d0~d f It refers to the first bit sequence. For example, if the first piece of information is "011011" and the first part of the bits is "100110", then the first bit sequence could be "111101".

[0201] To perform an XOR operation between the first information and the first part of bits, both need to be of equal length. Therefore, the length of the first information is equal to the length of the first part of bits. For example, both may contain the same number of bits, such as 6 bits or 16 bits, or other bit numbers. The first information is obtained based on the first AS ID. The following describes how to determine the first information based on the first AS ID.

[0202] 1. A first optional implementation method for determining the first information based on the first AS ID.

[0203] The first AS ID is truncated to obtain the first information. For example, if the length of the first AS ID is greater than the length of the first part of the bits, this method can be used to determine the first information. In actual processing, the first AIoT device can truncate (or remove; or eliminate; or eliminate) K bits from the first AS ID, and the remaining bits in the first AS ID can be used as the first information, where K is a positive integer. For example, the length of the first AS ID is L, and the length of the first part of the bits is P, where L and P are both positive integers. L>P, then the AIoT device can truncate K bits from the L bits included in the first AS ID, where K=LP, then LK=P, and LK is the number of remaining bits in the first AS ID, which is also the number of bits occupied by the first information, so that the length of the first information is equal to the length of the first part of the bits.

[0204] Optionally, the K bits can be, for example, the high K bits of the first AS ID, or K bits can be truncated from the high K bits of the first AS ID. Optionally, the K bits can be, for example, the most significant bit (MSB) in the first AS ID.

[0205] Alternatively, the K bits can be, for example, the lower K bits of the first AS ID, or K bits can be truncated from the least significant bit of the first AS ID. Optionally, the K bits can be, for example, the least significant bit (LSB) in the first AS ID.

[0206] Alternatively, the K bits can be K bits at any position in the first AS ID. If the K bits are K bits at any position in the first AS ID, then the K bits can be consecutive or non-consecutive.

[0207] Referring to Figure 22, an example of obtaining the first bit sequence is shown. Figure 22 includes third data and a first portion of bits. The third data may include first payload data, and the first portion of bits includes some or all of the bits in the first checksum. If the first portion of bits includes some bits in the first checksum, the first checksum may also include the second portion of bits shown in Figure 22, which may be included in the third data. Figure 22 also includes second data and the first bit sequence. The second data may be determined based on the third data, for example, the third data may be the same as the second data. The first bit sequence may be determined based on first information and the first portion of bits. It can be seen that the first bit sequence can be obtained by XORing the first information with the first portion of bits. The first information is obtained by truncating K bits from the first AS ID.

[0208] For example, if the length of the first part of the bits is 6 bits and the length of the first AS ID is 16 bits, then the first AS ID can be truncated. In this case, K can be equal to 10, that is, 10 bits are truncated from the first AS ID, so that the length of the first information is equal to the length of the first part of the bits.

[0209] 2. A second optional implementation method for determining the first information based on the first AS ID.

[0210] Pad the first AS ID to obtain the first information. For example, if the length of the first AS ID is less than the length of the first part of bits, this method can be used to determine the first information. In actual processing, the first AIoT device can pad (or add; or append) M bits to the first AS ID, and the first AS ID after padding the bits can be used as the first information, where M is a positive integer. For example, the length of the first AS ID is L, and the length of the first part of bits is P, both L and P are positive integers. If L < P, the AIoT device can pad M bits to the first AS ID, where M = P - L, then M + L = P, and M + L is the number of bits of the first AS ID after padding the bits, that is, the number of bits occupied by the first information, so that the length of the first information is equal to the length of the first part of bits.

[0211] Optionally, the M bits can be supplemented at the high position of the first AS ID, or supplemented at the low position of the first AS ID, or can also be supplemented at any position of the first AS ID. Among them, if the M bits are supplemented at any position of the first AS ID, the M bits can be continuous or discontinuous.

[0212] For example, referring to FIG. 23, it is an example of obtaining the first bit sequence. The third data and the first part of bits in FIG. 23, the third data may include the first payload data, and the first part of bits includes some or all of the bits in the first check code. Among them, if the first part of bits includes some bits in the first check code, the first check code may further include the second part of bits shown in FIG. 22, and the second part of bits may be included in the third data. FIG. 22 also includes the second data and the first bit sequence, and the second data may be determined according to the third data, for example, the third data is the same as the second data. The first bit sequence may be determined according to the first information and the first part of bits. It can be seen that by performing an exclusive OR operation on the first information and the first part of bits, the first bit sequence can be obtained. Among them, the first information is obtained by padding M bits to the first AS ID.

[0213] Optionally, the M bits may include Q bits in the first AS ID, and / or include N 0s or N 1s, where Q + N = M, Q may be an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to the number of bits of the first AS ID (for example, L) (that is, the Q bits are all or part of the bits included in the first AS ID), and N may be an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to M. It can be understood that Q bits in the first AS ID can be copied at least once, and / or N 0s or N 1s can be padded in the first AS ID to obtain the first information. Optionally, the M bits can be supplemented at the high position or the low position of the first AS ID, or can be supplemented at any position of the first AS ID.

[0214] For example, the first part of the bits is 6 bits, and the first AS ID is 3 bits. The first AS ID can be copied, and the two copies of the first AS ID will each have 6 bits, which is the same as the number of bits in the first part.

[0215] For example, the first part of the bits is 6 bits, and the first AS ID is 3 bits. Three 0s or three 1s can be padded into the first AS ID so that the number of bits in the padded first AS ID is equal to the number of bits in the first part of the bits.

[0216] For example, the first part of the bits is 16 bits, and the first AS ID is 10 bits. Three bits within the first AS ID can be copied to obtain 16 bits of first information, which has the same number of bits as the first part of the bits.

[0217] For example, the first CRC is 16 bits, and the first AS ID is 6 bits. Ten zeros or ten ones can be padded into the first AS ID so that the number of bits in the padded first AS ID is equal to the number of bits in the first CRC. Alternatively, the first AS ID can be copied, resulting in two copies of the first AS ID with a total of 12 bits. Furthermore, four zeros or four ones can be padded into both copies of the first AS ID to obtain the first information, which has a bit count of 16, equal to the number of bits in the first part of the bits.

[0218] 3. A third optional implementation method for determining the first information based on the first AS ID.

[0219] Use the first AS ID as the first information. For example, if the length of the first AS ID is equal to the length of the first part of the bits, then the first AS ID can be used as the first information without further processing.

[0220] Referring to Figure 24, an example of obtaining the first bit sequence is shown. Figure 24 includes third data and a first portion of bits. The third data may include first payload data, and the first portion of bits includes some or all of the bits in the first checksum. If the first portion of bits includes some bits in the first checksum, the first checksum may also include the second portion of bits shown in Figure 22, which may be included in the third data. Figure 22 also includes second data and the first bit sequence. The second data may be determined based on the third data, for example, the third data may be the same as the second data. The first bit sequence may be determined based on first information and the first portion of bits. It can be seen that the first bit sequence can be obtained by XORing the first information with the first portion of bits. Here, the first information is the first AS ID.

[0221] Optionally, the method used to determine the first information, and the specific processing steps after adopting a certain method (e.g., the position of K bits in the first AS ID in the first implementation method; or how to insert M bits into the first AS ID in the second implementation method), can be predefined by the protocol, configured by the reader to the first AIoT device (e.g., the reader configures the first AIoT device through AIoT paging messages, select messages, query messages, or QueryRep messages), or determined through negotiation between the reader and the first AIoT device. That is, the first AIoT device can also determine the first information based on the first AS ID in the same way, thereby verifying the first data based on the first bit sequence.

[0222] In addition to the first bit sequence, the first data may also include second data, which can be determined based on the third data. For example, the second data may be the same as the third data. For instance, the bits included in the second data and the bits included in the third data may correspond one-to-one and be identical.

[0223] Referring to Figure 25, an example of how a reader generates first data is shown. The first payload data includes, for example, c0 to c0 in Figure 25. A-1 Additionally, in Figure 25, b0~b A-1 This also represents the first payload data, where A is the length of the first payload data. Optionally, the first payload data may be, for example, the information bits to be transmitted by the reader / writer. The first bit sequence may include, for example, c in Figure 25. A ~c 16 That is, Figure 25 uses a first bit sequence occupying 16 bits as an example. Figure 25 also includes a first part of bits, which includes, for example, bit b in Figure 25. A ~b 16 That is, Figure 15 takes the first part of the bits occupying 16 bits as an example.

[0224] Referring again to Figure 26, another example of how the reader generates the first data can be seen. The second data, for example, includes c0 to c0 in Figure 26. A+7 The first bit sequence includes, for example, c in Figure 26. A+B ~c 23 Figure 26 also includes third data and the first set of bits, the third data being, for example, b0 to b1 in Figure 26. A+7 The first part of the bits includes, for example, b in Figure 26. A+B ~b 23 Optional, b0~b in the third data. A-1 For the load (e.g., the first load data), b in the third data A ~b A+7This refers to the second part of the first checksum. For example, b. A ~b 23 For the first checksum, b in the first checksum A ~b A+7 Including the b in the first checksum in the third data A+B ~b 23 This is the first part of the bits. Optionally, the second data is the same as the third data. For example, c in the second data... A ~c A+7 The second part of the first check code, c0 to c0 of the second data. A-1 For the load (e.g., first load data).

[0225] The first data is the data to be sent to the first AIoT device. Optionally, the reader can send data only to the first AIoT device without sending data to other AIoT devices, in which case the reader only needs to generate the first data; or, in addition to sending data to the first AIoT device, the reader can also send data to other AIoT devices, in which case the reader can generate other data besides the first data.

[0226] For example, the reader also needs to generate fifth data, which is the data to be sent to the second AIoT device. The way the reader generates the fifth data can be similar to the way it generates the first data. For example, the fifth data may include a second bit sequence, which can be generated based on the second information and the third part of the bits. The second bit sequence is also called a CRC mask, for example, or it may have other names.

[0227] Optionally, the third part of the bits may include some or all of the bits of the second checksum. The third part of the bits may correspond to the data to be sent to the second AIoT device (e.g., the second payload data), for example, the third part of the bits may be obtained by performing corresponding operations on the second payload data. For information on how the third part of the bits is generated and its relationship with the second payload data, please refer to the previous introduction to the first part of the bits.

[0228] Optionally, the third set of bits and the second payload data can be included in one set of data, such as in the eighth set of data. Alternatively, the third set of bits and the second payload data can also be two separate parts, not included in one set of data. The second payload data can be included in the seventh set of data (therefore, it can also be understood that the second checksum is the checksum corresponding to the seventh set of data), for example, the third set of bits and the seventh set of data can be included in one set of data, such as in the eighth set of data; or, the third set of bits and the seventh set of data can also be two separate parts, not included in one set of data. The seventh set of data includes, for example, the payload (e.g., the second payload data) and a portion of bits including the second checksum. For example, if the third set of bits includes a portion of bits of the second checksum, then the second checksum can also include a fourth set of bits, which can be included in the seventh set of data.

[0229] The second information can be determined based on the second AS ID. The second AS ID can be the AS ID corresponding to the second AIoT device; for example, the second AS ID can indicate or identify the second AIoT device. Optionally, the second AS ID can uniquely indicate or identify the second AIoT device, or the second AS ID can only indicate or identify the second AIoT device. For example, different AIoT devices indicate or identify different AS IDs, thereby allowing different AIoT devices to be distinguished through the AS ID. For an explanation of the implementation of the second AS ID, please refer to the preceding description of the implementation of the first AS ID.

[0230] Regardless of the implementation method of the second AS ID, the reader can determine the second bit sequence based on the second information and the third part of the bits. Optionally, the reader can scramble the third part of the bits using the second information to obtain the second bit sequence. Optionally, one scrambling method is to perform an XOR operation between the second information and the third part of the bits, which yields the second bit sequence. For details on the XOR operation, please refer to the previous description.

[0231] To perform an XOR operation between the second information and the third part of the bits, both need to be of equal length. Therefore, the length of the second information is equal to the length of the third part of the bits. For example, both may contain the same number of bits, such as 6 bits or 16 bits, or other bit numbers. The second information is obtained based on the second AS ID. For details on how to determine the second information based on the second AS ID, please refer to the previous section on determining the first information based on the first AS ID.

[0232] The fifth data segment may include a sixth data segment in addition to the second bit sequence. The sixth data segment can be determined based on the seventh data segment. Optionally, the sixth data segment can be identical to the seventh data segment. For example, the bits of the sixth data segment and the seventh data segment may correspond one-to-one and be identical.

[0233] S2102, the reader sends first data to the first AIoT device. Correspondingly, the first AIoT device receives the first data.

[0234] If the reader generates a fifth piece of data, it can send the fifth piece of data to the second AIoT device, which can then receive it. If the reader needs to send data to multiple AIoT devices, it can send data to all of them simultaneously, or it can send data to different AIoT devices at different times. For example, the reader can send the first piece of data to the first AIoT device and the fifth piece of data to the second AIoT device simultaneously; alternatively, it can send the first and fifth pieces of data at different times.

[0235] S2103. The first AIoT device obtains the first part of bits based on the first bit sequence and the first information.

[0236] In this process, the first AIoT device can obtain the first information first. For example, the first AIoT device can obtain the first information in the same way as the reader / writer, as can be seen in the description of S2101.

[0237] The first bit sequence can be obtained by the reader scrambling the first part of the bits using the first information, and the first AIoT device can descramble the first bit sequence to obtain the first part of the bits.

[0238] Optionally, the method may further include S2104, whereby the first AIoT device obtains first payload data based on the first portion of bits.

[0239] Optionally, the first AIoT device can obtain the first payload data based on the first set of bits and the first quantity, where the first quantity is, for example, the number of bits occupied by the first checksum. The first quantity can be known in advance by the first AIoT device; for example, the first quantity can be predefined by the protocol, configured by the reader / writer to the first AIoT device, or pre-configured in the first AIoT device. For example, the first quantity is 24, or it can be other values.

[0240] Continuing with the bit determination method described in S2101, for example, if both the reader and the first device determine the polynomial gcrc, the first AIoT device can divide the first data or the second data by this polynomial gcrc. If the remainder is 0, the first data or the third data is correct; if the remainder is not 0, the first data or the second data is incorrect. Optionally, the specific erroneous bits in the first data or the second data can correspond to the value of the remainder, thus allowing the first AIoT device to determine which bits(s) in the first data or the second data are erroneous based on the remainder.

[0241] If the first data or the third data is correct, optionally, the first AIoT device may execute S2104. For example, if the first AIoT device has obtained the first data and the first part of the bits, and the first AIoT device has also known in advance that the number of bits occupied by the first check code is a first quantity, then the first AIoT device can determine the second part of the bits in the second data. For example, the first AIoT device can remove the second part of the bits from the second data, and what remains is the first payload data.

[0242] For the second AIoT device, after receiving the fifth data, it can also obtain the third part of the bits based on the second bit sequence and the second information, and then use the third part of the bits to obtain the second payload data, etc. For this, please refer to the relevant introduction on the processing method of the first AIoT device.

[0243] The above process uses the method provided in the embodiments of this application as an example of applying the R2D transmission method. That is, the data sent by the reader to the AIoT device may include a bit sequence (e.g., a first bit sequence) determined according to the AS ID corresponding to the AIoT device. In addition, the method provided in the embodiments of this application can also be applied to D2R transmission. For example, the data sent by the AIoT device to the reader may also include a bit sequence, which may be determined according to the AS ID corresponding to the AIoT device.

[0244] For example, the first AIoT device can determine information A based on its AS ID (e.g., the first AS ID). Additionally, the first AIoT device can determine a checksum A based on the payload data; this checksum A could be, for example, a CRC checksum. The first AIoT device can scramble some or all of the bits in the checksum A using information A to obtain a bit sequence A. The data A sent by the first AIoT device to the reader can include this bit sequence A. For details regarding scrambling methods, methods for determining the checksum A, methods for determining information A, and methods for the first AIoT device to obtain the first AS ID, please refer to the preceding descriptions. Alternatively, it can be understood that the way the first AIoT device obtains data A is similar to the way the reader obtains the first data.

[0245] The reader receives data A from the first AIoT device and can obtain some or all of the bits in the checksum A based on the bit sequence A and information A, thereby obtaining the payload data based on those bits. This can be understood by referring to the previous description of the processing method of the first AIoT device, or by understanding that the way the reader processes data A is similar to the way the first AIoT device processes the first data. Furthermore, the way the reader obtains those bits is similar to the way the first AIoT device obtains the first set of bits.

[0246] In this embodiment, the first data sent by the reader to the first AIoT device may include a first bit sequence. This first bit sequence protects the privacy and security of the first data without exposing the original data. The first bit sequence can be generated based on a first AS ID, which identifies the first AIoT device. Therefore, the first AIoT device can verify the first data based on the first bit sequence, further improving data security.

[0247] In this embodiment, the data sent by the first AIoT device to the reader may also include a bit sequence A. Bit sequence A can protect the privacy and security of the data sent by the first AIoT device without exposing the original data. Bit sequence A can be generated based on a first AS ID, which identifies the first AIoT device. Therefore, the reader can verify the data based on the first bit sequence, further improving data security.

[0248] Figure 27 shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a device provided in an embodiment of this application. The communication device 2700 may be the first AIoT device or the circuit system of the first AIoT device shown in the embodiment of Figure 21, used to implement the method corresponding to the first AIoT device in the above method embodiments. Alternatively, the communication device 2700 may be the reader / writer or the circuit system of the reader / writer shown in the embodiment of Figure 21, used to implement the method corresponding to the reader / writer in the above method embodiments. For example, one type of circuit system is a chip system.

[0249] The communication device 2700 includes at least one processor 2701. The processor 2701 can be used for internal processing within the device to implement certain control processing functions. Optionally, the processor 2701 includes instructions. Optionally, the processor 2701 can store data. Optionally, different processors can be independent devices, located in different physical locations, or located on different integrated circuits. Optionally, different processors can be integrated into one or more processors, for example, integrated on one or more integrated circuits.

[0250] Optionally, the communication device 2700 includes one or more memories 2703 for storing instructions. Optionally, the memories 2703 may also store data. The processor and the memories may be separate or integrated together.

[0251] Optionally, the communication device 2700 includes a communication line 2702 and at least one communication interface 2704. Since the memory 2703, communication line 2702, and communication interface 2704 are all optional, they are all represented by dashed lines in Figure 27.

[0252] Optionally, the communication device 2700 may further include a transceiver and / or an antenna. The transceiver can be used to send information to or receive information from other devices. The transceiver may be referred to as a transceiver unit, transceiver circuit, input / output interface, etc., and is used to realize the transmission and reception functions of the communication device 2700 via the antenna. Optionally, the transceiver includes a transmitter and a receiver. For example, the transmitter can be used to generate a radio frequency (RF) signal from a baseband signal, and the receiver can be used to convert the RF signal back into a baseband signal.

[0253] Processor 2701 may include a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits for controlling the execution of programs according to the present application.

[0254] Communication line 2702 may include a path for transmitting information between the aforementioned components.

[0255] The communication interface 2704 uses any transceiver-like device for communicating with other devices or communication networks, such as Ethernet, radio access network (RAN), wireless local area network (WLAN), wired access network, etc.

[0256] Memory 2703 may be a read-only memory (ROM) or other type of static storage device capable of storing static information and instructions, random access memory (RAM) or other type of dynamic storage device capable of storing information and instructions, or electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disc storage, optical disc storage (including compressed optical discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital universal optical discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.), magnetic disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium capable of carrying or storing desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and accessible by a computer, but not limited thereto. Memory 2703 may exist independently and be connected to processor 2701 via communication line 2702. Alternatively, memory 2703 may be integrated with processor 2701.

[0257] The memory 2703 stores computer execution instructions for implementing the scheme of this application, and the processor 2701 controls the execution of these instructions. The processor 2701 executes the computer execution instructions stored in the memory 2703 to implement the steps performed by the first AIoT device or reader / writer in the embodiment shown in FIG21.

[0258] Optionally, the computer execution instructions in the embodiments of this application may also be referred to as application code, and the embodiments of this application do not specifically limit this.

[0259] In a specific implementation, as one example, processor 2701 may include one or more CPUs, such as CPU0 and CPU1 in FIG27.

[0260] In a specific implementation, as one embodiment, the communication device 2700 may include multiple processors, such as processors 2701 and 2705 in FIG. 27. Each of these processors may be a single-core (single-CPU) processor or a multi-core (multi-CPU) processor. Here, a processor may refer to one or more devices, circuits, and / or processing cores for processing data (e.g., computer program instructions).

[0261] When the device shown in Figure 27 is a chip, such as the chip of the first AIoT device or the chip of a reader / writer, the chip includes a processor 2701 (and may also include a processor 2705), a communication line 2702, and a communication interface 2704. Optionally, it may include a memory 2703. Specifically, the communication interface 2704 may be an input interface, pins, or circuits, etc. The memory 2703 may be a register, cache, etc. The processor 2701 and processor 2705 may be a general-purpose CPU, microprocessor, ASIC, or one or more integrated circuits for controlling the execution of a program that controls the communication method of any of the above embodiments.

[0262] This application embodiment can divide the device into functional modules according to the above method examples. For example, each function can be divided into a separate functional module, or two or more functions can be integrated into one processing module. The integrated module can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional module. The module division in this application embodiment is illustrative and only represents one logical functional division; other division methods may exist in actual implementation. For example, in the case of dividing each functional module according to its function, Figure 28 is a schematic diagram of a device. This device 2800 can be the first AIoT device or reader / writer involved in the above method embodiments, or a chip in the first AIoT device or a chip in the reader / writer. The device 2800 includes a processing unit 2802 and a transceiver unit 2801.

[0263] It should be understood that the device 2800 can be used to implement the steps performed by the first AIoT device or reader in the communication method of the embodiments of this application. The relevant features can be referred to the embodiment shown in FIG21 above, and will not be repeated here.

[0264] Optionally, the functions / implementation processes of the transceiver unit 2801 and processing unit 2802 in Figure 28 can be implemented by the processor 2701 in Figure 27 calling computer execution instructions stored in memory 2703. Alternatively, the functions / implementation processes of the processing unit 2802 in Figure 28 can be implemented by the processor 2701 in Figure 27 calling computer execution instructions stored in memory 2703, and the functions / implementation processes of the transceiver unit 2801 in Figure 28 can be implemented by the communication interface 2704 in Figure 27.

[0265] Optionally, when the device 2800 is a chip or circuit, the function / implementation process of the transceiver unit 2801 can also be implemented through pins or circuits. Optionally, the transceiver unit 2801 may include a transmitting unit and / or a receiving unit, whereby the transmitting unit implements the transmitting function and the receiving unit implements the receiving function; or, the transceiver unit 2801 may be an integral module capable of implementing both transmitting and / or receiving functions. Optionally, the transceiver unit 2801 can be implemented using a transceiver.

[0266] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program or instructions that, when executed, implement the methods performed by the reader and / or the first AIoT device in the aforementioned method embodiments. Thus, the functions described in the above embodiments can be implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to it, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, ROM, RAM, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0267] This application also provides a computer program product comprising: computer program code, which, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the method executed by the reader and / or the first AIoT device in any of the foregoing method embodiments.

[0268] This application also provides a processing device, including a processor and an interface; the processor is used to execute the methods performed by the reader and / or the first AIoT device involved in any of the above method embodiments.

[0269] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved entirely or partially through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it can be implemented entirely or partially in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., solid-state disk (SSD)).

[0270] The various illustrative logic units and circuits described in the embodiments of this application can be implemented or operate the described functions using a general-purpose processor, digital signal processor (DSP), ASIC, field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor; alternatively, it can be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor can also be implemented using a combination of computing devices, such as a digital signal processor and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors combined with a digital signal processor core, or any other similar configuration.

[0271] The steps of the methods or algorithms described in the embodiments of this application can be directly embedded in hardware, software units executed by a processor, or a combination of both. The software units can be stored in RAM, flash memory, ROM, erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), EEPROM, registers, hard disks, removable disks, CD-ROMs, or any other form of storage medium in the art. Exemplarily, the storage medium can be connected to the processor so that the processor can read information from the storage medium and write information to the storage medium. Optionally, the storage medium can also be integrated into the processor. The processor and storage medium can be disposed in an ASIC, which can be disposed in the terminal device. Optionally, the processor and storage medium can also be disposed in different components of the terminal device.

[0272] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process, such that the instructions, which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus, provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more flowcharts and / or one or more block diagrams.

[0273] The contents of the various embodiments of this application can be referenced to each other. Unless otherwise specified or there is a logical conflict, the terms and / or descriptions between different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced to each other. The technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments according to their inherent logical relationship.

[0274] It is understood that in the embodiments of this application, the reader and / or the first AIoT device may perform some or all of the steps in the embodiments of this application. These steps or operations are merely examples. In the embodiments of this application, other operations or variations of various operations may also be performed. Furthermore, the steps may be performed in different orders as presented in the embodiments of this application, and it is not necessarily necessary to perform all the operations in the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that, The method, applied to a reader or a chip in the reader, includes: Generate first data, which includes second data and a first bit sequence. The first bit sequence is generated based on first information and a first part of bits. The first part of bits is located in a first check code. The first check code corresponds to first payload data. The first payload data is included in third data. The second data is determined based on the third data. The first information is determined based on a first access layer identity number (AS ID). The first AS ID identifies a first environment IoT device. The first data is sent to the first environmental IoT device.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first checksum corresponds to the first payload data, including: The first check code is obtained based on the first payload data.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first checksum also includes a second set of bits, and the third data also includes the second set of bits.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The first bit sequence is generated based on the first information and the first part of bits, including: The first bit sequence is obtained by XORing the first information with the first part of the bits.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, If the length L of the first AS ID is less than the length P of the first part of the bits, the first information is obtained by padding the first AS ID with M bits, where M, L, and P are all positive integers, and M = PL; or, If the length L of the first AS ID is greater than the length P of the first portion of bits, the first information is obtained by truncating K bits from the first AS ID, where K, L, and P are all positive integers, and K = LP; or, If the length L of the first AS ID is equal to the length P of the first part of the bits, then the first information is the first AS ID.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The M bits include: Q bits in the first AS ID; and / or, N zeros or N ones; Where Q+N=M, Q is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to L, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 0.

7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The K bits are the high K bits of the first AS ID; or... The K bits are the lower K bits of the first AS ID.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The first AS ID is a random number generated by the first environmental IoT device; or, The first AS ID is assigned by the reader to the first environmental IoT device; or, The first AS ID is the identifier of the first resource, which is used by the IoT device in the first environment to send messages.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The method further includes: Generate fifth data, which includes sixth data and a second bit sequence, wherein the second bit sequence is generated based on second information and a third part of bits, the third part of bits being located in a second check code, the second check code corresponding to the second payload data, the second payload data being included in a seventh data, the sixth data being determined based on the seventh data, the second information being determined based on a second AS ID, the second AS ID identifying a second environmental IoT device; The fifth data is sent to the second environmental IoT device.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The second check code corresponds to the second payload data, including: The second check code is obtained based on the second payload data.

11. The method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that, The second check code also includes a fourth set of bits, and the seventh data also includes the fourth set of bits.

12. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that, The second bit sequence is generated based on the second information and the third part of the bits, including: The second bit sequence is obtained by XORing the second information with the third part of the bits.

13. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that, The first check code is a first cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code, and the second check code is a second CRC code.

14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that, The first portion of bits includes 6 bits or 16 bits.

15. A communication method, characterized in that, The method includes applying a chip to a first-environment IoT device or a chip in the first-environment IoT device: Receive first data, the first data including second data and a first bit sequence; The first part of the bits is obtained based on the first bit sequence and the first information, wherein the first information is determined based on the first AS ID, the first AS ID identifies the first environmental IoT device, and the first AS ID is obtained in advance; The first payload data is obtained based on the first portion of bits and the first quantity, where the first quantity is the number of bits occupied by the first check code, and the first quantity is obtained in advance. The first check code includes the first portion of bits.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that, The first bit sequence is generated based on the first information and the first part of bits, including: The first bit sequence is obtained by XORing the first information with the first part of the bits.

17. The method according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that, If the length L of the first AS ID is less than the length P of the first part of the bits, the first information is obtained by padding the first AS ID with M bits, where M, L, and P are all positive integers, and M = PL; or, If the length L of the first AS ID is greater than the length P of the first portion of bits, the first information is obtained by truncating K bits from the first AS ID, where K, L, and P are all positive integers, and K = LP; or, If the length L of the first AS ID is equal to the length P of the first part of the bits, then the first information is the first AS ID.

18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that, The M bits include: Q bits in the first AS ID; and / or, N zeros or N ones; Where Q+N=M, Q is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to L, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 0.

19. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that, The K bits are the high K bits of the first AS ID; or... The K bits are the lower K bits of the first AS ID.

20. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 19, characterized in that, The first AS ID is a random number generated by the first environmental IoT device; or, The first AS ID is assigned by the reader to the first environmental IoT device; or, The first AS ID is the identifier of the first resource, which is used by the IoT device in the first environment to send messages.

21. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 20, characterized in that, The first check code is the first CRC code.

22. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 21, characterized in that, The first portion of bits includes 6 bits or 16 bits.

23. A communication device, characterized in that, The communication device includes a module for performing the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 14, or a module for performing the method as described in any one of claims 15 to 22.

24. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium is used to store a computer program that, when run on a reader or a chip in a reader, causes the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 14 to be performed.

25. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium is used to store a computer program that, when run on a first environment IoT device or a chip in the first environment IoT device, causes the method as described in any one of claims 15 to 22 to be executed.

26. A computer program product, characterized in that, The computer program product includes a computer program that, when run on a reader or a chip in a reader, causes the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 14 to be performed.

27. A computer program product, characterized in that, The computer program product includes a computer program that, when run on a first environment IoT device or a chip in the first environment IoT device, causes the method as described in any one of claims 15 to 22 to be executed.

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