Handling half-duplex collisions between dynamically scheduled transmissions in non-terrestrial networks
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-08
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
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Figure CN2026071434_13082026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
Handling Half-Duplex Collisions between Dynamically Scheduled Transmissions in Non-Terrestrial NetworksCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] The present application claims priority to US Provisional application No. 63 / 755,035, entitled "Handling Half-Duplex Collisions between Dynamically Scheduled Transmissions in Non-Terrestrial Networks" , filed on February 6, 2025 and hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure relates, generally, to dynamically scheduled transmissions in non-terrestrial networks and, in particular embodiments, to handling half-duplex collisions between such transmissions.BACKGROUND
[0003] A reduced capacity ( “RedCap” ) user equipment (UE) may report a capability that may be referred to as “type-A HD-FDD, ” where HD-FDD refers to half-duplex frequency division duplexing. A HD-FDD UE, denoted for brevity as HD-UE, is generally not capable of full-duplex communication on a serving cell with paired spectrum, i.e., an HD-UE does not generally support simultaneous transmission and reception on the serving cell. In addition, it is not expected that an HD-UE will transmit, on an uplink channel, earlier than a duration referenced as NRx-TxTc after the end of a most recently received downlink symbol. Similarly, an HD-UE is not expected to receive, on a downlink channel, earlier than a duration referenced as NTx-RxTc after the end of the last transmitted uplink symbol. Notably, the terms NRx-Tx and NTx-Rx are given the following table, which is a reproduction of Table 4.3.2-3 of Technical Specification 38.211, available from portal. 3gpp. org. SUMMARY
[0004] Responsive to determining that a dynamically scheduled downlink (DL) reception will collide with a dynamically scheduled uplink (UL) transmission, a UE may, according to a priority rule, prioritize either the UL transmission over the DL reception or the DL reception over the UL transmission. The priority rule may be a default priority rule. The network may implement a semi-static overriding of the default priority rule and define corresponding UE procedures. Indeed, the network may override the default priority rule for individual channels / signals by dynamic indication and define corresponding UE procedures.
[0005] Although it has been agreed that some specific types of collisions cannot be considered an error case for a HD-FDD UE in RRC-connected state, a priority rule for dealing with the specific types of collisions was left for further study.
[0006] Aspects of the present disclosure address a potential contradiction between agreed Case 3 collision handling procedures and potential Case 4 collision handling procedures if the latter leaves the handling of a PDSCH scheduled by Type-0 / 0A / 1 / 2-PDCCH CSS to UE implementation. Conveniently, this allows a priority rule and a UE behavior for a Case 4 collision to be determined by the UE while avoiding conflicting priorities and aligning the understanding between UE and gNB.
[0007] Aspects of the present disclosure enable network-based, semi-static overriding of a default priority rule and defining corresponding UE procedures. This may be shown to avoid imposing a consistent, fixed priority rule on all HD-FDD UEs, which may be considered to unnecessarily restrict the ability of the network to optimize the performance of different (e) RedCap UEs and / or to optimize the resource utilization the network.
[0008] Aspects of the present disclosure enable network overriding of the default priority rule for individual channels / signals by dynamic indication and defining corresponding UE procedures. This may be shown to exploit the flexibility of the dynamic signaling in Case 4 collisions by enabling the network to indicate the priority to an individual DL channel / signal or an individual UL channel / signal rather than imposing a single priority on all dynamically scheduled DL channels / signals or all dynamically scheduled UL channels / signals.
[0009] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a half-duplex communication method. The method includes determining that a dynamically scheduled downlink (DL) reception will collide with a dynamically scheduled uplink (UL) transmission and prioritizing when a first condition is met, according to a priority rule either the UL transmission over the DL reception or the DL reception over the UL transmission.
[0010] The first condition may be that the DL reception includes at least one of physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) reception scheduled by a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) other than a PDCCH in a common search space (CSS) with at least one of Type0, Type0A, Type1 or Type2.
[0011] The method may include monitoring for a system information change indication in a paging occasion on an active bandwidth part.
[0012] When a second condition is met, the DL reception may be prioritized to the dynamically scheduled UL transmission. The second condition may be that the DL reception comprises a PDSCH reception, wherein the PDSCH reception is scheduled by a PDCCH in a CSS with at least one of Type0, Type0A, Type1 or Type2, or that the DL reception comprises a PDSCH reception, wherein the PDSCH reception is scheduled by a PDCCH in a CSS with at least one of Type0, Type0A, Type1 or Type2, and a DL reception of the PDCCH has been prioritized over a colliding UL transmission earlier than the dynamically scheduled UL transmission.
[0013] The method may include receiving an indication of an overriding priority rule, wherein the overriding priority rule is different from the priority rule. Responsive to the receiving, the method may include employing the overriding priority rule.
[0014] The receiving may include receiving a higher layer parameter. The higher layer parameter may indicate that the overriding priority rule is used for individual dynamically scheduled DL reception or dynamically UL transmission according to a priority indication in a respective scheduling downlink control information (DCI) . The higher layer parameter may be a user equipment specific higher layer parameter. The higher layer parameter may be a cell specific higher layer parameter.
[0015] The receiving may include receiving a radio resource control configuration. The receiving may include receiving a media access control control element. The receiving may include receiving dedicated signaling. The receiving may include receiving cell common signaling.
[0016] The priority rule may be a default rule.
[0017] When a third condition is met, the method may include either performing the DL reception or UL transmission based on user equipment implementation, where the third condition includes that the DL reception includes at least one of PDSCH reception scheduled by a PDCCH other than a PDCCH in a CSS with at least one of Type0, Type0A, Type1 or Type2.
[0018] According to a further aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a half-duplex communication method. The method includes determining that a dynamically scheduled physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) reception will collide with a dynamically scheduled uplink (UL) transmission and, when a condition is met, either performing the PDSCH reception or performing the UL transmission, based on user equipment implementation, where the condition includes the PDSCH reception has been scheduled by a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) in a common search space (CSS) with at least one of Type0, Type0A, Type1 or Type2.
[0019] According to other aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided a communication apparatus configured to perform one of these methods and an apparatus including one or more processors and a memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform one of these methods.
[0020] According to other aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform one of these methods and a computer program product storing instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform one of these methods.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] For a more complete understanding of the present embodiments, and the advantages thereof, reference is now made, by way of example, to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0022] FIG. 1 illustrates, in a schematic diagram, a communication system in which embodiments of the disclosure may occur, the communication system includes multiple example electronic devices and multiple example transmit receive points along with various networks.
[0023] FIG. 2 illustrates, in a block diagram, the communication system of FIG. 1, the communication system includes multiple example electronic devices, an example terrestrial transmit receive point and an example non-terrestrial transmit receive point along with various networks.
[0024] FIG. 3 illustrates, as a block diagram, an example of an apparatus wirelessly communicating with another apparatus in the communication system of FIG. 1, in accordance with aspects of the present application.
[0025] FIG. 4 illustrates, as a block diagram, an example of an apparatus that may be a communication device or an apparatus implemented in a communication device in the communication system of FIG. 1, in accordance with aspects of the present application.
[0026] FIG. 5 illustrates, as a block diagram, an example apparatus that may include corresponding modules or units configured to implement methods and / or embodiments described herein, in accordance with aspects of the present application.
[0027] FIG. 6 illustrates an example network in which terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) are communicating with non-terrestrial TRPs (NT-TRPs) that are part of a satellite constellation, in accordance with aspects of the present application.
[0028] FIG. 7 illustrates an example network in which the satellite constellation effectively acts as the gateway for the T-TRPs on the ground, in accordance with aspects of the present application.
[0029] FIG. 8 illustrates an example network in which the NT-TRPs communicate with the T-TRPs through a core network, in accordance with aspects of the present application.
[0030] FIG. 9 illustrates an offset between an uplink frame and a downlink frame.
[0031] FIG. 10 illustrates a non-terrestrial network wherein a user equipment experiences a two-way transmission delay between an uplink time synchronization reference point and a serving satellite.
[0032] FIG. 11 illustrates two example TAR-Config information elements, in accordance with aspects of the present application.
[0033] FIG. 12 illustrates that, in a situation wherein a gNB schedules or configures resources for downlink transmissions and uplink transmissions, some collision cases for the non-terrestrial network scenario may occur at the UE side without the gNB being aware of such collisions.
[0034] FIG. 13 illustrates a non-terrestrial network (NTN) providing non-terrestrial NR access to a UE by means of an NTN payload and an NTN Gateway, in accordance with aspects of the present application.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0035] For illustrative purposes, specific example embodiments will now be explained in greater detail in conjunction with the figures.
[0036] The embodiments set forth herein represent information sufficient to practice the claimed subject matter and illustrate ways of practicing such subject matter. Upon reading the following description in light of the accompanying figures, those of skill in the art will understand the concepts of the claimed subject matter and will recognize applications of these concepts not particularly addressed herein. It should be understood that these concepts and applications fall within the scope of the disclosure and the accompanying claims.
[0037] Moreover, it will be appreciated that any module, component, or device disclosed herein that executes instructions may include, or otherwise have access to, a non-transitory computer / processor readable storage medium or media for storage of information, such as computer / processor readable instructions, data structures, program modules and / or other data. A non-exhaustive list of examples of non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media includes magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, optical disks such as compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , digital video discs or digital versatile discs (i.e., DVDs) , Blu-ray DiscTM, or other optical storage, volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology, random-access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , flash memory or other memory technology. Any such non-transitory computer / processor storage media may be part of a device / apparatus or accessible or connectable thereto. Computer / processor readable / executable instructions to implement a method, an application or a module described herein may be stored or otherwise held by such non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media.
[0038] Referring to FIG. 1, as an illustrative example, a simplified schematic illustration of a communication system is provided. The communication system 100 may comprise a radio access network 120. The radio access network (RAN) 120 may be a next generation (e.g., sixth generation (6G) or later) radio access network, or a legacy (e.g., fifth generation (5G) , fourth generation (4G) , third generation (3G) or second generation (2G) ) radio access network. The RAN 120 may be a network using other radio access technology. In some implementations, 6G radio access refers to a next generation air interface of standards which may comprise both terrestrial networks (TNs) and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) , and more details will be described below. One or more communication electronic device (ED) 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d, 110e, 110f, 110g, 110h, 110i, 110j (generically referred to as 110) may be interconnected to one another or connected to one or more network nodes 170a, 170b (generically referred to as 170) , in the RAN 120. A core network (CN) 130 may be a part of the communication system and may be dependent or independent of the radio access technology used in the communication system 100. The communication system 100 may also comprise a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the internet 150, and other networks 160.
[0039] In general, the communication system 100 enables communication of multiple wireless or wired elements. The communication system 100 may provide content, such as voice, data, video and / or text, via broadcast, multicast, groupcast and unicast, etc. The communication system 100 may operate by sharing resources, such as carrier spectrum bandwidth, among its constituent elements. The communication system 100 may provide a wide range of communication services and applications including enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services, ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) services, massive machine type communication (mMTC) services, integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) , immersive communication, massive communication, Hyper reliable and low-latency communication, ubiquitous connectivity, integrated AI and communication, and other services that can be provided by a future generation communication system. The communication system 100 may provide other applications (such as earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc. ) . The communication system 100 may include a terrestrial communication system (or network) and / or a non-terrestrial communication system (or network) . The communication system 100 may provide a high degree of availability and robustness through a joint operation of a terrestrial communication system and a non-terrestrial communication system. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or components thereof) into a terrestrial communication system can result in a heterogeneous network comprising multiple layers. The heterogeneous network may achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible functionality sharing and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial networks and non-terrestrial networks. The terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system could be considered sub-systems of the communication system 100.
[0040] FIG. 2 illustrates another example for the communication system 100. As described earlier, the communication system 100 may include EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d (generically referred to as ED 110) , RANs 120a, 120b, and one or more of a CN 130, a PSTN 140, the Internet 150 and other networks 160. In addition, the communication system 100 may also include a non-terrestrial network (NTN) 120c. The RANs 120a, 120b may include respective network nodes 170a, 170b such as base stations 170a, 170b, which may be generically referred to as terrestrial network (TN) devices or terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a, 170b (generically referred to as 170) . As referred to herein, the terms “TRP” and “base station” may be used interchangeably unless explicitly noted otherwise in a given example or section. For brevity, this disclosure may primarily refer to base station; however, absent an explicit limitation, references to TRP are merely non-limiting instances of interchangeable use. The T-TRPs 170a, 170b may be base stations mounted on a building or tower. In one implementation, the NTN 170c includes a RAN node such as base station 172, which may be generically referred to as an NTN device, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, or a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) 172. In some implementations, the NT-TRP 172 is not attached to ground, for example, in the case of an airborne base station. An airborne base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a flying device. For example, a flying device may include an airborne platform (e.g., a blimp or an airship) , balloon, drone (e.g., quadcopter) , and other types of aerial vehicles. In some implementations, an airborne base station may be supported or carried by an unmanned aerial system (UAS) or an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , such as a drone. An airborne base station may be a moveable or mobile base station that can be flexibly deployed in different locations to meet demand. A satellite base station is another example of a non-terrestrial base station. A satellite base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a satellite. A satellite base station may also be referred to as an orbiting base station. High altitude platforms are yet another example of non-terrestrial base stations, including international mobile telecommunication base stations.
[0041] As referred to herein, and unless specified otherwise, a “TRP” may also refer to a T-TRP or an NT-TRP, a “T-TRP” may also refer to a “TN TRP” , and an “NT-TRP” may also refer to an “NTN TRP” . The NTN 120c may be considered to be a radio access network (RAN) , with operational aspects in common with the RANs 120a, 120b. The NTN 120c may include at least one NTN device and at least one corresponding terrestrial network device. The at least one NTN device may function as a transport layer device and the at least one corresponding terrestrial network device may function as a RAN node, which communicates with the ED 110 via the non-terrestrial network device. In addition, there may be an NTN gateway on the ground (i.e., referred to as a terrestrial network device) that also functions as a transport layer device to communicate with both the NTN device and the RAN node. The RAN node may communicate with the ED 110 via the NTN device and the NTN gateway. In some implementations, the NTN gateway and the RAN node may be located in the same device.
[0042] A base station (also referred to as a TRP as stated above) 170 may be a network element in radio access network responsible for radio transmission and reception in one or more cells to or from the user equipment. The base station 170 may be may be referred to by other names in some implementations, such as a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , a wireless router, a relay station, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, a terrestrial base station, a positioning node, among other possibilities. The base station 170 may be a macro base station (BS) , a pico BS, a relay node, a donor node, or the like, or combinations thereof. When a base station 170 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the base station, one or more modules (or units) in the base station, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, may perform the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the base station.
[0043] The EDs 110a-110d and TRPs 170a-170b, 172 are examples of communication equipment that can be configured to implement some or all of the operations and / or embodiments described herein. The T-TRP 170a forms part of the RAN 120a, which may include other TRPs, and / or other devices. Also, the TRP 170b forms part of the RAN 120b, which may include other TRPs, and / or devices. Each TRP 170a, 170b may transmit and / or receive wireless signals within a particular geographic region or area, sometimes referred to as a “cell” or “coverage area” . The TRPs 170a-170b may be responsible for allocating and / or configuring resources and transmission and / or reception in a set of cells. A cell may be a Radio network object that can be uniquely identified from a (cell) identification that is broadcasted over a geographical region or area from base stations associated with the cell. A cell can be either FDD or TDD mode. A cell may also refer to the carrier frequencies within the DL / UL carrier bandwidth resources of a single standalone carrier or a component carrier in a carrier aggregation mode. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors, and a base station 170a-170b may, for example, employ multiple transceivers to provide service to multiple sectors. In some implementations, there may be established pico or femto cells where the radio access technology supports such. In some implementations, multiple transceivers could be used for each cell, for example using multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology. The number of RAN 120a-120b shown is an example only. Any number of RAN may be contemplated when devising the communication system 100.
[0044] Any base station may be a single element, as shown, or multiple elements, distributed in the corresponding RAN, or otherwise. In some implementations, a plurality of RAN nodes coordinate to assist the ED 110 in implementing radio access, and different RAN nodes separately implement different functions of the base station. For example, the RAN node may be a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a CU-control plane (CP) , a CU-user plane (UP) , or a radio unit (RU) etc. The CU and the DU may be separately deployed, or may be included in a same element (i.e., a baseband unit (BBU) ) . The RU may be included in a radio frequency device or a radio frequency unit (i.e., a remote radio unit (RRU) , an active antenna unit (AAU) , or a remote radio head (RRH) ) . In different systems, the CU (or the CU-CP and the CU-UP) , the DU, or the RU may also have different names, but a person skilled in the art may understand meanings thereof. For example, in an open radio access network (ORAN) system, a CU may also be referred to as an open CU (O-CU) , a DU may also be referred to as an open DU (O-DU) , and a CU-CP may also be referred to as an open CU-CP (O-CU-CP) . The CU-UP may also be referred to as an open CU-UP (O-CU-UP) , and the RU may also be referred to as an open RU (O-RU) . Any one of the CU (or the CU-CP, the CU-UP) , the DU, and the RU may be implemented by using a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module.
[0045] Further, communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses in various embodiments of this application may refer to direct communication between different devices / apparatuses (that is, no forwarding is required by another device / apparatuses) , or may refer to communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses via another device / apparatus (that is, forwarding is required by another device / apparatus) . Alternatively, such further communication (s) may refer to that a functional unit inside the device / apparatus uses another functional unit in the device / apparatus to communicate with another device / apparatus. In other words, “sending (or transmitting) information to. . . (an ED or a base station) ” in this application may be understood as that a destination endpoint of the information is an ED or a base station. It may include sending / transmitting information directly or indirectly to an ED or a base station. Similarly, “receiving information from. . . (an ED or a base station) ” may be understood as that a source endpoint of the information is an ED or a base station, and may include directly or indirectly receiving information from an ED or a base station. Necessary processing such as format conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, amplification, and filtering may be performed on the information between the source endpoint that sends the information and the destination endpoint. However, the destination endpoint may understand valid information from the source endpoint. Similar descriptions in this application may be understood similarly. Details are not described herein again. In the present disclosure, the terms “send” and “transmit” may be used interchangeably in embodiments of this application.
[0046] The ED 110 is used to connect persons, objects, machines, etc. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios including, for example, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , MTC, internet of things (IoT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc.
[0047] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to but not limited to) as a user equipment (UE) or a user device or a terminal device, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , a MTC device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment, etc. ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus in (e.g., module, modem, or chip) or comprising the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation EDs 110 may be referred to using other terms. When an ED 110 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the ED, one or more module (or units) in the ED, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, may perform the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, or system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the ED.
[0048] Each ED 110 connected to TRPs 170a-170b, and / or TRPs 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned-on (i.e., established, activated or enabled) , turned-off (i.e., released, deactivated or disabled) and / or configured in response to one of more of: connection availability; and connection necessity.
[0049] Any ED 110 may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any TRP 170a, 170b and 172, the Internet 150, the CN 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination of the preceding. In some examples, the ED 110a may communicate an uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL) transmission over a terrestrial air interface 190a with a station-TRP 170a. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110b, 110c and 110d may also communicate directly with one another via one or more sidelink (SL) air interfaces 190b. In some examples, the ED 110d may communicate a UL and / or a DL transmission over a non-terrestrial air interface 190c with the NT-TRP 172.
[0050] An air interface (e.g., 190a, 190b, 190c) generally includes a number of components and associated parameters that collectively specify how a transmission is to be sent and / or received over a wireless communications link between two or more communicating devices such as ED and base station. For example, an air interface may include one or more components defining the waveform (s) , frame structure (s) , multiple access scheme (s) , protocol (s) , coding scheme (s) and / or modulation scheme (s) for conveying information (e.g., data) over a wireless communications link. The air interfaces 190a and 190b may use similar communication technology, such as any suitable radio access technology.
[0051] The non-terrestrial air interface 190c can enable communication between the EDs 110a, 110d and one or multiple NT-TRPs 172 via a wireless link or simply a link. For some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission or a connection between a group of EDs 110 and one or multiple NT-TRPs 172 for multicast transmission.
[0052] The TRPs 170a-170b, 172 may communicate with one another over one or more air interfaces 190e, 190f using wireless communication links (e.g., radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. ) or wired communication links. The air interfaces 190e, 190f may utilize any suitable radio access technology and may be substantially similar to the air interfaces 190a, 190c over which the EDs 110a-110d communicate with one or more of the TRP 170a-170b, 172 or they may be substantially different. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) or single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) .
[0053] The RANs 120a and 120b are in communication with the CN 130 to provide the EDs 110a, 110b and 110c with various services such as voice, data and other services. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the CN 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by the CN 130 and may, or may not, employ the same radio access technology as RAN 120a, RAN 120b or both. The CN 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a and 120b or EDs 110a, 110b and 110c or both, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and the other networks 160) . In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a, 110b and 110c may include functionality for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs 110a, 110b and 110c may communicate via wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) and to the Internet 150. The PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . The Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both and incorporate protocols, such as internet protocol (IP) , transmission control protocol (TCP) , user datagram protocol (UDP) . The EDs 110a, 110b and 110c may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies and incorporate multiple transceivers necessary to support such.
[0054] In addition, the communication system 100 may comprise a sensing agent (not shown) to manage the sensed data from ED 110 and / or any one of TRPs 170 a-170b, 172. In one implementation, the sensing agent may be part of any one of TRPs 170 a-b, 172. In another implementation, the sensing agent is a separate node that can communicate with the CN 130 and / or the RAN 120 (e.g., any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172) .
[0055] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of an apparatus 310 wirelessly communicating with another apparatus 320 in a communication system (e.g., the communication system 100) . The apparatus 310 may be an electronic device (e.g., ED 110) . The apparatus 320 may be a network node (e.g., network node 170) such as a T-TRP 170 or an NT-TRP 172. Although there is only one apparatus 310 and one other apparatus 320 shown in the figure, the number of apparatus 310 and / or 320 could be one or more. For example, one ED 110 may be served by only one T-TRP 170 (or only one NT-TRP 172) , by more than one T-TRP 170 (or more than one NT-TRP 172) . One ED 110 may be served by one or more T-TRP 170 and one or more NT-TRP172. Similarly, one T-TRP 170 (or one NT-TRP172) may serve one or more ED 110.
[0056] The apparatus 310 includes at least one processor 210. Only one processor 210 is illustrated to avoid congestion in the drawing. The apparatus 310 may further include a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. Only one antenna 204 is illustrated to avoid congestion in the drawing. One, some, or all of the antennas 204 may, alternatively, be panels. The transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated, e.g., as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by at least one antenna 204 or network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver is also configured to demodulate data or other content received by the at least one antenna 204. Each transceiver includes any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or processing signals received wirelessly or by wire. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals. The apparatus 310 may include at least one memory 208. Only the transmitter 201, the receiver 203, the processor 210, the memory 208 and the antenna 204 is illustrated for simplicity, but the apparatus 310 may include one or more other components. In present disclosure, the transceiver (or the transmitter 201 and / or the receiver 203) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0057] The memory 208 stores instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 208 may also store data used, generated or collected by the apparatus 310. For example, the memory 208 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and that are executed by one or more processor 210.
[0058] The apparatus 310 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces. The input / output devices or interfaces permit interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device or interface includes any suitable structure for providing information to, or receiving information from a user and / or for network interface communications. Suitable structures include, for example, a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, touch screen, etc.
[0059] The processor 210 may perform (or control the apparatus 310 to perform) operations (or methods) described herein as being performed by the apparatus 310. For example, the processor 210 performs or controls the apparatus 310 to perform receiving transport blocks (TBs) , using a resource for decoding of one of the received TBs, releasing the resource for decoding of another of the received TBs, and / or receiving configuration information configuring a resource. In detail, the operation may include those operations related to preparing a transmission for UL transmission to the apparatus 320; those operations related to processing DL transmissions received from the apparatus 320; and those operations related to processing SL transmission to and from another apparatus 310. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for UL transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing DL transmissions may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Processing operations related to processing SL transmissions may include operations such as transmit / receive beamforming, modulating / demodulating and encoding / decoding symbols. Depending upon the embodiment, a DL transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the DL transmission (e.g., by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 implements the transmit beamforming and / or the receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, e.g., beam angle information (BAI) , received from the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 may perform operations relating to network access (e.g., initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, such as operations relating to detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, etc. In some implementations, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, e.g., using a reference signal received from the apparatus 320.
[0060] Although not illustrated, the processor 210 may form part of the transmitter 201 and / or part of the receiver 203. Although not illustrated, the memory 208 may form part of the processor 210.
[0061] The processor 210, the processing components of the transmitter 201 and the processing components of the receiver 203 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (e.g., in the memory 208) .
[0062] The apparatus 320 includes one or more processors 260 (only one processor 260 is illustrated to in FIG. 3) . The apparatus 320 may further include at least one transmitter 252 and at least one receiver 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only one antenna 256 is illustrated to avoid congestion in the drawing. One, some, or all of the antennas 256 may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated as a transceiver. The apparatus 320 may further include at least one memory 258. The apparatus 320 may further include scheduler 253. Only the transmitter 252, the receiver 254, the processor 260, the memory 258, the antenna 256 and the scheduler 253 are illustrated for simplicity, but the apparatus 320 may include one or more other components. In present disclosure, the transceiver (or transmitter 252 and / or receiver 254) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0063] In some implementations, the parts of the apparatus 320 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the apparatus 320 may be located remote from the equipment that houses the antennas 256 for the apparatus 320 (thereby also can be viewed as one or more nodes) and may be coupled to the equipment that houses the antennas 256 over a communication link (not shown) sometimes referred to as front haul, such as common public radio interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some implementations, the term apparatus 320 may also refer to nodes on the network side that perform processing operations, such as determining the location of the apparatus 310, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that are not necessarily part of the equipment that houses the antennas 256 of the apparatus 320. The nodes may also be coupled to other apparatus 320. In some embodiments, the apparatus 320 may actually be a plurality of nodes that are operating together to serve the apparatus 310, e.g., through the use of coordinated multipoint transmissions, or the use of an ORAN system, as described hereinbefore in the present application.
[0064] The processor 260 performs operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for DL transmission to the apparatus 310; processing a UL transmission received from the apparatus 310; preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to another apparatus 320; and processing a transmission received over backhaul from another apparatus 320. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for DL or backhaul transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, precoding (e.g., multiple input multiple output (MIMO) precoding) , transmit beamforming and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the UL or over backhaul may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also perform operations relating to network access (e.g., initial access) and / or DL synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, etc. In some implementations, the processor 260 also generates an indication of beam direction, e.g., BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by a scheduler 253, which will be described hereinafter. In some implementations, the processor 260 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (e.g., BAI) received from another apparatus 320. The processor 260 performs other network side processing operations described herein, such as determining the location of the apparatus 310, determining where to deploy another apparatus 320, etc. In some implementations, the processor 260 may generate signaling, e.g., to configure one or more parameters of the apparatus 310 and / or one or more parameters of another apparatus 320. Any signaling generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 implements physical layer processing. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may implement higher layer functions, such as functions at the medium access control (MAC) or radio link control (RLC) layer in addition to a physical layer processing.
[0065] The apparatus 320 may further comprise the scheduler 253 coupled to the processor 260 or integrated in the processor 260. The scheduler 253 may be included within, or operated separately from, the apparatus 320. The scheduler 253 may schedule UL, DL, SL and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free (e.g., “configured grant” ) resources.
[0066] The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258 storing instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 258 may also store data used, generated or collected by the apparatus 320. For example, the memory 258 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and that are executed by the processor 260.
[0067] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may form part of the transmitter 252 and / or part of the receiver 254. Also, although not illustrated, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253. Although not illustrated, the memory 258 may form part of the processor 260.
[0068] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, the processing components of the transmitter 252 and the processing components of the receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same, or different one of, one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, e.g., in the memory 258.
[0069] The apparatus 320 and / or apparatus 310 may include other components, but these have been omitted for the sake of clarity.
[0070] Note that “signaling, ” as used herein, may alternatively be called control signaling, control message, control information or message for simplicity. Signaling between a base station (e.g., the TRP 170a, 170b, 172) and a UE or sensing device (e.g., ED 110) , or signaling between a different UE or sensing device (e.g., between EDs 110a and 110b) may be carried in physical layer signaling (also referred to as dynamic signaling) , which is transmitted in a physical layer control channel. For DL, the physical layer signaling may be referred to as downlink control information (DCI) , which is transmitted in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . For UL, the physical layer signaling may be referred to as uplink control information (UCI) , which is transmitted in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) . For SL, signaling between different UEs or sensing devices (e.g., between EDs 110a and 110b) may be referred to as SL control information (SCI) , which is transmitted in a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) . Signaling may be carried in a higher layer (e.g., a layer higher than the physical layer) signaling, which is transmitted in a physical layer data channel, e.g., in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for downlink signaling, in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for uplink signaling, and in a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) for SL signaling. Higher layer signaling may also be called static signaling or semi-static signaling. Higher layer signaling may be radio resource control (RRC) protocol signaling or media access control -control element (MAC-CE) signaling. Signaling may be included in a combination of physical layer signaling and higher layer signaling.
[0071] It should be noted that, in the present application, “information, ” when different from “message, ” may be carried in a single message or may be carried in more than one separate message.
[0072] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of an apparatus 410. The apparatus 410 may be a communication device or an apparatus implemented in a communication device such as ED 110 or TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. For example, the apparatus implemented in a communication device may be an integrated circuit, which, in some contexts, may be referred to by other colloquial names, such as chip, modem, modem chip, baseband chip or baseband processor. In some implementations, one or more integrated circuits can be packaged into a system-on-chip, a system-in-package or a multi-chip module. The apparatus 410 may comprise one or more integrated circuits or comprise one or more integrated circuits and other discrete components. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module in the ED 110 or in the apparatus 310. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module in one of the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172 or in the apparatus 320.
[0073] In an example, the apparatus 410 may include one or more processors / processor cores 411 and an interface circuit 412. The apparatus 410 may further include a memory 413. The one or more processors / processor cores 411 are configured to process signals and execute one or more communication protocols. The memory 413 is configured to store at least a part of corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. In an example, the one or more processors (or processor cores) 411 execute computer program instructions stored in the memory 413 to implement related operations (for example, inputting, outputting, receiving and transmitting) in the method embodiments disclosed herein. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store all of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data for execution by the one or more processors / processor cores 411. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store a part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. For example, the part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may include computer program instructions and / or data that need to be currently executed by the one or more processors / processor cores 411. Thus, the memory 413 may store different parts of computer program instructions and / or data for a plurality times for the one or more processors (or processor cores) 411 to perform related operations in the method embodiments disclosed herein. As a communication interface, the interface circuit 412 is configured to implement communication with another component. For example, the interface circuit 412 may communicate a signal with another apparatus / system, such as a radio frequency processing apparatus or a processor system. Optionally, to reduce a load of the processors (or processor cores) , a baseband signal processing circuit 414 may also be disposed to implement processing of at least a part of baseband signals, including signal demodulation, modulation, encoding, decoding, or the like.
[0074] The apparatus 410 may, in some scenarios, be the processor 210 (or the processor 260) in the apparatus 310 (or in the apparatus 320) or may be included in the processor 210 (or the processor 260) in the apparatus 310 (or the apparatus 320) in some scenarios. The apparatus 410 may be, or may include, a baseband chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be independently packaged into a chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 (or the apparatus 320) includes different types of chips. The apparatus 410 may be packaged into a processor chip (for example, an SoC chip or an SIP chip) with the different types of chips. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be packaged into a chip with some or all of circuits of a radio frequency processing system that may further included in the apparatus 310 (or the apparatus 320) .
[0075] FIG. 5 illustrates an example apparatus 510. The apparatus 510 may include corresponding modules or units configured to implement methods and / or embodiments described herein. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 includes a processing unit 512 and a communication unit 513. Optionally, the apparatus 510 may further include a storage unit 511 configured to store apparatus program code (or instructions) and / or data.
[0076] The apparatus 510 may be an ED side apparatus, for example, an ED or a module in an ED, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in an ED. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 may be implemented as the apparatus 310. Accordingly, the processing unit 512 may be implemented as the processor 210 (see FIG. 3) , the communication unit 513 may be implemented as the transmitter 201 and / or the receiver 203 (see FIG. 3) and the storage unit 511 may be implemented as the memory 208 (see FIG. 3) .
[0077] The apparatus 510 may be a base station side apparatus, for example, a base station or a module in a base station, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in a base station. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 may be implemented as the apparatus 320. Accordingly, the processing unit 512 may be implemented as the processor 260 (the scheduler 253 may also be included, see FIG. 3) , the communication unit 513 may be implemented as the transmitter 252 and / or the receiver 254 (see FIG. 3) and the storage unit 511 may be implemented as the memory 258.
[0078] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is an ED 110 or a module in an ED 110, a function of the apparatus 510 may be implemented by one or more processors. Specifically, the processor may include a modem chip or a system on chip (SoC) chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by a transceiver circuit.
[0079] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is a circuit or a chip that is responsible for a communication function in an ED 110, for example, a modem chip, a system on chip (SoC) chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core, a function of the processing unit 512 may be implemented by a circuit system that is in the chip and that includes one or more processors or processor cores. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by an interface circuit or a data transceiver circuit on the foregoing chip.
[0080] It may be understood that division into the units in the foregoing apparatus is merely logical function division. Each function may correspond to one functional unit or two or more functions may be integrated into one functional unit. In actual implementation, all or some of the units may be integrated into one physical entity or may be distributed in different physical entities. In addition, the foregoing functional units may be implemented in a form of hardware, may be implemented in a form of software or may be implemented in a form of a combination of hardware and software. Whether a function is performed in a form of hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraint conditions of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for each particular application, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the scope of this application.
[0081] In an example, a functional unit in any one of the foregoing apparatuses may be configured as one or more integrated circuits for implementing the foregoing methods, for example, one or more application-specific integrated circuits (application-specific integrated circuits, ASICs) , one or more central processing units (central processing units, CPUs) , one or more microprocessors (microcontroller units, MCUs) , one or more digital signal processors (digital signal processors, DSP) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (field programmable gate arrays, FPGAs) , or a combination of at least two of these integrated circuit forms.
[0082] In an example, the storage unit 511 may include a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory, an electrically erasable programmable memory, and / or a register.
[0083] A processor, a processor system, an application processor, a baseband processor, a processor circuit, or a processor core may be collectively referred to as a processor. The processor may include one or a combination of a central processing unit (CPU) , a digital signal processor (DSP) , a microprocessor (microprocessor unit, MPU) , a microcontroller (microcontroller unit, MCU) , a graphics processing unit (GPU) , a field programmable gate array (FPGA) , an artificial intelligence processor (AI processor) , or a neural network processing unit (NPU) .
[0084] A memory or a storage unit may include one or more of the following storage media: a random access memory (RAM) ; a static random access memory (static RAM, SRAM) ; a dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM) ; a phase-change memory (PCM) ; a resistive random access memory (resistive RAM, ReRAM) ; a magnetoresistive random access memory (magnetoresistive RAM, MRAM) ; a ferroelectric random access memory (ferroelectric RAM, FRAM) ; a cache; a register; a read-only memory (ROM) ; a flash memory (flash memory) ; an erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable programmable ROM, EPROM) ; a hard disk; and the like. In an example, computer program instructions used to execute embodiments may be stored in a non-volatile memory, for example, at least a part of a memory or storage unit (for example, one or more of a ROM, a flash memory, an EPROM, or a hard disk) . When a terminal runs, a part or all of corresponding computer program instructions may be loaded to a memory that has a higher transmission speed with the processor, for example, at least a part of a memory or a storage unit (for example, one or more of a RAM, an SRAM, a DRAM, a PCM, a RERAM, an MRAM, a FRAM, a cache, or a register) , so that the processor executes the computer program instructions to perform the steps in the method embodiments disclosed herein.
[0085] An air interface generally includes a number of components and associated parameters that collectively specify how a transmission is to be sent and / or received over a wireless communications link between two or more communicating devices. For example, an air interface may include one or more components defining the waveform (s) , frame structure (s) , multiple access scheme (s) , protocol (s) , coding scheme (s) and / or modulation scheme (s) for conveying information (e.g., data) over a wireless communications link. The wireless communications link may support a link between a radio access network and user equipment (e.g., a “Uu” link) , and / or the wireless communications link may support a link between device and device, such as between two user equipments (e.g., a “sidelink” ) , and / or the wireless communications link may support a link between a non-terrestrial (NT) -communication network and user equipment (UE) . The following are some examples for the above components. ○A waveform component may specify a shape and a form of a signal being transmitted. Waveform options may include orthogonal multiple access waveforms and non-orthogonal multiple access waveforms. Non-limiting examples of such waveform options include orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) , Direct Fourier Transform spread OFDM (DFT-OFDM) , Filtered OFDM (f-OFDM) , Time windowing OFDM, filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) , universal filtered multicarrier (UFMC) , generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) , wavelet packet modulation (WPM) , faster than Nyquist (FTN) Waveform and low Peak to Average Power Ratio Waveform (low PAPR WF) . ○A frame structure component may specify a configuration of a frame or group of frames. The frame structure component may indicate one or more of a time, frequency, pilot signature, code, subcarrier spacing, cyclic prefix length or other parameter of the frame or group of frames. More details of frame structure will be discussed hereinafter. ○A multiple access scheme component may specify multiple access technique options, including technologies defining how communicating devices share a common physical channel, such as: TDMA; FDMA; CDMA; space division multiple access (SDMA) ; OFDMA; SC-FDMA; Low Density Signature Multicarrier CDMA (LDS-MC-CDMA) ; non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) ; pattern division multiple access (PDMA) ; lattice partition multiple access (LPMA) ; resource spread multiple access (RSMA) ; and sparse code multiple access (SCMA) . Furthermore, multiple access technique options may include: scheduled access vs. non-scheduled access, also known as grant-free access; non-orthogonal multiple access vs. orthogonal multiple access, e.g., via a dedicated channel resource (e.g., no sharing between multiple communicating devices) ; contention-based shared channel resources vs. non-contention-based shared channel resources; and cognitive radio-based access. ○A hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) protocol component may specify how a transmission and / or a re-transmission is to be made. Non-limiting examples of transmission and / or re-transmission mechanism options include those that specify a scheduled data pipe size, a signaling mechanism for transmission and / or re-transmission and a re-transmission mechanism. ○A coding and modulation component may specify how information being transmitted may be encoded / decoded and modulated / demodulated for transmission / reception purposes. Coding may refer to methods of error detection and forward error correction. Non-limiting examples of coding options include turbo trellis codes, turbo product codes, fountain codes, low-density parity check codes and polar codes. Modulation may refer, simply, to the constellation (including, for example, the modulation technique and order) , or more specifically to various types of advanced modulation methods such as hierarchical modulation and low PAPR modulation.
[0086] In some embodiments, the air interface may be a “one-size-fits-all concept. ” For example, the components within the air interface cannot be changed or adapted once the air interface is defined. In some implementations, only limited parameters or modes of an air interface, such as a cyclic prefix (CP) length or a MIMO mode, can be configured. In some embodiments, an air interface design may provide a unified or flexible framework to support frequencies below known 6 GHz bands and frequencies beyond the 6 GHz bands (e.g., mmWave bands) for both licensed and unlicensed access. As an example, flexibility of a configurable air interface provided by a scalable numerology and symbol duration may allow for transmission parameter optimization for different spectrum bands and for different services / devices. As another example, a unified air interface may be self-contained in a frequency domain and a frequency domain self-contained design may support more flexible RAN slicing through channel resource sharing between different services in both frequency and time.
[0087] A frame structure is a feature of the wireless communication physical layer that defines a time domain signal transmission structure, e.g., to allow for timing reference and timing alignment of basic time domain transmission units. Wireless communication between communicating devices may occur on time-frequency resources governed by a frame structure. The frame structure may, sometimes, instead be called a radio frame structure.
[0088] Depending upon the frame structure and / or configuration of frames in the frame structure, frequency division duplex (FDD) and / or time-division duplex (TDD) and / or full duplex (FD) communication may be possible. FDD communication is when transmissions in different directions (e.g., uplink vs. downlink) occur in different frequency bands. TDD communication is when transmissions in different directions (e.g., uplink vs. downlink) occur over different time durations. FD communication is when transmission and reception occur on the same time-frequency resource, i.e., a device can both transmit and receive on the same frequency resource concurrently in time.
[0089] One example of a frame structure is a frame structure in long-term evolution (LTE) cellular systems, having the following specifications: each frame is 10 ms in duration; each frame has 10 subframes, which subframes are each 1 ms in duration; each subframe includes two slots, each of which slots is 0.5 ms in duration; each slot is for the transmission of seven OFDM symbols (assuming normal CP) ; each OFDM symbol has a symbol duration and a particular bandwidth (or partial bandwidth or bandwidth partition) related to the number of subcarriers and subcarrier spacing; the frame structure is based on OFDM waveform parameters such as subcarrier spacing and CP length (where the CP has a fixed length or limited length options) ; and the switching gap between uplink and downlink in TDD has to be the integer time of OFDM symbol duration.
[0090] Another example of a frame structure is a frame structure in new radio (NR) having the following specifications: multiple subcarrier spacings are supported, each subcarrier spacing corresponding to a respective numerology; the frame structure depends on the numerology, but the frame length is set at 10 ms and each frame consists of ten subframes, each subframe of 1 ms duration; a slot is defined as 14 OFDM symbols; and slot length depends upon the numerology. For example, the NR frame structure for normal CP 15 kHz subcarrier spacing ( “numerology 1” ) and the NR frame structure for normal CP 30 kHz subcarrier spacing ( “numerology 2” ) are different. For 15 kHz subcarrier spacing, the slot length is 1 ms and, for 30 kHz subcarrier spacing, the slot length is 0.5 ms. The NR frame structure may have more flexibility than the LTE frame structure.
[0091] Another example of a frame structure is an example flexible frame structure, e.g., for use in a 6G network or a later network. In a flexible frame structure, a symbol block may be defined as the minimum duration of time that may be scheduled in the flexible frame structure. A symbol block may be a unit of transmission having an optional redundancy portion (e.g., CP portion) and an information (e.g., data) portion. An OFDM symbol is an example of a symbol block. A symbol block may alternatively be called a symbol. Embodiments of flexible frame structures include different parameters that may be configurable, e.g., frame length, subframe length, symbol block length, etc. A non-exhaustive list of possible configurable parameters, in some embodiments of a flexible frame structure, includes: 1) A frame length parameter: The frame length need not be limited to 10 ms and the frame length may be configurable and change over time. In some embodiments, each frame includes one or multiple downlink synchronization channels and / or one or multiple downlink broadcast channels and each synchronization channel and / or broadcast channel may be transmitted in a different direction by different beamforming. The frame length may be more than one possible value and configured based on the application scenario. For example, autonomous vehicles may require relatively fast initial access, in which case the frame length may be set as 5 ms for autonomous vehicle applications. As another example, smart meters on houses may not require fast initial access, in which case the frame length may be set as 20 ms for smart meter applications. 2) A subframe duration parameter: A subframe might or might not be defined in the flexible frame structure, depending upon the implementation. For example, a frame may be defined to include slots, but no subframes. In frames in which a subframe is defined, e.g., for time domain alignment, then the duration of the subframe may be configurable. For example, a subframe may be configured to have a length of 0.1 ms or 0.2 ms or 0.5 ms or 1 ms or 2 ms or 5 ms, etc. In some embodiments, if a subframe is not needed in a particular scenario, then the subframe length may be defined to be the same as the frame length or not defined. 3) A slot configuration parameter: A slot might or might not be defined in the flexible frame structure, depending upon the implementation. In frames in which a slot is defined, then the definition of a slot (e.g., in time duration and / or in number of symbol blocks) may be configurable. In one embodiment, the slot configuration is common to all UEs or a group of UEs. For this case, the slot configuration information may be transmitted to the UEs in a broadcast channel or common (or group) control channel (s) . In other embodiments, the slot configuration may be UE specific, in which case the slot configuration information may be transmitted in a UE-specific control channel. In some embodiments, the slot configuration signaling can be transmitted together with frame configuration signaling and / or subframe configuration signaling. In other embodiments, the slot configuration may be transmitted independently from the frame configuration signaling and / or subframe configuration signaling. In general, the slot configuration may be system common, base station common, UE group common or UE specific. 4) A subcarrier spacing (SCS) parameter: The SCS parameter is one parameter of scalable numerology that may allow the SCS to possibly range from 15 KHz to 480 KHz. The SCS may vary with the frequency of the spectrum and / or maximum UE speed to minimize the impact of Doppler shift and phase noise. In some examples, there may be separate transmission and reception frames and the SCS of symbols in the reception frame structure may be configured independently from the SCS of symbols in the transmission frame structure. The SCS in a reception frame may be different from the SCS in a transmission frame. In some examples, the SCS of each transmission frame may be half the SCS of each reception frame. If the SCS between a reception frame and a transmission frame is different, the difference does not necessarily have to scale by a factor of two, e.g., if more flexible symbol durations are implemented using inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) instead of fast Fourier transform (FFT) . Additional examples of frame structures can be used with different SCSs. 5) A parameter indicative of a flexible transmission duration of a basic transmission unit: The basic transmission unit may be a symbol block (alternatively called a symbol) , which, in general, includes a redundancy portion (referred to as the CP) and an information (e.g., data) portion. In some embodiments, the CP may be omitted from the symbol block. The CP length may be flexible and configurable. The CP length may be fixed within a frame or flexible within a frame and the CP length may possibly change from one frame to another, or from one group of frames to another group of frames, or from one subframe to another subframe, or from one slot to another slot, or dynamically from one scheduling to another scheduling. The information (e.g., data) portion may be flexible and configurable. Another possible parameter relating to a symbol block that may be defined is ratio of CP duration to information (e.g., data) duration. In some embodiments, the symbol block length may be adjusted according to: a channel condition (e.g., multi-path delay, Doppler) ; and / or a latency requirement; and / or an available time duration. As another example, a symbol block length may be adjusted to fit an available time duration in the frame. 6) A Flexible switch gap parameter: A frame may include both a downlink portion, for downlink transmissions from a base station, and an uplink portion, for uplink transmissions from UEs. A gap may be present between each uplink and downlink portion, which gap is referred to as a switching gap. The switching gap length (duration) may be configurable. A switching gap duration may be fixed within a frame or flexible within a frame and a switching gap duration may possibly change from one frame to another, or from one group of frames to another group of frames, or from one subframe to another subframe, or from one slot to another slot, or dynamically from one scheduling to another scheduling.
[0092] A device, such as a base station, may provide coverage over a cell. Wireless communication with the device may occur over one or more carrier frequencies. A carrier frequency will be referred to as a carrier. A carrier may alternatively be called a component carrier (CC) . A carrier may be characterized by its bandwidth and a reference frequency, e.g., the center frequency of the carrier, the lowest frequency of the carrier or the highest frequency of the carrier. A carrier may be on a licensed spectrum or an unlicensed spectrum. Wireless communication with the device may also, or instead, occur over one or more bandwidth parts (BWPs) . For example, a carrier may have one or more BWPs. More generally, wireless communication with the device may occur over spectrum. The spectrum may comprise one or more carriers and / or one or more BWPs.
[0093] A cell may include one or multiple downlink resources and, optionally, one or multiple uplink resources. A cell may include one or multiple uplink resources and, optionally, one or multiple downlink resources. A cell may include both one or multiple downlink resources and one or multiple uplink resources. As an example, a cell might only include one downlink carrier / BWP, or only include one uplink carrier / BWP, or include multiple downlink carriers / BWPs, or include multiple uplink carriers / BWPs, or include one downlink carrier / BWP and one uplink carrier / BWP, or include one downlink carrier / BWP and multiple uplink carriers / BWPs, or include multiple downlink carriers / BWPs and one uplink carrier / BWP, or include multiple downlink carriers / BWPs and multiple uplink carriers / BWPs. In some embodiments, a cell may, instead or additionally, include one or multiple sidelink resources, including sidelink transmitting and receiving resources.
[0094] A BWP is a set of contiguous or non-contiguous frequency subcarriers on a carrier, or a set of contiguous or non-contiguous frequency subcarriers on multiple carriers, or a set of non-contiguous or contiguous frequency subcarriers, which may have one or more carriers.
[0095] In some implementations, a carrier may have one or more BWPs, e.g., a carrier may have a bandwidth of 20 MHz and consist of one BWP or a carrier may have a bandwidth of 80 MHz and consist of two adjacent contiguous BWPs, etc. In other embodiments, a BWP may have one or more carriers, e.g., a BWP may have a bandwidth of 40 MHz and consist of two adjacent contiguous carriers, where each carrier has a bandwidth of 20 MHz. In some embodiments, a BWP may comprise non-contiguous spectrum resources, which consists of non-contiguous multiple carriers, where the first carrier of the non-contiguous multiple carriers may be in mmW band, the second carrier may be in a low band (such as 2 GHz band) , the third carrier (if it exists) may be in THz band and the fourth carrier (if it exists) may be in visible light band. Resources in one carrier which belong to the BWP may be contiguous or non-contiguous. In some embodiments, a BWP has non-contiguous spectrum resources on one carrier.
[0096] Wireless communication may occur over an occupied bandwidth. The occupied bandwidth may be defined as the width of a frequency band such that, below the lower and above the upper frequency limits, the mean powers emitted are each equal to a specified percentage, β / 2, of the total mean transmitted power, for example, the value of β / 2 is taken as 0.5%.
[0097] The carrier, the BWP or the occupied bandwidth may be signaled by a network device (e.g., by a base station) dynamically, e.g., in physical layer control signaling such as the known DCI, or semi-statically, e.g., in radio resource control (RRC) signaling or in signaling in the medium access control (MAC) layer, or be predefined based on the application scenario; or be determined by the UE as a function of other parameters that are known by the UE, or may be fixed, e.g., by a standard.
[0098] A terrestrial communication system may also be referred to as a land-based or ground-based communication system, although a terrestrial communication system can also, or instead, be implemented on or in water. A wireless communications system may support communications between a UE and non-terrestrial devices, which is also called as a non-terrestrial communication system. The non-terrestrial communication system may bridge coverage gaps in underserved areas by extending the coverage of cellular networks through the use of non-terrestrial nodes, which will be useful to establishing global, seamless coverage and providing mobile broadband services to unserved / underserved regions. In the current case, it is hardly possible to implement terrestrial access-points / base-stations infrastructure in areas like oceans, mountains, forests, or other remote areas.
[0099] The terrestrial communication system may be a wireless communications system using 5G technology and / or later generation wireless technology. In some examples, the terrestrial communication system may also accommodate some legacy wireless technologies (e.g., 3G or 4G wireless technology) . The non-terrestrial communication system may be a communications system using satellite constellations, like geo-stationary orbit (GEO) satellites, which utilize broadcast public / popular contents to a local server. The non-terrestrial communication system may be a communications system using low earth orbit (LEO) satellites, which are known to establish a better balance between large coverage area and propagation path-loss / delay. The non-terrestrial communication system may be a communications system using stabilized satellites in very low earth orbits (VLEO) technologies, thereby substantially reducing the costs for launching satellites to lower orbits. The non-terrestrial communication system may be a communications system using high altitude platforms (HAPs) , which are known to provide a low path-loss air interface for the users with limited power budget. The non-terrestrial communication system may be a communications system using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) (or unmanned aerial system, “UAS” ) achieving a dense deployment, since their coverage can be limited to a local area, such as airborne, balloon, quadcopter, drones, etc. In some examples, GEO satellites, LEO satellites, UAVs, HAPs and VLEOs may be horizontal and two-dimensional. In some examples, UAVs, HAPs and VLEOs may be coupled to integrate satellite communications to cellular networks. Emerging 3D vertical networks includes many moving (other than geostationary satellites) and high altitude access points such as UAVs, HAPs and VLEOs.
[0100] One possible scenario is that T-TRPs 170 are communicating with NT-TRPs 172 that are part of a satellite constellation, as shown in an example network 800 illustrated in FIG. 6. A satellite constellation comprises a plurality of satellites in satellite orbits that are arranged such that Earth is provided with wireless coverage from the satellites. Each satellite orbit may have a plurality of satellites therein. The T-TRPs 170 may be connected to the core network 130 through terrestrial ( “TN” ) gateways 802, while the NT-TRPs 172, in the satellite constellations, may be connected to the core network 130 through dedicated, non-terrestrial ( “NTN” ) gateways 804. Devices, such as UEs, may connect and communicate with a T-TRP 170 or with an NT-TRP 172 depending on the conditions of traffic load, radio link quality, congestion, and so on.
[0101] Another possible scenario may be envisioned wherein the satellite constellation effectively acts as the gateway for the T-TRPs 170 on the ground, as shown in an example network 900 illustrated in FIG. 7. The NT-TRPs 172 in the satellite constellation communicate with the core network 130 through NTN gateways 804 located on the ground using a wireless link, while the NTN gateways 804 on the ground may use a wired link (e.g., a fiber optic link) to communicate with the core network 130. The T-TRPs 170 communicate with satellites using a wireless link and satellites communicate between each-other using free space optical links (using, e.g., lasers) . Devices, such as UEs, may connect and communicate with a T-TRP 170 or with an NT-TRP 172, depending on the conditions of traffic load, radio link quality, congestion, and so on.
[0102] Another possible scenario may be envisioned where the NT-TRPs 172 communicate with the T-TRPs 170 through the core network 130, as shown in an example network 1000 illustrated in FIG. 8. The NT-TRPs 172 may first communicate with dedicated non-terrestrial gateways 804, which then communicate with the core network 130. The core network 130 may then relay information from the NT-TRPs 172 to the T-TRPs 170 via dedicated terrestrial gateways 802. Devices, such as UEs, may connect and communicate with a T-TRP 170 or with an NT-TRP 172, depending on the conditions of traffic load, radio link quality, congestion, and so on.
[0103] In the scenarios above, a link between a UE and a NT-TRP 172 may be called a service link and links between the NT-TRPs 172 and the NTN gateway 804 may be called feeder links. In addition, a link between two NT-TRPs 172 may be called an inter-satellite link (ISL) (not shown in FIG. 6, 7 or 8) . Each NT-TRP 172 may be associated with one or more NTN gateways 804.
[0104] The following cases have been identified for HD-FDD (e) RedCap UEs. Some of the following cases relate to an overlap between a DL reception and a UL transmission. Some of the following cases relate to situations wherein a DL reception is back-to-back, non-overlapping with a UL transmission. Each case is associated with a respective set of handling rules assuming a terrestrial network.
[0105] Case 1: Dynamically scheduled DL reception collides with semi-statically configured UL transmission
[0106] Examples: Transmission of SRS, PUCCH, or PUSCH configured by higher layers colliding with reception of CSI-RS or PDSCH indicated by a DCI format.
[0107] Collision handling Rules: (same as R15 / 16 TDD)
[0108] No cancellation of PUCCH or PUSCH if the first symbol in the set occurs within Tproc, 2 relative to a last symbol of a PDCCH reception carrying the DCI format. Otherwise, cancel PUCCH or PUSCH.
[0109] No cancellation of SRS that occurs in symbols within Tproc, 2 relative to a last symbol of a PDCCH reception carrying the DCI format. Cancel the remaining symbols of SRS.
[0110] Case 2: Semi-statically configured DL reception collides with dynamically scheduled UL transmission.
[0111] Examples: Reception of PDCCH, SPS PDSCH, CSI-RS, or DL PRS configured by higher layers colliding with transmission of PUSCH, PUCCH, PRACH, or SRS indicated by a DCI format.
[0112] Collision handling rule: Reception of PDCCH, SPS PDSCH, CSI-RS, or DL PRS configured by higher layers is cancelled. (same as R15 / 16 TDD) .
[0113] Case 3: Semi-statically configured DL reception collides with semi-statically configured UL transmission.
[0114] In some implementation, semi-statically configured DL reception may include Type-0 / 0A / 0B / 1 / 2-PDCCH CSS and dedicated semi-statically configured PDCCH USS / PDSCH SPS / CSI-RS / PRS / [Type 3 PDCCH CSS] , and semi-statically configured UL transmission includes semi-statically configured PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS.
[0115] Examples: DL reception configured by dedicated higher layers parameters or configured Type0 / 0A / 0B / 1 / 2-PDCCH CSS collides with UL transmission configured by dedicated higher layer parameters.
[0116] Collision handling rule: UE monitors paging during paging occasion (type 2 CSS) and cancels CG-PUSCH transmission in RRC_INACTIVE state when a paging occasion overlaps with a CG-SDT transmission. Otherwise, it is considered as an error case, same as in R15 / 16 TDD.
[0117] Case 4: Dynamically scheduled DL reception collides with dynamic scheduled UL transmission.
[0118] Dynamic DL reception may include: DG PDSCH (single, multiple) (scheduled by PDCCH in CSS, for example, Type 0 PDCCH for SIB1, Type 0A PDCCH for other system information (OSI) including system information block (SIB) 19, Type 1 PDCCH for RAR, and Type 2 PDCCH for paging) , A-CSI-RS, or DL PRS.
[0119] Dynamic UL transmission may include: DG PUSCH (single, multiple, transmit block over multiple slots) , PUCCH (with or without HARQ-ACK, CSI, or SR) , A-SRS, or SRS as UL positioning RS (PRS) .
[0120] Examples: UE detects a DCI format scheduling a DL reception in a set of symbols and a DCI format scheduling a UL transmission in any symbol from the set of symbols.
[0121] Collision handling rule: It is considered as an error case, same as in R15 / 16 TDD.
[0122] Case 5: Configured SSB collides with dynamically scheduled or configured UL transmission.
[0123] Examples: Transmission of PRACH triggered by a PDCCH order, or PUSCH, or PUCCH, or SRS collides with symbols of SS / PBCH blocks within the active DL BWP as indicated by ssb-PositionsInBurst in SIB1 or in ServingCellConfigCommon or by NonCellDefiningSSB.
[0124] Collision handling rule: UE does not transmit PRACH, PUSCH, PUCCH if any symbol overlaps with the SSB symbols. UE does not transmit SRS on the symbols overlapping with SSB symbols (same as R15 / 16 TDD) .
[0125] Case 6: Dynamic or semi-static DL collides with valid RACH Occasion (RO) .
[0126] Examples: Transmission of a PRACH or MsgA PUSCH triggered by higher layers in a set of symbols collides with reception of a PDCCH, or a PDSCH, or a CSI-RS, or a DL PRS, or symbols of SS / PBCH blocks within the active DL BWP as indicated by ssb-PositionsInBurst in SIB1 or in ServingCellConfigCommon or by NonCellDefiningSSB.
[0127] Collision handling rule: Whether the UE cancels the reception of the dynamic / semi-static DL or cancels the valid RO is left to UE implementation (different from R15 / 16 TDD) .
[0128] Case 7: Collision due to link direction switching.
[0129] Example 1: A HD-UE would transmit a PUSCH, or PUCCH, or SRS based on a configuration by higher layers and the HD-UE is indicated presence of SS / PBCH blocks within the active DL BWP as indicated by ssb-PositionsInBurst in SIB1 or in ServingCellConfigCommon or by NonCellDefiningSSB.
[0130] Collision handling rule for example 1:
[0131] UE cancels PUSCH or PUCCH if a last symbol would not be at least NTx-RxTc prior to a first symbol of the next earliest SS / PBCH block. NRx-Tx and NTx-Rx are
[0132] UE cancels PUSCH or PUCCH if a first symbol would not be at least NRx-TxTc after a last symbol of the previous SS / PBCH block.
[0133] UE does not transmit SRS in symbols that would not be at least NTx-RxTx prior to a first symbol of the next earliest SS / PBCH block.
[0134] UE does not transmit SRS in symbols that would not be at least NRc-TxTc after a last symbol of the previous latest SS / PBCH block.
[0135] Example 2: The transmission of PRACH or MsgA PUSCH starting or ending at a symbol that is earlier or later than NRx-TxTc or NTx-RxTc, respectively, from the last or first symbol of the reception of a PDCCH, or a PDSCH, or a CSI-RS, or a DL PRS configured by higher layers or SS / PBCH blocks indicated by ssb-PositionsInBurst in SIB1 or in ServingCellConfigCommon or by NonCellDefiningSSB.
[0136] Timing advance applied at UE:
[0137] As described in Technical Specification 38.211, downlink and uplink transmissions are organized into frames with ms duration, each having ten subframes of ms duration. The number of consecutive OFDM symbols per subframe is Each frame is divided into two equally-sized half-frames of five subframes each. There is one set of frames in the uplink and one set of frames in the downlink on a carrier.
[0138] As shown in FIG. 9, a UL frame i 902 for transmission from the UE shall start, at the UE, a duration, before the start of a corresponding DL frame i 904, where the parameter NTAmay be indicated to the UE via a Timing Advance Command DL MAC CE, but for msgA transmission on PUSCH, NTA=0.
[0139] The timing advance offset parameter, NTA, offset, may be provided as a timing advance offset for a serving cell by n-TimingAdvanceOffset for the serving cell. If the UE is not provided with n-TimingAdvanceOffset for a serving cell, the UE may determine a default value for the timing advance offset parameter, NTA, offset. The uplink time synchronization reference point may be defined as a point where DL and UL are frame aligned with the offset given by the timing advance offset parameter, NTA, offset. If the UE has been configured with multiple cells in a Timing Advance Group of cells (TAG) , a value for the timing advance offset parameter, NTA, offset, may be expected to be same for all the serving cells in the TAG. The UL timing for PUSCH / SRS / PUCCH transmissions is the same for all the serving cells in the TAG.
[0140] Since TA is small in TN slot index and symbol index in DL and UL are usually aligned at both gNB and UE sides. Moreover, because UE adjusts TA according to an indication (NTA, NTA, offset) from a gNB, the gNB and the UE have a common understanding on the DL and UL overlapping symbols and back-to-back non-overlapping symbols without sufficient gap, for which collision handling and UL / DL transmission / reception prioritization rules have been specified for the operation of HD-FDD RedCap UE in a TN. The resource overhead of conservative scheduling of UL / DL transmission / reception by the gNB due to potential TA misalignment is, thus, marginal in TN.
[0141] In NTN, as shown in FIG. 10, for the UE to pre-compensate the two-way transmission delay between the uplink time synchronization reference point and the serving satellite, the UE may determine based on one-way propagation delay, Delaycommon (t) , that the UE may determine as where TAcommon, TAcommonDrift and TAcommonDriftVariant may be respectively provided by ta-Common, ta-CommonDrift and ta-CommonDriftVariant. Additionally, tepoch may be provided by epochTime, which is the epoch time of ta-Common, ta-CommonDrift and ta-CommonDriftVariant. The parameter TAcommon may be considered to be a configured timing offset that is equal to the RTT between the RP and the NTN payload, Koffset is a configured scheduling offset used to allow the UE sufficient processing time between a downlink reception and an uplink transmission. It follows that Koffset should be larger or equal to the sum of the service link RTT and the Common TA.
[0142] The offset, kmac, may be considered to be another configurable offset that is approximately equal to the RTT between the RP and the gNB and would be used to delay the application of a downlink configuration indicated by a MAC CE command on PDSCH and in estimation of UE-gNB RTT. The offset, kmac, may be provided by the network when downlink and uplink frame timing are not aligned at the gNB. The offset, kmac, may also be used, in the random access procedure, to determine the start time of random access response (RAR) window / MsgB window after a Msg1 / MsgA transmission. The term Delaycommon (t) may be considered to provide a distance, at time t, between the serving satellite and the uplink time synchronization reference point divided by the speed of light.
[0143] In NTN, using higher-layer ephemeris parameters for a serving satellite, if provided, a UE may pre-compensate the two-way transmission delay on the service link based on that the UE determines using the serving satellite position and its own position, which the UE may obtain, e.g., through global navigation satellite system (GNSS) . In contrast to TN, there might be a misalignment between the gNB and the UE on the determination of DL and UL overlapping and back-to-back non-overlapping symbols without sufficient gap cases. Although the UE can report TTA to the gNB, including the component the UE has estimated, misalignment between the gNB and the UE may be caused by the report granularity of the timing advance report MAC CE and the infrequent reporting instances.
[0144] Timing advance reporting procedure in NTN and ATG Network
[0145] In some implementations, the Timing Advance reporting procedure is used in an NTN or an air-to-ground (ATG) network to provide the gNB with an estimate of the UE Timing Advance value (i.e., TTA as defined in Technical Specification 38.211) . The RRC, thus, controls Timing Advance reporting by configuring parameters offsetThresholdTA and timingAdvanceSR in TAR-Config information element (IE) . Two example TAR-Config IEs are illustrated in FIG. 11.
[0146] In some implementations, a timing advance report (TAR) shall be triggered if any of the following events occur:
[0147] upon indication from upper layers to trigger a Timing Advance report;
[0148] upon configuration of offsetThresholdTA by upper layers, if the UE has not previously reported Timing Advance value to current Serving Cell;
[0149] if the variation between the current estimate of the Timing Advance value and the last reported Timing Advance value is equal to or larger than offsetThresholdTA, if configured.
[0150] For triggering the TAR, the MAC entity shall:
[0151] if the Timing Advance reporting procedure determines that at least one TAR has been triggered and not cancelled:
[0152] if UL-SCH resources are available for a new transmission and the UL-SCH resources can accommodate the Timing Advance Report MAC CE plus its subheader as a result of logical channel prioritization:
[0153] instruct the Multiplexing and Assembly procedure to generate the Timing Advance Report MAC CE.
[0154] else
[0155] if timingAdvanceSR is configured with value enabled:
[0156] trigger a Scheduling Request.
[0157] However, the misalignment between the TA last known to the gNB and the actual TA used by the UE can be as large as 16 ms when the UE is configured with conditional TA reporting by offsetThresholdTA of 15 ms plus the 1 ms report granularity of the Timing Advance Report MAC CE. Even when the UE is configured with the least offsetThresholdTA value of 0.5 ms, the misalignment between the TA last known to the gNB and the actual TA used by the UE would be up to 1.5 ms, which spans three slots at 30 kHz SCS. If a collision happens at the UE side, the collision may not be aligned with what is assumed at the gNB.
[0158] It is noted that, even if the UE is not configured for TA reporting or has not indicated the capability of TA reporting to gNB, the misalignment between the TA assumed by the gNB and the actual TA used by the UE would be up to the difference between the maximum TA possible and the minimum TA possible in the NTN cell footprint, e.g., at the satellite nadir, if applicable. In such case, the UE may derive the TA value assumed by, or last known to, the gNB from the latest Koffset parameter provided to the HD-UE for scheduling purposes as the cell specific offset or after adjusting it by the UE-specific Koffset, if provided.
[0159] Collisions between Downlink and Uplink in FDD-HD Operation in NTN
[0160] In NTN, as shown in FIG. 12, if the gNB schedules or configures resources for DL receptions (by the UE) and UL transmissions (by the UE) based on the latest TA reported by the UE or a TA assumed by the gNB, e.g., a maximum TA possible within the cell / beam coverage area, any of the collision cases discussed earlier for the TN scenario may occur at the UE side without the gNB being aware of such collisions. This includes even Case 3 collisions and Case 4 collisions, which are supposed to be completely avoided by proper gNB resource scheduling / configuration. This is also the reason why a UE in the TN scenario would not expect a Case 3 collision or a Case 4 collision to occur and considers such cases as error cases. Given the potential TA mismatch between the gNB and the UE, proper resource scheduling / configuration from a perspective of the gNB cannot ensure that Case 3 collisions and Case 4 collisions would not occur at the UE side. As such, Case 3 collisions and Case 4 collisions are possible actual collision cases from the perspective of an HD-UE operating in an NTN cell.
[0161] One possible solution is that, for a (e) RedCap UE in RRC-connected mode, a default priority rule is adopted for the UE to handle the HD collisions known as Case 3 collisions (i.e., Semi-statically configured DL reception collides with semi-statically configured UL transmission) , wherein DL reception is prioritized to UL transmission, with the exception of the collision with Type-0 / 0A / 1 / 2-PDCCH CSS which is left to UE implementation. In this application, Type-0 / 0A / 1 / 2-PDCCH CSS may also refer to as Type-0 / 0A / 1 / 2-PDCCH CSS set, which defines a set of PDCCH candidates for a UE to monitor (i.e., a Type-0 / 0A / 1 / 2-PDCCH in CSS) , where Type-0 / 0A / 1 / 2-PDCCH CSS represents a PDCCH CSS with at least one of Type0, Type0A, Type1 or Type2.
[0162] The default rule can be overridden by an RRC network indication. In other words, the network is allowed to indicate UL overriding DL for all the other use cases above. This is signaled by RRC configuration.
[0163] However, for Case 4 collisions, i.e., wherein a dynamically scheduled DL reception collides with a dynamically scheduled UL transmission, a solution for how to determine the priority is needed.
[0164] An example of Case 4 collisions is that the UE detects a first DCI format scheduling a DL reception in a first set of symbols and a second DCI format scheduling a UL transmission in any symbol from the first set of symbols, or in a second set of symbols starting before a switching gap from an end of the first set of symbols, or ending after the start of a switching gap before the first set of symbols. The first DCI format may be scheduling dynamic grant (DG) PDSCH and received in a PDCCH in a configured common search space (CSS) ; such as Type 0 PDCCH for SIB1, Type 0A PDCCH for OSI including SIB 19, Type 1 PDCCH for RAR, or Type 2 PDCCH for paging. The first DCI format may be scheduling DG PDSCH and received instead in a PDCCH in a configured UE-specific search space (USS) or may be triggering A-CSI-RS or DL PRS. The second DCI format may be scheduling DG PUSCH, PUCCH (with or without HARQ-ACK, CSI, or SR) , A-SRS, or UL positioning RS (PRS) .
[0165] A default fixed priority rule for case 4 collisions would fail in the following manners.
[0166] There is a potential contradiction between Case 3 collision handling procedures and the potential Case 4 collision handling procedures, if the potential Case 4 collision handling procedures leave the handling of a PDSCH scheduled by Type-0 / 0A / 1 / 2-PDCCH CSS to UE implementation. This is because UE implementation may be shown to be detrimental to both the HD-UE and the network if the HD-UE decides to cancel the reception of a PDSCH after the HD-UE has already prioritized the DL reception of a scheduling PDCCH in CSS.
[0167] The potential Case 4 collision handling procedures do not optimize (e) RedCap performance / resource utilization. Given that the applications of (e) RedCap could range from sensor networks to surveillance cameras, UL transmission may, in some situations, be of higher priority than DL reception for some HD-FDD UEs and UL transmission may, in some other situations, be of lower priority than DL reception for some HD-FDD UEs. Imposing the same fixed priority rule on all HD-FDD UEs may be shown to unnecessarily restrict the ability of a network to optimize the performance of different (e) RedCap UEs and / or the ability of a network to optimize the resource utilization of the network. Therefore, it is beneficial to give the network the flexibility to indicate, to each HD-FDD UE, whether UL or DL is prioritized when a Case 4 collision occurs at the UE.
[0168] The potential Case 4 collision handling procedures do not exploit the flexibility of the dynamic signaling in Case 4 collisions. Since potentially colliding DL and UL channels / signals are dynamically scheduled by DCI formats, this offers the network an opportunity to indicate the priority to an individual DL or UL channel / signal rather than imposing a single priority, whether by default rule or by a semi-statically network configured rule, on either all dynamically scheduled DL or UL channels / signals.
[0169] The potential Case 4 collision handling procedures do not provide a unified technical solution. Unification may be shown to harmonize a technical solution across newly specified procedures for Case 3 collisions and Case 4 collisions, even if the default rule or the signaling mechanism of the network indication is different from the default rule or the signaling mechanism adopted for Case 3 collisions. This, in turn, reduces the impact to the standard specifications.
[0170] In overview, aspects of the present disclosure relate to defining a priority rule and UE behavior responsive to determination, at the UE, of a Case 4 collision.
[0171] Aspects of the present disclosure may be shown to address a potential contradiction between Case 3 collision handling procedures and potential Case 4 collision handling procedures if the potential Case 4 collision handling procedures leave the handling of a PDSCH scheduled by Type-0 / 0A / 1 / 2-PDCCH CSS to UE implementation.
[0172] Aspects of the present disclosure may be shown to avoid imposing a fixed priority rule on all HD-FDD UEs. It may be shown that a fixed priority rule would unnecessarily restrict the ability of the network to optimize the performance of different (e) RedCap UEs and / or to optimize the resource utilization of the network.
[0173] Aspects of the present disclosure may be shown to exploit the flexibility of the dynamic signaling in a Case 4 collision by enabling the network to indicate the priority to an individual DL channel / signal or an individual UL channel / signal rather than imposing a single priority on either all dynamically scheduled DL or all dynamically scheduled UL channels / signals.
[0174] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to defining a default priority rule for Case 4 collisions and defining UE procedures to be carried out responsive to detection, at a UE, of a Case 4 collision. A Case 4 collision with PDSCH scheduled by a PDCCH in Type-0 / 0A / 1 / 2-PDCCH CSS may be handled either by UE implementation or by addressing the potential conflict with Case 3 collision handling procedures.
[0175] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to defining a default priority rule for Case 4 collisions and defining UE procedures responsive to detection, at a UE, of a Case 4 collision. These aspects may be shown to enable a network to override a default priority rule with a semi-statically configured priority rule. Meanwhile, a Case 4 collision with PDSCH scheduled by Type-0 / 0A / 1 / 2-PDCCH in CSS may be handled either by UE implementation or by addressing the potential conflict with Case 3 collision handling procedures.
[0176] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to defining a default priority rule for Case 4 collisions and defining UE procedures responsive to detection, at a UE, of a Case 4 collision. These aspects may be shown to enable a network to override a default priority rule for individual channels / signals by respective dynamically indicated priority rules. Meanwhile, handling a Case 4 collision with PDSCH scheduled by Type-0 / 0A / 1 / 2-PDCCH in CSS or a collision with PUCCH carrying HARQ-ACK feedback.
[0177] Aspects of the present disclosure may be considered to be aimed at a system as illustrated in the example shown in FIG. 13 of a non-terrestrial network (NTN) providing non-terrestrial NR access to the UE by means of an NTN payload and an NTN Gateway, depicting a service link between the NTN payload and the UE and a feeder link between the NTN Gateway and the NTN payload.
[0178] A so-called “transparent” NTN-payload may be shown to transparently forward, to the NTN Gateway (via the feeder link) , a radio protocol received from the UE (via the service link) and vice versa. The NTN payload may be arranged such that an NTN gateway may serve multiple NTN payloads and an NTN payload may be served by multiple NTN gateways. The NTN gateway may change the carrier frequency, before the NTN gateway re-transmits the transparent NTN-payload on the service link and vice versa (respectively on the feeder link) .
[0179] For an NTN cell, the following applies in addition to Network Identities.
[0180] A Tracking Area corresponds to a fixed geographical area. Any respective mapping is configured in the RAN;
[0181] A Mapped Cell ID.
[0182] Three types of service links are supported.
[0183] Earth-fixed service links: provisioned by beam (s) continuously covering the same geographical areas all the time (e.g., the case of GSO satellites) ;
[0184] Quasi-Earth-fixed service links: provisioned by beam (s) covering one geographic area for a limited period and a different geographic area during another period (e.g., the case of NGSO satellites generating steerable beams) ; and
[0185] Earth-moving service links: provisioned by beam (s) whose coverage area slides over the Earth surface (e.g., the case of NGSO satellites generating fixed or non-steerable beams) .
[0186] With NGSO satellites, the gNB may provide either quasi-Earth-fixed service link or Earth-moving service link, while gNB operating with GSO satellite may provide Earth fixed service link.
[0187] Aspects of the present disclosure may be considered to be aimed at a system comprising both terrestrial TRPs, such as base-stations, and non-terrestrial TRPs, such as drones, balloons, high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) , satellites and any such devices that support radio access technologies such as 5G NR systems and future 6G systems.
[0188] Herein, a scenario is assumed wherein terrestrial TRPs are communicating with non-terrestrial TRPs that are part of a satellite constellation. A satellite constellation is typically associated with a plurality of satellite orbits such that Earth is provided with wireless coverage from the satellites and each of the satellite orbits may have a plurality of satellites therein. Terrestrial TRPs 170 may be connected to the core network 130 through TN gateways 802 while satellite constellations may be connected to the core network 130 through the dedicated NTN gateway 804, as illustrated in FIG. 6.
[0189] Other scenarios may be envisioned where the satellite constellation effectively acts as the gateway for terrestrial TRPs 170 on the ground. Satellites 172 in the satellite constellation communicate with the core network 130 through the NTN gateway 804 located on the ground using a wireless link, while the NTN gateway 804 on the ground use a wired link (e.g., fiber optical link) to communicate with the core network 130. Terrestrial TRPs 170 communicate with the satellites 172 using a wireless link and the satellites 172 communicate between each-other using free space optical links (using, e.g., lasers) , as illustrated in FIG. 7.
[0190] Other scenarios may be envisioned where the NT-TRPs 172 in the satellite constellation communicate with the core network 130 through a dedicated NTN Gateway 804, while the terrestrial TRPs 170 on the ground communicate with the core network 130 through dedicated TN gateways 802, as illustrated in FIG. 8. Effectively, the T-TRPs 170 and the NT-TRPs 172 communicate with each-other through the core network 130 and the core network 130 is where all of the Command and Control (CnC) features are implemented and carried out.
[0191] It may be assumed that there is a bi-directional wireless link between the terrestrial TRPs 170 and the non-terrestrial TRPs 172, thereby allowing such TRPs 170 / 172 to communicate with each-other. The link from the non-terrestrial TRP 172 to the terrestrial TRP 170 may be referred to as the downward link. The link from the terrestrial TRP 170 to the non-terrestrial TRP 172 may be referred to as the upward link.
[0192] A UE supporting NTN in aspects of the present disclosure may be assumed to be GNSS-capable, i.e., the UE has the capability to determine its location through a GNSS in a manner that is independent from the NTN providing the communication service. In particular, the UE may determine its location with respect to the location of the serving satellite node, which location the UE may determine from the satellite ephemeris indicated in system information for the serving cell. However, in some other aspects of the present disclosure, the UE may not be GNSS-capable but the UE may be capable of determining its location using a positioning technique based on DL-PRSs received from multiple TRPs. The multiple TRPs may be all NTN TRPs 172, which may or may not include the serving satellite, all TN TRPs 170, or a combination of NTN TRPs 172 and TN TRPs 170.
[0193] Procedures Based on Default Rules Only
[0194] There may be at least two scenarios for case 4 collision, for example:
[0195] Scenario 1, the dynamic DL reception is a PDSCH scheduled by Type-0 / 0A / 1 / 2-PDCCH in CSS in RRC-Connected mode, and the dynamic UL transmission is any one or more of the UL transmissions mentioned above;
[0196] Scenario 2, the dynamic DL reception is any DL reception (s) other than the DL reception in scenario 1, and the dynamic UL transmission is any one or more of the UL transmissions mentioned above.
[0197] For handling collision scenario 1, e.g., handling of a Case 4 collision with PDSCH scheduled by Type-0 / 0A / 1 / 2-PDCCH in CSS in RRC-Connected mode is left to UE implementation. That is, the UE is left to prioritize UL transmission or prioritize DL reception within the constraint in the following note.
[0198] Note: UE shall comply to the following procedure.
[0199] UEs in RRC_CONNECTED shall monitor for SI change indication in any paging occasion at least once per modification period if the UE is provided with common search space, including pagingSearchSpace, searchSpaceSIB1 and searchSpaceOtherSystemInformation, on the active BWP to monitor paging.
[0200] In some implementations, when a first condition is met, a default rule will apply. In some implementations, when a second condition is met, the DL reception is prioritized to the dynamically scheduled UL transmission.
[0201] The second condition comprises that the DL reception comprises a PDSCH reception, wherein the PDSCH reception is scheduled by a PDCCH in a CSS with at least one of Type0, Type0A, Type1 or Type2. In some implementations, the second condition comprises that the DL reception comprises a PDSCH reception, wherein the PDSCH reception is scheduled by a PDCCH, and the UE has prioritized the DL reception of the respective PDCCH that scheduled the PDSCH reception. In some implementations, the second condition comprises that the DL reception comprises a PDSCH reception, wherein the PDSCH reception is scheduled by a PDCCH in a CSS with at least one of Type0, Type0A, Type1 or Type2, and the UE has prioritized the DL reception of the respective PDCCH that scheduled the PDSCH reception.
[0202] For example, the UE may cancel the dynamically scheduled UL transmission if the UE has prioritized the DL reception of the respective PDCCH that scheduled the PDSCH, e.g., when colliding with some earlier UL transmission, for instance, in accordance with a Case 3 collision (wherein the earlier UL transmission was a semi-statically configured UL transmission) or a Case 6 collision (wherein the earlier UL transmission was a PRACH in a valid RACH occasion) . Without regard to the default rule, the UE is not expected to cancel the reception of the PDSCH scheduled by Type-0 / 0A / 1 / 2-PDCCH in CSS if the UE has prioritized the DL reception of the respective PDCCH that scheduled the PDSCH when colliding with some earlier UL transmission.
[0203] Otherwise, it is left to UE implementation whether to prioritize the dynamically scheduled UL transmission or prioritize the PDSCH reception, possibly in compliance with the note above. This may be applicable, for instance, if the UE has not determined a HD Case 3 collision with the DL reception of the respective PDCCH that scheduled the PDSCH.
[0204] In some implementations, when a first condition is met, a default rule will apply.
[0205] The first condition may include that the DL reception includes at least one of PDSCH reception scheduled by PDCCH other than a PDCCH in a CSS with at least one of Type0, Type0A, Type1 or Type2. In some implementations, the first condition may include that the DL reception includes at least one of PDSCH reception scheduled by PDCCH and the UE has not prioritized the DL reception of the respective PDCCH that scheduled the PDSCH reception.
[0206] For example, for handling collision scenario 2, e.g., For other cases of a Case 4 collision with DG PUSCH or with PUCCH (with or without HARQ-ACK, CSI, or SR) , A-SRS, or dynamically triggered UL PRS, a default priority rule for Case 4 collisions in RRC-Connected mode may be applied. In one example, the default priority rule is that DL reception is prioritized. In another example, the default priority rule is that UL transmission is prioritized.
[0207] Please note that in this disclosure, the default priority rule may be predefined in the standard, or signaled via system information.
[0208] Procedures Based on Default Rules and Network Override
[0209] In one implementation, the handling for collision scenario 1 and scenario 2 is the same as mentioned above. In a first example, the default priority rule is that DL reception is to be prioritized. In a second example, the default priority rule is that UL transmission is to be prioritized.
[0210] Further and optionally, for scenario 2 or a subset of scenario 2, (e.g., one or more kinds of UL transmissions of DG PUSCH or with PUCCH (with or without HARQ-ACK, CSI, or SR) , A-SRS, or dynamically triggered UL PRS mentioned above, and / or one or more kinds of DL receptions of DG PDSCH, A-CSI-RS, or DL PRS) , the network may indicate, to the UE using a higher layer parameter, an overriding priority rule, i.e., UL transmission is to be prioritized (with the first example) or DL reception is to be prioritized (with the second example) .
[0211] Please note that the overriding priority rule is normally different from the default rule.
[0212] Accordingly, the default priority rule may only be applied if the higher layer parameter has not been provided to the UE.
[0213] Such an indication may be signaled, to the UE, via one or more higher layer parameters, e.g., by RRC configuration or a MAC CE. The high layer parameters may be UE-specific or cell-specific and may be signaled to the UE via dedicated signaling or cell common signaling.
[0214] In one implementation, for all Case 4 collisions (e.g., scenario 1 and scenario 2) , a default priority rule may be applied in RRC-Connected mode if the UE has not been provided with a higher layer parameter indicating override of the default priority rule. The high layer parameters may be UE-specific or cell-specific and may be signaled to the UE via a dedicated signaling or cell common signaling. In the first example, the default priority rule is that DL reception is prioritized. In the second example, the default priority rule is that UL transmission is prioritized.
[0215] In some other examples, the default priority rule (of either the first or the second examples) may apply to all Case 4 collisions except for some Case 4 collisions for which determination of the DL / UL priority would be left to UE implementation, such as:
[0216] a collision with a PDSCH scheduled by a Type-0 / 0A / 1 / 2 PDCCH in CSS, or
[0217] a collision with a dynamically indicated PUCCH carrying HARQ-ACK, if HARQ-ACK feedback is enabled.
[0218] If the UE has been provided with the higher layer parameter indicating override of the default priority rule, e.g., the higher layer parameter is set to “enabled” and the default rule is to prioritize DL reception, dynamically scheduled UL transmissions are prioritized for all Case 4 collisions. Or, if the default rule is to prioritize UL transmission, the UE may prioritize dynamically scheduled DL receptions for all Case 4 collisions.
[0219] In some examples, as an exception to the overriding rule, the UE may still cancel a dynamically scheduled UL transmission for a PDSCH reception scheduled by Type-0 / 0A / 1 / 2-PDCCH in CSS if the UE has prioritized the reception of that PDCCH when colliding with some earlier UL transmission, for instance, in accordance with a Case 3 collision (wherein the earlier UL transmission was a semi-statically configured UL transmission) or a Case 6 collision (wherein the earlier UL transmission was a PRACH in a valid RACH occasion) . In other words, in some implementations, the overriding rule is only applied to scenario 2 or a subset of the scenario 2 mentioned above.
[0220] In some other examples, as an exception to the overriding rule, the UE may still cancel a dynamically scheduled DL reception for a dynamically indicated PUCCH transmission carrying HARQ-ACK bits, if HARQ-ACK feedback is enabled. In other words, the overriding rule is only applied to certain types of the UL transmissions.
[0221] Procedures Based on Default Rules and Network Override via Dynamic Indication
[0222] In one implementation, instead of using higher layer parameters to perform network override mentioned above (i.e., in a semi-static manner) , a dynamic indication is used. The procedure is similar to using higher layer parameters and can refer to the description above.
[0223] In one implementation, based on using higher layer parameters to perform network override mentioned above, a dynamic indication is further used. In summary, the UE is firstly provided with higher layer parameters indicating that override of the default rule may be indicated by dynamic indication, but the UE still follows the default rule except for a DL reception or a UL transmission for which the dynamic indication has been received. When the UE receives the dynamic indication, the DL reception or UL transmission scheduled by a PDCCH associated with (e.g., includes, or is following an activation of the override of the default rule which is activated by) the dynamic indication is prioritized.
[0224] For all Case 4 collisions, a default priority rule may be applied by a UE in the RRC-Connected mode if the UE has not been provided a higher layer parameter indicating override of the default priority rule by dynamic indication. The high layer parameters may be UE-specific or cell-specific and may be signaled to the UE via a dedicated signaling or cell common signaling. In the first example, the default priority rule is that DL reception is to be prioritized. In the second example, the default priority rule is that UL transmission is to be prioritized.
[0225] In some other examples, the default priority rule (of either the first or the second examples) may apply to all Case 4 collisions except for some Case 4 collisions for which determination of the DL / UL priority would be left to UE implementation such as:
[0226] a collision with a PDSCH scheduled by a Type-0 / 0A / 1 / 2 PDCCH in CSS; or
[0227] a collision with a dynamically indicated PUCCH carrying HARQ-ACK, if HARQ-ACK feedback is enabled.
[0228] If the UE has been provided, by dynamic indication, with the higher layer parameter indicating override of the default rule, e.g., the higher layer parameter is set to “enabled” and the default rule is to prioritize DL reception, dynamically scheduled DL receptions may be prioritized for all Case 4 collisions except when colliding with an UL transmission for which a priority indication is provided in the scheduling DCI. Such a priority indication may be a single bit flag in a DCI format carrying UL grant for PUSCH, triggering aperiodic SRS (A-SRS) or carrying DL assignment for PDSCH while indicating a PUCCH resource.
[0229] Alternatively, the default rule may be to prioritize UL transmission, wherein dynamically scheduled UL transmissions are to be prioritized for all Case 4 collisions except when colliding with a DL reception for which a priority indication has been provided in the scheduling DCI. Such a priority indication may be a single bit flag in a DCI format carrying DL assignment for PDSCH, triggering aperiodic CSI-RS (AP-CSI-RS) or DL PRS.
[0230] For all Case 4 collisions, a default priority rule may be applied by a UE in the RRC-Connected mode if the UE has not been provided, e.g., by semi-static configuration, a higher layer parameter indicating override of the default priority rule in accordance with dynamic indication. The higher layer parameters may be UE-specific or cell-specific and may be signaled to the UE via a dedicated signaling or cell common signaling. In the first example, the default priority rule is that DL reception is to be prioritized. In the second example, the default priority rule is that UL transmission is to be prioritized.
[0231] In some other examples, the default priority rule (of either the first example or the second example) may apply to all Case 4 collisions except for some collisions for which determination of the DL / UL priority would be left to UE implementation such as:
[0232] a collision with a PDSCH scheduled by a Type-0 / 0A / 1 / 2 PDCCH in CSS; or
[0233] a collision with a dynamically indicated PUCCH carrying HARQ-ACK, if HARQ-ACK feedback is enabled.
[0234] If the UE has been provided with the higher layer parameter indicating override of the default rule in accordance with dynamic indication, e.g., the higher layer parameter is set to “enabled” and the default rule is to prioritize DL reception, dynamically scheduled DL receptions are prioritized for Case 4 collisions except when:
[0235] colliding with an UL transmission for which a priority indication is provided in the scheduling DCI. Such a priority indication may be a single bit flag in a DCI format carrying UL grant for PUSCH, triggering aperiodic SRS (A-SRS) or carrying DL assignment for PDSCH while indicating a PUCCH resource; or
[0236] colliding with a dynamically indicated PUCCH carrying HARQ-ACK, if HARQ-ACK feedback is enabled.
[0237] Alternatively, the default rule may be to prioritize UL transmission, wherein dynamically scheduled UL transmissions are prioritized for all Case 4 collisions except when colliding with a DL reception for which a priority indication is provided in the scheduling DCI. Such a priority indication may be a single bit flag in a DCI format carrying DL assignment for PDSCH, triggering aperiodic CSI-RS (AP-CSI-RS) or DL PRS. Dynamically scheduled UL transmissions may not be prioritized when colliding with a PDSCH reception scheduled by Type-0 / 0A / 1 / 2-PDCCH in CSS if the UE has prioritized the reception of that PDCCH earlier, for instance, in accordance with a Case 3 collision (wherein the earlier UL transmission was a semi-statically configured UL transmission) or a Case 6 collision (wherein the earlier UL transmission was a PRACH in a valid RACH occasion) .
[0238] In some implementations, in this disclosure, the override priority rule can be indicated for a specific type of DL reception or UL transmission. For example, it may only be applied for AP-CSI-RS, or PRACH.
[0239] In some implementations, in this disclosure, the override priority rule may be applied for a time period, wherein all the collisions during this time period after receiving the indication of override priority rule will be handled by using the override priority rule. In some implementations, after the time period expires, the default rule will apply.
[0240] It should be clear that aspects of the present disclosure may be applied to other radio access technologies, such as Wi-FiTM. Indeed, aspects of the present disclosure may be applied to other UE resources, for instance: the UE’s battery; the UE’s radio frequency (RF) chains; the UE’s physical antenna elements; the UE’s Antenna Ports; the UE’s Baseband Processing Unit; the UE’s PDCCH Processing Unit; the UE’s PDSCH Processing Unit; the UE’s PUCCH Processing Unit; the UE’s PUSCH Processing Unit; etc.
[0241] It should also be clear that aspects of the present disclosure may be applied to integration of TN and NTN, wherein terrestrial TRPs are communicating with non-terrestrial TRPs that are part of a satellite constellation. A satellite constellation is typically constituted of a plurality of satellite orbits such that Earth is provided with wireless coverage from the satellites and each satellite orbit may have a plurality of satellites in it. Terrestrial TRPs may be connected to the Core Network through Gateways while satellite constellations may be connected to the Core Network through dedicated Satellite Gateways.
[0242] It should be appreciated that one or more steps of the embodiment methods provided herein may be performed by corresponding units or modules. For example, data may be transmitted by a transmitting unit or a transmitting module. Data may be received by a receiving unit or a receiving module. Data may be processed by a processing unit or a processing module. The respective units / modules may be hardware, software, or a combination thereof. For instance, one or more of the units / modules may be an integrated circuit, such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) . It will be appreciated that where the modules are software, they may be retrieved by a processor, in whole or part, individually or together for processing, in single or multiple instances, and that the modules themselves may include instructions for further deployment and instantiation.
[0243] Although a combination of features is shown in the illustrated embodiments, not all of them are to be combined to realize the benefits of various embodiments of this disclosure. In other words, a system or method designed according to an embodiment of this disclosure will not necessarily include all of the features shown in any one of the Figures or all of the portions schematically shown in the Figures. Moreover, selected features of one example embodiment may be combined with selected features of other example embodiments.
[0244] Although this disclosure has been described with reference to illustrative embodiments, this description is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the disclosure, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description. It is therefore intended that the appended claims encompass any such modifications or embodiments.
[0245] In the present disclosure, the terms “a, ” “an” and “one” are defined to mean “at least one. ” That is, these terms do not exclude a plural number of items, unless stated otherwise.
[0246] In the present disclosure, terms such as “substantially, ” “generally” and “about, ” which modify a value, condition or characteristic of a feature of an example embodiment, should be understood to mean that the value, condition or characteristic is defined within tolerances that are acceptable for the proper operation of this example embodiment for its intended application.
[0247] In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the terms “connected” and “coupled, ” and derivatives and variants thereof, refer herein to any structural or functional connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements. For example, the connection or coupling between the elements can be acoustical, mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, logical or any combinations thereof.
[0248] In the present disclosure, expressions such as “match, ” “matching” and “matched, ” including variants and derivatives thereof, are intended to refer herein to a condition in which two or more elements are either the same or within some predetermined tolerance of each other. That is, these terms are meant to encompass not only “exactly” or “identically” matching the two elements but also “substantially, ” “approximately” or “subjectively” matching the two or more elements, as well as providing a higher or best match among a plurality of matching possibilities.
[0249] In the present disclosure, the expression “based on” is intended to mean “based at least partly on. ” That is, this expression can mean “based solely on” or “based partially on” and, so, should not be interpreted in a limited manner. More particularly, the expression “based on” could also be understood as meaning “depending on, ” “representative of, ” “indicative of, ” “associated with” or similar expressions.
[0250] In the present disclosure, the terms “system” and “network” may be used interchangeably in embodiments of this application. “At least one” means one or more and “a plurality of” means two or more. The term “and / or” describes an association relationship of associated objects and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate the following three cases: only A exists; both A and B exist; and only B exists; where A and B may be singular or plural. The character “ / ” usually indicates an “or” relationship between associated objects. “At least one of the following items (pieces) ” or a similar expression thereof indicates any combination of these items, including a single item (piece) or any combination of a plurality of items (pieces) . For example, “at least one of A, B, or C” includes: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C. “at least one of A, B, and C” may also be understood as including: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C. In addition, unless otherwise specified, ordinal numbers such as “first” and “second” in embodiments of this application are used to distinguish between a plurality of objects and are not used to limit a sequence, a time sequence, priorities, or importance of the plurality of objects.
[0251] The terms “receive, ” “detect” and “decode” as used herein can have several different meanings depending on the context in which these terms are used. For example, without special note, the term “receive” may indicate that information (e.g., DCI, or MAC-CE, RRC signaling or TB) is received successfully by the receiving node, which means the receiving side correctly detects and decodes it. In this scenario, “receive” may cover “detect” and “decode” or may indicate the same thing, e.g., “receive paging” means decoding paging correctly and obtaining the paging successfully. Accordingly, “the receiving side does not receive paging” means the receiving side does not detect and / or decoding the paging. The phrase “paging is not received” means the receiving side tries to detect and / or decoding the paging, but does not obtain the paging successfully. The term “receive” may sometimes indicate that a signal arrives at the receiving side, but does not mean the information in the signal is detected and decoded correctly, and then the receiving side performs detecting and decoding on the signal to obtain the information carried in the signal. In this scenario, “receive, ” “detect” and “decode” may indicate different procedures at the receiving side to obtain the information.
[0252] A person skilled in the art should understand that embodiments of this application may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only embodiment, a software-only embodiment, or an embodiment with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0253] This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, the device (system) , and the computer program product according to this application. It should be understood that computer program instructions may be used to implement each process and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams and a combination of a process and / or a block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of another programmable data processing device to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the computer or the processor of the another programmable data processing device generate an apparatus for implementing a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or in one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0254] The computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that can indicate a computer or another programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implements a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or in one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0255] The computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or another programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or the another programmable device, so that computer-implemented processing is generated. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or the another programmable device provide steps for implementing a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or in one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0256] It is clear that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of this application. This application is intended to cover these modifications and variations of this application provided that they fall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims and their equivalent technologies.
Claims
1.A half-duplex communication method comprising:determining that a dynamically scheduled downlink (DL) reception will collide with a dynamically scheduled uplink (UL) transmission;prioritizing, when a first condition is met, according to a priority rule either:the UL transmission over the DL reception; orthe DL reception over the UL transmission.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the first condition comprises that the DL reception includes at least one of physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) reception scheduled by a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) other than a PDCCH in a common search space (CSS) with at least one of Type0, Type0A, Type1 or Type2.3.The method of claim 1 or claim 2, further comprising monitoring for a system information change indication in a paging occasion on an active bandwidth part.4.The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein when a second condition is met, the second condition related to cancelling the UL transmission, prioritizing the DL reception over the UL transmission.5.The method of claim 4, wherein the second condition comprises that:the DL reception comprises a PDSCH reception, wherein the PDSCH reception is scheduled by a PDCCH in a CSS with at least one of Type0, Type0A, Type1 or Type2, orthe DL reception comprises a PDSCH reception, wherein the PDSCH reception is scheduled by a PDCCH in a CSS with at least one of Type0, Type0A, Type1 or Type2, and a DL reception of the PDCCH has been prioritized over a colliding UL transmission earlier than the UL transmission.6.The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising receiving an indication of an overriding priority rule, wherein the overriding priority rule indicates prioritizing the UL transmission over the DL reception.7.The method of claim 6, further comprising, responsive to the receiving, employing the overriding priority rule.8.The method of claim 6 or 7, wherein the receiving comprises receiving a higher layer parameter.9.The method of claim 8, wherein the higher layer parameter indicates that the overriding priority rule is used for individual dynamically scheduled DL reception or dynamically UL transmission according to a priority indication in a respective scheduling downlink control information (DCI) .10.The method of claim 8, wherein the higher layer parameter comprises a user equipment specific higher layer parameter.11.The method of claim 8, wherein the higher layer parameter comprises a cell specific higher layer parameter.12.The method of claim 6, wherein the receiving comprises receiving a radio resource control configuration.13.The method of claim 6, wherein the receiving comprises receiving a media access control control element.14.The method of claim 6, wherein the receiving comprises receiving dedicated signaling.15.The method of claim 6, wherein the receiving comprises receiving cell common signaling.16.The method of any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the priority rule is a default rule.17.The method of any one of claims 1 to 16, further comprising:when a third condition is met, either performing the DL reception or UL transmission based on user equipment implementation, where the third condition comprising that:the DL reception includes at least one of PDSCH reception scheduled by a PDCCH other than a PDCCH in a CSS with at least one of Type0, Type0A, Type1 or Type2.18.A half-duplex communication method comprising:determining that a dynamically scheduled physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) reception will collide with a dynamically scheduled uplink (UL) transmission;when a condition is met, either performing the PDSCH reception or performing the UL transmission, based on user equipment implementation,where the condition comprises:the PDSCH reception has been scheduled by a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) in a common search space (CSS) with at least one of Type0, Type0A, Type1 or Type2.19.A communication apparatus, configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 18.20.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; anda memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to:determine that a dynamically scheduled downlink (DL) reception will collide with a dynamically scheduled uplink (UL) transmission;prioritize, when a first condition is met, according to a priority rule either:the UL transmission over the DL reception; orthe DL reception over the UL transmission.21.A computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the method of any one of 1 to 18.22.A computer program product storing instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 18.