Communication method, communication apparatus, communication system, and storage medium

Abstract

Disclosed in the embodiments of the present application are a communication method, a communication apparatus, a communication system, and a storage medium, which are applied to the technical field of wireless communications and are used for indicating the number of repetitions of a line code codeword or a square wave. The method in the embodiments of the present application comprises: determining first information, wherein the first information is used for indicating a first value, the first value representing a first number of repetitions of a line code codeword or a square wave in a first signal, one square wave consisting of a high-level chip and a low-level chip, any value in a value set of the first value satisfying 1 or 2N, and the value set of the first value comprising at least one value not equal to 2M, with M being a non-negative integer, and N being a positive integer; and sending the first information. By expanding the values in a value set of a first value, optional frequency-domain positions are increased, and the spacing between the frequency-domain positions is reduced, thereby improving the capacity of D2R uplink transmission.

Description

Communication methods, communication devices, communication systems and storage media

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. CN202510138547.6, filed with the State Intellectual Property Office of China on February 7, 2025, entitled "Communication Method, Communication Device, Communication System and Storage Medium", and to Chinese Patent Application No. CN202510814824.0, filed with the State Intellectual Property Office of China on June 17, 2025, entitled "Communication Method, Communication Device, Communication System and Storage Medium", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to a communication method, communication device, communication system and storage medium. Background Technology

[0003] With the widespread adoption of 5G NR systems' machine-type communication (MTC) and Internet of Things (IoT) communication, an increasing number of IoT devices are being deployed in people's lives. Ambient IoT (A-IoT) is a type of low-power IoT device. Based on different peak power consumption levels, A-IoT devices include device1, device2a, and device2b.

[0004] Device1 and Device2a send device-to-reader (D2R) signals based on the chip length of the line code and the number of repetitions of the line code codeword, or based on a combination of parameters such as the chip length of the square wave and the number of repetitions of the square wave, thereby completing the corresponding frequency domain resource allocation.

[0005] However, since the value of the repetition number affects the spacing between frequency domain resources, how to design the value of the repetition number to increase the frequency domain position of the transmitted signal is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides a communication method, communication device, communication system, and storage medium for indicating the number of repetitions of line code words or square waves.

[0007] The first aspect of this application provides a communication method. Optionally, the executing entity of this method may be a first device, which may be a network device, a component or device applied to the network device (e.g., a processor, circuit, chip, or chip system), or a logic module or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the network device (e.g., a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), or a radio unit (RU)). Taking a network device as an example, in this method, the first device determines first information, which is used to indicate a first value. The first value represents the first repetition number of a line codeword or square wave in a first signal. A square wave consists of a high-level code chip and a low-level code chip. Any value in the set of values ​​for the first value satisfies 1 or 2^N, and the set of values ​​for the first value includes at least one value not equal to 2. M M is a non-negative integer, and N is a positive integer. The first device sends the first message.

[0008] Based on the first aspect of this application, by expanding the set of values ​​for the first value, the number of selectable frequency domain positions is increased, thereby improving the capacity of D2R uplink transmission.

[0009] In some possible implementations, any value in the set of values ​​for the first value satisfies 1 or 4N, and the set of values ​​for the first value includes at least one value not equal to 2. M M is a non-negative integer, and N is a positive integer.

[0010] In this embodiment, by limiting any one of the values ​​in the set of first values ​​to satisfy 1 or 4N, the A-IoT device can, when determining the frequency domain position of the signal, make full use of the available frequency domain position and avoid the problem of mutual interference caused by the close frequency domain positions when different A-IoT devices send signals.

[0011] In some possible implementations, the first value represents the first repetition number of the square wave in the first signal, and any value in the set of values ​​of the first value satisfies 1 or 4N, or any value in the set of values ​​of the first value satisfies 1, 2 or 4N.

[0012] In this embodiment, since the first signal is obtained by XORing the line code word and the square wave, the first signal occupies a larger bandwidth. Therefore, by clarifying the conditions that the set of values ​​of the first value must satisfy when the first signal is obtained by XORing the line code word and the square wave, the A-IoT device can determine the frequency domain position of the signal based on the first value.

[0013] In some possible implementations, the first device may also receive a first signal. When the first value represents the first repetition number of a square wave, the first device may perform an XOR operation between the signal obtained after the square wave has been repeated a first number of times and the first signal to obtain a second signal; wherein, the geothermal signal may be a line codeword.

[0014] Alternatively, when the first value represents the first repetition number of a square wave, the first device can determine the second signal based on the first repetition number; wherein the second signal can be a square wave.

[0015] Alternatively, when the first value represents the first repetition number of the line code word, the first device can determine the second signal based on the first repetition number. The second signal can be the line code word.

[0016] In some possible implementations, the set of values ​​for the first value may not simultaneously include 1 and 2, or the set of values ​​for the first value may not simultaneously include 2 and 4, or the set of values ​​for the first value may not simultaneously include 1 and 4.

[0017] In this embodiment, by limiting the set of values ​​for the first value to not include at least two of 1, 2, and 4 at the same time, the problem of mutual interference between two users due to symbol frequency offset (SFO) is avoided.

[0018] In some possible implementations, the absolute value of the difference between any two values ​​in the set of possible values ​​for the first value is greater than 2.

[0019] In this embodiment, by limiting the interval between any two values ​​in the set of values ​​for the first value, the signals sent by multiple A-IoT devices do not overlap when they send signals, thereby avoiding the problem of mutual interference between two users due to SFO.

[0020] In some possible implementations, the first device may also receive the first signal based on the frequency domain position corresponding to the first repetition number of the line code or square wave.

[0021] In this embodiment, the first device enables the first device to receive the first signal according to the corresponding frequency domain position by indicating the first repetition number of the line code codeword or square wave, thereby realizing uplink transmission.

[0022] In some possible implementations, the line codeword is the Manchester codeword.

[0023] In this embodiment, the first device enables the A-IoT device to send a first signal using Manchester encoding by indicating the number of repetitions of the Manchester codeword.

[0024] In some possible implementations, the first device may also send N pieces of information, including the first information, wherein the i-th piece of information is used to indicate the i-th value, and the i-th value represents the i-th repetition number of the line code word or square wave in the first signal, where i is a positive integer.

[0025] Among them, the N values ​​indicated by the N information may have N possible values ​​that do not all include 1 and 2 at the same time, or may not all include 2 and 4 at the same time, or may not all include 1 and 4 at the same time.

[0026] In this embodiment, the first device indicates N pieces of information, enabling the A-IoT device to determine the frequency domain resources for sending the preamble based on the N values ​​indicated by the N pieces of information, thereby enabling a random access process.

[0027] A second aspect of this application provides a communication method. Optionally, the executing entity of this method may be a second device, which may be an A-IoT device, a component or device applied to the A-IoT device (e.g., a processor, circuit, chip, or chip system), or a logic module or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the A-IoT device. Taking the second device as an A-IoT device as an example, the second device receives first information, which is used to indicate a first value. The first value represents the first repetition number of a line code word or square wave in a first signal. A square wave is composed of a high-level code chip and a low-level code chip. Any value in the set of values ​​for the first value satisfies 1 or 2^N, and the set of values ​​for the first value includes at least one value not equal to 2. M M is a non-negative integer and N is a positive integer; the second device sends a first signal according to the first repetition number of the line code or square wave, and the first signal is used to carry the line code or square wave.

[0028] In some possible implementations, any one of the values ​​in the set of values ​​for the first value satisfies 1 or 4N.

[0029] In some possible implementations, the first value represents the first repetition number of the square wave in the first signal, and any value in the set of values ​​of the first value satisfies 1 or 4N, or any value in the set of values ​​of the first value satisfies 1, 2 or 4N.

[0030] In some possible implementations, when the first value represents the first repetition number of the line code codeword, the second device repeats the line code codeword the first repetition number to obtain the first signal;

[0031] Alternatively, when the first value represents the first repetition number of the square wave, the second device repeats the square wave the first repetition number to obtain the first signal;

[0032] Alternatively, when the first value represents the first repetition number of the square wave, the second device performs an XOR operation between the signal obtained after repeating the square wave the first number of times and the line code codeword to obtain the first signal.

[0033] In some possible implementations, the set of values ​​for the first value may not simultaneously include 1 and 2, or the set of values ​​for the first value may not simultaneously include 2 and 4, or the set of values ​​for the first value may not simultaneously include 1 and 4.

[0034] In some possible implementations, the absolute value of the difference between any two values ​​in the set of possible values ​​for the first value is greater than 2.

[0035] In some possible implementations, the line codeword is the Manchester codeword.

[0036] In some possible implementations, the second device receives N pieces of information, including first information. The i-th piece of information in the N pieces of information is used to indicate the i-th value, which represents the i-th repetition number of the line code word or square wave in the first signal. The N values ​​indicated by the N pieces of information correspond to N sets of values ​​that do not simultaneously include 1 and 2, or simultaneously include 2 and 4, or simultaneously include 1 and 4, where i is greater than or equal to 1. The second device can also determine the first repetition number of the line code word or square wave based on the first value indicated by the first information.

[0037] A third aspect of this application provides a communication device, which may be the first device described above. The communication device includes modules or units for performing the methods described in the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof.

[0038] A fourth aspect of this application provides a communication device, which may be the second device described above. The communication device includes modules or units for performing the methods described in the second aspect and any possible implementation thereof.

[0039] A fifth aspect of this application provides a communication device, which may be a first device or a second device, or a component applied to the first device or the second device (e.g., a processor, circuit, chip, or chip system), or a logic module or software (e.g., CU, DU, or RU) capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the first device or the second device. The communication device includes:

[0040] A processor for executing a program that causes the communication device to perform the method as described in the first or second aspect and any possible implementation thereof.

[0041] Optionally, the communication device further includes a memory, and the processor is coupled to the memory; the memory is used to store programs.

[0042] The sixth aspect of this application provides a chip or chip system including at least one processor and a communication interface, the communication interface and at least one processor being interconnected via a line, the at least one processor being used to run computer programs or instructions to perform the communication method described in any of the possible implementations of the first or second aspect.

[0043] The communication interface in the chip can be an input / output interface, pins, or circuits.

[0044] In one possible implementation, the chip or chip system described above in this application further includes at least one memory storing instructions. The memory can be an internal storage unit of the chip, such as a register or cache, or it can be a storage unit of the chip itself, such as a read-only memory or random access memory.

[0045] The seventh aspect of this application provides a communication system, including a communication device that performs the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof, and a communication device that performs the second aspect and any possible implementation thereof.

[0046] An eighth aspect of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium including instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method described in the first aspect above, or cause the computer to perform the method described in the second aspect above.

[0047] The ninth aspect of this application provides a computer program product containing instructions that, when run on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method described in the first aspect above, or cause the computer to perform the method described in the second aspect above. Attached Figure Description

[0048] Figure 1a is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the network architecture in this application;

[0049] Figure 1b is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the network architecture in this application;

[0050] Figure 1c is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the network architecture in this application;

[0051] Figure 2a is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the line code codeword and square wave in this application;

[0052] Figure 2b is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the line code codeword and square wave in this application;

[0053] Figure 2c is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the line code codeword and square wave in this application;

[0054] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the signal frequency domain location in this application;

[0055] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the communication method in this application;

[0056] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the signal frequency domain location in this application;

[0057] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the first signal in this application;

[0058] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the signal frequency domain location in this application;

[0059] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the communication method in this application;

[0060] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the communication device in this application;

[0061] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the communication device in this application;

[0062] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the communication device in this application;

[0063] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the communication device in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0064] First, a brief description of the network architecture on which the embodiments of this application are based:

[0065] Please refer to Figure 1a, which is a possible, non-limiting system schematic diagram. As shown in Figure 1a, the communication system 10 includes a radio access network (RAN) 100, a core network (CN) 200, and an Internet 300. RAN 100 includes at least one RAN node (110a and 110b in Figure 1a, collectively referred to as 110) and at least one terminal (120a-120j in Figure 1a, collectively referred to as 120). RAN 100 may also include other RAN nodes, such as wireless relay devices and / or wireless backhaul devices (not shown in Figure 1a). Terminal 120 is wirelessly connected to RAN node 110. RAN node 110 is wirelessly or wired connected to core network 200. The core network equipment in core network 200 and RAN node 110 in RAN 100 can be different physical devices, or they can be the same physical device integrating core network logical functions and radio access network logical functions.

[0066] RAN 100 can be a cellular system related to the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), such as a 4G, 5G, or future mobile communication system. RAN 100 can also be an open-radio access network (ORAN), a cloud-radio access network (CRAN), or a Wi-Fi system. RAN 100 can also be a communication system that integrates two or more of the above systems.

[0067] RAN node 110, sometimes also referred to as access network equipment, RAN entity, or access node, constitutes part of the communication system and is used to help terminals achieve wireless access. Multiple RAN nodes 110 in communication system 10 can be of the same type or different types. In some scenarios, the roles of RAN node 110 and terminal 120 are relative. For example, in Figure 1a, network element 120i can be a helicopter or drone, which can be configured as a mobile base station. For terminals 120j accessing RAN 100 through network element 120i, network element 120i is a base station; but for base station 110a, network element 120i is a terminal. RAN node 110 and terminal 120 are sometimes both referred to as communication devices. For example, in Figure 1a, network elements 110a and 110b can be understood as communication devices with base station functions, and network elements 120a-120j can be understood as communication devices with terminal functions.

[0068] In one possible scenario, access network equipment includes, but is not limited to: evolved Node B (eNodeB), radio network controller (RNC), Node B (NB), base station (BS), base station controller (BSC), base transceiver station (BTS), home base station (e.g., home evolved NodeB, or home Node B, HNB), baseband unit (BBU), access point (AP) in a Wi-Fi system, macro base station, micro base station, wireless relay node, donor node, radio controller in a CRAN scenario, wireless backhaul node, transmission point (TP), or transmission and reception point (TRP), etc., and can also be access network equipment in a 5G mobile communication system. For example, a next-generation NodeB (gNB), TRP, or TP in a new radio (NR) system; or one or a group of antenna panels (including multiple antenna panels) of a base station in a 5G mobile communication system; or, access network equipment can also be network nodes constituting a gNB or transmission point. Examples include centralized units (CU), distributed units (DU), centralized unit control planes (CU-CP), centralized unit user planes (CU-UP), or radio units (RU), etc. CUs and DUs can be separate or included in the same network element, such as a BBU. RUs can be included in radio equipment or radio units, such as in a remote radio unit (RRU), an active antenna unit (AAU), or a remote radio head (RRH). Alternatively, access network equipment can also be servers, wearable devices, vehicles, or in-vehicle equipment, etc. For example, the access network equipment in V2X technology can be a roadside unit (RSU).It should be understood that the aforementioned TRP can be a device or module located on the network side of the aforementioned communication system and possessing corresponding communication functions. The TRP typically contains a communication module, circuit, or chip that performs the corresponding communication functions. The TRP can also be configured with program instructions for the corresponding communication functions.

[0069] It should be noted that CU (or CU-CP and CU-UP), DU, or RU may have different names in different systems, but those skilled in the art will understand their meaning. For example, in an open radio access network (ORAN) system, CU can also be called an open centralized unit (O-CU) or an open CU, DU can also be called an open-distributed unit (O-DU), CU-CP can also be called an open-centralized unit control plane (O-CU-CP), CU-UP can also be called an open-centralized unit user plane (O-CU-UP), and RU can also be called an open radio unit (O-RU). This application does not limit the specific names. Any of the units CU, CU-CP, CU-UP, DU, and RU in this application can be implemented through software modules, hardware modules, or a combination of software and hardware modules.

[0070] Optionally, for network elements in the ORAN system, each network element can implement the protocol layer functions shown in Table 1 below.

[0071] Table 1

[0072] It should be noted that in the ORAN system, the access network equipment in this application can be one or more network elements listed in Table 1 above.

[0073] The architecture of the CU and DU of the access network equipment is described below. An access network equipment includes at least one CU and at least one DU. Optionally, the access network equipment may also include at least one RU.

[0074] The following description uses an access network device consisting of one CU and one DU as an example. The CU has some core network functions and can include CU-CP and CU-UP. The CU and DU can be configured according to the protocol layer functions of the wireless network they implement. For example, the CU may be configured to implement the functions of the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer and above (e.g., RRC and / or SDAP layers). The DU may be configured to implement the functions of protocol layers below the PDCP layer (e.g., RLC, MAC, and / or physical (PHY) layers). Alternatively, the CU may be configured to implement the functions of protocol layers above the PDCP layer (e.g., RRC and / or SDAP layers), and the DU may be configured to implement the functions of protocol layers below the PDCP layer (e.g., RLC, MAC, and / or PHY layers).

[0075] When a CU includes CU-CP and CU-UP, CU-CP is used to implement the control plane functions of the CU, and CU-UP is used to implement the user plane functions of the CU. For example, when a CU is configured to implement the functions of the PDCP layer, RRC layer, and SDAP layer, CU-CP is used to implement the RRC layer functions and the control plane functions of the PDCP layer, and CU-UP is used to implement the SDAP layer functions and the user plane functions of the PDCP layer.

[0076] The CU-CP can interact with network elements in the core network used to implement control plane functions. These network elements can be access and mobility management functions (AMFs). AMFs are responsible for mobility management in the mobile network, such as terminal device location updates, terminal device registration with the network, and terminal device handover.

[0077] CU-UP can interact with network elements in the core network used to implement user plane functions. These network elements, such as the user plane function (UPF) in a 5G system, are responsible for forwarding and receiving data in terminal devices.

[0078] The above CU and DU configurations are merely examples; the functions of the CU and DU can be configured as needed. For instance, the CU or DU can be configured to have more protocol layer functions, or only some protocol layer processing functions. For example, some RLC layer functions and protocol layer functions above the RLC layer can be placed in the CU, while the remaining RLC layer functions and protocol layer functions below the RLC layer can be placed in the DU. Furthermore, the functions of the CU or DU can be divided according to service type or other system requirements. For example, based on latency, functions that require low latency can be placed in the DU, while functions that do not require low latency can be placed in the CU.

[0079] DU and RU can cooperate to implement the functions of the PHY layer. A DU can be connected to one or more RUs. The functions of DU and RU can be configured in various ways depending on the design. For example, a DU can be configured to implement baseband functions, and an RU can be configured to implement mid-RF functions. Another example is that a DU can be configured to implement higher-level functions in the PHY layer, and an RU can be configured to implement lower-level functions in the PHY layer, or to implement both lower-level and RF functions. Higher-level functions in the physical layer can include a portion of the physical layer's functions that are closer to the MAC layer, while lower-level functions in the physical layer can include another portion of the physical layer's functions that are closer to the mid-RF side.

[0080] It should be noted that the access network equipment can be a device or apparatus with a chip, or a device or apparatus with integrated circuits, or a chip, chip system, module, or control unit in the aforementioned device or apparatus; this application does not impose any specific limitation. It should also be noted that in this application, the term "access network equipment" can refer to the access network equipment itself, or to the chip, functional module, or integrated circuit within the access network equipment that performs the method provided in this application; this application does not impose any specific limitation.

[0081] In another possible scenario, multiple RAN nodes collaborate to assist the terminal in achieving wireless access, with different RAN nodes each implementing some of the base station's functions. For example, RAN nodes can be CUs, DUs, CU-CPs, CU-UPs, or RUs. CUs and DUs can be configured separately or included in the same network element, such as a BBU. RUs can be included in radio frequency equipment or radio frequency units, such as RRUs, AAUs, or RRHs.

[0082] In different systems, CU (or CU-CP and CU-UP), DU, or RU may have different names, but those skilled in the art will understand their meaning. For example, in an ORAN system, CU can also be called O-CU (open CU), DU can also be called O-DU, CU-CP can also be called O-CU-CP, CU-UP can also be called O-CU-UP, and RU can also be called O-RU. For ease of description, this application uses CU, CU-CP, CU-UP, DU, and RU as examples. Any of the units among CU (or CU-CP, CU-UP), DU, and RU in this application can be implemented through software modules, hardware modules, or a combination of software and hardware modules.

[0083] A terminal can be a device or module that accesses the aforementioned communication system and has corresponding communication functions. A terminal can also be called a terminal device, user equipment (UE), mobile station, mobile terminal, etc. Terminals can be widely used in various scenarios, such as device-to-device (D2D), vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, MTC, Internet of Things (IoT), virtual reality, augmented reality, industrial control, autonomous driving, telemedicine, smart grids, smart homes, smart offices, smart wearables, intelligent transportation, smart cities, etc. A terminal can be a mobile phone, tablet computer, computer with wireless transceiver capabilities, wearable device, vehicle, drone, helicopter, airplane, ship, robot, robotic arm, smart home device, transportation vehicle with wireless communication capabilities, communication module, etc. The embodiments of this application do not limit the device form of the terminal. A terminal typically contains a communication module, circuit, or chip that performs the corresponding communication functions. The terminal can also be configured with program instructions for performing the corresponding communication functions.

[0084] As shown in Figure 1b, taking a network device as the base station and an ambient IoT (A-IoT) device as the terminal device as an example, A-IoT can be referred to as a passive IoT device or a passive tag, without specific limitations here. The A-IoT device communicates directly with the base station. Communication between the base station and the A-IoT device includes A-IoT data and / or signaling. The base station sending signals to the A-IoT device and the base station receiving signals from the A-IoT device can be different base stations.

[0085] In the communication process, the base station can be understood as a reader that communicates with the device. Therefore, the downlink communication link between the base station and the A-IoT device can also be called a reader-to-device (R2D) link or R2D communication. The uplink communication link between the A-IoT device and the base station is called a device-to-reader (D2R) link or D2R communication.

[0086] As shown in Figure 1c, taking the network device as the base station and the terminal device as the A-IoT device as an example, the A-IoT device communicates directly with the intermediate node. The intermediate node transfers the communication information between the base station and the A-IoT device. The intermediate node can be a relay node, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a terminal node, or a repeater—any node that enables A-IoT communication. When communicating with the base station, the intermediate node can receive information from the base station and forward it to the A-IoT device; conversely, when communicating with the A-IoT device, it can receive information from the A-IoT device and forward it to the base station.

[0087] Furthermore, the embodiments of this application can also be applied to other future communication technologies. The network architecture and service scenarios described in this application are for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of this application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided in this application. As those skilled in the art will understand, with the evolution of network architecture and the emergence of new service scenarios, the technical solutions provided in this application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0088] The following is a brief introduction to the concepts that may be involved in this application.

[0089] 1) A-IoT devices:

[0090] A-IoT devices can harvest energy from their surroundings, such as solar energy and radio frequency energy, and convert it into electrical energy for the devices' use. This energy harvesting method is typically characterized by low power consumption and high efficiency, enabling devices to operate stably in unattended or power-constrained environments.

[0091] In A-IoT devices, they can be divided into three different types based on their power consumption, energy storage capacity, or signal generation capability.

[0092] Device 1 has no energy storage and no independent signal generation capability. This type of device relies entirely on energy harvested from the surrounding environment to operate and cannot autonomously generate radio frequency signals for communication. They typically require assistance from other devices (such as base stations or readers) to complete data transmission and reception.

[0093] Device 2a has energy storage capabilities but lacks independent signal generation capabilities. Such devices can store energy collected from the surrounding environment for amplifying or processing reflected signals. While they cannot autonomously generate radio frequency signals, they can communicate by reflecting or modulating signals from other devices.

[0094] device2b has both energy storage and independent signal generation capabilities. This type of device can not only store energy collected from the surrounding environment but also autonomously generate radio frequency signals for communication. They can operate like traditional IoT devices, but with lower power consumption and higher energy efficiency.

[0095] 2) Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA):

[0096] FDMA divides the available spectrum resources into several narrow, non-overlapping sub-bands (or channels) by frequency allocation. Each user is assigned a fixed sub-band, and by distinguishing users by frequency band, multiple users can simultaneously use the spectrum resources. Its core principle is to divide the total bandwidth into multiple orthogonal channels, each corresponding to a specific frequency range, within which users communicate.

[0097] 3) Line code codeword:

[0098] Line code is the process of converting a signal output from a source or encoder into a digital signal suitable for transmission over a channel. The code type used is called the line code. The line codeword is the basic unit in this encoding process, consisting of a series of binary bits (0 and 1) used to represent specific information. The number of times a specific line codeword is transmitted consecutively is called the line codeword repetition count.

[0099] 4) Manchester encoding:

[0100] Manchester code, also known as Manchester encoding, split-phase code, bidirectional code, or phase encoding (PE), is a synchronous clock encoding technique. The Manchester codeword is the basic unit in the Manchester encoding process and is a type of line codeword. In Manchester encoding, each bit has a transition in the middle, which serves as both a clock signal and a data signal. As shown in Figure 2a, a low-to-high transition represents "0," and a high-to-low transition represents "1." The number of repetitions in the Manchester codeword is shown in Figure 2b; the bit information "1" is sent consecutively four times, meaning the repetition count is 4.

[0101] 5) Square wave:

[0102] A square wave is a periodic waveform signal whose voltage alternates between two different levels. In the embodiments of this application, a square wave consists of a high-level chip and a low-level chip. The high-level chip may appear first, followed by the low-level chip; alternatively, the low-level chip may appear first, followed by the high-level chip. The specific order is not limited here.

[0103] The duration of a high-level or low-level chip is called the chip length. As shown in Figure 2c, the transmission time of a line code word or square wave is 2 * chip length, and the transmission time of one information bit is 2 * chip length * number of repetitions.

[0104] In the embodiments of this application, the repetition number represents the number of times the codeword of the line code is repeated or the number of times the square wave is repeated. The repetition number can also be called the frequency factor, or the frequency shift factor, or the small frequency shift factor.

[0105] Taking Figure 1b as an example, when an A-IoT device sends a D2R signal to a base station, in order to maintain a constant transmission bandwidth, the duration of transmitting 1 bit of the D2R signal needs to remain constant. Therefore, the more repetitions, the shorter the chip length. Since the period of the D2R signal is 2 * chip length, the more repetitions, the shorter the period of the line code or square wave. Because the center frequency of the D2R signal is equal to 1 / period, i.e., 1 / (2 * chip length), the shorter the period, the higher the corresponding center frequency of the D2R signal.

[0106] The base station can configure A-IoT devices with parameters such as the chip length of the line code and the number of repetitions of the line code codewords, or a combination of parameters such as the chip length of the square wave and the number of repetitions of the square wave. This enables the A-IoT device to transmit D2R signals according to the parameter combination. The number of repetitions is set to 2. N The possible center frequency location of the D2R signal is shown in Figure 3. However, as the value of R increases, there will be larger gaps between frequency domain resources, leading to a waste of frequency domain resources.

[0107] Based on this, this application provides a method. Please refer to Figure 4, which is a schematic diagram of a communication method provided in this application. The method shown in Figure 4 is executed interactively by a first device and a second device. The first device can be a network device, or a component or device applied to a network device (e.g., a processor, circuit, chip, or chip system), or a logic module or software (e.g., CU, DU, or RU) capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the network device. The second device can be an A-IoT device, or a component or device applied to an A-IoT device (e.g., a processor, circuit, chip, or chip system), or a logic module or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the A-IoT device. This method can be applied to the system architecture shown in Figure 1b or Figure 1c. The method includes:

[0108] 401. The first device determines the first information.

[0109] The first information is used to indicate the first value, which represents the first repetition number of the line code word or square wave in the first signal. Any value in the set of values ​​for the first value satisfies 1 or 2^N, and the set of values ​​for the first value includes at least one value not equal to 2. M M is a non-negative integer, and N is a positive integer.

[0110] Specifically, the first repetition number of the line code word or square wave in the first signal can be understood as the number of times the second device sends the uplink signal based on the first repetition number of the line code word or square wave when sending the uplink signal. Here, the first repetition number of the square wave can be understood as the number of periods or cycles of the square wave, but this is not specifically defined here.

[0111] The first device schedules the second device to send a first signal via a first information. The scheduling of the second device by the first device can be understood as allocating frequency domain resources to the second device. Specifically, the second device can determine the frequency domain position of the signal based on the first repetition number of the line codeword or square wave. The set of possible values ​​for the first value is the set of values ​​for a single scheduling operation, that is, the possible range of values ​​for the first value in a single scheduling operation.

[0112] Optionally, the set of possible values ​​for the first value is a subset of the set of all possible values ​​for the first value. This set of all possible values ​​for the first value can also be called the candidate value set of the first value. In other words, the set of possible values ​​for the first value is a subset of the candidate value set. Any value in the candidate value set of the first value satisfies 1 or 2N. For example, when N=1, 2N=2; when N=2, 2N=4; and so on, resulting in the candidate value set of the first value being {1, 2, 4, 6, 8, ..., 2N}.

[0113] In this embodiment of the application, since the set of values ​​for the first value includes at least one value not equal to 2... MAnd any value in the set of values ​​for the first value satisfies 1 or 2N, therefore relative to 2 M The range of possible values ​​for the first value is expanded beyond the range of possible values, thereby increasing the number of selectable frequency domain positions and thus improving the uplink transmission capacity of D2R. For example, if the range of possible values ​​for the first value is outside the range of {1, 4, 8, 16}, and satisfies N = 6 and 2N is equal to 12, then the range of possible values ​​for the first value can be {1, 4, 8, 12, 16}.

[0114] Optionally, the set of possible values ​​for the first value must include at least one value that is not equal to 2. M And any value in the set of possible values ​​for the first value satisfies this condition. 1.5*2 M Where M is a positive integer, therefore relative to 2 M The set of candidate values ​​for the first value is expanded beyond the range of possible values. For example, if the set of possible values ​​for the first value is outside the set of values ​​{1, 4, 8, 16}, then M = 3, 1.5 * 2. M If the value is 12, then the set of possible values ​​for the first value can be {1, 4, 8, 12, 16}.

[0115] Optionally, the line codeword can be a Manchester codeword; however, this application does not limit the naming of the codeword.

[0116] Figure 5 illustrates the possible frequency domain positions of the signal when the second device transmits the signal via Manchester codeword or square wave under different values ​​of the first repetition number. The square wave can also be referred to as a wireless code square wave, or simply a square wave; the naming of this application embodiment is not limited in this regard.

[0117] Since the period of a line codeword or square wave is equal to the duration of one transmission of the line codeword or square wave (2 * chip length), and duration = 2 * chip length * number of repetitions, the period can be understood as duration / number of repetitions. The center frequency of the signal transmitted by the second device can be calculated based on 1 / period, therefore the position of the center frequency can be understood as number of repetitions / duration. Furthermore, since the duration remains constant with a constant transmission bandwidth, the position of the center frequency is related to the number of repetitions.

[0118] Optionally, any value in the candidate value set of the first value satisfies 1 or 4N, or any value in the candidate value set of the first value satisfies 1, 2, or 4N. Specifically, the second device can XOR the line codeword and the square wave to obtain the first signal. In other words, the first signal is obtained by the second device XORing the line codeword and the square wave. As shown in Figure 6, the line codeword is a Manchester codeword. When the line codeword and the square wave are the same, the first signal is low; when the line codeword and the square wave are different, the first signal is high. The first signal can also be called Manchester with option 2; however, this application does not limit the naming of the signal.

[0119] Since the first signal is obtained by XORing the line code codeword and the second signal, the first signal occupies a larger bandwidth. This means that any value in the candidate value set of the first value must satisfy 1 or 4N, or any value in the candidate value set of the first value must satisfy 1, 2, or 4N. For example, when N=1, 4N=4; when N=2, 4N=8; and so on, the candidate value set of the first value is obtained as {1, 4, 8, 12, ..., 4N}, or the candidate value set of the first value is {1, 2, 4, 8, 12, ..., 4N}.

[0120] It should be noted that if there is at least one value in the candidate value set of the first value that does not satisfy 1 or 4N, the signal at the frequency domain position corresponding to the at least one value will interfere with the signal at other frequency domain positions, thereby causing the signal to be unable to be received correctly.

[0121] Figure 7 shows the possible frequency domain positions of the first signal when the second device sends the first signal under different values ​​of the first repetition number. Among them, when the first repetition number is 1, the frequency domain position of the first signal is the same as that of the first signal in Figure 5 when the first repetition number is 1.

[0122] In this embodiment, the signal transmitted by the second device can be a D2R signal or a signal carried by the AIoT terminal-to-reader channel (PDRCH). The signal transmitted by the second device can also be referred to as an uplink signal transmitted by the second device, and the specific meaning is not limited here.

[0123] Optionally, any value in the candidate value set for the first value, in addition to satisfying 1 or 2N, may also have at least one value satisfying 2N+1. Alternatively, the candidate value set for the first value may include a value from 2N+1 in addition to 1 or 2N. For example, when N=1, 2N+1=3, then the candidate value set for the first value is {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, ..., 2N}, without further limitation here.

[0124] It should be noted that during actual scheduling, if two different A-IoT devices transmit signals with their frequency domain positions close together, a slight frequency deviation may occur due to SFO (Signal Frequency Occurrence). This deviation may make the signal difficult to decode correctly at the receiving end, thus causing interference. Specifically, if a user's signal frequency deviates from the expected frequency, and this signal overlaps with other users' signals in the same frequency band, the receiving end may have difficulty distinguishing between the two signals, leading to data decoding errors or degraded communication quality.

[0125] Therefore, within the range of values ​​for a single scheduling operation, it is necessary to limit the possible values ​​of the first value. That is, the set of possible values ​​for the first value needs to meet certain conditions to avoid mutual interference between two users due to SFO (Scheduled Forwarding).

[0126] Optionally, the set of values ​​for the first value satisfies one or more of the following:

[0127] 1) Not including 1 and 2 at the same time;

[0128] Optionally, when the first signal is a line code word or a square wave, it may not include both 1 and 2 simultaneously.

[0129] 2) Not both 2 and 4 are included at the same time;

[0130] Optionally, when the first signal is a line code word or a square wave, it may not include both 2 and 4 simultaneously.

[0131] 3) Not including 1 and 4 at the same time;

[0132] Optionally, when the first signal is obtained by XORing the line codeword and the square wave, it may not include both 1 and 4 simultaneously.

[0133] Taking the frequency domain position shown in Figure 5 as an example, when the first signal is a line codeword (the line codeword is a Manchester codeword) or a square wave, the first signal corresponding to the first repetition number 1 overlaps with the first signal corresponding to the first repetition number 2, which may lead to data decoding errors or a decrease in communication quality. The first signal corresponding to the first repetition number 2 is adjacent to the first signal corresponding to the first repetition number 4, which may cause mutual interference between the signals of the two users due to SFO.

[0134] Taking the frequency domain position shown in Figure 7 as an example, when the first signal is obtained by XOR operation of the line code word and the square wave, the signal corresponding to the first repetition number of 1 is adjacent to the first signal corresponding to the first repetition number of 4. Therefore, the signals of the two users may interfere with each other due to SFO.

[0135] Optionally, the interval between any two values ​​in the set of possible values ​​for the first value is greater than 2. For example, the set of possible values ​​for the first value is {1, 4, 10, 14} or {1, 4, 8, 12, 16}. Another example is {2, 8, 16}.

[0136] Optionally, in the set of values ​​for the first value, except for the value 1, the differences between adjacent values ​​are equally spaced. For example, the difference between adjacent values ​​is 4 or 8.

[0137] Optionally, in the set of values ​​for the first value, except for the value of 2, the differences between adjacent values ​​are equally spaced.

[0138] Optionally, in the set of values ​​for the first value, apart from values ​​of 1 and 2, the differences between adjacent values ​​are equally spaced.

[0139] Optionally, the interval between any two values ​​in the set of values ​​for the first value is greater than a first preset value, which is predefined by the protocol or preconfigured by the protocol.

[0140] 402. The first device sends first information to the second device. Correspondingly, the second device receives the first information from the first device.

[0141] The second device generates a first signal based on the first repetition number of the line codeword or square wave represented by the first value in the first information, adjusts the signal according to the frequency domain position corresponding to the first repetition number, and then transmits the first signal. The first signal is a D2R signal.

[0142] Optionally, the embodiment shown in Figure 4 further includes step 403. Step 403 may be performed after step 402.

[0143] 403. The first device receives the signal according to the frequency domain position corresponding to the first repetition number.

[0144] The first device determines the corresponding frequency domain position based on the line codeword, the first repetition number of the square wave, and the chip length. The first device receives the first signal from the second device at the corresponding frequency domain position.

[0145] When the first value represents the first repetition number of the square wave, the first device can perform an XOR operation between the signal obtained after the square wave has been repeated the first time and the first signal to obtain the second signal. At this time, the second signal is the line codeword.

[0146] When the first value represents the first repetition number of the square wave, the first device can determine the second signal based on the first repetition number. At this time, the second signal is a square wave.

[0147] When the first value represents the first repetition number of the line code word, the first device can determine the second signal based on the first repetition number. At this time, the second signal is the line code word.

[0148] Correspondingly, when the first value represents the first repetition number of the square wave, the second device can perform an XOR operation between the signal obtained after the square wave has been repeated the first time and the line code word to obtain the first signal.

[0149] When the first value represents the first repetition number of the square wave, the second device can repeat the square wave the first repetition number to obtain the first signal.

[0150] When the first value represents the first repetition number of the line code word, the second device can repeat the line code word the first repetition number to obtain the first signal.

[0151] The above describes the method by which the first device schedules the second device to send uplink signals. The following describes the interaction between the first and second devices when the second device performs random access.

[0152] Please refer to Figure 8. One communication method in this embodiment includes:

[0153] 801. The first device sends N messages to the second device. Correspondingly, the second device receives N messages from the first device.

[0154] Specifically, the first device sends N pieces of information to the second device. These N pieces of information include a first piece of information. The i-th piece of information in the N pieces of information is used to indicate the i-th value. The i-th value is the number of repetitions of the line code word or square wave in the first signal indicated by the i-th piece of information, where i is a positive integer. For example, when i = 1, it is the number of repetitions of the line code word or square wave indicated by the first piece of information, which is the first repetition count; when i = 2, it is the number of repetitions of the line code word or square wave indicated by the second piece of information, which is the second repetition count; when i = 5, it is the number of repetitions of the line code word or square wave indicated by the fifth piece of information, which is the fifth repetition count. The specific repetition count is not limited here.

[0155] For example, the first device sends three pieces of information to the second device, including a first piece of information, a second piece of information, and a third piece of information. The first piece of information can be understood as the first piece of information among N pieces of information when i=1; the second piece of information can be understood as the second piece of information among N pieces of information when i=2; and the third piece of information can be understood as the third piece of information among N pieces of information when i=3. The first, second, and third pieces of information indicate a first value, a second value, and a third value, respectively. The range of values ​​for the first, second, and third values ​​is a subset of the candidate value set for the first value in the aforementioned embodiments.

[0156] Optionally, the first information, the second information, and the third information are included in the first message. The first message may be a message that triggers the second device to perform random access, or a message that triggers the second device to send Msg1.

[0157] It should be noted that the three sets of values ​​corresponding to the first, second, and third values ​​satisfy one or more of the following. Alternatively, it can be understood that the union of the sets of values ​​for the first, second, and third values ​​satisfies one or more of the following:

[0158] 1) Not including 1 and 2 at the same time;

[0159] Optionally, when the first signal is a line code word or a square wave, it may not include both 1 and 2 simultaneously.

[0160] 2) Not both 2 and 4 are included at the same time;

[0161] Optionally, when the first signal is a line code word or a square wave, it may not include both 2 and 4 simultaneously.

[0162] 3) Not including 1 and 4 at the same time.

[0163] Optionally, when the first signal is obtained by XORing the line codeword and the square wave, it may not include both 1 and 4 simultaneously.

[0164] When the second device transmits a signal via Manchester codeword or second square wave, in order to prevent the signals between different devices from interfering with each other, the set of values ​​cannot include 1 and 2 at the same time, or 2 and 4 at the same time.

[0165] When the second device sends the first signal, in order to prevent the signals between different devices from interfering with each other, the set of values ​​cannot include both 1 and 4 at the same time.

[0166] For example, if the set of values ​​for the first value is {1, 6, 10, 14}, then the set of values ​​for the second value and the set of values ​​for the third value cannot include 2 or 4. In other words, not only must the above conditions be satisfied in the set of values ​​for each of the N values, but the union of the sets of values ​​for each of the N values ​​must also satisfy the above conditions.

[0167] 802. The first device receives the signal according to the frequency domain position corresponding to the first repetition number.

[0168] The second device generates a D2R signal based on the first value in the first information, representing the first number of repetitions of the line code or square wave, adjusts the frequency domain position corresponding to the first number of repetitions, and sends the first signal on the PDRCH.

[0169] When the first value represents the first repetition number of the square wave, the first device can perform an XOR operation between the signal obtained after the square wave has been repeated the first time and the first signal to obtain the second signal. At this time, the second signal is the line codeword.

[0170] When the first value represents the first repetition number of the square wave, the first device can determine the second signal based on the first repetition number. At this time, the second signal is a square wave.

[0171] When the first value represents the first repetition number of the line code word, the first device can determine the second signal based on the first repetition number. At this time, the second signal is the line code word.

[0172] Correspondingly, when the first value represents the first repetition number of the square wave, the second device can perform an XOR operation between the signal obtained after the square wave has been repeated the first time and the line code word to obtain the first signal.

[0173] When the first value represents the first repetition number of the square wave, the second device can repeat the square wave the first repetition number to obtain the first signal.

[0174] When the first value represents the first repetition number of the line code word, the second device can repeat the line code word the first repetition number to obtain the first signal.

[0175] It should be noted that the frequency domain position is determined based on the first repetition count and the duration of one information bit. The duration of one information bit can be configured, predefined, or indicated. The transmission bandwidth of the first signal is related to the duration of one information bit. For example, when the first signal is a line codeword or a square wave, the transmission bandwidth in the frequency domain of the first signal is equal to 4 / (the duration of one information bit). The transmission duration of a line codeword or square wave is 2 * chip length, while the transmission duration of one information bit is 2 * chip length * repetition count. Since the center frequency of the first signal in the frequency domain is equal to 1 / (2 * chip length), when the duration of one information bit remains unchanged (i.e., the chip length * repetition count remains constant), the transmission bandwidth remains unchanged. The shorter the chip length, the higher the center frequency corresponding to the first signal.

[0176] The first device determines the corresponding frequency domain position based on the line codeword, the first repetition number of the square wave, and the chip length. The first device receives the D2R signal from the second device at the corresponding frequency domain position, thereby achieving random access.

[0177] It should be noted that, in addition to sending N pieces of information to the second device, the first device can also send a first indication message to the second device. The first indication message indicates the usable small frequency shift factor (SFS) within the set of values ​​for the first bit length. The first bit length indicates the transmission time of a single bit, in microseconds. The small frequency shift factor can also be referred to as the amount of small frequency shift, but this is not specifically defined here.

[0178] Optionally, the number of bits contained in the first indication information is related to the number of small frequency shift factors corresponding to the first bit length. The set of values ​​for the small frequency shift factors corresponding to the first bit length is shown in Table 2 below (unit: microseconds):

[0179] Table 2: Set of values ​​for the small frequency shift factor corresponding to the first bit length.

[0180] As shown in the table above, when the length of the first bit is 266.67 microseconds, the corresponding set of small frequency shift factor values ​​is R = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128}, and the number of small frequency shift factors is 8. Therefore, the first indication information contains 8 bits. When the length of the first bit is 133.33 microseconds, the corresponding set of small frequency shift factor values ​​is R = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64}, and the number of small frequency shift factors is 7. Therefore, the first indication information contains 7 bits.

[0181] Optionally, the first indication information includes a bitmap, where the indices of bits with a value of "1" correspond to indices in the set of small frequency shift factor values. The small frequency shift factor corresponding to that index in the set of small frequency shift factor values ​​is the usable small frequency shift factor. Here, the index j of the bits with a value of "1" in the first indication information represents the j-th element in the set, where j is a positive integer.

[0182] For example, when the length of the first bit is 266.67 microseconds, the first indication information contains 8 bits. If the first indication information is {1001001}, then the indices of the bits containing the value "1" are 1, 4, and 8. These correspond to the indices of the small frequency shift factor set R = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128}, which are the 1st, 4th, and 8th small frequency shift factors. In this case, the usable small frequency shift factors are R = {1, 8, 128}.

[0183] For example, when the length of the first bit is 133.33 microseconds, the first indication information contains 7 bits. If the first indication information is {101001}, then the indices of the bits containing the first indication information that have a value of 1 are 1, 3, and 7. These correspond to the indices of the small frequency shift factor value set R = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64}, which are the 1st, 3rd, and 7th small frequency shift factors. In this case, the usable small frequency shift factor is R = {1, 4, 64}.

[0184] The communication method in the embodiments of this application has been described above. The communication device in the embodiments of this application is described below. Referring to Figure 9, the communication device 900 can be used to execute the process performed by the first device in the embodiments shown in Figure 4 or Figure 8. For details, please refer to the relevant descriptions in the foregoing method embodiments. The communication device 900 can be a network device, a component or device applied to a network device (e.g., a processor, circuit, chip, or chip system), or a logic module or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of a network device.

[0185] The communication device 900 includes an interface module 901 and a processing module 902.

[0186] The processing module 902 is used for data processing. The interface module 901 can implement corresponding communication functions. The interface module 901 can also be called a communication interface or a communication module.

[0187] Optionally, the communication device 900 may further include a storage module, which can be used to store program code, program instructions and / or data. The processing module 902 can read the instructions and / or data in the storage module so that the communication device 900 can implement the aforementioned method embodiments.

[0188] The communication device 900 can be used to perform the actions performed by the first device in the above method embodiments. For example, it can be the first device, a communication module within the first device, or a circuit or chip in the first device responsible for communication functions. The communication device 900 can be the first device or a component configurable within the first device. The processing module 902 is used to perform processing-related operations on the first device side in the above method embodiments. The interface module 901 is used to perform receiving-related operations on the first device side in the above method embodiments.

[0189] Optionally, the interface module 901 may include a sending module and a receiving module. The sending module is used to perform the sending operation in the above method embodiments. The receiving module is used to perform the receiving operation in the above method embodiments.

[0190] It should be noted that the communication device 900 may include a transmitting module but not a receiving module. Alternatively, the communication device 900 may include a receiving module but not a transmitting module. Specifically, it depends on whether the above-described scheme performed by the communication device 900 includes both transmitting and receiving actions. For example, the communication device 900 is used to perform the actions performed by the first device in the embodiments shown in FIG4 or FIG8. For details, please refer to the relevant descriptions in the embodiments shown in FIG4 or FIG8, which will not be elaborated here.

[0191] For example, the communication device 900 is used to execute the following scheme:

[0192] Processing module 902 is used to determine first information, which indicates a first value. The first value represents the first repetition number of the line code word or square wave in the first signal. A square wave is composed of a high-level code chip and a low-level code chip. Any value in the set of values ​​for the first value satisfies 1 or 2^N, and the set of values ​​for the first value includes at least one value not equal to 2. M M is a non-negative integer, and N is a positive integer;

[0193] Interface module 901 is used to send the first information.

[0194] The descriptions of the first value, line code, and square wave can be found in the aforementioned embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0195] In one possible implementation, the interface module 901 is also used to receive a signal based on the frequency domain position corresponding to the first repetition number of the line codeword or square wave.

[0196] In another possible implementation, interface module 901 is used to send the first information, including:

[0197] Interface module 901 is specifically used to send N pieces of information. The N pieces of information include the first piece of information. The i-th piece of information in the N pieces of information is used to indicate the i-th value. The i-th value represents the i-th repetition number of the line code codeword or square wave in the first signal, where i is a positive integer.

[0198] Among them, the N values ​​indicated by the N information may have N possible values ​​that do not all include 1 and 2 at the same time, or may not all include 2 and 4 at the same time, or may not all include 1 and 4 at the same time.

[0199] It should be understood that the specific procedures for each module to perform the above-mentioned corresponding processes have been described in detail in the above method embodiments, and will not be repeated here for the sake of brevity.

[0200] The processing module 902 in the above embodiments can be implemented by at least one processor or processor-related circuitry. The interface module 901 can be implemented by a transceiver or transceiver-related circuitry. The interface module 901 can also be referred to as a communication module or communication interface. The storage module can be implemented by at least one memory.

[0201] The following is another structural schematic diagram of the communication device according to an embodiment of this application. Referring to Figure 10, the communication device can be used to execute the process performed by the second device in the embodiment shown in Figure 4 or Figure 8. For details, please refer to the relevant description in the foregoing method embodiments. The communication device 1000 can be an A-IoT device, or a component or device applied to an A-IoT device (e.g., a processor, circuit, chip, or chip system, etc.), or a logic module or software that can implement all or part of the functions of an A-IoT device.

[0202] The communication device 1000 includes an interface module 1001. Optionally, a processing module 1002.

[0203] The processing module 1002 is used for data processing. The interface module 1001 can implement corresponding communication functions. The interface module 1001 can also be called a communication interface or a communication module.

[0204] Optionally, the communication device 1000 may further include a storage module, which can be used to store program code, program instructions and / or data. The processing module 1002 can read the instructions and / or data in the storage module so that the communication device 1000 can implement the aforementioned method embodiments.

[0205] The communication device 1000 can be used to perform the actions performed by the second device in the above method embodiments. For example, it can be the second device, a communication module within the second device, or a circuit or chip in the second device responsible for communication functions. The communication device 1000 can be the second device or a component configurable within the second device. The processing module 1002 is used to perform processing-related operations on the second device side in the above method embodiments. The interface module 1001 is used to perform receiving-related operations on the second device side in the above method embodiments.

[0206] Optionally, the interface module 1001 may include a sending module and a receiving module. The sending module is used to perform the sending operation in the above method embodiments. The receiving module is used to perform the receiving operation in the above method embodiments.

[0207] It should be noted that the communication device 1000 may include a transmitting module but not a receiving module. Alternatively, the communication device 1000 may include a receiving module but not a transmitting module. Specifically, it depends on whether the above-described scheme executed by the communication device 1000 includes both transmitting and receiving actions. For example, the communication device 1000 is used to perform the actions performed by the second device in the embodiments shown in FIG4 or FIG8. For details, please refer to the relevant descriptions in the embodiments shown in FIG4 or FIG8, which will not be elaborated here.

[0208] For example, the communication device 1000 is used to execute the following scheme:

[0209] Interface module 1001 is used to receive first information, which indicates a first value. The first value represents the first repetition number of the line code word or square wave in the first signal. A square wave is composed of a high-level code chip and a low-level code chip. Any value in the set of values ​​for the first value satisfies 1 or 2^N, and the set of values ​​for the first value includes at least one value not equal to 2. M M is a non-negative integer, and N is a positive integer;

[0210] Processing module 1002 is used to determine the first repetition number of the line code codeword or square wave;

[0211] The interface module 1001 is also used to send a signal according to the first repetition of the line code or square wave, the signal being used to carry the line code or square wave.

[0212] The descriptions of the first value, line code, and square wave can be found in the aforementioned embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0213] In one possible implementation, interface module 1001 is used to receive first information, including:

[0214] Interface module 1001 is specifically used to receive N pieces of information. The N pieces of information include a first piece of information. The i-th piece of information in the N pieces of information is used to indicate the i-th value. The i-th value represents the i-th repetition number of the line code codeword in the first signal or the i-th repetition number of the square wave. The N values ​​indicated by the N pieces of information correspond to the N value sets that do not simultaneously include 1 and 2, or, do not simultaneously include 2 and 4, or, do not simultaneously include 1 and 4, where i is greater than or equal to 1.

[0215] The processing module 1002 is specifically used to determine the first repetition number of the line code codeword or square wave based on the first value indicated by the first information.

[0216] It should be understood that the specific procedures for each module to perform the above-mentioned corresponding processes have been described in detail in the above method embodiments, and will not be repeated here for the sake of brevity.

[0217] Optionally, when the communication device 1000 is an A-IoT device or a communication module within an A-IoT device, the processing module 1002 in the above embodiments can be implemented by at least one processor or processor-related circuitry. Specifically, the processor may include a modem chip, or a system-on-chip (SoC) chip containing a modem core, or a system-in-package (SIP) chip. The interface module 1001 can be implemented by a transceiver or transceiver-related circuitry. The interface module 1001 may also be referred to as a communication module or communication interface. The storage module can be implemented by at least one memory.

[0218] Optionally, when the communication device 1000 is a circuit or chip responsible for communication functions in an A-IoT device, such as a modem chip or a SoC chip or SIP chip containing a modem core, the function of the processing module 1002 can be implemented by a circuit system in the aforementioned chip that includes one or more processors or processing cores. The function of the interface module 1001 can be implemented by the interface circuit or data transceiver circuit on the aforementioned chip.

[0219] The following describes a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. Please refer to Figure 11, which is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. The communication device may be the first device or the second device in the above method embodiments, or it may be a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the first device or the second device in implementing the above methods. This communication device can be used to implement the methods described in the above method embodiments, and for details, please refer to the description in the above method embodiments.

[0220] The communication device may include one or more processors 1101, which are connected to a memory 1102, an input / output unit 1103, and a bus 1104. The processor 1101 may be a general-purpose processor or a dedicated processor, such as a baseband processor or a central processing unit (CPU). The baseband processor can be used to process communication protocols and communication data, while the CPU can be used to control the communication device (e.g., base station, baseband chip, terminal, terminal chip, DU or CU, etc.), execute software programs, and process data from the software programs.

[0221] Optionally, the communication device may include one or more memories 1102, which may store instructions that can be executed on the processor 1101, causing the communication device to perform the methods described in the above method embodiments. Optionally, the memories 1102 may also store data. The processor 1101 and the memories 1102 may be configured separately or integrated together.

[0222] Optionally, the communication device may also include a transceiver and an antenna. A transceiver, also called a transceiver unit, transceiver, or transceiver circuit, is used to implement transmission and reception functions. A transceiver may include a receiver and a transmitter; the receiver, also called a receiver circuit, is used to implement the receiving function; the transmitter, also called a transmitter or transmitting circuit, is used to implement the transmitting function.

[0223] In another possible design, the processor 1101 may include a transceiver for implementing receive and transmit functions. For example, the transceiver may be a transceiver circuit, an interface, or an interface circuit. The transceiver circuit, interface, or interface circuit for implementing receive and transmit functions may be separate or integrated. The aforementioned transceiver circuit, interface, or interface circuit may be used for reading and writing code / data, or it may be used for transmitting or relaying signals.

[0224] In another possible design, the processor 1101 may optionally store instructions that, when executed, cause the communication device to perform the methods described in the above method embodiments. The instructions may be stored in the processor 1101; in this case, the processor 1101 may be implemented in hardware.

[0225] In another possible design, the communication device may include a circuit that can perform the transmitting or receiving or communication functions of the first or second device in the aforementioned method embodiments. The processor and transceiver described in this application embodiment can be implemented on integrated circuits (ICs), analog ICs, radio frequency integrated circuits (RFICs), mixed-signal ICs, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), printed circuit boards (PCBs), electronic devices, etc. The processor and transceiver can also be manufactured using various IC process technologies, such as complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS), n-type metal-oxide-semiconductor (NMOS), p-type metal oxide semiconductors (PMOS), bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), bipolar CMOS (BiCMOS), silicon germanium (SiGe), gallium arsenide (GaAs), etc.

[0226] The communication device described in the above embodiments may be a first device or a second device, but the scope of the communication device described in the embodiments of this application is not limited thereto, and the structure of the communication device may not be limited to FIG11. The communication device may be a standalone device or may be part of a larger device. For example, the communication device may be:

[0227] (1) Independent integrated circuit IC, or chip, or chip system or subsystem;

[0228] (2) A collection of one or more ICs, optionally including a storage component for storing data and instructions;

[0229] (3) ASIC, such as modem;

[0230] (4) Modules that can be embedded in other devices;

[0231] (5) Receivers, terminals, smart terminals, cellular phones, wireless devices, handheld devices, mobile units, vehicle-mounted devices, network devices, cloud devices, artificial intelligence devices, etc.

[0232] (6) Others, etc.

[0233] For communication devices that can be chips or chip systems, please refer to the schematic diagram of the chip structure shown in Figure 12. The chip 1200 shown in Figure 12 includes a processor 1201 and an interface 1202. Optionally, it may also include a memory 1203. The number of processors 1201 can be one or more, and the number of interfaces 1202 can be multiple.

[0234] For cases where the chip is used to implement the functions of the first or second device in the embodiments of this application:

[0235] The interface 1202 is used to receive or output signals;

[0236] The processor 1201 is used to perform data processing operations of the first device or the second device.

[0237] It is understood that some optional features in the embodiments of this application can be implemented independently in certain scenarios without relying on other features, such as the current solution on which they are based, to solve the corresponding technical problems and achieve the corresponding effects. Alternatively, they can be combined with other features as needed in certain scenarios. Correspondingly, the communication device given in the embodiments of this application can also implement these features or functions, which will not be elaborated here.

[0238] It should be understood that the processor in the embodiments of this application can be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. In implementation, the steps of the above method embodiments can be completed by integrated logic circuits in the processor's hardware or by instructions in software form. The processor described above can be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components.

[0239] It is understood that the memory in the embodiments of this application can be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. The volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example, but not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous linked dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct rambus RAM (DR RAM). It should be noted that the memory used in the systems and methods described herein is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0240] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium including instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the methods described in the foregoing embodiments. The computer-readable storage medium may be a non-volatile storage medium.

[0241] This application also provides a computer program product containing instructions that, when run on a computer, cause the computer to perform the methods described in the foregoing embodiments.

[0242] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0243] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units through some interfaces, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0244] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0245] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0246] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0247] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved, in whole or in part, through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium accessible to a computer or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available media may be magnetic media (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes), optical media (e.g., high-density digital video discs (DVDs)), or semiconductor media (e.g., solid-state disks (SSDs)).

[0248] References to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" as described in this application mean that one or more embodiments of this application include a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment. Therefore, the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," "in still other embodiments," etc., appearing in different parts of this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but rather mean "one or more, but not all, embodiments," unless otherwise specifically emphasized. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof mean "including but not limited to," unless otherwise specifically emphasized.

[0249] In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, " / " means "or". For example, A / B can mean A or B. "And / or" in this document is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. Furthermore, "at least one" means one or more, and "multiple" means two or more. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or multiple items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c; a and b; a and c; b and c; or a and b and c. Where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that, Applied to a first device, the method includes: First information is determined, which indicates a first value representing the first repetition number of a line code word or square wave in a first signal. A square wave is composed of a high-level chip and a low-level chip. Any value in the set of values ​​for the first value satisfies 1 or 2^N, and the set of values ​​for the first value includes at least one value not equal to 2. M M is a non-negative integer, and N is a positive integer; Send the first message.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Any value in the set of values ​​for the first value satisfies 1 or 4N.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first value represents the first repetition number of the square wave of the first signal, and any value in the set of values ​​of the first value satisfies 1 or 4N, or any value in the set of values ​​of the first value satisfies 1, 2 or 4N.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The method further includes: Receive the first signal; When the first value represents the first number of repetitions of the square wave, the signal after the square wave has been repeated the first number of times is XORed with the first signal to obtain the second signal; or, When the first value represents the first repetition number of the square wave, the second signal is determined based on the first repetition number. or, When the first value represents the first repetition number of the line code codeword, the second signal is determined based on the first repetition number.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The set of values ​​for the first value may not simultaneously include 1 and 2, or the set of values ​​for the first value may not simultaneously include 2 and 4, or the set of values ​​for the first value may not simultaneously include 1 and 4.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The absolute value of the difference between any two values ​​in the set of values ​​for the first value is greater than 2.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The line code is a Manchester code.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Sending the first information includes: Send N messages, the N messages including the first message, the i-th message in the N messages is used to indicate the i-th value, the i-th value represents the i-th repetition number of the line code word of the first signal or the square wave, where i is a positive integer; Wherein, the N values ​​indicated by the N information may not simultaneously include 1 and 2, or may not simultaneously include 2 and 4, or may not simultaneously include 1 and 4.

9. A communication method, characterized in that, Applied to a second device, the method includes: Receive first information, the first information being used to indicate a first value, the first value representing the first repetition number of a line code word or square wave in a first signal, wherein a square wave is composed of a high-level code chip and a low-level code chip, any value in the set of values ​​for the first value satisfies 1 or 2^N, and the set of values ​​for the first value includes at least one value not equal to 2. M M is a non-negative integer, and N is a positive integer; The first signal is sent, which is used to carry the line code codeword or the square wave.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, Any value in the set of values ​​for the first value satisfies 1 or 4N.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that, The first value represents the first repetition number of the square wave in the first signal. Any value in the set of values ​​of the first value satisfies 1 or 4N, or any value in the set of values ​​of the first value satisfies 1, 2 or 4N.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The method further includes: When the first value represents the first repetition number of the line code word, the line code word is repeated the first repetition number to obtain the first signal; or, When the first value represents the first number of repetitions of the square wave, the square wave is repeated the first number of times to obtain the first signal; or, When the first value represents the first repetition number of the square wave, the signal after the square wave has been repeated the first number of times is XORed with the line code word to obtain the first signal.

13. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that, The set of values ​​for the first value may not simultaneously include 1 and 2, or the set of values ​​for the first value may not simultaneously include 2 and 4, or the set of values ​​for the first value may not simultaneously include 1 and 4.

14. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 13, characterized in that, The absolute value of the difference between any two values ​​in the set of values ​​for the first value is greater than 2.

15. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 14, characterized in that, The line code is a Manchester code.

16. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 15, characterized in that, The receiving of the first information includes: Receive N pieces of information, the N pieces of information including first information, the i-th piece of information in the N pieces of information is used to indicate the i-th value, the i-th value represents the i-th repetition number of the line code codeword or the square wave in the first signal, the N values ​​indicated by the N pieces of information may not simultaneously include 1 and 2, or may not simultaneously include 2 and 4, or may not simultaneously include 1 and 4, i is greater than or equal to 1; The method further includes: The first number of repetitions of the line codeword or the square wave is determined based on the first value indicated by the first information.

17. A communication device, characterized in that, Includes modules or units for performing the methods as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, or modules or units for performing the methods as described in any one of claims 9 to 16.

18. A communication device, characterized in that, include: A processor for executing a program that causes the communication device to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, or to perform the method as described in any one of claims 9 to 16.

19. A communication system, characterized in that, include: A communication device for performing the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, and a communication device for performing the method as described in any one of claims 9 to 16.

20. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, Includes instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, or cause the computer to perform the method as described in any one of claims 9 to 16.

21. A computer program product containing instructions, characterized in that, When it is run on a computer, it causes the computer to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, or causes the computer to perform the method as described in any one of claims 9 to 16.

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