Method for configuring ambient internet of things (a-IOT) interface
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-02-03
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
Smart Images

Figure CN2026076792_13082026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD FOR CONFIGURING AMBIENT INTERNET OF THINGS (A-IOT) INTERFACEBACKGROUND OF DISCLOSURETechnical Field
[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of communication systems, and more particularly, to a method for configuring ambient internet of things (A-IoT) interface.Background Art
[0002] A study item of RAN on Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) in 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has been discussed under the framework of 3GPP system. The study focused on ultra-low complexity A-IoT devices with ultra-low power consumption for the very-low end IoT applications, wherein the A-IoT devices can harvest energy from incident signals of ambient excitation sources. A-IoT devices distinguish themselves from existing 3GPP IoT technologies e.g., NB-IoT, LTE-M, RedCap, etc., in terms of lower complexity and power consumption with orders-of-magnitude.
[0003] Three types of A-IoT devices with energy storage capability were identified in 3GPP following terminologies: 1. Device 1: Exhibits a peak power consumption of approximately 1 μW, incorporates energy storage, and has an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) of up to 10X ppm. It lacks both downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) amplification, and its uplink transmissions are generated by backscattering an externally provided carrier wave. 2. Device 2a: Demonstrates a peak power consumption of a few hundred μW or less, includes energy storage, and has an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) of up to 10X ppm. It features DL and / or UL amplification, and its uplink transmissions are generated by backscattering an externally provided carrier wave. 3. Device 2b: Exhibits a peak power consumption of a few hundred μW or less, incorporates energy storage, and has an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) of up to 10X ppm. It features DL and / or UL amplification, and its uplink transmissions are generated internally by the device.
[0004] The device-to-reader (D2R) transmission of Device 1 and Device 2a relies on the backscattering of carrier wave signals provided externally from a carrier wave source node, whereas the D2R transmission of Device 2b is internally generated by active radio frequency (RF) components embedded within the device.Technical Problem
[0005] The integration of Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) devices into existing cellular infrastructures poses several technical challenges that are not adequately addressed by current standards. There exists a lack of standardized mechanisms for network node configuration and User equipment (UE) activation within the A-IoT context. 1. First, conventional systems do not provide efficient schemes for a network node (e.g., a gNB) to indicate or configure the activation of a UE to serve as an intermediate node. Without such mechanisms, a UE cannot effectively facilitate A-IoT applications between the network and a plurality of A-IoT devices. 2. Current resource allocation frameworks are insufficient for supporting A-IoT operations. Traditional scheduling schemes do not account for the unique requirements of a UE acting as an intermediate node, where the base station must allocate resources for A-IoT applications via a 3GPP interface (e.g., a Uu interface) that are specifically tailored for relaying or managing A-IoT traffic. 3. Inadequate random access control mechanisms hinder the scalability of A-IoT deployments. There is a need for specialized configuration schemes for random access resources and associated parameter settings that govern the interactions between an intermediate node and A-IoT devices. Without these settings, performing efficient random access between the intermediate node and the low-power A-IoT devices becomes technically prohibitive. 4. Limited feedback mechanisms restrict the network's ability to optimize A-IoT operations. Existing protocols lack robust schemes for transmitting feedback information from an intermediate node to a serving network node. Consequently, the network node is unable to acquire the necessary operational data regarding the link between the UE and the A-IoT devices, leading to suboptimal resource management and reduced system reliability.
[0006] Hence, a method for configuring ambient internet of things (A-IoT) interface is desirable.Technical SolutionSUMMARY
[0007] An object of the present disclosure is to propose a method for configuring ambient internet of things (A-IoT) interface.
[0008] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the invention provides a method for configuring ambient internet of things (A-IoT) interface for execution by a UE, comprising: providing UE related information to a base station; receiving A-IoT configuration information from the base station for an A-IoT operation between the UE and one or more than one A-IoT device; and providing a status report of the A-IoT operation to the base station.
[0009] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the invention provides a method for configuring ambient internet of things (A-IoT) interface for execution by a base station, comprising: receiving UE related information from a user equipment (UE) ; transmitting A-IoT configuration information to the UE for an A-IoT operation between the UE and one or more than one A-IoT device; and receiving a status report of the A-IoT operation from the UE.
[0010] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the invention provides a base station comprising a processor configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to cause a device in which the processor is installed to execute the disclosed method.
[0011] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the invention provides a user equipment (UE) comprising a processor configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to cause a device in which the processor is installed to execute the disclosed method.
[0012] The disclosed method may be programmed as computer executable instructions stored in non-transitory computer readable medium. The non-transitory computer readable medium, when loaded to a computer, directs a processor of the computer to execute the disclosed method.
[0013] The non-transitory computer readable medium may comprise at least one from a group consisting of: a hard disk, a CD-ROM, an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, a Read Only Memory, a Programmable Read Only Memory, an Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory, EPROM, an Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory and a Flash memory.
[0014] The disclosed method may be programmed as a computer program product, that causes a computer to execute the disclosed method.
[0015] The disclosed method may be programmed as a computer program, that causes a computer to execute the disclosed method.Advantageous Effects
[0016] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure achieve at least the following beneficial effects:
[0017] By implementing the “Topology 2” architecture where a User Equipment (UE) acts as an intermediate node (reader) , the base station can indirectly manage a plurality of A-IoT devices. This hierarchical control structure significantly reduces the control plane signaling burden on the base station while enabling massive connectivity for ultra-low-power sensors.
[0018] The disclosed energy status reporting mechanism (e.g., single-bit or multi-bit indicators) allows the network to be “energy-aware. ” By tailoring resource scheduling to the actual harvested energy levels of A-IoT devices, the system avoids unsuccessful transmission attempts, thereby maximizing the operational efficiency of battery-less devices.
[0019] Through the use of contention-free random access and specific resource / ID indications (e.g., assigned via RRC or DCI) , the method effectively minimizes signal collisions during initial access. This is particularly critical for backscatter communications where multiple devices may share the same incident carrier wave.
[0020] The combination of semi-static RRC configuration and dynamic DCI activation provides a balance between signaling stability and fast adaptation. This hybrid approach allows the system to rapidly activate or deactivate resources (e.g., carrier wave signals or random access occasions) in response to real-time traffic demands or channel condition changes in a non-terrestrial or terrestrial network.
[0021] The specific scheduling of carrier wave (CW) signals and the implementation of relative timing offsets for R2D / D2R transitions ensure that backscatter links are established with precise synchronization, reducing interference and improving the overall signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for ultra-low-complexity devices.DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure or related art, the following figures will be described in the embodiments are briefly introduced. It is obvious that the drawings are merely some embodiments of the present disclosure, a person having ordinary skill in this field may obtain other figures according to these figures without paying the premise.
[0023] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic view showing an A-IoT system topology 1.
[0024] FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic view showing an A-IoT system topology 2.
[0025] FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic view showing an A-IoT system topology 3.
[0026] FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic view showing an A-IoT system topology 4.
[0027] FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic view showing an A-IoT system.
[0028] FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic view showing a Msg0 triggered 3-step and 4-step random access scheme.
[0029] FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic view showing Msg0-triggered 1-step and 2-step random access scheme.
[0030] FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic view showing an embodiment of the disclosed method over internet of things (IoT) interface.
[0031] FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic view showing an example of the embodiment of the disclosed method over internet of things (IoT) interface.
[0032] FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic view showing another example of the embodiment of the disclosed method over internet of things (IoT) interface.
[0033] FIG. 11 illustrates a schematic view showing another embodiment of the disclosed method.
[0034] FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating A-IoT operations based on A-IoT traffic related information provided by a UE. carrier wave signal resource scheduling. an energy status reporting mechanism for an A-IoT device.
[0035] FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating two-step ID mechanism for an A-IoT device.
[0036] FIG. 14 is a signaling flow diagram illustrating a semi-static resource configuration procedure.
[0037] FIG. 15 illustrates a schematic view showing an example of an A-IoT device.
[0038] FIG. 16 illustrates a schematic view showing an example of a user equipment (UE) .
[0039] FIG. 17 illustrates a schematic view showing an example of a base station.
[0040] FIG. 18 illustrates a schematic view showing a chip or executing the disclosed method in an A-IoT device.
[0041] FIG. 19 illustrates a schematic view showing a chip or executing the disclosed method in a UE.
[0042] FIG. 20 illustrates a schematic view showing a chip or executing the disclosed method in a base station.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0043] Embodiments of the disclosure are described in detail with the technical matters, structural features, achieved objects, and effects with reference to the accompanying drawings as follows. Specifically, the terminologies in the embodiments of the present disclosure are merely for describing the purpose of the certain embodiment, but not to limit the disclosure. In this disclosure, the term “ / ” should be interpreted to indicate “and / or. ”
[0044] This disclosure focuses on configuration, scheduling scheme, and related procedures for A-IoT related signal transmission, including carrier wave signal, R2D signal, and D2R signal.
[0045] Two general connectivity topologies in the following are considered in 3GPP and adopted in the description for A-IoT networks operating in indoor or outdoor scenarios, including BS in connection with Ambient IoT device and BS connected with Ambient IoT device through intermediate node. The bi-directional arrow symbol represents a connection between two entities.
[0046] TS 38.848 considers four general connectivity topologies for A-IoT networks operating in indoor or outdoor scenarios: 1 BS Ambient IoT device: Direct connection between base station and Ambient IoT device. 2 BS intermediate node Ambient IoT device: Connection through an intermediate node between base station and Ambient IoT device. 3 BS assisting node Ambient IoT device BS: Connection involving base station, assisting node, and Ambient IoT device with base station. 4 UE Ambient IoT device: Direct connection between user equipment and Ambient IoT device. The topologies are explained in the following: 1 Topology 1: BS Ambient IoT device
[0047] With reference to FIG. 1, in Topology 1, the Ambient IoT device directly and bidirectionally communicates with a base station. In this topology, a carrier wave can be provided to an A-IoT device (e.g., A-IoT device 60a) from the BS or from an external carrier wave source node outside of Topology 1. 2 Topology 2: BS intermediate node Ambient IoT device
[0048] With reference to FIG. 2, in Topology 2, the Ambient IoT device communicates bidirectionally with an intermediate node between the Ambient IoT device and base station. In this topology, a carrier wave can be provided to the A-IoT device from the intermediate node or from an external carrier source node outside of Topology 2. 3 Topology 3: BS assisting node Ambient IoT device base station
[0049] With reference to FIG. 3, in Topology 3, the Ambient IoT device transmits data / signaling to a base station and receives data / signaling from the assisting node; or the Ambient IoT device receives data / signaling from a base station and transmits data / signaling to the assisting node. 4 Topology 4: UE Ambient IoT device
[0050] With reference to FIG. 4, in Topology 4, the Ambient IoT device communicates bidirectionally with a UE (e.g., UE 10a, 10b, or 100) .
[0051] In Topology 2, the intermediate node is designed to support both an A-IoT air interface and a 3GPP air interface. This intermediate node can function as various 3GPP nodes, such as a relay, integrated access and backhaul (IAB) unit, user equipment (UE) , or repeater. This dual capability means that direction communication between the base station (BS) and the 3GPP node is possible, using 3GPP protocols via 3GPP interfaces, such as Uu or PC5.
[0052] With reference to FIG. 5, a telecommunication system including a UE 10a, a base station 20a, a base station 20b, and a network entity device 30 executes the disclosed method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 5 is shown for illustrative, not limiting, and the system may comprise more UEs, BSs, and CN entities. Connections between devices and device components are shown as lines and arrows in the FIGs. The UE 10a may include a processor 11a, a memory 12a, and a transceiver 13a. The base station 20a may include a processor 21a, a memory 22a, and a transceiver 23a. The base station 20b may include a processor 21b, a memory 22b, and a transceiver 23b. The network entity device 30 may include a processor 31, a memory 32, and a transceiver 33. Each of the processors 11a, 21a, 21b, and 31 may be configured to implement the proposed functions, procedures, and / or methods described in this description. Layers of radio interface protocol may be implemented in the processors 11a, 21a, 21b, and 31. Each of the memory 12a, 22a, 22b, and 32 operatively stores a variety of programs and information to operate a connected processor. Each of the transceivers 13a, 23a, 23b, and 33 is operatively coupled with a connected processor, and transmits and / or receives a radio signal. Each of the base stations 20a and 20b may be an eNB, a gNB, or one of other radio nodes.
[0053] Each of the processors 11a, 21a, 21b, and 31 may include a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU) , application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , other chipsets, logic circuits and / or data processing devices. Each of the memory 12a, 22a, 22b, and 32 may include read-only memory (ROM) , a random-access memory (RAM) , a flash memory, a memory card, a storage medium and / or other storage devices. Each of the transceivers 13a, 23a, 23b, and 33 may include baseband circuitry and radio frequency (RF) circuitry to process radio frequency signals. When the embodiments are implemented in software, the techniques described herein can be implemented with modules, procedures, functions, entities and so on, that perform the functions described herein. The modules can be stored in a memory and executed by the processors. The memory can be implemented within a processor or external to the processor, in which those can be communicatively coupled to the processor via various means are known in the art.
[0054] The network entity device 30 may be a node in a CN. CN may include LTE CN or 5GC which may include user plane function (UPF) , session management function (SMF) , access and mobility management function (AMF) , unified data management (UDM) , policy control function (PCF) , control plane (CP) / user plane (UP) separation (CUPS) , authentication server (AUSF) , network slice selection function (NSSF) , and the network exposure function (NEF) .
[0055] With reference to FIG. 5 and FIG. 15, the A-IoT device 60a may include a logical circuit 61a, a memory 62a, and a transceiver 63a. The logical circuit 61a is configured to call and run an A-IoT function, to cause A-IoT device 60a in which the logical circuit 61a is installed to execute the disclosed method, steps, and / or functions of an A-IoT device. The transceiver 13a may include baseband circuitry and radio frequency (RF) circuitry.
[0056] An example of A-IoT device in the description may include A-IoT device 60a. An example of the UE in the description may include one of the UE 10a or UE 10b. An example of the base station or gNB in the description may include the base station 20a. An example of a reader may comprise a base station in topology 1 or a UE in topology 2. The term “resource” unless otherwise specified may be interpreted as radio resources in time domain and / or frequency domain.
[0057] Embodiments of the invention are detailed in the following:
[0058] In the following embodiments, the network node refers to any existing or future node specified in a 3GPP network that operates within the A-IoT topology or architecture. These network nodes support at least some 3GPP protocols through wired or wireless connections. Such nodes include gNBs, user equipment (UE) , relay nodes, integrated access and backhaul nodes (IAB) , A-IoT devices with partial 3GPP protocol support, intermediate nodes, and assisting nodes.
[0059] With reference to FIG. 8, a base station (e.g., BS 20a, UE 10a, UE 10b, or an external network node) , a UE (e.g., UE 10a, 10b, or 100) , and at least one A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) performs an embodiment of the method for configuring ambient internet of things (A-IoT) interface, with backscatter communication enabled device-to-reader signal transmission. The A-IoT device 60a in the schematic diagram may comprise one or more than one A-IoT device. Step A001: The base station receives A-IoT related information from a core network node (e.g., an AMF) . Step A005: The base station transmits A-IoT configuration information to the UE that serves as an intermediate node, wherein the A-IoT configuration information is configured for an A-IoT operation between the UE and one or more than one A-IoT device. Step A006: The UE serves as the intermediate node and receives from the base station the A-IoT configuration information for the A-IoT operation between the UE and the one or more than one A-IoT device. Step A008: The UE transmits a status report of the A-IoT operation to the base station. Step A009: The base station receives the status report of the A-IoT operation from the UE.
[0060] With reference to FIG. 9, an example of the embodiment of the method for configuring ambient internet of things (A-IoT) interface is detailed in the following. Note that the example is not intended to limit the disclosure. Step A001: The base station receives A-IoT related information from a core network node (e.g., an AMF) . Step A003: The base station may determine a UE (e.g., UE 10a, 10b, or 100) as an intermediate node using explicit signaling, implicit signaling, or based on pre-configuration. Similarly, The base station may determine more UEs as intermediate nodes. In the scenario of implicit signaling, the base station may allocate resources for the UE or one or more than one A-IoT device, and the UE can determine to serve as the intermediate node based on the resource allocation. In the scenario of pre-configuration, both of the base station and the UE have the pre-configuration showing that the UE is the intermediate node. Step A005: The base station transmits A-IoT configuration information to the UE for an A-IoT operation between the UE and one or more than one A-IoT device. Step A006: The UE receives from the base station the A-IoT configuration information for the A-IoT operation between the UE and the one or more than one A-IoT device. Step A007 : The UE serves as the intermediate node according to the explicit signaling, the implicit signaling, or based on the pre-configuration. Step A008: The UE transmits a status report of the A-IoT operation to the base station. Step A009: The base station receives the status report of the A-IoT operation from the UE.
[0061] With reference to FIG. 10, another example of the embodiment of the method for configuring ambient internet of things (A-IoT) interface is detailed in the following. Note that the example is not intended to limit the disclosure. Step A001: The base station receives A-IoT related information from a core network node (e.g., an AMF) . Step A003: The base station may determine a UE (e.g., UE 10a, 10b, or 100) as an intermediate node using explicit signaling, implicit signaling, or based on pre-configuration. Similarly, The base station may determine more UEs as intermediate nodes. In the scenario of explicit signaling, the base station may transmit to the UE a configuration for configuring the UE as the intermediate node. In the scenario of implicit signaling, the base station may allocate resources for the UE or one or more than one A-IoT device, and the UE can determine to serve as the intermediate node based on the resource allocation. In the scenario of pre-configuration, both of the base station and the UE have the pre-configuration showing that the UE is the intermediate node. Step A004: The UE serves as an intermediate node according to the explicit signaling, the implicit signaling, or based on the pre-configuration. Step A005: The base station transmits A-IoT configuration information to the UE for an A-IoT operation between the UE and one or more than one A-IoT device. Step A006: The UE receives from the base station the A-IoT configuration information for the A-IoT operation between the UE and the one or more than one A-IoT device. Step A008: The UE transmits a status report of the A-IoT operation to the base station. Step A009: The base station receives the status report of the A-IoT operation from the UE.
[0062] In one or more embodiments, the base station provides the A-IoT configuration information to the UE via dedicated radio resource control (RRC) signaling. The UE receives the A-IoT configuration information from the base station via dedicated radio resource control (RRC) signaling.
[0063] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT configuration information transmitted to the UE is derived from the A-IoT related information received from the core network node.
[0064] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT configuration information transmitted to the UE is derived from UE assistance information received from the UE.
[0065] In one or more embodiments, the UE assistance information received by the base station is used to determine a resource used for the A-IoT operation, wherein the resource is indicated in the A-IoT configuration information.
[0066] In one or more embodiments, the UE assistance information is received from the UE according to an RRC configuration signaled by the base station to the UE. The UE transmits the UE assistance information according to an RRC configuration signaled by the base station to the UE.
[0067] In one or more embodiments, the UE assistance information is transmitted by the UE via RRC signaling.
[0068] In one or more embodiments, the UE assistance information includes A-IoT traffic related information.
[0069] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT traffic related information includes a packet size or a transport block size of the A-IoT operation.
[0070] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT traffic related information includes a latency requirement of the A-IoT operation.
[0071] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT configuration information includes an A-IoT resource allocation for the A-IoT operation.
[0072] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT resource allocation for the A-IoT operation comprises a resource pool indication.
[0073] In one or more embodiments, the UE schedules resources for the A-IoT operation according to the A-IoT configuration information provided by the base station, wherein the A-IoT configuration information includes an A-IoT resource allocation.
[0074] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT configuration information includes an A-IoT resource allocation for the A-IoT operation, and a resource indicated by the A-IoT resource allocation for the A-IoT operation is valid for the UE until the allocated resource is released by the base station.
[0075] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT configuration information includes at least one of a packet size or a transport block size (TBS) for a reader to device (R2D) transmission or a device to reader (D2R) transmission.
[0076] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT configuration information includes identification information associated with the one or more than one A-IoT device.
[0077] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT configuration information includes an indication of a total number of target A-IoT devices.
[0078] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT configuration information includes an ID associated with the UE for the A-IoT operation.
[0079] In one or more embodiments, the ID associated with the UE is derived from a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) of the UE.
[0080] In one or more embodiments, the ID associated with the UE is used as an identifier for the base station to associate with the one or more than one A-IoT device in the A-IoT operation.
[0081] In one or more embodiments, the ID associated with the UE is used as a source node identification for the one or more than one A-IoT device.
[0082] In one or more embodiments, the base station determines a UE as an intermediate node according to the A-IoT related information, wherein the A-IoT related information includes feasibility for one or more than one UE to serve as an intermediate node. The UE is configured to serve as an intermediate node according to the A-IoT related information, wherein the A-IoT related information includes feasibility for one or more than one UE to serve as an intermediate node.
[0083] In one or more embodiments, the base station determines a UE as an intermediate node according to the A-IoT related information, wherein the A-IoT related information includes capability information of one or more than one UE to act as an intermediate node. The UE is configured to serve as an intermediate node according to the A-IoT related information, wherein the A-IoT related information includes capability information of one or more than one UE to act as an intermediate node.
[0084] In one or more embodiments, the base station determines a UE as an intermediate node according to the A-IoT related information, wherein the A-IoT related information includes location information of the one or more than one A-IoT device. The UE is configured to serve as an intermediate node according to the A-IoT related information, wherein the A-IoT related information includes location information of the one or more than one A-IoT device.
[0085] In one or more embodiments, the base station determines the UE as an intermediate node according to UE related information received from one or more than one UE. The UE is configured to serve as an intermediate node according to UE related information transmitted from one or more than one UE.
[0086] In one or more embodiments, the UE related information includes UE capability information of one or more than one UE.
[0087] In one or more embodiments, the UE capability information includes at least one feature or function component of at least one A-IoT operation supported by one or more than one UE.
[0088] In one or more embodiments, the UE related information includes an indication of feasibility for the one or more than one UE to act as an intermediate node.
[0089] In one or more embodiments, the UE related information is received from the UE according to an RRC configuration signaled by the base station to the UE. The UE transmits the UE related information according to an RRC configuration signaled by the base station to the UE.
[0090] In one or more embodiments, the UE related information is transmitted from one or more than UE via RRC signaling. The base station receives the UE related information from one or more than UE via RRC signaling.
[0091] In one or more embodiments, a resource is allocated for the A-IoT operation according to a scheduling request (SR) or a buffer status report (BSR) transmitted from the UE, wherein an indication of the allocated resource is carried in the A-IoT configuration information. The base station allocates a resource for the A-IoT operation according to a scheduling request (SR) or a buffer status report (BSR) received from the UE, wherein an indication of the allocated resource is carried in the A-IoT configuration information.
[0092] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT configuration information comprises an A-IoT relevant parameter. The A-IoT relevant parameter is configured for the UE to enable the UE as the intermediate node. The base station enables the UE as the intermediate node by configuring the A-IoT relevant parameter for the UE.
[0093] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT related information includes a packet size for a R2D transmission or a D2R transmission.
[0094] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT related information includes a bandwidth utilized for the A-IoT operation.
[0095] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT related information includes UE capability information associated with one or more than one UE.
[0096] In one or more embodiments, the base station obtains the UE capability information stored in a core network node of access and mobility management function (AMF) .
[0097] In one or more embodiments, UE capability information associated with the UE is retrieved by the base station using a UE ID.
[0098] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT related information includes location information of one or more than one target A-IoT devices.
[0099] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT related information includes device type information of one or more than one target A-IoT devices.
[0100] In one or more embodiments, the status report of the A-IoT operation includes an A-IoT operation result of an inventory procedure associated with the one or more than one A-IoT device.
[0101] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT operation result includes one or more identifiers associated with the one or more than one A-IoT device detected by the UE.
[0102] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT operation result includes an indication of a total number of A-IoT devices detected by the UE.
[0103] In one or more embodiments, the status report of the A-IoT operation includes performance information regarding the A-IoT operation between the UE and the one or more than one A-IoT device.
[0104] In one or more embodiments, the status report of the A-IoT operation includes contention results of random access performed by the one or more than one A-IoT device.
[0105] In one or more embodiments, the status report of the A-IoT operation includes one or more than one energy status associated with the one or more than one A-IoT device.
[0106] In one or more embodiments, the status report of the A-IoT operation includes location information of the one or more than one A-IoT device.
[0107] In one or more embodiments, the status report of the A-IoT operation is transmitted from the UE according to a configuration that is sent by the base station via RRC signaling. The base station receives the status report of the A-IoT operation from the UE according to a configuration that is sent by the base station via RRC signaling.
[0108] In one or more embodiments, the status report of the A-IoT operation is transmitted from the UE via RRC signaling. The base station receives the status report of the A-IoT operation from the UE via RRC signaling.
[0109] In one or more embodiments, the core network node from which the base station receives the A-IoT related information is an AMF node.
[0110] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT configuration information provides a configuration for the UE to serve as an intermediate node, or a configuration for the UE to transmit R2D signals or receive D2R signals.
[0111] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT configuration information includes a configuration for the UE to transmit a carrier wave signal.
[0112] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT configuration information includes a semi-static A-IoT resource for at least one of R2D signal transmission or D2R signal reception.
[0113] In one or more embodiments, the semi-static A-IoT resource includes a resource pool indication for the A-IoT operation.
[0114] In one or more embodiments, the semi-static A-IoT resource becomes available for use upon satisfaction of a trigger condition.
[0115] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT configuration information includes a set of parameters for the UE to perform random access with the one or more than one A-IoT device.
[0116] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT configuration information includes a resource configuration for the UE to perform random access with the one or more than one A-IoT device.
[0117] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT configuration information includes a type of random access scheme for the UE to perform random access with the one or more than one A-IoT device.
[0118] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT configuration information includes a number of time domain or frequency domain access occasions for the one or more than one A-IoT device to transmit Msg1.
[0119] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT configuration information includes at least one of a time division multiple access (TDMA) multiplexing scheme or a frequency division multiple access (FDMA) multiplexing scheme for an R2D transmission or a D2R transmission during a random access procedure.
[0120] With reference to FIG. 11, a base station (e.g., BS 20a, UE 10a, UE 10b, or an external network node) , a UE (e.g., UE 10a, 10b, or 100) , and at least one A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) performs another embodiment of the method for configuring ambient internet of things (A-IoT) interface, with backscatter communication enabled device-to-reader signal transmission. The A-IoT device 60a in the schematic diagram may comprise one or more than one A-IoT device. Step A100: The UE provides UE related information to the base station. Step A101: The base station receives the UE related information from the UE. Step A103: The base station transmits A-IoT configuration information to the UE for an A-IoT operation between the UE and one or more than one A-IoT device. Step A104: The UE receives the A-IoT configuration information from the base station for the A-IoT operation between the UE and the one or more than one A-IoT device. Step A106: The UE provides a status report of the A-IoT operation to the base station. Step A107: The base station receives the status report of the A-IoT operation from the UE.
[0121] In one or more embodiments, the UE related information is provided according to a configuration that is sent by the base station via RRC signaling.
[0122] In one or more embodiments, the UE related information is transmitted by the UE and received by the base station via radio resource control (RRC) signaling.
[0123] In one or more embodiments, the base station transmits the A-IoT configuration information to the UE via dedicated RRC signaling. The UE receives the A-IoT configuration information from the base station via dedicated RRC signaling.
[0124] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT configuration information received from the base station is derived from the UE related information transmitted to the base station.
[0125] In one or more embodiments, the UE related information includes UE assistance information.
[0126] In one or more embodiments, the UE assistance information transmitted from the UE to the base station is used for the base station to determine a resource used for the A-IoT operation, wherein the resource is indicated in the A-IoT configuration information.
[0127] In one or more embodiments, the UE assistance information includes A-IoT traffic related information.
[0128] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT traffic related information includes a packet size or a transport block size of the A-IoT operation.
[0129] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT traffic related information includes a latency requirement of the A-IoT operation.
[0130] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT configuration information includes an A-IoT resource allocation for the A-IoT operation.
[0131] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT resource allocation for the A-IoT operation comprises a resource pool indication.
[0132] In one or more embodiments, the UE schedules resources for the A-IoT operation according to the A-IoT configuration information provided by the base station, wherein the A-IoT configuration information includes an A-IoT resource allocation. The resources scheduled by the UE for the A-IoT operation is according to the A-IoT configuration information provided by the base station, wherein the A-IoT configuration information includes an A-IoT resource allocation.
[0133] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT configuration information includes an A-IoT resource allocation for the A-IoT operation, and a resource indicated by the A-IoT resource allocation for the A-IoT operation is valid for the UE until the allocated resource is released by the base station.
[0134] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT configuration information includes at least one of a packet size or a transport block size (TBS) for a reader to device (R2D) transmission or a device to reader (D2R) transmission.
[0135] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT configuration information includes identification information associated with the one or more than one A-IoT device.
[0136] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT configuration information includes an indication of a total number of target A-IoT devices.
[0137] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT configuration information includes an ID associated with the UE for the A-IoT operation.
[0138] In one or more embodiments, the ID associated with the UE is derived from a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) of the UE.
[0139] In one or more embodiments, the ID associated with the UE is used as an identifier for the base station to associate with the one or more than one A-IoT device in the A-IoT operation.
[0140] In one or more embodiments, the ID associated with the UE is used as a source node identification for the one or more than one A-IoT device.
[0141] In one or more embodiments, the UE is configured as an intermediate node in response to a signaling from the base station. The base station transmits a signaling to configure the UE as an intermediate node. The signaling being based on the UE related information transmitted by the UE.
[0142] In one or more embodiments, the UE related information includes UE capability information of the UE.
[0143] In one or more embodiments, the UE capability information includes at least one feature or function component of at least one A-IoT operation supported by the UE.
[0144] In one or more embodiments, the UE related information includes an indication of feasibility for the UE to serve as an intermediate node.
[0145] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT configuration information indicates a resource allocated by the base station for the A-IoT operation according to a scheduling request (SR) or a buffer status reporting (BSR) transmitted by the UE.
[0146] In one or more embodiments, the UE is configured as an intermediate node in response to receiving a configuration of at least one A-IoT relevant parameter. The base station transmits a configuration of at least one A-IoT relevant parameter to configure the UE as an intermediate node.
[0147] In one or more embodiments, the status report of the A-IoT operation includes an A-IoT operation result of an inventory procedure associated with the one or more than one A-IoT device.
[0148] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT operation result includes one or more identifiers associated with the one or more than one A-IoT device detected by the UE.
[0149] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT operation result includes an indication of a total number of A-IoT devices detected by the UE.
[0150] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT operation result includes inventory data of the one or more than one A-IoT device.
[0151] In one or more embodiments, the status report of the A-IoT operation includes performance information regarding the A-IoT operation between the UE and the one or more than one A-IoT device.
[0152] In one or more embodiments, the status report of the A-IoT operation includes contention results of random access performed by the one or more than one A-IoT device.
[0153] In one or more embodiments, the status report of the A-IoT operation includes one or more than one energy status associated with the one or more than one A-IoT device.
[0154] In one or more embodiments, the status report of the A-IoT operation includes location information of the one or more than one A-IoT device.
[0155] In one or more embodiments, the status report of the A-IoT operation is transmitted from the UE to the base station according to a configuration that is received from the base station via RRC signaling.
[0156] In one or more embodiments, the status report of the A-IoT operation is transmitted from the UE to the base station via RRC signaling.
[0157] In one or more embodiments, a scheduling identifier (ID) associated with one of the one or more than one A-IoT device is assigned by the UE to the A-IoT device, wherein the scheduling ID is used by the UE to schedule an A-IoT resource for the A-IoT device.
[0158] In one or more embodiments, the UE provides an ID associated with the UE to the one or more than A-IoT device during the A-IoT operation.
[0159] In one or more embodiments, the ID associated with the UE is used for the one or more than one A-IoT device to identify a source node of a R2D transmission.
[0160] In one or more embodiments, the ID associated with the UE is carried in an R2D control information.
[0161] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT configuration information provides a configuration for the UE to serve as an intermediate node, or a configuration for the UE to transmit R2D signals or receive D2R signals.
[0162] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT configuration information includes a configuration for the UE to transmit a carrier wave signal.
[0163] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT configuration information includes a semi-static A-IoT resource for at least one of R2D signal transmission or D2R signal reception.
[0164] In one or more embodiments, the semi-static A-IoT resource includes a resource pool indication for the A-IoT operation.
[0165] In one or more embodiments, the semi-static A-IoT resource become available for use upon satisfaction of a trigger condition. In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT configuration information includes a set of parameters for the UE to perform random access with the one or more than one A-IoT device.
[0166] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT configuration information includes a resource configuration for the UE to perform random access with the one or more than one A-IoT device.
[0167] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT configuration information includes a type of random access scheme for the UE to perform random access with the one or more than one A-IoT device.
[0168] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT configuration information includes an indication of a number of time domain or frequency domain access occasions for the one or more than one A-IoT device to transmit Msg1.
[0169] In one or more embodiments, the A-IoT configuration information includes at least one of a time division multiple access (TDMA) multiplexing scheme or frequency division multiple access (FDMA) multiplexing scheme for a R2D transmission or a D2R transmission during a random access procedure.
[0170] In one or more embodiments, the UE transmits a paging signal indicating a plurality of resource occasions to enable the one or more than one A-IoT device to autonomously select one of the plurality of resource occasions for Msg. 1 transmission.
[0171] In one or more embodiments, the UE indicates a specific resource occasion for one of the one or more than one A-IoT device to transmit Msg. 1.
[0172] In one or more embodiments, the UE requests a feedback message from the one or more than one A-IoT device in response to a R2D message transmitted by the UE.
[0173] In one or more embodiments, the UE triggers a retransmission of a D2R message from one of the one or more than one A-IoT device in response to a R2D message transmitted by the UE.
[0174] In one or more embodiments, the UE provides a energy threshold value for the one or more than one A-IoT device to determine respective energy statuses or to report respective energy statuses.
[0175] With the backscatter technology, an A-IoT device, i.e., Device 1 and Device 2a, acting as a backscatter transmitter can harvest energy from carrier wave signals transmitted by a carrier wave source node and then transmit its data by reflecting and modulating the received carrier wave signals to either the same carrier wave source node or another network entity acting as a backscatter receiver. In contrast, Device 2b internally generates, modulates, and transmits its carrier wave signal using active RF components.
[0176] In this description, a backscattered signal is defined as the reflected carrier wave transmitted by a backscatter transmitter (i.e., Device 1 or Device 2a) . An active signal is defined as the signal transmitted using active RF components (i.e., Device 2b) .
[0177] Since backscattered signal and active signal are transmitted from an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) to a reader, they are generalized as D2R signal or jointly indicated as backscattered / active signal. That is, D2R signal and backscattered / active signal are be used interchangeably in this description unless otherwise specified. The information carried in the backscattered / active signal can be encoded by adjusting amplitude, phase, or center frequency of an RF carrier, either received from the external carrier wave source node or an internally generated.
[0178] In some embodiments, information modulated onto a backscattered signal or an active signal may be represented through at least one of: 1. Amplitude modulation of an RF carrier signal, wherein an amplitude of a reflected or generated RF carrier is adjusted to represent the information; 2. Phase modulation of the RF carrier signal, wherein a phase of the reflected or generated RF carrier is shifted to represent the information; or 3. Frequency modulation (e.g., center frequency modulation) of the RF carrier signal, wherein a center frequency of the reflected or generated RF carrier is shifted to represent the information.
[0179] The RF carrier signal may be: (i) received from an external carrier wave source node for backscatter transmission, or (ii) internally generated by active RF components within a device for active transmission. The modulation schemes described above may be employed individually or in combination to encode the information onto the backscattered signal or the active signal.
[0180] The backscatter technology can be categorized into three schemes: monostatic based, bistatic based, or ambient based schemes. 1. For monostatic based backscatter scheme, the carrier wave source node for transmitting carrier wave signals and the backscatter receiver for receiving backscattered signals are integrated into a single device, called the reader. 2. For bistatic based backscatter scheme, the carrier wave source node for transmitting carrier wave signals and the backscatter receiver for receiving backscattered signals are physically separate entities 3. For ambient based backscatter scheme, the excitation signals are received from ambient RF sources, e.g., cellular base stations, Wi-Fi APs, TV / Radio broadcast towers. Therefore, the A-IoT device can act as a backscatter transmitter to transmit backscattered signals directly to backscatter receivers without receiving excitation signals from a dedicated carrier wave source node. ● Typical use cases of A-IoT procedures including inventory management (Inventory service) and command request (Command service) , which are associated with traffic types of device-originated-device-terminated triggered (DO-DTT) and device-terminated (DT) , respectively. The Inventory service uses a device identifier (ID) or a group ID to track the presence of an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) and to recognize A-IoT devices or count the number of A-IoT devices in a proximity area. Contention-based random-access procedure is suitable for Inventory service, wherein a group of devices can be triggered with a multi-cast or broadcast message transmitted from a reader to report of their identities. ● Another A-IoT use case is command service. Command service utilizes a device ID to locate an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) and delivers a command to the A-IoT device, the device then executes the command requested by a reader. In this case, contention-free random-access scheme is more suitable for Command service. ● Another A-IoT use case is proximity determination, where a reader can determine whether an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) is in its proximity during a random access procedure. This feature is useful for a network to know which base station (BS) or which intermediate node acting as a reader is closer to an A-IoT device and hence available for A-IoT operation, even if the reader is portable. ● For clarity, following terminologies are used throughout the description: ● An A-IoT interface: An A-IoT interface is a newly defined interface for applying A-IoT protocols of various layers in A-IoT services, between a network node and an A-IoT device, or between two A-IoT devices. - For communications from a reader to an A-IoT device: ■ Physical reader-to-device channel (PRDCH) : A physical channel carrying data or control information from a reader to an A-IoT device is defined as PRDCH. ■ Reader-to-device (R2D) preamble: A preamble preceding a PRDCH is defined as R2D preamble. ■ R2D postamble: A postamble attached to the end of PRDCH is defined as an R2D postamble. ■ R2D signal: Any signal transmitted from a reader to an A-IoT device, including the R2D preamble, PRDCH, R2D postamble, etc. ■ R2D link: The direction of transmitting an R2D signal is referred to as R2D link. - For communications from an A-IoT device to a reader: ■ Physical device-to-reader channel (PDRCH) : A physical channel carrying data or control information from an A-IoT device to a reader is defined as PDRCH. ■ Device-to-reader (D2R) preamble: A preamble preceding a PDRCH is defined as D2R preamble. ■ D2R postamble: A postamble attached to the end of PDRCH is defined as an D2R postamble. ■ D2R signal: Any signal transmitted from an A-IoT device to a reader is defined as a D2R signal. The D2R signal includes D2R preamble, PDRCH, or D2R postamble, etc. ■ D2R link: The direction of transmitting D2R signal is referred to as D2R link.
[0181] The present disclosure provides control and configuration schemes implementable in at least one of Topology 1 or Topology 2. In Topology 1, the control and configuration schemes are performed by a base station serving as a reader for at least one A-IoT device. In Topology 2, the control and configuration schemes are performed by: (i) a base station connected to a User equipment (UE) serving as an intermediate node; or (ii) an intermediate node connected to at least one A-IoT device.
[0182] The control and configuration schemes may include at least one of: 1. Determination and activation schemes configured to enable a UE to serve as an intermediate node; 2. Resource scheduling schemes configured for the intermediate node or the at least one A-IoT device; 3. Random access configuration schemes configured for the intermediate node or the at least one A-IoTdevice; or 4. Information request and feedback schemes configured for the intermediate node or the at least one A-IoT device.
[0183] The description focuses on resource allocation for the proposed random access schemes, including R2D and D2R signal transmissions during a random access procedure, as well as the interactive behavior between a network node and an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) .
[0184] The solution provides parameters, procedures, and schemes to indicate or configure random access resources for both contention-based and contention-free random access procedures. It further equips A-IoT devices with the means to determine whether Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) -based or Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) -based message transmission is employed, along with the specific resources allocated for multiplexed transmission. Additionally, it introduces parameters, procedures, and schemes to resolve random access failures, incorporating subsequent mechanisms for allocating resources to enable channel re-access.
[0185] Integrating A-IoT communications into the 3GPP system enables the deployment of tens to hundreds of billions of small-sized, low-complexity, ultra-low-power A-IoT devices. This unlocks new markets and diverse applications while enhancing productivity, efficiency, and quality of life. The approach fully realizes key A-IoT use cases, reduces maintenance costs, and mitigates environmental impact by eliminating the need for manual battery replacement or recharging. It also ensures seamless coexistence with the 3GPP network, minimizing severe interference and simplifying interference management between A-IoT and 3GPP devices.
[0186] In the following embodiments, depending on the used topology of Topology 1 or Topology 2, a network node can be any node that has been specified in a network architecture of 3GPP or will be specified under the Topology 1 / 2, which can support at least part of 3GPP protocols using wired or wireless connection. The network node can be a gNB (e.g., base station 20a) , a UE (e.g., UE 10a, 10b, or 100) , a relay node, an IAB, an A-IoT device supporting part of existing 3GPP protocols, an intermediate node in Topology 2, an assisting node, an entity of 3GPP core network, etc. The network node can act as a reader to initiate an inventory procedure and get requested tag information from an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) .
[0187] For Topologies 1 / 2, parameter settings associated with R2D signal transmission over R2D link, D2R signal transmission over D2R link, or carrier wave signal transmission from a network node to an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) or from a carrier wave source node to an A-IoT device can be configured by the network node via an A-IoT air interface.
[0188] For Topology 2, BS (e.g., gNB, BS 20a, or BS 200) can forward information of parameter settings to an intermediate node via 3GPP interface, e.g., Uu interface. The information includes R2D signal transmission over R2D link, D2R signal transmission over D2R link, or carrier wave signal transmission from an intermediate node (e.g., UE) to an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) or from a carrier wave source node to an A-IoT device.
[0189] For Topologies 1 / 2, BS (e.g., gNB, BS 20a, or BS 200) or an intermediate node (e.g., gNB or UE) can exchange information of parameter settings with an external carrier wave source node via 3GPP or non-3GPP interface. The information includes configurations of an external carrier wave source node, such as activation of carrier wave signal transmission, generation scheme of carrier wave signal, or transmission scheme of carrier wave signal.
[0190] To implement random access schemes in both Topology 1 and Topology 2, the disclosed system may support a plurality of random access procedures having varying levels of complexity and signaling overhead. Specifically, the system is configured to support at least one of a 1-step, a 2-step, a 3-step, or a 4-step random access procedure, depending on the specific requirements of the A-IoT operations and the network topology. A reader (e.g., any network node within Topologies 1 / 2) triggers an A-IoT application procedure or random-access procedure using Msg0 (e.g., in a paging message) . The reader can be any network node included in Topologies 1 / 2.
[0191] In typical Msg0 triggered 4-step random access for A-IoT, messages are structured as follows. Note that information or associated functions carried in each message are subject to change in the following embodiments: ● Msg0: Reader triggers a procedure with trigger information for requesting triggered information from A-IoT device (s) . ● Msg1: A-IoT device sends an identifier (ID) to the reader, e.g., a random ID generated by the A-IoT device. ● Msg2: Reader echoes the ID received in Msg1. ● Msg3: A-IoT device sends Device ID and triggered information requested by Reader. ● Msg4: Reader responses to Msg 3.
[0192] In typical Msg0 triggered 3-step random access for A-IoT, messages are structured as follows. Note that information or associated functions carried in each message are subject to change in the following embodiments: ● Msg0: Reader triggers a procedure with trigger information for requesting triggered information from A-IoT device (s) . ● Msg1: A-IoT device sends an ID to the reader, e.g., a random ID generated by the A-IoT device. ● Msg2: Reader echoes the ID received in Msg1. ● Msg3: A-IoT device sends Device ID and triggered information requested by Reader.
[0193] In typical Msg0 triggered 2-step random access for A-IoT, messages are structured as follows. Note that information or associated functions carried in each message are subject to change in the following embodiments: ● Msg0: Reader triggers a procedure with trigger information for requesting triggered information from A-IoT device (s) . ● MsgA: A-IoT device sends Device ID and triggered information requested by Reader. ● MsgB: The reader transmits a response MsgB to the A-IoT device in response to the successful reception of the MsgA.
[0194] In typical Msg0 triggered 1-step random access for A-IoT, messages are structured as follows. Note that information or associated functions carried in each message are subject to change in the following embodiments: ● Msg0: Reader triggers a procedure with trigger information for requesting triggered information from A-IoT device (s) . ● MsgA: A-IoT device sends Device ID and triggered information requested by Reader.
[0195] A message transmitted from a network node to an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) during a random-access procedure at least includes a R2D preamble, which may or may not be followed by a PRDCH.
[0196] A message transmitted from an A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) to a network node during a random-access procedure at least includes a D2R preamble, which may or may not be followed by a PDRCH.
[0197] FIG. 6 illustrates Msg0 triggered 3-step and 4-step random access schemes. FIG. 7 illustrates Msg0 triggered 1-step and 2-step random access schemes. Wherein one or more than one A-IoT device (e.g., one or more A-IoT devices 60a) can be triggered to perform contention-based or contention-free random access according to trigger information carried in Msg0.
[0198] In the following, unless otherwise specified, an access occasion refers to a time period allocated for one or more A-IoT devices (e.g., A-IoT device as shown in the FIGs) to access a channel; a random access scheme refers to a random access scheme used by the A-IoT device; a random access procedure refers to a random access procedure performed by the A-IoT device; an associated resource refers to a time or frequency-domain radio resource associated with the A-IoT device. In this context, the reader sends trigger information to initiate the procedure, and in response, the A-IoT device sends back triggered information. The triggered information is generated by the A-IoT device based on the reader's trigger information request.
[0199] Embodiment A: UE capability information for A-IoT operation
[0200] UE capability discovery and reporting is detailed in the following. A UE (e.g., UE 10a, 10b, or 100) can autonomously, or upon request from a base station (e.g., BS 20a or 200) , provide UE capability information related to features supporting A-IoT operations or related to the feasibility of acting as an intermediate node, i.e., a reader, to the base station.
[0201] Embodiment A-1: Base station request and UE reporting of capability
[0202] The base station can request a UE (e.g., UE 10a, 10b, or 100) to provide at least one of the following instances of UE capability relevant information related to A-IoT operation:
[0203] UE capability information can include at least one feature or function component that can be supported by a UE (e.g., UE 10a, 10b, or 100) for A-IoT operation.
[0204] The feature or function component includes at least one instance of the following information or parameters supported by a UE. The feature or function component can be associated with a UE (e.g., UE 10a, 10b, or 100) , processing at least one corresponding capability. 1. Feasibility for the UE to serve as a reader during an A-IoT operation. 2. Support of an A-IoT operation which can serve an A-IoT device type of Device1, 2a, or 2b. 3. Support of one or more than one application scenario, e.g., DO-DTT, DT, or a corresponding traffic type. 4. A feature of spectrum usage or a maximum bandwidth configured for an A-IoT operation. For example, the spectrum usage may comprise: ■ Usage of downlink (DL) or uplink (UL) spectrum for an A-IoT operation over an A-IoT interface. ■ A range of spectrum usage for at least one of carrier wave signal transmission, R2D signal transmission, active D2R signal reception, or backscattered D2R signal reception. Specific implementation details regarding the spectral characteristics include: ◆ Carrier wave configuration: For carrier wave signal transmission, one single-tone carrier wave signal or more than one single-tone carrier wave signal is supported for transmission of carrier wave signals. ◆ Backscattered signal frequency shift: For backscattered D2R signal reception, the configuration indicates whether a first frequency shift (e.g., a large frequency shift) or a second frequency shift (e.g., a small frequency shift) is supported for the reception of the backscattered D2R signals. 5. A capability of providing carrier wave signals for A-IoT devices to perform backscattering or energy harvesting. 6. A capability of providing trigger information or paging information for A-IoT devices to perform random access. ■ Supported random access scheme (s) , e.g., 2-step random access, 3-step random access, contention-based random access, contention-free random access, etc. 7. A capability of receiving D2R signal transmitted from A-IoT devices. ■ Supported D2R signal format (s) for reception, e.g., backscattered signal or active RF signal. 8.A capability of encoding R2D signal for transmission to A-IoT devices or a capability of decoding D2R signal received from A-IoT devices. ■ Supported line coding scheme, i.e., converting binary data into a sequence of bits of digital signal, or a supported modulation scheme for R2D signal. 9. A capability of providing random access, i.e., exchanging access messages with A-IoT devices. ■ This may further comprise a capability to support resource utilization specifically allocated for A-IoT random access. 10. A capability to determine proximity of surrounding A-IoT devices. ■ The supported proximity determination scheme (s) , e.g., proximity determination based on data decoding results or proximity determination based on channel measurements.
[0205] The base station requests a UE (e.g., UE 10a, 10b, or 100) to provide UE capability relevant information (hereafter referred to as UE capability information) . This request and the subsequent reporting may occur while the UE is in RRC_CONNECTED state or during radio resource control (RRC) connection establishment. The operations performed by the base station comprise one or more of the following: 1. The base station transmits an inquiry to a UE requesting UE capability from the UE. 2. The base station receives UE capability information transmitted from the UE in response to the inquiry. 3. The base station can forward the received UE capability information to a core network node, e.g., Access &Mobility Management Function (AMF) . ■ UE capability information associated with a UE (e.g., UE 10a, 10b, or 100) may be stored in a core network node, e.g., AMF. ◆ The UE can be identified with a UE identifier (ID) . ● The UE ID may comprise at least one of a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) , international mobile subscriber identification number (IMSI) , or other temporary or permanent network identifiers. 4. The base station associated with either a current serving cell or a neighboring cell can retrieve the stored UE capability information from the AMF using a UE ID. ■ When a non-access stratum (NAS) connection is established between the UE and the AMF, the UE provides the UE ID of the UE in an RRC connection request to the network (i.e., the base station) . The base station retrieves UE capabilities (e.g., in UE capability information) from the AMF based on the UE ID. ■ Upon receiving or retrieving the UE capabilities via RRC signaling, the base station configures resources for the UE in accordance with the supported features.
[0206] Embodiment A-2: UE information reporting for a base station resource scheduling for an A-IoT operations
[0207] A UE (e.g., UE 10a, 10b, or 100) can provide information to a base station (e.g., BS 20a or 200) for A-IoT operation via physical layer control signal, Medium Access Control (MAC) control element (CE) , or RRC signaling. The base station therefore configures or provides resources via downlink control information (DCI) or RRC signaling according to the information provided by the UE. 1. The information can be in the form of a scheduling request (SR) or buffer status report (BSR) . The requested resource is used for A-IoT operation via an A-IoT interface. ■ For example, the UE sends an SR in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) to the base station, and the base station responds to the SR with resources scheduled for A-IoT interface via DCI in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . 2. The information can be in the form of A-IoT traffic-related information, e.g., UE assistance information carried in RRC, which provides at least one of the following for a serving base station (e.g., BS 20a or 200) . ■ One or more device types associated with A-IoT devices served by the UE. ■ An application scenario or corresponding traffic type of an A-IoT operation. ■ A periodicity of A-IoT traffic. ■ A maximum or exact packet size for A-IoT transmission, such as a transport block (TB) size. ■ Quality of service (QoS) -related information on A-IoT traffic, such as at least one of latency, reliability, or priority level. 3. The information can be in the form of UE capability relevant information as indicated in Embodiment A-1.
[0208] Embodiment B: Interaction between base station and UE
[0209] A base station (e.g., BS 20a or 200) can dynamically control or semi-statically configure a UE (e.g., UE 10a, 10b, or 100) to perform an A-IoT operation via physical layer control information or higher layer RRC signaling. The operation between the base station and the UE is illustrated in the following.
[0210] Embodiment B-1: BS-initiated activation of a UE to serve as an intermediate node 1. The base station can select a UE (e.g., UE 10a, 10b, or 100) to serve as an intermediate node based on at least one of the following schemes. ■ According to a reported UE capability of the UE. ■ According to an SR, a BSR, or A-IoT traffic-related information provided by the UE. ■ According to information provided by a core network node (e.g., the AMF) . ◆ For example, the information can be a location, device type, or energy status of A-IoT devices. ■ According to a channel condition between the UE and the base station. ■ According to a channel condition between the UE and surrounding A-IoT devices. ■ According to proximity of A-IoT devices determined by the UE. ■ According to the number of A-IoT devices detected by the UE. ■ According to a device type or energy status reported from A-IoT devices to the UE. 2. The base station can assign a functional role to a UE (e.g., UE 10a, 10b, or 100) by configuring the UE to serve as an intermediate node or not. The assigned functional role of the UE can be at least one of the following. ■ Mode 1 (R2D / D2R Relay) : Transmitting R2D signal and receiving D2R signal. ■ Mode 2 (Full A-IoT Support) : Transmitting carrier wave signal and R2D signal, as well as receiving D2R signal. ■ Mode 3 (Downlink / Excitation Support) : Transmitting carrier wave signal and R2D signal. ■ Mode 4 (Uplink / Reception Support) : Receiving D2R signal. ◆ The UE can be further configured to receive one or both types of D2R signals. The types of D2R signals include a backscattered signal or an active RF signal. ● The UE can be indicated to receive both types of the D2R signals or configured to receive only a single type of D2R signal. 3. The base station can activate or enable a UE (e.g., UE 10a, 10b, or 100) to serve as an intermediate node or assign roles to the UE based on at least one of the following schemes. ■ The activation or enabling can be realized based on higher layer RRC signaling or physical layer DCI signaling. ◆ A DCI format or dedicated RRC signaling can be defined for carrying the activation or enabling information. ■ Parameters relevant to A-IoT operation can be configured for the UE. For example, the UE is implicitly activated as an intermediate node if A-IoT relevant parameters have been (pre) configured or given by a base station (e.g., BS 20a or 200) . For example, the configuration of A-IoT relevant parameters can be one of the following: ◆ An RRC signal which configures semi-static resource for the UE to perform A-IoT application or A-IoT operation. ◆ An RRC signal which configures random IDs or resources used for random access for the UE or A-IoT devices to perform random access.
[0211] Embodiment B-2: Base station requests a UE to report status of A-IoT operation
[0212] A-IoT operation related information: The base station (e.g., BS 20a or 200) requests an intermediate node UE to provide A-IoT operation related information to the base station. The A-IoT operation related information includes at least one of the following: 1. Device type related information of A-IoT devices. For example, the device type related information may comprise at least one of: ■ Device Classification: One of more device types (e.g., Device 1, Device 2a, or Devic e2b) of A-IoT devices served by the UE; or ■ Device-specific capabilities: A capability or a supported feature of one or more than one A-IoT device served by the UE. ◆ For example, the device-specific capabilities may include at least one of a supported random access scheme, a presence or absence of a timer counting functionality, or a capability for a specific frequency shift (e.g., a large frequency shift or a small frequency shift) during backscatter communication. 2. Channel performance related information of A-IoT communications. For example, the channel performance related information may comprise one or more of the following: ■ Contention result: Contention results of one or more than one A-IoT device, e.g., a failure rate or a successful rate of a random access. ■ Decoding and acknowledgment results: Decoding results comprising Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request Acknowledgement (HARQ-ACK) feedback. The decoding results may include HARQ-ACK of R2D data received at a UE (e.g., UE 10a, 10b, or 100) or HAQR-ACK of D2R data received at an A-IoT device. ◆ Implicit success determination: A mechanism wherein a UE (e.g., UE 10a, 10b, or 100) determines that an R2D data transmission is successfully received by a target A-IoT device if a subsequent D2R data transmission, sent by the target A-IoT device in response to the R2D data, is detected by the UE; ◆ Explicit success determination: In scenarios where no subsequent D2R data transmission is required, the UE determines the success of the RRC data transmission based on explicit HARQ-ACK feedback transmitted from the target A-IoT device. ■ Interface Metrics: Channel conditions of an A-IoT interface, determined according to channel measurements (e.g., signal strength or interference levels) performed at the UE. 3. Location related information of A-IoT devices. For example, the location related information may comprise one or more of the following: ■ Geographical Coordinates: Geographical location information of one or more than one A-IoT device. ■ Proximity Metrics: Proximity of A-IoT devices surrounding the UE. ■ Device Density: A number of A-IoT devices within a specific proximity of the UE. ■ Detection Count: A total number of A-IoT devices detectable by the UE 4. Application-specific information: A-IoT data or control of an A-IoT application. For example, the application-specific information may comprise: ■ A-IoT application data (e.g., inventory data, sensor data, or tag information) reported from A-IoT devices and collected by the UE. ■ Identifier of one or more than one A-IoT device detected by the UE. ■ Control information carried via a D2R channel (e.g., PDRCH) from one or more than one A-IoT device. 5. Energy status related information of A-IoT devices. For example, the energy status related information may comprise one or more of the following: ■ Energy Levels: A remaining power level at an A-IoT device (e.g., a low energy level or a high energy level) ■ Charging Requirements: An indication of energy charging necessity for an A-IoT device; or ■ Operational States: A status of A-IoT operation, such as an active state, or an inactive state, a lower power mode, or a sleep mode, for an A-IoT device.
[0213] Schemes for providing A-IoT operation related information: The base station can request an intermediate node UE to provide A-IoT operation related information based on at least one of the following schemes. 1. Transmission of the request: The request can be realized based on higher layer RRC signaling or physical layer DCI signaling. ■ A DCI format or dedicated RRC signaling can be defined for carrying the request information. 2. Transmission of the information: An intermediate node UE can provide A-IoT operation related information to a base station (e.g., BS 20a or 200) based on at least one of the following schemes. ■ The information can be carried on a physical layer channel, such as uplink control information (UCI) in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) , or being multiplexed in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) . ◆ One or more than one PUCCH format and corresponding bits used for carrying A-IoT related information can be defined in the standard. ■ The information can be carried on the higher layer message, such as MAC CE or RRC signaling. ◆ One or more than one message or RRC information element used for carrying A-IoT related information can be defined in the standard.
[0214] Embodiment B-3: Base station control of a UE for A-IoT related operation
[0215] Resource information: In Topology 2, a base station (e.g., BS 20a or 200) provides resource information of PUCCH to facilitate the transmission of A-IoT feedback or status reports via UCI. The indication of PUCCH resource can be dynamically provided in a DCI or can be semi-statically configured using RRC signaling. The UCI may carry operational information as described in Embodiment B-2. ● Dynamic and Semi-static Scheduling: The PUCCH resource may be dynamically assigned on a per-instance basis or semi-statically configured as a set of periodic resources. ● Time-Domain Alignment: The time-domain location of the PUCCH may be assigned in accordance with the resources allocated for D2R transmission or R2D transmission. ■ In one or more embodiments, the PUCCH resource is scheduled within a specific time slot relative to an A-IoT communication event. For example, the PUCCH resource may be located in a time slot subsequent to a slot utilized for a D2R transmission that carries D2R data or control information from an A-IoT device. This ensures that the intermediate node UE can provide timely feedback to the base station regarding the success or status of the A-IoT interface interaction.
[0216] Information of a target node: In Topology 2, base station (e.g., BS 20a or 200) provides information of a target node (e.g., an identifier of UE that serves as a reader) for receiving D2R message transmitted from A-IoT devices. ● The targe node can be a reader which is different from the UE sending R2D messages. ● In this scenario, two intermediate node UE are involved, one of them is responsible for transmitting R2D signal and / or carrier wave signal to A-IoT devices, and the other one of them is responsible for receiving D2R signal from A-IoT devices.
[0217] Embodiment B-4: Operation procedure for an A-IoT application
[0218] FIG. 12 illustrates an exemplary signaling flows to demonstrate the roles between a base station (e.g., BS 20a or 200) a UE (e.g., UE 10a, 10b, or 100) , and an A-IoT device (e.g., A-IoT device 60a) for supporting A-IoT operations.
[0219] In one or more embodiments, the base station inquires UE capability from a UE (e.g., UE 10a, 10b, or 100) . The UE reports UE capability to the base station. According to the received UE capability, the base station controls the UE’s behavior or configures A-IoT related parameters for the UE, including configuring the UE as an intermediate node UE.
[0220] In one or more embodiments, the UE provides A-IoT traffic related information to the base station. According to the received A-IoT traffic related information (e.g., traffic requirement) the base station configures proper resources for the UE to perform A-IoT operation over an A-IoT interface.
[0221] In one or more embodiments, the UE schedules resources for an A-IoT device according to received configuration from base station and then triggers an A-IoT device to perform random access according to the scheduling. Upon successful random access, the UE can retrieve A-IoT data from the A-IoT device via an A-IoT application procedure.
[0222] In one or more embodiments, the base station requests report information from the UE. According to the request, the UE collects data or control information from the A-IoT device and then reports the requested information to the base station.
[0223] With reference to FIG. 12, end-to-end operational procedures for A-IoT application deployment are detailed in the following. FIG. 12 illustrates an exemplary signaling flow demonstrating the coordinated roles between a base station, a UE, and an A-IoT device during A-IoT operations. In an initial phase, the base station transmits an inquiry to a UE to determine its specific A-IoT capabilities, and the UE responds by reporting its UE capability information back to the base station. Based on this received capability information, the base station performs a configuration of the UE, such as assigning it to serve as an intermediate node.
[0224] Following the role assignment, the UE may provide A-IoT traffic-related information, including specific traffic requirements (e.g., a packet size or a transport block size, and a latency requirements of the A-IoT operation) , to the base station. The base station processes this information to configure appropriate resources (e.g., radio resources in at least one of time, frequency, or code domain, bandwidth, preambles, postambles, or midambles) for the UE to conduct A-IoT operations over a dedicated A-IoT interface. Once resources are configured, the UE schedules these resources for an A-IoT device and subsequently triggers the device to perform a random access procedure. Upon a successful random access, the UE initiates an A-IoT application procedure to retrieve data from the A-IoT device.
[0225] Finally, the signaling flow supports network observability / network visibility (known as A-IoT device status awareness) through requested reporting procedures. The base station transmits to the UE a request for report information, prompting the UE to collect necessary data or control information from the A-IoT device. Once this information is gathered, the UE reports the collected A-IoT operational data back to the base station to complete the procedure.
[0226] Embodiment C: Identification and control of A-IoT device.
[0227] In one or more embodiments associated with Topology 1, a base station (e.g., BS 20a or 200) can semi-statically or dynamically control or assign resources for an A-IoT device to perform an A-IoT application. The control information or resource assignment can be carried in a paging signal or an R2D message via physical layer or higher layer signaling. Parameters relevant to semi-statically or dynamically control or resource assignment are provided by the base station, i.e., a reader, via physical layer or higher layer control information to one or more than one A-IoT device.
[0228] In one or more embodiments associated with Topology 2, a base station (e.g., BS 20a or 200) can semi-statically or dynamically control or assign resources to an intermediate node UE for execution of A-IoT operations. The resource allocation may be performed in response to receiving at least one of a upon receiving SR, BSR, or UE assistance information from the intermediate node UE. The control information or resource assignment can be carried in DCI or RRC signaling, a DCI format specific for an A-IoT application can be defined to distinguish itself from existing DCI formats. The RRC signaling can be a dedicated RRC for the intermediate node UE. Parameters relevant to semi-statically or dynamically control or resource assignment can be provided by the base station to an intermediate node UE, i.e., a reader. The intermediate node UE controls or assigns resources for one or more than one A-IoT device according to the received parameters. In another embodiment, the base station can indirectly configure one or more than one A-IoT device via an intermediate node UE. In this case, the intermediate node may control and schedule resources for one or more than one A-IoT device according to received configurations from the base station.
[0229] In one or more embodiments associated with Topology 2, parameters relevant to semi-statical or dynamical control or resource assignment can be autonomously provided from an intermediate node UE, i.e., a reader, via physical layer or higher layer control information in the form of a paging signal or R2D message, to one or more than one A-IoT devices.
[0230] Embodiment C-1: Parameters relevant to control or resource scheduling for an A-IoT operation.
[0231] In one or more embodiments, one or more parameters associated with the semi-static or dynamic control and allocation of resources within Topology 1 or Topology 2 may comprise one or more of the following: 1. Service and Application Context: Information indicating a service type or an application scenario associated with an A-IoT operation; 2. Scheduling Constraints: Information related to resource scheduling; 3. Initial Access Parameters: Information related to Message 1 (Msg1) transmission originated from an A-IoT device; 4. Downlink Delivery Status: Information related to the success or failure of R2D data reception at an A-IoT device (atarget A-IoT device) ; 5. Uplink Delivery Status: Information related to success or failure of D2R data reception from the A-IoT device at the intermediate node or reader; 6. Energy Metrics: Information related to energy status reports from one or more than one A-IoT device (e.g., remaining power levels or energy harvesting rates) ; 7. Neighborhood Discovery Data: Information related to device types of A-IoT devices surrounding an intermediate node UE (e.g., within the proximity of an intermediate node UE; 8. Link Directionality Configurations: Information for one or more than one target A-IoT device to receive R2D message or to transmit D2R message; 9. Source Identification: Identity of a source node, i.e., identifier (ID) of a reader, conducting R2D signal transmission; and 10. Random Access Configuration: Information related to a type of random access scheme triggered by a reader (e.g., 2-step or 4-step RACH) .
[0232] 1. Service and Application Context: Information indicating a service type or an application scenario associated with an A-IoT operation. Specifically: ● Triggering Command Types: In one or more embodiments, a reader (e.g., a base station or an intermediate node UE) may be configured to indicate a specific command type to trigger a response from at least one A-IoT device. Exemplary command types may include a Data Transfer (DT) command or a Data Only -Data Transfer Trigger (DO-DTT) command. ● Content-Based Triggering: In one or more embodiments, the reader may further indicate a specific content type or filter criterion within a trigger signal, such as a tag value or a device identifier, to selectively trigger a response from a targeted subset of A-IoT devices.
[0233] 2. Scheduling Constraints: Information related to resource scheduling: The scheduling constraints may comprise parameters used by the base station or the reader to manage physical layer resources. These parameters include at least one of the following: a. Resource Identification: A resource pool index specifically allocated for an A-IoT application or a group of A-IoT devices. b. Physical Layer Configurations: Time and frequency resource configuration for R2D transmission or D2R transmission. c. Access Schemes: A multiple access scheme for R2D or D2R communications, such as Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) or Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) . d. Functional Resource Types: The type of resource configuration, distinguishing between resources dedicated to R2D transmissions from a reader and resources dedicated to D2R transmissions from an A-IoT device. e. Data Volume Parameters: Packet size or Transport Block Size (TBS) for R2D or D2R transmissions. The determination of the D2R packet size may vary according to the network topology: i. In Topology 2: Information regarding the D2R packet size may be requested by a base station (e.g., base station 20a or 200) and provided by a core network node or an intermediate node UE (e.g., via UE assistance information) . ii. In Topology 1: Information regarding the D2R packet size may be requested by a base station (e.g., base station 20a or 200) and provided by a core network node or directly by an A-IoT device (e.g., via device type-related information) . f. R2D or D2R modulation scheme for an A-IoT traffic type: A modulation scheme (e.g., Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) , Phase Shift Keying (PSK) , or specialized backscatter modulation) associated with a specific A-IoT traffic type.
[0234] 3. Initial Access Parameters: Information related to Message 1 (Msg1) transmission originated from an A-IoT device: a. Autonomous Resource Selection: A reader can indicate one or more resource occasions (e.g., via a paging signal) to an A-IoT device. The A-IoT device can autonomously select one of the resource occasions for Msg1 transmission. i. Resource Domains: The resource occasions may comprise time-domain resource occasions or frequency-domain resource occasions. b. Contention-Free Random Access (CFRA) : In one or more embodiments, the reader facilitates contention-free operation by providing explicit signaling to the A-IoT device. To prevent collisions of Msg1 transmissions among multiple A-IoT devices, the reader is configured to indicate at least one of a specific resource occasion or a specific identifier (ID) to the A-IoT device. Specifically: i. Scenario 1 (Resource-Directed) : The reader indicates a specific resource occasion for the A-IoT device to transmit Msg1. In this scenario, the A-IoT device may utilize a specific ID assigned by the reader or, alternatively, select a random ID for the Msg1 transmission. ii. Scenario 2 (ID-Directed) : The reader indicates a specific ID for the A-IoT device to transmit Msg1. In this scenario, the A-IoT device may utilize a specific resource occasion indicated by the reader or, alternatively, autonomously select a resource occasion for the Msg1 transmission.
[0235] 4. Downlink Delivery Status: Information related to the success or failure of R2D data reception at an A-IoT device (atarget A-IoT device) : a. A reader can indicate whether feedback information, e.g., HARQ-ACK or a D2R response, from an A-IoT device is necessary or not. i. The feedback information can be carried in Msg3 or a D2R message in response to an R2D message. ii. A reader can re-trigger a D2R response if the previous D2R response is not received. iii. A reader can re-transmit an R2D message if a previous R2D message transmission failed. b. A reader can indicate to an A-IoT device whether an R2D command, e.g., carried in a paging signal or an R2D message, is for initial triggering or for re-triggering of a D2R response.
[0236] 5. Uplink Delivery Status: Information related to success or failure of D2R data reception from the A-IoT device at the intermediate node or reader: a. A reader can provide more than one resource occasion (e.g., in a paging signal or Msg2) for an A-IoT device to re-transmit or re-access the channel in case the previous D2R transmission failed. i. A reader can indicate a total number of transmission occasions for re-transmission or re-accessing opportunities. Depending on the type of random access scheme, an A-IoT device autonomously re-transmits or re-accesses the channel over the given resource occasions. ii. A reader can indicate a resource occasion for re-transmission or re-accessing the channel. Depending on the type of random access scheme, an A-IoT device follows reader’s instruction to re-transmit or re-access the channel on the indicated resource. b. A reader can trigger one or more than one A-IoT device to re-transmit D2R data or re-access channel over one more than one resource occasion if the previous D2R transmission failed during a random access procedure (e.g., failed Msg1 or Msg3 transmission) or after a random access procedure (e.g., failed D2R message in response to a R2D command) . A trigger indication can be carried in Msg2 or in an R2D message. i. In the case of indication in Msg2, Msg 2 can indicate success and / or failure of D2R transmission from one or more than one A-IoT device. - One or more than one random ID indicated in Msg2 can be associated with one or more than one A-IoT device which succeeds or fails in Msg1 transmission. Indication of one or more than one failed A-IoT device relies on respective random ID transmitted in Msg1. - One or more than one random ID indicated in Msg2 can be associated with one or more than one A-IoT device which fails in the previous round of Msg3 transmission. That is, Msg2 is used for requesting retransmission of Msg3 from failed A-IoT devices. Indication of one or more than one failed A-IoT device relies on respective random ID transmitted in Msg1. ii. In the case of indication in an R2D message after random access procedure, the R2D message can indicate success and / or failure of D2R reception from one or more than one A-IoT device in response to R2D command sent from a reader. - The R2D message can be regarded as a feedback indication of D2R reception from one or more than one A-IoT device. - Indication of one or more than one failed A-IoT device can rely on IDs derived from respective device ID transmitted in Msg3 or rely on respective ID given by a reader.
[0237] 6. Energy Metrics: Information related to energy status reports from one or more than one A-IoT device (e.g., remaining power levels or energy harvesting rates) : a. A reader can determine whether to request energy status report. The request information targeting for one or more than one A-IoT device can be transmitted in R2D control information. The requested energy status report can be transmitted in D2R control information. b. A reader can trigger an individual A-IoT device, a group of A-IoT device, or all reachable A-IoT devices to report energy status via an associated device ID. c. A reader can provide one or more than one energy threshold for an A-IoT device to determine and report energy status. i. The remaining energy stored in an A-IoT device can be compared with one or more than one energy threshold which is predefined in the standard or preconfigured by a reader. ii. The energy status report can be binary information using a single bit or multi-bit indication. - Single-Bit Configuration: In one or more embodiments, for the case of single bit energy status report, bit 0 represents the remaining energy is less than or equal to an energy threshold, and bit 1 represents the remaining energy is greater than an energy threshold. Alternatively, the mapping of bit values to energy levels may be reversed. - Multi-Bit Configuration: In one or more embodiments, for the case of multi-bit energy status report, a plurality of energy status levels (e.g., more than two quantized energy levels) can be reported by an A-IoT device.
[0238] 7. Neighborhood Discovery Data: Information related to device types of A-IoT devices surrounding an intermediate node UE (e.g., within the proximity of an intermediate node UE) : a. A reader can request device type related information from one or more than one A-IoT device (e.g., the A-IoT devices within the proximity of an intermediate node UE) . The requested device type related information can be transmitted (e.g., in Msg 3, or in a D2R message in response to an R2D command) from an A-IoT device to the UE. In Topology 2, the information can be forwarded by the UE to the base station.
[0239] 8. Link Directionality Configurations: Information for one or more than one target A-IoT device to receive R2D message or to transmit D2R message: Identifier (ID) of one or more than one target A-IoT device can be carried in R2D control information (e.g., in the form of Msg 0, i.e., paging signal, or Msg 2 during a random access procedure, or in the form of an R2D command triggering a D2R response after random access procedure) . Each of the target A-IoT devices can be associated with a unicast or groupcast device ID. a. A-IoT device determines to receive an R2D message or to transmit a D2R message in response to a received R2D control information according to matching results of the device ID indicated in the R2D control information. i. If the device ID can match the A-IoT device, the A-IoT device is configured to receive the associated R2D message or to transmit a D2R response to the associated R2D message. b. In case an A-IoT device receives more than one paging signal with the same device ID associated with the A-IoT device. i. Retransmission responsive to subsequent paging from the same Reader: If the paging signals are transmitted from the same reader, the A-IoT device can transmit D2R message again (i.e., transmitting D2R message in response to each of the paging signals) or determine to transmit D2R message again according to at least one of the following conditions. - Acknowledgement Status: The A-IoT device has not received an acknowledgement of previously transmitted D2R message. - Procedure State: The operation is during a 2-step or 3-step random access procedure. - Explicit Configuration: The A-IoT device has received a configuration from a reader to retransmit D2R message in the case of double paging. ii. Refraining from retransmission responsive to subsequent paging from the same Reader: If the paging signals with the same device ID are transmitted from the same reader, the A-IoT device refrains from transmitting D2R message again (i.e., refraining from transmitting D2R message in response to each of the paging signals) or determines to refrain from transmitting D2R message again according to at least one of the following conditions. - Acknowledgement Status: The A-IoT device has received an acknowledgement of previously transmitted D2R message. - Procedure State: The operation is during a 2-step or 3-step random access procedure. - Explicit Configuration: The A-IoT device has received a configuration from a reader to refrain from transmitting D2R message in the case of double paging. iii. Paging from different Readers: If the paging signals with the same device ID are transmitted from different readers, the A-IoT device shall transmit D2R message again (i.e., transmitting D2R message in response to each of the paging signals) .
[0240] 9. Source Identification: Identity of a source node, i.e., identifier (ID) of a reader, conducting R2D signal transmission: a. The identifier of a reader can be associated with a source ID carried in the R2D control information. b. The identifier carried in the R2D control information can be associated with the reader sending the R2D control information. c. The identifier carried in the R2D control information can be different from the reader sending the R2D control information. d. An A-IoT device can identify a source node with the indicated source ID or decide whether to receive R2D message or transmit D2R message according to the indicated source ID. i. For example, an A-IoT device can refrain from receiving a R2D message if the R2D message is not transmitted from an intended source node. ii. For example, an A-IoT device can refrain from transmitting D2R message again if the A-IoT device receives more than one paging signal associated with the A-IoT device from the same source ID.
[0241] 10. Random Access Configuration: Information related to a type of random access scheme triggered by a reader (e.g., 2-step or 4-step RACH) . For example, the type of random access scheme may comprise one or more of the following: a. Contention-based random access or contention-free random access. b. 2-step or 3-step random access. c. Initial triggering of a random access or re-triggering of a random access for one or more than one failed A-IoT device to re-access the channel.
[0242] Embodiment C-2: Device identification and addressing in Topology 2.
[0243] In one or more embodiments associated with Topology 2, the network utilizes a hierarchical addressing scheme to manage a plurality of Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) devices through an intermediate node UE.
[0244] Implicit Group Addressing: From the perspective of a base station (e.g., base station 20a or 200) , identification of a group of A-IoT devices served by an intermediate node UE can be regarded as an ID associated with the intermediate node UE.
[0245] In this case, an ID of an intermediate node UE represents a group ID associated with multiple A-IoT devices served by the intermediate node UE
[0246] Explicit Device and Node Identification: In one or more embodiments, a unicast or group ID associated with one or more than one A-IoT device is specifically indicated by a base station (e.g., BS 20a or 200) for indirectly controlling A-IoT devices. In this case, the base station provides information about one or more than one ID associated with one or more than one A-IoT device to an intermediate node UE which is identified by a UE ID. - The intermediate node UE is identified by a UE ID. A UE ID associated with the intermediate node UE can be an identifier assigned by base station (e.g., radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) ) or a globally unique identifier (e.g., International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) and / or International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) ) . - The ID associated with an A-IoT device for identification can be a random ID transmitted in Msg1, or an ID derived from a device ID indicated in Msg3. - The ID associated with an A-IoT device or a group of A-IoT devices can be a scheduling ID assigned by a reader or an ID derived from a device ID indicated in Msg3.
[0247] Two-Step or Dual ID Indication Mechanism: In Topology 2, two-step or dual ID indication can be conducted by the base station. - The two-step or dual ID indication includes a first ID associated with a UE (e.g., UE 10a, 10b, or 100) that serves as a reader and a second ID associated with an A-IoT device or a group of A-IoT devices served by the UE. For example, ■ First Level (Node Level) : The first ID associated with a UE (e.g., UE 10a, 10b, or 100) can be an RNTI of PDCCH for the UE. The RNTI may be used for the detection or scrambling of a PDCCH addressed to the intermediate node UE. ■ Second Level (Device Level) : The second ID associated with an A-IoT device or a group of A-IoT devices may be transmitted to an intermediate node UE and is carried in a DCI of PDCCH or in the higher layer control information (i.e., MAC CE or RRC signaling) of a PDSCH. ■ Functional Trigger: The intermediate node UE can page or trigger one or more than one A-IoT device to perform a specific operation, such as random access, in accordance with the second ID carried in the PDSCH.
[0248] Embodiment C-3: Device control in Topology 2.
[0249] In one or more embodiments associated with Topology 2, a base station (e.g., base station 20a or 200) implements a two-stage control mechanism to facilitate A-IoT operations. From the perspective of a base station (e.g., base station 20a or 200) , two-step control information can be provided for an A-IoT operation, wherein the first control information is carried in DCI of a PDCCH, while the second control information is carried in higher layer control information of a PDSCH. a. Signaling Interdependency: The first control information is configured to indicate at least one of a resource structure, a format, or a content type associated with the second control information. Conversely, the second control information indicates at least one of a configuration or resource scheduling for an A-IoT device or a group of A-IoT devices. b. Formatting of Control Stages: The first control information can be in the form of a first step DCI. The second control information carried in higher layer control information can be in the form of a second step DCI, MAC CE, or RRC signaling carried in the PDSCH. i. Two-stage DCI configuration: In instances where a second-stage DCI is utilized, a resource location or a format of the second-stage DCI is explicitly indicated within the first-stage DCI carried by the PDCCH. ii. Functional Distribution: In a two-stage DCI configuration, the information required for the management of the communication link, UE, and A-IoT device is distributed between the stages. Specifically, each stage of the two-stage control information conveys a respective portion of parameters used for the configuration or scheduling of a UE (serving as an intermediate node) or for the configuration or scheduling of at least one A-IoT device (or a group thereof) served by the UE.
[0250] Embodiment C-4: Control and identification procedure for an A-IoT operation
[0251] FIG. 13 illustrates an example of signaling flows which demonstrates the coordinated roles between a base station (e.g., BS 20a or 200) a UE (serving as an intermediate node, e.g., UE 10a, 10b, or 100) , and an A-IoT device (e.g., A-IoT device 60a) for supporting A-IoT operations .
[0252] In one or more embodiments, the base station provides control information of A-IoT related operation to UE via DCI carried in PDCCH or via MAC CE / RRC IE carried in PDSCH. For example, two-step DCI illustrated in Embodiment C-3 can be carried out for providing A-IoT related control information. According to the received control information in PDCCH or PDSCH, the UE controls or schedules resources for A-IoT operation according to the A-IoT related configurations provided by the base station.
[0253] In one or more embodiments, the base station provides IDs associated with one or more than one target A-IoT device to UE. Similar to the control information, these IDs may be carried via DCI in PDCCH or via MAC CE / RRC IE in PDSCH. For example, the two-step ID indication illustrated in Embodiment C-2 can be carried out to provide the IDs associated with one or more than one target A-IoT device. According to the received A-IoT related IDs in PDCCH or PDSCH, the UE performs A-IoT operation (e.g., paging, triggering, or data retrieval) with one or more than one target A-IoT device.
[0254] In one or more embodiments, UE collects A-IoT related information from one or more than one target A-IoT device indicated by the base station and then reports A-IoT related information (i.e., A-IoT data or operation status) to the base station.
[0255] Embodiment D: Control and scheduling scheme for an A-IoT operation.
[0256] In Topology 1 or Topology 2, the base station can semi-statically control or schedule resources for a UE (e.g., UE 10a, 10b, or 100) or an A-IoT device to perform an A-IoT operation. Parameters relevant to semi-statically control or resource scheduling can refer to Embodiment B and C. The control or schedule scheme by a base station (e.g., BS 20a or 200) or a reader for A-IoT related operation is illustrated in the following.
[0257] Embodiment D-1: Semi-static control or scheduling resource for A-IoT operation.
[0258] 1. Configuration of semi-static resources by base station:
[0259] In Topology 2, a base station (e.g., BS 20a or 200) can configure semi-static resources for a UE (e.g., UE 10a, 10b, or 100) to perform A-IoT operation, e.g., upon receiving UE assistance information.
[0260] The semi-static A-IoT resource can be configured, for example, in the form of configured grant (CG) configuration. The semi-static A-IoT resource can be configured using a set of parameters, wherein one or more than one set of CG parameters can be configured for a UE. The set of parameters may comprise one or more of the following: a. CG Index: A configured grant index associated with a specific CG resource; b. Resource Pool: A resource pool identifier utilized for A-IoT communications; c. Directionality Indicator: An indication of whether a D2R resource or a R2D resource is being configured; d. Periodicity: A periodicity associated with the A-IoT resources; e. Resource Mapping: A time-domain and frequency-domain resource location within a defined CG period; f. Packet Size or Format: A packet size or transport block size (TBS) for R2D or D2R transmissions; g. Repetition Scheme: A repetition scheme utilized for scheduled R2D or D2R A-IoT traffic; h. Repetition Number: A repetition count or number of repetitions for the scheduled A-IoT traffic; i. Modulation: A modulation scheme utilized for the R2D or D2R A-IoT traffic; and j. Multiple Access: A multiple access scheme (e.g., Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) or Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) ) utilized for the R2D or D2R A-IoT traffic.
[0261] 2. Utilization of semi-static resources:
[0262] From the perspective of a UE, availability or usability of the configured semi-static A-IoT resource for A-IoT operation is determined based on at least one of the following schemes. a. Immediate Availability: The configured semi-static A-IoT resource is immediately available for use upon configuration of the semi-static A-IoT resource for a UE. In this scheme, the semi-static A-IoT resource remains available until it is released or reconfigured by the base station. b. Trigger-Based Availability: The configured semi-static A-IoT resource becomes available for use for a period after the semi-static A-IoT resource is configured or upon satisfaction of a trigger condition. The trigger condition may comprise one or more of the following. i. Receipt of activation (e.g., an activation command via DCI) to trigger an A-IoT operation; or ii. A timer-based event, wherein the configured resource is activated or released upon the expiration of a predefined timer. Temporal Granularity: The duration of the availability period may be fixed by a standard or configured by the base station. The base station may further configure the period with a slot-level granularity.. c. Hybrid Configuration Signaling In addition to Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling for the configuration of a first set of parameters (e.g., periodicity) , a second set of parameters for the semi-static A-IoT resource may be assigned or activated via DCI signaling. The information carried in the DCI comprises at least one of the following: i. Activation / Deactivation: Commands to activate or deactivate A-IoT resources; ii. CG Index: A configured grant index associated with a specific CG resource; for activation. iii. Resource Pool: A resource pool identifier utilized for A-IoT communications; iv. Directionality Indicator: An indication of whether a D2R resource or a R2D resource is being configured; v. Resource Mapping: A time-domain and frequency-domain resource location within a defined CG period; vi. Packet Size or Format: A packet size or transport block size (TBS) for R2D or D2R transmissions; vii. Repetition Scheme: A repetition scheme utilized for scheduled R2D or D2R A-IoT traffic; viii. Repetition Number: A repetition count or number of repetitions for the scheduled R2D or D2R A-IoT traffic; ix. Modulation: A modulation scheme utilized for the R2D or D2R A-IoT traffic; and x. Multiple Access: A multiple access scheme (e.g., TDMA or FDMA) utilized for the R2D or D2R A-IoT traffic.
[0263] Embodiment D-2: Carrier wave signal resource scheduling.
[0264] 1. Configuration of semi-static resources by base station:
[0265] A base station (e.g., base station 20a, 20b, or 200) is configured to allocate semi-static resources to a user equipment (UE) to facilitate the transmission of a carrier wave signal. The carrier wave signal configuration comprises at least one set of parameters, wherein one or more sets of parameters may be configured for a single UE. The set of parameters may comprise one or more of the following: a. A configuration index associated with resources of the carrier wave signal; b. A resource pool (e.g., a resource pool identifier) used for carrier wave signal transmission; c. An active duration of the carrier wave signal resources; d. A periodicity of the carrier wave signal resources; e. A carrier frequency of the carrier wave signal; f. Time and frequency resources within each period of the carrier wave signal resources; g. A waveform or format of the carrier wave signal; h. A number of tones for generating the carrier wave signal; i. A tone location for generating the carrier wave signal; j. A time pattern configured for carrier wave signal transmission; and k. A power level for carrier wave signal transmission.
[0266] 2. Utilization of semi-static resources:
[0267] From the perspective of a UE, availability or usability of the configured semi-static resource for carrier wave signal transmission is determined based on at least one of the following schemes. a. Immediate Availability: The configured semi-static carrier wave signal resource is immediately available for use upon configuration of the resource for the UE. In this scheme, the resource remains active until it is explicitly released or reconfigured by the base station. b. DCI-Triggered Availability: The availability or activation of the semi-statically configured carrier wave signal resource is contingent upon the reception of additional DCI signaling. The information carried in the DCI for the management or activation of the carrier wave signal resources may comprise one or more of the following: i. Activation or deactivation of carrier wave signal transmission; ii. A configuration index associated with resources of the carrier wave signal; iii. A resource pool (e.g., a resource pool identifier) used for carrier wave signal transmission; iv. An active duration of the carrier wave signal resources; v. A carrier frequency of the carrier wave signal; vi. Time and frequency resources within each period of the carrier wave signal resources; vii. A waveform or format of the carrier wave signal; viii. A number of tones for generating the carrier wave signal; ix. A tone location for generating the carrier wave signal; x. A time pattern or an index of a time pattern for carrier wave signal transmission; and xi. A power level for carrier wave signal transmission.
[0268] Embodiment D-3: Random access resource scheduling.
[0269] In one or more embodiments associated with Topology 2, a base station (e.g., base station 20a, 20b, or 200) is configured to allocate random access resources to a UE (e.g., UE 10a, 10b, or 100) to facilitate random access between the UE and one or more than one A-IoT device.
[0270] 1. Configuration of resources by base station: The random access resource related information can be configured using a set of parameters, wherein one or more than one set of parameters can be configured for a UE. The set of parameters may comprise one or more of the following: a. A configuration index associated with the resources configured for random access; b. A resource pool (e.g., a resource pool identifier) used for random access; c. Time and frequency resource location (s) used for a random access procedure, for example, which may include one or more of: i. Time or frequency resources configured for contention-based random access; ii. Time or frequency resources configured for contention-free random access; iii. Time or frequency resources configured for receiving Msg1 or Msg3; and iv. Time or frequency resources configured for transmitting Msg2; d. Location (s) of time domain or frequency domain access occasions allocated for A-IoT devices to transmit Msg1. e. A total number time domain or frequency domain access occasions allocated for A-IoT devices to transmit Msg1.
[0271] 2. Utilization of resources: Availability of the configured random access resource may be determined based on one or more of the following schemes. a. Immediate Availability: The configured resource for random access is immediately available for use upon configuration of the resource for the UE. In this scheme, the resource remains active until it is explicitly released or reconfigured by the base station. b. DCI-Triggered Availability: The availability or activation of the configured random access resource is contingent upon the reception of additional DCI signaling. The information carried in the DCI for the management or activation of the random access resources may comprise one or more of the following: i. Activation or deactivation of the random access resources; ii. A resource pool or index of the resource pool used for random access; iii. A configuration index associated with the resources configured for random access; iv. Time and frequency resource location (s) of a random access procedure. v. Location (s) of time domain or frequency domain access occasions for A-IoT devices to transmit Msg1. vi. A total number of time domain or frequency domain access occasions for A-IoT devices to transmit Msg1.
[0272] Embodiment D-4: Random access operation control.
[0273] In one or more embodiments associated with Topology 2, a base station (e.g., BS 20a or 200) can control a random access procedure for a UE (e.g., UE 10a, 10b, or 100) to facilitate random access between the UE and one or more than one A-IoT device.
[0274] The random access operation related information can be dynamically controlled using DCI or semi-statically configured using RRC with a set of parameters, wherein one or more than one set of parameters can be configured for a UE. The set of parameters may comprise one or more of the following: a. A configuration index associated with a set of parameters configured for random access; b. One or more than one ID associated with an A-IoT device or a group of A-IoT devices configured to be triggered to perform random access; c. One or more than one set of IDs that can be randomly selected by A-IoT devices; d. One or more than one set of IDs that can be used for contention-free random access; e. Random Access Scheme Configuration: The type of random access scheme conducted by a UE (e.g., UE 10a, 10b, or 100) and A-IoT devices during random access procedure, including one or more of the following: i. A selection between contention-based or contention-free random access; ii. A selection between 2-step or 3-step, or other multi-step random access; and iii. An indication of whether the random access is an initial trigger or re-triggering of a random access procedure; f. A relative timing offset for R2D to D2R transition or for D2R to R2D transition: An indication of a timing offset between D2R reception and R2D transmission or between R2D transmission and D2R reception (e.g., the D2R reception may be responsive to R2D transmission. The R2D transmission may be responsive to D2R reception) ; g. A total number of random IDs being carried in Msg2 in response to successfully reception of more than one Msg1 from A-IoT devices; h. A multiplexing scheme (e.g., TDMA or FDMA) for R2D or D2R transmission during a random access procedure; and i. Parameter settings associated with slotted based ALOHA channel access, such as a Q-value for backoff or slot selection.
[0275] Embodiment D-5: Semi-static resource configuration for an A-IoT operation
[0276] FIG. 14 illustrates an exemplary signaling flows that demonstrates the coordinated roles between a base station (e.g., BS 20a or 200) , a UE (serving as an intermediate node) , and at least one A-IoT device in supporting semi-static resource configuration. ◆ In one or more embodiments, the base station conducts semi-static resource configuration for a UE (e.g., UE 10a, 10b, or 100) to perform an A-IoT operation via an RRC signaling carried in PDSCH. For example, the semi-statically configured resource may comprise one or more of resources for R2D / D2R signal transmission, carrier wave signal transmission, or a random access procedure as indicated in Embodiments D-1, D-2, D-3, and D-4. According to the received resource configuration via RRC signaling in PDSCH, the UE derives parameters of semi-statically configured resources for an A-IoT operation. ◆ In one or more embodiments, the base station transmits an indication for activation of the configured resource to UE via DCI carried in PDCCH or via MAC CE / RRC IE carried in PDSCH. The DCI carrying activation indication can also carry a subset of parameters related to resources used for an A-IoT operation. According to the received activation indication, the UE starts to perform an A-IoT operation over configured resources with one or more than one A-IoT device. ◆ In one or more embodiments, the base station transmits an indication for deactivation of configured resources to UE via DCI carried in PDCCH or via MAC CE / RRC IE carried in PDSCH. According to the received deactivation indication, the UE is configured to cease performing the A-IoT operation over configured resource with one or more than one A-IoT device.
[0277] Embodiment I: A-IoT, UE and gNB:
[0278] With reference to FIG. 15, the A-IoT device 60a may include a logical circuit 61a, a memory 62a, and a transceiver 63a. The logical circuit 61a is configured to call and run a computer program stored in the memory 62a, to cause the device in which the logical circuit 61a is installed to execute the disclosed method, steps, and / or functions of an A-IoT device. The transceiver 63a may include baseband circuitry and radio frequency (RF) circuitry.
[0279] With reference to FIG. 16, the UE 100 may include a processor 11a, a memory 12a, and a transceiver 13a. The processor 11a is configured to call and run a computer program stored in the memory 12a, to cause UE 100 in which the processor 11 is installed to execute the disclosed method, steps, and / or functions of a UE. The UE 100 is an example of the UE in the description (e.g., network node in the figures) . The transceiver 13a may include baseband circuitry and radio frequency (RF) circuitry.
[0280] With reference to FIG. 17, the base station 200 is a network device and may include a processor 21a, a memory 22a, and a transceiver 23a. The processor 21a is configured to call and run a computer program stored in the memory 22a, to cause network node 200 in which the processor 11 is installed to execute the method, steps, and / or functions of a base station. The gNB is an example of the base station in the description. The transceiver 23a, may include baseband circuitry and radio frequency (RF) circuitry.
[0281] With reference to FIG. 18, the embodiment of the disclosure also provides a chip 60 that may correspond to an A-IoT device in the embodiments of the disclosure. The chip 60 may implement a corresponding process realized by the A-IoT device in various methods of the embodiments of the disclosure. The chip 60 includes a logical circuit 61, and the logical circuit 61 may call and run a computer program from memory to implement the methods in the embodiments of the present application.
[0282] Optionally, the chip 60 may also include a memory 62. In particular, the logical circuit 61 may call and run the computer program from the memory 62 to implement the methods in the embodiments of the present application.
[0283] Moreover, the memory 62 may be a separate device from the logical circuit 61 or may be integrated into the logical circuit 61.
[0284] Optionally, the chip 60 may further include an input interface 63. Note that the logical circuit 61 may control the input interface 63 to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, to obtain messages or data sent by other devices or chips.
[0285] Optionally, the chip 60 may further include an output interface 64. Note that the logical circuit 61 may control the output interface 64 to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, to output messages or data to other devices or chips.
[0286] With reference to FIG. 19, the embodiment of the disclosure also provides a chip 70 that may correspond to a UE in the embodiments of the disclosure. The chip 70 may implement a corresponding process realized by the UE in various methods of the embodiments of the disclosure. The chip 70 includes a processor 71, and the processor 71 may call and run a computer program from memory to implement the methods in the embodiments of the present application.
[0287] Optionally, the chip 70 may also include a memory 72. In particular, the processor 71 may call and run the computer program from the memory 72 to implement the methods in the embodiments of the present application.
[0288] Moreover, the memory 72 may be a separate device from the processor 71 or may be integrated into the processor 71.
[0289] Optionally, the chip 70 may further include an input interface 73. Note that the processor 71 may control the input interface 73 to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, to obtain messages or data sent by other devices or chips.
[0290] Optionally, the chip 70 may further include an output interface 74. Note that the processor 71 may control the output interface 74 to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, to output messages or data to other devices or chips.
[0291] With reference to FIG. 20, the embodiment of the disclosure also provides another chip 80 that may correspond to a base station (e.g., CN network entity, network node, radio node, the base station, or gNB) in the description, and the chip 80 may implement the corresponding processes implemented by the base station in the various methods of the embodiments of the disclosure. The chip 80 includes a processor 81, and the processor 81 may call and run a computer program from the memory 82 to implement the methods in the embodiments of the present application.
[0292] Optionally, the chip 80 may further include a memory 82. In particular, the processor 81 may call and run the computer program from the memory 82 to implement the methods in the embodiments of the present application.
[0293] Wherein the memory 82 may be a separate device from the processor 81 or may be integrated into the processor 81.
[0294] Optionally, the chip 80 may also include an input interface 83. In particular, the processor 81 may control the input interface 83 to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, to obtain messages or data sent by other devices or chips.
[0295] Optionally, the chip may further include an output interface 84. In particular, the processor 81 may control the output interface 84 to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, to output messages or data to other devices or chips.
[0296] The embodiment of the present disclosure is a combination of techniques / processes that may be adopted in 3GPP specification to create an end product.
[0297] While the present disclosure has been described in connection with what is considered the most practical and preferred embodiments, it is understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the disclosed embodiments but is intended to cover various arrangements made without departing from the scope of the broadest interpretation of the appended claims.
Claims
A method for configuring ambient internet of things (A-IoT) interface for execution by a UE, comprising:providing UE related information to a base station;receiving A-IoT configuration information from the base station for an A-IoT operation between the UE and one or more than one A-IoT device; andproviding a status report of the A-IoT operation to the base station.The method of claim 1, wherein the UE related information is provided according to a configuration that is sent by the base station via RRC signaling.The method of claim 1, wherein the UE related information is transmitted by the UE via radio resource control (RRC) signaling.The method of claim 1, wherein the UE receives the A-IoT configuration information from the base station via dedicated RRC signaling.The method of claim 1, wherein the A-IoT configuration information received from the base station is derived from the UE related information transmitted to the base station.The method of claim 5, wherein the UE related information includes UE assistance information.The method of claim 6, wherein the UE assistance information transmitted to the base station is used for the base station to determine a resource used for the A-IoT operation, wherein the resource is indicated in the A-IoT configuration information.The method of claim 6, wherein the UE assistance information includes A-IoT traffic related information.The method of claim 8, wherein the A-IoT traffic related information includes a packet size or a transport block size of the A-IoT operation.The method of claim 8, wherein the A-IoT traffic related information includes a latency requirement of the A-IoT operation.The method of claim 1, wherein the A-IoT configuration information includes an A-IoT resource allocation for the A-IoT operation.The method of claim 11, wherein the A-IoT resource allocation for the A-IoT operation comprises a resource pool indication.The method of claim 1, wherein the UE schedules resources for the A-IoT operation according to the A-IoT configuration information provided by the base station, wherein the A-IoT configuration information includes an A-IoT resource allocation.The method of claim 1, wherein the A-IoT configuration information includes an A-IoT resource allocation for the A-IoT operation, and a resource indicated by the A-IoT resource allocation for the A-IoT operation is valid for the UE until the allocated resource is released by the base station.The method of claim 1, wherein the A-IoT configuration information includes at least one of a packet size or a transport block size (TBS) for a reader to device (R2D) transmission or a device to reader (D2R) transmission.The method of claim 1, wherein the A-IoT configuration information includes identification information associated with the one or more than one A-IoT device.The method of claim 1, wherein the A-IoT configuration information includes an indication of a total number of target A-IoT devices.The method of claim 1, wherein the A-IoT configuration information includes an ID associated with the UE for the A-IoT operation.The method of claim 18, wherein the ID associated with the UE is derived from a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) of the UE.The method of claim 18, wherein the ID associated with the UE is used as an identifier for the base station to associate with the one or more than one A-IoT device in the A-IoT operation.The method of claim 18, wherein the ID associated with the UE is used as a source node identification for the one or more than one A-IoT device.The method of claim 1, wherein the UE is configured as an intermediate node in response to a signaling from the base station, the signaling being based on the UE related information transmitted by the UE.The method of claim 22, wherein the UE related information includes UE capability information of the UE.The method of claim 23, wherein the UE capability information includes at least one feature or function component of at least one A-IoT operation supported by the UE.The method of claim 22, wherein the UE related information includes an indication of feasibility for the UE to serve as an intermediate node.The method of claim 1, wherein the A-IoT configuration information indicates a resource allocated by the base station for the A-IoT operation according to a scheduling request (SR) or a buffer status reporting (BSR) transmitted by the UE.The method of claim 1, wherein the UE is configured as an intermediate node in response to receiving a configuration of at least one A-IoT relevant parameter.The method of claim 1, wherein the status report of the A-IoT operation includes an A-IoT operation result of an inventory procedure associated with the one or more than one A-IoT device.The method of claim 28, wherein the A-IoT operation result includes one or more identifiers associated with the one or more than one A-IoT device detected by the UE.The method of claim 28, wherein the A-IoT operation result includes an indication of a total number of A-IoT devices detected by the UE.The method of claim 28, wherein the A-IoT operation result includes inventory data of the one or more than one A-IoT device.The method of claim 1, wherein the status report of the A-IoT operation includes performance information regarding the A-IoT operation between the UE and the one or more than one A-IoT device.The method of claim 1, wherein the status report of the A-IoT operation includes contention results of random access performed by the one or more than one A-IoT device.The method of claim 1, wherein the status report of the A-IoT operation includes one or more than one energy status associated with the one or more than one A-IoT device.The method of claim 1, wherein the status report of the A-IoT operation includes location information of the one or more than one A-IoT device.The method of claim 1, wherein the status report of the A-IoT operation is transmitted according to a configuration that is received from the base station via RRC signaling.The method of claim 1, wherein the status report of the A-IoT operation is transmitted by the UE via RRC signaling.The method of claim 1, wherein a scheduling identifier (ID) associated with one of the one or more than one A-IoT device is assigned by the UE to the A-IoT device, wherein the scheduling ID is used by the UE to schedule an A-IoT resource for the A-IoT device.The method of claim 1, wherein the UE provides an ID associated with the UE to the one or more than A-IoT device during the A-IoT operation.The method of claim 39, wherein the ID associated with the UE is used for the one or more than one A-IoT device to identify a source node of a R2D transmission.The method of claim 39, wherein the ID associated with the UE is carried in an R2D control information.The method of claim 1, wherein the A-IoT configuration information provides a configuration for the UE to serve as an intermediate node, or a configuration for the UE to transmit R2D signals or receive D2R signals.The method of claim 1, wherein the A-IoT configuration information includes a configuration for the UE to transmit a carrier wave signal.The method of claim 1, wherein the A-IoT configuration information includes a semi-static A-IoT resource for at least one of R2D signal transmission or D2R signal reception.The method of claim 44, wherein the semi-static A-IoT resource includes a resource pool indication for the A-IoT operation.The method of claim 44, wherein the semi-static A-IoT resource become available for use upon satisfaction of a trigger condition.The method of claim 1, wherein the A-IoT configuration information includes a set of parameters for the UE to perform random access with the one or more than one A-IoT device.The method of claim 1, wherein the A-IoT configuration information includes a resource configuration for the UE to perform random access with the one or more than one A-IoT device.The method of claim 1, wherein the A-IoT configuration information includes a type of random access scheme for the UE to perform random access with the one or more than one A-IoT device.The method of claim 1, wherein the A-IoT configuration information includes an indication of a number of time domain or frequency domain access occasions for the one or more than one A-IoT device to transmit Msg1.The method of claim 1, wherein the A-IoT configuration information includes at least one of a time division multiple access (TDMA) multiplexing scheme or frequency division multiple access (FDMA) multiplexing scheme for a R2D transmission or a D2R transmission during a random access procedure.The method of claim 1, wherein the UE transmits a paging signal indicating a plurality of resource occasions to enable the one or more than one A-IoT device to autonomously select one of the plurality of resource occasions for Msg. 1 transmission.The method of claim 1, wherein the UE indicates a specific resource occasion for one of the one or more than one A-IoT device to transmit Msg. 1.The method of claim 1, wherein the UE requests a feedback message from the one or more than one A-IoT device in response to a R2D message transmitted by the UE.The method of claim 1, wherein the UE triggers a retransmission of a D2R message from one of the one or more than one A-IoT device in response to a R2D message transmitted by the UE.The method of claim 1, wherein the UE provides a energy threshold value for the one or more than one A-IoT device to determine respective energy statuses or to report respective energy statuses.A method for configuring ambient internet of things (A-IoT) interface for execution by a base station, comprising:receiving UE related information from a user equipment (UE) ;transmitting A-IoT configuration information to the UE for an A-IoT operation between the UE and one or more than one A-IoT device; andreceiving a status report of the A-IoT operation from the UE.The method of claim 57, wherein the UE related information is according to a configuration that is transmitted from the base station to the UE via RRC signaling.The method of claim 57, wherein the UE related information is received from the UE via radio resource control (RRC) signaling.The method of claim 57, wherein the base station transmits the A-IoT configuration information to the UE via dedicated RRC signaling.The method of claim 57, wherein the A-IoT configuration information is derived from the UE related information.The method of claim 61, wherein the UE related information includes UE assistance information.The method of claim 62, wherein the UE assistance information receives from the UE is used for the base station to determine a resource used for the A-IoT operation, wherein the resource is indicated in the A-IoT configuration information.The method of claim 62, wherein the UE assistance information includes A-IoT traffic related information.The method of claim 64, wherein the A-IoT traffic related information includes a packet size or a transport block size of the A-IoT operation.The method of claim 64, wherein the A-IoT traffic related information includes a latency requirement of the A-IoT operation.The method of claim 57, wherein the A-IoT configuration information includes an A-IoT resource allocation for the A-IoT operation.The method of claim 67, wherein the A-IoT resource allocation for the A-IoT operation comprises a resource pool indication.The method of claim 57, wherein resources scheduled by the UE for the A-IoT operation is according to the A-IoT configuration information provided by the base station, wherein the A-IoT configuration information includes an A-IoT resource allocation.The method of claim 57, wherein the A-IoT configuration information includes an A-IoT resource allocation for the A-IoT operation, and a resource indicated by the A-IoT resource allocation for the A-IoT operation is valid for the UE until the allocated resource is released by the base station.The method of claim 57, wherein the A-IoT configuration information includes at least one of a packet size or a transport block size (TBS) for a reader to device (R2D) transmission or a device to reader (D2R) transmission.The method of claim 57, wherein the A-IoT configuration information includes identification information associated with the one or more than one A-IoT device.The method of claim 57, wherein the A-IoT configuration information includes an indication of a total number of target A-IoT devices.The method of claim 57, wherein the A-IoT configuration information includes an ID associated with the UE for the A-IoT operation.The method of claim 74, wherein the ID associated with the UE is derived from a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) of the UE.The method of claim 74, wherein the ID associated with the UE is used as an identifier for the base station to associate with the one or more than one A-IoT device in the A-IoT operation.The method of claim 74, wherein the ID associated with the UE is used as a source node identification for the one or more than one A-IoT device.The method of claim 57, wherein the base station transmits a signaling to configure the UE as an intermediate node, the signaling being based on the UE related information transmitted by the UE.The method of claim 78, wherein the UE related information includes UE capability information of the UE.The method of claim 79, wherein the UE capability information includes at least one feature or function component of at least one A-IoT operation supported by the UE.The method of claim 78, wherein the UE related information includes an indication of feasibility for the UE to serve as an intermediate node.The method of claim 57, wherein the A-IoT configuration information indicates a resource allocated by the base station for the A-IoT operation according to a scheduling request (SR) or a buffer status reporting (BSR) transmitted by the UE.The method of claim 57, wherein the base station transmits a configuration of at least one A-IoT relevant parameter to configure the UE as an intermediate node.The method of claim 57, wherein the status report of the A-IoT operation includes an A-IoT operation result of an inventory procedure associated with the one or more than one A-IoT device.The method of claim 84, wherein the A-IoT operation result includes one or more identifiers associated with the one or more than one A-IoT device detected by the UE.The method of claim 84, wherein the A-IoT operation result includes an indication of a total number of A-IoT devices detected by the UE.The method of claim 84, wherein the A-IoT operation result includes inventory data of the one or more than one A-IoT device.The method of claim 57, wherein the status report of the A-IoT operation includes performance information regarding the A-IoT operation between the UE and the one or more than one A-IoT device.The method of claim 57, wherein the status report of the A-IoT operation includes contention results of random access performed by the one or more than one A-IoT device.The method of claim 57, wherein the status report of the A-IoT operation includes one or more than one energy status associated with the one or more than one A-IoT device.The method of claim 57, wherein the status report of the A-IoT operation includes location information of the one or more than one A-IoT device.The method of claim 57, wherein the status report of the A-IoT operation is received according to a configuration that is transmitted from the base station via RRC signaling.The method of claim 57, wherein the status report of the A-IoT operation is received from the UE via RRC signaling.The method of claim 57, wherein a scheduling identifier (ID) associated with one of the one or more than one A-IoT device is assigned by the UE to the A-IoT device, wherein the scheduling ID is used by the UE to schedule an A-IoT resource for the A-IoT device.The method of claim 57, wherein the UE provides an ID associated with the UE to the one or more than A-IoT device during the A-IoT operation.The method of claim 95, wherein the ID associated with the UE is used for the one or more than one A-IoT device to identify a source node of a R2D transmission.The method of claim 95, wherein the ID associated with the UE is carried in an R2D control information.The method of claim 57, wherein the A-IoT configuration information provides a configuration for the UE to serve as an intermediate node, or a configuration for the UE to transmit R2D signals or receive D2R signals.The method of claim 57, wherein the A-IoT configuration information includes a configuration for the UE to transmit a carrier wave signal.The method of claim 57, wherein the A-IoT configuration information includes a semi-static A-IoT resource for at least one of R2D signal transmission or D2R signal reception.The method of claim 100, wherein the semi-static A-IoT resource includes a resource pool indication for the A-IoT operation.The method of claim 100, wherein the semi-static A-IoT resource become available for use upon satisfaction of a trigger condition.The method of claim 57, wherein the A-IoT configuration information includes a set of parameters for the UE to perform random access with the one or more than one A-IoT device.The method of claim 57, wherein the A-IoT configuration information includes a resource configuration for the UE to perform random access with the one or more than one A-IoT device.The method of claim 57, wherein the A-IoT configuration information includes a type of random access scheme for the UE to perform random access with the one or more than one A-IoT device.The method of claim 57, wherein the A-IoT configuration information includes an indication of a number of time domain or frequency domain access occasions for the one or more than one A-IoT device to transmit Msg1.The method of claim 57, wherein the A-IoT configuration information includes at least one of a time division multiple access (TDMA) multiplexing scheme or frequency division multiple access (FDMA) multiplexing scheme for a R2D transmission or a D2R transmission during a random access procedure.The method of claim 57, wherein the UE transmits a paging signal indicating a plurality of resource occasions to enable the one or more than one A-IoT device to autonomously select one of the plurality of resource occasions for Msg. 1 transmission.The method of claim 57, wherein the UE indicates a specific resource occasion for one of the one or more than one A-IoT device to transmit Msg. 1.The method of claim 57, wherein the UE requests a feedback message from the one or more than one A-IoT device in response to a R2D message transmitted by the UE.The method of claim 57, wherein the UE triggers a retransmission of a D2R message from one of the one or more than one A-IoT device in response to a R2D message transmitted by the UE.The method of claim 57, wherein the UE provides a energy threshold value for the one or more than one A-IoT device to determine respective energy statuses or to report respective energy statuses.A user equipment (UE) comprising:a processor configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to cause a device in which the processor is installed to execute the method of any of claims 1 to 56.A base station comprising:a processor configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to cause a device in which the processor is installed to execute the method of any of claims 57 to 112.A chip, comprising:a processor, configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to cause a device in which the chip is installed to execute the method of any of claims 1 to 56 or any of claims 57 to 112.A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored, wherein the computer program causes a computer to execute the method of any of claims 1 to 56 or any of claims 57 to 112.A computer program product, comprising a computer program, wherein the computer program causes a computer to execute the method of any of claims 1 to 56 or any of claims 57 to 112.A computer program, wherein the computer program causes a computer to execute the method of any of claims 1 to 56 or any of claims 57 to 112.