IMPROVED HANDLING OF CONTENTION BASED MSG3 (CB-Msg3) AND MSG4 TRANSMISSION WITH DIVERSITY SLOTTED ALOHA (DSA)
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-02-06
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-13
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Figure CN2026077503_13082026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
IMPROVED HANDLING OF CONTENTION BASED MSG3 (CB-Msg3) AND MSG4 TRANSMISSION WITH DIVERSITY SLOTTED ALOHA (DSA)Technical Field
[0001] The present disclosure is related to the field of telecommunication, and in particular, to a terminal device, a network nodes, and methods for improved handling of contention based Msg3 (CB-Msg3) and Msg4 transmission with Diversity Slotted Aloha (DSA) .Background
[0002] In 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) , 5G system (5GS) is a new generation's radio access technology intended to serve use cases such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , ultra-reliable and low latency communication (URLLC) , NB-IOT and mMTC. 5G includes the New Radio (NR) access stratum interface and the 5G Core Network (5GC) . The NR physical and higher layers are reusing parts of the Long Term Evolution (LTE) specification, and to that add needed components when motivated by new use cases. There has been a lot of discussions in 3GPP in the last few years on how to specify technologies to cover / address use cases for Machine-to-Machine (M2M) and / or Internet of Things (IoT) . In Release 13, enhancements to support Machine-Type Communications (MTC) were specified introducing new User Equipment (UE) categories M1 (Cat-M1) and NB1 (Cat-NB1) to support reduced maximum bandwidth (BW) of up to 6 physical resource blocks (PRBs) in enhanced MTC (eMTC) work item and narrowband carrier in Narrow Band IoT (NB-IoT) work item specifying a new radio interface, respectively.
[0003] Further, to benefit from the strong mobile ecosystem and economy of scale, the satellite network based on the terrestrial wireless access technologies including LTE and NR for satellite networks, is being specified in the 3GPP standard.
[0004] In 3GPP Release 15, the first release of the 5GS was specified. In Release 15, 3GPP also started the work to prepare NR for operation in a Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) . In parallel the interest to adapt LTE for operation in NTN is growing. As a consequence, 3GPP introduced support for NTN in both LTE and NR in Release 17. After the basic functionality was established, NTN enhancements continued in Release 18 for both LTE and NR.Summary
[0005] Diversity Slotted Aloha (DSA) refers to a variation of the standard Slotted Aloha random access protocol where a user transmits multiple copies of the same packet, utilizing different transmission (frequency) channels or time slots to increase the likelihood of successful transmission, essentially creating "diversity" in the transmission attempt, by which the system is more resilient to collisions and can achieve higher throughput compared to standard Slotted Aloha, especially in environments with high interference.
[0006] For DSA, Msg4 window (i.e., window for receiving response to Msg3) could be (re) started similar as in the standard Slotted Aloha (SA) case, i.e., starting a Msg4 window after the end of all repetitions of each CB-Msg3 PUSCH transmission taking at least UE-eNB Round Trip Time (RTT) into account. However, UEs not supporting full duplex (i.e., NB-IoT UE) cannot transmit in uplink (UL) when receive in downlink (DL) , thus they may not be able to select transmission occasions for replicas up to the configured number when e.g., too few or even no CB-Msg3 occasion left in the DSA window after the Msg4 window.
[0007] Therefore, some embodiments of the present disclosure will study how to handle CB-Msg3 transmission and Msg4 reception for DSA in case the UE does not support full duplex and some corresponding solutions will be developed. This protocol is particularly useful in scenarios like satellite communication networks where signal propagation can be challenging and reliable transmission is crucial.
[0008] Therefore, to address or at least partially alleviate one or more of the above issues, some embodiments of the present disclosure are provided.
[0009] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a method at a terminal device is provided. The method comprises: transmitting, to a network node, one or more replicas of a contention-based Message 3 (CB-Msg3) within a Diversity Slotted Aloha (DSA) window; and monitoring a Message 4 (Msg4) within one or more Msg4 windows in response to the one or more replicas of the CB-Msg3. Further, some other embodiments of the first aspect will be provided in Detailed Description below.
[0010] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a terminal device is provided. The terminal device comprises: a processor; a memory storing instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the terminal device to: transmit, to a network node, one or more replicas of a contention-based Message 3 (CB-Msg3) within a Diversity Slotted Aloha (DSA) window; and monitor a Message 4 (Msg4) within one or more Msg4 windows in response to the one or more replicas of the CB-Msg3. In some embodiments, the instructions, when executed by the processor, further cause the terminal device to perform any of the methods of the first aspect.
[0011] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, a method at a network node is provided. The method comprises: receiving, from a terminal device, one or more replicas of a contention-based Message 3 (CB-Msg3) within a Diversity Slotted Aloha (DSA) window; and transmitting, to the terminal device, a Message 4 (Msg4) within one or more Msg4 windows in response to the one or more replicas of the CB-Msg3. Further, some other embodiments of the third aspect will be provided in Detailed Description below.
[0012] According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, a network node is provided. The network node comprises: a processor; a memory storing instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the network node to: receive, from a terminal device, one or more replicas of a contention-based Message 3 (CB-Msg3) within a Diversity Slotted Aloha (DSA) window; and transmit, to the terminal device, a Message 4 (Msg4) within one or more Msg4 windows in response to the one or more replicas of the CB-Msg3. In some embodiments, the instructions, when executed by the processor, further cause the network node to perform any of the methods of the third aspect.
[0013] According to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program comprising instructions is provided. The instructions, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to carry out any of the methods of any of the first aspect or the third aspect.
[0014] According to a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, a carrier containing the computer program of the fifth aspect is provided. In some embodiments, the carrier is one of an electronic signal, optical signal, radio signal, or computer readable storage medium.
[0015] According to a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, a telecommunication system is provided. The telecommunication system comprises: one or more terminal devices of the second aspect; and a network node of the fourth aspect.
[0016] With some embodiments of the present disclosure, an efficient delivery of Msg4 in response to CB-Msg3 transmissions / replicas is enabled, thereby minimizing resource consumption in Narrowband Physical Downlink Control Channel (NPDCCH) and UE monitoring time.Brief Description of the Drawings
[0017] The foregoing and other features of the present disclosure will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only several embodiments in accordance with the disclosure and therefore are not to be considered limiting of its scope, the disclosure will be described with additional specificity and detail through use of the accompanying drawings.
[0018] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary NTN system in which improved handling of CB-Msg3 and Msg4 transmission with DSA is applicable according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0019] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary Early Data Transmission (EDT) procedure for Control Plane (CP) EPS optimization in which improved handling of CB-Msg3 and Msg4 transmission with DSA is applicable according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0020] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary Early Data Transmission (EDT) procedure for CP 5GS optimization in which improved handling of CB-Msg3 and Msg4 transmission with DSA is applicable according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0021] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating exemplary CB-Msg3 occasion groups according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0022] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating exemplary Msg4 provision points according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0023] Fig. 6 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method at a terminal device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0024] Fig. 7 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method at a network node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0025] Fig. 8 schematically shows an embodiment of an arrangement which may be used in a terminal device or a network node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0026] Fig. 9 shows an exemplary communication system in accordance with some embodiments.
[0027] Fig. 10 is another exemplary communication system according to some embodiments.
[0028] Fig. 11 shows a wireless device, which may be configured to operate in the communication system of Fig. 9 or in the communication system of Fig. 10.
[0029] Fig. 12 shows an exemplary network node in accordance with some embodiments.Detailed Description
[0030] Hereinafter, the present disclosure is described with reference to embodiments shown in the attached drawings. However, it is to be understood that those descriptions are just provided for illustrative purpose, rather than limiting the present disclosure. Further, in the following, descriptions of known structures and techniques are omitted so as not to unnecessarily obscure the concept of the present disclosure.
[0031] Of course, the present disclosure may be carried out in other specific ways than those set forth herein without departing from the scope and essential characteristics of the disclosure. One or more of the specific processes discussed below may be carried out in any electronic device comprising one or more appropriately configured processing circuits, which may in some embodiments be embodied in one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) . In some embodiments, these processing circuits may comprise one or more microprocessors, microcontrollers, and / or digital signal processors programmed with appropriate software and / or firmware to carry out one or more of the operations described above, or variants thereof. In some embodiments, these processing circuits may comprise customized hardware to carry out one or more of the functions described above. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive.
[0032] Although multiple embodiments of the present disclosure will be illustrated in the accompanying Drawings and described in the following Detailed Description, it should be understood that the disclosure is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but instead is also capable of numerous rearrangements, modifications, and substitutions without departing from the present disclosure that as will be set forth and defined within the claims.
[0033] Further, please note that although the following description of some embodiments of the present disclosure is given in the context of 5GS or Evolved Packet System (EPS) , the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In fact, as long as handling of CB-Msg3 and Msg4 transmission with DSA is involved, the inventive concept of the present disclosure may be applicable to any appropriate communication architecture, for example, to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) / General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) , Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) , Time Division -Synchronous CDMA (TD-SCDMA) , CDMA2000, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) , Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) , 4th Generation Long Term Evolution (LTE) / EPS, LTE-Advance (LTE-A) / EPS, or 5G NR / 5GS, 6th generation (6G) mobile system standard, etc. Therefore, one skilled in the arts could readily understand that the terms used herein may also refer to their equivalents in any other infrastructure. For example, the term “terminal device” used herein may refer to a UE, a mobile device, a mobile terminal, a mobile station, a user device, a user terminal, a wireless device, a wireless terminal, an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) , or any other equivalents. For another example, the term “network node” used herein may refer to a transmission reception point (TRP) , a base station, a base transceiver station, an access point, a hot spot, a NodeB, an Evolved NodeB (eNB) , a gNB, a network element, a satellite, a UAV, an aircraft, or any other equivalents.
[0034] IoT 3GPP technologies
[0035] There are multiple differences between “legacy” LTE and the procedures and channels defined for eMTC or NB-IoT. Some important differences include a new physical downlink control channel, i.e., MPDCCH used in eMTC and NPDCCH used in NB-IoT.
[0036] eMTC
[0037] 3GPP Release 12 initiated the work on eMTC, also often referred to as LTE-M, and specified the first low-complexity UE category 0 (Cat-0) . Cat-0 supports a reduced peak data rate of 1 Mbps, single antenna and half duplex frequency division duplex (HD FDD) operation.
[0038] In Release 13, the work accelerated with the introduction of the Cat-M1 UE category. It supports a further reduced complexity, and coverage enhanced (CE) operation. The additional cost reduction came from a reduced transmission and reception bandwidth of 1.08 MHz, equivalent to six 180 kHz physical resource blocks (PRBs) . The introduction of a lower UE power class of 20 dBm, in addition to the 23 dBm power class, further facilitates a lower UE complexity.
[0039] Because of the reduction in bandwidth, a new narrowband physical downlink control channel, the MTC physical downlink control channel (MPDCCH) , was introduced as a substitute for the wideband legacy physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and the Enhanced PDCCH (EPDCCH) . The Cat-M1 UEs monitor MPDCCH in a narrowband (NB) , which is defined by 6 adjacent PRBs.
[0040] eMTC supports a Maximum Coupling Loss (MCL) that is 20 dB larger than the normal MCL of LTE. This is achieved mainly through time repetition and a relaxed acquisition time of the physical channels and signals. The primary and secondary synchronization signals (PSS and SSS) are fully reused from LTE and extended coverage is achieved by means of increased acquisition time.
[0041] For the physical broadcast channel (PBCH) , the MPDCCH, the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and the data channels, that is, the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) and physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) , the desired coverage enhancement is achieved through so-called time repetition of a transmission block.
[0042] In LTE Releases 14 and 15, eMTC was further enhanced to support a more diversified set of applications and services. A new UE category Cat-M2 was e.g., specified. The performance of eMTC Release 15 meets the international mobile telecommunications 2020 (IMT-2020) 5G requirements for the massive IoT use case.
[0043] The work in 3GPP on eMTC was continued in Release 16 and is further evolved also in Release 17 and Release 18.
[0044] NB-IoT
[0045] At the 3GPP RAN#70 meeting, a new Release 13 work item named Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) was approved. The objective of the new IoT related work items approved for release 13 was to specify a radio access for cellular internet of things (IoT) that addresses improved indoor coverage, support for massive number of low throughput devices, not sensitive to delay, ultra-low device cost, low device energy consumption and (optimized) network architecture.
[0046] NB-IoT can be described as a narrowband version of LTE. Similar to eMTC, NB-IoT makes use of increased acquisition times and time repetitions to extend the system coverage. The repetitions can be seen as a third level of retransmissions added at the physical layer as a complement to those at Medium Access Control (MAC) Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) and Radio Link Control (RLC) Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) . A NB-IoT downlink carrier is defined by 12 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) sub-carriers, each of 15 kHz, giving a total baseband bandwidth of 180 kHz. When multiple carriers are configured, several 180 kHz carriers can be used, e.g., for increasing the system capacity, inter-cell interference coordination, load balancing, etc. This design gives NB-IoT a high deployment flexibility.
[0047] NB-IoT supports 3 different deployment scenarios or modes of operations:
[0048] 1. “Stand-alone operation” utilizing for example the spectrum currently being used by GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN) systems as a replacement of one or more GSM carriers. In principle it operates on any carrier frequency which is neither within the carrier of another system nor within the guard band of another system's operating carrier. The other system can be another NB-IoT operation or any other RAT e.g. LTE.
[0049] 2. “Guard band operation” utilizing the unused resource blocks within an LTE carrier's guard-band. The term “guard band” may also interchangeably be called guard bandwidth. As an example, in case of LTE BW of 20 MHz (i.e. BW1= 20 MHz or 100 RBs) , the guard band operation of NB-IoT can be placed anywhere outside the central 18 MHz but within 20 MHz LTE BW.
[0050] 3. “In-band operation” utilizing resource blocks within a normal LTE carrier. The in-band operation may also interchangeably be called in-bandwidth operation. More generally the operation of one RAT within the BW of another RAT is also called as in-band operation. As an example, in an LTE BW of 50 RBs (i.e. BW1= 10 MHz or 50 RBs) , NB-IoT operation over one resource block (RB) within the 50 RBs is called in-band operation.
[0051] Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN)
[0052] As mentioned above, the support of NTN is also introduced in 3GPP Rel-15 through Rel-18. Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary NTN system 10 in which improved handling of CB-Msg3 and Msg4 transmission with DSA is applicable according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0053] As shown in Fig. 1, a satellite radio access network or NTN system 10 may usually include the following components:
[0054] ● A satellite 110 that refers to a space-borne platform.
[0055] ● An earth-based gateway 115 that connects the satellite 110 to a base station (BS) 105 or a core network (not shown in Fig. 1) , depending on the choice of architecture.
[0056] ● Feeder link 125 that refers to the link between the gateway 115 and the satellite 110.
[0057] ● Access link 120 that refers to the link between the satellite 110 and a UE or device 100.
[0058] A satellite network or satellite based mobile network may also be called as non-terrestrial network (NTN) . On the other hand, mobile network with base stations on the ground may also be called as terrestrial network (TN) or non-NTN network. In some embodiments, a satellite within NTN may be called as NTN node, NTN satellite or simply a satellite.
[0059] Depending on the orbit altitude, a satellite may be categorized as low earth orbit (LEO) , medium earth orbit (MEO) , or geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellite.
[0060] ● LEO: typical heights ranging from 250 -1,500 km, with orbital periods ranging from 90 -120 minutes.
[0061] ● MEO: typical heights ranging from 5,000 -25,000 km, with orbital periods ranging from 3 -15 hours.
[0062] ● GEO: height at about 35,786 km, with an orbital period of 24 hours.
[0063] The significant orbit height means that satellite systems are characterized by a path loss that is significantly higher than what is expected in terrestrial networks. To overcome the pathloss it is often required that the access and feeder links 120 and 125 are operated in line-of-sight conditions, and that the UE 100 is equipped with an antenna offering high beam directivity.
[0064] Two basic architectures can be distinguished for satellite communication networks, depending on the functionality of the satellites in the system:
[0065] ● Transparent payload (also referred to as the bent pipe architecture) . The satellite may forward the received signal between the terminal and the network equipment on the ground with only amplification and a shift from uplink frequency to downlink frequency. When applied to general 3GPP architecture and terminology, the transparent payload architecture means that the gNB is located on the ground and the satellite forwards signals / data between the gNB and the UE.
[0066] ● Regenerative payload. The satellite may include on-board processing to demodulate and decode the received signal and regenerate the signal before sending it back to the earth. When applied to general 3GPP architecture and terminology, the regenerative payload architecture means that the gNB is located in the satellite.
[0067] In the work items for NR NTN and IoT NTN in 3GPP Release 17 and Release 18, only the transparent payload architecture is considered. The network 10 shown in Fig. 1 is an example of a satellite network with the bent pipe architecture (i.e., the transparent payload architecture) . As shown in Fig. 1, the gNB or BS 105 may be integrated in the gateway 115 or connected to the gateway 115 via a terrestrial connection (e.g., wire, optic fiber, wireless link) .
[0068] Propagation delay is an important aspect of satellite communications that is different from the delay expected in a terrestrial mobile system. For a bent pipe satellite network, the round-trip delay may, depending on the orbit height, range from tens of ms in the case of LEO satellites to several hundreds of ms for GEO satellites. As a comparison, the round-trip delays in terrestrial cellular networks are typically below 1 ms.
[0069] The distance between a UE and a satellite can vary significantly, depending on the position of the satellite and thus the elevation angle ε seen by the UE. Assuming circular orbits, the minimum distance is realized when the satellite is directly above the UE (ε = 90°) , and the maximum distance when the satellite is at the smallest possible elevation angle. The propagation delay may also be highly variable due to the high velocity of the LEO and MEO satellites and change in the order of 10 -100 μs every second, depending on the orbit altitude and satellite velocity.
[0070] Release 19 NTN enhancements
[0071] The standardization of NTN technologies continues in 3GPP with another two work items for NR and LTE, respectively. The justification for these enhancements is the necessities of the commercial deployments that are ongoing at the moment of writing. Based on real deployment or deployment plans, further evolution of NR and IoT NTN is required.
[0072] Among the objectives included in the IoT NTN Release 19 Work Item Description (WID) , some embodiments of the present disclosure are related to enhancement to Early Data Transmission (EDT) which is one sub-objective of uplink capacity enhancements:
[0073] ● Support of Capacity enhancements for uplink
[0074] ○ Study then specify, if beneficial, enhancements to enable multiplexing of multiple UEs (e.g. up to the min of 4 and the maximum allowed by the existing UL and DL signalling) in a single 3.75 kHz or 15 kHz subcarrier via orthogonal cover codes (OCC) for NPUSCH format 1 and NPRACH [RAN1, RAN2, RAN4]
[0075] ■ Multi-tone support for 15 kHz SCS should also be considered
[0076] ■ Specify necessary signalling, if needed
[0077] ■ Update RF requirements accordingly, if needed
[0078] Note: Impact of impairment shall be taken into account
[0079] ○Study and specify, if beneficial the following enhancements to reduce the necessary uplink and downlink signaling to complete an Early Data Transmission (EDT) transaction [RAN2] :
[0080] ■ Msg3 transmission without msg1 / Random Access Response (RAR)
[0081] ■ Efficient delivery (reduced overhead) of msg4 / RRCEarlyDataComplete
[0082] ■ Study and specify RRM requirement, if identified [RAN4]
[0083] Diversity Slotted Aloha (DSA)
[0084] Diversity Slotted Aloha (DSA) refers to a variation of the standard Slotted Aloha random access protocol where a user transmits multiple copies of the same packet, utilizing different transmission (frequency) channels or time slots to increase the likelihood of successful transmission, essentially creating "diversity" in the transmission attempt, by which the system is more resilient to collisions and can achieve higher throughput compared to standard Slotted Aloha, especially in environments with high interference.
[0085] This protocol is particularly useful in scenarios like satellite communication networks where signal propagation can be challenging and reliable transmission is crucial.
[0086] Early Data Transmission (EDT)
[0087] Early Data Transmission (EDT) is an enhancement introduced in LTE Release 15. The primary motivation behind its introduction was to reduce the latency in the control plane for the delivery of short and infrequent messages. This reduction in latency is particularly crucial for many Internet of Things (IoT) and 5G use cases. Both CP solution and UP solution are supported. Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 show the exemplary procedures of MO-EDT (mobile originated EDT) for CP EPS optimization and CP 5GS optimization, respectively. In some embodiments, the UE may first perform a 4 step Random Access (RA) to send RRCEarlyDataRequest with UL data.
[0088] As shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, at steps S205 / S305 and S210 / S310, upon connection establishment request for Mobile Originated data from the upper layers, the UE 100 may initiate the MO-EDT procedure and select a random access preamble configured for EDT.
[0089] At step S215 / S315, UE 100 may send RRCEarlyDataRequest message concatenating the user data on Common Control Channel (CCCH) . For EPS if enabled in the cell, or for 5GS, the UE may indicate AS Release Assistance Information.
[0090] At step S220 / S320, for EPS, the eNB 105-1 may initiate the S1-AP Initial UE message procedure to forward the NAS message and establish the S1 connection. For 5GS, the ng-eNB 105-2 may initiate the NG-AP Initial UE message procedure to forward the NAS message. The (ng-) eNB 105 may indicate in this procedure that this connection is triggered for EDT.
[0091] At step S225 / S325, for EPS, the MME 135 may request the S-GW 140 to re-activate the EPS bearers for the UE 100. For 5GS, the AMF 145 may determine the PDU session contained in the NAS message.
[0092] At step S230 / S330, for EPS, the MME 135 may send the uplink data to the S-GW 140. For 5GS, the AMF 145 may send the PDU Session ID and the uplink data to the SMF 150 and the SMF 150 may forward the uplink data to the UPF 150.
[0093] At step S235 / S335, for EPS, if downlink data are available, the S-GW 140 may send the downlink data to the MME 135. For 5GS, if downlink data are available, the UPF 150 may forward the downlink data to SMF 150 and the SMF 150 may forward the downlink data to AMF 145.
[0094] At step S240a / S340a, if downlink data are received from the S-GW 140 or SMF 150, the MME 135 or AMF 145 may forward the data to the eNB 105-1 or ng-eNB 105-2 via DL NAS Transport procedure and may also indicate whether further data are expected. Otherwise, at step S240b / S340b, the MME 135 or AMF 145 may trigger Connection Establishment Indication procedure and also indicate whether further data are expected.
[0095] At step S245 / S345, if no further data are expected, the (ng-) eNB 105 can send the RRCEarlyDataComplete message on CCCH to keep the UE 100 in RRC_IDLE. If downlink data were received in step S240a / S340a, they are concatenated in RRCEarlyDataComplete message.
[0096] At step S250 / S350, for EPS, the S1 connection may be released and the EPS bearers may be deactivated. For 5GS, the AN release procedure may be started.
[0097] The NPDCCH has a very limited capacity in NB-IoT, which can severely increase the delay and limit the achievable UL capacity of 4-step RA. To mitigate this issue, 3GPP is introducing 2 step contention based (CB) EDT where Msg3 may be transmitted without msg1 / Random Access Response (RAR) . It is similar to 2-step RA in NR with the difference that there is no preamble transmitted in Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) , the UE needs to verify / update the uplink synchronization (e.g. get Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) fix, acquire Timing Advance (TA) ) just before sending Msg3.
[0098] As mentioned earlier, for DSA, Msg4 window (i.e., window for receiving response to Msg3) could be (re) started similar as in the standard Slotted Aloha (SA) case, i.e., starting a Msg4 window after the end of all repetitions of each CB-Msg3 PUSCH transmission taking at least UE-eNB Round Trip Time (RTT) into account. However, UEs not supporting full duplex (i.e., NB-IoT UE) cannot transmit in uplink (UL) when receive in downlink (DL) , thus they may not be able to select transmission occasions for replicas up to the configured number when e.g., too few or even no CB-Msg3 occasion left in the DSA window after the Msg4 window.
[0099] Therefore, some embodiments of the present disclosure will study how to handle CB-Msg3 transmission and Msg4 reception for DSA in case the UE does not support full duplex and some corresponding solutions will be developed. This protocol is particularly useful in scenarios like satellite communication networks where signal propagation can be challenging and reliable transmission is crucial.
[0100] Some embodiments of the present disclosure introduce the building concepts for the reception of Msg4 in CB-Msg3 PUSCH transmission in terms of fixed or sliding windows or pre-configured occasions anchored to the parent DSA window.
[0101] Some inventive aspects of some embodiments may include the followings:
[0102] ● Alternative ways to organize the scheduling and reception of Msg4 associated to either a DSA window, CB-Msg3 in within, or a subset of those.
[0103] ● UE behaviour upon receiving or failing to receive an expected Msg4 to a transmitted CB-Msg3.
[0104] With some embodiments of the present disclosure, an efficient delivery of Msg4 in response to CB-Msg3 transmissions / replicas is enabled, thereby minimizing resource consumption in Narrowband Physical Downlink Control Channel (NPDCCH) and UE monitoring time.
[0105] In some embodiments, the term Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) may, depending on the context, refer to either or both of NR NTN and IoT NTN, and sometimes the term may be used to refer to only IoT NTN.
[0106] The embodiments outlined below may be described mainly in terms of LTE based NB-IoT NTNs, but they are equally applicable in an NTN based on LTE-M or NR technology.
[0107] The term “network” may be used in some embodiments to refer to a network node, which typically will be a gNB (e.g. in a NR based NTN) or an eNB (e.g. in an LTE based NTN, such as an IoT NTN) , but which may also be a base station or an access point in another type of network based on communication via satellites or High Altitude Platform System (HAPS) , or any other network node (in a network involving satellites or HAPS) with the ability to directly or indirectly communicate with a UE. More specifically, when the term “network” is used in some embodiments, and the network is said to do something in relation to a UE, e.g. receive something from a UE or transmit something to a UE or configure a UE with some configuration, this refers to a network node, typically a gNB.
[0108] The terms “information element (IE) ” , “parameter” , “field parameter” , and “field” may be used interchangeably in this document.
[0109] Parameters / IEs / fields used in ASN. 1 code as well as in procedural text in the 3GPP RRC specification for 5G / NR, i.e., 3GPP TS 38.331 version 18.0.0, are often named with a suffix indicating the number of the release of the 3GPP standard the parameter / IE / field was introduced in (e.g. the suffix “-r17” for a parameter / IE / field introduced in release 17 of the 3GPP standard) . Parameters / IEs / fields following this naming convention are typically referred to both with and without the suffix, where the name including the suffix is used in the ASN. 1 code (and thus defines the formal name from the ASN. 1 compiler's perspective) , while the name without the suffix is used in running text, e.g. in field descriptions and procedural text. In this document, both name variants may occur for various parameters / IEs / fields.
[0110] In some embodiments, the term Msg4 is used, even though additional, modified or different information is described as included in this message compared with the legacy Msg4 of the legacy random access procedure. This extended / modified Msg4 is still referred to as Msg4 herein, but it could also have been given a new name, such as CB-Msg4 or eMsg4.
[0111] A time-frequency resource, which is configured and / or allocated to potentially be used for transmission of Msg3 in a contention-based manner, is herein referred to as a CB-Msg3 occasion or a CB-Msg3 transmission occasion. A Msg3 transmitted in such a CB-Msg3 occasion is herein referred to as either Msg3 or CB-Msg3.
[0112] Herein, “UL / DL switch time” refers to the time a UE needs to switch between transmission and reception (or vice versa) . This can also be referred to as transmission / reception switch time or Tx / Rx switch time.
[0113] In some embodiments, the reception of Msg4 corresponding to one (or several) CB-Msg3 occasion (s) / replica transmission (s) within one DSA window may be received within one or more so-called Msg4 window (s) .
[0114] Msg4 monitoring timer
[0115] In some embodiments, the UE may establish a timer associated with the Msg4 window (herein denoted Msg4 monitoring timer) and monitor Msg4 NPDCCH / NPDSCH in the Msg4 window. In some embodiments, this timer may extend to the full duration of the Msg4 window and its value may be (pre) configured or standardized in different ways:
[0116] A. A common timer value is (pre) configured or standardized.
[0117] B. Different timer values are (pre) configured or standardized for different DSA window lengths.
[0118] C. Different timer values are (pre) configured or standardized for different CB-Msg3 occasion group clusters.
[0119] D. Different timer values are (pre) configured or standardized for different combinations of DSA window length and CB-Msg3 occasion group clusters.
[0120] E. Different timer values are (pre) configured or standardized for different combinations of number of CB-Msg3 occasions per CB-Msg3 occasion group (i.e. N in the below description) and number of CB-Msg3 occasion groups in a CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster i.e. M in the below description) .
[0121] F. Different timer values are (pre) configured or standardized depending on the number of CB-Msg3 occasion group clusters in a DSA window.
[0122] G. Different timer values are (pre) configured or standardized depending on the number of CB-Msg3 occasion groups in a DSA window.
[0123] H. Different timer values are (pre) configured or standardized depending on the number of CB-Msg3 occasions in a DSA window.
[0124] I. A common timer value is (pre) configured or standardized for each CB-Msg3 transmission in a DSA window.
[0125] In some embodiments, in case C and D, the UE may determine the timer value to apply depending on to which CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster the timer is associated. In some embodiments, the cases are not valid when the eNB starts to transmit Msg4 PDCCH / PDSCH after the end of a DSA window as described in the section “Fixed Msg4 window” .
[0126] Duration of a Msg4 window
[0127] In some embodiments, there are multiple options for the duration of a Msg4 window, e.g.:
[0128] -The duration of a Msg4 window may be a single NPDCCH transmission occasion.
[0129] -The duration of a Msg4 window may be equal to the duration of a single NPDCCH transmission together with NPDSCH (i.e. Msg4) transmission resources allocated by the NPDCCH transmission.
[0130] -The duration of a Msg4 window may be equal to the length of the interval between two CB-Msg3 occasions in the time domain.
[0131] -The duration of a Msg4 window may be equal to n inter-CB-Msg3 occasion time domain intervals, where n is an integer ≥ 1.
[0132] -The duration of a Msg4 window may be configured to be any of the above.
[0133] -The duration of a Msg4 window may be standardized to be any of the above.
[0134] -The duration of a Msg4 window may be configured or standardized to be a certain time period, e.g. a certain number of milliseconds.
[0135] -The duration of a Msg4 window may be configured or standardized to be a certain number of radio interface time structure units, e.g. a certain number of frames and / or subframes. The duration of a Msg4 window may be a collection of time periods (overlapping or non-overlapping) (for example based on timer started after each replica transmission for example as in I. above) starting after each CB-Msg3 transmission.
[0136] Delay between a CB-Msg3 occasion and associated Msg4 window
[0137] In some embodiments, there may be different options for the length of the delay between a CB-Msg3 occasion and its associated Msg4 window (referred to as DCB-Msg3_occasion_to_Msg4_window) . For instance, one or more of the following may apply:
[0138] -DCB-Msg3_occasion_to_Msg4_window may be configured, e.g. in the broadcast system information, or specified in a standard.
[0139] -The eNB may calculate a DCB-Msg3_occasion_to_Msg4_window to configure, based on the maximum UE-eNB RTT expected in the cell (e.g. referred to as RTTUE-eNB_max) , the maximum UE switch time between transmission and reception (i.e. the maximum time a UE implementation is allowed to -or is expected to -use for switching between transmission and reception, e.g. called TUE_Tx / Rx_switch) , and the time the eNB needs to process a received Msg3 and prepare a Msg4 response message before it can be ready to transmit the Msg4 response (e.g. called TProcessing_eNB) .
[0140] ○ Each of TUE_Tx / Rx_switch and TProcessing_eNB may be configured or standardized (in which case the UE and eNB implementations must comply with the standardized maximum values) .
[0141] ○ RTTUE-eNB_max is unknown to the UE, but may be estimated by the eNB (or may be configured in the eNB) . The eNB may determine a value for RTTUE-eNB_max and configure the UE with it, e.g. in the broadcast system information.
[0142] ○ Instead of configuring or standardizing the above-mentioned parameters, the eNB may configure (e.g. in the broadcast system information) DCB-Msg3_occasion_to_Msg4_window. Alternatively, DCB-Msg3_occasion_to_Msg4_window may be specified in a standard.
[0143] ○ DCB-Msg3_occasion_to_Msg4_window, as seen from the UE's point of view, may be DCB-Msg3_occasion_to_Msg4_window= max (TUE_Tx / Rx_switch, RTTUE-eNB_max + TProcessing_eNB) . If DCB-Msg3_occasion_to_Msg4_window from the UE's point of view is equal to TUE_Tx / Rx_switch, the eNB may send the Msg4 response message a time equal to TUE_Tx / Rx_switch -RTTUE-eNB_max after receiving the Msg3. If DCB-Msg3_occasion_to_Msg4_window from the UE's point of view is equal to RTTUE-eNB_max + TProcessing_eNB the eNB may send the Msg4 response message at time equal to TProcessing_eNB after receiving the Msg3.
[0144] ○ As other options, DCB-Msg3_occasion_to_Msg4_window may be shorter or longer than the above.
[0145] -DCB-Msg3_occasion_to_Msg4_window may be defined in terms of the downlink time structure of the radio interface, e.g. in terms of frames and subframes, using the downlink as the reference. For instance, DCB-Mg3_occasion_to_Msg4_window may be defined (e.g. configured or standardized) to be n subframes. In that case, if a CB-Msg3 occasion ends in uplink subframe X in an uplink frame with SFN = Y, then the Msg4 window will start in the downlink subframe occurring n subframes after subframe Xin the downlink frame with SFN = Y. This principle will allow inherent synchronization between the UE and the eNB regarding the start of the Msg4 window, i.e. the eNB knows exactly when (i.e. in which subframe) it can transmit a Msg4 response message if it is to reach the UE at the time when the UE expects the Msg4 window to start.
[0146] In some embodiments, depending on the option used for the Msg4 window duration in relation to an inter-CB-Msg3 time domain interval, Msg4 windows associated with consecutive CB-Msg3 occasions in the time domain may overlap.
[0147] CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster
[0148] In some embodiments, a DSA window may contain an integer number X of CB-Msg3 occasion groups clusters. A CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster may include an integer number M CB-Msg3 occasion groups and a CB-Msg3 occasion group includes NCB-Msg3 occasions mapped to the RNTI used to schedule Msg4 transmission (herein referred to as “Msg4-RNTI” ) . M and N could be configured by the network (e.g., in broadcast system information) or predefined in the specification. In some embodiments, both standard specification and configuration may also be used in parallel, wherein a configured value of M or N would override the value specified in the standard. Fig. 4 shows an example where M equals 2 and N equals 3.
[0149] Timing references
[0150] Note that the formula in the section “Starting at the end of DSA window” is based on the assumption that the DSA window is defined in terms of radio interface time structure units, e.g. SFN and subframe numbers, which has the effect that the start / end of the DSA window (which is associated with the UL) occurs a one-way UE-eNB propagation delay (DUEVeNB_prop) earlier at the UE than at the eNB. Ifon the other hand the DSA window is defined in terms of absolute time, e.g. UTC timestamps, then the start / end of the DSA window would occur simultaneously at the UE and the eNB. This would impact the formula for the eNB's wait time (because it is defined to start after the end of the DSA window) , which instead becomes:
[0151] DeNB_wait_alt_with_absolute_DSA_window_time=max (DRTT_max + DeNB_proc_margin, DUL / DL_switch) -DRTT_min / 2 -DeNB_proc actual.
[0152] This makes sure that a UE with the minimum UE-eNB RTT which has transmitted a CB-Msg3 in the last CB-Msg3 occasion in the DSA window will not miss the corresponding Msg4 NPDCCH / NPDSCH transmission due to that it is not ready to receive in downlink. The eNB could know DRTT_min and DRTT_max from the ephemeris of the satellite serving the UEs, the size of the cell coverage provided by the satellite and the angle of the spotbeam (s) used to provide the coverage in the cell area. By taking the minimum UE-eNB RTT (i.e. DRTT_min) and the maximum time a UE may need to switch from transmission to reception (which e.g. may be set by a UE requirement in a standard) into account when determining the start of the Msg4 window, the eNB can ensure that a Msg4 response message does not arrive to the UE before the UE is ready to receive it.
[0153] In some embodiments, as another option, the time between the end of the DSA window and the start of the Msg4 window (e.g.referred to as DDSA_window_to_Msg4_window) may be defined in terms of the downlink time structure of the radio interface, e.g. in terms of frames and subframes, using the downlink as the reference. For instance, DDSA_window_to_Msg4_window may be defined (e.g. configured or standardized) to be n subframes. In that case, if a DSA window ends in uplink subframe X in an uplink frame with SFN = Y, then the corresponding Msg4 window will start in the downlink subframe occurring n subframes after subframe X in the downlink frame with SFN =Y. This principle will allow inherent synchronization between the UE and the eNB regarding the start of the Msg4 window, i.e. the eNB knows exactly when (i.e. in which subframe) it can transmit a Msg4 response message if it is to reach the UE at the time when the UE expects the Msg4 window to start.
[0154] Alternatives for the reception of Msg4
[0155] Fixed Msg4 window
[0156] Starting at the end of DSA window
[0157] In some embodiments, the Msg4 window may start after the end of the defining parent DSA window. A UE having transmitted one (or more) CB-Msg3 replica (s) in a DSA window, may (re) -start Msg4 monitoring timer after the end of the DSA window plus a (pre) configured additional delay, DUE_wait. This additional delay may take into account UE-eNB RTT (DRTT) and UL / DL switch time (DUL / DL_switch) as well as that the eNB time to process Msg3 and prepare the response (with margin, DeNB_proc_margin) . As a result, the additional delay may be equal to:
[0158] DUE_wait = max (DRTT + DeNB_proc_margin, DUL / DL_switch) .
[0159] Correspondingly, the eNB may also apply a waiting time (excluding its own processing time) , DeNB_wait, (if needed) before transmitting Msg4 NPDCCH / NPDSCH after the end of the DSA window, where
[0160] DeNB_wait = max (DRTT_max + DeNB_proc_margin, DUL / DL_switch) -DeNB_proc_actual
[0161] where DeNB_proc_actual is the eNB’s actual processing time.
[0162] Starting after cluster of CB-Msg3 occasions
[0163] In some embodiments, the eNB may transmit Msg4 NPDCCH / NPDSCH after attempting to detect Msg3 transmissions in every CB-Msg3 occasion in a so-called CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster, as defined in the section “CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster” .
[0164] In some embodiments, after attempting to detect CB-Msg3 transmissions in the kth CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster and, optionally, if any CB-Msg3 transmission is successfully decoded, the eNB may start to transmit Msg4 (N) PDCCH / (N) PDSCH after the end of the kth CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster plus the processing time needed to build the Msg4 response message (s) . In addition, a waiting time may be added in such a way that Msg4 PDCCH / PDSCH will reach the UE after the end of the DSA window containing the kth CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster, for instance, the delay is set to max (max (UL / DL switch time, Tgap1) - (UE-eNB RTTmin) / 2-eNB processing time, eNB processing time) , where Tgap1 is the time gap between the end of the DSA window containing the kth CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster and the end of the kth CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster. This makes sure the UE with the minimum UE-eNB RTT and having transmitted CB-Msg3 in the kth CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster will not miss the corresponding Msg4 PDCCH / PDSCH.
[0165] In some embodiments, a UE may (re) -starts the Msg4 monitoring timer after the end of the used CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster plus a delay, and monitor Msg4 PDCCH / PDSCH in the Msg4 window. The delay may be (pre) configured in a way such that Msg4 window and Msg4 monitoring are (re) started after the end of the DSA window containing the said CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster. For instance, the delay may be (pre) configured to max ( (UE-eNB RTT) / 2, UL / DL switch time, Tgap2) , where Tgap2 is the time gap between the end of the DSA window containing the said CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster and the end of the said CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster.
[0166] Combination of the previous two alternatives
[0167] In some embodiments, the Msg4 window may be still started after the end of the corresponding DSA window from the UE’s point of view, while the eNB may transmit Msg4 (N)PDCCH / (N) PDSCH after attempting to detect Msg3 transmissions in every CB-Msg3 occasion of a subset of the CB-Msg3 occasions in the DSA window.
[0168] In some embodiments, after attempting to detect Msg3 transmissions in every CB-Msg3 occasion in K CB-Msg3 occasion groups (where K is an integer satisfying K ≤ M which may be configured, e.g. in the broadcast system information, or specified in a standard) , the eNB may start preparing to initiate transmission of Msg4 responses in the Msg4 window where the Msg4 window, from the eNB’s point of view, may start at TDelay_eNB after the attempts to detect Msg3 transmissions in the Kth CB-Msg3 occasion group. TDelay_eNB includes the processing time the eNB needs to prepare the Msg4 response message (TProcessing_eNB) and, if needed, an additional waiting time to ensure that the Msg4 window starts after the end of the DSA window from the UE’s point of view, i.e. TDelay_eNB can be expressed as TDelay_eNB = max (TProcessing_eNB, TDSA_window_remainder +TUE_Tx / Rx_switch -RTTUE-eNB) , where TDSA_window_remainder is the remaining time of the DSA window after the Kth CB-Msg3 occasion group, TUE_Tx / Rx_switch is the time the UE needs to switch from transmission to reception, and RTTUE-eNB is the round-trip time (RTT) between the UE and the eNB (i.e. the propagation delay from the UE to the eNB and back to the UE) .
[0169] In some embodiments, as the UE-eNB propagation delay may not be accurately known and the UE may not know the TProcessing_eNB to be used in the formula, TDelay_eNB may be pre-configured (and then referred to as RTTUE-eNB_config and Tprocessing eNB_config) , e.g. in the broadcast system information, wherein the eNB may set the configured value to be used for RTTUE-eNB, i.e. RTTUE-eNB_config, to the maximum UE-eNB RTT that can be expected in the cell.
[0170] Similarly, in some embodiments, as TUE_Tx / Rx_switch may vary between different UE implementations, the TUE_Tx / Rx_switch value to use in the formula for TDelay_eNB may be specified in a standard (e.g. TUE_Tx / Rx_switch_time_standard) , and a UE implementation is required to be able to switch between transmission and reception in a time that is equal to or shorter than TUE_Tx / Rx_switch_time_standard. The resulting formula for TDelay_eNB would then be TDelay_eNB =max(TProcessing_eNB_config, TDSA_window_remainder + TUE_Tx / Rx_switch_standard -RTTUE-eNB_config) . From the UE’s point of view, the Msg4 window would thus start at a time TDSA_window-to-Msg4_window after the end of the DSA window (i.e. after the last CB-Msg3 occasion in the last, e.g. Mth, CB-Msg3 occasion group in the DSA window) , where TDSA_windw-to-Msg4_window =max(TUE_Tx / Rx_switch_time_standard, TProcessing_eNB_config + RTTUE-eNB_config -TDSA_window_remainder) , which equivalently also may be expressed TDSA_windw-to-Msg4_window= max (TUE_Tx / Rx_switch_time_standard, TDelay_eNB_config + RTTUE_eNB_config -TDSA_window_remainder) .
[0171] As an alternative to configuring a value for TProcessing_eNB (i.e. TProcessing_eNB_config) , the value to be used for TProcessing_eNB in the formula for TDelay_eNB may be specified in a standard, e.g. called TProcessing_eNB_standard, and an eNB implementation would be required to need a processing time that is equal to or shorter than TProcessing_eNB_standard. The resulting formula for TDelay_eNB would then be TDelay_eNB= max (TProcessing_eNB_standard, TDSA_window_remainder + TUE_Tx / Rx_switch_standard -RTTUE-eNB_config) . From the UE’s point of view, the Msg4 window would thus start at a time TDSA_window-to-Msg4_window = max (TUE_Tx / Rx_switch_time_standard, TProcessing_eNB_standard + RTTUE-eNB_config -TDSA_window_remainder) (or equivalently TDSA_windw-to-Msg4_window = max (TUE_Tx / Rx_switch_time_standard, TDelay_eNB_standard +RTTUE_eNB_config -TDSA_window_remainder) ) after the end of the DSA window (i.e. after the last CB-Msg3 occasion in the last, e.g. Mth, CB-Msg3 occasion group in the DSA window) .
[0172] In some embodiments, if the above-described parameters / values that are not inherently known to the UE are not configured or specified in a standard, the start time of the Msg4 window is somewhat uncertain for the UE, and hence the UE should assume that the Msg4 window starts immediately when the UE has switched from transmission to reception after the end of the DSA window.
[0173] In some embodiments, the eNB may continue to attempt to detect Msg3 transmissions in the CB-Msg3 occasions remaining in the DSA window after the Kth group of CB-Msg3 occasions in parallel with the above-described preparation of the Msg4 transmissions and prepare and transmit Msg4 responses messages responding to any detected Msg3 transmissions in these remaining CB-Msg3 occasions too in the same Msg4 window.
[0174] Pre-configured Msg4 occasions
[0175] In some embodiments, a DSA window may contain X CB-Msg3 occasion group clusters where X is (pre) configured, M CB-Msg3 occasion groups within the group cluster, Y Msg4 provision points may be (pre) configured, each Msg4 provision point may be at the end of a CB-Msg3 occasion group as shown in Fig. 5 where X = 1, M = 4 and Y = 3.
[0176] In some embodiments, the eNB may transmit Msg4 NPDCCH / NPDSCH after detecting CB-Msg3 transmission between two Msg4 provision points and optionally if any CB-Msg3 transmission is successfully decoded (for the first Msg4 provision point, the eNB transmits Msg4 PDCCH / PDSCH after detecting CB-Msg3 transmission between the start of the DSA window and the first Msg4 provision point) .
[0177] In some embodiments, for the kth Msg4 provision point, the eNB may start to transmit Msg4 NPDCCH / NPDSCH after the kth Msg4 provision point plus a waiting time where the waiting time may be set to e.g., max (max (UL / DL switch time, Tgap3) - (UE-eNB RTTmin) / 2-eNB processing time, eNB processing time) , where Tgap3 is the time gap between the end of the DSA window containing the kth Msg4 provision point and the kth Msg4 provision point. A UE having transmitted the last CB-Msg3 replicas between the (k-1) th and the kth Msg4 provision point (the start of the DSA window containing the Msg4 provision point (s) can be seen as the 0th Msg4 provision point) may (re) start Msg4 window and (re) start the Msg4 monitoring timer after the end of the kth Msg4 provision point plus a delay, and monitors Msg4 (N) PDCCH / (N) PDSCH in the Msg4 window, where the delay may be (pre) configured to e.g., max ( (UE-eNB RTT) / 2, UL / DL switch time, Tgap3) .
[0178] In some embodiments, the end of the CB-Msg3 occasion groups (where the end of a CB-Msg3 occasion group is the end of the last CB-Msg3 occasion in the CB-Msg3 occasion group) described in section “starting after cluster of CB-Msg3 occasions” may be replaced by the above-described Msg4 provision points in the algorithms and formulae.
[0179] Msg4 reception based on UE characteristics
[0180] In some embodiments, different configurations for Msg4 reception may be provided (e.g. in the broadcast system information, e.g. in a (NB) -SIB) for different types of UEs or UEs with different capability, e.g., different configurations for normal / eMTC UEs and NB-IoT UEs or UEs supporting and UEs not supporting full-duplex FDD. More specifically, NB-IoT UEs or UEs not supporting full-duplex FDD may be configured to receive Msg4 after a DSA window where the Msg4 is for Msg3 transmitted in that DSA window, while normal / eMTC UEs or UEs supporting full-duplex FDD may be configured to receive Msg4 not subject to such constraint, i.e., they may receive Msg4 within the DSA window where the Msg4 is for Msg3 transmitted in CB-Msg3 occasions in that DSA window.
[0181] In some embodiments, when the eNB should send Msg4 depends on the configurations the UEs adopted for Msg4 reception. Hence, the eNB needs to know the configurations adopted by the UEs to determine how / when to transmit Msg4. In some embodiments, this could be enabled in the following ways:
[0182] ● The UE may indicate in CB-Msg3 the configurations it adopted for Msg4 reception. The eNB may determine how / when to transmit Msg4 in response to a (detected) CB-Msg3 based on the indication received in that CB-Msg3.
[0183] ● Different CB-Msg3 transmission resources (i.e. different CB-Msg3 occasions) may be configured for different Msg4 reception configurations. The eNB may determine how / when to transmit Msg4 in response to a CB-Msg3 based on the CB-Msg3 occasion the CB-Msg3 is transmitted in, i.e. the eNB may take into account the Msg4 reception configuration associated with the CB-Msg3 occasion.
[0184] Msg4 window after each CB-Msg3 replica
[0185] In some embodiments, each CB-Msg3 replica may have its own selection window, more specifically, in a selection window one CB-Msg3 occasion may be randomly selected for transmission of one CB-Msg3 replica. The length of the selection window may be configured by the network or hardcoded in the specification. The potential start position of a selection window may be (pre) configured (i.e., fixed selection window) or be the start of a CB-Msg3 occasion or CB-Msg3 occasion group (i.e., sliding selection window) . For the first replica of a CB-Msg3 packet, the UE may transmit it in the first selection window after the CB-Msg3 replica is ready for transmission in the UE. The eNB may transmit Msg4 NPDCCH / NPDSCH after attempting to detect CB-Msg3 transmission in every CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster similar to that in the section “Starting after cluster of CB-Msg3 occasions” with the difference that the waiting time is set to max (UL / DL switch time - (UE-eNB RTTmin) / 2-eNB processing time, eNB processing time) . In some embodiments, a UE having transmitted one or more CB-Msg3 replicas in the kth CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster may (re) start Msg4 window (if the window is not started or the Msg4 monitoring timer is expired) and may (re) start the Msg4 monitoring timer associated to the kth CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster after the end of the kth CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster plus a delay, and may monitor Msg4 NPDCCH / NPDSCH in the Msg4 window. In some embodiments, the delay may be (pre) configured to e.g., max ( (UE-eNB RTT) / 2, UL / DL switch time) .
[0186] In some embodiments, after monitoring and / or receiving Msg4 in a Msg4 window, if needed, the UE may determine in which selection window to select CB-Msg3 occasion for a CB-Msg3 (re) attempt similar as described in the section “UE actions upon receiving Msg4” .
[0187] In some embodiments, for the first replica of a CB-Msg3 packet, the UE may select selection window and CB-Msg3 occasion similar as described above. For the (n+1) th (n ≥ 1) replica of the CB-Msg3 packet, the selection window starts at the end of the CB-Msg3 occasion wherein the UE has transmitted the nth replica of the CB-Msg3 packet, optionally plus a fixed (pre) configured or standardized offset. This implies that selection windows of different replicas of a CB-Msg3 packet may overlap. If a selection window is overlapped with a Msg4 window in which the UE needs to receive Msg4 (denoted the overlapping Msg4 window) , the UE may determine whether it can transmit CB-Msg3 in the selection window similar as described in the section “UE actions upon receiving Msg4” , if the UE determines that it cannot transmit CB-Msg3 in the selection window (denoted the concerned selection window) , the UE may determine whether it can transmit CB-Msg3 in a selection window starting after the end of the concerned selection window optionally plus a fixed (pre) configured offset, and so forth, until it finds a selection window wherein it can transmit CB-Msg3. Alternatively, the UE may select CB-Msg3 occasions in a selection window starting after the end of the overlapping Msg4 window (or after it successfully received Msg4) plus UL / DL switch time.
[0188] Sliding DSA window with fixed CB-Msg3 occasions
[0189] In some embodiments, CB-Msg3 occasions may be preconfigured and common for all UEs, but DSA windows are not fixed and / or common for all UEs. Instead, a DSA window may start for a UE when it transmits its first replica of a Msg3 in a CB-Msg3 occasion. After this first replica transmission, the UE may thus have a certain time, or a certain number of subsequent CB-Msg3 occasions, in which it can transmit the remaining Msg3 replicas until the maximum allowed replica transmissions is reached.
[0190] In some embodiments, each CB-Msg3 occasion may have an associated Msg4 window. In one sense, this can be described as having a sliding DSA window and a sliding Msg4 window, or a DSA window and Msg4 window moving in steps with the size of an inter-CB-Msg3 occasion interval. However, more accurately, or more descriptive, may be to describe the DSA window and Msg4 window as UE specific and dynamic in the sense that they are defined by the UE’s choice of CB-Msg3 occasions for its Msg3 replica transmissions.
[0191] In some embodiments, the CB-Msg3 occasions may be grouped such that a group of consecutive (and potentially frequency-multiplexed) CB-Msg3 occasions map to the same Msg4-RNTI. As one option, a UE may aim to transmit its Msg3 replicas in a way that minimizes (or keeps sufficiently small) the number of Msg4-RNTIs it has to try when attempting to decode received NPDCCH transmissions while monitoring the downlink for Msg4 response messages (e.g. when Msg4 windows associated with consecutive CB-Msg3 occasions in the time domain may overlap) , e.g. by sending all the Msg3 replicas in CB-Msg3 occasions belonging to the same CB-Msg3 occasion group, i.e. mapping to the same Msg4-RNTI, or by sending its Msg3 replicas in CB-Msg3 occasions in as few CB-Msg3 occasion groups as possible.
[0192] UE actions upon receiving Msg4
[0193] In some embodiments, after receiving Msg4 in the Msg4 window, the UE may perform a new CB-Msg3 attempt (if there is still UL data to be transmitted and CB-Msg3 can be used) or perform a CB-Msg3 reattempt (if none of the transmitted CB-Msg3 replicas is acknowledged, e.g. responded to, and reattempt is still allowed) in any of the following ways:
[0194] ● Option 1: Perform CB-Msg3 (re) attempt in a subsequent DSA window after the Msg4 window (s) in which it has monitored Msg4 for the latest transmitted CB-Msg3 replicas in the previous DSA window.
[0195] ● Option 2: Perform CB-Msg3 (re) attempt in a DSA window after the DSA window in which it has just performed CB-Msg3 transmissions.
[0196] ● Option 3: Perform CB-Msg4 (re) attempts in the same DSA window as the previous replica (s) was (were) transmitted in, if the Msg4 window overlaps with this DSA window and this DSA window continues after the end of the Msg4 window.
[0197] In some embodiments, which option to apply may be configured by the network or hardcoded in the specification. Alternatively, rule (s) may be (pre) configured based on which the UE determines which option to apply. For instance, when a DSA window is overlapped with Msg4 window (s) in which the UE has monitored Msg4 and the number / ratio of CB-Msg3 occasions remained available in the DSA window after the end of the Msg4 window (s) (or the time the UE stops monitoring Msg4) plus the UL / DL switch time is more than a (pre) configured threshold (or simply if there is at least one CB-Msg3 occasion remaining in the DSA window after the overlapping Msg4 window the UE has monitored) , option 2 (as one alternative) or options 3 (as another alternative) may be applied (i.e., the UE may perform CB-Msg3 (re) attempt in the DSA window overlapped with the Msg4 window (s) in which it has just monitored Msg4) . Alternatively, either option 1 (i.e., the UE could only perform CB-Msg3 (re) attempt in the DSA window after the Msg4 window (s) in which it has just monitored Msg4) or option 2 (as one alternative) or option 3 (as another alternative) could be applied which is up to UE implementation, otherwise only option 1 could be applied. In some embodiments, a common threshold value may be (pre) configured or different threshold values may be (pre) configured depending on the DSA window length and / or the replica numbers that the UE should / could transmit for a CB-Msg3, e.g., larger threshold value for longer DSA window length and / or larger replica numbers and vice versa. Yet another alternative for the case where the Msg4 window the UE monitors overlaps with the DSA window and at least one CB-Msg3 occasion remains in the DSA window after the overlapping Msg4 window, the UE may always use option 3.
[0198] Fig. 6 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method 600 at a terminal device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method 600 may be performed at a terminal device (e.g., the device / UE 100) . The method 600 may comprise steps S610 and S620. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In some other embodiments, the method 600 may comprise more steps, less steps, different steps, or any combination thereof. Further the steps of the method 600 may be performed in a different order than that described herein when multiple steps are involved. Further, in some embodiments, a step in the method 600 may be split into multiple sub-steps and performed by different entities, and / or multiple steps in the method 600 may be combined into a single step.
[0199] The method 600 may begin at step S610 where the terminal device may transmit, to a network node, one or more replicas of a CB-Msg3 within a DSA window.
[0200] At step S620, the terminal device may monitor a Msg4 within one or more Msg4 windows in response to the one or more replicas of the CB-Msg3.
[0201] In some embodiments, the monitoring a Msg4 within a Msg4 window may comprise: starting a timer associated with the Msg4 window; and monitoring a Msg4 in the Msg4 window until the timer is expired. In some embodiments, the timer may be started with a timer value less than or equal to the duration of the Msg4 window. In some embodiments, the timer may be started with a timer value that is preconfigured, configured, or standardized. In some embodiments, the timer may be started with a timer value that is selected from a group comprising at least one of: a common timer value; a timer value associated with the DSA window length of the DSA window; a timer value associated with a CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster, in which at least one of the replicas is transmitted; a timer value associated with a combination of the DSA window length and the CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster; a timer value associated with a combination of a number of CB-Msg3 occasions per CB-Msg3 occasion group and a number of CB-Msg3 occasion groups per CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster; a timer value associated with the number of CB-Msg3 occasion group clusters in the DSA window; a timer value associated with the number of CB-Msg3 occasion groups in the DSA window; a timer value associated with the number of CB-Msg3 occasions in the DSA window; and a common timer value associated with each CB-Msg3 transmission in the DSA window.
[0202] In some embodiments, a Msg4 window may have a duration that is selected from a group comprising at least one of: the duration of a single Narrowband Physical Downlink Control Channel (NPDCCH) transmission occasion; the duration of a single NPDCCH transmission together with Narrowband Physical Downlink Shared Channel (NPDSCH) transmission resources allocated by the NPDCCH transmission; the length of the interval between two CB-Msg3 occasions in the time domain; one or more inter-CB-Msg3 occasion time domain intervals; a certain time period; and a certain number of radio interface time structure units. In some embodiments, a Msg4 window may have a duration that is preconfigured, configured, or standardized.
[0203] In some embodiments, there may be a first delay between a CB-Msg3 occasion, in which a replica of a CB-Msg3 is transmitted, and an associated Msg4 window. In some embodiments, the first delay may be preconfigured, configured, or standardized. In some embodiments, the first delay may be determined based on at least one of: the maximum Round Trip Time (RTT) between the terminal device and the network node expected in the cell; the maximum switch time between transmission and reception at the terminal device; and the time that the network node needs to process a received Msg3 and prepare a corresponding Msg4. In some embodiments, the first delay may be determined by:
[0204] DCB-Msg3_occasion_to_Msg4_window = max (TUE_Tx / Rx_switch, RTTUE-eNB_max + Tprocessing_eNB)
[0205] where DCB-Msg3_occasion_to_Msg4_window is the first delay, TUE_Tx / Rx_switch is the maximum switch time between transmission and reception at the terminal device, RTTUE-eNB_max is the maximum RTT between the terminal device and the network node expected in the cell, and Tprocessing_eNB is the time that the network node needs to process a received Msg3 and prepare a corresponding Msg4. In some embodiments, the first delay may be defined in terms of radio interface downlink time structure unit.
[0206] In some embodiments, there may be a second delay between the end of a DSA window, in which one or more replicas of CB-Msg3 are transmitted, and the start of an associated Msg4 window. In some embodiments, the second delay may be determined based on at least one of: the RTT between the terminal device and the network node; the switch time between uplink and downlink at the terminal device; and the time that the network node needs to process a received Msg3 and prepare a corresponding Msg4 with margin. In some embodiments, the second delay may be determined by:
[0207] DUE_wait = max (DRTT + DeNB_proc_margin, DUL / DL_switch)
[0208] where DUE_wait is the second delay, DUL / DL_switch is the switch time between uplink and downlink at the terminal device, DRTT is the RTT between the terminal device and the network node, and DeNB_proc_margin is the time that the network node needs to process a received Msg3 and prepare a corresponding Msg4 with margin.
[0209] In some embodiments, there may be a third delay between the end of a CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster, in which one or more replicas of CB-Msg3 are transmitted, and the start of an associated Msg4 window. In some embodiments, the third delay may be determined based on at least one of: the RTT between the terminal device and the network node; the switch time between uplink and downlink at the terminal device; and the time gap between the end of the DSA window containing the CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster and the end of the CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster.
[0210] In some embodiments, the third delay may be determined by:
[0211] where Ddelay3 is the third delay, DUL / DL_switch is the switch time between uplink and downlink at the terminal device, DRTT is the RTT between the terminal device and the network node, and Tgap2 is the time gap between the end of the DSA window containing the CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster and the end of the CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster.
[0212] In some embodiments, a provision point for Msg4 monitoring may be configured by the network node at the end of at least one of CB-Msg3 occasion groups in the DSA window. In some embodiments, when one or more replicas of CB-Msg3 are transmitted between a previous provision point and a current provision point, there may be a fourth delay between the end of the current provision point and the start of an associated Msg4 window. In some embodiments, the fourth delay may be determined based on at least one of: the RTT between the terminal device and the network node; the switch time between uplink and downlink at the terminal device; and the time gap between the end of the DSA window containing the current provision point and the current provision point. In some embodiments, the fourth delay may be determined by:
[0213] where Ddelay4 is the fourth delay, DUL / DL_switch is the switch time between uplink and downlink at the terminal device, DRTT is the RTT between the terminal device and the network node, and Tgap3 is the time gap between the end of the DSA window containing the current provision point and the current provision point.
[0214] In some embodiments, the method 600 may further comprise: receiving, from the network node, a message indicating one or more configurations for Msg4 reception; and determining at least one of the configurations to be adopted by the terminal device based on at least the type and / or the capability of the terminal device. In some embodiments, when the terminal device does not support full-duplex Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) , a configuration indicating that the terminal device is to receive Msg4 after a DSA window in which one or more replicas of a corresponding Msg3 are transmitted may be adopted. In some embodiments, when the terminal device supports full-duplex FDD, a configuration indicating that the terminal device is to receive Msg4 within a DSA window in which one or more replicas of a corresponding Msg3 are transmitted may be adopted. In some embodiments, which of the configurations is adopted by the terminal device may be notified to the network node by at least one of: an indication in the CB-Msg3; and the CB-Msg3 occasion in which the CB-Msg3 is transmitted.
[0215] In some embodiments, there may be a fifth delay between the end of a CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster, in which one or more replicas of CB-Msg3 are transmitted, and the start of an associated Msg4 window. In some embodiments, the fifth delay may be determined based on at least one of: the RTT between the terminal device and the network node; and the switch time between uplink and downlink at the terminal device. In some embodiments, the fifth delay may be determined bv:
[0216] where Ddelay5 is the fifth delay, DUL / DL_switch is the switch time between uplink and downlink at the terminal device, and DRTT is the RTT between the terminal device and the network node.
[0217] In some embodiments, the DSA window may start when the terminal device transmits the first replica of the CB-Msg3. In some embodiments, each CB-Msg3 occasion may have an associated Msg4 window. In some embodiments, a group of consecutive CB-Msg3 occasions may be mapped to a same Msg4 Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) . In some embodiments, the method 600 may further comprise at least one of: performing a new CB-Msg3 attempt when a Msg4 acknowledging at least one of the transmitted CB-Msg3 replicas is received, there is still uplink (UL) data to be transmitted, and CB-Msg3 can be used; and performing a CB-Msg3 reattempt when none of the transmitted CB-Msg3 replicas is acknowledged and reattempt is still allowed.
[0218] In some embodiments, the new CB-Msg3 attempt and / or the CB-Msg3 reattempt may be performed in any of the following ways: performing the new CB-Msg3 attempt and / or the CB-Msg3 reattempt in a subsequent DSA window after the Msg4 windows in which the terminal device has monitored Msg4 for the latest transmitted CB-Msg3 replicas in the previous DSA window; performing the new CB-Msg3 attempt and / or the CB-Msg3 reattempt in a DSA window after the DSA window in which the terminal device has just performed CB-Msg3 transmissions; and performing the new CB-Msg3 attempt and / or the CB-Msg3 reattempt in the same DSA window as one or more previous replicas were transmitted in, if the Msg4 window overlaps with the DSA window and the DSA window continues after the end of the Msg4 window. In some embodiments, the terminal device may be an Internet of Things (IoT) Non Terrestrial Network (NTN) User Equipment (UE) . In some embodiments, the network node may be an evolved Node B (eNB) .
[0219] Fig. 7 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method 700 at a network node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method 700 may be performed at a network node (e.g., the BS 105, the eNB 105-1, the ng-eNB 105-2) . The method 700 may comprise steps S710 and S720. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. In some other embodiments, the method 700 may comprise more steps, less steps, different steps, or any combination thereof. Further the steps of the method 700 may be performed in a different order than that described herein when multiple steps are involved. Further, in some embodiments, a step in the method 700 may be split into multiple sub-steps and performed by different entities, and / or multiple steps in the method 700 may be combined into a single step.
[0220] The method 700 may begin at step S710 where the network node may receive, from a terminal device, one or more replicas of a CB-Msg3 within a DSA window.
[0221] At step S720, the network node may transmit, to the terminal device, a Msg4 within one or more Msg4 windows in response to the one or more replicas of the CB-Msg3.
[0222] In some embodiments, the method 700 may further comprise: configuring the terminal device with a timer associated with a Msg4 window, such that the terminal device is allowed to monitor a Msg4 in the Msg4 window until the timer is expired. In some embodiments, the configured timer may have a timer value less than or equal to the duration of the Msg4 window. In some embodiments, the configured timer may have a timer value that is selected from a group comprising at least one of: a common timer value; a timer value associated with the DSA window length of the DSA window; a timer value associated with a CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster, in which at least one of the replicas is transmitted; a timer value associated with a combination of the DSA window length and the CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster; a timer value associated with a combination of a number of CB-Msg3 occasions per CB-Msg3 occasion group and a number of CB-Msg3 occasion groups per CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster; a timer value associated with the number of CB-Msg3 occasion group clusters in the DSA window; a timer value associated with the number of CB-Msg3 occasion groups in the DSA window; a timer value associated with the number of CB-Msg3 occasions in the DSA window; and a common timer value associated with each CB-Msg3 transmission in the DSA window.
[0223] In some embodiments, a Msg4 window may have a duration that is selected from a group comprising at least one of: the duration of a single Narrowband Physical Downlink Control Channel (NPDCCH) transmission occasion; the duration of a single NPDCCH transmission together with Narrowband Physical Downlink Shared Channel (NPDSCH) transmission resources allocated by the NPDCCH transmission; the length of the interval between two CB-Msg3 occasions in the time domain; one or more inter-CB-Msg3 occasion time domain intervals; a certain time period; and a certain number of radio interface time structure units.
[0224] In some embodiments, there may be a sixth delay between reception of a replica of the CB-Msg3 and an associated Msg4 window. In some embodiments, the sixth delay may be determined based on at least one of: the maximum Round Trip Time (RTT) between the terminal device and the network node expected in the cell; the maximum switch time between transmission and reception at the terminal device; and the time that the network node needs to process a received Msg3 and prepare a corresponding Msg4. In some embodiments, the sixth delay may be determined by:
[0225] D6 = TUE_Tx / Rx_switch -RTTUE-eNB_max
[0226] or
[0227] D6 = Tprocessing_eNB
[0228] where D6 is the sixth delay, TUE_Tx / Rx_switch is the maximum switch time between transmission and reception at the terminal device, RTTUE-eNB_max is the maximum RTT between the terminal device and the network node expected in the cell, and Tprocessing_eNB is the time that the network node needs to process a received Msg3 and prepare a corresponding Msg4. In some embodiments, the sixth delay may be defined in terms of radio interface downlink time structure unit.
[0229] In some embodiments, there may be a seventh delay between the end of a DSA window, in which one or more replicas of CB-Msg3 are received, and the start of an associated Msg4 window. In some embodiments, the seventh delay may be determined based on at least one of: the maximum RTT between the terminal device and the network node expected in the cell; the switch time between uplink and downlink at the terminal device; and the time that the network node needs to process a received Msg3 and prepare a corresponding Msg4 with margin; and the time that the network node actually needs process a received Msg3 and prepare a corresponding Msg4. In some embodiments, when the DSA window is defined in terms of radio interface time structure units, the seventh delay may be determined by:
[0230] DeNB_wait = max (DRTT_max + DeNB_proc_margin, DUL / DL_switch) -DeNB_proc_actual
[0231] where DeNB_wait is the seventh delay, DUL / DL_switch is the switch time between uplink and downlink at the terminal device, DRTT_max is the maximum RTT between the terminal device and the network node expected in the cell, DeNB_proc_margin is the time that the network node needs to process a received Msg3 and prepare a corresponding Msg4 with margin, and DeNB_proc_actual is the time that the network node actually needs process a received Msg3 and prepare a corresponding Msg4. In some embodiments, when the DSA window is defined in terms of absolute time, the seventh delay may be determined by:
[0232] where DeNB_wait_alt_with_absolute_DSA_window_time is the seventh delay, DUL / DL_switch is the switch time between uplink and downlink at the terminal device, DRTT_max is the maximum RTT between the terminal device and the network node expected in the cell, DRTT_min is the minimum RTT between the terminal device and the network node expected in the cell, DeNB_proc_margin is the time that the network node needs to process a received Msg3 and prepare a corresponding Msg4 with margin, and DeNB_proc_actual is the time that the network node actually needs process a received Msg3 and prepare a corresponding Msg4.
[0233] In some embodiments, there may be an eighth delay between the end of a CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster, in which one or more replicas of CB-Msg3 are received, and the start of an associated Msg4 window. In some embodiments, the eighth delay may be determined based on at least one of: the minimum RTT between the terminal device and the network node expected in the cell; the switch time between uplink and downlink at the terminal device; and the time gap between the end of the DSA window containing the CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster and the end of the CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster; and the time that the network node needs to process a received Msg3 and prepare a corresponding Msg4. In some embodiments, the eighth delay may be determined by:
[0234] where Ddelay8 is the eighth delay, DUL / DL_switch is the switch time between uplink and downlink at the terminal device, DRTT_min is the minimum RTT between the terminal device and the network node expected in the cell, Tgap1 is the time gap between the end of the DSA window containing the CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster and the end of the CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster, and Tprocessing_eNB is the time that the network node needs to process a received Msg3 and prepare a corresponding Msg4.
[0235] In some embodiments, the terminal device may be configured with a provision point for Msg4 monitoring at the end of at least one of CB-Msg3 occasion groups in the DSA window. In some embodiments, when one or more replicas of CB-Msg3 are transmitted between a previous provision point and a current provision point, there may be a ninth delay between the end of the current provision point and the start of an associated Msg4 window. In some embodiments, the ninth delay may be determined based on at least one of: the minimum RTT between the terminal device and the network node expected in the cell; the switch time between uplink and downlink at the terminal device; the time gap between the end of the DSA window containing the current provision point and the current provision point; and the time that the network node needs to process a received Msg3 and prepare a corresponding Msg4. In some embodiments, the ninth delay may be determined by:
[0236] where Ddelay9 is the ninth delay, DUL / DL_switch is the switch time between uplink and downlink at the terminal device, DRTT_min is the minimum RTT between the terminal device and the network node expected in the cell, Tgap3 is the time gap between the end of the DSA window containing the current provision point and the current provision point, and Tprocessing_eNB is the time that the network node needs to process a received Msg3 and prepare a corresponding Msg4.
[0237] In some embodiments, the method 700 may further comprise: transmitting, to the terminal device, a message indicating one or more configurations for Msg4 reception, such that the terminal device is enabled to determine at least one of the configurations to be adopted by the terminal device based on at least the type and / or the capability of the terminal device. In some embodiments, which of the configurations is adopted by the terminal device may be notified to the network node by at least one of: an indication in the CB-Msg3; and the CB-Msg3 occasion in which the CB-Msg3 is transmitted.
[0238] In some embodiments, there may be a tenth delay between the end of a CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster, in which one or more replicas of CB-Msg3 are transmitted, and the start of an associated Msg4 window. In some embodiments, the tenth delay may be determined based on at least one of: the minimum RTT between the terminal device and the network node expected in the cell; and the switch time between uplink and downlink at the terminal device. In some embodiments, the tenth delay may be determined by:
[0239] where Ddelay10 is the tenth delay, DUL / DL_switch is the switch time between uplink and downlink at the terminal device, DRTT_min is the minimum RTT between the terminal device and the network node expected in the cell, and Tprocessing_eNB is the time that the network node needs to process a received Msg3 and prepare a corresponding Msg4.
[0240] In some embodiments, the DSA window may start when the terminal device transmits the first replica of the CB-Msg3. In some embodiments, each CB-Msg3 occasion may have an associated Msg4 window. In some embodiments, a group of consecutive CB-Msg3 occasions may be mapped to a same Msg4 Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) . In some embodiments, the terminal device may be an Internet of Things (IoT) Non Terrestrial Network (NTN) User Equipment (UE) . In some embodiments, the network node may be an evolved Node B (eNB) .
[0241] Fig. 8 schematically shows an embodiment of an arrangement 800 which may be used in a terminal device (e.g., the UE / device 100) or a network node (e.g., the BS 105, the eNB 105-1, the ng-eNB 105-2) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Comprised in the arrangement 800 are a processing unit 806, e.g., with a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) or a Central Processing Unit (CPU) . The processing unit 806 may be a single unit or a plurality of units to perform different actions of procedures described herein. The arrangement 800 may also comprise an input unit 802 for receiving signals from other entities, and an output unit 804 for providing signal (s) to other entities. The input unit 802 and the output unit 804 may be arranged as an integrated entity or as separate entities.
[0242] Furthermore, the arrangement 800 may comprise at least one computer program product 808 in the form of a non-volatile or volatile memory, e.g., an Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM) , a flash memory and / or a hard drive. The computer program product 808 comprises a computer program 810, which comprises code / computer readable instructions, which when executed by the processing unit 806 in the arrangement 800 causes the arrangement 800 and / or the terminal device / network nodes in which it is comprised to perform the actions, e.g., of the procedure described earlier in conjunction with Fig. 6 through Fig. 7 or any other variant.
[0243] The computer program 810 may be configured as a computer program code structured in computer program modules 810A and 810B. Hence, in an exemplifying embodiment when the arrangement 800 is used in a terminal device, the code in the computer program of the arrangement 800 includes: a module 810A configured to transmit, to a network node, one or more replicas of a CB-Msg3 within a DSA window; and a module 810B configured to monitor a Msg4 within one or more Msg4 windows in response to the one or more replicas of the CB-Msg3.
[0244] Additionally or alternatively, the computer program 810 may be further configured as a computer program code structured in computer program modules 810C and 810D. Hence, in an exemplifying embodiment when the arrangement 800 is used in a network node, the code in the computer program of the arrangement 800 includes: a module 810C configured to receive, from a terminal device, one or more replicas of a CB-Msg3 within a DSA window;and transmit, to the terminal device, a Msg4 within one or more Msg4 windows in response to the one or more replicas of the CB-Msg3.
[0245] The computer program modules could essentially perform the actions of the flow illustrated in Fig. 6 through Fig. 7, to emulate the terminal device or the network node. In other words, when the different computer program modules are executed in the processing unit 806, they may correspond to different modules in the terminal device or the network node.
[0246] Although the code means in the embodiments disclosed above in conjunction with Fig. 8 are implemented as computer program modules which when executed in the processing unit causes the arrangement to perform the actions described above in conjunction with the figures mentioned above, at least one of the code means may in alternative embodiments be implemented at least partly as hardware circuits.
[0247] The processor may be a single CPU (Central processing unit) , but could also comprise two or more processing units. For example, the processor may include general purpose microprocessors; instruction set processors and / or related chips sets and / or special purpose microprocessors such as Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASICs) . The processor may also comprise board memory for caching purposes. The computer program may be carried by a computer program product connected to the processor. The computer program product may comprise a computer readable medium on which the computer program is stored. For example, the computer program product may be a flash memory, a Random-access memory (RAM) , a Read-Only Memory (ROM) , or an EEPROM, and the computer program modules described above could in alternative embodiments be distributed on different computer program products in the form of memories within the terminal device and / or the network node.
[0248] Fig. 9 shows an example of a communication system QQ100 in accordance with some embodiments.
[0249] In the example, the communication system QQ 100 includes a telecommunications network QQ 102 that includes an access network QQ 104, such as a radio access network (RAN) , and a core network QQ106, which includes one or more core network nodes QQ108. The access network QQ104 includes one or more access network nodes or base stations of various types, access network nodes QQ110A and QQ110B are depicted (which may be collectively referred to as network nodes QQ110) , or any other similar 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) access nodes or non-3GPP access points (APs) . Some embodiments of the access network QQ104 may include more than one access network technology. The network nodes QQ 110 of access network QQ104 facilitate direct or indirect connection of wireless devices, also referred to as user equipments (UEs) , such as by connecting UEs QQ112A, QQ112B, QQ112C, and QQ112D (one or more of which may be generally referred to as UEs QQ112) to the core network QQ106 over one or more wireless connections.
[0250] Moreover, a network node is not necessarily limited to an implementation in which a radio portion and a baseband portion are supplied and integrated by a single vendor. Thus, it will be understood that network nodes include disaggregated implementations or portions thereof. For example, in some embodiments, the telecommunications network QQ102 includes one or more Open-RAN (ORAN) network nodes. An ORAN network node is a network node in the telecommunications network QQ102 that supports an ORAN specification (e.g., a specification published by the O-RAN Alliance, or any similar organization) and may operate alone or together with other network nodes to implement one or more functionalities of any network node in the telecommunications network QQ 102, including one or more access network nodes QQ 110 and / or core network nodes QQ108.
[0251] Examples of an ORAN network node include an open radio unit (O-RU) , an open distributed unit (O-DU) , an open central unit (O-CU) , including an O-CU control plane (O-CU-CP) or an O-CU user plane (O-CU-UP) , a RAN intelligent controller (near-real time or non-real time) hosting software or software plug-ins, such as a near-real time control application (e.g., xApp) or a non-real time control application (e.g., rApp) , or any combination thereof (the adjective “open” designating support of an ORAN specification) . An ORAN network node may support a specification by, for example, supporting an interface defined by the ORAN specification, such as an A1, F1, W1, E1, E2, X2, Xn interface, an open fronthaul user plane interface, or an open fronthaul management plane interface. Moreover, an ORAN network node may be a logical node in a physical node. Furthermore, an ORAN network node may be implemented in a virtualization environment (described further below) in which one or more network functions are virtualized. For example, the virtualization environment may include an O-Cloud computing platform orchestrated by a Service Management and Orchestration Framework via an O-2 interface defined by the O-RAN Alliance or comparable technologies.
[0252] The network nodes QQ110 facilitate direct or indirect connection of one or more UEs QQ112 to the core network QQ106 over one or more wireless connections. Example wireless communications over a wireless connection include transmitting and / or receiving wireless signals using electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared waves, and / or other types of signals suitable for conveying information without the use of wires, cables, or other material conductors. Moreover, in different embodiments, the communication system QQ100 may include any number of wired or wireless networks, network nodes, UEs, and / or any other components or systems that may facilitate or participate in the communication of data and / or signals whether via wired or wireless connections. The communication system QQ100 may include and / or interface with any type of communication, telecommunication, data, cellular, radio network, and / or other similar type of system.
[0253] The UEs QQ112 may be any of a wide variety of communication devices, including wireless devices arranged, configured, and / or operable to communicate wirelessly with the network nodes QQ110 and other communication devices. Similarly, the network nodes QQ108, QQ110 are arranged, capable, configured, and / or operable to communicate directly or indirectly (e.g., via other devices of telecommunications network QQ102) with the UEs QQ112 and / or with other network nodes or equipment in the telecommunications network QQ102 to enable and / or provide network access, such as wireless network access, and / or to perform other functions, such as administration in the telecommunications network QQ 102. More specifically, UEs QQ 112 may send messages, data, and / or other signals to network nodes QQ108, QQ110 or other elements of the telecommunications network QQ 102 by transmitting such signals to the relevant device directly without the signals passing through any intervening devices or by transmitting such signals to the relevant device indirectly through an intervening device (or multiple intervening devices) that then transmit the signal to the relevant device. Similarly, network nodes QQ108, QQ110 may send messages, data, and other signals to UEs QQ112, other network nodes QQ108, QQ110, and other devices in telecommunications network QQ102 directly or indirectly. As one specific example, a core network node 108 may transmit a particular message to a UE QQ112 by transmitting the message to an access network node QQ110 that will then transmit the message to the intended UE QQ112. Similarly, a core network node 108 may receive a particular message from a UE QQ112 by receiving the message from an access network node QQ110 that itself received the message from the UE QQ112.
[0254] In the depicted example, the core network QQ 106 connects elements of the access network QQ104 (e.g., one or more of the network nodes QQ110) to one or more host computing systems, such as host QQ116. These connections may be direct or indirect via one or more intermediary networks or devices. In other examples, network nodes may be directly coupled to hosts. The core network QQ106 includes one or more core network nodes (e.g., core network node QQ108) of various types, one or more of which may be generally referred to as network nodes QQ108. Network nodes QQ 108 are structured with hardware and software components. Features of these components may be substantially similar to those described with respect to the UEs, access network nodes, and / or hosts, such that the descriptions thereof are generally applicable to the corresponding components of the core network node QQ108. Example core network nodes provide functions of one or more of a Mobile Switching Center (MSC) , Mobility Management Entity (MME) , Home Subscriber Server (HSS) , Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) , Session Management Function (SMF) , Authentication Server Function (AUSF) , Subscription Identifier De-concealing Function (SIDF) , Unified Data Management (UDM) , Security Edge Protection Proxy (SEPP) , Network Exposure Function (NEF) , and / or a User Plane Function (UPF) .
[0255] The host QQ116 may be under the ownership or control of a service provider other than an operator or provider of the access network QQ 104 and / or the telecommunications network QQ 102. The host QQ116 may be operated by the service provider or on behalf of the service provider. The host QQ 116 may host a variety of applications to provide one or more services. Examples of such applications include live and pre-recorded audio / video content, data collection services such as retrieving and compiling data on various ambient conditions detected by a plurality of UEs, analytics functionality, social media, functions for controlling or otherwise interacting with remote devices, functions for an alarm and surveillance center, or any other such function performed by a server.
[0256] As a whole, the communication system QQ 100 of Fig. 9 enables connectivity between the UEs, network nodes, and hosts. In that sense, the communication system QQ 100 may be configured to operate according to predefined rules or procedures, such as specific standards that include, but are not limited to: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) ; Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) ; Long Term Evolution (LTE) , and / or other suitable 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G standards, or any applicable future generation standard (e.g., 6G) ; wireless local area network (WLAN) standards, such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards (Wi-Fi) ; and / or any other appropriate wireless communication standard, such as the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (Wi-Max) , Bluetooth, Z-Wave, Near Field Communication (NFC) , ZigBee, Li-Fi, and / or any low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) standards such as LoRa and Sigfox. Moreover, the communication system QQ100 may be configured to support multiple different standards, protocols, or other rule sets, with individual components supporting all of the relevant rule sets or with different components or sub-systems within the communication system QQ 100 supporting different standards, protocols, or rule sets.
[0257] As one example, in certain embodiments, access network QQ104 may contain some access network nodes QQ110 that support 3GPP radio access technologies (RAT) , such as LTE or NR, while other access network nodes QQ110 support (or the same access network nodes QQ110 additionally support) non-3GPP RATs, such as Wi-Fi or a proprietary RAT. As another example, telecommunications network QQ 102 may support multiple generations of related communication standards (e.g., 4G and 5G 3GPP communication standards) and, as a result, may include an access network 104 and / or a core network 106 that supports multiple different standard generations or may include multiple access networks 104 and / or multiple core networks 106 with individual networks 104, 106 supporting different standard generations.
[0258] Telecommunications network QQ102 may support network slicing to provide different logical networks to different devices that are connected to the telecommunications network QQ 102. For example, the telecommunications network QQ 102 may provide Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) services to some UEs, while providing Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services to other UEs, and / or Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) / Massive IoT services to yet further UEs.
[0259] In some examples, one or more of the UEs QQ 112 are configured to transmit and / or receive information without direct human interaction. For instance, a UE may be designed to transmit information to the access network QQ104 on a predetermined schedule, when triggered by an internal or external event, or in response to requests from the access network QQ 104. Additionally, a UE may be configured for operating in single-or multi-RAT or multi-standard mode. For example, a UE may operate with any one or combination of Wi-Fi, NR (New Radio) and LTE, i.e. being configured for multi-radio dual connectivity (MR-DC) , such as E-UTRAN (Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) New Radio -Dual Connectivity (EN-DC) .
[0260] In the example, the hub QQ114 communicates with the access network QQ104 to facilitate indirect communication between one or more UEs (e.g., UE QQ112C and / or QQ112D) and network nodes (e.g., network node QQ11OB) . In some examples, the hub QQ114 may be a controller, router, content source and analytics, or any of the other communication devices described herein regarding UEs. For example, the hub QQ114 may be a broadband router enabling access to the core network QQ106 for the UEs. As another example, the hub QQ114 may be a controller that sends commands or instructions to one or more actuators in the UEs. Commands or instructions may be received from the UEs, network nodes QQ 110, or by executable code, script, process, or other instructions in the hub QQ114.
[0261] As another example, the hub QQ114 may be a data collector that acts as temporary storage for UE data and, in some embodiments, may perform analysis or other processing of the data. As another example, the hub QQ114 may be a content source. For example, for a UE that is a VR headset, display, loudspeaker or other media delivery device, the hub QQ114 may retrieve VR assets, video, audio, or other media or data related to sensory information via a network node, which the hub QQ114 then provides to the UE either directly, after performing local processing, and / or after adding additional local content. In still another example, the hub QQ114 acts as a proxy server or orchestrator for the UEs, in particular ifone or more of the UEs are low energy IoT devices.
[0262] The hub QQ114 may have a constant / persistent or intermittent connection to the network node QQ11OB. The hub QQ114 may also allow for a different communication scheme and / or schedule between the hub QQ114 and UEs (e.g., UE QQ112C and / or QQ112D) , and between the hub QQ114 and the core network QQ106. In other examples, the hub QQ114 is connected to the core network QQ106 and / or one or more UEs via a wired connection. Moreover, the hub QQ114 may be configured to connect to a Machine to Machine (M2M) service provider over the access network QQ104 and / or to another UE over a direct connection. In some scenarios, UEs may establish a wireless connection with the network nodes QQ110 while still connected via the hub QQ114 via a wired or wireless connection. In some embodiments, the hub QQ114 may be a dedicated hub -that is, a hub whose primary function is to route communications to / from the UEs from / to the network node QQ110B. In other embodiments, the hub QQ114 may be a non-dedicated hub -that is, a device which is capable of operating to route communications between the UEs and network node QQ 11 OB, but which is additionally capable of operating as a communication start and / or end point for certain data channels.
[0263] Fig. 10 is another example of a communication system QQ200 according to some embodiments. As used herein, the communication system QQ200 includes multiple access points (APs) QQ210 (with four exemplary APs QQ210A, QQ210B, QQ210C, and QQ210D being depicted) and multiple wireless devices, referred to in the context of communication system QQ200 as stations (STAs) QQ212 (referred to individually as STA QQ212A, STA QQ212B, STA QQ212C, STA QQ212D, and STA QQ212E) . STA QQ212A is served by AP QQ210A in a first basic service set (BSS) QQ220A. STA QQ212B and STA QQ212C are served by AP QQ210B in a second BSS, BSS QQ220B. STA QQ212D is served by AP QQ210C in a third BSS, BSS QQ220C. STA QQ212E is served by AP QQ210D in a fourth BSS, BSS QQ220D. Stations QQ212 may be non-AP STAs and correspond to various kinds of wireless devices, for example, user terminals, such as mobile or stationary computing devices like smartphones, laptop computers, desktop computers, tablet computers, gaming devices, head-mounted displays (HMDs) for Augmented Reality (AR) or Virtual Reality (VR) , or the like. Further, stations QQ212 could, for example, correspond to other kinds of equipment like smart home devices, printers, multimedia devices, data storage devices, or the like.
[0264] Each of STAs QQ212 may connect through a radio link to one ofAPs QQ210. For example, depending on location or channel conditions experienced by a given STA QQ212, the STA may select an appropriate AP and BSS for establishing the radio link. The radio link may be based on one or more orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) carriers from a frequency spectrum that is shared on the basis of a contention-based mechanism, e.g., an unlicensed or license exempt band like 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band, the 5 GHz band, the 6 GHz band, or the 60 GHz band.
[0265] Each AP QQ210 may provide data connectivity to STAs QQ212 connected to a particular AP QQ210. As illustrated, APs QQ210 may be connected to a data network QQ230. In this way, APs QQ210 may also provide data connectivity between STAs QQ212 and other entities, e.g., to one or more servers, service providers, data sources, data sinks, user terminals, or the like. Accordingly, the radio link established between a given STA QQ212 and its serving AP QQ210 may be used for providing various kinds of services to STA QQ212, e.g., a voice service, a multimedia service, or other data service. Such services may be based on applications that are executed on STA QQ212 and / or on a device linked to STA QQ212. By way of example, Fig. 10 illustrates an application service platform QQ232 provided in data network QQ230. The application (s) executed on STA QQ212 and / or on one or more other devices linked to STA QQ212 may use the radio link for data communication with one or more other STA QQ212 and / or the application service platform QQ232, thereby enabling utilization of the corresponding service (s) at STA QQ212.
[0266] Fig. 11 shows a wireless device QQ300, which may be configured to operate in communication system QQ100 of Fig. 9 or in communication system QQ200 of Fig. 10. The wireless device QQ300 may be alternatively referred to as a UE QQ300, like a UE QQ112 within the context of communication system QQ100, or as a station (STA) QQ300 or as a non-access-point station (non-AP STA) QQ300, like a STA QQ212 within the context of the communication system QQ200, in accordance with respective embodiments. As used herein, a wireless device refers to a device capable, configured, arranged and / or operable to communicate wirelessly with network nodes and / or other wireless devices. Examples of a wireless device include, but are not limited to, a smart phone, mobile phone, cell phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phone, wireless local loop phone, desktop computer, personal digital assistant (PDA) , wireless cameras, gaming console or device, music storage device, playback appliance, wearable terminal device, wireless endpoint, mobile station, tablet, laptop, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , smart device, wireless customer-premise equipment (CPE) , vehicle, vehicle-mounted or vehicle embedded / integrated wireless device, and wireless terminal. Other examples include any type of UE identified by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) , including a narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT) UE, a machine type communication (MTC) UE, and / or an enhanced MTC (eMTC) UE.
[0267] A wireless device QQ300 may support device-to-device (D2D) communication, for example by implementing a 3GPP standard for sidelink communication, Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) , vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) , vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) , or vehicle-to-everything (V2X) . In other examples, wireless device QQ300 may not necessarily have a user in the sense of a human user who owns and / or operates the relevant device. Instead, wireless device QQ300 may represent a device that is intended for sale to, or operation by, a human user but which may not, or which may not initially, be associated with a specific human user (e.g., a smart sprinkler controller) . Alternatively, wireless device QQ300 may represent a device that is not intended for sale to, or operation by, an end user but which may be associated with or operated for the benefit of a user (e.g., a smart power meter) .
[0268] In particular embodiments, wireless device QQ300 includes processing circuitry QQ302 that is operatively coupled via a bus QQ304 to an input / output interface QQ306, a power source QQ308, a memory QQ310, a communication interface QQ312, and / or any other component, or any combination thereof. Certain embodiments of wireless device QQ300 may include all or a subset of the components shown in Fig. 11. The level of integration between the components may vary from one embodiment of wireless device QQ300 to another. In general, in a particular embodiment of wireless device QQ300, processing circuitry QQ302, input / output interface QQ306, power source QQ308, memory QQ310, and communication interface QQ312 may, in whole or in part, represent or include physical components common to or shared by one or more of the other elements of wireless device QQ300. Further, certain embodiments of wireless devices QQ300 may contain multiple instances of a component, such as multiple processors, memories, transceivers, transmitters, receivers, etc.
[0269] The processing circuitry QQ302 is configured to process instructions and data and may be configured to implement any sequential state machine operative to execute instructions stored as machine-readable computer programs in the memory QQ310. The processing circuitry QQ302 may be implemented as one or more hardware-implemented state machines (e.g., in discrete logic, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , etc. ) ; programmable logic together with appropriate firmware; one or more stored computer programs, general-purpose processors, such as a microprocessor or digital signal processor (DSP) , together with appropriate software; or any combination of the above. For example, the processing circuitry QQ302 may include multiple central processing units (CPUs) .
[0270] In the example, the input / output interface QQ306 may be configured to provide an interface or interfaces to an input device, output device, or one or more input and / or output devices. Examples of an output device include a speaker, a sound card, a video card, a display, a monitor, a printer, an actuator, an emitter, a smartcard, another output device, or any combination thereof. An input device may allow a user to capture information into wireless device QQ300. Examples of an input device include a touch-sensitive or presence-sensitive display, a camera (e.g., a digital camera, a digital video camera, a web camera, etc. ) , a microphone, a sensor, a mouse, a trackball, a directional pad, a trackpad, a scroll wheel, a smartcard, and the like. The presence-sensitive display may include a capacitive or resistive touch sensor to sense input from a user. A sensor may be, for instance, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a tilt sensor, a force sensor, a magnetometer, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, a biometric sensor, etc., or any combination thereof. An output device may use the same type of interface port as an input device. For example, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port may be used to provide an input device and an output device.
[0271] In some embodiments, the power source QQ308 is structured as a battery or battery pack. Other types of power sources, such as an external power source (e.g., an electricity outlet) , photovoltaic device, or power cell, may be used to supply power to circuitry or to charge an associated battery. The power source QQ308 may further include power circuitry for delivering power from the power source QQ308 itself, and / or an external power source, to the various parts of wireless device QQ300 via input circuitry or an interface such as an electrical power cable. Power source QQ308 may perform any formatting, converting, or other modification to make accessible power suitable for the respective components of the wireless device QQ300 to which power is supplied.
[0272] The memory QQ310 may be or be configured to include memory such as random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , programmable read-only memory (PROM) , erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , magnetic disks, optical disks, hard disks, removable cartridges, flash drives, and so forth. In one example, the memory QQ310 includes one or more programs QQ314, such as an operating system, web browser application, a widget, gadget engine, or other application, and corresponding data QQ316. The memory QQ310 may store, for use by wireless device QQ300, any of a variety of various operating systems or combinations of operating systems.
[0273] The memory QQ310 may be configured to include a number of physical drive units, such as redundant array of independent disks (RAID) , flash memory, USB flash drive, external hard disk drive, thumb drive, pen drive, key drive, high-density digital versatile disc (HD-DVD) optical disc drive, internal hard disk drive, Blu-Ray optical disc drive, holographic digital data storage (HDDS) optical disc drive, external mini-dual in-line memory module (DIMM) , synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM) , external micro-DIMM SDRAM, smartcard memory such as tamper resistant module in the form of a universal integrated circuit card (UICC) including one or more subscriber identity modules (SIMs) , such as a USIM and / or ISIM, other memory, or any combination thereof. The UICC may for example be an embedded UICC (eUICC) , integrated UICC (iUICC) or a removable UICC commonly known as ‘SIM card. ’ The memory QQ310 may allow wireless device QQ300 to access instructions, programs and the like, stored on transitory or non-transitory memory media, to off-load data, or to upload data. An article of manufacture, such as one utilizing a communication system may be tangibly embodied as or in the memory QQ310, which may be or comprise a device-readable storage medium.
[0274] The processing circuitry QQ302 may be configured to communicate with an access network or other network via or using the communication interface QQ312. The communication interface QQ312 may comprise one or more communication subsystems and may include or be communicatively coupled to an antenna QQ322. The communication interface QQ312 may include one or more transceivers used to communicate, such as by communicating with one or more remote transceivers of another device capable of wireless communication (e.g., another wireless device or a network node in an access network) . Each transceiver may include a transmitter QQ318 and / or a receiver QQ320 appropriate to provide network communications (e.g., optical, electrical, frequency allocations, and so forth) . Moreover, the transmitter QQ318 and receiver QQ320 may be coupled to one or more antennas (e.g., antenna QQ322) and may share circuit components, software or firmware, or alternatively be implemented separately.
[0275] In the illustrated embodiment, communication functions of the communication interface QQ312 may include cellular communication, Wi-Fi communication (e.g., according to an IEEE 802.11 family standard) , LPWAN communication, data communication, voice communication, multimedia communication, short-range communications such as Bluetooth, near-field communication, location-based communication such as the use of the global positioning system (GPS) to determine a location, another like communication function, or any combination thereof. Communications may be implemented according to one or more communication protocols and / or standards, such as IEEE 802.11, Code Division Multiplexing Access (CDMA) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , GSM, LTE, New Radio (NR) , UMTS, WiMax, Ethernet, transmission control protocol / internet protocol (TCP / IP) , synchronous optical networking (SONET) , Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) , QUIC, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) , and so forth.
[0276] In particular embodiments, wireless device QQ300 may provide an output of data captured via a sensor, through its communication interface QQ312, via a wireless connection to a network node, and / or in any appropriate manner. Data captured by sensors of a wireless device QQ300 can be communicated through a wireless connection to a network node via another wireless device QQ300. In particular embodiments, such output may be periodic (e.g., once every 15 minutes if it reports the sensed temperature) , random (e.g., to even out the load from reporting from several sensors) , in response to a triggering event (e.g., when moisture is detected an alert is sent) , in response to a request (e.g., a user initiated request) , or a continuous stream (e.g., a live video feed of a patient) .
[0277] As another example, wireless device QQ300 comprises an actuator, a motor, or a switch, related to a communication interface configured to receive wireless input from a network node via a wireless connection. In response to the received wireless input the states of the actuator, the motor, or the switch may change. For example, wireless device QQ300 may comprise a motor that adjusts the control surfaces or rotors of a drone in flight according to the received input or to a robotic arm performing a medical procedure according to the received input.
[0278] Wireless device QQ300, when in the form of an Internet of Things (IoT) device, may be a device for use in one or more application domains, these domains comprising, but not limited to, wearable technology, extended industrial application and healthcare. Non-limiting examples of such an IoT device are a device which is or which is embedded in: a connected refrigerator or freezer, a TV, a connected lighting device, an electricity meter, a robot vacuum cleaner, a voice controlled smart speaker, a home security camera, a motion detector, a thermostat, a smoke detector, a door / window sensor, a flood / moisture sensor, an electrical door lock, a connected doorbell, an air conditioning system like a heat pump, an autonomous vehicle, a surveillance system, a weather monitoring device, a vehicle parking monitoring device, an electric vehicle charging station, a smart watch, a fitness tracker, a wearable for tactile augmentation or sensory enhancement, a water sprinkler, an animal-or item-tracking device, a sensor for monitoring a plant or animal, an industrial robot, an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) , and any kind of medical device, like a heart rate monitor or a remote controlled surgical robot. In particular embodiments, wireless device QQ300 represents an IoT device that comprises circuitry and / or software in dependence of the intended application of the IoT device in addition to other components as described in relation to the example embodiment of wireless device QQ300 shown in Fig. 11.
[0279] As yet another specific example, in an IoT scenario, wireless device QQ300 may represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and / or measurements, and transmits the results of such monitoring and / or measurements to another wireless device and / or a network node. Wireless device QQ300 may in this case be an M2M device, which may in a 3GPP context be referred to as an MTC device. As one particular example, wireless device QQ300 may implement the 3GPP NB-IoT standard. In other scenarios, wireless device QQ300 may represent a vehicle, such as a car, a bus, a truck, a ship and an airplane, or other equipment that is capable of monitoring and / or reporting on its operational status or other functions associated with its operation.
[0280] In practice, any number of wireless devices QQ300 may be used together with respect to a single use case. For example, a first wireless device QQ300 might be or be integrated in a drone and provide the drone's speed information (obtained through a speed sensor) to a second wireless device QQ300 that is a remote controller operating the drone. When a user makes changes from the remote controller, the first wireless device QQ300 may adjust the throttle on the drone (e.g. by controlling an actuator) to increase or decrease the drone's speed. The first and / or the second wireless device QQ300 can also include more than one of the functionalities described above. For example, wireless device QQ300 might comprise the sensor and the actuator, and handle communication of data for both the speed sensor and the actuators.
[0281] Fig. 12 shows a network node QQ400 in accordance with some embodiments. As used herein, network node refers to equipment capable, configured, arranged and / or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with a UE and / or with other network nodes or equipment, in a telecommunications network. In accordance with respective embodiments, network node QQ400 may be configured to operate in communication system QQ100 of Fig. 9, like network nodes QQ108 or QQ110, or in communication system QQ200 of Fig. 10, like an AP QQ210 or a station QQ212. Examples of network nodes include, but are not limited to, access points (APs) (e.g., radio access points) , base stations (BSs) (e.g., radio base stations, Node Bs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs) and NR NodeBs (gNBs) ) , O-RAN nodes or components of an O-RAN node (e.g., O-RU, O-DU, O-CU) .
[0282] Network nodes QQ400 may be categorized based on the amount of coverage they provide (or, stated differently, their transmit power level) and so, depending on the provided amount of coverage, may be referred to as femto base stations, pico base stations, micro base stations, or macro base stations. Network node QQ400 may be a relay node or a relay donor node controlling a relay. Network nodes QQ400 may also include one or more (or all) parts of a distributed radio base station such as centralized digital units, distributed units (e.g., in an O-RAN access node) and / or remote radio units (RRUs) , sometimes referred to as Remote Radio Heads (RRHs) . Such remote radio units may or may not be integrated with an antenna as an antenna integrated radio. Parts of a distributed radio base station may also be referred to as nodes in a distributed antenna system (DAS) .
[0283] Other examples of network nodes QQ400 include multiple transmission point (multi-TRP) 5G access nodes, multi-standard radio (MSR) equipment such as MSR BSs, network controllers such as radio network controllers (RNCs) or base station controllers (BSCs) , base transceiver stations (BTSs) , transmission points, transmission nodes, multi-cell / multicast coordination entities (MCEs) , Operation and Maintenance (O&M) nodes, Operations Support System (OSS) nodes, Self-Organizing Network (SON) nodes, positioning nodes (e.g., Evolved Serving Mobile Location Centers (E-SMLCs) ) , and / or Minimization of Drive Tests (MDTs) .
[0284] In particular embodiments, network node QQ400 includes a processing circuitry QQ402, a memory QQ404, a communication interface QQ406, and a power source QQ408. In general, in a particular embodiment of network node QQ400, processing circuitry QQ402, memory QQ404, communication interface QQ406, and power source QQ408 may, in whole or in part, represent or include physical components common to or shared by one or more of the other elements of network node QQ400.
[0285] The network node QQ400 may be composed of multiple distinct network entities (e.g., a NodeB entity and a RNC entity, or a BTS entity and a BSC entity, etc. ) , which may each have or utilize their own respective physical components. In certain scenarios in which the network node QQ400 comprises multiple such entities (e.g., BTS and BSC) , one or more of the separate entities may be shared among several network nodes. For example, a single RNC may control multiple NodeBs. In such a scenario, each unique NodeB and RNC pair, may in some instances be considered a single separate network node. In some embodiments, the network node QQ400 may be configured to support multiple radio access technologies (RATs) . In such embodiments, some components may be duplicated (e.g., separate memories QQ404 or portions of memory QQ404 for different RATs) and some components may be reused (e.g., a same antenna QQ410 may be shared by different RATs) . The network node QQ400 may also include multiple sets of the various illustrated components for different wireless technologies integrated into network node QQ400, for example GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, Wi-Fi (e.g., according to an IEEE 802.11 family standard) , Zigbee, Z-wave, LoRaWAN, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) or Bluetooth wireless technologies. These wireless technologies may be integrated into the same or different chip or set of chips and other components within network node QQ400.
[0286] The processing circuitry QQ402 may comprise a combination of one or more of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software and / or encoded logic operable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other components, such as the memory QQ404, to provide network node QQ400 functionality.
[0287] In some embodiments, the processing circuitry QQ402 includes a system on a chip (SOC) . In some embodiments, the processing circuitry QQ402 includes one or more of radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry QQ412 and baseband processing circuitry QQ414. In some embodiments, the RF transceiver circuitry QQ412 and the baseband processing circuitry QQ414 may be on separate chips (or sets of chips) , boards, or units, such as radio units and digital units. In alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry QQ412 and baseband processing circuitry QQ414 may be on the same chip or set of chips, boards, or units.
[0288] The memory QQ404 may comprise any form of volatile or non-volatile computer-readable memory including, without limitation, persistent storage, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , mass storage media (for example, a hard disk) , removable storage media (for example, a flash drive, a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD) ) , and / or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device-readable and / or computer-executable memory devices that store information, data, and / or instructions that may be used by the processing circuitry QQ402. The memory QQ404 may store any suitable instructions, data, or information, including a computer program, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, code, tables, and / or other instructions capable of being executed by the processing circuitry QQ402 and utilized by the network node QQ400. The memory QQ404 may be used to store any calculations made by the processing circuitry QQ402 and / or any data received via the communication interface QQ406. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry QQ402 and memory QQ404 are integrated.
[0289] The communication interface QQ406 is used in wired or wireless communication of signaling and / or data with UEs, other network nodes, and / or any other network equipment. In the illustrated embodiment, communication interface QQ406 comprises port (s) / terminal (s) QQ416 to send and receive data, for example to and from a network over a wired connection. In particular embodiments, network node QQ400 may be capable of wireless communication and communication interface QQ406 may also include radio front-end circuitry QQ418 that may be coupled to, or in certain embodiments a part of, an antenna QQ410. Particular embodiments of radio front-end circuitry QQ418 include filter (s) QQ420 and amplifier (s) QQ422. The radio front-end circuitry QQ418 may be connected to an antenna QQ410 and processing circuitry QQ402. The radio front-end circuitry may be configured to condition signals communicated between antenna QQ410 and processing circuitry QQ402. The radio front-end circuitry QQ418 may receive digital data that is to be sent out to other network nodes or UEs via a wireless connection. The radio front-end circuitry QQ418 may convert the digital data into a radio signal (s) having the appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filters QQ420 and / or amplifiers QQ422. The radio signal (s) may then be transmitted via the antenna QQ410. Similarly, when receiving data, the antenna QQ410 may collect radio signals which are then converted into digital data by the radio front-end circuitry QQ418. The digital data may be passed to the processing circuitry QQ402. In other embodiments, the communication interface may comprise different components and / or different combinations of components.
[0290] In certain alternative embodiments, network node QQ400 may be capable of wireless communication but does not include separate radio front-end circuitry QQ418, instead, the processing circuitry QQ402 includes radio front-end circuitry and is connected to the antenna QQ410. Similarly, in some embodiments, all or some of the RF transceiver circuitry QQ412 is part of the communication interface QQ406. In still other embodiments, the communication interface QQ406 includes one or more ports or terminals QQ416, the radio front-end circuitry QQ418, and the RF transceiver circuitry QQ412, as part of a radio unit (not shown) , and the communication interface QQ406 communicates with the baseband processing circuitry QQ414, which is part of a digital unit (not shown) .
[0291] The antenna QQ410 may include one or more antennas, or antenna arrays, configured to send and / or receive wireless signals. The antenna QQ410 may be coupled to the radio front-end circuitry QQ418 and may be any type of antenna capable of transmitting and receiving data and / or signals wirelessly. In certain embodiments, the antenna QQ410 is separate from the network node QQ400 and connectable to the network node QQ400 through one or more interfaces or ports.
[0292] The antenna QQ410, communication interface QQ406, and / or the processing circuitry QQ402 may be configured to perform some or all of the receiving operations and / or obtaining operations described herein as being performed by the network node QQ400. Any information, data and / or signals may be received from a UE, another network node and / or any other network equipment. Similarly, the antenna QQ410, the communication interface QQ406, and / or the processing circuitry QQ402 may be configured to perform some or all of the transmitting or sending operations described herein as being performed by the network node QQ400. Any information, data and / or signals may be transmitted to a UE, another network node and / or any other network equipment.
[0293] The power source QQ408 provides power to the various components of network node QQ400 in a form suitable for the respective components (e.g., at a voltage and current level needed for each respective component) . The power source QQ408 may further comprise, or be coupled to, power management circuitry to supply the components of the network node QQ400 with power for performing the functionality described herein. For example, the network node QQ400 may be connectable to an external power source (e.g., the power grid, an electricity outlet) via an input circuitry or interface such as an electrical cable, whereby the external power source supplies power to power circuitry of the power source QQ408. As a further example, the power source QQ408 may comprise a source of power in the form of a battery or battery pack which is connected to, or integrated in, power circuitry. The battery may provide backup power should the external power source fail.
[0294] Embodiments of the network node QQ400 may include additional components beyond those shown in Fig. 12 for providing certain aspects of the network node's functionality, including any of the functionality described herein and / or any functionality necessary to support the subject matter described herein. For example, the network node QQ400 may include user interface equipment to allow input of information into the network node QQ400 and to allow output of information from the network node QQ400. This may allow a user to perform diagnostic, maintenance, repair, and other administrative functions for the network node QQ400.
[0295] The present disclosure is described above with reference to the embodiments thereof. However, those embodiments are provided just for illustrative purpose, rather than limiting the present disclosure. The scope of the disclosure is defined by the attached claims as well as equivalents thereof. Those skilled in the art can make various alternations and modifications without departing from the scope of the disclosure, which all fall into the scope of the disclosure.
Claims
1.A method (600) at a terminal device (100) , the method (600) comprising:transmitting (S610) , to a network node (105, 105-1, 105-2) , one or more replicas of a contention-based Message 3 (CB-Msg3) within a Diversity Slotted Aloha (DSA) window; andmonitoring (S620) a Message 4 (Msg4) within one or more Msg4 windows in response to the one or more replicas of the CB-Msg3.2.The method (600) of claim 1, wherein the monitoring (S620) a Msg4 within a Msg4 window comprises:starting a timer associated with the Msg4 window; andmonitoring a Msg4 in the Msg4 window until the timer is expired.3.The method (600) of claim 2, wherein the timer is started with a timer value less than or equal to the duration of the Msg4 window.4.The method (600) of claim 2 or 3, wherein the timer is started with a timer value that is preconfigured, configured, or standardized.5.The method (600) of any of claims 2 to 4, wherein the timer is started with a timer value that is selected from a group comprising at least one of:- a common timer value;- a timer value associated with the DSA window length of the DSA window;- a timer value associated with a CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster, in which at least one of the replicas is transmitted;- a timer value associated with a combination of the DSA window length and the CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster;- a timer value associated with a combination of a number of CB-Msg3 occasions per CB-Msg3 occasion group and a number of CB-Msg3 occasion groups per CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster;- a timer value associated with the number of CB-Msg3 occasion group clusters in the DSA window;- a timer value associated with the number of CB-Msg3 occasion groups in the DSA window;- a timer value associated with the number of CB-Msg3 occasions in the DSA window; and- a common timer value associated with each CB-Msg3 transmission in the DSA window.6.The method (600) of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein a Msg4 window has a duration that is selected from a group comprising at least one of:- the duration of a single Narrowband Physical Downlink Control Channel (NPDCCH) transmission occasion;- the duration of a single NPDCCH transmission together with Narrowband Physical Downlink Shared Channel (NPDSCH) transmission resources allocated by the NPDCCH transmission;- the length of the interval between two CB-Msg3 occasions in the time domain;- one or more inter-CB-Msg3 occasion time domain intervals;- a certain time period; and- a certain number of radio interface time structure units.7.The method (600) of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein a Msg4 window has a duration that is preconfigured, configured, or standardized.8.The method (600) of any of claims 1 to 7, wherein there is a first delay between a CB-Msg3 occasion, in which a replica of a CB-Msg3 is transmitted, and an associated Msg4 window; wherein the first delay is preconfigured, configured, or standardized.9.The method (600) of claim 8, wherein the first delay is determined based on at least one of:- the maximum Round Trip Time (RTT) between the terminal device (100) and the network node (105, 105-1, 105-2) expected in the cell;- the maximum switch time between transmission and reception at the terminal device (100) ; and- the time that the network node (105, 105-1, 105-2) needs to process a received Msg3 and prepare a corresponding Msg4.10.The method (600) of any of claims 8 to 9, wherein the first delay is determined by:DCB-Msg3_occasion_to_Msg4_window = max (TUE_Tx / Rx_switch, RTTUE-eNB_max + Tprocessing_eNB)where DCB-Msg3_occasion_to_Msg4_window is the first delay, TUE_Tx / Rx_switch is the maximum switch time between transmission and reception at the terminal device (100) , RTTUE-eNB_max is the maximum RTT between the terminal device (100) and the network node (105, 105-1, 105-2) expected in the cell, and Tprocessing_eNB is the time that the network node (105, 105-1, 105-2) needs to process a received Msg3 and prepare a corresponding Msg4.11.The method (600) of any of claims 8 to 10, wherein the first delay is defined in terms of radio interface downlink time structure unit.12.The method (600) of any of claims 1 to 11, wherein there is a second delay between the end of a DSA window, in which one or more replicas of CB-Msg3 are transmitted, and the start of an associated Msg4 window; wherein the second delay is determined based on at least one of:- the RTT between the terminal device (100) and the network node (105, 105-1, 105-2) ;- the switch time between uplink and downlink at the terminal device (100) ; and- the time that the network node (105, 105-1, 105-2) needs to process a received Msg3 and prepare a corresponding Msg4 with margin.13.The method (600) of claim 12, wherein the second delay is determined by:DUE_wait = max (DRTT + DeNB_proc_margin, DUL / DL_switch)where DUE_wait is the second delay, DUL / DL_switch is the switch time between uplink and downlink at the terminal device (100) , DRTT is the RTT between the terminal device (100) and the network node (105, 105-1, 105-2) , and DeNB_proc_margin is the time that the network node (105, 105-1, 105-2) needs to process a received Msg3 and prepare a corresponding Msg4 with margin.14.The method (600) of any of claims 1 to 13, wherein there is a third delay between the end of a CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster, in which one or more replicas of CB-Msg3 are transmitted, and the start of an associated Msg4 window;wherein the third delay is determined based on at least one of:- the RTT between the terminal device (100) and the network node (105, 105-1, 105-2) ;- the switch time between uplink and downlink at the terminal device (100) ; and- the time gap between the end of the DSA window containing the CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster and the end of the CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster.15.The method (600) of claim 16, wherein the third delay is determined by: where Ddelay3 is the third delay, DUL / DL_switch is the switch time between uplink and downlink at the terminal device (100) , DRTT is the RTT between the terminal device (100) and the network node (105, 105-1, 105-2) , and Tgap2 is the time gap between the end of the DSA window containing the CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster and the end of the CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster.16.The method (600) of any of claims 1 to 15, wherein a provision point for Msg4 monitoring is configured by the network node (105, 105-1, 105-2) at the end of at least one of CB-Msg3 occasion groups in the DSA window.17.The method (600) of claim 16, wherein when one or more replicas of CB-Msg3 are transmitted between a previous provision point and a current provision point, there is a fourth delay between the end of the current provision point and the start of an associated Msg4 window;wherein the fourth delay is determined based on at- the RTT between the terminal device (100) and the network node (105, 105-1, 105-2) ;- the switch time between uplink and downlink at the terminal device (100) ; and- the time gap between the end of the DSA window containing the current provision point and the current provision point.18.The method (600) of any of claims 16 to 17, wherein the fourth delay is determined by: where Ddelay4 is the fourth delay, DUL / DL_switch is the switch time between uplink and downlink at the terminal device (100) , DRTT is the RTT between the terminal device (100) and the network node (105, 105-1, 105-2) , and Tgap3 is the time gap between the end of the DSA window containing the current provision point and the current provision point.19.The method (600) of any of claims 1 to 18, further comprising:receiving, from the network node (105, 105-1, 105-2) , a message indicating one or more configurations for Msg4 reception; anddetermining at least one of the configurations to be adopted by the terminal device (100) based on at least the type and / or the capability of the terminal device (100) ;wherein when the terminal device (100) does not support full-duplex Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) , a configuration indicating that the terminal device (100) is to receive Msg4 after a DSA window in which one or more replicas of a corresponding Msg3 are transmitted is adopted; or when the terminal device (100) supports full-duplex FDD, a configuration indicating that the terminal device (100) is to receive Msg4 within a DSA window in which one or more replicas of a corresponding Msg3 are transmitted is adopted.20.The method (600) of claim 19, wherein which of the configurations is adopted by the terminal device (100) is notified to the network node (105, 105-1, 105-2) by at least one of:- an indication in the CB-Msg3; and- the CB-Msg3 occasion in which the CB-Msg3 is transmitted.21.The method (600) of any of claims 1 to 20, wherein there is a fifth delay between the end of a CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster, in which one or more replicas of CB-Msg3 are transmitted, and the start of an associated Msg4 window; wherein the fifth delay is determined based on at least one of:- the RTT between the terminal device (100) and the network node (105, 105-1, 105-2) ; and- the switch time between uplink and downlink at the terminal device (100) .22.The method (600) of claim 21, wherein the fifth delay is determined by: where Ddelay5 is the fifth delay, DUL / DL_switch is the switch time between uplink and downlink at the terminal device (100) , and DRTT is the RTT between the terminal device (100) and the network node (105, 105-1, 105-2) .23.The method (600) of any of claims 1 to 22, further comprising at least one of:performing a new CB-Msg3 attempt when a Msg4 acknowledging at least one of the transmitted CB-Msg3 replicas is received, there is still uplink (UL) data to be transmitted, and CB-Msg3 can be used; andperforming a CB-Msg3 reattempt when none of the transmitted CB-Msg3 replicas is acknowledged and reattempt is still allowed.24.The method (600) of any of claims 1 to 23, wherein the new CB-Msg3 attempt and / or the CB-Msg3 reattempt are performed in any of the following ways:performing the new CB-Msg3 attempt and / or the CB-Msg3 reattempt in a subsequent DSA window after the Msg4 windows in which the terminal device (100) has monitored Msg4 for the latest transmitted CB-Msg3 replicas in the previous DSA window;performing the new CB-Msg3 attempt and / or the CB-Msg3 reattempt in a DSA window after the DSA window in which the terminal device (100) has just performed CB-Msg3 transmissions; andperforming the new CB-Msg3 attempt and / or the CB-Msg3 reattempt in the same DSA window as one or more previous replicas were transmitted in, if the Msg4 window overlaps with the DSA window and the DSA window continues after the end of the Msg4 window.25.The method (600) of any of claims 1 to 24, wherein the terminal device (100) is an Internet of Things (IoT) Non Terrestrial Network (NTN) User Equipment (UE) ,wherein the network node (105, 105-1, 105-2) is an evolved Node B (eNB) .26.A terminal device (100, 800) , comprising:a processor (806) ;a memory (808) storing instructions which, when executed by the processor (806) , cause the terminal device (100, 800) to perform the method (600) of any of claims 1 to 25.27.A method (700) at a network node (105, 105-1, 105-2) , the method (700) comprising:receiving (S710) , from a terminal device (100) , one or more replicas of a contention-based Message 3 (CB-Msg3) within a Diversity Slotted Aloha (DSA) window; andtransmitting (S720) , to the terminal device (100) , a Message 4 (Msg4) within one or more Msg4 windows in response to the one or more replicas of the CB-Msg3.28.The method (700) of claim 27, further comprising:configuring the terminal device (100) with a timer associated with a Msg4 window, such that the terminal device (100) is allowed to monitor a Msg4 in the Msg4 window until the timer is expired.29.The method (700) of claim 28, wherein the configured timer has a timer value less than or equal to the duration of the Msg4 window.30.The method (700) of claim 28 or 29, wherein the configured timer has a timer value that is selected from a group comprising at least one of:- a common timer value;- a timer value associated with the DSA window length of the DSA window;- a timer value associated with a CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster, in which at least one of the replicas is transmitted;- a timer value associated with a combination of the DSA window length and the CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster;- a timer value associated with a combination of a number of CB-Msg3 occasions per CB-Msg3 occasion group and a number of CB-Msg3 occasion groups per CB-Msg3 occasion group cluster;- a timer value associated with the number of CB-Msg3 occasion group clusters in the DSA window;- a timer value associated with the number of CB-Msg3 occasion groups in the DSA window;- a timer value associated with the number of CB-Msg3 occasions in the DSA window; and- a common timer value associated with each CB-Msg3 transmission in the DSA window.31.The method (700) of any of claims 27 to 30, wherein a Msg4 window has a duration that is selected from a group comprising at least one of:- the duration of a single Narrowband Physical Downlink Control Channel (NPDCCH) transmission occasion;- the duration of a single NPDCCH transmission together with Narrowband Physical Downlink Shared Channel (NPDSCH) transmission resources allocated by the NPDCCH transmission;- the length of the interval between two CB-Msg3 occasions in the time domain;- one or more inter-CB-Msg3 occasion time domain intervals;- a certain time period; and- a certain number of radio interface time structure units.32.The method (700) of any of claims 27 to 31, wherein there is a sixth delay between reception of a replica of the CB-Msg3 and an associated Msg4 window.33.The method (700) of claim 32, wherein the sixth delay is determined based on at least one of:-the maximum Round Trip Time (RTT) between the terminal device (100) and the network node (105, 105-1, 105-2) expected in the cell;- the maximum switch time between transmission and reception at the terminal device (100) ; and- the time that the network node (105, 105-1, 105-2) needs to process a received Msg3 and prepare a corresponding Msg4.34.The method (700) of claim 32 or 33, wherein the sixth delay is determined by:D6 = TUE_Tx / Rx_switch -RTTUE-eNB_maxorD6 = Tprocessing_eNBwhere D6 is the sixth delay, TUE_Tx / Rx_switch is the maximum switch time between transmission and reception at the terminal device (100) , RTTUE-eNB_max is the maximum RTT between the terminal device (100) and the network node (105, 105-1, 105-2) expected in the cell, and Tprocessing_eNB is the time that the network node (105, 105-1, 105-2) needs to process a received Msg3 and prepare a corresponding Msg4;wherein the sixth delay is defined in terms of radio interface downlink time structure unit.35.The method (700) of any of claims 27 to 34, wherein there is a seventh delay between the end of a DSA window, in which one or more replicas of CB-Msg3 are received, and the start of an associated Msg4 window;wherein the seventh delay is determined based on at least one of:- the maximum RTT between the terminal device (100) and the network node (105, 105-1, 105-2) expected in the cell;- the switch time between uplink and downlink at the terminal device (100) ; and- the time that the network node (105, 105-1, 105-2) needs to process a received Msg3 and prepare a corresponding Msg4 with margin; and- the time that the network node (105, 105-1, 105-2) actually needs process a received Msg3 and prepare a corresponding Msg4.36.The method (700) of claim 35, wherein when the DSA window is defined in terms of radio interface time structure units, the seventh delay is determined by:DeNB_wait = max (DRTT_max + DeNB_proc_margin, DUL / DL_switch) -DeNB_proc_actualwhere DeNB_wait is the seventh delay, DUL / DL_switch is the switch time between uplink and downlink at the terminal device (100) , DRTT_max is the maximum RTT between the terminal device (100) and the network node (105, 105-1, 105-2) expected in the cell, DeNB_proc_margin is the time that the network node (105, 105-1, 105-2) needs to process a received Msg3 and prepare a corresponding Msg4 with margin, and DeNB_proc_actual is the time that the network node (105, 105-1, 105-2) actually needs process a received Msg3 and prepare a corresponding Msg4; or wherein when the DSA window is defined in terms of absolute time, the seventh delay is determined by:where DeNB_wait_alt_with_absolute_DSA_window_time is the seventh delay, DUL / DL_switch is the switch time between uplink and downlink at the terminal device (100) , DRTT_max is the maximum RTT between the terminal device (100) and the network node (105, 105-1, 105-2) expected in the cell, DRTT_min is the minimum RTT between the terminal device (100) and the network node (105, 105-1, 105-2) expected in the cell, DeNB_proc_margin is the time that the network node (105, 105-1, 105-2) needs to process a received Msg3 and prepare a corresponding Msg4 with margin, and DeNB_proc_actual is the time that the network node (105, 105-1, 105-2) actually needs process a received Msg3 and prepare a corresponding Msg4.37.The method (700) of any of claims 27 to 36, further comprising:transmitting, to the terminal device (100) , a message indicating one or more configurations for Msg4 reception, such that the terminal device (100) is enabled to determine at least one of the configurations to be adopted by the terminal device (100) based on at least the type and / or the capability of the terminal device (100) .38.The method (700) of claim 37, wherein which of the configurations is adopted by the terminal device (100) is notified to the network node (105, 105-1, 105-2) by at least one of:- an indication in the CB-Msg3; and- the CB-Msg3 occasion in which the CB-Msg3 is transmitted.39.The method (700) of any of claims 27 to 38, wherein a group of consecutive CB-Msg3 occasions are mapped to a same Msg4 Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) ;wherein the terminal device (100) is an Internet of Things (IoT) Non Terrestrial Network (NTN) User Equipment (UE) ,wherein the network node (105, 105-1, 105-2) is an evolved Node B (eNB) .40.A network node (105, 105-1, 105-2, 800) , comprising:a processor (806) ;a memory (808) storing instructions which, when executed by the processor (806) , cause the network node (105, 105-1, 105-2, 800) to perform the method of any of claims 27-30.