Pathloss compensation configuration

Abstract

A method includes receiving, by a user device from a network node, information of a pathloss compensation configuration; obtaining assistance information of the network node; determining, at least partially based on the information of the pathloss compensation configuration and the assistance information, a resource scaling factor for an uplink transmission to or a downlink reception from the network node; and performing the uplink transmission or the downlink reception based on the resource scaling factor.

Description

PATHLOSS COMPENSATION CONFIGURATION TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] This description relates to wireless communications.BACKGROUND

[0002] A communication system may be a facility that enables communication between two or more nodes or devices, such as fixed or mobile communication devices. Signals can be carried on wired or wireless carriers.

[0003] An example of a cellular communication system is an architecture that is being standardized by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). A recent development in this field is often referred to as the long-term evolution (LTE) of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) radio-access technology. EUTRA (evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access) is the air interface of 3GPP’s Long Term Evolution (LTE) upgrade path for mobile networks. In LTE, base stations or access points (APs), which are referred to as enhanced Node AP (eNBs), provide wireless access within a coverage area or cell. In LTE, mobile devices, or mobile stations are referred to as user equipments (UE). LTE has included a number of improvements or developments. Aspects of LTE are also continuing to improve.

[0004] 5G New Radio (NR) development is part of a continued mobile broadband evolution process to meet the requirements of 5G, similar to earlier evolution of 3G and 4G wireless networks. In addition, 5G is also targeted at the new emerging use cases in addition to mobile broadband. A goal of 5G is to provide significant improvement in wireless performance, which may include new levels of data rate, latency, reliability, and security. 5G NR may also scale to efficiently connect the massive Internet of Things (loT) and may offer new types of mission-critical services. For example, ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC) devices may require high reliability and very low latency. 6G and other networks are also being developed.SUMMARY

[0005] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to an apparatus including: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: receiving from a network node, information of a pathloss compensation configuration; obtaining assistance information of the network node; determining, at least partially based on the information of the pathloss compensation configuration and the assistance information, a resource scaling factor for anuplink transmission or a downlink reception to / from the network node; and performing the uplink transmission or the downlink reception based on the resource scaling factor.

[0006] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to an apparatus including: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: transmitting to a user device, information of a pathloss compensation configuration; transmitting assistance information of the apparatus; and receiving the uplink transmission based on a resource scaling factor determined at least partially based on the information of the pathloss compensation configuration and the assistance information.

[0007] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to an apparatus including: means for receiving, by a user device from a network node, information of a pathloss compensation configuration; means for obtaining assistance information of the network node; means for determining, at least partially based on the information of the pathloss compensation configuration and the assistance information, a resource scaling factor for an uplink transmission or a downlink reception to / from the network node; and means for performing the uplink transmission or the downlink reception based on the resource scaling factor.

[0008] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to an apparatus including: means for transmitting, by a network node to a user device, information of a pathloss compensation configuration; means for transmitting assistance information of the network node; and means for receiving the uplink transmission based on a resource scaling factor determined at least partially based on the information of the pathloss compensation configuration and the assistance information.

[0009] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method including: receiving, by a user device from a network node, information of a pathloss compensation configuration; obtaining assistance information of the network node; determining, at least partially based on the information of the pathloss compensation configuration and the assistance information, a resource scaling factor for an uplink transmission or a downlink reception to / from the network node; and performing the uplink transmission or the downlink reception based on the resource scaling factor.

[0010] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method including: transmitting, by a network node to a user device, information of a pathloss compensation configuration; transmitting assistance information of the network node; and receiving theuplink transmission based on a resource scaling factor determined at least partially based on the information of the pathloss compensation configuration and the assistance information.

[0011] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to an apparatus including: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: receiving from a network node, information of a pathloss compensation configuration for an uplink transmission or a downlink reception, the information including at least one of: at least one repetition parameter associated with at least one elevation angle of the network node with respect to a reference position within a serving cell of the network node; or at least one modulation coding scheme, MCS, index parameter associated with the at least one elevation angle; obtaining assistance information of the network node; determining, based on the assistance information, an elevation angle of the network node corresponding to a time of the uplink transmission or a time of the downlink reception; selecting at least one of: a repetition parameter of the at least one repetition parameter, or a MCS index parameter of the at least one MCS index parameter associated with the determined elevation angle; and performing the uplink transmission or the downlink reception based on the selected at least one of: the repetition parameter or the MCS index parameter.

[0012] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to an apparatus including: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: transmitting to a user device, information of a pathloss compensation configuration for an uplink transmission or a downlink reception, the information including at least one of: at least one repetition parameter associated with at least one elevation angle of the network node with respect to a reference position within a serving cell of the apparatus; or at least one modulation coding scheme, MCS, index parameter associated with the at least one elevation angle; transmitting assistance information of the apparatus; and receiving the uplink transmission based on at least one of: a repetition parameter of the at least one repetition parameter, or a MCS index parameter of the at least one MCS index parameter.

[0013] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to an apparatus including: means for receiving, by a user device from a network node, information of a pathloss compensation configuration for an uplink transmission or a downlink reception, the information including at least one of: at least one repetition parameter associated with at least one elevation angle of the network node with respect to a reference position within a serving cell of the network node; or at least one modulation coding scheme, MCS, index parameterassociated with the at least one elevation angle; means for obtaining assistance information of the network node; means for determining, based on the assistance information, an elevation angle of the network node corresponding to a time of the uplink transmission or a time of the downlink reception; means for selecting at least one of: a repetition parameter of the at least one repetition parameter, or a MCS index parameter of the at least one MCS index parameter associated with the determined elevation angle; and means for performing the uplink transmission or the downlink reception based on the selected at least one of: the repetition parameter or the MCS index parameter.

[0014] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to an apparatus including: means for transmitting, by a network node to a user device, information of a pathloss compensation configuration for an uplink transmission or a downlink reception, the information including at least one of: at least one repetition parameter associated with at least one elevation angle of the network node with respect to a reference position within a serving cell of the network node; or at least one modulation coding scheme, MCS, index parameter associated with the at least one elevation angle; means for transmitting assistance information of the network node; and means for receiving the uplink transmission based on at least one of: a repetition parameter of the at least one repetition parameter, or a MCS index parameter of the at least one MCS index parameter.

[0015] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method including: receiving, by a user device from a network node, information of a pathloss compensation configuration for an uplink transmission or a downlink reception, the information including at least one of: at least one repetition parameter associated with at least one elevation angle of the network node with respect to a reference position within a serving cell of the network node; or at least one modulation coding scheme, MCS, index parameter associated with the at least one elevation angle; obtaining assistance information of the network node; determining, based on the assistance information, an elevation angle of the network node corresponding to a time of the uplink transmission or a time of the downlink reception; selecting at least one of: a repetition parameter of the at least one repetition parameter, or a MCS index parameter of the at least one MCS index parameter associated with the determined elevation angle; and performing the uplink transmission or the downlink reception based on the selected at least one of: the repetition parameter or the MCS index parameter.

[0016] In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a method including: transmitting, by a network node to a user device, information of a pathloss compensation configuration for an uplink transmission or a downlink reception, the information including atleast one of: at least one repetition parameter associated with at least one elevation angle of the network node with respect to a reference position within a serving cell of the network node; or at least one modulation coding scheme, MCS, index parameter associated with the at least one elevation angle; transmitting assistance information of the network node; and receiving the uplink transmission based on at least one of: a repetition parameter of the at least one repetition parameter, or a MCS index parameter of the at least one MCS index parameter.

[0017] Other example embodiments are provided or described for each of the example methods, including: means for performing any of the example methods; a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions stored thereon that, when executed by at least one processor, are configured to cause a computing system to perform any of the example methods; and an apparatus including at least one processor, and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform any of the example methods.

[0018] The details of one or more examples of embodiments are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a wireless network.

[0020] FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating operation of an apparatus (e.g., which may be a UE or a user device, or other apparatus).

[0021] FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating operation of an apparatus (e.g., which may be a network node, a gNB, an eNB, or other apparatus).

[0022] FIG. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating an aspect of an example embodiment.

[0023] FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating an aspect of an example embodiment.

[0024] FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating operation of an apparatus (e.g., which may be a UE or user device, or other apparatus).

[0025] FIG. 7 is a flow chart illustrating operation of an apparatus (e.g., which may be a network node, a gNB, an eNB, or other apparatus).

[0026] FIG. 8 is a flow diagram illustrating an aspect of an example embodiment.

[0027] FIG. 9 is a flow diagram illustrating an aspect of an example embodiment.

[0028] FIG. 10A is a diagram illustrating an elevation angle and a slant range.

[0029] FIG. 10B is a graph illustrating a free space path loss between a low earth orbit satellite (in 600 km orbit) and the UE as a function of the elevation angle.

[0030] FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating change of pathloss with a moving satellite position.

[0031] FIG. 12 A is a diagram illustrating an aspect of a resource allocation with respect to different elevation angles.

[0032] FIG. 12B is a flow diagram illustrating an aspect of a resource allocation with respect to different elevation angles.

[0033] FIG. 12C is a flow diagram illustrating an aspect of a resource allocation with respect to different elevation angles.

[0034] FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a wireless station or node (e.g., UE, user device, AP, BS, eNB, gNB, RAN node, network node, TRP, or other node) according to an example embodiment.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] It shall be understood that although the terms “first,” “second,”..., etc., in front of noun(s) and the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another and they do not limit the order of the noun(s). For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.

[0036] As used herein, unless stated explicitly, performing a step “in response to A” does not indicate that the step is performed immediately after “A” occurs and one or more intervening steps may be included.

[0037] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a wireless network 130. In the wireless network 130 of FIG. 1, user devices 131, 132, 133 and 135, which may also be referred to as mobile stations (MSs) or user equipment (UEs), may be connected (and in communication) with a base station (BS) 134, which may also be referred to as an access point (AP), an enhanced Node B (eNB), a gNB, or a RAN (radio access network) node.. BS (or AP) 134 provides wireless coverage within a cell 136, including to user devices (or UEs) 131, 132, 133 and 135. BS 134 is also connected to a core network 150 via a N2 or NG interface 151. Although only four user devices (or UEs) are shown as being connected or attached to one BS 134, any number of user devices and / or BS may be provided.

[0038] At least part of the functionalities of a BS (e.g., NG-RAN, gNB, access point (AP), base station (BS) or (e)Node B (eNB), RAN node) may also be carried out by any node, server or host which may be operably coupled to a transceiver, such as a remote radio head. For instance, some functionalities of a BS may be carried out, at least partly, in a central / centralized unit, CU and / or a distributed unit, DU. Thus, 5G networks architecture may be based on a so-called CU-DU split. The gNB-CU (central node) may control a plurality of spatially separated gNB-DUs, acting at least as transmit / receive (Tx / Rx) nodes. In some embodiments, however, the gNB-DUs (also called DU) may comprise e.g., a radio link control (RLC), medium access control (MAC) layer and a physical (PHY) layer, whereas the gNB-CU (also called a CU) may comprise the layers above RLC layer, such as a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio resource control (RRC) and an internet protocol (IP) layer. Other functional splits are possible too.

[0039] According to an illustrative example, a radio access network (RAN) may be part of a mobile telecommunication system. A RAN may include one or more BSs or RAN nodes that implement a radio access technology, e.g., to allow one or more UEs to have access to a network or core network (CN). Thus, for example, the RAN (RAN nodes, such as BSs or gNBs) may reside between one or more user devices or UEs and a core network. According to an example embodiment, each RAN node (e.g., BS, eNB, gNB, CU / DU,...) or BS may provide one or more wireless communication services for one or more UEs or user devices, e.g., to allow the UEs to have wireless access to a network, via the RAN node. Each RAN node or BS may perform or provide wireless communication services, e.g., such as allowing UEs or user devices to establish a wireless connection to the RAN node, and sending data to and / or receiving data from one or more of the UEs. For example, after establishing a connection to a UE, a RAN node or network node (e.g., BS, eNB, gNB, CU / DU,...) may forward data to the UE that is received from a network or the core network, and / or forward data received from the UE to the network or core network. RAN nodes or network nodes (e.g., BS, eNB, gNB, CU / DU,...) may perform a wide variety of other wireless functions or services, e.g., such as broadcasting control information (e.g., such as system information or on-demand system information) to UEs, paging UEs when there is data to be delivered to the UE, assisting in handover of a UE between cells, scheduling of resources for uplink data transmission from the UE(s) and downlink data transmission to UE(s), sending configuration information to configure one or more UEs, and the like. These are a few examples of one or more functions that a RAN node or BS may perform.

[0040] A user device or user node (user terminal, user equipment (UE), mobile terminal, handheld wireless device, etc.) may refer to a portable computing device that includes wireless mobile communication devices operating either with or without a subscriber identification module (SIM), including, but not limited to, the following types of devices: a mobile station (MS), a mobile phone, a cell phone, a smartphone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a handset, a device using a wireless modem (alarm or measurement device, etc.), a laptop and / or touch screen computer, a tablet, a phablet, a game console, a notebook, a vehicle, a drone, a sensor, and a multimedia device, as examples, or any other wireless device. It should be appreciated that a user device may also be (or may include) a nearly exclusive uplink only device, of which an example is a camera or video camera loading images or video clips to a network. Also, a user node may include a user equipment (UE), a user device, a user terminal, a mobile terminal, a mobile station, a mobile node, a subscriber device, a subscriber node, a subscriber terminal, or other user node. For example, a user node may be used for wireless communications with one or more network nodes (e.g., gNB, eNB, BS, AP, CU, DU, CU / DU) and / or with one or more other user nodes, regardless of the technology or radio access technology (RAT).

[0041] In 5G (which may be referred to as New Radio (NR)) (as an illustrative example), core network 150 may be referred to 5G core network (5GC), which may include an access and mobility management function (AMF). For the example, the AMF may include the following functionalities (e.g., some of the AMF functionalities may be supported in a single instance of an AMF): termination of RAN control plane (CP) interface (N2), termination of non-access stratum (NAS) (or Nl), NAS ciphering and integrity protection, registration management, connection management, reachability management, mobility management, lawful intercept, and / or the like. The 5GC may also include a session management function (SMF) that may include one or more of the following functionalities (one or more of the SMF functionalities may be supported in a single instance of a SMF): session management (e.g. session establishment, modification and release, including tunnel maintenance between a user plane function (UPF) and BS 134), IP address allocation & management (including optional authorization), selection and control of UPF(s), configuration of traffic steering at a UPF to route traffic to proper destination, and / or the like. In LTE (as an illustrative example), core network 150 may be referred to as Evolved Packet Core (EPC), which may include a mobility management entity (MME) which may handle or assist with mobility / handover of user devices between BSs, one or more gateways that may forward data and control signalsbetween the BSs and packet data networks or the Internet, and other control functions or blocks.

[0042] In addition, the techniques described herein may be applied to various types of user devices or data service types, or may apply to user devices that may have multiple applications running thereon that may be of different data service types. New Radio (5G) development may support a number of different applications or a number of different data service types, such as for example: machine type communications (MTC), enhanced machine type communication (eMTC), Internet of Things (loT), and / or narrowband loT user devices, enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), and ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC). Many of these new 5G (NR) - related applications may require generally higher performance than previous wireless networks.

[0043] loT may refer to an ever-growing group of objects that may have Internet or network connectivity, so that these objects may send information to and receive information from other network devices. For example, many sensor type applications or devices may monitor a physical condition or a status and may send a report to a server or other network device, e.g., when an event occurs. Machine Type Communications (MTC, or Machine to Machine communications) may, for example, be characterized by fully automatic data generation, exchange, processing and actuation among intelligent machines, with or without intervention of humans. Enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) may support much higher data rates than currently available in LTE.

[0044] Ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC) is a new data service type, or new usage scenario, which may be supported for New Radio (5G) systems. This enables emerging new applications and services, such as industrial automations, autonomous driving, vehicular safety, e-health services, and so on. 3GPP targets in providing connectivity with reliability corresponding to block error rate (BLER) of 10-5and up to 1 ms U-Plane (user / data plane) latency, by way of illustrative example. Thus, for example, URLLC user devices / UEs may require a significantly lower block error rate than other types of user devices / UEs as well as low latency (with or without requirement for simultaneous high reliability). Thus, for example, a URLLC UE (or URLLC application on a UE) may require much shorter latency, as compared to an eMBB UE (or an eMBB application running on a UE).

[0045] The techniques described herein may be applied to a wide variety of wireless technologies or wireless networks, such as 5G (New Radio (NR)), cmWave, and / or mmWave band networks, loT, MTC, eMTC, eMBB, URLLC, 6G, etc., or any other wireless networkor wireless technology. These example networks, technologies or data service types are provided only as illustrative examples.

[0046] A configured grant (CG) type 1, or configured grant small data transmission (CG-SDT) may include physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmissions on radio resource control (RRC) configured periodic resources, thereby allowing uplink (UL) transmissions for a UE in a RRC_INACTIVE state.

[0047] Link adaptation may include adapting a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) based on downlink (DL) or UL channel measurements for dynamically scheduled transmissions, e.g., when the UE is in a RRC_CONNECTED state.

[0048] Narrowband loT (NB-IoT), eMTC coverage enhancement with encoded transport block repetitions may be implemented by indication of a repetition number as part of (or via) downlink control information (DCI).

[0049] In 5G NR, the CG-SDT feature may enable a UE to transmit small data with pre-configured MCS and radio resources. The UE does not need to enter RRC_CONNECTED state before data transmission and network can save the DCI required for PUSCH scheduling. As a result, both signaling overhead and the UE power consumption may be reduced. This is beneficial for the loT devices that often have sporadic and small-size data to transmit in a low power wide area (LPWA) network.

[0050] Non-terrestrial networks (NTN), e.g., satellite-based networks, may be deployed in a rural or remote area to support LPWA services. In rural area environments, the UE-to-satellite link may be a line-of-sight (LOS) link. A probability of LOS may increase with the satellite’s elevation angle. When the link is LOS, the propagation loss is mainly determined by free space path loss with a shadow fading effect. In a case of non-LOS (NLOS), however, the link may additionally experience a 16 dB - 20 dB clutter loss and more severe shadow fading, leading to a high likelihood of link failure.

[0051] The free space path loss (FSPL) may be a function of the distance between the UE and a satellite node (i.e., the slant range) d and the carrier frequency fc. When FSPL is expressed in dB, the FSPL may be calculated as FSPL = 20 log10(d) + 20 log10(fc) + 92.45, where d is in kilometers and fcis in GHz. For a non-geostationary satellite in a certain orbit, the slant range d may depend on the elevation angle 9 between the UE and satellite. As the satellite moves in the orbit, FSPL of the NTN link may change with the elevation angle.

[0052] Accordingly, the FSPL is a primary propagation loss for data transmissions in NTN, when an elevation angle changes, a problem may arise with a wide range (variation) of FSPL, e.g., for semi-statically configured transmissions like CG-SDT. For example, if thenetwork (satellite) configures the transmission conservatively based on the highest FSPL, radio resources (or network resources) may be over-allocated most of the time, leading to a low spectral efficiency. If the network configures the transmission based on a lower FSPL, the transmission will fail when the link experiences a higher path loss. As a result, resources are not allocated efficiently and performance of the system is degraded.

[0053] Example embodiments enable enhancement of the communication system performance by improving a reliability of CG transmissions in NTN. The improvements may be made by adjusting parameters of UL transmissions based on a pathloss between a UE and the satellite.

[0054] In an example, a UE may receive from a network node (e.g., the satellite, a base station, a satellite base station, a gNB, an eNB, and / or the like), information of a pathloss compensation configuration. The UE may receive (or obtain) assistance information of the network node (or satellite). For example, the assistance information may be transmitted as part of a system information block (SIB) broadcast, e.g., SIB 19, or transmitted as part of a RRC message, or the like. The UE may determine a resource scaling factor for an uplink transmission to or a downlink reception from the network node. The UE may determine the resource scaling factor at least partially based on the information of the pathloss compensation configuration and the assistance information. The UE may perform the uplink transmission and / or a downlink reception based on the resource scaling factor. For example, the UE may transmit uplink data to the network node based on the resource scaling factor. As another example, the UE may receive downlink data from the network node based on the resource scaling factor. For example, the uplink transmission and / or downlink transmission may be performed based on one or more configuration parameters that are determined based on the resource scaling factor. In other words, the uplink transmission or the downlink reception may be performed at least in part based on the one or more configuration parameters (or configuration of resources, e.g., repetition parameter, MCS index parameter, and / or the like) used for the uplink transmission or the downlink reception. In an example, the resource scaling factor may be employed to determine the one or more configuration parameters (or configuration of resources, e.g., repetition parameter, MCS index parameter, and / or the like) for both the uplink transmission and the downlink reception.

[0055] Wireless connections in the NTN are most likely LOS connections where the propagation loss is predominantly due to free space pathloss. The pathloss may change (or vary) according to the satellite movement, position, trajectory, channel conditions, and / or the like. The UE and the network node may employ the assistance information, e.g., thesatellite’s ephemeris information and a reference position within a serving cell of the network node (e.g., a serving cell center location), to calculate (or determine) a pathloss parameter (e.g., a value in dB) and determine a resource scaling factor for an uplink transmission to or a downlink reception from the network node.

[0056] Therefore, as an example the UE may adjust parameters of the uplink transmission or the downlink reception in a way to avoid overallocation of radio or network resources while preventing failures of uplink transmissions. To achieve a proper uplink transmission or the downlink reception while compensating for the dynamics of the pathloss due to the satellite movements and varying channel conditions, the satellite may provide configuration information, and / or (NTN) assistance information to the UE. The UE may employ the configuration information and / or the assistance information to determine the resource scaling factor based on which the repetition parameter, the MCS index, and / or the MCS index adjustment parameter may be determined. Alternately, the UE may employ the configuration information and the assistance information to directly adjust the repetition parameter, and / or the MCS index. The uplink transmission (e.g., PUSCH) or the downlink reception may be performed based on the repetition parameter, the MCS index, and / or the MCS index adjustment parameter. For example, the MCS may refer to modulation and coding scheme that may define a modulation scheme, an order of a modulation, and / or a number of useful bits which can be carried by one symbol. For example, a symbol may be defined as resource element (RE) and MCS may be defined as how many useful bits can be transmitted per RE. The MCS may depend on radio signal quality in a wireless link, e.g., a better quality link may yield a higher MCS and more useful bits that may be transmitted within a symbol. On the other hand, a poor signal quality may yield a lower MCS that may be indicative of less useful data that may be transmitted within a symbol. In addition, the MCS may be indicative of a code rate. For example, the code rate may be defined as a ratio between useful bits and total transmitted bits (e.g., useful bits + redundant bits). The repetition parameter may be indicative (or a determinant) of repeated (re-)transmission of uplink (or PUSCH) in consecutive slots. Such repetition may also be referred to slot aggregation that may improve the uplink coverage (e.g., at a cell edge) where a probability of incorrectly decoding PUSCH is high. As a result, the UE may (re-)transmit PUSCH in consecutive slots instead of waiting for a response or confirmation from the gNB or satellite. The repetition parameter may be indicative of an adjustment parameter such as a repetition adjustment parameter. For example, the adjustment may be with respect to a previously configured repetition parameter e.g., via RRC signaling, configured grant configuration, and / or the like. The adjustment mayinclude increasing, decreasing, or multiplying by a multiplier factor, e.g., M. When a repetition or a slot aggregation is employed, uplink (data) transmission may span over multiple slots, e.g., the UE may transmit the same transport block (TB) across a(pre-configured) number of consecutive slots. Similarly, the UE may also adjust parameters (e.g., the repetition parameter, and / or the MCS index) of the downlink reception as described above.

[0057] FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating operation of an apparatus (e.g., which may be a UE or a user device, or other apparatus). Operation 210 includes receiving, by a user device from a network node, information of a pathloss compensation configuration. Operation 220 includes obtaining assistance information of the network node. Operation 230 includes determining, at least partially based on the information of the pathloss compensation configuration and the assistance information, a resource scaling factor for an uplink transmission to or a downlink reception from the network node. In an example, the resource scaling factor may be employed to determine the one or more configuration parameters (or configuration of resources, e.g., repetition parameter, MCS index parameter, and / or the like) for the uplink transmission and / or the downlink reception. Operation 240 includes performing the uplink transmission or the downlink reception based on the resource scaling factor.

[0058] FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating operation of an apparatus (e.g., which may be a network node, a gNB, an eNB, or other apparatus). Operation 310 includes transmitting, by network node to a user device, information of a pathloss compensation configuration.Operation 320 includes transmitting assistance information of the network node. Operation 330 includes receiving the uplink transmission based on a resource scaling factor determined at least partially based on the information of the pathloss compensation configuration and the assistance information.With respect to the method described in FIG. 2, and FIG. 3, the UE may transition to a RRC_INACTIVE state. For example, the uplink transmission (e.g., that may include SDT) or the downlink reception may be performed while the UE is in the RRC_INACTIVE state. In an example, the UE may be or may transition to a RRC_IDLE state. Example embodiments may be applicable to a UE in RRC_INACTIVE state, and / or RRC_IDLE state.

[0059] With respect to the method described in FIG. 2, and FIG. 3, the assistance information may include: location information associated with a reference position within a serving cell of the network node, ephemeris information of the network node or satellite, and / or the like. For example, the ephemeris information may include at least one of: positioninformation of the network node with respect to time, velocity of the network node, and / or the like.

[0060] With respect to the method described in FIG. 2, and FIG. 3, the information of the pathloss compensation configuration may include at least one of: a reference position within a serving cell of the network, a reference position of the network node with respect to the reference position within a serving cell, a reference pathloss parameter, and / or the like. For example, the reference position within the serving cell may be provided to the UE as part of the SIB. For example, the SIB may be cell specific and different cells may be served by the same satellite.

[0061] With respect to the method described in FIG. 2, and FIG. 3, the UE may determine a pathloss parameter based on a distance between the reference position within the serving cell of the network node and a position of the network node corresponding to a time of the uplink transmission or a time of the downlink reception. For example, the determining the resource scaling factor may be based on the pathloss parameter and the reference pathloss parameter. As an example, the distance may be determined based on the assistance information received from the network node, the SIB broadcast, and / or the like.

[0062] With respect to the method described in FIG. 2, and FIG. 3, the UE may determine based on the resource scaling factor, at least one of: a repetition parameter, a modulation coding scheme (MCS) index adjustment parameter, and / or the like. The repetition parameter may be a repetition adjustment parameter. The repetition parameter may be indicative of a number of repetitions associated with an encoded block, a transport block, the number of repetitions for an uplink transmission (e.g., a PUSCH transmission) or a downlink reception, and / or the like. For example, the repetition parameter may include a repetition multiplier M based on which the number of repetitions is determined. Alternatively, the repetition parameter may be indicative of a (scaled) number of repetitions (r x M), where r is a number of repetitions indicated by a repK factor within a CG configuration. As an example, a configured grant (CG) configuration may include a parameter such as a repetition factor (repK) together with a MCS index. This repetition parameter may include a multiplier, M, that may be applied to repK. For example, if repK=4 in CG configuration and the multiplier M is 2, then the encoded block may be transmitted 4x2=8 times. Alternatively, the MCS index adjustment parameter (d), may indicate a value based on which the MCS index may be incremented or decremented.

[0063] In an example, the UE may receive at least one of: a mapping between the resource scaling factor and the repetition parameter, a mapping between the resource scalingfactor and the MCS index parameter, and / or the like. For example, the UE may determine the repetition parameter and / or the MCS index parameter based on at least one of: the mapping between the resource scaling factor and the repetition parameter, a mapping between the resource scaling factor and the MCS index parameter, and / or the like.

[0064] With respect to the method described in FIG. 2, and FIG. 3, the uplink transmission or the downlink reception may be further based on the repetition parameter and the MCS index adjustment parameter.

[0065] With respect to the method described in FIG. 2, and FIG. 3, the assistance information may include at least one of: the repetition parameter, the MCS index adjustment parameter, and / or the like. For example, the UE may select or adjust the repetition parameter, the MCS index, and / or the like based on the repetition parameter, the MCS index adjustment parameter, d.

[0066] With respect to the method described in FIG. 2, and FIG. 3, the information of the pathloss compensation configuration may be indicative of enabling (or activating) of a pathloss compensation. For example, UE may be capable of performing procedures pertaining to the pathloss compensation and enabling the pathloss compensation may trigger performing methods described in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3.

[0067] With respect to the method described in FIG. 2, and FIG. 3, the UE may receive from the network node the information of the pathloss compensation configuration as part of (or via) at least one of: a configured grant (CG) configuration message, a RRC message; a medium access control control element (MAC-CE), a system information (e.g., SIB) broadcast, and / or the like.

[0068] With respect to the method described in FIG. 2, and FIG. 3, the UE may receive from the network node the assistance information as part of (via) a system information (e.g., SIB, SIB1, SIB 19, and / or the like) broadcast.

[0069] With respect to the method described in FIG. 2, and FIG. 3, the UE may receive from the network node an indication of a maximum allowed resource scaling factor. For example, the UE may receive the indication from the network node as part of (or via) at least one of: a SIB broadcast, the information of the pathloss compensation configuration, and / or the like.

[0070] FIG. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating an aspect of an example embodiment. The UE may derive a MCS index adjustment parameter and / or a repetition parameter (e.g., a repetition adjustment parameter). For example, the UE may receive a CG configuration message (e.g., RRC configuredGrantConfig information element). The CG configurationmessage may include information of the pathloss compensation configuration. The information of the pathloss compensation configuration may be indicative of enabling (or activating) of a pathloss compensation, and indicating that the reference pathloss parameter may be used as the basis for a pathloss compensation. After the configuration, UE may transition to RRC_INACTIVE state. When the UE has data to transmit at the scheduled time, the UE may read / decode / obtain the SIB (e.g., SIB 19 in NR) that may include NTN assistance information. The NTN assistance information may include ephemeris information (of the satellite) and a reference position within a serving cell of the network node (e.g., a cell center location), for UL synchronization and location reporting purposes. The UE may employ the NTN assistance information to calculate the distance between the satellite and the reference position within the serving cell of the network node, and use that distance to calculate current free pathloss from the satellite to the reference position within the serving cell of the network node.

[0071] At step 1 of FIG. 4, a UE may transmit to a gNB a channel state information (CSI) report. At step 2, the gNB may determine repetition parameters, and / or a MCS index adjustment parameter based on a reference pathloss parameter (PLO). At step 3, the gNB may transmit to the UE, a CG configuration message that may include information of a pathloss compensation configuration for an uplink transmission, and / or a reference pathloss parameter (PLO). At step 4, the UE may receive from the gNB a RRC release message. At step 5, based on the RRC release message, the UE may transition to RRC_INACTIVE state. At step 6, the UE may determine to perform an uplink transmission based on arrival of data (e.g., from upper layers of a protocol stack). At step 7, the UE may obtain (or determine to decode) SIB 19 transmitted from the gNB. The SIB 19 may include NTN assistance information. At step 8A, the UE may calculate a resource scaling factor, at least partially based on the information of the pathloss compensation configuration and the assistance information. At step 8B, the gNB may calculate a resource scaling factor, at least partially based on the information of the pathloss compensation configuration and the assistance information. At step 9A, the UE may adjust or select a repetition parameter and a MCS index adjustment parameter. At step 9B, the gNB may select a repetition parameter and a MCS index adjustment parameter. At step 10, the UE may perform the uplink transmission (e.g., a PUSCH transmission) with the adjusted repetition and the MCS index (adjustment) parameter. At step 11, the gNB may decode the PUSCH based on the selected or adjusted repetition parameter and / or the MCS index adjustment parameter.

[0072] FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating an aspect of an example embodiment. The gNB (or satellite) may determine adjustments of CG transmissions according to a position of the satellite position. Parameters (M, d) at a given time may be broadcast in SIB, e.g., in SIB 19 in conjunction with other NTN assistance information. When configured with CG with NTN pathloss compensation enabled, UE may use the signaled values of M and d in SIB to adjust a repetition parameter and / or a MCS adjustment parameter for the scheduled uplink transmissions. Since the parameters are to be used by all the UEs in a cell, the gNB may use a common reference pathloss parameter (PLO) corresponding to a satellite position to derive (M, d) for the cell.

[0073] At step 1 of FIG. 5, the UE may transmit to a gNB a channel state information (CSI) report. At step 2, the gNB may determine the number of repetitions, and / or a MCS index based on reference pathloss parameter (PLO). At step 3, the gNB may transmit to the UE, an indication of pathloss compensation. At step 4, the UE may receive from the gNB a RRC release message. At step 5, based on the RRC release message, the UE may transition to RRC_INACTIVE state. At step 6, the gNB may determine or estimate a resource scaling factor at least partially based on the information of the pathloss compensation configuration and the assistance information. At step 7, the gNB may adjust or select the repetition parameter, and / or the MCS index adjustment parameter. At step 8, the UE may determine to perform an uplink transmission based on arrival of data (e.g., from upper layers of a protocol stack). At step 9, the UE may obtain (or determine to decode) NTN assistance information e.g., as part of a SIB or SIB19 transmitted from the gNB. For example, the SIB or SIB19 may include the repetition parameter (M), and / or the MCS index adjustment parameter (d), determined / selected by the gNB. At step 10, the UE may perform the uplink transmission (e.g., a PUSCH transmission) with the adjusted repetition and the MCS index (adjustment) parameter that is obtained via the SIB or SIB 19. At step 11, the gNB may decode the PUSCH based on the selected or adjusted repetition parameter and / or the MCS index adjustment parameter.

[0074] Additionally or alternatively, example embodiments enable enhancement of the communication system performance by enabling the UE to select a proper repetition parameter and / or the MCS index parameter. The network node may provide a table of values corresponding to M and d for different elevation angles, and the UE may select a proper value of the M and d accordingly. Alternatively, the UE may receive multiple CG configurations that may include repetition numbers and MCS indexes and select a proper configuration based on an elevation angle restriction.

[0075] In an example, a UE may receive from a network node, information of a pathloss compensation configuration for an uplink transmission or a downlink reception. For example, the information may include at least one of: at least one repetition parameter associated with at least one elevation angle of the network node with respect to a reference position within a serving cell of the network node; and / or at least one MCS index parameter associated with the at least one elevation angle. The UE may receive or obtain assistance information of the network node, e.g., as part of a SIB broadcast, or the like. The UE may determine, based on the assistance information, an elevation angle of the network node. The determined elevation angle may correspond to a time of the uplink transmission or a time of the downlink reception. The UE may select at least one of: a repetition parameter of the at least one repetition parameter, and / or a MCS index parameter of the at least one MCS index parameter associated with the determined elevation angle. The UE may perform the uplink transmission or the downlink reception based on the selected at least one of: the repetition parameter or the MCS index parameter. The UE may also perform a downlink reception based on the selected at least one of the repetition parameter, and / or the MCS index parameter.

[0076] FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating operation of an apparatus (e.g., which may be a UE or user device, or other apparatus). Operation 610 may include receiving, by a user device from a network node, information of a pathloss compensation configuration for an uplink transmission or a downlink reception, the information comprising at least one of: at least one repetition parameter associated with at least one elevation angle of the network node with respect to a reference position within a serving cell of the network node; or at least one modulation coding scheme, MCS, index parameter associated with the at least one elevation angle. Operation 620 may include obtaining assistance information of the network node. Operation 630 may include determining, based on the assistance information, an elevation angle of the network node corresponding to a time of the uplink transmission or a time of the downlink reception. Operation 640 may include selecting at least one of: a repetition parameter of the at least one repetition parameter, or a MCS index parameter of the at least one MCS index parameter associated with the determined elevation angle. Operation 650 may include performing the uplink transmission or the downlink reception based on the selected at least one of: the repetition parameter or the MCS index parameter.

[0077] FIG. 7 is a flow chart illustrating operation of an apparatus (e.g., which may be a network node, a gNB, an eNB, or other apparatus). Operation 710 includes transmitting, by a network node to a user device, information of a pathloss compensation configuration for an uplink transmission or a downlink reception, the information comprising at least one of:at least one repetition parameter associated with at least one elevation angle of the network node with respect to a reference position within a serving cell of the network node; or at least one modulation coding scheme, MCS, index parameter associated with the at least one elevation angle. Operation 720 includes transmitting assistance information of the network node. Operation 730 includes receiving the uplink transmission based on at least one of: a repetition parameter of the at least one repetition parameter, or a MCS index parameter of the at least one MCS index parameter.

[0078] With respect to the method described in FIG. 6, and FIG. 7, wherein the UE may transition to a RRC_INACTIVE state. For example, the uplink transmission may be a SDT. The uplink transmission or the downlink reception may be performed while the UE is in the RRC_INACTIVE state. In an example, the UE may be or may transition to a RRC_IDLE state. Example embodiments may be applicable to a UE in RRC_INACTIVE state, and / or RRC_IDLE state.

[0079] With respect to the method described in FIG. 6, and FIG. 7, the assistance information may include: location information associated with the reference position within the serving cell of the network node, ephemeris information of the network node, and / or the like. For example, the ephemeris information may include at least one of: position information of the network node with respect to time, velocity of the network node, and / or the like.

[0080] With respect to the method described in FIG. 6, and FIG. 7, the information of the pathloss compensation configuration may be indicative of enabling or activating a pathloss compensation.

[0081] With respect to the method described in FIG. 6, and FIG. 7, the at least one repetition parameter may include at least one repetition adjustment parameter. The at least one modulation coding scheme, MCS, index parameter may include at least one MCS index adjustment parameter. In an example, the information may include at least one of: a mapping between an elevation angle and at least one repetition adjustment parameter, a mapping between the elevation angle and at least one MCS index adjustment parameter, and / or the like.

[0082] With respect to the method described in FIG. 6, and FIG. 7, the at least one repetition parameter may include one or more repetition numbers, and the at least one MCS index parameter may include one or more MCS indexes. In an example, the UE may receive an indication of elevation angle restrictions. The indication of elevation angle restrictions may be indicative of at least one elevation angle range for selecting a repetition number of the one or more repetition numbers, and / or a MCS index of the one or more MCS indexes. Forexample, the UE may select the at least one of: the repetition number and / or the MCS index based on the indication of elevation angle restrictions.

[0083] With respect to the method described in FIG. 6, and FIG. 7, the UE may receive the information of the pathloss compensation configuration as part of (or via) at least one of: a configured grant configuration message, a RRC, message, a MAC-CE, a system information broadcast (such as a SIB, SIB1, SIB19), and / or the like.

[0084] With respect to the method described in FIG. 6, and FIG. 7, the UE may receive the assistance information as part of (or via) a system information broadcast. For example, the system information broadcast may include a SIB, SIB1, SIB19, and / or the like.

[0085] FIG. 8 is a flow diagram illustrating an aspect of an example embodiment. The gNB may pre-calculate repetition parameters and MCS index parameters (e.g., M, and d) values for different elevation angles. For satellites at a certain altitude, an elevation angle from a reference position within a serving cell of the network node (or center of a serving cell) may correspond to a pathloss parameter, and the required adjustments of the parameters M and d (M, d) may be determined for the desired pathloss compensation. The gNB may provide an adjustment table of the MCS index parameter and the repetition parameter. The table may include different (M, d) parameters for different elevation angle (ranges) in a CG configuration. The UE may estimate the elevation angle from (NTN) assistance information in SIB19 and may determine the MCS index parameter and the repetition parameter (e.g., a repetition adjustment parameter) according to the CG configuration.

[0086] At step 1 of FIG. 8, the UE may transmit to the gNB a channel state information (CSI) report. At step 2, the gNB may determine a repetition parameter, and / or a MCS index parameter based on a reference pathloss parameter. At step 3, the gNB may transmit to the UE, information of a pathloss compensation configuration for an uplink transmission, and / or a table including a mapping between an elevation angle and the at least one repetition parameter, a mapping between the elevation angle and the at least one MCS index parameter, and / or the like. At step 4, the UE may receive from the gNB a RRC release message. At step 5, based on the RRC release message, the UE may transition to RRC_INACTIVE state. At step 6, the UE may determine to perform an uplink transmission based on arrival of data (e.g., from upper layers of a protocol stack). At step 7, the UE may obtain (or determine to decode) SIB19 transmitted from the gNB. At step 8A, the UE may calculate an elevation angle based on the assistance information in SIB 19. At step 8B, the gNB may calculate an elevation angle based on the network node’s current position. At step 9A, the UE may adjust or select a repetition parameter and a MCS index parameter based on the calculated elevation anglefrom step 8 A. At step 9B, the gNB may select a repetition parameter and a MCS index parameter based on its calculated elevation angle from step 8B. At step 10, the UE may perform the uplink transmission (e.g., a PUSCH transmission) with the adjusted repetition and the MCS index (adjustment) parameter. At step 11, the gNB may decode the PUSCH based on the selected or adjusted repetition parameter and / or the MCS index parameter.

[0087] FIG. 9 is a flow diagram illustrating an aspect of an example embodiment. At step 1, a gNB may determine multiple CG configurations based on a reference pathloss (PLO). At step 2, the UE may receive from the gNB, the multiple CG configurations based on a reference pathloss (PLO). The gNB may provide multiple CG-SDT configurations based on satellite positions (e.g., one configuration for elevation angle < 20 degrees, one for 20-30 degrees, and / or the like). For example, the MCS index, the number of repetitions (repK) and / or frequency allocation parameters may be different in each of the multiple CG configurations, while the other parameters may be common. In other words, multiple CG configurations such as {repK_l, MCS_1,...}, {repK_2, MCS_2,...},..., and {repK_n, MCS_n,... }, may be provided to the UE as part of the CG configurations. At step 3, the gNB may transmit (or provide) to the UE elevation angle restrictions or pathloss mapping restrictions for the CG-SDT configurations. For example, an elevation angle range may be mapped to at least one CG via an RRC configuration. An example configuration may be formatted as follows.CG-SDT-ElevationAngle-Restriction::= SEQUENCE {elevation Angle Elevation AngleRange,allowedCG-List SEQUENCE (SIZE(0...maxNrofConfiguredGrantConfigMAC)) OFConfiguredGrantConfiglndexMAC}

[0088] Multiple elevation angle restrictions (for different elevation angle ranges) may be provided, for example, via a CG-SDT-ElevationAngle-RestrictionToAddModList parameter. At step 4, the UE may receive from the gNB a RRC release message. At step 5, based on the RRC release message, the UE may transition to RRC_INACTIVE state. At step 6, the UE may determine to perform an uplink transmission based on arrival of data (e.g., from upper layers of a protocol stack). At step 7, the UE may obtain (or determine to decode) SIB 19 transmitted from the gNB. At step 8A, the UE may calculate an elevation angle. At step 8B, the gNB may calculate an elevation angle. At step 9A, the UE may select a CG configurationof the multiple CG configurations that is allowed for the elevation angle. At step 9B, the gNB may select a CG configuration of the multiple CG configurations that is allowed for the elevation angle. At step 10, the UE may perform the uplink transmission (e.g., a PUSCH transmission) based on selected CG configuration. At step 11, the gNB may decode the PUSCH based on the selected CG configuration.

[0089] FIG. 10A is a diagram illustrating an elevation angle and a slant range. The free space path loss (FSPL) may be a function of the distance between the UE and a satellite node (e.g., the slant range) d and the carrier frequency fc. When FSPE is expressed in dB, the FSPE may be calculated as FSPL = 20 log10(d) + 20 log10(fc) + 92.45, where d is in kilometers and fcis in GHz. For a non-geostationary satellite in a certain orbit, the slant range d may depend on the elevation angle 9 between the UE and satellite. As the satellites moves in the orbit, FSPE of the satellite (NTN) link may change with the elevation angle.

[0090] FIG. 10B is a graph illustrating a free space path loss between a low earth orbit satellite (in 600 km orbit) and the UE as a function of the elevation angle. During the connection time served by the satellite, the elevation angle may potentially span from 10° to 90° and back to 10°, accompanied with it a wide range of FSPL. This wide swing of path loss is shown in FIG. 10B, using LEO satellite in 600 km orbit and 900 MHz carrier frequency as an example, where the FSPL changes more than 10 dB from elevation angle 10° to 90°.

[0091] FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating change of pathloss with a moving satellite position. The pathloss parameter at time t is depicted by PL(t). The change in a value of the pathloss parameter with respect to a reference pathloss parameter (PL0) may be due to satellite motion. As an example, the CG configuration message may provide configuration for change of pathloss parameter ( PL ) in dB scale as APL = PL(t) - PL0. For example, the pathloss for which a compensation is required may be given by the PL. For example, the compensation may include selecting or adjusting the repetition parameter and / or the MCS index parameter. For example, if the pathloss increases by 3 dB, a value of the repetition parameter may be scaled, or increased by a factor of 2 (e.g., 3 dB) for the uplink transmission to offset the pathloss increase. Therefore, the resource scaling factor in dB unit for the (scheduled) uplink transmission may be based on the pathloss change, e.g., S= PL(t) - PL0. Based on the resource scaling factor, the UE may determine the repetition parameter (e.g., adjustment of the repetition parameter) and a MCS index parameter for the uplink transmission For example, if the configured repetition number and the MCS index are respectively r and 1, then after the adjustment, the repetition number may be r x M and theMCS index may be 1+d, where M may be an adjustment factor for the repetition parameter or the repetition number, and d may be an adjustment factor for the MCS index.

[0092] With respect to the diagram of FIG. 11, and the method of FIG. 6 - FIG. 9, a set of possible values may be pre-defined for M and d, considering the range of changes in the value of the pathloss parameter caused by the satellite motion. For example, in case of a low earth orbit (LEO) 600 km satellite, the range of changes in the value of the pathloss parameter may be approximately 10 dB. A set of possible M values: M 6 {1, 2, 4, 8} (corresponding to 0, 3, 6, 9 dB respectively) and a set of possible d values: d G {— 1, 0, 1} may be used to cover the range of 10 dB change. For example, changing the MCS index to the next higher / lower value may lead to a 1 dB higher / lower required SINR. Selecting M and d from the pre-defined sets, may cover the resource scaling factor from 0 to 10 dB in 1 dB granularity. In this case, the network may use the least FSPL (when the satellite is at the zenith), and the resource scaling factor S falls in the range from 0 to 10 dB over the course of the entire connection time. Alternatively, a table that maps S to (M, d) may be specified, configured, or signaled to UE by the network, network node, the gNB, the satellite, and / or the like.

[0093] FIG. 12 A is a diagram illustrating an aspect of a resource allocation with respect to different elevation angles. According to an example, CG resources may contract or expand with the resource scaling factor S and adapt to the pathloss changes due to satellite motion. At a low elevation angle, the pathloss may be larger and CG resource occupancy is expanded as shown in the diagram 1215. At a high elevation angle, the pathloss may be smaller and CG resource occupancy may be contracted as shown in diagram 1210. The network node may monitor the maximum occupancy used by CG when the satellite is at the lowest elevation angle. If the expansion of CG resources causes too much overlap between different UEs, a high level of co-channel interference may occur and the transmitted signals may be corrupted. The network node may restrict CG resource occupancy by setting a maximum limit for the resource scaling factor S.

[0094] FIG. 12B is a flow diagram illustrating an aspect of a resource allocation with respect to different elevation angles. The network node may monitor to ensure sufficient resources are available for CG retransmissions. The CG retransmissions may use the same frequency allocation (for example, due to bandwidth limitation of the UE), therefore some resources in the time domain may have to be reserved. The network node may allocate reserved resources 1220 when CG occupancy is high at a low elevation angle of the satellite.

[0095] FIG. 12C is a flow diagram illustrating an aspect of a resource allocation with respect to different elevation angles. The network node may use or allocate a separate set of frequency resources 1230 for the CG retransmission.

[0096] FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a wireless station or node (e.g., UE, user device, AP, BS, eNB, gNB, RAN node, network node, TRP, or other node) 1300 according to an example embodiment. The wireless station 1300 may include, for example, one or more (e.g., two as shown in FIG. 13) RF (radio frequency) or wireless transceivers 1302A, 1302B, where each wireless transceiver includes a transmitter to transmit signals and a receiver to receive signals. The wireless station also includes a processor 1304 or control unit / entity (controller 1308) to execute instructions or software and control transmission and receptions of signals, and a memory 1306 to store data and / or instructions.

[0097] Processor 1304 may also make decisions or determinations, generate frames, packets or messages for transmission, decode received frames or messages for further processing, and other tasks or functions described herein. Processor 1304, which may be a baseband processor, for example, may generate messages, packets, frames or other signals for transmission via wireless transceiver 1302 (1302A or 1302B). Processor 1304 may control transmission of signals or messages over a wireless network, and may control the reception of signals or messages, etc., via a wireless network (e.g., after being down-converted by wireless transceiver 1302, for example). Processor 1304 may be programmable and capable of executing software or other instructions stored in memory or on other computer media to perform the various tasks and functions described above, such as one or more of the tasks or methods described above. Processor 1304 may be (or may include), for example, hardware, programmable logic, a programmable processor that executes software or firmware, and / or any combination of these. Using other terminology, processor 1304 and transceiver 1302 together may be considered as a wireless transmitter / receiver system, for example.

[0098] In addition, referring to FIG. 13, a controller 1308 (or processor 1304) may execute software and instructions, and may provide overall control for the station 1300, and may provide control for other systems not shown in FIG. 13, such as controlling input / output devices (e.g., display, keypad), and / or may execute software for one or more applications that may be provided on wireless station 1300, such as, for example, an email program, audio / video applications, a word processor, a Voice over IP application, or other application or software.

[0099] In addition, a storage medium may be provided that includes stored instructions, which when executed by a controller or processor may result in the processor 1304, or other controller or processor, performing one or more of the functions or tasks described above.

[0100] According to another example embodiment, RF or wireless transceiver(s) 1302A / 1302B may receive signals or data and / or transmit or send signals or data. Processor 1304 (and possibly transceivers 1302A / 1302B) may control the RF or wireless transceiver 1302 A or 1302B to receive, send, broadcast or transmit signals or data.

[0101] Example embodiments are provided or described for each of the example methods, including: An apparatus (e.g., 1300, FIG. 13) including means (e.g., processor 1304, RF transceivers 1302A and / or 1302B, and / or memory 1306, in FIG. 13) for carrying out any of the methods; a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium (e.g., memory 1306, FIG. 13) comprising instructions stored thereon that, when executed by at least one processor (processor 1304, FIG. 13), are configured to cause a computing system (e.g., 1300, FIG. 13) to perform any of the example methods; and an apparatus (e.g., 1300, FIG. 13) including at least one processor (e.g., processor 1304, FIG. 13), and at least one memory (e.g., memory 1306, FIG. 13) including computer program code, the at least one memory (1306) and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor (1304), cause the apparatus (e.g., 1300) at least to perform any of the example methods.

[0102] Embodiments of the various techniques described herein may be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, or in computer hardware, firmware, software, or in combinations of them. Embodiments may be implemented as a computer program product, i.e., a computer program tangibly embodied in an information carrier, e.g., in a machine-readable storage device or in a propagated signal, for execution by, or to control the operation of, a data processing apparatus, e.g., a programmable processor, a computer, or multiple computers. Embodiments may also be provided on a computer-readable medium or computer-readable storage medium, which may be a non-transitory medium. Embodiments of the various techniques may also include embodiments provided via transitory signals or media, and / or programs and / or software embodiments that are downloadable via the Internet or other network(s), either wired networks and / or wireless networks. In addition, embodiments may be provided via machine type communications (MTC), and also via an Internet of Things (IOT).

[0103] As used in this application, the term “circuitry” or “circuit” refers to all of the following: (a) hardware-only circuit implementations, such as implementations in only analog and / or digital circuitry, and (b) combinations of circuits and soft-ware (and / orfirmware), such as (as applicable): (i) a combination of processor(s) or (ii) portions of processor(s) / software including digital signal processor(s), software, and memory(ies) that work together to cause an apparatus to perform various functions, and (c) circuits, such as a microprocessor(s) or a portion of a microprocessor(s), that require software or firmware for operation, even if the software or firmware is not physically present. This definition of “circuitry” applies to all uses of this term in this application. As a further example, as used in this application, the term “circuitry” would also cover an implementation of merely a processor (or multiple processors) or a portion of a processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term “circuitry” would also cover, for example and if applicable to the particular element, a baseband integrated circuit or applications processor integrated circuit for a mobile phone or a similar integrated circuit in a server, a cellular network device, or another network device.

[0104] The computer program may be in source code form, object code form, or in some intermediate form, and it may be stored in some sort of carrier, distribution medium, or computer-readable medium, which may be any entity or device capable of carrying the program. Such carriers include a record medium, computer memory, read-only memory, photoelectrical and / or electrical carrier signal, telecommunications signal, and software distribution package, for example. Depending on the processing power needed, the computer program may be executed in a single electronic digital computer, or it may be distributed amongst a number of computers.

[0105] Furthermore, embodiments of the various techniques described herein may use a cyber-physical system (CPS) (a system of collaborating computational elements controlling physical entities). CPS may enable the embodiment and exploitation of massive amounts of interconnected ICT devices (sensors, actuators, processors microcontrollers,...) embedded in physical objects at different locations. Mobile cyber physical systems, in which the physical system in question has inherent mobility, are a subcategory of cyber-physical systems.Examples of mobile physical systems include mobile robotics and electronics transported by humans or animals. The rise in popularity of smartphones has increased interest in the area of mobile cyber-physical systems. Therefore, various embodiments of techniques described herein may be provided via one or more of these technologies.

[0106] A computer program, such as the computer program(s) described above, can be written in any form of programming language, including compiled or interpreted languages, and can be deployed in any form, including as a standalone program or as a module, component, subroutine, or other unit or part of it suitable for use in a computing environment.A computer program can be deployed to be executed on one computer or on multiple computers at one site or distributed across multiple sites and interconnected by a communication network.

[0107] Method steps may be performed by one or more programmable processors executing a computer program or computer program portions to perform functions by operating on input data and generating output. Method steps also may be performed by, and an apparatus may be implemented as, special purpose logic circuitry, e.g., an FPGA (field programmable gate array) or an ASIC (application specific integrated circuit).

[0108] Processors suitable for the execution of a computer program include, by way of example, both general and special purpose microprocessors, and any one or more processors of any kind of digital computer, chip or chipset. Generally, a processor will receive instructions and data from a read-only memory or a random access memory or both. Elements of a computer may include at least one processor for executing instructions and one or more memory devices for storing instructions and data. Generally, a computer also may include, or be operatively coupled to receive data from or transfer data to, or both, one or more mass storage devices for storing data, e.g., magnetic, magnetooptical disks, or optical disks.Information carriers suitable for embodying computer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory, including by way of example semiconductor memory devices, e.g., EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, e.g., internal hard disks or removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks. The processor and the memory may be supplemented by, or incorporated in, special purpose logic circuitry.

[0109] To provide for interaction with a user, embodiments may be implemented on a computer having a display device, e.g., a cathode ray tube (CRT) or liquid crystal display (LCD) monitor, for displaying information to the user and a user interface, such as a keyboard and a pointing device, e.g., a mouse or a trackball, by which the user can provide input to the computer. Other kinds of devices can be used to provide for interaction with a user as well; for example, feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback, e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback; and input from the user can be received in any form, including acoustic, speech, or tactile input.

[0110] Embodiments may be implemented in a computing system that includes a backend component, e.g., as a data server, or that includes a middleware component, e.g., an application server, or that includes a frontend component, e.g., a client computer having a graphical user interface or a Web browser through which a user can interact with anembodiment, or any combination of such backend, middleware, or frontend components. Components may be interconnected by any form or medium of digital data communication, e.g., a communication network. Examples of communication networks include a local area network (LAN) and a wide area network (WAN), e.g., the Internet.

[0111] While certain features of the described embodiments have been illustrated as described herein, many modifications, substitutions, changes and equivalents will now occur to those skilled in the art. It is, therefore, to be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and changes as fall within the true spirit of the various embodiments.

[0112] Some examples will be described.

[0113] Example 1. An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: receiving from a network node, information of a pathloss compensation configuration; obtaining assistance information of the network node; determining, at least partially based on the information of the pathloss compensation configuration and the assistance information, a resource scaling factor for an uplink transmission to or a downlink reception from the network node; and performing the uplink transmission or the downlink reception based on the resource scaling factor.

[0114] Example 2. The apparatus of Example 1, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform transitioning to a radio resource control inactive state, RRC_INACTIVE state, and wherein the uplink transmission or the downlink reception is performed while in the RRCJNACTIVE state.

[0115] Example 3. The apparatus of Example 1 or 2, wherein the assistance information comprises: location information associated with a reference position within a serving cell of the network node; and ephemeris information of the network node wherein the ephemeris information comprises at least one of: position information of the network node with respect to time; or velocity of the network node.

[0116] Example 4. The apparatus of any one of Examples 1 to 3, wherein the information of the pathloss compensation configuration comprises at least one of: a reference position within a serving cell of the network node; or a reference pathloss parameter.

[0117] Example 5. The apparatus of Example 4, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform determining a pathloss parameter based on a distance between the reference position within the serving cell of the network node and a position of the network node corresponding to a time of the uplink transmission or a time of the downlink reception,wherein the determining the resource scaling factor is based on the pathloss parameter and the reference pathloss parameter, and wherein the distance is determined based on the assistance information.

[0118] Example 6. The apparatus of any one of Examples 1 to 5, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform determining, based on the resource scaling factor, at least one of: a repetition parameter; or a modulation coding scheme, MCS, index parameter.

[0119] Example 7. The apparatus of Example 6, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform receiving at least one of: a mapping between the resource scaling factor and the repetition parameter; or a mapping between the resource scaling factor and the modulation coding scheme, MCS, index parameter; and wherein the determining the repetition parameter or the modulation coding scheme, MCS, index parameter is based on at least one of: the mapping between the resource scaling factor and the repetition parameter; or the mapping between the resource scaling factor and the modulation coding scheme, MCS, index parameter.

[0120] Example 8. The apparatus of any one of Examples 1 to 5, wherein the assistance information further comprises at least one of: a repetition parameter; or a modulation coding scheme, MCS, index parameter.

[0121] Example 9. The apparatus of any one of Examples 6 to 8, wherein the uplink transmission or the downlink reception is further based on the repetition parameter and the modulation coding scheme, MCS, index parameter.

[0122] Example 10. The apparatus of any one of Examples 1 to 9, wherein the information of the pathloss compensation configuration is further indicative of enabling of a pathloss compensation.

[0123] Example 11. The apparatus of any one of Examples 1 to 10, wherein the information of the pathloss compensation configuration is received as part of at least one of: a configured grant configuration message; a radio resource control, RRC, message; a medium access control control element, MAC-CE; or a system information broadcast.

[0124] Example 12. The apparatus of any one of Examples 1 to 11, wherein the assistance information is received as part of a system information broadcast, wherein the system information broadcast comprises a system information block, SIB, broadcast.

[0125] Example 13. The apparatus of any one of Examples 1 to 12, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform receiving an indication of a maximum allowed resource scaling factor, wherein the indication is received as part of at least one of: a system information block, SIB, broadcast; or the information of the pathloss compensation configuration.

[0126] Example 14. The apparatus of any one of Examples 1 to 13, wherein the network node comprises at least one of a base station or a satellite network node.

[0127] Example 15. An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: transmitting to a user device, information of a pathloss compensation configuration; transmitting assistance information of the apparatus; and receiving the uplink transmission based on a resource scaling factor determined at least partially based on the information of the pathloss compensation configuration and the assistance information.

[0128] Example 16. An apparatus comprising: means for receiving, by a user device from a network node, information of a pathloss compensation configuration; means for obtaining assistance information of the network node; means for determining, at least partially based on the information of the pathloss compensation configuration and the assistance information, a resource scaling factor for an uplink transmission to or a downlink reception from the network node; and means for performing the uplink transmission or the downlink reception based on the resource scaling factor.

[0129] Example 17. An apparatus comprising: means for transmitting, by a network node to a user device, information of a pathloss compensation configuration; means for transmitting assistance information of the network node; and means for receiving the uplink transmission based on a resource scaling factor determined at least partially based on the information of the pathloss compensation configuration and the assistance information.

[0130] Example 18. A method comprising: receiving, by a user device from a network node, information of a pathloss compensation configuration; obtaining assistance information of the network node; determining, at least partially based on the information of the pathloss compensation configuration and the assistance information, a resource scaling factor for an uplink transmission to or a downlink reception from the network node; and performing the uplink transmission or the downlink reception based on the resource scaling factor.

[0131] Example 19. The method of Example 18, further comprising transitioning to a radio resource control inactive state, RRC_INACTIVE state, and wherein the uplink transmission or the downlink reception is performed while in the RRC_INACTIVE state.

[0132] Example 20. The method of Example 18 or 19, wherein the assistance information comprises: location information associated with a reference position within a serving cell of the network node; and ephemeris information of the network node wherein the ephemerisinformation comprises at least one of: position information of the network node with respect to time; or velocity of the network node.

[0133] Example 21. The method of any one of Examples 18 to 20, wherein the information of the pathloss compensation configuration comprises at least one of: a reference position within a serving cell of the network node; or a reference pathloss parameter.

[0134] Example 22. The method of Example 21, further comprising determining a pathloss parameter based on a distance between the reference position within the serving cell of the network node and a position of the network node corresponding to a time of the uplink transmission or a time of the downlink reception, wherein the determining the resource scaling factor is based on the pathloss parameter and the reference pathloss parameter, and wherein the distance is determined based on the assistance information.

[0135] Example 23. The method of any one of Examples 18 to 22, further comprising determining, based on the resource scaling factor, at least one of: a repetition parameter; or a modulation coding scheme, MCS, index parameter.

[0136] Example 24. The method of Example 23, further comprising receiving at least one of: a mapping between the resource scaling factor and the repetition parameter; or a mapping between the resource scaling factor and the modulation coding scheme, MCS, index parameter; and wherein the determining the repetition parameter or the modulation coding scheme, MCS, index parameter is based on at least one of: the mapping between the resource scaling factor and the repetition parameter; or the mapping between the resource scaling factor and the modulation coding scheme, MCS, index parameter.

[0137] Example 25. The method of any one of Examples 18 to 22, wherein the assistance information further comprises at least one of: a repetition parameter; or a modulation coding scheme, MCS, index parameter.

[0138] Example 26. The method of any one of Examples 23 to 25, wherein the uplink transmission or the downlink reception is further based on the repetition parameter and the modulation coding scheme, MCS, index parameter.

[0139] Example 27. The method of any one of Examples 18 to 26, wherein the information of the pathloss compensation configuration is further indicative of enabling of a pathloss compensation.

[0140] Example 28. The method of any one of Examples 18 to 27, wherein the information of the pathloss compensation configuration is received as part of at least one of: a configured grant configuration message; a radio resource control, RRC, message; a medium access control control element, MAC-CE; or a system information broadcast.

[0141] Example 29. The method of any one of Examples 18 to 28, wherein the assistance information is received as part of a system information broadcast, wherein the system information broadcast comprises a system information block, SIB, broadcast.

[0142] Example 30. The method of any one of Examples 18 to 29, further comprising receiving an indication of a maximum allowed resource scaling factor, wherein the indication is received as part of at least one of: a system information block, SIB, broadcast; or the information of the pathloss compensation configuration.

[0143] Example 31. The method of any one of Examples 18 to 30, wherein the network node comprises at least one of a base station or a satellite network node.

[0144] Example 32. A method comprising: transmitting, by a network node to a user device, information of a pathloss compensation configuration; transmitting assistance information of the network node; and receiving the uplink transmission based on a resource scaling factor determined at least partially based on the information of the pathloss compensation configuration and the assistance information.

[0145] Example 33. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions stored thereon that, when executed by at least one processor, are configured to cause a computing system to perform a method of any of Examples 18 to 32.

[0146] Example 34. A computer program comprising instructions stored thereon for performing a method of any of Examples 18 to 32.

[0147] Example 35. An apparatus comprising means for performing a method of any of Examples 18 to 32.

[0148] Example 36. An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: receiving from a network node, information of a pathloss compensation configuration for an uplink transmission or a downlink reception, the information comprising at least one of: at least one repetition parameter associated with at least one elevation angle of the network node with respect to a reference position within a serving cell of the network node; or at least one modulation coding scheme, MCS, index parameter associated with the at least one elevation angle; obtaining assistance information of the network node; determining, based on the assistance information, an elevation angle of the network node corresponding to a time of the uplink transmission or a time of the downlink reception; selecting at least one of: a repetition parameter of the at least one repetition parameter, or a MCS index parameter of the at least one MCS index parameter associated with the determined elevation angle; and performing the uplink transmission or the downlinkreception based on the selected at least one of: the repetition parameter or the MCS index parameter.

[0149] Example 37. The apparatus of Example 36, further comprising transitioning to a radio resource control inactive, RRC_INACTIVE, state, and wherein the uplink transmission or the downlink reception is performed while in the RRC_INACTIVE state.

[0150] Example 38. The apparatus of Example 36 or 37, wherein the assistance information comprises: location information associated with the reference position within the serving cell of the network node; and ephemeris information of the network node wherein the ephemeris information comprises at least one of: position information of the network node with respect to time; or velocity of the network node.

[0151] Example 39. The apparatus of any one of Examples 36 to 38, wherein the information of the pathloss compensation configuration is indicative of enabling a pathloss compensation.

[0152] Example 40. The apparatus of any one of Examples 36 to 39, wherein: the at least one repetition parameter comprises at least one repetition adjustment parameter; the at least one modulation coding scheme, MCS, index parameter comprises at least one MCS index adjustment parameter; and wherein the information further comprises at least one of: a mapping between an elevation angle and the at least one repetition adjustment parameter; or a mapping between the elevation angle and at least one modulation coding scheme, MCS, index adjustment parameter.

[0153] Example 41. The apparatus of any one of Examples 36 to 40, wherein the at least one repetition parameter comprises one or more repetition numbers, and the at least one modulation coding scheme, MCS, index parameter comprises one or more modulation coding scheme, MCS, indexes; and the method further comprising receiving an indication of elevation angle restrictions indicative of at least one elevation angle range for selecting a repetition number of the one or more repetition numbers,or a modulation coding scheme, MCS, index of the one or more modulation coding scheme, MCS, indexes; and wherein the selecting the at least one of: the repetition number or the modulation coding scheme, MCS, index is further based on the indication of elevation angle restrictions.

[0154] Example 42. The apparatus of any one of Examples 36 to 41, wherein the information of the pathloss compensation configuration is received as part of at least one of: a configured grant configuration message; a radio resource control, RRC, message; a medium access control control element, MAC-CE; or a system information broadcast.

[0155] Example 43. The apparatus of any one of Examples 36 to 42, wherein the assistance information is received as part of a system information broadcast, wherein the system information broadcast comprises a system information block, SIB, broadcast.

[0156] Example 44. The apparatus of any one of Examples 36 to 43, wherein the network node comprises at least one of a base station or a satellite network node.

[0157] Example 45. An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: transmitting to a user device, information of a pathloss compensation configuration for an uplink transmission or a downlink reception, the information comprising at least one of: at least one repetition parameter associated with at least one elevation angle of the network node with respect to a reference position within a serving cell of the apparatus; or at least one modulation coding scheme, MCS, index parameter associated with the at least one elevation angle; transmitting assistance information of the apparatus; and receiving the uplink transmission based on at least one of: a repetition parameter of the at least one repetition parameter, or a MCS index parameter of the at least one MCS index parameter.

[0158] Example 46. An apparatus comprising: means for receiving, by a user device from a network node, information of a pathloss compensation configuration for an uplink transmission or a downlink reception, the information comprising at least one of: at least one repetition parameter associated with at least one elevation angle of the network node with respect to a reference position within a serving cell of the network node; or at least one modulation coding scheme, MCS, index parameter associated with the at least one elevation angle; means for obtaining assistance information of the network node; means for determining, based on the assistance information, an elevation angle of the network node corresponding to a time of the uplink transmission or a time of the downlink reception; means for selecting at least one of: a repetition parameter of the at least one repetition parameter, or a MCS index parameter of the at least one MCS index parameter associated with the determined elevation angle; and means for performing the uplink transmission or the downlink reception based on the selected at least one of: the repetition parameter or the MCS index parameter.

[0159] Example 47. An apparatus comprising: means for transmitting, by a network node to a user device, information of a pathloss compensation configuration for an uplink transmission or a downlink reception, the information comprising at least one of: at least one repetition parameter associated with at least one elevation angle of the network node withrespect to a reference position within a serving cell of the network node; or at least one modulation coding scheme, MCS, index parameter associated with the at least one elevation angle; means for transmitting assistance information of the network node; and means for receiving the uplink transmission based on at least one of: a repetition parameter of the at least one repetition parameter, or a MCS index parameter of the at least one MCS index parameter.

[0160] Example 48. A method comprising: receiving, by a user device from a network node, information of a pathloss compensation configuration for an uplink transmission or a downlink reception, the information comprising at least one of: at least one repetition parameter associated with at least one elevation angle of the network node with respect to a reference position within a serving cell of the network node; or at least one modulation coding scheme, MCS, index parameter associated with the at least one elevation angle; obtaining assistance information of the network node; determining, based on the assistance information, an elevation angle of the network node corresponding to a time of the uplink transmission or a time of the downlink reception; selecting at least one of: a repetition parameter of the at least one repetition parameter, or a MCS index parameter of the at least one MCS index parameter associated with the determined elevation angle; and performing the uplink transmission or the downlink reception based on the selected at least one of: the repetition parameter or the MCS index parameter.

[0161] Example 49. The method of Example 48, further comprising transitioning to a radio resource control inactive, RRC_INACTIVE, state, and wherein the uplink transmission or the downlink reception is performed while in the RRC_INACTIVE state.

[0162] Example 50. The method of Example 48 or 49, wherein the assistance information comprises: location information associated with the reference position within the serving cell of the network node; and ephemeris information of the network node wherein the ephemeris information comprises at least one of: position information of the network node with respect to time; or velocity of the network node.

[0163] Example 51. The method of any one of Examples 48 to 50, wherein the information of the pathloss compensation configuration is indicative of enabling a pathloss compensation.

[0164] Example 52. The method of any one of Examples 48 to 51, wherein: the at least one repetition parameter comprises at least one repetition adjustment parameter; the at least one modulation coding scheme, MCS, index parameter comprises at least one MCS index adjustment parameter; and wherein the information further comprises at least one of: amapping between an elevation angle and the at least one repetition adjustment parameter; or a mapping between the elevation angle and at least one modulation coding scheme, MCS, index adjustment parameter.

[0165] Example 53. The method of any one of Examples 48 to 52, wherein the at least one repetition parameter comprises one or more repetition numbers, and the at least one MCS index parameter comprises one or more MCS indexes; and the method further comprising receiving an indication of elevation angle restrictions indicative of at least one elevation angle range for selecting a repetition number of the one or more repetition numbers,or a MCS index of the one or more MCS indexes; and wherein the selecting the at least one of: the repetition number or the MCS index is further based on the indication of elevation angle restrictions.

[0166] Example 54. The method of any one of Examples 48 to 53, wherein the information of the pathloss compensation configuration is received as part of at least one of: a configured grant configuration message; a radio resource control, RRC, message; a medium access control control element, MAC-CE; or a system information broadcast.

[0167] Example 55. The method of any one of Examples 48 to 54, wherein the assistance information is received as part of a system information broadcast, wherein the system information broadcast comprises a system information block, SIB, broadcast.

[0168] Example 56. The method of any one of Examples 48 to 55, wherein the network node comprises at least one of a base station or a satellite network node.

[0169] Example 57. A method comprising: transmitting, by a network node to a user device, information of a pathloss compensation configuration for an uplink transmission or a downlink reception, the information comprising at least one of: at least one repetition parameter associated with at least one elevation angle of the network node with respect to a reference position within a serving cell of the network node; or at least one modulation coding scheme, MCS, index parameter associated with the at least one elevation angle; transmitting assistance information of the network node; and receiving the uplink transmission based on at least one of: a repetition parameter of the at least one repetition parameter, or a MCS index parameter of the at least one MCS index parameter.

[0170] Example 58. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions stored thereon that, when executed by at least one processor, are configured to cause a computing system to perform a method of any of Examples 48 to 57.

[0171] Example 59. A computer program comprising instructions stored thereon for performing a method of any of Examples 48 to 57.

[0172] Example 60. An apparatus comprising means for performing a method of any of Examples 48 to 57.31

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. An apparatus comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memorystoring instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform:receiving from a network node, information of a pathloss compensation configuration; obtaining assistance information of the network node;determining, at least partially based on the information of the pathloss compensation configuration and the assistance information, a resource scaling factor for an uplink transmission to or a downlink reception from the network node; andperforming the uplink transmission or the downlink reception based on the resource scaling factor.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform transitioning to a radio resource control inactive state, RRC_INACTIVE state, and wherein the uplink transmission or the downlink reception is performed while in the RRCJNACTIVE state.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein the assistance information comprises:location information associated with a reference position within a serving cell of the network node; andephemeris information of the network node wherein the ephemeris information comprises at least one of:position information of the network node with respect to time; or velocity of the network node.

4. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the information of the pathloss compensation configuration comprises at least one of:a reference position within a serving cell of the network node; ora reference pathloss parameter.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform determining a pathloss parameter based on a distance between the reference position withinthe serving cell of the network node and a position of the network node corresponding to a time of the uplink transmission or a time of the downlink reception, wherein the determining the resource scaling factor is based on the pathloss parameter and the reference pathloss parameter, and wherein the distance is determined based on the assistance information.

6. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform determining, based on the resource scaling factor, at least one of:a repetition parameter; ora modulation coding scheme, MCS, index parameter.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform receiving at least one of:a mapping between the resource scaling factor and the repetition parameter; or a mapping between the resource scaling factor and the modulation coding scheme, MCS, index parameter; andwherein the determining the repetition parameter or the modulation coding scheme, MCS, index parameter is based on at least one of:the mapping between the resource scaling factor and the repetition parameter; orthe mapping between the resource scaling factor and the modulation coding scheme, MCS, index parameter.

8. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the assistance information further comprises at least one of:a repetition parameter; ora modulation coding scheme, MCS, index parameter.

9. The apparatus of any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the uplink transmission or the downlink reception is further based on the repetition parameter and the modulation coding scheme, MCS, index parameter.

10. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the information of the pathloss compensation configuration is further indicative of enabling of a pathloss compensation.

11. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the information of the pathloss compensation configuration is received as part of at least one of:a configured grant configuration message;a radio resource control, RRC, message;a medium access control control element, MAC-CE; ora system information broadcast.

12. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the assistance information is received as part of a system information broadcast, wherein the system information broadcast comprises a system information block, SIB, broadcast.

13. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the apparatus is further caused to perform receiving an indication of a maximum allowed resource scaling factor, wherein the indication is received as part of at least one of:a system information block, SIB, broadcast; orthe information of the pathloss compensation configuration.

14. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the network node is at least one of a base station, or a satellite network node.

15. An apparatus comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memorystoring instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform:transmitting to a user device, information of a pathloss compensation configuration;transmitting assistance information of the apparatus; andreceiving the uplink transmission based on a resource scaling factor determined at least partially based on the information of the pathloss compensation configuration and the assistance information.

16. An apparatus comprising means for:receiving from a network node, information of a pathloss compensation configuration;obtaining assistance information of the network node;determining, at least partially based on the information of the pathloss compensation configuration and the assistance information, a resource scaling factor for an uplink transmission to or a downlink reception from the network node; andperforming the uplink transmission or the downlink reception based on the resource scaling factor.

17. An apparatus comprising means for:transmitting to a user device, information of a pathloss compensation configuration; transmitting assistance information of a network node; andreceiving the uplink transmission based on a resource scaling factor determined at least partially based on the information of the pathloss compensation configuration and the assistance information.

18. A method comprising:receiving, by a user device from a network node, information of a pathloss compensation configuration;obtaining assistance information of the network node;determining, at least partially based on the information of the pathloss compensation configuration and the assistance information, a resource scaling factor for an uplink transmission to or a downlink reception from the network node; andperforming the uplink transmission or the downlink reception based on the resource scaling factor.

19. A method comprising:transmitting, by a network node to a user device, information of a pathloss compensation configuration;transmitting assistance information of the network node; andreceiving the uplink transmission based on a resource scaling factor determined at least partially based on the information of the pathloss compensation configuration and the assistance information.

20. A computer program comprising instructions stored thereon for performing:receiving, from a network node, information of a pathloss compensation configuration;obtaining assistance information of the network node;determining, at least partially based on the information of the pathloss compensation configuration and the assistance information, a resource scaling factor for an uplink transmission to or a downlink reception from the network node; andperforming the uplink transmission or the downlink reception based on the resource scaling factor.

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