Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure comprises: a reception unit that receives setting information relating to a reference signal from a first carrier related to a second carrier, and receives the reference signal; and a control unit that measures the reference signal, and predicts a measurement value of the second carrier on the basis of a measurement value of the reference signal. According to the one aspect of the present disclosure, measurement overhead / terminal complexity can be suppressed.

Description

Terminal, Wireless Communication Method, and Base Station

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station in a next-generation mobile communication system.

[0002] In a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network, Long Term Evolution (LTE) was specified for the purpose of achieving higher data rates, lower latency, etc. (Non-Patent Document 1). Also, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) was specified for the purpose of further increasing capacity and enhancing performance of LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (for example, 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 and later, etc.) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0, "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)", April 2010

[0005] Networks of future wireless communication systems (for example, 6G) are being considered to provide various services distributed across multiple carriers. Therefore, a terminal (user terminal, User Equipment (UE)) may frequently measure and switch between multiple carriers. For example, as described above, it is being considered that a perch / anchor / data carrier structure will be adopted in a 6G network.

[0006] However, if a device uses multiple carriers, the measurement overhead and device complexity may increase due to the measurement / switching between carriers.

[0007] Therefore, one of the objectives of this disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that can suppress measurement overhead and terminal complexity.

[0008] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure is characterized by having a receiving unit that receives setting information relating to a reference signal from a first carrier related to a second carrier and receives the reference signal, and a control unit that performs measurement of the reference signal and predicts a measurement value of the second carrier based on the measurement value of the reference signal.

[0009] According to one aspect of this disclosure, measurement overhead and terminal complexity can be suppressed.

[0010] Figure 1 shows an example of carrier design in a future wireless communication system. Figure 2 shows an example of cell arrangement where each pair of cells are in the same position. Figure 3 shows an example of cell arrangement where each pair of cells are not in the same position. Figure 4 shows an example of cell configuration in the first prediction method. Figure 5 shows an example of cell configuration in the second prediction method. Figure 6 shows an example of the first embodiment. Figure 7 shows an example of the schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. Figure 8 shows an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment. Figure 9 shows an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. Figure 10 shows an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. Figure 11 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment.

[0011] (AI Model) Regarding future wireless communication technology, the use of AI technologies such as machine learning (ML) for network / device control and management is being considered.

[0012] For example, AI technology is being considered for future wireless communication technologies to improve Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI) feedback (e.g., overhead reduction, improved accuracy, prediction), beam management (e.g., improved accuracy, prediction in the spatiotemporal domain), and position measurement (e.g., improved position estimation / prediction).

[0013] (Use cases for prediction using AI / ML technology) The following are examples of various predictions using AI / ML models: ・Beam prediction. In beam prediction, beams / resources that achieve RSRP / SINR greater than a threshold are targeted for prediction. Examples include temporal beam prediction, spatial domain beam prediction, and frequency domain beam prediction. ・Cell prediction. In cell prediction, cells that achieve RSRP / SINR greater than a threshold are targeted for prediction. Examples include temporal cell prediction, spatial domain cell prediction, and frequency domain cell prediction. ・CSI prediction. Examples of CSI prediction include temporal CSI prediction and spatial domain CSI prediction. For example, in spatial domain CSI prediction, the CSI for a larger number of antenna ports is predicted based on a smaller number of antenna ports.

[0014] In this disclosure, beam prediction, cell prediction, CSI prediction, and specific predictions [using AI / ML models] may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0015] (CSI report or reporting) In NR, a terminal (also called a user terminal, User Equipment (UE), etc.) generates (also called determining, calculating, estimating, measuring, etc.) Channel State Information (CSI) based on a Reference Signal (RS) (or a resource for said RS), and transmits (also called reporting, feedback, etc.) the generated CSI to the network (e.g., a base station). The CSI may be transmitted to the base station using, for example, an uplink control channel (e.g., a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)) or an uplink shared channel (e.g., a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)).

[0016] The RS used to generate the CSI may be at least one of the following: Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), Synchronization Signal / Physical Broadcast Channel (SS / PBCH) block, Synchronization Signal (SS), or Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS).

[0017] The CSI-RS may include at least one of Non Zero Power (NZP) CSI-RS and CSI-Interference Management (CSI-IM). The SS / PBCH block is a block that includes SS and PBCH (and corresponding DMRS), and may be called an SS block (SSB), etc. The SS may also include at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS).

[0018] Furthermore, CSI may include at least one of the following: Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI), SS / PBCH Block Resource Indicator (SSBRI), Layer Indicator (LI), Rank Indicator (RI), L1-RSRP (Layer 1 Reference Signal Received Power), L1-RSRQ (Reference Signal Received Quality), L1-SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio), L1-SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio).

[0019] (Predicted Beam Report) This section explains the predicted beam report.

[0020] The UE may report a predicted beam report that includes estimated / predicted radio link quality at future times (which may also be called predicted CSI time, predicted time, predicted timing, etc.) based on current / past RS measurements (radio link quality).

[0021] The UE monitors RS (SSB / CSI-RS) and transmits a predicted beam report that includes predicted radio link quality for predicted CSI time after a time offset from a certain point in time.

[0022] Here, the timing in question may be the time when the prediction beam report is transmitted (which may be called the reporting occasion), or it may be the timing of the reception of a particular RS measured for prediction (for example, the last reception of a particular RS before the transmission of the prediction beam report). The timing in question may be called the reference time.

[0023] The time offset may be expressed, for example, in slot units / symbol units, or in seconds (e.g., milliseconds).

[0024] The UE may determine the time offset based on specific rules, on physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels, or a combination thereof, or on the UE's capabilities.

[0025] The UE may include information regarding predicted CSI times in the predicted beam report.

[0026] In this disclosure, the predicted CSI time and the time offset may be interpreted as mutually interchangeable.

[0027] (Examples of carrier design in future wireless communication systems) In future wireless communication systems (e.g., Rel. 21 and beyond, 6G systems), it is expected that advanced services exceeding those of 5G NR systems will be realized in order to solve social issues in the 2030s and beyond, as exemplified below: - Scalable network (NW). - Easy-to-operate NW. - Sustainable / resilient NW. - Improved performance (e.g., throughput / capacity) at lower bit costs. - Significant reduction in the cost / complexity / power consumption of cellular networks. - Increased revenue / creation of new value through cellular networks.

[0028] For scalable networks, it is desirable that the basic design of a 6G system be applicable not only to use cases within the 6G system but also to potential new use cases that may arise later. This is because it will be beneficial and practical for features that are expected to be released in the future.

[0029] For easily operable networks, it is desirable to avoid specifying multiple options for the same purpose.

[0030] For sustainable and fast-recovering networks, significant cost and energy consumption reductions are desirable for both the network side and the terminals (user terminals, user equipment (UE)). Furthermore, improved fault tolerance and rapid recovery capabilities against all kinds of events (e.g., operational errors, high traffic, disasters, etc.) are also desirable.

[0031] The following describes an example of carrier design in a future wireless communication system, with reference to Figure 1. A wireless communication system may consist of multiple carriers of different types. In Figure 1, the wireless communication system includes a first carrier, a second carrier, and a third carrier.

[0032] <Perch Carrier> The first carrier may be called, for example, a perch carrier. The first carrier may be a carrier common to multiple UEs.

[0033] The first carrier could be a common carrier regardless of the use case / service / device type, for example.

[0034] In the first carrier, common signals (e.g., synchronization signal blocks / master information blocks / system information blocks) may be transmitted. Furthermore, the transmission and reception of data (e.g., application layer information) is not assumed in the first carrier. Also, the transmission and reception of information relating to a specific UE or a specific group of UEs (e.g., information other than that relating to the second carrier) is not assumed in the first carrier.

[0035] For example, the first carrier may be used for the transmission of the following signals. (1) Synchronization signal (SS ｐ : Synchronization signal for a partial carrier) (2) Master information block (MIB) (3) System information block (e.g., SIB1), reference signal (RS)

[0036] The signal [transmitted in the first carrier] may always be maintained in an on state.

[0037] The signal transmitted in the first carrier (e.g., synchronization signal block / master information block / system information block) may include information regarding an anchor carrier (second carrier) that is available in the system or used by the UE.

[0038] The first carrier may have a frequency lower than a specific value (e.g., 800 MHz).

[0039] The first carrier may correspond to one (base station) beam.

[0040] The UE may perform first synchronization in the first carrier. The first synchronization may mean the first step / level (e.g., coarse) synchronization among multiple (e.g., two) steps / levels of synchronization.

[0041] The first carrier may be included in, for example, a coverage band.

[0042] By defining / utilizing the first carrier in this way, it is possible to cover all future use cases and contribute to the achievement of an extensible NW.

[0043] <Anchor Carrier> The second carrier may be referred to as, for example, an anchor carrier. The second carrier may be a carrier / frequency used for NW connection / control.[[ID=二十七]]

[0044] The second carrier may be an individual carrier for each UE / group of multiple UEs (UE group) / each use case / each service. The UE may determine the second carrier corresponding to its own terminal based on the information obtained in the first carrier.

[0045] The second carrier may transmit signals of the control plane (C-plane). For example, the second carrier may transmit the following signals [in the control plane]. (1) Synchronization signal (SS a : Synchronization signal for the anchor carrier) (2) Paging (3) [Additional] system information blocks (e.g., SIB2 to SIBX) (4) Random access (RA) (5) Signaling radio bearers (SRBs), sparse RS

[0046] The sparse RS may be an RS that is transmitted sparsely (e.g., an RS set in a sparse RS pattern). For example, the sparse RS may be transmitted less frequently than the RS transmitted on the first carrier.

[0047] Also, in the second carrier, at least one of the following transmissions / receptions / operations may be performed. - Transmission / reception of system information blocks for specific use cases (e.g., enhanced Mobile Broad Band (eMBB)). - Connection establishment. - Transmission / reception of wake-up signal (WUS). - Wake-up receiver (WUR) operation. - Second synchronization. - Information regarding the third carrier.

[0048] The wake-up signal (WUS) / wake-up receiver may be read as a low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) / low-power wake-up receiver (LP-WUR).

[0049] By performing operations related to LP-WUS / WUR using the second carrier, NW energy reduction / UE power reduction can be achieved.

[0050] The signals transmitted in the second carrier may not always be in an on state (may be in a dormant state). For example, a method in which signal transmission (DL transmission / UL transmission) in the second carrier is performed on demand according to a wake-up signal / trigger signal may be supported.

[0051] The second synchronization may refer to the second step / level (e.g., a more precise) synchronization among multiple (e.g., two) step / level synchronizations. For example, a UE may achieve the first synchronization on the first carrier and the second synchronization on the second carrier.

[0052] The second carrier may be included in the first carrier in certain cases (for example, in the case of a [narrowband] IoT device). The second carrier may also overlap the same frequency band as the first carrier.

[0053] The second carrier may, for example, be included in a coverage band.

[0054] At least one operation performed on the second carrier may also be performed on the first / third carrier. Furthermore, at least one operation performed on the first / third carrier may also be performed on the second carrier.

[0055] <Data Carrier> The third carrier may be called, for example, a data carrier. The third carrier may be a carrier used for transmitting / receiving data. The UE may transmit / receive data on the third carrier for a specific use case (e.g., eMBB / other purposes).

[0056] The third carrier could be an individual carrier for each UE, for multiple UEs (UE groups), for each use case, or for each service.

[0057] The third carrier may transmit signals from the user plane (U-plane). For example, the third carrier may transmit the following signals [in the user plane]: (1) Synchronization signal (SS u (1) Synchronization signal for the user plane (2) Data radio bearer (DRB), sparse RS

[0058] Furthermore, the third carrier may include multiple planes. In Figure 1, the third carrier further includes an X plane. The X plane may be a plane used for a specific purpose. For example, the X plane may be a plane that transmits AI / ML-related signals. For instance, the X plane may be a plane to which a UE capable of performing AI / ML functions is connected.

[0059] The third carrier may transmit X-plane signals. For example, the third carrier may transmit the following signals [in the X-plane]: (1) Synchronization signal (SS ｘ (1) Synchronization signal for X-plane (2) Radio bearer (XRB), sparse RS for the above specific applications

[0060] The third carrier (and the signals transmitted on it) does not have to be always on (it may be in a dormant state). For example, the transmission of signals on the third carrier (DL transmission / UL transmission) may be supported to be performed on demand in response to a wake-up signal / trigger signal.

[0061] The third carrier may be included in both the coverage band and the capacity band, for example. The third carrier within the capacity band may be used as a surplus carrier.

[0062] The third career may include the first career.

[0063] The UE may communicate using multiple carriers as shown in Figure 1. For example, the UE may monitor multiple frequencies (which may be called monitoring frequencies / synchronous rasters) to detect the first carrier.

[0064] If a first carrier is detected, the UE may perform a synchronous operation (first synchronization) and receive / acquire information (e.g., system information).

[0065] The UE may perform initial access / random access on a second carrier (which may be called an anchor carrier, for example) based on the received / acquired information (e.g., system information) and establish an RRC connection with the NW. At least a portion of the initial access / random access may be performed on the first carrier.

[0066] The UE may transmit / receive data on a third carrier (which may be called a data carrier, for example) that is set up by signals transmitted / received on a second carrier.

[0067] Please note that the names such as perch carrier, anchor carrier, and data carrier used in this disclosure are merely examples and are not limited to these names.

[0068] UE / NW may use the first carrier as a third carrier only in specific cases. Such specific cases may be, for example, at least one of (re-)initial access, fallback cases, and mobility on the second carrier.

[0069] UE may use / monitor the first carrier as a third carrier. Also, U may use / monitor the first carrier as a third carrier in the case of mobility on the first carrier.

[0070] The first, second, and third carriers corresponding to terrestrial networks (TN) and the first, second, and third carriers corresponding to non-terrestrial networks (NTN) may be defined separately or in common.

[0071] Furthermore, certain devices (for example, devices that do not perform cell search / RRC connectivity (e.g., Ambient IoT (A-IoT))) do not need to use a second carrier.

[0072] Furthermore, the carrier design described above may be applied to a cell-free configuration as appropriate. For example, the first carrier may correspond to a first cell (e.g., a supercell) or to a second cell (e.g., an area). Also, for example, the second carrier may correspond to a first cell (e.g., a supercell) or to a second cell (e.g., an area). Also, for example, the third carrier may correspond to a second cell (e.g., an area).

[0073] The first carrier may be a carrier of the first type (e.g., perch). The second carrier may be a carrier of the second type (e.g., anchor). The third carrier may be a carrier of the third type (e.g., data).

[0074] The first, second, and third carriers may include carriers whose carrier type corresponds to a specific service type (e.g., service types A / B / C). The first, second, and third carriers may also include carriers whose carrier type corresponds to a type dedicated to a specific operation (e.g., data / model operations) (dedicated carriers).

[0075] A carrier of type "normal" may be a carrier for normal (general) operation in the first / second / third. A carrier of type "enhanced" may be a carrier for enhanced (non-general) operation (e.g., enhanced AI / ML operation) in the first / second / third.

[0076] (Carrier Configuration and AI / ML in Wireless Communication Systems) As mentioned above, wireless communication systems may consist of multiple carriers of different types. In this case, the load of carrier switching / measurement may increase, and high-speed / seamless carrier access / switching is desirable.

[0077] Furthermore, the AI / ML-based functionality is being considered for extension to various Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) of wireless access network technologies. The coexistence of advanced AI / ML-based transmission / operation with non-AI or weak AI is desired.

[0078] Therefore, the following technologies are desired, for example: • AI / ML lifecycle management across different types of carriers (e.g., perch carrier, anchor carrier, data carrier, data and model manipulation-dedicated carrier) or different planes (e.g., U-plane and X-plane) • Multiplexing schemes and resource allocation across planes / frequency / time / space / channel for advanced AI / ML transmission / operation and non-AI / ML or weak AI / ML transmission / operation • AI / ML prediction across carriers for synchronization / tracking / measurement for fast / seamless wake-up / access / connection setup / switching • High-quality, low-overhead cross-carrier / multi-carrier channel status information (CSI) / radio resource management (RRM) reporting using AI / ML compression and prediction • AI / ML-based transmission and reception (e.g., channel estimation and signal detection) on dedicated carriers

[0079] (Inter-frequency prediction in AI / ML mobility) Simultaneous deployment of cells in two frequency bands is being considered. For example, the antennas of each pair of cells in two cells are deployed at the same site experiencing similar propagation conditions. The AI / ML model may be trained assuming that each pair of cells corresponding to the model's input and output are in the same location (area). Alternatively, there may be cases where the pairs of cells corresponding to the model's input and output are not in the same location.

[0080] Figure 2 shows an example of cell arrangement where each pair of cells is located in the same position. In the example in Figure 2, cells #1, #2, and #3 correspond to the same band #1, and cells #4, #5, and #6 correspond to the same band #2. Cells #1 and #4 are a pair and cover the same position (area). Cells #3 and #6 are a pair and cover the same position (area). Cells #2 and #5 are a pair and cover the same position (area).

[0081] Figure 3 shows an example of cell arrangement where no pair of cells are in the same position. In the example in Figure 3, cells #1, #2, and #3 correspond to the same band #1, and cells #4, #5, and #6 correspond to the same band #2. Cells #1 and #4 are a pair but cover different positions (areas). Cells #3 and #6 are a pair but cover different positions (areas). Cells #2 and #5 are a pair but cover different positions (areas).

[0082] (Prediction based on other cells) The UE may receive information regarding measurements of cell #A (first cell) and cell #B (second cell), perform measurements of cell #B, and make predictions about cell #A based on the measurements of cell #B. In this disclosure, the spatial / physical locations of cell #A and cell #B may be the same. The UE may perform at least part of the processing in this disclosure (e.g., prediction about cell #A) if the spatial / physical locations of cell #A and cell #B are the same.

[0083] This disclosure may apply to at least one of the following options 1 or 2.

[0084] Option 1: The UE may receive location information for cells (location information for cells #A and #B) in advance (explicit setting of location information). The UE may report the predicted measurement value (e.g., RSRP) [and the corresponding cell ID] for cell #A. The UE may report the predicted measurement value (e.g., RSRP) [and the corresponding cell ID] for cell #A if cell #A and cell #B are in the same spatial / physical location. The UE may have the cell ID information for cells #A and #B in advance (e.g., it has been notified in advance) and report the measurement value based on a report format that has been received in advance. Option 2: It may be implicitly set / instructed that cells #A and #B are in the same location. For example, if the UE is instructed to make a prediction for cell #A based on the measurement value of cell #B, it may report the predicted measurement value (e.g., RSRP) [and the cell ID of the cell that was actually measured (cell #B)] for cell #A. If the UE determines that cell #A and cell #B are in the same spatial / physical location, it may report the predicted measurement value (e.g., RSRP) for cell #A [and the cell ID of the actually measured cell (cell #B)]. In this case, the cell location information is not communicated to the UE.

[0085] <First prediction method> The UE may receive information regarding the measurements of cell #A (first cell) and cell #B (second cell), as well as information indicating the association between cell #A (first cell) and cell #B (second cell), and make a prediction about cell #A based on the measurement values ​​of cell #B.

[0086] Cell #B is one of the cells under measurement by the UE on frequency band #2. The UE may have previously received information regarding the measurement of cell #B (e.g., at least one of the above (measurement settings)) and corresponding frequency information.

[0087] Cell #A is a cell on frequency band #1. The UE may have previously received information regarding the measurement of cell #A (e.g., at least one of the above (measurement settings)) and corresponding frequency information.

[0088] The UE may receive information in advance indicating whether a cell corresponds to cell #B (the cell to be measured) or cell A# (the cell to be predicted). For example, the UE may determine that a serving cell / additional cell / LTM candidate cell corresponds to cell #B, and a non-serving cell corresponds to cell #A.

[0089] [Examples of cell associations] Example 1: The UE may receive configuration information indicating a pair of cell IDs and determine the association between cell #A and cell #B based on that configuration information. The UE may use one of the two IDs configured as a pair as the ID of cell #A (the cell to be predicted) and the other as the ID of cell #B (the cell to be measured). For example, a pair ID may be assigned to a cell, and the UE may determine multiple cells with the same pair ID as a pair. Alternatively, the UE may receive a list indicating a pair of cell IDs.

[0090] Example 2: The UE may receive information indicating a rule / formula / function for deriving the ID of cell #A from the ID of cell #B, and derive the ID of cell #A from the ID of cell #B based on that rule / formula / function.

[0091] Example 3: Cells #A and #B may be assigned a single ID for measurement / prediction. If the UE measures a specific cell (cell #B), it may use the measurement value of cell #B to make a prediction for the cell (cell #A) that has the same ID as cell #B.

[0092] Figure 4 shows an example of the cell configuration in the first prediction method. The UE performs measurements in cells #1 to #3 and predicts the measured values ​​of cells #4 to #6 based on the measurement results. For example, if Example 1 is applied, the UE may have three cell pairs (#1-#4, #2-#5, #3-#6) set in advance. For example, if Example 2 is applied, the formula ID of cell #A = ID of cell #B + 3 may be set in advance in the UE, and the UE may derive the ID of cell #A based on that formula.

[0093] <Second Prediction Method> When the UE receives settings for measurements of frequency band #2 (cell #B / a frequency band to which multiple cells including cell #B belong) and frequency band #1 (cell #A / a frequency band to which multiple cells including cell #A belong), it may measure a cell (cell #B) on frequency band #2 and predict the measurement value of the corresponding cell (cell #A) on frequency band #1 based on that measurement value. In this case, the UE may assume that the cell in frequency band #2 and the cell in frequency band #1 are located in the same position (spatial position).

[0094] UE may assume that there are cells located on frequency band #1 at the same spatial location as each cell measured on frequency band #1.

[0095] The UE may be configured to have cell #2 in frequency band #2 (cell #B) as the cell to be measured, and cell #1 in frequency band #1 (cell #A) as the cell to be predicted. For example, if cell #2 in frequency band #2 (cell #B) is a serving cell / additional cell / LTM candidate cell, and cell #1 in frequency band #1 (cell #A) is a non-serving cell, the UE may perform a measurement on cell #2 in frequency band #2 (cell #B) and then make a prediction for cell #1 in frequency band #1 (cell #A) based on the measured value.

[0096] Figure 5 shows an example of the cell configuration in the second prediction method. When the UE receives settings for measurements of Band #2 and Band #1, it assumes that the cells of Band #2 are in the same position as those of Band #1 and performs a prediction (blind prediction) of the cells of Band #2. Since the UE does not have the cell IDs of cells #X / #Y / #Z, it may not report the cell IDs and may only report the predicted values ​​(predicted measurements) of cells #X / #Y / #Z.

[0097] According to the second prediction method, even if the association between cell #B and cell #A is not explicitly set, predictions regarding cell #A can be made, making it possible to understand the wireless link quality, etc., of cell #A without actually performing measurements of cell #A.

[0098] (Data collection for inference / prediction) This section describes data collection for inference / prediction. A reference signal on the anchor / data / perch carrier is used to provide a target carrier (the carrier to be inferred / predicted).

[0099] The UE may assume a reference resource configured for inter-carrier prediction. The UE may receive the configured reference resource and assume that the reference resource corresponds to the configured target carrier / cell.

[0100] The UE may assume at least one of the following for the target carrier / cell: • The port number corresponds to the beam number. • The RS (Reference Resource) is transmitted from the same location as the target cell. • Timing, synchronization, etc., between the carrier / cell and target carrier / cell of the reference signal.

[0101] By making the above assumptions, the UE can provide more accurate predicted beam / CSI when predicting the RRM / beam / CSI / TA of the target cell (anchor cell) / carrier.

[0102] (Analysis) Future wireless communication systems (e.g., 6G) are being considered to provide various services distributed across multiple carriers. Therefore, UEs may frequently measure and switch between multiple carriers. For example, as mentioned above, the perch / anchor / data carrier structure is being considered for adoption in 6G networks.

[0103] However, if the UE uses multiple carriers, the measurement overhead and complexity of the UE may increase due to the measurement / switching between carriers.

[0104] Therefore, the inventors devised a method to suppress the complexity of measurement overhead / UE.

[0105] The embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Each wireless communication method according to the embodiments may be applied individually or in combination.

[0106] (Various substitutions) In this disclosure, words enclosed in parentheses () may indicate an explanation of the preceding word (e.g., an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, or supplementary explanation. Also, in this disclosure, words enclosed in square brackets [] may be interpreted as part of the overall meaning of the text, or they may be interpreted as being excluded (ignored). Note that parentheses () and square brackets [] may be used for purposes / meanings other than those described above.

[0107] In this disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0108] In this disclosure, terms such as notice, activate, deactivate, indicate (or specify), select, configure, update, and determine may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and capable of operating may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0109] In this disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher-layer parameters, fields, Information Elements (IE), settings, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, Medium Access Control elements (MAC Control Elements (CE)), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0110] In this disclosure, the upper layer signaling may be any or a combination thereof, such as Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, and other messages (e.g., messages from the core network, such as positioning protocol messages (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages).

[0111] In this disclosure, MAC signaling may include, for example, MAC Control Elements (MAC CEs) and MAC Protocol Data Units (PDUs). Broadcast information may include, for example, Master Information Blocks (MIBs), System Information Blocks (SIBs), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSIs), and Other System Information (OSIs).

[0112] In this disclosure, physical layer signaling may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI).

[0113] In this disclosure, estimation, prediction, and inference may be interpreted interchangeably. Furthermore, in this disclosure, estimate, predict, and infer may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0114] In this disclosure, measurement, CSI measurement, beam measurement, and cell measurement may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, prediction, CSI prediction, beam prediction, and cell prediction may be interpreted interchangeably. An AI / ML model may be used for prediction. Predicted value, predicted measured value, prediction result, and predicted value of measurement may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0115] In this disclosure, inference and prediction may be interpreted interchangeably. Second cell and target cell may be interpreted interchangeably. Resource, cell, carrier, band, frequency, and BWP may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0116] (Wireless communication method) Cross-carrier / interband / interfrequency / BWP inference (cross-carrier inference) means that an entity derives / calculates / predicts / infers a value / measurement on a carrier / band / frequency / BWP based on a value / measurement observed / measured on another carrier / band / frequency / BWP, or on a received signal.

[0117] The first carrier (carrier #1) and the second carrier (carrier #2) in this disclosure may be the perch carrier, anchor carrier, or data carrier described above.

[0118] <First Embodiment> The UE describes the actions / assumptions it makes regarding the resources configured for cross-carrier interference. AI / ML may be used for prediction / inference in this disclosure.

[0119] The UE may receive configuration information regarding a reference signal from the first carrier related to the second carrier, receive the reference signal, perform measurements of the reference signal, and predict / infer the parameters / measurements of the second carrier [RRM / beam / CSI / timing advance (TA)] based on the measured values ​​of the reference signal. The UE may receive configuration information from the first carrier, the second carrier, or other carriers.

[0120] In the first / second embodiments, at least a part of the first or second prediction method described above (prediction based on other cells) may be applied. In the first / second embodiments, the first cell / carrier (carrier #1) corresponds to cell #B (second cell) in the first / second prediction method described above (prediction based on other cells), and the second cell / carrier (carrier #2) in the first / second embodiments may correspond to cell #A (first cell) in the first / second prediction method.

[0121] The UE may receive settings / instructions regarding the reference signal resource / resource set / resource group / signal (hereinafter referred to as resource #1) for cell / frequency / carrier / band / BWP #1 (hereinafter referred to as carrier #1). Resource #1 is associated with cell / frequency / carrier / band / BWP #2 (hereinafter referred to as carrier #2).

[0122] The UE may assume / determine at least one of (1) to (3) below for the configured or instructed resource #1. At least one of (1) to (3) may be realized. The UE may receive information indicating at least one of (1) to (3). The UE may use these assumptions / determinions / information to predict / infer the RRM / beam / CSI / TA for the second cell.

[0123] (1) Resource #1 and the designated / configured / instructed resource / resource set / resource group / signal (hereinafter referred to as Resource #2) of the cell on Carrier #2 are in the same location or have a quasi-co-location (QCL) relationship (e.g., one or more QCL types). The UE may receive the cell ID of the cell on Carrier #2 using the method of <<Notification of Information to the UE>>.

[0124] (2) The number of resources / ports / instances / signals of resource #1 is the same as or different from the number of resources / ports / instances / signals of carrier #2. For example, the number of ports of resource #1 may be the same as the number of reference signals (e.g., SSBs) of resource #2 of carrier #2. For example, the number of ports of resource #1 may be the same as the number of ports of resource #2 of carrier #2.

[0125] (3) Resource #1 (Carrier #1) and Carrier #2 are synchronized / not synchronized. For example, the start position / location / boundary of a radio frame / subframe / slot for Carrier #2 is derived from Resource #1 based on the specified / configured / notified offset.

[0126] (4) Resource #1 and Resource #2 are in different locations or do not have a QCL relationship.

[0127] For example, in the case of carrier aggregation (CA), an SSB-less Scell ​​may be applied. The UE may receive settings about the reference cell in order to measure the SSB of the reference cell.

[0128] Figure 6 shows an example of the first embodiment. The UE may assume, as shown in the first embodiment, that the set signal S1 received from cell #1 (carrier #1) is related to cell #2 (signal of cell #2 (carrier #2)), and derive the parameter / measured value of cell #2 [signal S2] based on signal S1.

[0129] According to the first embodiment, based on the above assumptions / settings, the RRM / beam / CSI / TA of other carriers can be appropriately predicted / inferred.

[0130] <Second Embodiment> In the second embodiment, reporting from the UE is described. The UE may receive configuration information regarding the report (report of measurement prediction / inference results) of carrier #2 corresponding to resource #1 configured on carrier #1. The UE may receive the configuration information from the first carrier, the second carrier, or other carriers. Based on the configuration information, the UE may generate / transmit the report (report of measurement prediction / inference results).

[0131] The report may include at least one of the following: • Measurements of carrier #2, e.g., [L1- / L3-]RSRP / RSRQ / SINR; • CSI of carrier #2, e.g., RI / CQI / PMI; • Resource index of carrier 2 (e.g., SSB index / CSI-RS resource index); • Timing information of carrier 2 (e.g., timing advance (TA), or timing difference between carrier 1 and carrier 2).

[0132] According to the second embodiment, the UE can send appropriate reports based on configuration information.

[0133] <Supplement> <<Notification of Information to UE>> In the embodiments described above, notification of any information from the Network (NW) (e.g., Base Station (BS)) to the UE (in other words, reception of any information from the BS at the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0134] If the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) not defined in existing standards in the MAC subheader.

[0135] If the above notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, or the format of the DCI.

[0136] Furthermore, notification of any information to the UE in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB).

[0137] In the embodiments described above, the UE may receive information from the NW as at least one of the following QCL rules: • QCL type A. • QCL type B. • QCL type C. • QCL type D.

[0138] In the embodiments described above, the QCL source RS for each QCL type may be at least one of the following RSs: • SSB; • CSI-RS with / without repetition; • TRS; • DMRS for PDCCH / PDSCH.

[0139] In the embodiments described above, information from the network may be set / instructed by the following methods: - Common to multiple UEs, or individual to a UE. - Cell-specific, or common to multiple cells. - Per UE / Per CC / Per BWP / Per band / Per cell / Per cell group (CG).

[0140] <<Notification of Information from UE>> Notification of any information from the UE to the NW in the embodiments described above (in other words, transmission / reporting of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signals), or a combination thereof.

[0141] If the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new LCID not specified in existing standards in the MAC subheader.

[0142] If the above notice is made by the UCI, the notice may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0143] Furthermore, the notification of any information from the UE in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB).

[0144] <<Regarding the application of each embodiment>> In UE / BS, specific (one or more) processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information for at least one of the embodiments described above may be applied (or used) if any or more of the following conditions are met: - A higher-layer parameter indicating the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is set; - The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on the relevant higher-layer parameter; - The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is designated / activated / triggered by MAC CE / DCI / UCI / Resource / Channel / RS; - A specific UE capability indicating (or related to) the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is reported or supported; - The application of the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on specific conditions.

[0145] The specific UE capabilities described above may include at least one of the following: supporting the specific processing / operation / control / assumment / information described above; and supporting predictions based on measurements [from other carriers] (e.g., various predictions using the AI / ML models described above) and reporting of predicted values.

[0146] In this disclosure, "to support" and "whether or not to support" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0147] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that applies across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), a capability per frequency (e.g., one or a combination thereof, such as cell, band, band combination, BWP, component carrier, etc.), a capability per frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), a capability per subcarrier spacing (SCS), or a capability per feature set (FS) or feature set per component-carrier (FSPC).

[0148] Furthermore, the specific UE capabilities described above may be capabilities that apply across all duplexing schemes (common to all duplexing schemes regardless of the duplexing scheme), or they may be capabilities specific to each duplexing scheme (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD), Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0149] If the above conditions are not met, UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0150] (Note) The following inventions are added with respect to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Note 1] A terminal having: a receiving unit that receives setting information relating to a reference signal from a first carrier relating to a second carrier and receives the reference signal; and a control unit that performs a measurement of the reference signal and predicts a measurement of the second carrier based on the measurement of the reference signal. [Note 2] The terminal according to Note 1, wherein the receiving unit receives information indicating that the resources of the first carrier and the resources of the second carrier are the same or are in a quasi-co-location (QCL) relationship. [Note 3] The terminal according to Note 1 or Note 2, wherein the receiving unit receives information indicating that the number of resources, ports, and signals of the first carrier is the same as the number of resources, ports, and signals of the second carrier. [Note 4] The terminal according to any one of Notes 1 to 3, wherein the receiving unit receives setting information relating to reporting the prediction result of the measurement of the second carrier, and the control unit generates the prediction result report based on the setting information.

[0151] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of this disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of this disclosure, or a combination thereof.

[0152] Figure 7 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may also be simply called system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), etc., as specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0153] Furthermore, the wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), and the like.

[0154] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the Master Node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the Secondary Node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0155] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity where both MN and SN are NR base stations (gNB) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0156] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) located within the macrocell C1 that form a small cell C2 that is narrower than the macrocell C1. User terminals 20 may be located within at least one cell. The arrangement, number, shape, size, etc., of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the configuration shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when base stations 11 and 12 are not distinguished, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0157] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called a supercell, for example) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called subcells, for example). A supercell may correspond to a cell with a fixed physical range, and a subcell may correspond to a cell whose physical range fluctuates quasi-statically / dynamically. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0158] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of Carrier Aggregation (CA) using multiple Component Carriers (CC) and Dual Connectivity (DC).

[0159] Each CC may be included in at least one of the first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and the second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). A macrocell C1 may be included in FR1, and a small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band above 24 GHz. Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may be in a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0160] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may communicate in each CC using at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD).

[0161] Multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wireless (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between base stations 11 and 12, base station 11, which is the upstream station, may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and base station 12, which is the relay station, may be called an IAB node.

[0162] Base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 via other base stations 10 or directly. The core network 30 may include at least one of the following: Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), Next Generation Core (NGC), etc.

[0163] The core network 30 may include network functions (NF) such as User Plane Function (UPF), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Application Function (AF), Data Network (DN), Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). Multiple functions may be provided by a single network node. Furthermore, communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may occur via the DN.

[0164] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of the following communication methods: LTE, LTE-A, 5G, etc.

[0165] In the wireless communication system 1, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based wireless access scheme may be used. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-OFDM), etc., may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0166] The wireless access method may also be called a waveform. In wireless communication system 1, other wireless access methods (for example, other single-carrier transmission methods, other multi-carrier transmission methods) may be used for the UL and DL wireless access methods.

[0167] In the wireless communication system 1, a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), a Broadcast Channel (PBCH), or a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) may be used as the downlink channel, which is shared by each user terminal 20.

[0168] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink channel may include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), or the like, all of which are shared by each user terminal 20.

[0169] User data, higher-layer control information, and System Information Blocks (SIBs) are transmitted via PDSCH. User data and higher-layer control information may also be transmitted via PUSCH. Furthermore, Master Information Blocks (MIBs) may be transmitted via PBCH.

[0170] Lower-layer control information may be transmitted by PDCCH. The lower-layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) which includes scheduling information for at least one of PDSCH and PUSCH.

[0171] Furthermore, the DCI that schedules PDSCH may be called DL assignment, DL DCI, etc., and the DCI that schedules PUSCH may be called UL grant, UL DCI, etc. Furthermore, PDSCH may be read as DL data, and PUSCH may be read as UL data.

[0172] PDCCH detection may utilize a Control Resource Set (CORESET) and a search space. A CORESET corresponds to the resources used to search for DCIs. A search space corresponds to the search area and search method for PDCCH candidates. A single CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. A UE may monitor CORESETs associated with a given search space based on the search space configuration.

[0173] A single search space may correspond to one or more PDCCH candidates corresponding to aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. In this disclosure, "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," and "CORESET configuration" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0174] PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery acknowledgment information (for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with the cell.

[0175] In this disclosure, downlinks, uplinks, etc., may be expressed without the prefix "link." Also, the prefix "physical" may be omitted from the names of various channels.

[0176] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc., may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, the DL-RS may include a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc.

[0177] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including SS (PSS, SSS) and PBCH (and DMRS for PBCH) may be called an SS / PBCH block, SS Block (SSB), etc. Note that SS, SSB, etc. may also be called reference signals.

[0178] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink reference signal (UL-RS) may include a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), etc. The DMRS may also be called a user-specific reference signal (UE-specific Reference Signal).

[0179] (Base Station) Figure 8 shows an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that one or more of the control unit 110, the transmitting / receiving unit 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140 may be provided.

[0180] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0181] The control unit 110 controls the entire base station 10. The control unit 110 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0182] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 120, transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and transmission path interface 140. The control unit 110 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 120. The control unit 110 may also perform call processing of communication channels (setting, releasing, etc.), status management of the base station 10, management of wireless resources, etc.

[0183] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0184] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122 and a measuring unit 123.

[0185] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0186] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may transmit the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also receive the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0187] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0188] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform processing on data and control information acquired from the control unit 110, for example, at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer (e.g., RLC retransmission control), and the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0189] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, discrete Fourier transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0190] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0191] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0192] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (receiving processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0193] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may also measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), reception quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0194] The transmission path interface 140 may send and receive signals (backhaul signaling) with devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0195] In this disclosure, the transmitting and receiving units of the base station 10 may consist of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission path interface 140.

[0196] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a Radio Unit (RU), a Distributed Unit (DU), and a Central Unit (CU). For example, the RU may implement RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level physical layer functions (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may implement higher-level physical layer functions (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may implement PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer functions.

[0197] In this disclosure, base station 10 may include a single device that implements all the functions of RU, DU, and CU, or it may include multiple devices that each implement some of the functions of RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In this disclosure, base station 10 may be interpreted as RU / DU / CU.

[0198] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may transmit setting information relating to a reference signal from the first carrier related to the second carrier, and transmit the reference signal.

[0199] The control unit 110 may control the reception of the predicted result of the measurement value of the second carrier, which is predicted based on the measurement value of the reference signal.

[0200] (User Terminal) Figure 9 shows an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transmitting / receiving unit 220, and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230. Note that one or more of the control unit 210, the transmitting / receiving unit 220, and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230 may be provided.

[0201] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0202] The control unit 210 controls the entire user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0203] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 220.

[0204] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0205] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222 and a measuring unit 223.

[0206] The transmitting and receiving antenna 230 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0207] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may receive the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may also transmit the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0208] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0209] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc., on data and control information acquired from the control unit 210 to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0210] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0211] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the transform precoding settings. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process to transmit a channel (for example, PUSCH) using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform if transform precoding is enabled for that channel, or it may not perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process if transform precoding is not enabled for that channel.

[0212] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0213] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0214] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (receiving processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0215] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (measuring unit 223) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measuring unit 223 may perform RRM measurement, CSI measurement, etc., based on the received signal. The measuring unit 223 may also measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0216] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on channel measurement resources. Channel measurement resources may be, for example, Non Zero Power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on interference measurement resources. Interference measurement resources may be at least one of the following: NZP CSI-RS resources for interference measurement, CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resources, etc. CSI-IM may also be called CSI-Interference Management (IM), and may be interpreted interchangeably with Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. In this disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0217] In this disclosure, the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 may be composed of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 220 and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0218] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may perform at least some of the processing of the transmitting / receiving unit described in the appendix above.

[0219] The control unit 210 may perform at least some of the processing of the control unit described in the appendix above.

[0220] (Hardware Configuration) The block diagram used in the description of the above embodiment shows functional units. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or it may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wired or wireless connections). A functional block may also be realized by combining the above one device or the above multiple devices with software.

[0221] Here, functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, exploration, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating (mapping), and assigning. For example, a functional block (configuration part) that enables transmission may be called a transmitting unit or transmitter. In all cases, as mentioned above, the method of implementation is not particularly limited.

[0222] For example, a base station, user terminal, etc. in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that processes the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Figure 10 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. The base station 10 and user terminal 20 described above may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, memory 1002, storage 1003, communication device 1004, input device 1005, output device 1006, bus 1007, etc.

[0223] In this disclosure, terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, and unit are interchangeable. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may include one or more of the devices shown in the figure, or it may be configured without some of the devices.

[0224] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown in the diagram, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, the processing may be performed by one processor, or it may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, sequentially, or by other means. Note that the processor 1001 may be implemented using one or more chips.

[0225] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, which allows the processor 1001 to perform calculations and control communication via the communication device 1004, or control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0226] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer, for example, by running an operating system. The processor 1001 may be composed of a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic units, registers, etc. For example, at least a part of the control unit 110 (210) and the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) described above may be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0227] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes accordingly. The program used is one that causes the computer to execute at least a part of the operations described in the above embodiment. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and other functional blocks may be implemented similarly.

[0228] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, or main memory. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for carrying out a wireless communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0229] The storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a Compact Disk (Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a Digital Use Disk, a Blu-ray (registered trademark) disk), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, stick, key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. The storage 1003 may also be called an auxiliary storage device.

[0230] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting / receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network card, communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include, for example, a high-frequency switch, duplexer, filter, frequency synthesizer, etc., in order to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220), transmitting / receiving antenna 130 (230), etc., may be implemented by the communication device 1004. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) may be implemented with physically or logically separated transmitting unit 120a (220a) and receiving unit 120b (220b).

[0231] The input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from an external source (e.g., a keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). The output device 1006 is an output device that outputs to an external source (e.g., a display, speaker, light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.). The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be configured as an integrated unit (e.g., a touch panel).

[0232] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or different buses may be configured for each device.

[0233] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), and a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of each functional block may be implemented using such hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0234] Furthermore, devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NF) may also be implemented using the functional block / hardware configuration described above.

[0235] (Variations) Terms used in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, channel, symbol and signal (signal or signaling) may be used interchangeably. Also, a signal may be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS and may be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc., depending on the applicable standard. Also, a component carrier (CC) may be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0236] A wireless frame may consist of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of these periods (frames) constituting a wireless frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may consist of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0237] Here, the neurology may be communication parameters applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. The neurology may be, for example, at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, specific filtering processes performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processes performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0238] A slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols or Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols). Alternatively, a slot may be a time unit based on neurology.

[0239] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Minislots may also be called subslots. Minislots may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using minislots may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0240] Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols all represent units of time when transmitting a signal. Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols may each be referred to by different names. Furthermore, the units of time such as frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols in this disclosure may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0241] For example, one subframe may be called a TTI, multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, and one slot or one mini-slot may be called a TTI. In other words, at least one of a subframe and a TTI may be a subframe in existing LTE (1 ms), a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing a TTI may be called a slot, mini-slot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0242] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, the base station schedules each user terminal to allocate wireless resources (such as the frequency bandwidth and transmission power available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0243] TTI may be a transmission time unit for channel-encoded data packets (transport blocks), code blocks, code words, etc., or it may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., number of symbols) in which the transport block, code block, code word, etc. are mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0244] Furthermore, if one slot or one mini-slot is referred to as a TTI, then one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more mini-slots) may constitute the minimum time unit for scheduling. In addition, the number of slots (number of mini-slots) that constitute this minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0245] A TTI with a time length of 1 ms may be called a normal TTI, long TTI, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, mini slot, sub slot, slot, etc.

[0246] Furthermore, long TTIs (e.g., normal TTIs, subframes, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a time length exceeding 1 ms, and short TTIs (e.g., shortened TTIs, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a TTI length less than that of a long TTI but 1 ms or more.

[0247] A Resource Block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and in the frequency domain, it may contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be the same regardless of the neurology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be determined based on the neurology.

[0248] Furthermore, an RB may contain one or more symbols in the time domain and may have the length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc., may each consist of one or more resource blocks.

[0249] One or more RBs may also be called Physical RBs (PRBs), Sub-Carrier Groups (SCGs), Resource Element Groups (REGs), PRB pairs, RB pairs, etc.

[0250] Furthermore, a resource block may consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource area comprising one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0251] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), also known as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) for a given neurology in a given carrier. These common RBs may be identified by an index of the RBs relative to a common reference point of the carrier. The PRBs may be defined and numbered within a given BWP.

[0252] A BWP may include UL BWP (BWP for UL) and DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured within a single carrier for a UE.

[0253] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE does not need to assume that it will transmit or receive a predetermined signal / channel outside of the active BWP. In this disclosure, terms such as "cell" and "carrier" may be read as "BWP".

[0254] The structures of wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols described above are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a wireless frame, the number of slots per subframe or wireless frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, and the number of symbols, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length within the TTI can be varied in various ways.

[0255] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or corresponding other information. For example, wireless resources may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0256] The names used for parameters and other elements in this disclosure are not restrictive in any way. Furthermore, mathematical formulas and other elements using these parameters may differ from those expressly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name, and therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not restrictive in any way.

[0257] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of the various different techniques. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0258] Furthermore, information, signals, etc., can be output from upper layers to lower layers and from lower layers to upper layers, or to at least one of the two. Information, signals, etc., may also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0259] Input and output information and signals may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information and signals may be overwritten, updated, or appended to. Output information and signals may be deleted. Input information and signals may be transmitted to other devices.

[0260] Any information described in this disclosure (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) may be communicated from any first device (e.g., UE / base station) to any second device (e.g., base station / UE) that indicates / specifies (or relates to) the value of such any information, even if not specifically stated in the embodiments described above.

[0261] Information notification is not limited to the embodiments described herein and may be carried out by other means. For example, information notification in this disclosure may be carried out by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0262] Physical layer signaling may also be called Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signals), L1 control information (L1 control signals), etc. RRC signaling may also be called RRC messages, for example, RRC Connection Setup messages, RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages, etc. MAC signaling may also be communicated using, for example, MAC Control Elements (CEs).

[0263] Furthermore, notification of the specified information (for example, notification that "X is the case") is not limited to explicit notification, but may also be made implicitly (for example, by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0264] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a boolean value represented as true or false, or by a numerical comparison (for example, a comparison with a predetermined value).

[0265] Software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, and so on, whether they are called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or by any other name.

[0266] Furthermore, software, instructions, information, etc., may be transmitted and received via a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technology (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, or Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) and wireless technology (such as infrared or microwave), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included in the definition of a transmission medium.

[0267] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure may be used interchangeably. “Network” may also mean the equipment included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0268] In this disclosure, terms such as “precoding,” “precoder,” “weight (precoding weight),” “quasi-co-location (QCL),” “transmission configuration indication state (TCI state),” “spatial relation,” “spatial domain filter,” “transmit power,” “phase rotation,” “antenna port,” “layer,” “number of layers,” “rank,” “resource,” “resource set,” “beam,” “beam width,” “beam angle,” “antenna,” “antenna element,” “panel,” “UE panel,” “transmitting entity,” and “receiving entity” may be used interchangeably.

[0269] In this disclosure, "antenna port" may be interpreted interchangeably with "antenna port for any signal / channel" (e.g., a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port). In this disclosure, "resource" may be interpreted interchangeably with "resource for any signal / channel" (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). Resources may include time / frequency / code / spatial / power resources. Furthermore, a spatial domain transmit filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmit filter and a spatial domain receive filter.

[0270] The above group may include, for example, at least one of the following: a spatial relationship group, a code division multiplexing (CDM) group, a reference signal (RS) group, a control resource set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, or a panel group.

[0271] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), and RS may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0272] Furthermore, in this disclosure, TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0273] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) properties," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0274] In this disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, subset may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0275] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information Identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. "Spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive as "a set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)," "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information," etc. TCI state and TCI may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. Spatial relationship information and spatial relationship may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0276] In this disclosure, terms such as “Base Station (BS),” “wireless base station,” “fixed station,” “NodeB,” “eNB (eNodeB),” “gNB (gNodeB),” “access point,” “Transmission Point (TP),” “Reception Point (RP),” “Transmission / Reception Point (TRP),” “panel,” “cell,” “sector,” “cell group,” “carrier,” and “component carrier” may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0277] A base station may house one or more (e.g., three) cells. If a base station houses multiple cells, the entire coverage area of ​​the base station may be divided into several smaller areas, each of which may also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms “cell” or “sector” refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and / or base station subsystems that provide communication services in that coverage.

[0278] In this disclosure, the transmission of information by a base station to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to perform a control / operation based on said information.

[0279] In this disclosure, terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," and "terminal" may be used interchangeably.

[0280] A mobile station may also be called a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other appropriate term.

[0281] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may also be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0282] The term "mobile object" refers to any movable object, regardless of its speed, and naturally includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of such mobile objects include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and items carried on them. Furthermore, such mobile objects may be autonomously driven objects operating based on operational commands.

[0283] The mobile entity may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane), an unmanned mobile entity (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0284] Figure 11 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, a rotation speed sensor 51, a pneumatic pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0285] The drive unit 41 consists of, for example, at least one of an engine, a motor, or an engine-motor hybrid. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0286] The electronic control unit 49 consists of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and communication ports (e.g., input / output (IO) ports) 63. Signals from various sensors 50-58 installed in the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 49. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0287] Signals from various sensors 50-58 include current signals from current sensor 50 for sensing motor current, rotational speed signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by rotational speed sensor 51, air pressure signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by air pressure sensor 52, vehicle speed signals acquired by vehicle speed sensor 53, acceleration signals acquired by acceleration sensor 54, accelerator pedal depression amount signals acquired by accelerator pedal sensor 55, brake pedal depression amount signals acquired by brake pedal sensor 56, operation signals of shift lever 45 acquired by shift lever sensor 57, and detection signals acquired by object detection sensor 58 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0288] The information service unit 59 consists of various devices for providing (outputting) various types of information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, including a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, display, television, and radio, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via a communication module 60 or the like to provide various types of information / services (for example, multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0289] The information service unit 59 may include input devices that accept input from the outside (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) or output devices that perform output to the outside (e.g., display, speaker, LED lamp, touch panel, etc.).

[0290] The driver assistance system unit 64 consists of various devices that provide functions to prevent accidents or reduce the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Inertial Navigation System (INS)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driver assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driver assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0291] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 sends and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle 40.

[0292] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with external devices. For example, it can send and receive various types of information to and from external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Alternatively, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 (it may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0293] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of the following to an external device via wireless communication: signals from the various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on said signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 59. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc., may also be called input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include the information based on the above input.

[0294] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, inter-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on the information service unit 59 installed in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit, which outputs information (for example, it outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 60).

[0295] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, various sensors 50-58, etc., which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0296] Furthermore, the term "base station" in this disclosure may be interpreted as "user terminal." For example, the various aspects / embodiments of this disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Also, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be interpreted as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., may be interpreted as sidelink channel.

[0297] Similarly, the term "user terminal" in this disclosure may be replaced with "base station." In this case, the base station 10 may be configured to have the same functions as the user terminal 20 described above.

[0298] In this disclosure, operations performed by a base station may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. In a network including one or more network nodes having base stations, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with terminals may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (for example, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving Gateway (S-GW), etc., but not limited to these), or a combination thereof.

[0299] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used individually, in combination, or switched between as needed during execution. Furthermore, the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc., of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be rearranged in order, provided they are consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present various step elements using exemplary order and are not limited to the specific order presented.

[0300] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure is Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (where x is, for example, an integer or decimal)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM®), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi®), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX®), IEEE 802.20, systems utilizing Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth®, or other appropriate wireless communication methods, and next-generation systems extended, modified, created, or defined based thereon may also be applied. Furthermore, multiple systems may be applied in combination (for example, a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0301] In this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based solely on" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based solely on" and "based at least on."

[0302] Any reference to elements using the designations “first,” “second,” etc., as used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient way to distinguish between two or more elements. Accordingly, the references to the first and second elements do not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in any way.

[0303] The term “determining” as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may be considered to mean judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, or inquiring (e.g., searching in tables, databases, or other data structures), ascertaining, etc.

[0304] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" may be considered as "judging (deciding)" things like receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory).

[0305] Furthermore, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of some action. In this disclosure, “judgment (decision)” may be interpreted as mutually interchangeable with the actions described above.

[0306] Furthermore, in this disclosure, “determine / determining” may be interpreted as “assume / assuming,” “expect / expecting,” or “consider / considering.” In addition, in this disclosure, “not expecting to do…” may be interpreted as “expecting not to do….”

[0307] In this disclosure, "expect" may be rephrased as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." (where "..." may be expressed as a that clause, an infinitive, etc.) may be rephrased as "be expected ..." or "do (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Similarly, "does not expect ..." may be rephrased as "be not expected ..." or "do not (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be rephrased as "An apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0308] The term "maximum transmit power" as used in this disclosure may mean the maximum transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0309] As used in this disclosure, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” and any variations thereof mean any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” with each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” may be replaced with “access.”

[0310] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they can be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., and, in some non-exclusive and non-exclusive examples, electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency domain, microwave domain, and optical (both visible and invisible) domain.

[0311] In this disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combine" may be interpreted similarly to "different."

[0312] Where the terms “include,” “including,” and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, as is the term “comprising.” Furthermore, the term “or” as used in this disclosure is not intended to mean exclusive OR.

[0313] In this disclosure, if articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, this disclosure may include the fact that the noun following these articles is plural.

[0314] In this disclosure, "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than or equal to," "more than," and "equal to" may be interpreted interchangeably. In addition, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees. In addition, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees, by adding "i-th" (where i is any integer) to the expression (for example, "highest" may be interpreted interchangeably with "i-th highest").

[0315] In this disclosure, "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," and "associated with" may be interpreted as being interchangeable.

[0316] In this disclosure, phrases such as "when A, B", "if A, then B", "B upon A", "B in response to A", "B based on A", "B during / while A", "B before A", "B at (the same time as) / on A", "B after A", "B since A", and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Furthermore, A, B, etc., may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, or regular sentences depending on the context. The time difference between A and B may be approximately zero (immediately after or immediately before). Additionally, a time offset may be applied to the time when A occurs. For example, "A" may be interpreted as "before / after the time offset when A occurs". The time offset (e.g., one or more symbols / slots) may be predetermined or determined by the UE based on notified information.

[0317] In this disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any unit of time (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0318] Although the invention described herein has been explained in detail above, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the invention described herein is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The descriptions herein are illustrative and not intended to be restrictive in any way to the invention described herein.

[0319] This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2025-017072, filed on February 4, 2025. All of its contents are included herein.

Claims

1. A terminal having: a receiving unit that receives setting information relating to a reference signal from a first carrier related to a second carrier and receives the reference signal; and a control unit that performs a measurement of the reference signal and predicts a measurement of the second carrier based on the measurement of the reference signal.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the receiving unit receives information indicating that the resources of the first carrier and the resources of the second carrier are the same or are in a quasi-co-location (QCL) relationship.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the receiving unit receives information indicating that the number of resources, ports, and signals of the first carrier is the same as the number of resources, ports, and signals of the second carrier.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the receiving unit receives setting information relating to the reporting of the prediction result of the measurement value of the second carrier, and the control unit generates the report of the prediction result based on the setting information.

5. A wireless communication method for a terminal comprising: receiving setting information relating to a reference signal from a first carrier relating to a second carrier, and receiving the reference signal; and performing a measurement of the reference signal and predicting a measurement of the second carrier based on the measurement of the reference signal.

6. A base station comprising: a transmitting unit that transmits setting information relating to a reference signal from a first carrier relating to a second carrier and transmits the reference signal; and a control unit that controls the reception of a predicted result of a measurement value of the second carrier predicted based on the measurement value of the reference signal.

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