Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure comprises: a control unit that generates a specific payload on the basis of setting information indicating at least one of inference across a plurality of carriers and sensing, and compresses the specific payload; and a transmission unit that transmits the compressed specific payload. According to the one aspect of the present disclosure, it is possible to improve communication throughput / communication quality.

Description

Terminal, Wireless Communication Method, and Base Station

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station in a next-generation mobile communication system.

[0002] In a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network, Long Term Evolution (LTE) was specified for the purpose of further high data rates, low latency, etc. (Non-Patent Document 1). Also, for the purpose of further large capacity and sophistication of LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9), LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) was specified.

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (for example, also referred to as 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 and later, etc.) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0, "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)", April 2010

[0005] In future wireless communication systems, it is being considered to utilize artificial intelligence (AI) technologies such as machine learning (ML) for network / device control, management, etc.

[0006] One use case for utilizing AI models is the compression of channel state information (CSI) using bidirectional AI models. Such CSI compression methods may also be called AI / ML-based CSI compression or AI-based CSI feedback.

[0007] However, there are cases where AI / ML-based CSI compression has not been adequately considered. If this consideration is insufficient, it is likely that appropriate CSI compression cannot be achieved. As a result, optimal overhead reduction, channel estimation, and resource utilization may not be realized, potentially hindering improvements in communication throughput and communication quality.

[0008] Therefore, one of the objectives of this disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that can improve communication throughput / communication quality.

[0009] A terminal according to one aspect of this disclosure is characterized by having a control unit that generates a specific payload based on configuration information indicating at least one of inference across multiple carriers and sensing, and compresses the specific payload, and a transmission unit that transmits the compressed specific payload.

[0010] According to one aspect of this disclosure, communication throughput / communication quality can be improved.

[0011] Figure 1 shows an example of CSI feedback using an encoder / decoder. Figure 2 shows an example of AI / ML-based CSI compression of Method 1. Figure 3 shows an example of AI / ML-based CSI compression of Method 2. Figure 4 shows an example of carrier design in a future wireless communication system. Figure 5 shows an example of extended AI / ML-based CSI compression. Figure 6 shows an example of a second embodiment. Figure 7 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. Figure 8 shows an example of a base station configuration according to one embodiment. Figure 9 shows an example of a user terminal configuration according to one embodiment. Figure 10 shows an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. Figure 11 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment.

[0012] (Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technology to Wireless Communication) In future wireless communication technologies, the use of AI technologies such as Machine Learning (ML) for controlling and managing networks and devices is being considered.

[0013] For example, terminals (user terminals, User Equipment (UE)) and base stations (BS) are being considered to utilize AI technology to improve Channel State Information (CSI) feedback (e.g., overhead reduction, improved accuracy, prediction), beam management (e.g., improved accuracy, prediction in the spatiotemporal domain), and position measurement (e.g., improved position estimation / prediction).

[0014] The AI ​​model may output at least one piece of information, such as an estimated value, a predicted value, a selected action, or a classification, based on the input information. The UE / BS may input channel status information, reference signal measurements, etc., to the AI ​​model and output highly accurate channel status information / measurements / beam selection / position, future channel status information / wireless link quality, etc.

[0015] In this disclosure, AI may be interpreted as an object (also called a subject, object, data, function, program, etc.) having at least one of the following characteristics: - estimation based on observed or collected information, - selection based on observed or collected information, - prediction based on observed or collected information.

[0016] In this disclosure, estimation, prediction, and inference may be interpreted interchangeably. Furthermore, in this disclosure, estimate, predict, and infer may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0017] Furthermore, in this disclosure, AI models, models, ML models, predictive analytics, predictive analytics models, tools, autoencoders, encoders, decoders, neural network models, AI algorithms, schemes, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. Also, AI models may be derived using at least one of the following: regression analysis (e.g., linear regression analysis, multiple regression analysis, logistic regression analysis), support vector machines, random forests, neural networks, deep learning, etc.

[0018] In this disclosure, the term "autoencoder" may be interpreted interchangeably with any autoencoder, such as a stacked autoencoder or a convolutional autoencoder. The encoder / decoder in this disclosure may employ models such as Residual Network (ResNet), DenseNet, or RefineNet.

[0019] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as encoder, encoding, encoding / encoded, modification / change / control by an encoder, compression, compression / compressed, generating, and generated / generated may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0020] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as decoder, decoding, decoding / decoded, modification / change / control by a decoder, decompressing, decompressing / decompressed, reconstructing, and reconstructing / reconstructed may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0021] (AI / ML-based CSI compression) As a use case for utilizing AI models, CSI compression using bidirectional AI models is being considered. Such a CSI compression method may also be called AI / ML-based CSI compression or AI-based CSI feedback, and may be implemented using, for example, an autoencoder.

[0022] Figure 1 shows an example of CSI feedback using an encoder / decoder. The UE inputs the CSI to the encoder and transmits the information containing the encoded bits (CSI feedback information) from the antenna. The BS inputs the bits of the received CSI feedback information to the corresponding decoder to obtain the output CSI.

[0023] The input CSI may include, for example, information on channel coefficients (elements of the channel matrix) or information on precoding coefficients (elements of the precoding matrix). In other words, the CSI may correspond to information on the channel state in the spatial-frequency domain. Note that the input may also include information other than CSI.

[0024] The CSI output from the decoder may be a reconstructed CSI corresponding to the input to the encoder, or it may be a different CSI from the input to the encoder (for example, if the input information is channel coefficient information, it may be precoding coefficient information).

[0025] Furthermore, the encoder / decoder may include pre-processing of the input and post-processing of the output.

[0026] The encoded bits are more compressed than the input information before encoding, which is expected to reduce the communication overhead associated with CSI feedback.

[0027] The following methods, Method 1 and Method 2, have been considered as AI / ML-based CSI compression methods.

[0028] <Method 1> In Method 1, the AI / ML model may compress / reconstruct the measured CSI (target CSI).

[0029] Figure 2 shows an example of AI / ML-based CSI compression using Method 1. The UE uses a CSI generation unit to compress the measured CSI (target CSI) to generate a CSI for reporting and sends it to a CSI reconstruction unit. The CSI reconstruction unit reconstructs the target CSI based on the CSI sent from the CSI generation unit.

[0030] The CSI generation unit in Figure 2 may have the same function as the encoder in Figure 1. Furthermore, the CSI reconstruction unit in Figure 2 may have the same function as the decoder in Figure 1.

[0031] Furthermore, the UE has a CSI prediction unit and a CSI generation unit. The NW (base station) may have a CSI reconstruction unit. In addition, the UE may have a CSI reconstruction unit [for monitoring] (the same model as the CSI reconstruction unit in the NW (base station)). The same applies to other figures.

[0032] <Method 2> In Method 2, the AI / ML model may compress the CSI report based on the measurement results and reconstruct a time-domain predicted CSI. Method 2 may also be called AI / ML-based CSI compression with time-domain predicted CSI, AI / ML-based CSI compression plus prediction, etc.

[0033] Figure 3 shows an example of AI / ML-based CSI compression using Method 2. The UE uses the CSI generation unit to predict the predicted CSI based on the measured CSI. The UE also uses the CSI generation unit to compress the predicted CSI to generate a CSI for reporting and sends it to the CSI reconstruction unit. The CSI reconstruction unit reconstructs the predicted CSI based on the CSI sent from the CSI generation unit.

[0034] In AI / ML-based CSI compression with prediction, the AI / ML model may perform CSI compression [processing related to CSI] and prediction [processing related to CSI] simultaneously (i.e., the same AI / ML model may perform both CSI compression [processing related to CSI] and prediction [processing related to CSI]).

[0035] For example, the CSI generation unit may perform the prediction of a predicted CSI based on the measured CSI, and the compression of the predicted CSI.

[0036] In AI / ML-based CSI compression with prediction, the AI / ML model may perform CSI compression [processing] and prediction [processing] separately (i.e., multiple (different) AI / ML models may perform CSI compression [processing] and prediction [processing]).

[0037] For example, the prediction of a predicted CSI based on the measured CSI may be performed by a CSI prediction unit, and the compression of the predicted CSI may be performed by a CSI generation unit.

[0038] (Examples of carrier design in future wireless communication systems) In future wireless communication systems (e.g., Rel. 21 and beyond, 6G systems), it is expected that advanced services exceeding those of 5G NR systems will be realized in order to solve social issues in the 2030s and beyond, as exemplified below: - Scalable network (NW). - Easy-to-operate NW. - Sustainable / resilient NW. - Improved performance (e.g., throughput / capacity) at lower bit costs. - Significant reduction in the cost / complexity / power consumption of cellular networks. - Increased revenue / creation of new value through cellular networks.

[0039] For an extensible NW, it is desirable that the basic 6G system design be applicable not only to the use cases in the 6G system but also to potential new use cases in the future. This is because it is beneficial and practical for functions expected to be released in the future.

[0040] For an NW that is easy to operate, it is desirable to avoid specifying multiple options for the same purpose.

[0041] For a sustainable / quickly recoverable NW, a significant reduction in cost / energy consumption is desired for both the NW side and the terminal (user terminal, User Equipment (UE)) side. Also, an improvement in fault tolerance and early recovery for all events (e.g., operation errors / large traffic / disasters, etc.) is desired.

[0042] Hereinafter, referring to FIG. 4, an example of carrier design in a future wireless communication system will be described. The wireless communication system may be composed of a plurality of different types of carriers. In FIG. 4, the wireless communication system includes a first carrier, a second carrier, and a third carrier.

[0043] <Per-carrier> The first carrier may be referred to as, for example, a Perch carrier. The first carrier may be a carrier common to a plurality of UEs.

[0044] The first carrier may be a common carrier regardless of, for example, use cases / services / device types.

[0045] In the first carrier, a common signal (e.g., synchronization signal block / master information block / system information block) may be transmitted. Also, in the first carrier, transmission and reception of data (e.g., information at the application layer) may not be assumed. Also, in the first carrier, transmission and reception of information related to a specific UE or a specific UE group (e.g., information other than the information related to the second carrier) may not be assumed.

[0046] For example, the first carrier may be used for the transmission of the following signals. (1) Synchronization signal (SS ｐ : Synchronization signal for the primary carrier) (2) Master Information Block (MIB) (3) System Information Block (e.g., SIB1), Reference Signal (RS)

[0047] The signal transmitted in the first carrier (the first carrier signal) may always be maintained in an on state.

[0048] The signal transmitted in the first carrier (e.g., synchronization signal block / master information block / system information block) may include information regarding the anchor carrier (second carrier) that is available in the system or used by the UE.

[0049] The first carrier may have a frequency lower than a specific value (e.g., 800 MHz).

[0050] The first carrier may correspond to one (base station) beam.

[0051] The UE may perform first synchronization in the first carrier. The first synchronization may mean the first step / level (e.g., coarse) synchronization among multiple (e.g., two) steps / levels of synchronization.

[0052] The first carrier may be included in, for example, a coverage band.

[0053] By defining / utilizing the first carrier in this way, it is possible to cover all future use cases and contribute to the achievement of an extensible NW.

[0054] <Anchor Carrier> The second carrier may be referred to as, for example, an anchor carrier. The second carrier may be a carrier / frequency used for NW connection / control.

[0055] The second carrier may be an individual carrier for each UE / group of multiple UEs (UE group) / each use case / each service. The UE may determine the second carrier corresponding to its own terminal based on the information obtained in the first carrier.

[0056] The second carrier may transmit signals from the control plane (C-plane). For example, the second carrier may transmit the following signals [in the control plane]: (1) Synchronization signal (SS a (1) Synchronization signal for anchor carrier (2) Paging (3) Additional system information blocks (e.g., SIB2-SIBX) (4) Random access (RA) (5) Signaling radio bearers (SRBs), sparse RS

[0057] Sparse RS may be sparsely transmitted RS (for example, RS set to a sparse RS pattern). For example, sparse RS may be transmitted less frequently than RS transmitted on the first carrier.

[0058] In addition, at least one of the following transmissions / receptions / operations may occur in the second carrier: - Transmission / reception of a system information block for a specific use case (e.g., enhanced Mobile Broad Band (eMBB)); - Connection establishment; - Transmission / reception of a wake-up signal (WUS); - Wake-up receiver (WUR) operation; - Second synchronization; - Information about the third carrier.

[0059] The terms "Wake-up signal (WUS)" and "Wake-up receiver" may be interpreted as "Low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS)" and "Low-power wake-up receiver (LP-WUR)."

[0060] By using a second carrier to perform LP-WUS / WUR related operations, it is possible to reduce network energy consumption and user energy consumption.

[0061] The second carrier (and the signals transmitted on it) does not have to be always on (it may be in a dormant state). For example, the transmission of signals on the second carrier (DL transmission / UL transmission) may be supported to be performed on demand in response to a wake-up signal / trigger signal.

[0062] The second synchronization may refer to the second step / level (e.g., a more precise) synchronization among multiple (e.g., two) step / level synchronizations. For example, a UE may achieve the first synchronization on the first carrier and the second synchronization on the second carrier.

[0063] The second carrier may be included in the first carrier in certain cases (for example, in the case of a [narrowband] IoT device). The second carrier may also overlap the same frequency band as the first carrier.

[0064] The second carrier may, for example, be included in a coverage band.

[0065] At least one operation performed on the second carrier may also be performed on the first / third carrier. Furthermore, at least one operation performed on the first / third carrier may also be performed on the second carrier.

[0066] <Data Carrier> The third carrier may be called, for example, a data carrier. The third carrier may be a carrier used for transmitting / receiving data. The UE may transmit / receive data on the third carrier for a specific use case (e.g., eMBB / other purposes).

[0067] The third carrier could be an individual carrier for each UE, for multiple UEs (UE groups), for each use case, or for each service.

[0068] The third carrier may transmit signals from the user plane (U-plane). For example, the third carrier may transmit the following signals [in the user plane]: (1) Synchronization signal (SS u (1) Synchronization signal for the user plane (2) Data radio bearers (DRBs), sparse RS

[0069] Furthermore, the third carrier may include multiple planes. In Figure 4, the third carrier further includes an X plane. The X plane may be a plane used for a specific purpose. For example, the X plane may be a plane that transmits AI / ML-related signals. For instance, the X plane may be a plane to which a UE capable of performing AI / ML functions is connected.

[0070] The third carrier may transmit X-plane signals. For example, the third carrier may transmit the following signals [in the X-plane]: (1) Synchronization signal (SS ｘ (1) Synchronization signal for X-plane (2) Radio bearer (XRBs), sparse RS for the above specific applications

[0071] The third carrier (and the signals transmitted on it) does not have to be always on (it may be in a dormant state). For example, the transmission of signals on the third carrier (DL transmission / UL transmission) may be supported to be performed on demand in response to a wake-up signal / trigger signal.

[0072] The third carrier may be included in both the coverage band and the capacity band, for example. The third carrier within the capacity band may be used as a surplus carrier.

[0073] The third career may include the first career.

[0074] The UE may communicate using multiple carriers as shown in Figure 4. For example, the UE may monitor multiple frequencies (which may be called monitoring frequencies / synchronous rasters) to detect the first carrier.

[0075] If a first carrier is detected, the UE may perform a synchronous operation (first synchronization) and receive / acquire information (e.g., system information).

[0076] The UE may perform initial access / random access on a second carrier (which may be called an anchor carrier, for example) based on the received / acquired information (e.g., system information) and establish an RRC connection with the NW. At least a portion of the initial access / random access may be performed on the first carrier.

[0077] The UE may transmit / receive data on a third carrier (which may be called a data carrier, for example) that is set up by signals transmitted / received on a second carrier.

[0078] Please note that the names such as perch carrier, anchor carrier, and data carrier used in this disclosure are merely examples and are not limited to these names.

[0079] UE / NW may use the first carrier as a third carrier only in specific cases. Such specific cases may be, for example, at least one of (re-)initial access, fallback cases, and mobility on the second carrier.

[0080] UE may use / monitor the first carrier as a third carrier. Also, U may use / monitor the first carrier as a third carrier in the case of mobility on the first carrier.

[0081] The first, second, and third carriers corresponding to terrestrial networks (TN) and the first, second, and third carriers corresponding to non-terrestrial networks (NTN) may be defined separately or in common.

[0082] Furthermore, certain devices (for example, devices that do not perform cell search / RRC connectivity (e.g., Ambient IoT (A-IoT))) do not need to use a second carrier.

[0083] Furthermore, the carrier design described above may be applied to a cell-free configuration as appropriate. For example, the first carrier may correspond to a first cell (e.g., a supercell) or to a second cell (e.g., an area). Also, for example, the second carrier may correspond to a first cell (e.g., a supercell) or to a second cell (e.g., an area). Also, for example, the third carrier may correspond to a second cell (e.g., an area).

[0084] The first carrier may be a carrier of the first type (e.g., perch). The second carrier may be a carrier of the second type (e.g., anchor). The third carrier may be a carrier of the third type (e.g., data).

[0085] The first, second, and third carriers may include carriers whose carrier type corresponds to a specific service type (e.g., service types A / B / C). The first, second, and third carriers may also include carriers whose carrier type corresponds to a type dedicated to a specific operation (e.g., data / model operations) (dedicated carriers).

[0086] A carrier of type "normal" may be a carrier for normal (general) operation in the first / second / third. A carrier of type "enhanced" may be a carrier for enhanced (non-general) operation (e.g., enhanced AI / ML operation) in the first / second / third.

[0087] (Analysis) As mentioned above, AI / ML-based CSI compression is being considered.

[0088] Several use cases are being considered for using AI / ML models to perform CSI-based inference in future wireless communication systems (e.g., 6G). These use cases may include at least one of the following: inference across multiple carriers (hereinafter also referred to as cross-carrier inference) and sensing (e.g., integrated sensing and communications (ISAC)).

[0089] The inventors are considering extending the AI / ML-based CSI compression with the above-described prediction to other use cases in future wireless communication systems. Specifically, they are considering applying AI / ML-based CSI compression to roles / tasks other than time-domain CSI prediction. Such AI / ML-based CSI compression may be called extended AI / ML-based CSI compression, AI / ML-based CSI compression with extended tasks, AI / ML-based CSI compression with additional tasks, etc.

[0090] Enhanced AI / ML-based CSI compression may be CSI compression that involves at least one of the following tasks (also referred to as operations / processes): ◆ Cross-carrier inference [reporting], ◆ Sensing results obtained from measured CSI, ◆ Other tasks (e.g., environment reconstruction, map reconstruction, etc.).

[0091] Figure 5 shows an example of extended AI / ML-based CSI compression. The UE may use the CSI generation unit to compress the CSI for at least one of the above tasks based on the measured CSI to generate a CSI for reporting and send it to the CSI reconstruction unit. The CSI reconstruction unit reconstructs the CSI for at least one of the above tasks based on the CSI sent from the CSI generation unit.

[0092] However, the UE operation for enhanced AI / ML-based CSI compression has not been sufficiently considered. Furthermore, the CSI reporting type for enhanced AI / ML-based CSI compression has not been sufficiently considered.

[0093] Furthermore, in relation to the cross-carrier inference described above, it is being considered that future wireless communication systems will be composed of multiple carriers of different types (e.g., perch carrier / anchor carrier / data carrier).

[0094] In such a carrier configuration, the UE (User Interface) may frequently switch between multiple carriers of different types to perform communications.

[0095] In such carrier configurations, the use of AI / ML models is being considered from the perspectives of seamless carrier switching, avoiding complexity in UE operation, and suppressing measurement overhead. Specifically, inference of inter-band cell / beam information such as synchronization, radio resource management (RRM), and CSI is being considered using AI / ML models.

[0096] However, such methods of reasoning have not been sufficiently examined.

[0097] Thus, there are cases where AI / ML-based CSI compression has not been adequately considered. If this consideration is insufficient, it is likely that appropriate CSI compression cannot be achieved. As a result, optimal overhead reduction, channel estimation, and resource utilization may not be realized, potentially hindering improvements in communication throughput and communication quality.

[0098] Therefore, the inventors have conceived of the following embodiments. According to one aspect of this disclosure, communication throughput / communication quality can be improved.

[0099] The embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Each wireless communication method according to the embodiments may be applied individually or in combination.

[0100] (Various substitutions) In this disclosure, words enclosed in parentheses () may indicate an explanation of the preceding word (e.g., an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, or supplementary explanation. Also, in this disclosure, words enclosed in square brackets ([]) may be interpreted as part of the overall meaning of the text, or they may be interpreted as being excluded (ignored). Note that parentheses () and square brackets ([]) may be used for purposes / meanings other than those described above.

[0101] In this disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0102] In this disclosure, terms such as notice, activate, deactivate, indicate (or specify), select, configure, update, and determine may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and capable of operating may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0103] In this disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher-layer parameters, fields, Information Elements (IE), settings, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, Medium Access Control elements (MAC Control Elements (CE)), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0104] In this disclosure, the upper layer signaling may be any or a combination thereof, such as Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, and other messages (e.g., messages from the core network, such as positioning protocol messages (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages).

[0105] In this disclosure, MAC signaling may include, for example, MAC Control Elements (MAC CEs) and MAC Protocol Data Units (PDUs). Broadcast information may include, for example, Master Information Blocks (MIBs), System Information Blocks (SIBs), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSIs), and Other System Information (OSIs).

[0106] In this disclosure, physical layer signaling may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI).

[0107] In this disclosure, timing, time, duration, slot, sub-slot, symbol, subframe, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0108] In this disclosure, CSI may include at least one of the following: a Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), a Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), a CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI), an SS / PBCH Block Resource Indicator (SSBRI), a Layer Indicator (LI), a Rank Indicator (RI), L1-RSRP (Layer 1 Reference Signal Received Power), L1-RSRQ (Reference Signal Received Quality), L1-SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio), L1-SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio), information regarding the channel matrix (or channel coefficients), and information regarding the precoding matrix (or precoding coefficients).

[0109] In this disclosure, the measured / reported RS may mean the RS measured / reported for CSI reporting. Also, in this disclosure, RS, resources, etc., may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0110] In this disclosure, RS may be, for example, CSI-RS, SS / PBCH block (SS block (SSB)), etc. Also, the RS index may be a CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI), an SS / PBCH Block Resource Indicator (SSBRI), etc.

[0111] In this disclosure, UCI, CSI report, CSI feedback, feedback information, feedback bit, CSI feedback method, CSI feedback scheme, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0112] In this disclosure, AI / ML-based CSI compression, CSI compression using an AI / ML model, extended AI / ML-based CSI compression, AI / ML-based CSI compression with an extended task, AI / ML-based CSI compression with an additional task, CSI compression, report compression, payload compression, report payload compression, compression, etc. may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, compression, generation, etc. may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0113] In this disclosure, terms such as report, CSI, CSI report, UCI, payload, report payload, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0114] In this disclosure, tasks, operations, processes, purposes, uses, models, functions, features, feature groups, etc., may be interpreted as interchangeable with each other.

[0115] In this disclosure, words related to derive, calculate, predict, infer, generate, compress, etc., may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0116] In this disclosure, [L1 / L3-]RSRP, [L1 / L3-]RSRQ, [L1 / L3-]SINR, information regarding received power / received quality, etc., may be interpreted as being interchangeable.

[0117] In this disclosure, functionality may mean the intended use of the model or the physical meaning of the model's inputs / outputs. Multiple models may have the same functionality. Based on functionality (for example, per functionality), monitoring (performance verification), activation, deactivation, switching, fallback, and updates may be instructed (controlled).

[0118] In this disclosure, "function" may mean a feature (reporting information based on CSI prediction / CSI compression / temporal beam prediction / spatial domain beam prediction) that requires AI / ML capabilities.

[0119] In this disclosure, values, results, information, content, etc., may be interpreted as being interchangeable.

[0120] In this disclosure, entities, AI / ML models, models, functions, features, feature groups, CSI prediction units, CSI generation units, CSI reconstruction units, report prediction units, report generation units, report reconstruction units, etc., may be interpreted as being interchangeable.

[0121] (Wireless Communication Method) In this disclosure, cross-carrier inference may mean that an entity (e.g., a CSI generator) derives / calculates / predicts / infers a value / measurement on another carrier (hereinafter also referred to as carrier Y) based on at least one of an observed value / measurement (measurement result) and a received signal on a certain carrier (hereinafter also referred to as carrier X). Carrier X / carrier Y may correspond to the first carrier (perch carrier) / second carrier (anchor carrier) / third carrier (data carrier) described above, or to a carrier in an existing system (e.g., NR). Carrier X may also be called the carrier being observed / measured, the carrier receiving the received signal for observation / measurement, etc. Carrier Y may also be called the carrier from which the value / measurement is derived / calculated / predicted / inferred, etc.

[0122] In this disclosure, carrier, band, BWP, frequency, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0123] In this disclosure, cross-carrier inference, inter-carrier inference, inter-band inference, inter-frequency inference, inter-BWP inference, cross-band inference, cross-frequency inference, cross-BWP inference, inference spanning multiple (different) carriers, inference spanning multiple (different) bands, inference spanning multiple (different) frequencies, inference spanning multiple (different) BWPs, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0124] In this disclosure, words related to configured, indicated, specified, etc., may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0125] In this disclosure, settings, setting information, instructions, instruction information, information, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0126] <First Embodiment> The first embodiment relates to receiving settings related to report content / tasks.

[0127] The UE may receive settings related to the report content / task.

[0128] With the above settings, at least one of the first information for cross-carrier inference and the second information for sensing may be set as the report content.

[0129] The first piece of information described above may be information relating to the carrier being set (for example, carrier Y). In this disclosure, the terms "the carrier being set," "the carrier from which the measured / predicted value is inferred," "carrier Y," etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0130] For example, the first information above may be information relating to at least one of the following options: ◆ Option 1-A1: RRM measurement of the carrier to be set, ◆ Option 1-A2: CSI of the carrier to be set (e.g., RI, CQI, PMI, etc.), ◆ Option 1-A3: [L1 / L3-]RSRP / RSRQ / SINR of the carrier to be set, ◆ Option 1-A4: Group index of the RS to be set (e.g., SSB / CSI-RS) of the carrier to be set, ◆ Option 1-A5: Synchronization of the carrier to be set.

[0131] The second piece of information described above may also be information relating to an object in the environment. In this disclosure, the object may be an object being sensed, for example, a person, an animal, a vehicle, an obstacle, etc.

[0132] For example, the second piece of information above may indicate the number, type, location, velocity, posture, or gesture of the object.

[0133] Furthermore, the report content indicated by the first / second information is not set in the AI / ML-based CSI compression of Method 1 / Method 2 described above, and therefore may be called additional report content or simply report content.

[0134] Based on the above settings / instructions, at least one of the following options may be set / instructed as a task: ◆Option 1-B1: Cross-carrier inference [reporting], ◆Option 1-B2: Sensing information [acquisition] of objects in the environment (e.g., obtaining sensing results from measured CSI), ◆Option 1-B3: Other tasks (e.g., environment reconstruction, map reconstruction, etc.).

[0135] The above task is not set in the AI / ML-based CSI compression of Method 1 / Method 2 described above, and therefore may be called an additional task or simply a task.

[0136] The above reporting content / task may be reported together with existing reporting content (for example, other reporting content specified in existing standards).

[0137] For example, the above reporting content / task may be reported together with (simultaneously with) existing CSI [content] (e.g., RI, CQI, PMI, RSRP / RSRQ / SINR, etc.).

[0138] The above report content / tasks may be based on the configured resources / RS.

[0139] <<Modification of the First Embodiment>> The tasks set by the above configuration may include time domain CSI prediction.

[0140] According to the first embodiment described above, the report content / tasks can be appropriately set / instructed to the UE.

[0141] <Second Embodiment> The second embodiment relates to UE operation based on the settings of the first embodiment.

[0142] The UE may generate a report payload based on the configured resource / RS based on the configuration of the first embodiment. The UE may also compress the report payload and transmit it to the base station / NW. The base station / NW may reconstruct at least one of the following based on the compressed report payload: information about the configured carrier, information about the object in the environment, and information about the current carrier's CSI.

[0143] The UE may use a configured model to generate the above-mentioned report payload. In this disclosure, the terms model, functionality, feature, feature group, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0144] For example, the model set above may be a model for extended AI / ML-based CSI compression (e.g., the report generation part in Figure 6), or it may be a model similar to the AI / ML-based CSI compression of Method 1 / Method 2 described above (e.g., the CSI generation part in Figures 2 to 5).

[0145] The UE may generate at least one of the following as the report payload: a payload used to reconstruct the report content (e.g., the report content indicated by the first information / second information of the first embodiment) having the set target performance; and a payload used for the task (e.g., the task set within the setting of the first embodiment) having the set target performance.

[0146] Furthermore, the generated payload (the report payload) may be used to reconstruct existing report content (e.g., CSI) that has the set target performance.

[0147] For example, the UE may generate a payload used to reconstruct at least one of the following: information about the carrier to be set (e.g., the second carrier described above), information about objects in the environment, and information about the CSI of the current carrier.

[0148] The information regarding the carrier to be set above may correspond to the information set by the first information of the first embodiment. That is, the information regarding the carrier to be set above may be information regarding at least one of the following options: ◆ Option 2-A1: RRM measurement of the carrier to be set, ◆ Option 2-A2: CSI of the carrier to be set (e.g., RI, CQI, PMI, etc.), ◆ Option 2-A3: [L1 / L3-]RSRP / RSRQ / SINR of the carrier to be set, ◆ Option 2-A4: Group index of the RS to be set (e.g., SSB / CSI-RS) of the carrier to be set, ◆ Option 2-A5: Synchronization of the carrier to be set.

[0149] The information regarding the objects within the environment described above may correspond to the information set by the second information of the first embodiment. In other words, the information regarding the objects within the environment may also be information regarding the number / type / position / velocity / attitude / movement of the objects within the environment.

[0150] Figure 6 shows an example of a second embodiment. The UE may use a report generation unit to generate the [Report] payload based on the measurement of the configured resource / RS. The UE may also compress the [Report] payload and send it to a report reconstruction unit. The report reconstruction unit may reconstruct at least one of the following based on the [Report] payload sent from the report generation unit: information about the configured carrier, information about the target in the environment, and information about the current carrier's CSI. In Figure 6, cross-carrier CSI is shown as an example of information about the configured carrier, sensing results (target location) are shown as an example of information about the target in the environment, and the current cell's CSI is shown as an example of information about the current carrier's CSI.

[0151] According to the second embodiment described above, the UE can appropriately generate / compress the report payload based on the settings of the first embodiment. Furthermore, the NW can appropriately reconstruct the information based on the report payload.

[0152] <Supplement> <<Notification of Information to UE>> In the embodiments described above, notification of any information from the Network (NW) (e.g., Base Station (BS)) to the UE (in other words, reception of any information from the BS at the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0153] If the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) not defined in existing standards in the MAC subheader.

[0154] If the above notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, or the format of the DCI.

[0155] Furthermore, notification of any information to the UE in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB).

[0156] In the embodiments described above, the UE may receive information from the NW as at least one of the following QCL rules: • QCL type A. • QCL type B. • QCL type C. • QCL type D.

[0157] In the embodiments described above, the QCL source RS for each QCL type may be at least one of the following RSs: • SSB; • CSI-RS with / without repetition; • TRS; • DMRS for PDCCH / PDSCH.

[0158] In the embodiments described above, information from the network may be set / instructed by the following methods: - Common to multiple UEs, or individual to a UE. - Cell-specific, or common to multiple cells. - Per UE / Per CC / Per BWP / Per band / Per cell / Per cell group (CG).

[0159] <<Notification of Information from UE>> Notification of any information from the UE to the NW in the embodiments described above (in other words, transmission / reporting of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signals), or a combination thereof.

[0160] If the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new LCID not specified in existing standards in the MAC subheader.

[0161] If the above notice is made by the UCI, the notice may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0162] Furthermore, the notification of any information from the UE in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB).

[0163] <<Other>> Functionality may also refer to a set of parameters that can be supported based on the conditions indicated by the UE's capabilities (e.g., a set of parameters for CSI prediction, beam prediction, and CSI compression).

[0164] The UE may use the method described above in "Notification of Information from the UE" to notify the NW of parameter values ​​related to functionality or models as conditions. For example, conditions may be notified through UE capability reports or UE feature / feature group reports.

[0165] The UE may notify certain parameter values ​​related to functionality or model as additional conditions, using methods other than those described in <<Notification of Information from the UE>> above, or signaling via the NW's air interface.

[0166] The UE may specify certain parameter values ​​as additional conditions using methods other than those described above (<<Notification of Information to the UE>>) or signaling via the NW's air interface.

[0167] The UE may report information / instructions regarding the above parameters (e.g., parameter names) as additional condition information / instructions by means other than the method described in <<Notification of Information from the UE>> above or signaling via the NW's air interface.

[0168] The UE may provide information / instructions regarding the above parameters as additional condition information / instructions by means other than the method described above for "Notification of Information to the UE" or signaling via the NW's air interface. For example, the UE may report a device ID, device vendor ID, etc., as an additional condition, and may instruct a cell ID as an additional condition. For example, the UE may report or be instructed to report information / instructions such as a parameter name (e.g., "UE ID" instead of "Cell ID" or "ID Value") as an additional condition information / instruction.

[0169] Other signaling methods besides signaling via the network's air interface may include pre-configuration by the UE (e.g., by the UE vendor) or methods based on carrier settings provided by the network operator.

[0170] "Model / Functionality for CSI" may refer to a model ID or a CSI report associated with a specific functionality, such as a predictive CSI, compressed CSI, advanced CSI, or CSI of type [x].

[0171] "AI / ML functionality," "model / functionality for CSI," or "functionality for CSI" may refer to functionality indicated by the NW or reported by the UE, such as predicted CSI, compressed CSI, advanced CSI, type [x] CSI, etc.

[0172] "AI / ML model" or "AI / ML model for CSI" or "model for CSI" may be identified by an ID or its functionality and may represent a model / entity that performs the specific functionality described above.

[0173] <<Regarding the application of each embodiment>> In UE / BS, specific (one or more) processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information for at least one of the embodiments described above may be applied (or used) if any or more of the following conditions are met: - A higher-layer parameter indicating the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is set; - The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on the relevant higher-layer parameter; - The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is designated / activated / triggered by MAC CE / DCI / UCI / Resource / Channel / RS; - A specific UE capability indicating (or related to) the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is reported or supported; - The application of the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on specific conditions.

[0174] The above-mentioned specific UE capabilities may include at least one of the following: supporting the above-mentioned specific processing / operation / control / assumment / information; supporting a specific function / model; supporting CSI prediction; supporting CSI compression; supporting CSI reconstruction; or the type of CSI that can be monitored.

[0175] In this disclosure, "to support" and "whether or not to support" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0176] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that applies across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), a capability per frequency (e.g., one or a combination thereof, such as cell, band, band combination, BWP, component carrier, etc.), a capability per frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), a capability per subcarrier spacing (SCS), or a capability per feature set (FS) or feature set per component-carrier (FSPC).

[0177] Furthermore, the specific UE capabilities described above may be capabilities that apply across all duplexing schemes (common to all duplexing schemes regardless of the duplexing scheme), or they may be capabilities specific to each duplexing scheme (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD), Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0178] If the above conditions are not met, UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0179] (Note) The following inventions are added with respect to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Note 1] A terminal having: a control unit that generates a specific payload based on setting information that indicates at least one of inference spanning multiple carriers and sensing, and compresses the specific payload; and a transmission unit that transmits the compressed specific payload. [Note 2] The terminal according to Note 1, wherein the control unit, when inference spanning multiple carriers is indicated by the setting information, performs inference about the value of a second carrier based on the measurement result of a first carrier, and generates the specific payload for inference about the value of the second carrier. [Note 3] The terminal according to Note 1 or Note 2, wherein the control unit, when sensing is indicated by the setting information, acquires sensing results for a specific object, and generates the specific payload for the sensing results. [Note 4] The terminal according to any one of Notes 1 to 3, wherein the specific payload includes content relating to at least one of inference spanning multiple carriers and sensing, and content relating to channel state information.

[0180] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of this disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of this disclosure, or a combination thereof.

[0181] Figure 7 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may also be simply called system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), etc., as specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0182] Furthermore, the wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), and the like.

[0183] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the Master Node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the Secondary Node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0184] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity where both MN and SN are NR base stations (gNB) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0185] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) located within the macrocell C1 that form a small cell C2 that is narrower than the macrocell C1. User terminals 20 may be located within at least one cell. The arrangement, number, shape, size, etc., of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the configuration shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when base stations 11 and 12 are not distinguished, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0186] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called a supercell, for example) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called subcells, for example). A supercell may correspond to a cell with a fixed physical range, and a subcell may correspond to a cell whose physical range fluctuates quasi-statically / dynamically. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0187] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of Carrier Aggregation (CA) using multiple Component Carriers (CC) and Dual Connectivity (DC).

[0188] Each CC may be included in at least one of the first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and the second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). A macrocell C1 may be included in FR1, and a small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band above 24 GHz. Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may be in a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0189] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may communicate in each CC using at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD).

[0190] Multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wireless (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between base stations 11 and 12, base station 11, which is the upstream station, may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and base station 12, which is the relay station, may be called an IAB node.

[0191] Base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 via other base stations 10 or directly. The core network 30 may include at least one of the following: Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), Next Generation Core (NGC), etc.

[0192] The core network 30 may include network functions (NF) such as User Plane Function (UPF), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Application Function (AF), Data Network (DN), Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). Multiple functions may be provided by a single network node. Furthermore, communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may occur via the DN.

[0193] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of the following communication methods: LTE, LTE-A, 5G, etc.

[0194] In the wireless communication system 1, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based wireless access scheme may be used. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-OFDM), etc., may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0195] The wireless access method may also be called a waveform. In wireless communication system 1, other wireless access methods (for example, other single-carrier transmission methods, other multi-carrier transmission methods) may be used for the UL and DL wireless access methods.

[0196] In the wireless communication system 1, a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), a Broadcast Channel (PBCH), or a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) may be used as the downlink channel, which is shared by each user terminal 20.

[0197] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink channel may include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), or the like, all of which are shared by each user terminal 20.

[0198] User data, higher-layer control information, and System Information Blocks (SIBs) are transmitted via PDSCH. User data and higher-layer control information may also be transmitted via PUSCH. Furthermore, Master Information Blocks (MIBs) may be transmitted via PBCH.

[0199] Lower-layer control information may be transmitted by PDCCH. The lower-layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) which includes scheduling information for at least one of PDSCH and PUSCH.

[0200] Furthermore, the DCI that schedules PDSCH may be called DL assignment, DL DCI, etc., and the DCI that schedules PUSCH may be called UL grant, UL DCI, etc. Furthermore, PDSCH may be read as DL data, and PUSCH may be read as UL data.

[0201] PDCCH detection may utilize a Control Resource Set (CORESET) and a search space. A CORESET corresponds to the resources used to search for DCIs. A search space corresponds to the search area and search method for PDCCH candidates. A single CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. A UE may monitor CORESETs associated with a given search space based on the search space configuration.

[0202] A single search space may correspond to one or more PDCCH candidates corresponding to aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. In this disclosure, "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," and "CORESET configuration" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0203] PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery acknowledgment information (for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with the cell.

[0204] In this disclosure, downlinks, uplinks, etc., may be expressed without the prefix "link." Also, the prefix "physical" may be omitted from the names of various channels.

[0205] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc., may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, the DL-RS may include a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc.

[0206] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including SS (PSS, SSS) and PBCH (and DMRS for PBCH) may be called an SS / PBCH block, SS Block (SSB), etc. Note that SS, SSB, etc. may also be called reference signals.

[0207] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink reference signal (UL-RS) may include a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), etc. The DMRS may also be called a user-specific reference signal (UE-specific Reference Signal).

[0208] (Base Station) Figure 8 shows an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that one or more of the control unit 110, the transmitting / receiving unit 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140 may be provided.

[0209] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0210] The control unit 110 controls the entire base station 10. The control unit 110 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0211] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 120, transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and transmission path interface 140. The control unit 110 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 120. The control unit 110 may also perform call processing of communication channels (setting, releasing, etc.), status management of the base station 10, management of wireless resources, etc.

[0212] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0213] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122 and a measuring unit 123.

[0214] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0215] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may transmit the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also receive the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0216] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0217] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform processing on data and control information acquired from the control unit 110, for example, at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer (e.g., RLC retransmission control), and the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0218] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, discrete Fourier transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0219] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0220] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0221] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (receiving processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0222] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may also measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), reception quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0223] The transmission path interface 140 may send and receive signals (backhaul signaling) with devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0224] In this disclosure, the transmitting and receiving units of the base station 10 may consist of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission path interface 140.

[0225] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a Radio Unit (RU), a Distributed Unit (DU), and a Central Unit (CU). For example, the RU may implement RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level physical layer functions (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may implement higher-level physical layer functions (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may implement PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer functions.

[0226] In this disclosure, base station 10 may include a single device that implements all the functions of RU, DU, and CU, or it may include multiple devices that each implement some of the functions of RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In this disclosure, base station 10 may be interpreted as RU / DU / CU.

[0227] The control unit 110 may use configuration information that instructs at least one of inference across multiple carriers and sensing to instruct the terminal to generate a specific payload and compress the specific payload.

[0228] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may receive the compressed specific payload.

[0229] (User Terminal) Figure 9 shows an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transmitting / receiving unit 220, and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230. Note that one or more of the control unit 210, the transmitting / receiving unit 220, and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230 may be provided.

[0230] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0231] The control unit 210 controls the entire user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0232] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 220.

[0233] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0234] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222 and a measuring unit 223.

[0235] The transmitting and receiving antenna 230 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0236] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may receive the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may also transmit the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0237] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0238] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc., on data and control information acquired from the control unit 210 to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0239] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0240] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the transform precoding settings. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process to transmit a channel (for example, PUSCH) using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform if transform precoding is enabled for that channel, or it may not perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process if transform precoding is not enabled for that channel.

[0241] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0242] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0243] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (receiving processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0244] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (measuring unit 223) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measuring unit 223 may perform RRM measurement, CSI measurement, etc., based on the received signal. The measuring unit 223 may also measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0245] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on channel measurement resources. Channel measurement resources may be, for example, Non Zero Power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on interference measurement resources. Interference measurement resources may be at least one of the following: NZP CSI-RS resources for interference measurement, CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resources, etc. CSI-IM may also be called CSI-Interference Management (IM), and may be interpreted interchangeably with Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. In this disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0246] In this disclosure, the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 may be composed of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 220 and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0247] The control unit 210 may generate a specific payload based on configuration information that indicates at least one of inference across multiple carriers and sensing, and may compress the specific payload.

[0248] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may transmit the compressed specific payload.

[0249] If the control unit 210 is instructed by the setting information to perform inference across the multiple carriers, it may perform inference about the value of the second carrier based on the measurement result of the first carrier and generate the specific payload for inference about the value of the second carrier.

[0250] When sensing is instructed by the setting information, the control unit 210 may acquire sensing results for a specific target and generate the specific payload for the sensing results.

[0251] The specific payload may include content relating to at least one of the inference spanning multiple carriers and the sensing, and content relating to channel state information.

[0252] (Hardware Configuration) The block diagram used in the description of the above embodiment shows functional units. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or it may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wired or wireless connections). A functional block may also be realized by combining the above one device or the above multiple devices with software.

[0253] Here, functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, exploration, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating (mapping), and assigning. For example, a functional block (configuration part) that enables transmission may be called a transmitting unit or transmitter. In all cases, as mentioned above, the method of implementation is not particularly limited.

[0254] For example, a base station, user terminal, etc. in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that processes the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Figure 10 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. The base station 10 and user terminal 20 described above may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, memory 1002, storage 1003, communication device 1004, input device 1005, output device 1006, bus 1007, etc.

[0255] In this disclosure, terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, and unit are interchangeable. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may include one or more of the devices shown in the figure, or it may be configured without some of the devices.

[0256] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown in the diagram, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, the processing may be performed by one processor, or it may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, sequentially, or by other means. Note that the processor 1001 may be implemented using one or more chips.

[0257] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, which allows the processor 1001 to perform calculations and control communication via the communication device 1004, or control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0258] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer, for example, by running an operating system. The processor 1001 may be composed of a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic units, registers, etc. For example, at least a part of the control unit 110 (210) and the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) described above may be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0259] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes accordingly. The program used is one that causes the computer to execute at least a part of the operations described in the above embodiment. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and other functional blocks may be implemented similarly.

[0260] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, or main memory. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for carrying out a wireless communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0261] The storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a Compact Disk (Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a Digital Use Disk, a Blu-ray (registered trademark) disk), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, stick, key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. The storage 1003 may also be called an auxiliary storage device.

[0262] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting / receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network card, communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include, for example, a high-frequency switch, duplexer, filter, frequency synthesizer, etc., in order to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220), transmitting / receiving antenna 130 (230), etc., may be implemented by the communication device 1004. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) may be implemented with physically or logically separated transmitting unit 120a (220a) and receiving unit 120b (220b).

[0263] The input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from an external source (e.g., a keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). The output device 1006 is an output device that outputs to an external source (e.g., a display, speaker, light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.). The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be configured as an integrated unit (e.g., a touch panel).

[0264] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or different buses may be configured for each device.

[0265] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), and a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of each functional block may be implemented using such hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0266] Furthermore, devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NF) may also be implemented using the functional block / hardware configuration described above.

[0267] (Variations) Terms used in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, channel, symbol and signal (signal or signaling) may be used interchangeably. Also, a signal may be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS and may be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc., depending on the applicable standard. Also, a component carrier (CC) may be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0268] A wireless frame may consist of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of these periods (frames) constituting a wireless frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may consist of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0269] Here, the neurology may be communication parameters applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. The neurology may be, for example, at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, specific filtering processes performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processes performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0270] A slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols or Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols). Alternatively, a slot may be a time unit based on neurology.

[0271] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Minislots may also be called subslots. Minislots may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using minislots may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0272] Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols all represent units of time when transmitting a signal. Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols may each be referred to by different names. Furthermore, the units of time such as frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols in this disclosure may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0273] For example, one subframe may be called a TTI, multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, and one slot or one mini-slot may be called a TTI. In other words, at least one of a subframe and a TTI may be a subframe in existing LTE (1 ms), a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing a TTI may be called a slot, mini-slot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0274] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, the base station schedules each user terminal to allocate wireless resources (such as the frequency bandwidth and transmission power available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0275] TTI may be a transmission time unit for channel-encoded data packets (transport blocks), code blocks, code words, etc., or it may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., number of symbols) in which the transport block, code block, code word, etc. are mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0276] Furthermore, if one slot or one mini-slot is referred to as a TTI, then one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more mini-slots) may constitute the minimum time unit for scheduling. In addition, the number of slots (number of mini-slots) that constitute this minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0277] A TTI with a time length of 1 ms may be called a normal TTI, long TTI, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, mini slot, sub slot, slot, etc.

[0278] Furthermore, long TTIs (e.g., normal TTIs, subframes, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a time length exceeding 1 ms, and short TTIs (e.g., shortened TTIs, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a TTI length less than that of a long TTI but 1 ms or more.

[0279] A Resource Block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and in the frequency domain, it may contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be the same regardless of the neurology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be determined based on the neurology.

[0280] Furthermore, an RB may contain one or more symbols in the time domain and may have the length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc., may each consist of one or more resource blocks.

[0281] One or more RBs may also be called Physical RBs (PRBs), Sub-Carrier Groups (SCGs), Resource Element Groups (REGs), PRB pairs, RB pairs, etc.

[0282] Furthermore, a resource block may consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource area comprising one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0283] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), also known as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) for a given neurology in a given carrier. These common RBs may be identified by an index of the RBs relative to a common reference point of the carrier. The PRBs may be defined and numbered within a given BWP.

[0284] A BWP may include UL BWP (BWP for UL) and DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured within a single carrier for a UE.

[0285] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE does not need to assume that it will transmit or receive a predetermined signal / channel outside of the active BWP. In this disclosure, terms such as "cell" and "carrier" may be read as "BWP".

[0286] The structures of wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols described above are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a wireless frame, the number of slots per subframe or wireless frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, and the number of symbols, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length within the TTI can be varied in various ways.

[0287] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or corresponding other information. For example, wireless resources may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0288] The names used for parameters and other elements in this disclosure are not restrictive in any way. Furthermore, mathematical formulas and other elements using these parameters may differ from those expressly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name, and therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not restrictive in any way.

[0289] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of the various different techniques. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0290] Furthermore, information, signals, etc., can be output from upper layers to lower layers and from lower layers to upper layers, or to at least one of the two. Information, signals, etc., may also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0291] Input and output information and signals may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information and signals may be overwritten, updated, or appended to. Output information and signals may be deleted. Input information and signals may be transmitted to other devices.

[0292] Any information described in this disclosure (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) may be communicated from any first device (e.g., UE / base station) to any second device (e.g., base station / UE) that indicates / specifies (or relates to) the value of such any information, even if not specifically stated in the embodiments described above.

[0293] Information notification is not limited to the embodiments described herein and may be carried out by other means. For example, information notification in this disclosure may be carried out by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0294] Physical layer signaling may also be called Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signals), L1 control information (L1 control signals), etc. RRC signaling may also be called RRC messages, for example, RRC Connection Setup messages, RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages, etc. MAC signaling may also be communicated using, for example, MAC Control Elements (CEs).

[0295] Furthermore, notification of the specified information (for example, notification that "X is the case") is not limited to explicit notification, but may also be made implicitly (for example, by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0296] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a boolean value represented as true or false, or by a numerical comparison (for example, a comparison with a predetermined value).

[0297] Software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, and so on, whether they are called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or by any other name.

[0298] Furthermore, software, instructions, information, etc., may be transmitted and received via a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technology (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, or Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) and wireless technology (such as infrared or microwave), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included in the definition of a transmission medium.

[0299] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure may be used interchangeably. “Network” may also mean the equipment included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0300] In this disclosure, terms such as “precoding,” “precoder,” “weight (precoding weight),” “quasi-co-location (QCL),” “transmission configuration indication state (TCI state),” “spatial relation,” “spatial domain filter,” “transmit power,” “phase rotation,” “antenna port,” “layer,” “number of layers,” “rank,” “resource,” “resource set,” “beam,” “beam width,” “beam angle,” “antenna,” “antenna element,” “panel,” “UE panel,” “transmitting entity,” and “receiving entity” may be used interchangeably.

[0301] In this disclosure, "antenna port" may be interpreted interchangeably with "antenna port for any signal / channel" (e.g., a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port). In this disclosure, "resource" may be interpreted interchangeably with "resource for any signal / channel" (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). Resources may include time / frequency / code / spatial / power resources. Furthermore, a spatial domain transmit filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmit filter and a spatial domain receive filter.

[0302] The above group may include, for example, at least one of the following: a spatial relationship group, a code division multiplexing (CDM) group, a reference signal (RS) group, a control resource set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, or a panel group.

[0303] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), and RS may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0304] Furthermore, in this disclosure, TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0305] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) properties," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0306] In this disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, subset may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0307] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information Identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. "Spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive as "a set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)," "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information," etc. TCI state and TCI may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. Spatial relationship information and spatial relationship may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0308] In this disclosure, terms such as “Base Station (BS),” “wireless base station,” “fixed station,” “NodeB,” “eNB (eNodeB),” “gNB (gNodeB),” “access point,” “Transmission Point (TP),” “Reception Point (RP),” “Transmission / Reception Point (TRP),” “panel,” “cell,” “sector,” “cell group,” “carrier,” and “component carrier” may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0309] A base station may house one or more (e.g., three) cells. If a base station houses multiple cells, the entire coverage area of ​​the base station may be divided into several smaller areas, each of which may also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms “cell” or “sector” refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and / or base station subsystems that provide communication services in that coverage.

[0310] In this disclosure, the transmission of information by a base station to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to perform a control / operation based on said information.

[0311] In this disclosure, terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," and "terminal" may be used interchangeably.

[0312] A mobile station may also be called a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other appropriate term.

[0313] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may also be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0314] The term "mobile object" refers to any movable object, regardless of its speed, and naturally includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of such mobile objects include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and items carried on them. Furthermore, such mobile objects may be autonomously driven objects operating based on operational commands.

[0315] The mobile entity may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane), an unmanned mobile entity (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0316] Figure 11 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, a rotation speed sensor 51, a pneumatic pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0317] The drive unit 41 consists of, for example, at least one of an engine, a motor, or an engine-motor hybrid. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0318] The electronic control unit 49 consists of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and communication ports (e.g., input / output (IO) ports) 63. Signals from various sensors 50-58 installed in the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 49. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0319] Signals from various sensors 50-58 include current signals from current sensor 50 for sensing motor current, rotational speed signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by rotational speed sensor 51, air pressure signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by air pressure sensor 52, vehicle speed signals acquired by vehicle speed sensor 53, acceleration signals acquired by acceleration sensor 54, accelerator pedal depression amount signals acquired by accelerator pedal sensor 55, brake pedal depression amount signals acquired by brake pedal sensor 56, operation signals of shift lever 45 acquired by shift lever sensor 57, and detection signals acquired by object detection sensor 58 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0320] The information service unit 59 consists of various devices for providing (outputting) various types of information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, including a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, display, television, and radio, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via a communication module 60 or the like to provide various types of information / services (for example, multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0321] The information service unit 59 may include input devices that accept input from the outside (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) or output devices that perform output to the outside (e.g., display, speaker, LED lamp, touch panel, etc.).

[0322] The driver assistance system unit 64 consists of various devices that provide functions to prevent accidents or reduce the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Inertial Navigation System (INS)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driver assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driver assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0323] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 sends and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle 40.

[0324] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with external devices. For example, it can send and receive various types of information to and from external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Alternatively, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 (it may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0325] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of the following to an external device via wireless communication: signals from the various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on said signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 59. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc., may also be called input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include the information based on the above input.

[0326] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, inter-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on the information service unit 59 installed in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit, which outputs information (for example, it outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 60).

[0327] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, various sensors 50-58, etc., which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0328] Furthermore, the term "base station" in this disclosure may be interpreted as "user terminal." For example, the various aspects / embodiments of this disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Also, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be interpreted as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., may be interpreted as sidelink channel.

[0329] Similarly, the term "user terminal" in this disclosure may be replaced with "base station." In this case, the base station 10 may be configured to have the same functions as the user terminal 20 described above.

[0330] In this disclosure, operations performed by a base station may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. In a network including one or more network nodes having base stations, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with terminals may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (for example, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving Gateway (S-GW), etc., but not limited to these), or a combination thereof.

[0331] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used individually, in combination, or switched between as needed during execution. Furthermore, the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc., of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be rearranged in order, provided they are consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present various step elements using exemplary order and are not limited to the specific order presented.

[0332] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure is Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (where x is, for example, an integer or decimal)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM®), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi®), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX®), IEEE 802.20, systems utilizing Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth®, or other appropriate wireless communication methods, and next-generation systems extended, modified, created, or defined based thereon may also be applied. Furthermore, multiple systems may be applied in combination (for example, a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0333] In this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based solely on" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based solely on" and "based at least on."

[0334] Any reference to elements using the designations “first,” “second,” etc., as used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient way to distinguish between two or more elements. Accordingly, the references to the first and second elements do not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in any way.

[0335] The term “determining” as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may be considered to mean judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, or inquiring (e.g., searching in tables, databases, or other data structures), ascertaining, etc.

[0336] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" may be considered as "judging (deciding)" things like receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory).

[0337] Furthermore, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of some action. In this disclosure, “judgment (decision)” may be interpreted as mutually interchangeable with the actions described above.

[0338] Furthermore, in this disclosure, “determine / determining” may be interpreted as “assume / assuming,” “expect / expecting,” or “consider / considering.” In addition, in this disclosure, “not expecting to do…” may be interpreted as “expecting not to do….”

[0339] In this disclosure, "expect" may be rephrased as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." (where "..." may be expressed as a that clause, an infinitive, etc.) may be rephrased as "be expected ..." or "do (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Similarly, "does not expect ..." may be rephrased as "be not expected ..." or "do not (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be rephrased as "An apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0340] The term "maximum transmit power" as used in this disclosure may mean the maximum transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0341] As used in this disclosure, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” and any variations thereof mean any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” with each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” may be replaced with “access.”

[0342] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they can be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., and, in some non-exclusive and non-exclusive examples, electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency domain, microwave domain, and optical (both visible and invisible) domain.

[0343] In this disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combine" may be interpreted similarly to "different."

[0344] Where the terms “include,” “including,” and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, as is the term “comprising.” Furthermore, the term “or” as used in this disclosure is not intended to mean exclusive OR.

[0345] In this disclosure, if articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, this disclosure may include the fact that the noun following these articles is plural.

[0346] In this disclosure, terms such as "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than or equal to," "more than," and "equal to" may be interpreted interchangeably. In addition, in this disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees. Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees, by adding "i-th" (where i is any integer) to the expression (for example, "highest" may be interpreted interchangeably as "i-th highest").

[0347] In this disclosure, "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," and "associated with" may be interpreted as being interchangeable.

[0348] In this disclosure, phrases such as "when A, B", "if A, then B", "B upon A", "B in response to A", "B based on A", "B during / while A", "B before A", "B at (the same time as) / on A", "B after A", "B since A", and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Furthermore, A, B, etc., may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, or regular sentences depending on the context. The time difference between A and B may be approximately zero (immediately after or immediately before). Additionally, a time offset may be applied to the time when A occurs. For example, "A" may be interpreted as "before / after the time offset when A occurs". The time offset (e.g., one or more symbols / slots) may be predetermined or determined by the UE based on notified information.

[0349] In this disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any unit of time (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0350] Although the invention described herein has been explained in detail above, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the invention described herein is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The descriptions herein are illustrative and not intended to be restrictive in any way to the invention described herein.

[0351] This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2025-017100, filed on February 4, 2025. All of its contents are included herein.

Claims

1. A terminal having a control unit that generates a specific payload based on configuration information indicating at least one of inference across multiple carriers and sensing, and compresses the specific payload, and a transmission unit that transmits the compressed specific payload.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit, when the setting information instructs inference to be performed across the plurality of carriers, performs inference about the value of the second carrier based on the measurement result of the first carrier and generates the specific payload for inference about the value of the second carrier.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit, when the sensing is instructed by the setting information, acquires sensing results for a specific object and generates the specific payload for the sensing results.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the specific payload includes content relating to at least one of the inference spanning multiple carriers and the sensing, and content relating to channel state information.

5. A wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising the steps of: generating a specific payload based on configuration information indicating at least one of inference across multiple carriers and sensing; compressing the specific payload; and transmitting the compressed specific payload.

6. A base station having a control unit that instructs a terminal to generate a specific payload and compress the specific payload using configuration information that instructs at least one of inference across multiple carriers and sensing, and a receiving unit that receives the compressed specific payload.

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