Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure comprises: a transmission unit that transmits a transmission request for a downlink reference signal (DL RS) in a first reference signal (RS) set and a second RS set; a reception unit that receives configuration information relating to measurement of the DL RS; and a control unit that measures the DL RS for data collection for training of an artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) model. According to one aspect of the present disclosure, it is possible to improve performance of prediction / inference of CSI / beam.

Description

Terminal, Wireless Communication Method, and Base Station

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station in a next-generation mobile communication system.

[0002] In a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network, Long Term Evolution (LTE) was specified for the purpose of further higher data rates, low latency, etc. (Non-Patent Document 1). Also, for the purpose of further larger capacity and sophistication of LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9), LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) was specified.

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (for example, also referred to as 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+(plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 and later, etc.) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0, "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)", April 2010

[0005] In future wireless communication systems (e.g., NR), the use of Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) models for Channel State Information (CSI) / beam prediction / inference by terminals (user terminals, User Equipment (UE)) is being considered. Furthermore, the collection of training data for these AI / ML models is also being explored.

[0006] However, the procedures for data collection for training AI / ML models are unclear. In this case, the improvement in CSI / beam prediction / inference performance may be suppressed.

[0007] Therefore, one of the objectives of this disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that can improve the performance of CSI / beam prediction / inference.

[0008] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure is characterized by comprising: a transmitting unit that transmits a request to transmit a downlink reference signal (DLRS) in a first Reference Signal (RS) set and a second RS set; a receiving unit that receives setting information relating to the measurement of the DLRS; and a control unit that measures the DLRS for data collection for training an Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) model.

[0009] According to one aspect of this disclosure, the performance of CSI / beam prediction / inference can be improved.

[0010] Figures 1A to 1C show an example of set B / set A / set P in beam prediction. Figure 2 shows an example of measurement timing for set B / set P in beam prediction. Figures 3A to 3C show an example of set B / set A / set P in CSI prediction. Figure 4 shows an example of measurement timing for set B / set P in CSI prediction. Figure 5 shows a series of steps for reporting applicability. Figure 6 shows the steps for option 3 of the first embodiment. Figure 7 shows the CPU occupancy period when transmitting aperiodic (AP) CSI report. Figure 8 shows the CPU occupancy period when transmitting semi-persistent (SP) CSI report. Figure 9 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. Figure 10 shows an example of a base station configuration according to one embodiment. Figure 11 shows an example of a user terminal configuration according to one embodiment. Figure 12 shows an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. Figure 13 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment.

[0011] (Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technology to Wireless Communication) Regarding future wireless communication technologies, the use of AI technologies such as Machine Learning (ML) for network / device control and management is being considered.

[0012] For example, terminals (user terminals, User Equipment (UE)) and base stations (BS) are being considered to utilize AI technology to improve Channel State Information (CSI) feedback (e.g., overhead reduction, improved accuracy, prediction), beam management (e.g., improved accuracy, prediction in the spatiotemporal domain), and position measurement (e.g., improved position estimation / prediction).

[0013] The AI ​​model may output at least one piece of information, such as an estimated value, a predicted value, a selected action, or a classification, based on the input information. The UE / BS may input channel status information, reference signal measurements, etc., to the AI ​​model and output highly accurate channel status information / measurements / beam selection / position, future channel status information / wireless link quality, etc.

[0014] In this disclosure, estimation, prediction, and inference may be interpreted interchangeably. Furthermore, in this disclosure, estimate, predict, and infer may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0015] Furthermore, in this disclosure, AI / ML models, AI models, models, ML models, predictive analytics, predictive analytics models, tools, autoencoders, encoders, decoders, neural network models, AI algorithms, schemes, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. Also, AI models may be derived using at least one of the following: regression analysis (e.g., linear regression analysis, multiple regression analysis, logistic regression analysis), support vector machines, random forests, neural networks, deep learning, etc.

[0016] In this disclosure, methods for training AI models may include supervised learning, unsupervised learning, reinforcement learning, and federated learning. Supervised learning may mean the process of training a model from inputs and corresponding labels. Unsupervised learning may mean the process of training a model without labeled data. Reinforcement learning may mean the process of training a model from inputs (in other words, states) and feedback signals (in other words, rewards) resulting from the model's outputs (in other words, actions) in an environment in which the model interacts.

[0017] In AI model lifecycle management, the data collection stage corresponds to the phase of collecting data for the generation / update of the AI ​​model. The data collection stage may also include data organization (e.g., deciding which data to transfer for model training / model inference) and data transfer (e.g., transferring data to entities (e.g., UE, gNB) that will be used for model training / model inference).

[0018] Data collection may also mean the process by which data is collected by a network node, management entity, or UE for the purpose of AI model training / data analysis / inference. In this disclosure, processing and procedures may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, collection may also mean obtaining a dataset (e.g., usable as input / output) for AI model training / inference based on measurements (e.g., channel measurements, beam measurements, radio link quality measurements, location estimation).

[0019] In the model training stage of AI model lifecycle management, model training is performed based on data (training data) transferred from the collection stage. This stage may include data preparation (e.g., data preprocessing, cleaning, formatting, transformation, etc.), model training / validation (verification), model testing (e.g., checking whether the trained model meets performance thresholds), model exchange (e.g., transferring the model for distributed learning), and model deployment / update (deploying / updating the model to entities that perform model inference).

[0020] Furthermore, AI model training may also refer to the process of training an AI model in a data-driven manner and obtaining a trained AI model for inference.

[0021] In the model inference stage, model inference is performed based on the data (inference data) transferred from the collection stage. This stage may include data preparation (e.g., data preprocessing, cleaning, formatting, transformation, etc.), model inference, model monitoring (e.g., monitoring the performance of the model inference), model performance feedback (feeding back model performance to the entities being trained on the model), and output (providing the model output to the actors).

[0022] Furthermore, AI model inference may also refer to the process of using a trained AI model to produce a set of outputs from a set of inputs.

[0023] Furthermore, the UE-side model may refer to an AI model in which the inference is performed entirely within the UE. The network-side model may refer to an AI model in which the inference is performed entirely within the network (e.g., gNB).

[0024] (Use cases for prediction using AI / ML technology) The following are examples of various predictions using AI / ML models: ・Beam prediction. In beam prediction, beams / resources that achieve RSRP / SINR greater than a threshold are the targets of prediction. Examples include temporal beam prediction, spatial domain beam prediction, and frequency domain beam prediction. ・CSI prediction. Examples of CSI prediction include temporal CSI prediction and spatial domain CSI prediction. For example, in spatial domain CSI prediction, the CSI for a larger number of antenna ports is predicted based on a smaller number of antenna ports.

[0025] In this disclosure, beam prediction, CSI prediction, and specific predictions [using AI / ML models] may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0026] (Consistency) In certain use cases of AI / ML technology, clarifying consistency is being considered to ensure a common understanding among different entities (e.g., UE and NW).

[0027] In this disclosure, consistency may represent an indicator that the type / characteristics of corresponding specific information / operations are consistent / the same / similar. For example, in this disclosure, "consistent" may mean "same" or "similar," such as the collected measurements (predicted values) showing the same (similar) data distribution characteristics (trends), or the measurement methods / transmission / reception methods of signals / channels (e.g., RS) being identical / similar.

[0028] Furthermore, in certain use cases of AI / ML technology, it is considered beneficial if the properties of a specific reference signal (which may also be called specific properties) are consistent.

[0029] Here, "property" may refer to spatial / beam properties, transmit / receive (RX / TX) properties, and path / sample detection / selection properties [for a specific reference signal]. It may also refer to implementation / operational information that the vendor does not wish to disclose.

[0030] <<UE-side model>> The network (gNB / LMF) may guarantee / assure consistency to the UE. For example, the network (gNB / LMF) may set / provide / transmit a consistency ID / associated ID to the UE. This allows consistency to be guaranteed / assured without disclosing the gNB implementation.

[0031] (Associated ID) As mentioned above, support for associated IDs is being considered. UEs may be assigned associated IDs.

[0032] In beam management [the UE side model], the association ID may mean the similar / identical properties (similar / identical properties) of an RS [resource / resource set] or DL ​​Tx beam or set / list of beams associated with the same association ID.

[0033] The association ID can be set at least within the CSI framework. The association ID may also be applied to other use cases.

[0034] The UE may assume (and control DL reception based on) similar properties (similar properties) of DL Tx beams or sets / lists of beams associated with the same related ID.

[0035] In this disclosure, the relevant ID may mean an ID that indicates a property [of a specific reference signal (channel / signal)] associated with a specific (optional) use case of the AI / ML technology.

[0036] (Inference result reporting (IR)) Inference result reporting (IR) may include at least one of the following. These reports may also be called functionalities. - Reporting of predicted beam information. For example, reporting of predicted RSRP, top K beam indication, and top K beam probability. - Reporting of predicted CSI. For example, reporting of type II Doppler CSI.

[0037] The predicted top K beams may refer to the top K resources / beams (where K is 1 or greater) from a set of resources / beams that achieve the highest RSRP / SINR based on the UE-side predictions for the corresponding set of resources / beams. Note that the UE-side predictions may be performed together with the measurements.

[0038] The predicted top K beam probability may represent the percentage / probability that the predicted top K beams include the actual top-1 beam.

[0039] (Beam Prediction / CSI Prediction) <Definition of Set B / Set A / Set P in Beam Prediction> In the present disclosure, Set B may mean an RS resource / beam / time instance that is expected to be measured by a UE for an inference result report (e.g., a predicted beam result). Also, Set B may be interchangeably read with a resource / beam / time instance related to the input of an AI model (which can be an input).

[0040] In the present disclosure, Set A may mean an RS resource / beam / time instance that is expected to be predicted / reported by a UE in an inference result report (e.g., a predicted beam result). Also, Set A may be interchangeably read with a resource / beam / time instance related to the output of an AI model (which can be an output).

[0041] In the present disclosure, Set P may mean an RS resource / beam / time instance for which a measurement value is used by a UE for performance monitoring. Also, Set P may mean a resource / beam / time instance that has no relation to the input / output of an AI model.

[0042] <<Specific Example>> FIGS. 1A to 1C are diagrams showing an example of Set B / Set A / Set P in beam prediction.

[0043] The Set B shown in FIG. 1A may include one or more measurements [results (beams)] that constitute a part of a plurality of predictions [results (beams)] (i.e., Set A).

[0044] The Set A shown in FIG. 1B may include a plurality of predictions [results (beams)] obtained (predicted) from Set B.

[0045] The Set P shown in FIG. 1C may include one or more measurements [results (beams)] that constitute a part of a plurality of predictions [results (beams)] (i.e., Set A). Alternatively, Set P may include one or more other measurements [results (beams)] that have no relation to Set A.

[0046] Also, at least some of the beams in set B and set P may or may not be common / overlapping. All the measurement results in set B and set P may be beams that are different from each other.

[0047] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the measurement timings of set B / set P in beam prediction.

[0048] As shown in FIG. 2, set B and set P may be measured alternately. In this case, set B may be measured first, or set P may be measured first. Also, set B and set P may be measured at the same timing. Further, set P may be measured at a timing before or after the timing of set A (i.e., prediction).

[0049] The time interval between the measurement timing of set B and the measurement timing of set P may be predefined according to the specifications, may be set / instructed by upper layer signaling / physical layer signaling, or may be determined according to the UE capabilities.

[0050] In the present disclosure, performance monitoring is performed using the prediction result based on set A and the measurement results (i.e., actual measurement values) based on set B / set P. Therefore, it is preferable that the prediction time instance of set A and the measurement timings (measurement time instances) of set B / set P are closer. By having closer timings for prediction and measurement, more accurate performance monitoring can be achieved.

[0051] Also, as shown in FIG. 2, the same beam may be the measurement target for each measurement in set B. Different beams may be the measurement targets for each measurement in set P. For example, set P may have different subsets of beams as the measurement targets for each measurement. The subset may include one or more beams.

[0052] Also, the same beam may be the measurement target for set B and set P.

[0053] <Definitions of Set B / Set A / Set P in CSI Prediction> In this disclosure, Set B may mean RS resource / [antenna]port / time instance that is expected to be measured by the UE for inference result reporting (e.g., predictive CSI). Set B may also be interpreted as (potentially) resource / [antenna]port / time instance relating to the input of the AI ​​model.

[0054] In this disclosure, set A may mean RS resource / [antenna] port / time instance that is expected to be predicted / reported by the UE in the inference result report (e.g., predictive CSI). Set A may also be interpreted as a resource / [antenna] port / time instance relating to (potentially being an output of) the output of an AI model.

[0055] In this disclosure, set P may mean an RS resource / [antenna]port / time instance whose measurements are used by the UE for performance monitoring. Alternatively, set P may mean a resource / [antenna]port / time instance unrelated to the input / output of the AI ​​model.

[0056] <<Specific Example>> Figures 3A to 3C show an example of set B / set A / set P in CSI prediction.

[0057] Set B shown in Figure 3A may include one or more measurements [results (CSI)] that constitute a group of predictions [results (CSI)] (i.e., Set A).

[0058] Set A, shown in Figure 3B, may include multiple predictions [results (CSI)] obtained (predicted) from Set B.

[0059] Set P shown in Figure 3C may include one or more measurements [results (CSI)] that constitute a group of predictions [results (CSI)] (i.e., Set A). Alternatively, Set P may include one or more other measurements [results (CSI)] that are unrelated to Set A.

[0060] Furthermore, Set B and Set P may or may not share / overlap at least some ports. Set B and Set P may also have ports where all measurement results are different.

[0061] Figure 4 shows an example of the measurement timing for set B / set P in CSI prediction.

[0062] As shown in Figure 4, Set B and Set P may be measured alternately. In this case, Set B may be measured first, or Set P may be measured first. Also, Set B and Set P may be measured at the same time. Furthermore, Set P may be measured before or after the timing of Set A (i.e., the prediction).

[0063] The time interval between the measurement timing of set B and the measurement timing of set P may be predefined by the specifications, set / instructed by upper-layer signaling / physical layer signaling, or determined according to UE capabilities.

[0064] In this disclosure, performance monitoring is performed using prediction results based on set A and measurement results (i.e., actual values) based on set B / set P. Therefore, it is preferable that the prediction time instance of set A and the measurement timing (measurement time instance) of set B / set P are as close together as possible. By having the prediction and measurement timings closer together, more accurate performance monitoring can be achieved.

[0065] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 4, in set B, the same port may be measured for each measurement. In set P, different ports may be measured for each measurement. For example, in set P, a subset of different ports may be measured for each measurement. This subset may include one or more ports.

[0066] Furthermore, Set B and Set P may measure the same port.

[0067] (Applicability) It is being considered that the UE will determine the applicability of a model / function (applicable models / functions) and report it to the NW.

[0068] In this disclosure, applicability may represent an indicator of whether a particular model / function is applicable or not.

[0069] Figure 5 shows the sequence of steps for reporting applicability. Each step in Figure 5 will be explained below.

[0070] <Step #1> The network sends a message to the UE regarding a UE Capability Query (UECapabilityEnqiry) to initiate the UE's reporting procedure for supported AI / ML capabilities.

[0071] <Step #2> The UE sends a message to the NW regarding UE Capability Information. This message may include information about the features supported by the UE.

[0072] <Step #3> The network provides the user with at least one of the following settings: - That the user is allowed to perform UAI (UE Assistance Information) via other settings (OtherConfig). - Additional conditions on the network side. - Settings regarding supported functions (e.g., inference settings). - Information about applicable functions (e.g., Set A / Set B / Related IDs).

[0073] Beyond the above, UE may have other settings configured (e.g., related IDs).

[0074] <Step between Steps #3 and #4> The UE may determine the applicable functionality based on at least one of the following: - Additional conditions on the NW side (if provided). - Additional conditions on the UE side (if known internally by the UE). - Models available within the device.

[0075] Beyond the above, the UE may determine applicable functions by considering other settings (e.g., inference settings).

[0076] <Step #4> The UE may report applicable features in at least one of the following scenarios: - When configured to provide applicable features and when applicable features are changed via the UAI. - When responding to additional conditions on the NW side that request reporting of applicable features in Step #3. - Applicable features based on information received in Step #3 (e.g., Set A / Set B / Related IDs).

[0077] <Step #5> The network may provide the user audience with settings related to supported features (e.g., inference settings).

[0078] For example, if inference settings based on supported features are not provided in step #3, the NW may provide the inference settings to the UE after the UE reports the applicable features.

[0079] In step #3, if inference settings based on supported features are provided, it is up to the NW implementation whether or not the NW provides the updated settings to the UE.

[0080] <Step #6> The corresponding function may be activated / deactivated / inferred / monitored.

[0081] In the procedure for assessing the applicability of the UE-side model's inference described above, the following points are considered:

[0082] For example, in step #3, the following settings may be provided from the network to the user audience (UE): • The UE is allowed (enabled) to report UAI via other settings (OtherConfig). • The network configures one or more reporting settings (CSI-ReportConfig) for inference settings.

[0083] The CSI reporting settings for model inference on the UE side are not activated immediately after the UE receives the settings in step #3.

[0084] (DL RS Request Procedure) A DL RS request between the UE and the base station may be performed by at least one of the following steps DR1 to DR4.

[0085] The UE may receive specific information regarding the permission of the DL RS request (the UE may set / instruct the permission of the DL RS request based on the specific information) (Step DR1). In Step DR1, the UE may decide / determine the specific information based on the procedure specified in the specification.

[0086] The specific information may include at least one of the following: • Information indicating when / what RS request signaling can be sent. • Information indicating what DL RS (e.g., CSI-RS / Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) / SSB) can be requested. • Information indicating what measurement gap can be requested. • Information indicating what data collection window can be requested.

[0087] The data acquisition window may be, for example, a dedicated PRS processing window for data acquisition.

[0088] The UE may be expected (and may measure) a specific DLRS within the data acquisition window (e.g., the DLRS configured for data acquisition).

[0089] The UE may send a DL RS request (step DR2). The UE may send a DL RS request based on the authorization of the DL RS request in step DR1.

[0090] In step DR2, the UE may send at least one of the following pieces of information as a DL RS request: • Information regarding the (desired) DL RS (e.g., CSI-RS / PRS / SSB); • Information regarding the (desired) measurement gap; • Information regarding the (desired) data acquisition window.

[0091] The UE may receive / measure DLRS for data acquisition (step DR3). The UE may receive / measure DLRS transmitted based on the DLRS request in step DR2.

[0092] In step DR3, the UE may perform measurements for data acquisition.

[0093] The UE may terminate the measurement of the DL RS for data acquisition (step DR4).

[0094] The UE may terminate the reception of DL RS based on the initiation / trigger of a specific process by the UE / NW (base station).

[0095] (Analysis) As mentioned above, in future wireless communication systems, UEs are considering using AI / ML models for CSI / beam prediction / inference. They are also considering collecting data for training AI / ML models.

[0096] For example, during the training phase, the UE might collect data containing relevant IDs for performance in the inference phase. This can maintain consistency between training and inference and improve performance. For instance, the UE may only collect training data if it is necessary and capable of doing so. Otherwise, it can prevent unnecessary RS transmissions and measurements, thus reducing overhead.

[0097] However, the procedures for data collection for training AI / ML models are unclear. In this case, the improvement in CSI / beam prediction / inference performance may be suppressed.

[0098] Therefore, the inventors conceived a method to improve the prediction / inference performance of CSI / beams.

[0099] The embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Each wireless communication method according to the embodiments may be applied individually or in combination.

[0100] (Various substitutions) In this disclosure, words enclosed in parentheses () may indicate an explanation of the preceding word (e.g., an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, or supplementary explanation. Also, in this disclosure, words enclosed in square brackets [] may be interpreted as part of the overall meaning of the text, or they may be interpreted as being excluded (ignored). Note that parentheses () and square brackets [] may be used for purposes / meanings other than those described above.

[0101] In this disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0102] In this disclosure, terms such as notice, activate, deactivate, indicate (or specify), select, configure, update, and determine may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and capable of operating may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0103] In this disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher-layer parameters, fields, Information Elements (IE), settings, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, Medium Access Control elements (MAC Control Elements (CE)), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0104] In this disclosure, the upper layer signaling may be any or a combination thereof, such as Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, and other messages (e.g., messages from the core network, such as positioning protocol messages (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages).

[0105] In this disclosure, MAC signaling may include, for example, MAC Control Elements (MAC CEs) and MAC Protocol Data Units (PDUs). Broadcast information may include, for example, Master Information Blocks (MIBs), System Information Blocks (SIBs), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSIs), and Other System Information (OSIs).

[0106] In this disclosure, physical layer signaling may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI).

[0107] In this disclosure, estimation, prediction, and inference may be interpreted interchangeably. Furthermore, in this disclosure, estimate, predict, and infer may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0108] In this disclosure, RSRP may be interpreted as any parameter relating to received power / received quality, etc. (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, CSI).

[0109] In this disclosure, RS (DL RS) may be, for example, CSI-RS, SS / PBCH block (SS block (SSB)), etc. Also, the RS index may be a CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI), an SS / PBCH Block Resource Indicator (SSBRI), etc.

[0110] In this disclosure, functionality may mean the intended use of the model or the physical meaning of the model's inputs / outputs. Multiple models may have the same functionality. Based on functionality (for example, per functionality), monitoring (performance verification), activation, deactivation, switching, fallback, and updates may be instructed (controlled).

[0111] In this disclosure, "function" may mean a feature (reporting information based on CSI prediction / CSI compression / temporal beam prediction / spatial domain beam prediction) that requires AI / ML capabilities.

[0112] In this disclosure, functionality, functionality ID, model, and model ID may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0113] The first RS set, set A, and the RS [resource] of set A may be interpreted as interchangeable. The second RS set, set B, and the RS [resource] of set B may be interpreted as interchangeable. RS, DL RS may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0114] (Wireless communication method) The UE may request data collection of sets A and B for one function, and may measure sets A and B at a specific complexity. For example, the UE may perform data collection by following the procedure below. Sets A and B may be interpreted as a first RS set and a second RS set.

[0115] Step 1: The UE receives Set A, Set B, and the associated ID. The associated ID is used to maintain consistency between training and prediction / inference.

[0116] Step 2: The UE requests the NW to transmit the downlink reference signal (DLRS) in sets A and B for data acquisition (transmission for measurement) (first embodiment).

[0117] Step 3: The UE receives configuration information regarding the measurement of DL RS in Set A and Set B for data collection in Set A and Set B (Embodiment 2-1).

[0118] Step 4: The UE measures the DL RS in sets A and B [for data collection for AI / ML model training] using a specific CSI processing unit (Embodiments 2-2, 2-3). The UE may report the measurement results.

[0119] Step 5: The UE reports the applicability of Set A, Set B, and related IDs.

[0120] <First Embodiment> The UE may transmit / report information regarding data collection (e.g., a request to transmit DLRS) in the RRCReconfigurationComplete message / UEAssistanceInformation (UAI) report. The transmitted / reported information may be included in the applicability report (step 4 in Figure 5). The transmitted / reported information may be at least one of the information shown in the following options.

[0121] <<Option 1>> Information indicating whether data collection / training (measurements / functions / models corresponding to data collection / training) is applicable / unapplicable (e.g., capability information). For example, it may be indicated that it is unapplicable due to insufficient measurements. The UE may report this information only if the function becomes applicable after additional measurements.

[0122] <<Option 2>> DL RS [Send] request for Set A / B. The DL RS [Send] request may specify which DL RS [Send] to request, for example, by the following information: - Report setting ID (e.g., CSI report setting). - RS resource setting ID (e.g., ID for setting A / setting B). - Associated ID for Set A / B.

[0123] The RS resource configuration may include, for example, information / parameters regarding the time location of the DL RS resource (the time resource of the DL RS). This information / parameters regarding the time location of the DL RS resource may also include, for example, information / parameters indicating the resource's behavior / type in the time domain (e.g., aperiodic / semi-persistent / periodic). At least one of these pieces of information allows for the identification of the DL RS.

[0124] <<Option 3>> Request for DL ​​RS [Send] requests for Set A / B (request for information to be used in DL RS [Send] requests). The UE may send DL RS [Send] requests for Set A / B in Option 2 after this request.

[0125] Figure 6 shows the procedure for option 3 of the first embodiment. The UE sends a DLRS request to the NW (base station). The NW sends the DLRS settings (for example, information indicating the DLRS that can be transmitted) to the UE. The UE sends a DLRS request to the NW. The NW sends the DLRS to the UE.

[0126] According to the first embodiment, when data collection / training is required, DLRS can be received by requesting the NW (base station) to transmit DLRS.

[0127] <Second Embodiment> The UE may measure DLRS for Set A and Set B for UE-side data collection, corresponding to one function, without reporting the CSI to the gNB. The UE may train an AI / ML model for CSI / beam prediction based on the DLRS measurements for Set A and Set B.

[0128] <<Embodiment 2-1>> The UE may receive the CSI settings, which include settings for measuring DL RS, and measure DL RS [for data acquisition].

[0129] The reportQuantity setting in the CSI reporting configuration may be "none" or a specific parameter indicating UE-side data collection, or a specific parameter (cri-RI-PMI-CQI, ssb-Index-RSRP / SINR). The UE may measure DLRS [for data collection] if the reportQuantity setting includes at least one of these.

[0130] The measurement resource settings may be at least one of the following options 1 or 2.

[0131] <<<Option 1>>> The UE may configure (or receive) the settings for the CSI resources in set A and the settings for the DL RS resources (CSI resources) in set B separately. Based on the received settings for the CSI resources in set A / set B, the UE can determine whether the DL RS is included in set A or set B. The settings for the CSI resources may be, for example, CSI resource settings or CSI reporting settings.

[0132] <<<Option 2>>> The UE may receive a single configuration for a DL RS resource (CSI resource) that corresponds to both Set A and Set B. Based on the configured associated ID / associated function, the UE can determine whether the RS is from Set A or Set B.

[0133] <<<Variations>>> Some of the settings for CSI resources in Set A and some of the settings for CSI resources in Set B may be included in a single setting, while other parts of the settings for CSI resources in Set A and other parts of the settings for CSI resources in Set B may be set separately.

[0134] According to Embodiment 2-1, the UE can appropriately perform measurements for data acquisition by receiving settings related to the measurement of DL RS.

[0135] <<CSI Processing Unit (CPU)>> This specifies the number of occupied CSI processing units (O_CPU) for which "none" is set for CSI reporting. The value of O_CPU is 0 when TRS information (trs-info) is set (for time-frequency synchronization based on TRS), and 1 when TRS information (trs-info) is not set (for beam sweeping based on CSI-RS).

[0136] If a CSI report is configured for data collection, the CPU may be designed based on the processing load of data collection.

[0137] <<Embodiment 2-2>> The UE may be configured to have a set number of CPUs occupied during measurements for data acquisition. For example, the calculation of the number of occupied CPUs when condition #X is set will be described below.

[0138] Condition #X may be at least one of the following: Option 1: The report quantity is "none" or a specific value (e.g., a value corresponding to data collection). Option 2: Two separate settings for the CSI resource (e.g., separate settings for set A and set B) are configured. Option 3: A CSI report is configured for UE-side data collection. Option 4: A related ID is configured in the settings for the CSI report / CSI resource.

[0139] The number of CPUs occupied may vary depending on at least one of the following options. The RS [resource / resource set] in each option may mean an RS [resource / resource set] in set A, or an RS [resource / resource set] in set A or set B. RS may be read as DL RS. Option 1: UE capability [corresponding to set A or set B respectively]. Option 2: Number of RS resource sets in one resource configuration. Option 3: Number of RS resources in one RS resource set. Option 4: Number of RS [antenna] ports. Option 5: Allocation of the RS time / frequency domain.

[0140] According to Embodiment 2-2, an appropriate number of CPUs to be occupied in measurements for data acquisition can be determined and used.

[0141] <<CPU Usage Period>> This section explains the CPU usage period when the reported amount is "none".

[0142] Figure 7 shows the CPU occupancy period when transmitting an aperiodic (AP) CSI report. The CPU occupancy period for the AP CSI report starts from the first symbol after the PDCCH that triggers the AP CSI report, and starts from the last symbol of the latest resource of the RS (CSI-RS / SSB) resource for channel measurement for L1-RSRP calculations. ３ This period is until after the specified time.

[0143] Figure 8 shows the CPU occupancy period when transmitting a semi-persistent (SP) CSI report. The CPU occupancy period for the SP CSI report starts from the first symbol (transmission opportunity) of the earliest RS resource (RS resource #1) among the channel measurement RS (CSI-RS / CSI IM / SSB) resources for L1-RSRP calculation, and starts from the last symbol (transmission opportunity) of the newest RS resource (RS resource #2) among the channel measurement RS (CSI-RS / SSB) resources for L1-RSRP calculation, and continues until Z' ３ This period is until after the specified time.

[0144] If an appropriate CPU usage period is not set, problems may arise such as an increased processing load on the UE, or the NW being unable to allocate other CSI reports in parallel.

[0145] <<Embodiment 2-3>> If condition #X is set in UE, at least one of the following options may be applied to the occupancy time of the CSI processing unit (CPU).

[0146] Option 1: The CPU occupancy period is from the first symbol after PDCCH that triggers the AP CSI report until period #1 after the last symbol of the latest resource for the RS (CSI-RS / SSB) channel measurement resource for L1-RSRP calculation.

[0147] Option 2: The CPU occupancy period is from the first symbol (transmission opportunity) of the earliest channel measurement RS (CSI-RS / CSI IM / SSB) resource for L1-RSRP calculation to #2 periods after the last symbol (transmission opportunity) of the most recent RS resource for L1-RSRP calculation.

[0148] Option 3: The period during which data collection is set.

[0149] Depending on the operation of the relevant CSI report time domain, different options may be applied. For example, option 1 may be applied to AP CSI reports, while option 2 or 3 may be applied to SP / periodic (P) CSI reports.

[0150] For options 1 and 2, at least one of the #1 and #2 periods is Z' ３ The period may be the same as or different from the period. At least one of period #1 and period #2 may be sent to the UE using the <<Notification of Information to the UE>> described below.

[0151] According to Embodiment 2-3, an appropriate CPU usage period for measurement for data acquisition can be determined and used.

[0152] <Supplement> <<Notification of Information to UE>> In the embodiments described above, notification of any information from the Network (NW) (e.g., Base Station (BS)) to the UE (in other words, reception of any information from the BS at the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0153] If the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) not defined in existing standards in the MAC subheader.

[0154] If the above notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, or the format of the DCI.

[0155] Furthermore, notification of any information to the UE in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB).

[0156] In the embodiments described above, the UE may receive information from the NW as at least one of the following QCL rules: • QCL type A. • QCL type B. • QCL type C. • QCL type D.

[0157] In the embodiments described above, the QCL source RS for each QCL type may be at least one of the following RSs: • SSB; • CSI-RS with / without repetition; • TRS; • DMRS for PDCCH / PDSCH.

[0158] In the embodiments described above, information from the network may be set / instructed by the following methods: - Common to multiple UEs, or individual to a UE. - Cell-specific, or common to multiple cells. - Per UE / Per CC / Per BWP / Per band / Per cell / Per cell group (CG).

[0159] <<Notification of Information from UE>> Notification of any information from the UE to the NW in the embodiments described above (in other words, transmission / reporting of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signals), or a combination thereof.

[0160] If the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new LCID not specified in existing standards in the MAC subheader.

[0161] If the above notice is made by the UCI, the notice may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0162] Furthermore, the notification of any information from the UE in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB).

[0163] <<Regarding the application of each embodiment>> In UE / BS, specific (one or more) processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information for at least one of the embodiments described above may be applied (or used) if any or more of the following conditions are met: - A higher-layer parameter indicating the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is set; - The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on the relevant higher-layer parameter; - The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is designated / activated / triggered by MAC CE / DCI / UCI / Resource / Channel / RS; - A specific UE capability indicating (or related to) the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is reported or supported; - The application of the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on specific conditions.

[0164] The above-mentioned specific UE capabilities may include at least one of the following: supporting the above-mentioned specific processing / operation / control / assumment / information; supporting AI / ML-based CSI / beam prediction / inference; supporting data collection for AI / ML training; and supporting AI / ML training.

[0165] In this disclosure, "to support" and "whether or not to support" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0166] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that applies across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), a capability per frequency (e.g., one or a combination thereof, such as cell, band, band combination, BWP, component carrier, etc.), a capability per frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), a capability per subcarrier spacing (SCS), or a capability per feature set (FS) or feature set per component-carrier (FSPC).

[0167] Furthermore, the specific UE capabilities described above may be capabilities that apply across all duplexing schemes (common to all duplexing schemes regardless of the duplexing scheme), or they may be capabilities specific to each duplexing scheme (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD), Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0168] If the above conditions are not met, UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0169] (Note) The following inventions are added with respect to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Note 1] A terminal having: a transmitting unit that transmits a request to transmit a downlink reference signal (DL RS) in a first Reference Signal (RS) set and a second RS set; a receiving unit that receives setting information relating to the measurement of the DL RS; and a control unit that measures the DL RS for data collection for training an Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) model. [Note 2] The terminal according to Note 1, wherein the request to transmit the DL RS is included in a Radio Resource Control (RRC) reconfiguration completion message or User Equipment (UE) assistance information. [Note 3] The terminal according to Note 1 or Note 2, wherein the setting information includes a single setting relating to the DL RS resource corresponding to both the first RS set and the second RS set. [Note 4] The number of CSI processing units (CPUs) occupied in the measurement for data acquisition is different for any terminal as described in Note 1 to Note 3, depending on the terminal's capabilities, the number of DL RS resource sets in one resource setting, the number of DL RS resources in one DL RS resource set, the number of DL RS ports, and the allocation of time or frequency domains for DL ​​RS.

[0170] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of this disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of this disclosure, or a combination thereof.

[0171] Figure 9 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may also be simply called system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), etc., as specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0172] Furthermore, the wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), and the like.

[0173] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the Master Node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the Secondary Node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0174] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity where both MN and SN are NR base stations (gNB) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0175] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) located within the macrocell C1 that form a small cell C2 that is narrower than the macrocell C1. User terminals 20 may be located within at least one cell. The arrangement, number, shape, size, etc., of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the configuration shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when base stations 11 and 12 are not distinguished, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0176] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called a supercell, for example) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called subcells, for example). A supercell may correspond to a cell with a fixed physical range, and a subcell may correspond to a cell whose physical range fluctuates quasi-statically / dynamically. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0177] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of Carrier Aggregation (CA) using multiple Component Carriers (CC) and Dual Connectivity (DC).

[0178] Each CC may be included in at least one of the first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and the second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). A macrocell C1 may be included in FR1, and a small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band above 24 GHz. Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may be in a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0179] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may communicate in each CC using at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD).

[0180] Multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wireless (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between base stations 11 and 12, base station 11, which is the upstream station, may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and base station 12, which is the relay station, may be called an IAB node.

[0181] Base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 via other base stations 10 or directly. The core network 30 may include at least one of the following: Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), Next Generation Core (NGC), etc.

[0182] The core network 30 may include network functions (NF) such as User Plane Function (UPF), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Application Function (AF), Data Network (DN), Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). Multiple functions may be provided by a single network node. Furthermore, communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may occur via the DN.

[0183] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of the following communication methods: LTE, LTE-A, 5G, etc.

[0184] In the wireless communication system 1, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based wireless access scheme may be used. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-OFDM), etc., may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0185] The wireless access method may also be called a waveform. In wireless communication system 1, other wireless access methods (for example, other single-carrier transmission methods, other multi-carrier transmission methods) may be used for the UL and DL wireless access methods.

[0186] In the wireless communication system 1, a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), a Broadcast Channel (PBCH), or a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) may be used as the downlink channel, which is shared by each user terminal 20.

[0187] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink channel may include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), or the like, all of which are shared by each user terminal 20.

[0188] User data, higher-layer control information, and System Information Blocks (SIBs) are transmitted via PDSCH. User data and higher-layer control information may also be transmitted via PUSCH. Furthermore, Master Information Blocks (MIBs) may be transmitted via PBCH.

[0189] Lower-layer control information may be transmitted by PDCCH. The lower-layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) which includes scheduling information for at least one of PDSCH and PUSCH.

[0190] Furthermore, the DCI that schedules PDSCH may be called DL assignment, DL DCI, etc., and the DCI that schedules PUSCH may be called UL grant, UL DCI, etc. Furthermore, PDSCH may be read as DL data, and PUSCH may be read as UL data.

[0191] PDCCH detection may utilize a Control Resource Set (CORESET) and a search space. A CORESET corresponds to the resources used to search for DCIs. A search space corresponds to the search area and search method for PDCCH candidates. A single CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. A UE may monitor CORESETs associated with a given search space based on the search space configuration.

[0192] A single search space may correspond to one or more PDCCH candidates corresponding to aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. In this disclosure, "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," and "CORESET configuration" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0193] PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery acknowledgment information (for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with the cell.

[0194] In this disclosure, downlinks, uplinks, etc., may be expressed without the prefix "link." Also, the prefix "physical" may be omitted from the names of various channels.

[0195] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc., may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, the DL-RS may include a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc.

[0196] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including SS (PSS, SSS) and PBCH (and DMRS for PBCH) may be called an SS / PBCH block, SS Block (SSB), etc. Note that SS, SSB, etc. may also be called reference signals.

[0197] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink reference signal (UL-RS) may include a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), etc. The DMRS may also be called a user-specific reference signal (UE-specific Reference Signal).

[0198] (Base Station) Figure 10 shows an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that one or more of the control unit 110, the transmitting / receiving unit 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140 may be provided.

[0199] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0200] The control unit 110 controls the entire base station 10. The control unit 110 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0201] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 120, transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and transmission path interface 140. The control unit 110 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 120. The control unit 110 may also perform call processing of communication channels (setting, releasing, etc.), status management of the base station 10, management of wireless resources, etc.

[0202] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0203] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122 and a measuring unit 123.

[0204] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0205] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may transmit the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also receive the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0206] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0207] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform processing on data and control information acquired from the control unit 110, for example, at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer (e.g., RLC retransmission control), and the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0208] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, discrete Fourier transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0209] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0210] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0211] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (receiving processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0212] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may also measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), reception quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0213] The transmission path interface 140 may send and receive signals (backhaul signaling) with devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0214] In this disclosure, the transmitting and receiving units of the base station 10 may consist of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission path interface 140.

[0215] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a Radio Unit (RU), a Distributed Unit (DU), and a Central Unit (CU). For example, the RU may implement RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level physical layer functions (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may implement higher-level physical layer functions (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may implement PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer functions.

[0216] In this disclosure, base station 10 may include a single device that implements all the functions of RU, DU, and CU, or it may include multiple devices that each implement some of the functions of RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In this disclosure, base station 10 may be interpreted as RU / DU / CU.

[0217] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may receive a transmission request for a downlink reference signal (DL RS) in the first Reference Signal (RS) set and the second RS set. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also transmit setting information related to the measurement of the DL RS.

[0218] The control unit 110 may control the reception of the measurement results of the DL RS measured for data collection for training an Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) model.

[0219] (User Terminal) Figure 11 shows an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transmitting / receiving unit 220, and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230. Note that one or more of the control unit 210, the transmitting / receiving unit 220, and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230 may be provided.

[0220] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0221] The control unit 210 controls the entire user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0222] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 220.

[0223] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0224] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222 and a measuring unit 223.

[0225] The transmitting and receiving antenna 230 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0226] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may receive the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may also transmit the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0227] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0228] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc., on data and control information acquired from the control unit 210 to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0229] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0230] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the transform precoding settings. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process to transmit a channel (for example, PUSCH) using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform if transform precoding is enabled for that channel, or it may not perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process if transform precoding is not enabled for that channel.

[0231] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0232] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0233] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (receiving processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0234] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (measuring unit 223) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measuring unit 223 may perform RRM measurement, CSI measurement, etc., based on the received signal. The measuring unit 223 may also measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0235] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on channel measurement resources. Channel measurement resources may be, for example, Non Zero Power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on interference measurement resources. Interference measurement resources may be at least one of the following: NZP CSI-RS resources for interference measurement, CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resources, etc. CSI-IM may also be called CSI-Interference Management (IM), and may be interpreted interchangeably with Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. In this disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0236] In this disclosure, the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 may be composed of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 220 and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0237] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may perform at least some of the processing of the transmitting / receiving unit described in the appendix above.

[0238] The control unit 210 may perform at least some of the processing of the control unit described in the appendix above.

[0239] (Hardware Configuration) The block diagram used in the description of the above embodiment shows functional units. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or it may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wired or wireless connections). A functional block may also be realized by combining the above one device or the above multiple devices with software.

[0240] Here, functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, exploration, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating (mapping), and assigning. For example, a functional block (configuration part) that enables transmission may be called a transmitting unit or transmitter. In all cases, as mentioned above, the method of implementation is not particularly limited.

[0241] For example, a base station, user terminal, etc. in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that processes the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Figure 12 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. The base station 10 and user terminal 20 described above may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, memory 1002, storage 1003, communication device 1004, input device 1005, output device 1006, bus 1007, etc.

[0242] In this disclosure, terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, and unit are interchangeable. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may include one or more of the devices shown in the figure, or it may be configured without some of the devices.

[0243] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown in the diagram, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, the processing may be performed by one processor, or it may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, sequentially, or by other means. Note that the processor 1001 may be implemented using one or more chips.

[0244] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, which allows the processor 1001 to perform calculations and control communication via the communication device 1004, or control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0245] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer, for example, by running an operating system. The processor 1001 may be composed of a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic units, registers, etc. For example, at least a part of the control unit 110 (210) and the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) described above may be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0246] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes accordingly. The program used is one that causes the computer to execute at least a part of the operations described in the above embodiment. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and other functional blocks may be implemented similarly.

[0247] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, or main memory. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for carrying out a wireless communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0248] The storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a Compact Disk (Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a Digital Use Disk, a Blu-ray (registered trademark) disk), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, stick, key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. The storage 1003 may also be called an auxiliary storage device.

[0249] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting / receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network card, communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include, for example, a high-frequency switch, duplexer, filter, frequency synthesizer, etc., in order to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220), transmitting / receiving antenna 130 (230), etc., may be implemented by the communication device 1004. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) may be implemented with physically or logically separated transmitting unit 120a (220a) and receiving unit 120b (220b).

[0250] The input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from an external source (e.g., a keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). The output device 1006 is an output device that outputs to an external source (e.g., a display, speaker, light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.). The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be configured as an integrated unit (e.g., a touch panel).

[0251] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or different buses may be configured for each device.

[0252] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), and a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of each functional block may be implemented using such hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0253] Furthermore, devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NF) may also be implemented using the functional block / hardware configuration described above.

[0254] (Variations) Terms used in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, channel, symbol and signal (signal or signaling) may be used interchangeably. Also, a signal may be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS and may be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc., depending on the applicable standard. Also, a component carrier (CC) may be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0255] A wireless frame may consist of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of these periods (frames) constituting a wireless frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may consist of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0256] Here, the neurology may be communication parameters applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. The neurology may be, for example, at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, specific filtering processes performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processes performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0257] A slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols or Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols). Alternatively, a slot may be a time unit based on neurology.

[0258] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Minislots may also be called subslots. Minislots may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using minislots may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0259] Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols all represent units of time when transmitting a signal. Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols may each be referred to by different names. Furthermore, the units of time such as frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols in this disclosure may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0260] For example, one subframe may be called a TTI, multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, and one slot or one mini-slot may be called a TTI. In other words, at least one of a subframe and a TTI may be a subframe in existing LTE (1 ms), a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing a TTI may be called a slot, mini-slot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0261] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, the base station schedules each user terminal to allocate wireless resources (such as the frequency bandwidth and transmission power available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0262] TTI may be a transmission time unit for channel-encoded data packets (transport blocks), code blocks, code words, etc., or it may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., number of symbols) in which the transport block, code block, code word, etc. are mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0263] Furthermore, if one slot or one mini-slot is referred to as a TTI, then one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more mini-slots) may constitute the minimum time unit for scheduling. In addition, the number of slots (number of mini-slots) that constitute this minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0264] A TTI with a time length of 1 ms may be called a normal TTI, long TTI, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, mini slot, sub slot, slot, etc.

[0265] Furthermore, long TTIs (e.g., normal TTIs, subframes, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a time length exceeding 1 ms, and short TTIs (e.g., shortened TTIs, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a TTI length less than that of a long TTI but 1 ms or more.

[0266] A Resource Block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and in the frequency domain, it may contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be the same regardless of the neurology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be determined based on the neurology.

[0267] Furthermore, an RB may contain one or more symbols in the time domain and may have the length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc., may each consist of one or more resource blocks.

[0268] One or more RBs may also be called Physical RBs (PRBs), Sub-Carrier Groups (SCGs), Resource Element Groups (REGs), PRB pairs, RB pairs, etc.

[0269] Furthermore, a resource block may consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource area comprising one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0270] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), also known as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) for a given neurology in a given carrier. These common RBs may be identified by an index of the RBs relative to a common reference point of the carrier. The PRBs may be defined and numbered within a given BWP.

[0271] A BWP may include UL BWP (BWP for UL) and DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured within a single carrier for a UE.

[0272] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE does not need to assume that it will transmit or receive a predetermined signal / channel outside of the active BWP. In this disclosure, terms such as "cell" and "carrier" may be read as "BWP".

[0273] The structures of wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols described above are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a wireless frame, the number of slots per subframe or wireless frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, and the number of symbols, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length within the TTI can be varied in various ways.

[0274] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or corresponding other information. For example, wireless resources may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0275] The names used for parameters and other elements in this disclosure are not restrictive in any way. Furthermore, mathematical formulas and other elements using these parameters may differ from those expressly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name, and therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not restrictive in any way.

[0276] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of the various different techniques. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0277] Furthermore, information, signals, etc., can be output from upper layers to lower layers and from lower layers to upper layers, or to at least one of the two. Information, signals, etc., may also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0278] Input and output information and signals may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information and signals may be overwritten, updated, or appended to. Output information and signals may be deleted. Input information and signals may be transmitted to other devices.

[0279] Any information described in this disclosure (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) may be communicated from any first device (e.g., UE / base station) to any second device (e.g., base station / UE) that indicates / specifies (or relates to) the value of such any information, even if not specifically stated in the embodiments described above.

[0280] Information notification is not limited to the embodiments described herein and may be carried out by other means. For example, information notification in this disclosure may be carried out by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0281] Physical layer signaling may also be called Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signals), L1 control information (L1 control signals), etc. RRC signaling may also be called RRC messages, for example, RRC Connection Setup messages, RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages, etc. MAC signaling may also be communicated using, for example, MAC Control Elements (CEs).

[0282] Furthermore, notification of the specified information (for example, notification that "X is the case") is not limited to explicit notification, but may also be made implicitly (for example, by not providing notification of the specified information or by providing notification of other information).

[0283] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a boolean value represented as true or false, or by a numerical comparison (for example, a comparison with a predetermined value).

[0284] Software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, and so on, whether they are called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or by any other name.

[0285] Furthermore, software, instructions, information, etc., may be transmitted and received via a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technology (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, or Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) and wireless technology (such as infrared or microwave), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included in the definition of a transmission medium.

[0286] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure may be used interchangeably. “Network” may also mean the equipment included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0287] In this disclosure, terms such as “precoding,” “precoder,” “weight (precoding weight),” “quasi-co-location (QCL),” “transmission configuration indication state (TCI state),” “spatial relation,” “spatial domain filter,” “transmit power,” “phase rotation,” “antenna port,” “layer,” “number of layers,” “rank,” “resource,” “resource set,” “beam,” “beam width,” “beam angle,” “antenna,” “antenna element,” “panel,” “UE panel,” “transmitting entity,” and “receiving entity” may be used interchangeably.

[0288] In this disclosure, "antenna port" may be interpreted interchangeably with "antenna port for any signal / channel" (e.g., a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port). In this disclosure, "resource" may be interpreted interchangeably with "resource for any signal / channel" (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). Resources may include time / frequency / code / spatial / power resources. Furthermore, a spatial domain transmit filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmit filter and a spatial domain receive filter.

[0289] The above group may include, for example, at least one of the following: a spatial relationship group, a code division multiplexing (CDM) group, a reference signal (RS) group, a control resource set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, or a panel group.

[0290] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), and RS may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0291] Furthermore, in this disclosure, TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0292] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) properties," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0293] In this disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, subset may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0294] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information Identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. "Spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive as "a set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)," "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information," etc. TCI state and TCI may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. Spatial relationship information and spatial relationship may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0295] In this disclosure, terms such as “Base Station (BS),” “wireless base station,” “fixed station,” “NodeB,” “eNB (eNodeB),” “gNB (gNodeB),” “access point,” “Transmission Point (TP),” “Reception Point (RP),” “Transmission / Reception Point (TRP),” “panel,” “cell,” “sector,” “cell group,” “carrier,” and “component carrier” may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0296] A base station may house one or more (e.g., three) cells. If a base station houses multiple cells, the entire coverage area of ​​the base station may be divided into several smaller areas, each of which may also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms “cell” or “sector” refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and / or base station subsystems that provide communication services in that coverage.

[0297] In this disclosure, the transmission of information by a base station to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to perform a control / operation based on said information.

[0298] In this disclosure, terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," and "terminal" may be used interchangeably.

[0299] A mobile station may also be called a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other appropriate term.

[0300] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may also be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0301] The term "mobile object" refers to any movable object, regardless of its speed, and naturally includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of such mobile objects include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and items carried on them. Furthermore, such mobile objects may be autonomously driven objects operating based on operational commands.

[0302] The mobile entity may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane), an unmanned mobile entity (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0303] Figure 13 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, a rotation speed sensor 51, a pneumatic pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0304] The drive unit 41 consists of, for example, at least one of an engine, a motor, or an engine-motor hybrid. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0305] The electronic control unit 49 consists of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and communication ports (e.g., input / output (IO) ports) 63. Signals from various sensors 50-58 installed in the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 49. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0306] Signals from various sensors 50-58 include current signals from current sensor 50 for sensing motor current, rotational speed signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by rotational speed sensor 51, air pressure signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by air pressure sensor 52, vehicle speed signals acquired by vehicle speed sensor 53, acceleration signals acquired by acceleration sensor 54, accelerator pedal depression amount signals acquired by accelerator pedal sensor 55, brake pedal depression amount signals acquired by brake pedal sensor 56, operation signals of shift lever 45 acquired by shift lever sensor 57, and detection signals acquired by object detection sensor 58 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0307] The information service unit 59 consists of various devices for providing (outputting) various types of information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, including a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, display, television, and radio, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via a communication module 60 or the like to provide various types of information / services (for example, multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0308] The information service unit 59 may include input devices that accept input from the outside (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) or output devices that perform output to the outside (e.g., display, speaker, LED lamp, touch panel, etc.).

[0309] The driver assistance system unit 64 consists of various devices that provide functions to prevent accidents or reduce the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Inertial Navigation System (INS)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driver assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driver assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0310] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 sends and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle 40.

[0311] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with external devices. For example, it can send and receive various types of information to and from external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Alternatively, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 (it may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0312] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of the following to an external device via wireless communication: signals from the various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on said signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 59. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc., may also be called input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include the information based on the above input.

[0313] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, inter-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on the information service unit 59 installed in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit, which outputs information (for example, it outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 60).

[0314] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, various sensors 50-58, etc., which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0315] Furthermore, the term "base station" in this disclosure may be interpreted as "user terminal." For example, the various aspects / embodiments of this disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Also, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be interpreted as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., may be interpreted as sidelink channel.

[0316] Similarly, the term "user terminal" in this disclosure may be replaced with "base station." In this case, the base station 10 may be configured to have the same functions as the user terminal 20 described above.

[0317] In this disclosure, operations performed by a base station may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. In a network including one or more network nodes having base stations, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with terminals may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (for example, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving Gateway (S-GW), etc., but not limited to these), or a combination thereof.

[0318] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used individually, in combination, or switched between as needed during execution. Furthermore, the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc., of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be rearranged in order, provided they are consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present various step elements using exemplary order and are not limited to the specific order presented.

[0319] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure is Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (where x is, for example, an integer or decimal)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM®), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi®), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX®), IEEE 802.20, systems utilizing Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth®, or other appropriate wireless communication methods, and next-generation systems extended, modified, created, or defined based thereon may also be applied. Furthermore, multiple systems may be applied in combination (for example, a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0320] In this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based solely on" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based solely on" and "based at least on."

[0321] Any reference to elements using the designations “first,” “second,” etc., as used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient way to distinguish between two or more elements. Accordingly, the references to the first and second elements do not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in any way.

[0322] The term “determining” as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may be considered to mean judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, or inquiring (e.g., searching in tables, databases, or other data structures), ascertaining, etc.

[0323] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" may be considered as "judging (deciding)" things like receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory).

[0324] Furthermore, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of some action. In this disclosure, “judgment (decision)” may be interpreted as mutually interchangeable with the actions described above.

[0325] Furthermore, in this disclosure, “determine / determining” may be interpreted as “assume / assuming,” “expect / expecting,” or “consider / considering.” In addition, in this disclosure, “not expecting to do…” may be interpreted as “expecting not to do….”

[0326] In this disclosure, "expect" may be rephrased as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." (where "..." may be expressed as a that clause, an infinitive, etc.) may be rephrased as "be expected ..." or "do (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Similarly, "does not expect ..." may be rephrased as "be not expected ..." or "do not (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be rephrased as "An apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0327] The term "maximum transmit power" as used in this disclosure may mean the maximum transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0328] As used in this disclosure, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” and any variations thereof mean any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” with each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” may be replaced with “access.”

[0329] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they can be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., and, in some non-exclusive and non-exclusive examples, electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency domain, microwave domain, and optical (both visible and invisible) domain.

[0330] In this disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combine" may be interpreted similarly to "different."

[0331] Where the terms “include,” “including,” and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, as is the term “comprising.” Furthermore, the term “or” as used in this disclosure is not intended to mean exclusive OR.

[0332] In this disclosure, if articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, this disclosure may include the fact that the noun following these articles is plural.

[0333] In this disclosure, "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than or equal to," "more than," and "equal to" may be interpreted interchangeably. In addition, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees. In addition, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees, by adding "i-th" (where i is any integer) to the expression (for example, "highest" may be interpreted interchangeably with "i-th highest").

[0334] In this disclosure, "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," and "associated with" may be interpreted as being interchangeable.

[0335] In this disclosure, phrases such as "when A, B", "if A, then B", "B upon A", "B in response to A", "B based on A", "B during / while A", "B before A", "B at (the same time as) / on A", "B after A", "B since A", and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Furthermore, A, B, etc., may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, or regular sentences depending on the context. The time difference between A and B may be approximately zero (immediately after or immediately before). Additionally, a time offset may be applied to the time when A occurs. For example, "A" may be interpreted as "before / after the time offset when A occurs". The time offset (e.g., one or more symbols / slots) may be predetermined or determined by the UE based on notified information.

[0336] In this disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any unit of time (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0337] Although the invention described herein has been explained in detail above, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the invention described herein is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The descriptions herein are illustrative and not intended to be restrictive in any way to the invention described herein.

[0338] This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2025-019502, filed on February 7, 2025. All of its contents are included here.

Claims

A transmitting unit that transmits a request to transmit a downlink reference signal (DLRS) in the first Reference Signal (RS) set and the second RS set, A receiving unit that receives setting information related to the measurement of the DL RS, A control unit for measuring the DLRS for data collection for training an Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) model, A terminal. 　 The DL RS transmission request is included in the Radio Resource Control (RRC) reconfiguration completion message or User Equipment (UE) assistance information. The terminal according to claim 1. 　 The configuration information includes a single configuration for the DL RS resources that corresponds to both the first RS set and the second RS set. The terminal according to claim 1. 　 The number of CSI processing units (CPUs) occupied in the measurement for data acquisition varies depending on the terminal's capabilities, the number of DLRS resource sets in one resource configuration, the number of DLRS resources in one DLRS resource set, the number of DLRS ports, and at least one of the DLRS time or frequency domain allocations. The terminal according to claim 1. 　 The process includes sending a request to transmit a downlink reference signal (DLRS) in a first Reference Signal (RS) set and a second RS set, The process of receiving setting information related to the measurement of the DL RS, A step of measuring the DLRS for data collection for training an Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) model, A wireless communication method for a terminal having [a certain feature]. 　 A receiving unit that receives transmission requests for downlink reference signals (DLRS) in the first Reference Signal (RS) set and the second RS set, A transmission unit that transmits setting information related to the DL RS measurement, A control unit that controls the reception of the measurement results of the DL RS measured for data collection for training an Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) model, A base station having

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