Full-duplex operation method and apparatus using same

Abstract

A full-duplex (FD) operation method in a wireless communication system and a device using the method are provided. The method comprises: receiving, from a network, a user equipment (UE) capability inquiry; transmitting UE capability information to the network; receiving, from the network, an FD configuration message, wherein the FD configuration message indicates an FD time resource and frequency locations of an uplink subband and a downlink subband; monitoring an amount of self-interference on the basis of operating in an FD mode in the FD time resource; transmitting an extended reference signal resource request to the network when the amount of self-interference exceeds a specific value; receiving, from the network, an allocation of an extended reference signal resource; transmitting, by the UE, an additional reference signal through the extended reference signal resource to attempt self-interference cancellation; and maintaining, by the UE, the FD mode on the basis of the amount of self-interference of the UE being less than or equal to the specific value by the self-interference cancellation.

Description

Full duplex operation method and device using the above method

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a full-duplex operation method in a wireless communication system and an apparatus utilizing said method.

[0002] As more communication devices require larger communication capacities, the need for enhanced mobile broadband communication compared to existing radio access technology (RAT) is emerging. Furthermore, Massive Machine Type Communications (MTC), which connects multiple devices and objects to provide various services anytime and anywhere, is also one of the major issues to be considered in next-generation communication. In addition, communication system designs that take into account services and terminals sensitive to reliability and latency are being discussed. Thus, the introduction of next-generation radio access technologies that consider enhanced mobile broadband communication, massive MTC, and Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication (URLC) is being discussed, and for convenience, this technology is referred to as new RAT or NR in this disclosure.

[0003] In wireless communication systems NR or later, full duplex (FD) operation can be performed. When performing FD operation, the device can simultaneously perform reception and transmission within a specific time resource. This differs from half duplex (HD) operation, which can only perform either reception or transmission within a specific time resource.

[0004] For FD operation, i) some frequency resources within the same time resource may be allocated as a downlink subband and other frequency resources as an uplink subband (this may be referred to as a subband FD, or SBFD (subband-wise full duplex)), and ii) frequency resources within the same time resource that can be used for both downlink reception and uplink transmission may be allocated (this may be referred to as a spectrum-shared FD, or SSFD (spectrum-sharing full duplex)). Hereinafter, for convenience, SSFD is assumed as an example of FD operation in the present disclosure.

[0005] Meanwhile, the device may need to switch between full duplex (FD) mode and half duplex (HD) mode according to specific criteria. Among conventional technologies, there is an example in which, based on a timing advance (TA) value, if the TA value is smaller than a specific threshold, it is determined that the terminal is located close to the base station and operates in FD mode, and if the TA value is larger than a specific threshold, it is determined that the terminal is located far from the base station and operates in HD mode.

[0006] In such conventional technology, when the TA value and the specific threshold value have similar values, switching between FD mode and HD mode may occur frequently depending on changes in channel conditions, movement of the terminal, etc.

[0007] Then, problems such as an increase in total transition time due to these frequent mode switching, a decrease in system throughput, and an increase in the complexity of system operation from the base station's perspective may arise.

[0008] The technical problem that the present disclosure aims to solve is to provide a full-duplex operation method capable of performing mode conversion that prevents a reduction in system throughput for a device supporting full-duplex mode and half-duplex mode, and a device utilizing said method.

[0009] The present invention provides a method of operation of a device (e.g., a terminal) in a wireless communication system and a device utilizing said method. According to said method, the terminal receives a UE capability enquiry from a network, transmits UE capability information to said network, and receives a full duplex (FD) configuration message from said network, wherein the FD configuration message indicates the frequency location of an FD time resource, an uplink subband, and a downlink subband, monitors the amount of self interference (SI) based on operating in FD mode at said FD time resource, and when the amount of self interference exceeds a specific value, transmits an extended reference signal resource request to said network, receives an extended reference signal resource from said network, attempts to eliminate self interference by transmitting an additional reference signal through said extended reference signal resource, and maintains said FD mode based on the fact that the amount of self interference is less than or equal to said specific value due to said self interference elimination.

[0010] In another aspect, a terminal, device, or computer-readable recording medium is provided for executing the above method.

[0011] In another aspect, a method of operation of a network (e.g., a base station) and a base station utilizing said method are provided. According to said method, the base station transmits a UE capability enquiry to a terminal, receives UE capability information from said terminal, and transmits a full duplex (FD) configuration message to said terminal, wherein the FD configuration message indicates the frequency location of an FD time resource, an uplink subband, and a downlink subband, receives a request for an extended reference signal resource from said terminal which operates in FD mode in said FD time resource and whose self interference (SI) amount exceeds a specific value, and allocates an extended reference signal resource to said terminal.

[0012] According to the method of the present disclosure, it is possible to prevent the terminal from frequently switching from FD mode to HD mode. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent an increase in total transition time and a decrease in system throughput due to frequent mode switching.

[0013] In addition, it can also prevent an increase in the complexity of system operation from the base station's perspective.

[0014] FIG. 1 illustrates a wireless communication system to which the present disclosure may be applied.

[0015] Figure 2 is a block diagram showing the radio protocol architecture for the user plane.

[0016] Figure 3 is a block diagram showing the wireless protocol structure for the control plane.

[0017] Figure 4 illustrates the system structure of a New Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) to which NR is applied.

[0018] Figure 5 illustrates the functional partitioning between NG-RAN and 5GC.

[0019] Figure 6 illustrates a frame structure that can be applied in NR.

[0020] Figure 7 illustrates the slot structure of an NR frame.

[0021] Figure 8 illustrates a core set.

[0022] Figure 9 illustrates an example of a frame structure for a new wireless access technology.

[0023] Figure 10 illustrates the structure of a self-contained slot.

[0024] Figure 11 illustrates physical channels and general signal transmission.

[0025] Figure 12 shows a conceptual diagram of a terminal and a base station that support FD.

[0026] Figure 13 illustrates the magnetic interference (SI) signal in an FD system.

[0027] Figure 14 illustrates the application locations of three self-interference cancellation techniques at the transmitting and receiving ends.

[0028] FIG. 15 illustrates a block diagram of a device for self-interference cancellation in a communication system environment using OFDM.

[0029] Figure 16 illustrates magnetic interference cancellation and full duplex capability conditions according to distance.

[0030] FIG. 17 illustrates a full duplex operation of a terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] Figure 18 illustrates the signaling process between a terminal (UE) and a network (base station, NB).

[0032] FIG. 19 illustrates a process in which a terminal supporting full duplex checks the self-interference cancellation (SIC) level while performing self-interference cancellation for full duplex and requests additional resources (extended reference resources) for additional SIC.

[0033] FIG. 20 illustrates a method of operation of a terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG. 21 illustrates a wireless device that can be applied to the present specification.

[0035] Figure 22 illustrates an example of a signal processing module structure.

[0036] Figure 23 illustrates another example of a signal processing module structure within a transmission device.

[0037] FIG. 24 illustrates an example of a wireless communication device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0038] Figure 25 illustrates another example of a wireless device.

[0039] FIG. 26 illustrates a communication system (1) applicable to the present specification.

[0040] In this specification, “A or B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” Alternatively, in this specification, “A or B” may be interpreted as “A and / or B.” For example, in this specification, “A, B or C” may mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.”

[0041] As used herein, a slash ( / ) or a comma may mean “and / or.” For example, “A / B” may mean “A and / or B.” Accordingly, “A / B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” For example, “A, B, C” may mean “A, B or C.”

[0042] In this specification, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” Additionally, in this specification, the expressions “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and / or B” may be interpreted as synonymous with “at least one of A and B.”

[0043] Additionally, in this specification, “at least one of A, B and C” may mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and / or C” may mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

[0044] Additionally, parentheses used in this specification may mean “for example.” Specifically, when indicated as “Control Information (PDCCH),” “PDCCH” may be proposed as an example of “Control Information.” In other words, “Control Information” in this specification is not limited to “PDCCH,” and “PDCCH” may be proposed as an example of “Control Information.” Furthermore, when indicated as “Control Information (e.g., PDCCH),” “PDCCH” may be proposed as an example of “Control Information.”

[0045] Technical features described individually within a single drawing in this specification may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0046] The following drawings are made to illustrate a specific example of the present specification. The names of specific devices or specific signals / messages / fields described in the drawings are presented as examples, and therefore the technical features of the present specification are not limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

[0047] FIG. 1 illustrates a wireless communication system to which the present disclosure may be applied. This may also be referred to as an E-UTRAN (Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) or an LTE (Long Term Evolution) / LTE-A system.

[0048] E-UTRAN includes a base station (20: Base Station, BS) that provides a control plane and a user plane to a terminal (10: User Equipment, UE). The terminal (10) may be fixed or mobile and may be referred to by other terms such as MS (Mobile station), UT (User Terminal), SS (Subscriber Station), MT (mobile terminal), Wireless Device, or terminal. The base station (20) refers to a fixed station that communicates with the terminal (10) and may be referred to by other terms such as eNB (evolved-NodeB), BTS (Base Transceiver System), or Access Point.

[0049] Base stations (20) can be connected to each other through an X2 interface. The base station (20) is connected to the EPC (Evolved Packet Core, 30) through the S1 interface, more specifically to the MME (Mobility Management Entity) through the S1-MME and to the S-GW (Serving Gateway) through the S1-U.

[0050] The EPC (30) consists of an MME, an S-GW, and a P-GW (Packet Data Network-Gateway). The MME holds information regarding the terminal's connection information or capabilities, and this information is primarily used for managing the terminal's mobility. The S-GW is a gateway with an E-UTRAN as its endpoint, and the P-GW is a gateway with a PDN as its endpoint.

[0051] The layers of the Radio Interface Protocol between a terminal and a network can be classified into L1 (Layer 1), L2 (Layer 2), and L3 (Layer 3) based on the lower three layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) model, which is widely known in communication systems. Among these, the physical layer, which belongs to Layer 1, provides information transfer services using a physical channel, while the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, located at Layer 3, performs the role of controlling radio resources between the terminal and the network. To this end, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the terminal and the base station.

[0052] FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the radio protocol architecture for the user plane. FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the radio protocol architecture for the control plane. The user plane is a protocol stack for transmitting user data, and the control plane is a protocol stack for transmitting control signals.

[0053] Referring to Figures 2 and 3, the physical layer (PHY layer) provides information transfer services to upper layers using a physical channel. The physical layer is connected to the upper layer, the MAC (Medium Access Control) layer, through a transport channel. Data travels between the MAC layer and the physical layer through the transport channel. Transport channels are classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted through a wireless interface.

[0054] Data travels between different physical layers, specifically between the physical layers of the transmitter and the receiver, through a physical channel. This physical channel can be modulated using the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) method and utilizes time and frequency as wireless resources.

[0055] The functions of the MAC layer include mapping between logical channels and transport channels, and multiplexing / demultiplexing MAC SDUs (service data units) belonging to logical channels into transport blocks provided to physical channels over the transport channel. The MAC layer provides services to the RLC (Radio Link Control) layer through logical channels.

[0056] The functions of the RLC layer include the concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs. To ensure the various Quality of Service (QoS) required by Radio Bearers (RBs), the RLC layer provides three operating modes: Transparent Mode (TM), Unacknowledged Mode (UM), and Acknowledged Mode (AM). AM RLC provides error correction through Automatic Repeat Requests (ARQ).

[0057] The RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer is defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer is responsible for controlling logical channels, transmission channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of wireless bearers. RB refers to a logical path provided by the first layer (PHY layer) and the second layer (MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP layer) for data transmission between a terminal and a network.

[0058] The functions of the PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol) layer in the user plane include the delivery of user data, header compression, and ciphering. The functions of the PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol) layer in the control plane include the delivery of control plane data and encryption / integrity protection.

[0059] The establishment of an RB refers to the process of defining the characteristics of the wireless protocol layer and channel to provide specific services, and setting their respective specific parameters and operating methods. RBs can be further divided into two types: SRBs (Signaling RBs) and DRBs (Data RBs). SRBs are used as a channel for transmitting RRC messages in the control plane, while DRBs are used as a channel for transmitting user data in the user plane.

[0060] When an RRC connection is established between the terminal's RRC layer and the E-UTRAN's RRC layer, the terminal is in an RRC connected state; otherwise, it is in an RRC idle state.

[0061] Downlink transmission channels for transmitting data from a network to a terminal include a Broadcast Channel (BCH) for transmitting system information and a Shared Channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. Traffic or control messages for downlink multicast or broadcast services may be transmitted via the Shared Channel (SCH) or via a separate Multicast Channel (MCH). Meanwhile, uplink transmission channels for transmitting data from a terminal to a network include a Random Access Channel (RACH) for transmitting initial control messages and a Shared Channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages.

[0062] Logical channels that are above the transmission channel and map to the transmission channel include BCCH (Broadcast Control Channel), PCCH (Paging Control Channel), CCCH (Common Control Channel), MCCH (Multicast Control Channel), and MTCH (Multicast Traffic Channel).

[0063] A physical channel consists of multiple OFDM symbols in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A single subframe consists of multiple OFDM symbols in the time domain. A resource block is a resource allocation unit composed of multiple OFDM symbols and multiple subcarriers. Additionally, each subframe may utilize specific subcarriers of specific OFDM symbols (e.g., the first OFDM symbol) within that subframe for a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), e.g., an L1 / L2 control channel. The Transmission Time Interval (TTI) is the unit time for subframe transmission.

[0064] The following describes new radio access technology (new RAT, NR).

[0065] As more communication devices require larger communication capacities, the need for enhanced mobile broadband communication compared to existing radio access technology (RAT) is emerging. Furthermore, Massive Machine Type Communications (MTC), which connects multiple devices and objects to provide various services anytime and anywhere, is also one of the major issues to be considered in next-generation communication. In addition, communication system designs that take into account services and terminals sensitive to reliability and latency are being discussed. Thus, the introduction of next-generation radio access technologies that consider enhanced mobile broadband communication, massive MTC, and Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication (URLC) is being discussed, and for convenience, this technology is referred to as new RAT or NR in this disclosure.

[0066] Figure 4 illustrates the system structure of a New Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) to which NR is applied.

[0067] Referring to FIG. 4, the NG-RAN may include gNBs and / or eNBs that provide user plane and control plane protocol termination to terminals. FIG. 4 illustrates a case where only gNBs are included. The gNBs (eNBs) are connected to each other via Xn interfaces. The gNBs and eNBs are connected to the 5G Core Network (5GC) via NG interfaces. More specifically, they are connected to the access and mobility management function (AMF) via NG-C interfaces and to the user plane function (UPF) via NG-U interfaces.

[0068] Figure 5 illustrates the functional partitioning between NG-RAN and 5GC.

[0069] Referring to FIG. 5, the gNB can provide functions such as Inter Cell RRM, RB control, Connection Mobility Control, Radio Admission Control, Measurement Configuration & Provision, and Dynamic Resource Allocation. The AMF can provide functions such as NAS security and idle state mobility processing. The UPF can provide functions such as Mobility Anchoring and PDU processing. The SMF (Session Management Function) can provide functions such as terminal IP address allocation and PDU session control.

[0070] Figure 6 illustrates a frame structure that can be applied in NR.

[0071] Referring to FIG. 6, radio frames (hereinafter abbreviated as frames) may be used for uplink and downlink transmission in NR. A frame has a length of 10 ms and can be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). A half-frame can be defined as five 1 ms subframes (SF). A subframe can be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe depends on the subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each slot contains 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols according to the cyclic prefix (CP). When a normal CP is used, each slot contains 14 symbols. When an extended CP is used, each slot contains 12 symbols. Here, the symbols may include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols) or SC-FDMA symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM symbols).

[0072] Table 1 below shows an example of a subcarrier spacing configuration (also referred to as subcarrier spacing configuration) μ.

[0073] [Table 1]

[0074]

[0075] The following Table 2 shows the number of slots (N) within a frame according to the subcarrier spacing setting μ. frame,μ slot ), number of slots in the subframe (N subframe,μ slot ), number of symbols in the slot (N slot symb Examples include ) etc.

[0076] [Table 2]

[0077]

[0078] Figure 6 illustrates μ=0, 1, 2, and 3.

[0079] Table 2-1 below illustrates how the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe vary depending on the SCS when an extended CP is used.

[0080] [Table 2-1]

[0081]

[0082] In an NR system, OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) can be configured differently among multiple cells merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of a time resource (e.g., SF, slot, or TTI) (collectively referred to as TU (Time Unit) for convenience) composed of the same number of symbols can be configured differently among the merged cells.

[0083] Figure 7 illustrates a slot structure.

[0084] A slot may contain multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, in the case of a normal CP, one slot may contain 14 symbols (or 7 symbols), but in the case of an extended CP, one slot may contain 12 symbols (or 6 symbols). A carrier may contain multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A Resource Block (RB) may be defined as multiple (e.g., 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A Bandwidth Part (BWP) may be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs in the frequency domain and may correspond to a single numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier may contain up to N (e.g., 4 or 5) BWPs. Data communication is performed through the active BWP, and only one BWP may be active for a single terminal. In a resource grid, each element is referred to as a resource element (RE), and a single complex symbol can be mapped to it.

[0085] The PDCCH (physical downlink control channel) can be composed of one or more CCEs (control channel elements) as shown in Table 3 below.

[0086] [Table 3]

[0087]

[0088] For example, a PDCCH can be transmitted through a resource consisting of 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs. Here, a CCE consists of 6 REGs (resource element groups), and one REG consists of one resource block in the frequency domain and one OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) symbol in the time domain.

[0089] Monitoring means decoding each PDCCH candidate according to the DCI (downlink control information) format. The terminal monitors a set of PDCCH candidates in one or more core sets (CORESET, described below) on the active DL BWP of each active serving cell where PDCCH monitoring is configured, according to the corresponding set of search spaces.

[0090] In NR, a new unit called a control resource set (CORESET) can be introduced. A terminal can receive PDCCH from the core set.

[0091] Figure 8 illustrates a core set.

[0092] Referring to Fig. 8, the core set is N in the frequency domain. CORESET RB It consists of N resource blocks, and in the time domain N CORESET symb ∈ Can be composed of {1, 2, 3} symbols. N CORESET RB, N CORESET symb This can be provided by the base station through an upper layer signal. As illustrated in FIG. 8, the core set may include a plurality of CCEs (or REGs).

[0093] The terminal can attempt to detect PDCCH in units of 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs within the core set. One or more CCEs that can attempt to detect PDCCH may be called PDCCH candidates.

[0094] The terminal can be configured with multiple core sets.

[0095] In conventional wireless communication systems (e.g., LTE / LTE-A), the control domain was configured across the entire system band used by the base station. With the exception of some terminals that support only a narrow band (e.g., eMTC / NB-IoT terminals), all terminals had to be able to receive wireless signals across the entire system band of the base station in order to properly receive and decode control information transmitted by the base station.

[0096] On the other hand, NR introduced the aforementioned core set. A core set can be described as a radio resource for control information that a terminal must receive, and in the frequency domain, only a portion of the system band can be used instead of the entire system band. Additionally, in the time domain, only a portion of the symbols within a slot can be used. A base station can allocate a core set to each terminal and transmit control information through the allocated core set. In NR, a terminal can receive control information from a base station even without necessarily receiving the entire system band.

[0097] A core set may include a terminal-specific core set for transmitting terminal-specific control information and a common core set for transmitting control information common to all terminals.

[0098] Meanwhile, in NR, high reliability may be required depending on the application field, and in such situations, the target block error rate (BLER) for downlink control information (DCI) transmitted through a downlink control channel (e.g., physical downlink control channel: PDCCH) can be significantly lower than that of conventional technology. As an example of a method to satisfy such requirements for high reliability, the amount of content included in the DCI can be reduced, and / or the amount of resources used during DCI transmission can be increased. In this case, the resources may include at least one of resources in the time domain, resources in the frequency domain, resources in the code domain, and resources in the space domain.

[0099] The following technologies / features can be applied in NR.

[0100] Self-contained subframe structure

[0101] Figure 9 illustrates an example of a frame structure for a new wireless access technology.

[0102] In NR, for the purpose of minimizing latency, a structure in which the control channel and the data channel are time-division multiplexed (TDM) within a single TTI, as shown in Fig. 9, can be considered as one of the frame structures.

[0103] Figure 9 illustrates an example in which a downlink control area is located at the front of the TTI and an uplink control area is located at the back of the TTI. The area between the downlink control area and the uplink control area may be used for transmitting downlink data (DL data) or for transmitting uplink data (UL data). A characteristic of this structure is that downlink (DL) reception and uplink (UL) transmission proceed sequentially within a single subframe / slot, allowing DL data to be received and UL ACK / NACK (Acknowledgement / Not-acknowledgement) to be transmitted within a single subframe / slot. Consequently, the time required for data retransmission in the event of a data transmission error is reduced, thereby minimizing the latency of the final data delivery.

[0104] As such, in a data and control TDMed subframe structure, a time gap is required for the transition process between the base station and the terminal from transmit mode to receive mode or from receive mode to transmit mode. To this end, in a self-contained subframe structure, some OFDM symbols at the time of transition from DL to UL can be set as a guard period (GP).

[0105] Figure 10 illustrates the structure of a self-contained slot.

[0106] In an NR system, a single slot may contain a DL control channel, DL or UL data, a UL control channel, etc. For example, the first N symbols within the slot may be used to transmit a DL control channel (hereinafter referred to as the DL control area), and the last M symbols within the slot may be used to transmit a UL control channel (hereinafter referred to as the UL control area). N and M are each integers greater than or equal to 0. The resource area (hereinafter referred to as the data area) located between the DL control area and the UL control area may be used for transmitting DL data or for transmitting UL data. As an example, the following configuration may be considered. Each section is listed in chronological order.

[0107] 1. DL only configuration

[0108] 2. UL only configuration

[0109] 3. Mixed UL-DL Configuration

[0110] - DL Area + GP (Guard Period) + UL Control Area

[0111] - DL Control Area + GP + UL Area

[0112] DL Area: (i) DL Data Area, (ii) DL Control Area + DL Data Area

[0113] UL Area: (i) UL Data Area, (ii) UL Data Area + UL Control Area

[0114] In the DL control area, PDCCH can be transmitted, and in the DL data area, PDSCH (physical downlink shared channel) can be transmitted. In the UL control area, PUCCH (physical uplink control channel) can be transmitted, and in the UL data area, PUSCH (physical uplink shared channel) can be transmitted. In PDCCH, DCI (Downlink Control Information), such as DL data scheduling information and UL data scheduling information, can be transmitted. In PUCCH, UCI (Uplink Control Information), such as ACK / NACK (Positive Acknowledgement / Negative Acknowledgement) information for DL ​​data, CSI (Channel State Information) information, and SR (Scheduling Request), can be transmitted. GP provides a time gap during the process of the base station and the terminal switching from transmit mode to receive mode or from receive mode to transmit mode. Within a subframe, some symbols at the point of transition from DL to UL can be set as GP.

[0115] Analog Beamforming #1

[0116] In millimeter wave (mmW), the shorter wavelength allows for the installation of multiple antenna elements within the same area. Specifically, in the 30 GHz band, the wavelength is 1 cm, making it possible to install a total of 100 antenna elements in a 2-dimensional array form with a spacing of 0.5 wavelengths (lambda) on a 5 by 5 cm panel. Therefore, in mmW, multiple antenna elements are used to increase beamforming (BF) gain, thereby increasing coverage or throughput.

[0117] In this case, if a transceiver unit (TXRU) is equipped to allow for transmission power and phase control for each antenna element, independent beamforming for each frequency resource becomes possible. However, installing TXRUs for all 100 or so antenna elements presents a problem of low cost-effectiveness. Therefore, a method is being considered in which multiple antenna elements are mapped to a single TXRU and the beam direction is adjusted using an analog phase shifter. This analog beamforming method has the disadvantage of being unable to perform frequency-selective beamforming because it can only create a single beam direction across the entire band.

[0118] A hybrid beamforming (hybrid BF) can be considered as an intermediate form between digital beamforming (Digital BF) and analog beamforming (analog BF), having B TXRUs, which is fewer than Q antenna elements. In this case, although there are differences depending on the connection method between B TXRUs and Q antenna elements, the number of beam directions that can be transmitted simultaneously is limited to B or fewer.

[0119] Analog Beamforming #2

[0120] In NR systems, when multiple antennas are used, hybrid beamforming techniques combining digital and analog beamforming are emerging. In this case, analog beamforming (or RF beamforming) performs precoding (or combining) at the RF stage, which has the advantage of achieving performance close to that of digital beamforming while reducing the number of RF chains and D / A (or A / D) converters. For convenience, the above hybrid beamforming structure can be represented by N TXRUs and M physical antennas. Then, digital beamforming for L data layers to be transmitted at the transmitter can be represented as an N by L matrix, and subsequently, the converted N digital signals pass through the TXRUs to be converted into analog signals, after which analog beamforming represented as an M by N matrix is ​​applied.

[0121] System information of the NR system can be transmitted via broadcasting. In this case, analog beams belonging to different antenna panels within a single symbol can be transmitted simultaneously, and a method is being discussed to introduce a Beam Reference Signal (BRS), which is a reference signal (RS) transmitted by applying a single analog beam (corresponding to a specific antenna panel) to measure the channel for each analog beam. The BRS can be defined for multiple antenna ports, and each antenna port of the BRS can correspond to a single analog beam. In this case, unlike the BRS, the synchronization signal or xPBCH can be transmitted by applying all analog beams within an analog beam group so that any terminal can receive it well.

[0122] In NR, the synchronization signal block (SSB, or may also be referred to as the synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel: SS / PBCH) in the time domain may consist of four OFDM symbols numbered in ascending order from 0 to 3 within the synchronization signal block, and the PBCH associated with the primary synchronization signal (PSS), secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and demodulation reference signal (DMRS) may be mapped to the symbols. As previously mentioned, the synchronization signal block may also be referred to as the SS / PBCH block.

[0123] In NR, multiple synchronization signal blocks can be transmitted at different times, and since an SSB can be used to perform initial access (IA), serving cell measurement, etc., it is desirable for the SSB to be transmitted first when transmission times and resources overlap with other signals. To this end, the network can broadcast the transmission time and resource information of the SSB or indicate it through UE-specific RRC signaling.

[0124] In NR, beam-based transmission and reception operations can be performed. If the reception performance of the current serving beam deteriorates, a process to find a new beam can be performed through a process called beam failure recovery (BFR).

[0125] Since BFR is not a process that declares an error or failure regarding the link between the network and the terminal, it can be assumed that the connection with the current serving cell is maintained even when the BFR process is performed. During the BFR process, measurements are taken on different beams configured by the network (beams can be expressed as CSI-RS ports or SSB (synchronization signal block) indices, etc.), and the best beam for the terminal can be selected. The terminal can proceed with the BFR process by performing the RACH process associated with the beam for which the measurement results are good.

[0126] Now, the Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) state is described. The TCI state can be configured per core set of the control channel, and parameters for determining the reception (Rx) beam of the terminal can be determined based on the TCI state.

[0127] For each downlink bandwidth portion (DL BWP) of a serving cell, the terminal may be configured with three or fewer core sets. Additionally, for each core set, the terminal may be provided with the following information.

[0128] 1) Coreset index p (e.g., one of 0 to 11, in which case the index of each coreset can be uniquely determined in the BWPs of a single serving cell),

[0129] 2) PDCCH DM-RS Scrambled Sequence Initialization Value,

[0130] 3) Interval of the core set in the time domain (can be given in symbol units),

[0131] 4) Resource block set,

[0132] 5) CCE-to-REG mapping parameters,

[0133] 6) Antenna port quasi-co-location (QCL) representing the quasi-co-location information of the DM-RS antenna port for PDCCH reception in each core set (from the set of antenna port quasi-co-locations provided by the upper layer parameter called 'TCI-State'),

[0134] 7) Indication of the existence or non-existence of a transmission configuration indication (TCI) field for a specific DCI format transmitted by PDCCH in the core set, etc.

[0135] QCL is explained. If the characteristics of the channel through which a symbol on one antenna port is transmitted can be inferred from the characteristics of the channel through which a symbol on another antenna port is transmitted, then the two antenna ports can be said to be in a quasi-common location (QCL). For example, if two signals (A and B) are transmitted from the same transmission antenna array with the same / similar spatial filter applied, the two signals may experience the same / similar channel conditions. From the perspective of a receiver, if it receives one of the two signals, it can detect the other signal by utilizing the channel characteristics of the received signal.

[0136] In this sense, the fact that A and B are QCL implies that A and B have undergone similar channel conditions, and therefore, the channel information estimated to detect A may also be useful for detecting B. Here, channel conditions can be defined by, for example, Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread, spatial reception parameters, etc.

[0137] The 'TCI-State' parameter associates one or two downlink reference signals with the corresponding QCL type (QCL types A, B, C, and D exist; see Table 4).

[0138] [Table 4]

[0139]

[0140] Each 'TCI-State' may include parameters for establishing a quasi-common location (QCL) relationship between one or two downlink reference signals and the DM-RS port of the PDSCH (or PDCCH) or the CSI-RS port of the CSI-RS resource.

[0141] Meanwhile, in each DL BWP configured for the terminal in a single serving cell, the terminal may be provided with 10 or fewer search space sets. For each search space set, the terminal may be provided with at least one of the following information.

[0142] 1) search space set index s (0≤s<40), 2) association between core set P and search space set s, 3) PDCCH monitoring period and PDCCH monitoring offset (in slots), 4) PDCCH monitoring pattern within a slot (e.g., indicating the first symbol of the core set within the slot for PDCCH monitoring), 5) number of slots in which search space set s exists, 6) number of PDCCH candidates per CCE aggregation level, 7) information indicating whether search space set s is a CSS (common search space) or a USS (UE-specific search space), etc.

[0143] In NR, core set #0 can be configured by the PBCH (or terminal-specific signaling for handover, PSCell configuration, or BWP configuration). The search space (SS) set #0 configured by the PBCH may have different monitoring offsets (e.g., slot offset, symbol offset) for each associated SSB. This may be necessary to minimize the search space occasions that the terminal needs to monitor. Alternatively, it may be necessary to provide a beam sweeping control / data area capable of transmitting control / data according to each beam, so that communication with the terminal can be maintained even when the terminal's best beam changes dynamically.

[0144] Figure 11 illustrates physical channels and general signal transmission.

[0145] Referring to FIG. 11, in a wireless communication system, a terminal receives information from a base station via a downlink (DL) and transmits information to the base station via an uplink (UL). The information transmitted and received by the base station and the terminal includes data and various control information, and various physical channels exist depending on the type / purpose of the information they transmit and receive.

[0146] When the power is turned on again after being off, or when a terminal newly enters a cell, it performs an initial cell search operation, such as synchronizing with the base station (S11). To do this, the terminal receives PSCH (Primary Synchronization Channel) and SSCH (Secondary Synchronization Channel) from the base station to synchronize with the base station and obtain information such as cell ID (cell identity). In addition, the terminal can obtain cell broadcast information by receiving PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel) from the base station. Furthermore, during the initial cell search phase, the terminal can check the downlink channel status by receiving DL RS (Downlink Reference Signal).

[0147] (Initial) cell search can be described as a procedure in which a terminal acquires time and frequency synchronization with a cell to detect the cell ID of said cell. Cell search may be based on the primary synchronization signal and secondary synchronization signal of said cell, and the PBCH DMRS.

[0148] After completing the initial cell search, the terminal can obtain more specific system information by receiving the PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) and the corresponding PDSCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) (S12).

[0149] Subsequently, the terminal may perform a Random Access Procedure to complete the connection to the base station (S13~S16). Specifically, the terminal transmits a preamble through a PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel) (S13) and receives a RAR (Random Access Response) for the preamble through a PDCCH and a corresponding PDSCH (S14). Subsequently, the terminal transmits a PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel) using scheduling information within the RAR (S15) and may perform a Contention Resolution Procedure such as a PDCCH and a corresponding PDSCH (which can be described as a process of receiving a contention resolution message) (S16).

[0150] A terminal that has performed the procedure described above may subsequently perform PDCCH / PDSCH reception (S17) and PUSCH / PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) transmission (S18) as a general uplink / downlink signal transmission procedure. The control information transmitted by the terminal to the base station is referred to as UCI (Uplink Control Information). UCI includes HARQ ACK / NACK (Hybrid Automatic Repeat and reQuest Acknowledgement / Negative-ACK), SR (Scheduling Request), CSI (Channel State Information), etc. CSI includes CQI (Channel Quality Indicator), PMI (Precoding Matrix Indicator), RI (Rank Indication), etc. UCI is generally transmitted via PUCCH, but it may be transmitted via PUSCH if control information and data need to be transmitted simultaneously. Additionally, the terminal may transmit UCI non-periodically via PUSCH in response to requests / instructions from the network.

[0151] To enable reasonable battery consumption when BA (bandwidth adaptation) is configured, only one uplink BWP and one downlink BWP or only one downlink / uplink BWP pair for each uplink carrier can be enabled at a time within an active serving cell, and all other BWPs configured in the terminal are disabled. In the disabled BWPs, the terminal does not monitor the PDCCH and does not transmit on the PUCCH, PRACH, and UL-SCH.

[0152] Regarding the BA, the terminal's receive and transmit bandwidths do not need to be as wide as the cell's bandwidth and can be adjusted: the width can be commanded to change (e.g., contracting during periods of low activity to save power), the position in the frequency domain can be shifted (e.g., to increase scheduling flexibility), and the subcarrier spacing can be commanded to change (e.g., to allow different services). A subset of the cell's total cell bandwidth is referred to as the bandwidth part (BWP), and the BA is obtained by setting the BWP(s) to the terminal and informing the terminal of which of the set BWPs is currently active. Once the BA is set, the terminal only needs to monitor the PDCCH on one active BWP. For example, there is no need to monitor the PDCCH across the cell's entire downlink frequency. A BWP inactive timer (independent of the aforementioned DRX inactive timer) is used to switch an active BWP to a default BWP: the timer is restarted when PDCCH decoding is successful, and when the timer expires, switching to a default BWP occurs.

[0153] In the following, the integrated access and backhaul link (IAB) will be described. For the convenience of explanation, the proposed method will be described based on the new RAT (NR) system, but the scope of systems to which the proposed method applies can be extended to other systems, such as 3GPP LTE / LTE-A systems, in addition to NR systems.

[0154] One of the potential technologies aimed at enabling future cellular network deployment scenarios and applications is support for wireless backhaul and relay links, which enables flexible and very dense deployment of NR cells without the need to proportionally densify the transport network.

[0155] With the expected availability of larger bandwidths in NR compared to LTE (e.g., millimeter wave spectrum) along with the native deployment of massive MIMO or multi-beam systems, opportunities for the development and deployment of integrated access and backhaul links are created. This allows for easier deployment of dense networks of self-backhauled NR cells in a more integrated manner by establishing multiple control and data channels / procedures defined to provide access to terminals. Such systems are referred to as integrated access and backhaul links (IABs).

[0156] The present disclosure defines the following.

[0157] - AC(x): Access link between node(x) and terminal(s).

[0158] - BH(xy): Backhaul link between node (x) and node (y).

[0159] In this case, the node may refer to a DgNB (donor gNB) or a relay node (relay node: RN). Here, the DgNB or donor node may be a gNB that provides the function of supporting backhaul for IAB nodes.

[0160] When relay node 1 and relay node 2 exist, and relay node 1 is connected to relay node 2 via a backhaul link to relay data transmitted to and received by relay node 2, relay node 1 is called the parent node of relay node 2, and relay node 2 is called the child node of relay node 1.

[0161] Now, we will explain the full duplex operation.

[0162] In 5G, new service types such as XR (Extended Reality), AI-based services, and self-driving cars are emerging. These services are characterized by dynamic traffic in both downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) directions, and require low latency for the transmission of traffic (e.g., packets). In 5G services, traffic is expected to increase explosively to support these various new use cases.

[0163] Existing semi-static or dynamic TDD UL / DL configurations have limitations in terms of transmission time delay and interference between operators. Existing FDD methods have limitations in terms of efficient frequency resource utilization in the DL / UL direction. Therefore, to achieve low latency and efficient resource utilization in NR, the introduction of full-duplex operation within a single carrier is being discussed.

[0164] In full duplex methods, subband-wise full duplex (hereinafter referred to as subband full duplex or SBFD) and spectrum-sharing full duplex (hereinafter referred to as SSFD) can be considered.

[0165] In the case of SBFD, transmission and reception between DL and UL are performed using different frequency resources within the same carrier (e.g., Carrier #0). For example, DL and UL use different frequency resources for the same time resource.

[0166] In the case of SSFD, transmission and reception between DL and UL are performed through the same frequency resources or overlapping frequency resources within the same carrier (e.g., carrier #0). For example, DL and UL may use the same or overlapping frequency resources for the same time resources.

[0167] Full-duplex (FD) operations may be used in combination with existing half-duplex (HD) operations. For example, among the time resources used for existing half-duplex-based TDD operations, some time resources may be used for full-duplex operations. In the time resources used to perform full-duplex operations, for example, SBFD or SSFD operations may be performed.

[0168] In a time resource operating as an SBFD, some frequency resources are used as DL resources, and other frequency resources are used as UL resources. Between the DL frequency resources and the UL frequency resources, there may exist a guard sub-band that is empty and not used for either DL or UL. The guard sub-band may also be referred to by other terms, such as guard frequency resources or guard subcarrier(s).

[0169] In time resources operating as SSFDs, the entire frequency resource may be used for both DL and UL. Alternatively, to reduce the effects of interference from other adjacent carriers (which may be referred to as ACI), some frequency resources at one or both ends of the carrier may not be used for DL ​​and / or UL. For example, one or both ends of the carrier may be used as a guard band (guard subband) that is not used for both DL and UL. Alternatively, to reduce ACI affecting UL reception, one or both ends of the carrier may be used for DL ​​transmission only.

[0170] In the present disclosure, resources operating in half-duplex mode are referred to as HD resources, and resources operating in full-duplex mode are referred to as FD resources.

[0171] In the present disclosure, among the time resources operating as FD, the frequency resources operating as DL among the total frequency resources are referred to as the DL subband for convenience, and the frequency resources operating as UL may also be referred to as the UL subband.

[0172] In full-duplex operation, both the base station and the terminal can perform full-duplex operation. For example, both the base station and the terminal can simultaneously perform transmission and reception of DL and UL using the same or different frequency resources at the same time resource.

[0173] Alternatively, only the base station may perform full-duplex operation, while the terminal may perform half-duplex operation. The base station may simultaneously transmit and receive DL and UL using the same or different frequency resources at the same time, but the terminal performs only DL reception or UL transmission at a specific time. In this case, the base station performs full-duplex operation by performing DL transmission and UL reception with different terminals at the same time.

[0174] In the following, both the base station and the terminal can perform / support full duplex operation. Additionally, for convenience, SSFD operation is assumed in the following.

[0175] In the present disclosure, a terminal supporting full-duplex communication (hereinafter abbreviated as full duplex: FD) in a communication system provides a method of operation when switching between FD mode and half-duplex communication (half-duplex: HD) mode.

[0176] In FD communication systems, transmission and reception can be performed using the same frequency band, such as in SSFD. In this case, frequency efficiency can be increased by up to 2 times compared to existing HD (frequency division duplex (FDD) / time division duplex (TDD)).

[0177] In a terminal that supports FD mode, if mode switching between FD mode and HD mode is required depending on the terminal's condition, a mechanism is needed to efficiently switch modes through a process of mutual information transmission between the terminal and the base station (gNB) while monitoring the terminal's condition.

[0178] 1) FD (Full-duplex radio: also referred to as FDR) systems and interference elements in FD

[0179] FD systems, which enable simultaneous transmission and reception of uplink and downlink signals on the same frequency band, are gaining attention as one of the core technologies of next-generation mobile communication systems because they can increase spectral efficiency by up to two times compared to existing HD systems that transmit and receive uplink and downlink signals by dividing frequency or time.

[0180] An FD system using a single frequency transmission band can be defined, from the perspective of any wireless device, as a transmission resource configuration method that simultaneously performs transmission and reception through a single frequency transmission band.

[0181] For example, an FD system can be described as a transmission resource configuration method that simultaneously performs downlink transmission and uplink reception of the base station and downlink reception and uplink transmission of the terminal through a single frequency transmission band for wireless communication between a general base station (or repeater, relay node, RRH (remote radio head), etc.) and a terminal.

[0182] As another example, in the case of device-to-device direct communication (D2D) between terminals, the FD system can be described as a transmission resource configuration method in which transmission and reception between terminals are performed simultaneously in the same frequency transmission band.

[0183] In the following, the FD-related proposals are described by exemplifying the case of wireless transmission and reception between a general base station and a terminal, but the contents of the present disclosure can also be applied to wireless transmission and reception between a terminal and a network wireless device that performs wireless transmission and reception, such as direct communication between terminals, rather than a general base station.

[0184] Figure 12 shows a conceptual diagram of a terminal and a base station that support FD.

[0185] Referring to FIG. 12, the FD system may have multiple base stations and other small base stations ( / repeaters) and terminals located within the cell coverage of each base station.

[0186] In such FD systems, for example, there may be three types of interference.

[0187] 1) Intra-device self-interference (hereinafter referred to as Self-interference: SI): In FD, since the device performs transmission and reception using the same time and frequency resources, the desired signal as well as the signal it has transmitted can be received simultaneously. At this time, the signal it has transmitted is received by its own receiving antenna with almost no attenuation, so it is received with much greater power than the desired signal and acts as interference, which can be referred to as intra-device self-interference.

[0188] 2) Inter-link interference between terminals (UE to UE inter-link interference): This means that an uplink signal transmitted by a first terminal is received by a second terminal located adjacent to it and acts as interference.

[0189] 3) Inter-link interference between base stations (BS to BS inter-link interference): This means that a signal transmitted by a first base station is received by the receiving antenna of a second base station between base stations or between heterogeneous base stations (e.g., picocell, femtocell, relay node) and acts as interference.

[0190] Among the three types of interference mentioned above, in-device magnetic interference (SI) is an interference that occurs only in FD systems, significantly degrades the performance of FD systems, and is the first problem that must be solved to operate FD systems.

[0191] Figure 13 illustrates the magnetic interference (SI) signal in an FD system.

[0192] Referring to Fig. 13, SI can be divided into direct interference, where a signal transmitted through a transmitting antenna enters its receiving antenna directly without path attenuation, and reflected interference, which is reflected by surrounding terrain.

[0193] Due to the difference in physical distance, the magnitude / intensity of these self-interference signals is inevitably much larger than the magnitude / intensity of the desired signal. Because of this large magnitude of self-interference, effective removal of self-interference (SI), for example, self-interference cancellation (Self-IC), is essential in FD systems.

[0194] In order for the FD system to operate effectively, the requirements for self-interference cancellation (Self-IC) based on the maximum transmission power can be determined as shown in Table 5.

[0195] [Table 5]

[0196]

[0197] Referring to Table 5, for example, it can be seen that a self-interference cancellation (Self-IC) performance of 119 dBm is required for a terminal to effectively drive an FD system in a bandwidth of 20 MHz.

[0198] To achieve such magnetic interference cancellation performance, a total of three stages of magnetic interference cancellation techniques can be applied.

[0199] 1) Antenna Self-Interference Cancellation: As the technique that must be executed first among all self-interference cancellation methods, self-interference cancellation is performed at the antenna level. The simplest methods involve physically blocking the transmission of self-interference signals by installing an object that blocks signals between the transmitting and receiving antennas, artificially adjusting the distance between antennas using multiple antennas, or partially removing self-interference signals by applying phase inversion to a specific transmitted signal. Additionally, some self-interference signals can be removed by utilizing multi-polarized antennas or directional antennas.

[0200] 2) Analog Self-Interference Cancellation: This is a technique that removes interference at the analog stage before the received signal passes through an ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter). It utilizes a duplicated analog signal to eliminate self-interference signals. This can be performed in the RF (radio frequency) or IF (intermediate frequency) domains. For example, a method can be used in which the transmitted analog signal is time-delayed, its amplitude and phase are adjusted to create a duplicate signal of the actual received self-interference signal, and then this duplicate signal is subtracted from the signal received through the receiving antenna. Since processing is performed using analog signals, additional distortion may occur due to implementation complexity and circuit characteristics, which may result in significant variations in interference cancellation performance.

[0201] 3) Digital Self-Interference Cancellation: This is a technique for removing interference after a received signal passes through an ADC, and includes all interference cancellation techniques performed in the baseband region. For example, it can be implemented by utilizing a transmitted digital signal to create a replica signal of the self-interference and subtracting it from the received digital signal. Techniques designed to prevent a transmitted signal from a terminal or base station from being received by a receiving antenna by performing precoding / postcoding in the baseband using multiple antennas can also be classified as digital self-interference cancellation.

[0202] However, digital self-interference cancellation is only possible if the digitally modulated signal is quantized to a degree sufficient to recover information about the desired signal. Therefore, to perform digital self-interference cancellation, a prerequisite may be required that the difference in signal power between the remaining interference signal and the desired signal—after removing interference using one or more of the aforementioned techniques—falls within the ADC range.

[0203] Figure 14 illustrates the application locations of three self-interference cancellation techniques at the transmitting and receiving ends.

[0204] Referring to FIG. 14, antenna magnetic interference cancellation is performed at an antenna stage including a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna.

[0205] Analog self-interference cancellation can be performed before the received signal passes through the ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter).

[0206] Digital self-interference cancellation can be performed in the baseband region after the received signal passes through the ADC.

[0207] FIG. 15 illustrates a block diagram of a device for self-interference cancellation in a communication system environment using OFDM.

[0208] Referring to FIG. 15, the signal can be transmitted through a transmitting antenna after passing through data generation (data generator), scrambling (scrambler), channel coding (channel encoder), interleaving (interleaver), and encoding (encoder), then through IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform), CP (cyclic prefix) addition, and wave shaping, then through DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter) and lowpass filter, then through power amplification (power amplifier) ​​and bandpass field (bandpass filter).

[0209] The signal received at the receiving antenna passes through a bandpass filter and a lowpass filter, and the original data can be restored through an ADC, a sync unit (sync(t, f)), FFT, preamble and pilot extraction, equalizing (equalizer), decoding (decoder), deinterleaving (deinterleaver), channel decoding (channel decoder), descrambling (scrambler), and a data receiver.

[0210] Digital magnetic interference cancellation can be performed prior to IFFT, and analog magnetic interference cancellation can be performed at the antenna stage.

[0211] In FIG. 15, an example of removing self-interference signals by separating the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna is disclosed, but this is not a limitation. For example, when using an antenna interference removal technique with a single antenna, an antenna different from that in FIG. 15 may be configured.

[0212] Other functional blocks suitable for the purpose may be added or deleted from the block diagram of FIG. 15. Additionally, digital self-interference removal may be performed after the IFFT, or it may be performed by directly using digital self-interference information before the DAC and after passing through the ADC, or by using digital self-interference signals after passing through the IFFT and before passing through the FFT.

[0213] 2) Signal Modeling of FD Systems

[0214] Because the FD system uses the same frequency between signal transmission and signal reception, non-linear components in the RF have a significant impact. In particular, the transmitted signal is distorted by the non-linear characteristics of active components such as the power amplifier (PA) in the transmitting RF chain and the low noise amplifier (LNA) in the receiving RF chain, and distortion can also be modified by the mixer in the transmitting and receiving RF chains.

[0215] Distortion in a transmitted signal can be modeled as the occurrence of high-order components. Among these high-order components, even-order components affect high-frequency regions corresponding to multiples of the DC (direct current) and center frequencies; therefore, they can be effectively removed using existing AC (alternating current) coupling or filtering techniques.

[0216] However, unlike even-order components, odd-order components cannot be easily removed because they occur adjacent to the existing center frequency, and they have a significant impact during reception.

[0217] Considering these odd-order nonlinear characteristics, the received signal after the ADC in the FD system can be expressed using the Parallel Hammerstein (PH) model as follows.

[0218] [Equation 1]

[0219]

[0220] In Equation 1, x D (n) is the data to be received, and h D (n) is the desired channel through which the data to be received passes, and x SI (n) is the data transmitted by itself, and h SI,k (n) is the self-channel that the data transmitted itself undergoes, and if k is 1, it is a linear component, and if k is an odd value greater than or equal to 3, it is a non-linear component, and z(n) is additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN).

[0221] Meanwhile, among conventional technologies, there are examples of using a TA (Timing Advance) threshold as a measure to be used for FD / HD mode switching. This TA value may be the time it takes for an uplink signal to reach a base station, and this value may be mapped to / related to the distance between the terminal and the base station.

[0222] For example, if TA is small, it can be determined that the terminal is close to the base station, and if TA is large, it can be determined that the terminal is far from the base station, and the distance between the terminal and the base station can be based on the TA value. In this case, if the terminal is close to the base station, it can operate in FD mode, and if it is far away, it can operate in HD mode.

[0223] In such conventional technology, the operating mode is determined based solely on whether the FD mode is available in the current situation, and if the FD mode is not available, the transmission mode is switched to the HD mode. In this way, when switching between FD mode and HD mode based on uniform and standard criteria, frequent switching of the transmission mode may occur depending on the situation. For example, if the TA value is very close to the TA threshold, frequent switching between FD mode and HD mode may occur even if a small change in the TA value occurs due to small movement of the terminal or a change in the channel. Then, transition / convergence time for switching from HD mode to FD mode, and a decrease in system throughput due to the switch from FD mode to HD mode may occur.

[0224] In the present disclosure, when a transition to HD mode is required at each terminal supporting FD mode, instead of a uniform transition to HD mode, the state of the FD mode is monitored for at least a certain period of time, and the FD mode is maintained as much as possible. Through this mechanism, a method for efficiently operating FD mode and HD mode in terms of system operation is proposed.

[0225] When a terminal supporting FD and HD modes for a single base station is operating in FD mode, depending on the degree of self-interference cancellation, there may be cases where it is impossible to receive a normal desired signal due to self-interference in FD mode.

[0226] In such cases, if the system switches from FD mode to HD mode without exception, reception of the desired signal may be possible, but this results in a decrease in system throughput and can complicate system operation from the base station's perspective due to frequent switching between FD mode and HD mode.

[0227] Accordingly, when a terminal supporting FD / HD mode operates in FD mode, the residual magnetic interference level of the terminal is monitored, and if the residual magnetic interference becomes difficult to receive the desired signal, instead of immediately switching modes, a special resource allocation is requested from the network to further lower the residual magnetic interference level, and measures are taken to lower the residual magnetic interference level using the allocated additional resources, and the FD mode is maintained as a result.

[0228] Figure 16 illustrates magnetic interference cancellation and full duplex capability conditions according to distance.

[0229] Referring to FIG. 16(a), when a terminal supporting FD mode (which can be called full duplex) receives a signal from a base station, the required signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is S req It is said that

[0230] The power of the uplink transmission signal transmitted by full duplex is P u , the power of the signal received at a specific distance P D It is assumed that the location of the terminal may refer to the location when the distance from the base station is d, as illustrated in Fig. 16 (b).

[0231] Figure 16(a) illustrates the change in the simplified spectrum due to magnetic interference cancellation. At the corresponding location, P due to magnetic interference cancellation U The uplink signal power corresponding to is P' U It can be attenuated as. In this case, the channel power (C / N) relative to the noise power of the downlink received signal is P D -P' U If this is secured and the secured C / N is greater than the threshold for signal recovery, it can be considered that operation in full-duplex mode is possible.

[0232] S reqand P D -P' U S, which is the channel power to noise required due to changes in the terminal's location or surrounding environment, or where there is almost no difference between them. req Compared to P D -P' U If this is not sufficiently secured (i.e., P D -P' U This S req If it is not sufficiently large compared to, the terminal may have difficulty operating in full duplex mode.

[0233] Therefore, i) S req and P D -P' U There is almost no difference between them, or ii) S req Compared to P D -P' U If this is not sufficiently secured, and the system is controlled to operate uniformly in half-duplex mode, especially P D In this small area, not only is frequent mode switching required, but the control of each terminal of the base station becomes complex as a result.

[0234] Considering these points, S req Compared to P D -P' U In areas where the difference is minimal, instead of frequent mode switching, additional resources can be requested and allocated for SIC removal, thereby enabling additional self-interference removal. This allows for maintaining operation in full-duplex mode instead of switching to half-duplex mode, preventing a significant reduction in data throughput associated with half-duplex mode switching.

[0235] The operation of the terminal and base station for this purpose is as follows.

[0236] 1. A terminal supporting full duplex periodically checks the degree of self-interference cancellation by its own self-interference cancellation (SIC) and monitors it.

[0237] 2. The SIC degree of a terminal operating in full-duplex mode is the minimum S required for the corresponding modulation and code rate. req If sufficient, it maintains full-duplex mode operation. In other words, the uplink signal power P by the SCI U From P' U When attenuated to, P D -P' U Ga S req If it is sufficiently large compared to (P D -P' U Ga S req (If it is greater than a certain value), it maintains full duplex mode operation.

[0238] 3. The SIC degree of a terminal operating in full-duplex mode is the minimum S required for the corresponding modulation and code rate. req In the case where continuous reception errors occur due to insufficient (in other words, S req ≥ (P D -P' U In the case where ), it can operate as follows.

[0239] i) The terminal may report to the base station the degree of self-interference cancellation in full duplex mode, the desired signal power to receive, and the occurrence of continuous errors, and request the allocation of additional uplink reference signals for additional self-interference cancellation.

[0240] ii) The base station may grant the allocation of an additional uplink reference signal and notify the terminal by specifying the location and time domain of the resource for the additional uplink reference signal. The additional uplink reference signal may also be referred to as an extended reference signal.

[0241] iii) The terminal transmits an additional uplink reference signal (extended reference signal) to remove residual self-interference signals in the allocated additional uplink reference signal area. It attempts to remove self-interference through the resources of this additional uplink reference signal area.

[0242] iv) When residual magnetic interference is reduced through this additional magnetic interference removal and a signal to interference noise ratio (SINR) of a sufficient level is achieved, the terminal transmits information on C / N and status information to the base station so that it can operate in full duplex mode.

[0243] v) The base station allocates resources to operate in full duplex mode again as before.

[0244] vi) If, in the above process, sufficient self-interference elimination is not achieved even through multiple attempts with additional resource input in iii), the terminal switches from full duplex mode to half duplex mode.

[0245] When operating a terminal that supports FD and HD at a base station, instead of simply determining whether the FD mode can be maintained in the current state and switching modes, resources can be allocated for an extended reference signal to actively maintain the FD mode. When operating by attempting to maintain the FD mode through this method, it is possible to operate more efficiently than simply switching modes based on the SIC level value.

[0246] FIG. 17 illustrates a full duplex operation of a terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0247] A terminal operating in full duplex mode has its own degree of self-interference cancellation (SIC) and S during full duplex operation. reqMonitoring is performed on the. If a decrease in the Channel Power to Noise Ratio occurs, the terminal requests additional resources from the base station for additional self-interference removal (e.g., the aforementioned extended reference signal).

[0248] FIG. 17(a) illustrates a terminal operation in which the channel power ratio to noise is sufficiently large relative to the required SNR due to self-interference cancellation. Because the channel power ratio to noise due to self-interference cancellation is sufficiently large relative to the required SNR, the terminal can continue to perform full-duplex operation in the FD resources.

[0249] Fig. 17(b) shows the S requiring a channel power ratio to noise after self-interference cancellation of a terminal operating in full duplex mode. req An example of terminal operation is provided when approaching . At some point, a terminal operating in full-duplex mode requires a channel power ratio to noise after self-interference cancellation, S req Approaching to (e.g., P D -P' U Ga S req In cases where it is larger or smaller within a certain range, the terminal requests (ER Req) the allocation of an extended reference resource from the network (e.g., base station), and the network transmits a Grant message to the terminal. The extended reference resource may be a resource for the aforementioned extended reference signal (or additional uplink reference signal).

[0250] During the period in which an extended reference resource is allocated, a terminal operating in full duplex mode can perform self-interference cancellation by additionally utilizing this extended reference resource, and if it can perform self-interference cancellation that is better than before, it can operate in full duplex mode again.

[0251] Fig. 17(c) shows the S that requires a channel power ratio to noise after self-interference cancellation for a terminal operating in full duplex mode. req Because it was insufficient compared to, the process of requesting expanded reference resource allocation multiple times and performing additional self-interference removal through this was repeated, but S still requires a channel power ratio to noise after self-interference removal. req If it is insufficient compared to, the terminal switches from full duplex to HD mode and operates.

[0252] Figure 18 illustrates the signaling process between a terminal (UE) and a network (base station, NB).

[0253] Referring to FIG. 18, the terminal transmits an extended reference signal resource request to the network (S181). The extended reference signal resource request is a specific example of the aforementioned extended reference resource allocation request (additional uplink reference signal, resource for extended reference signal).

[0254] For example, the terminal can make an extended reference resource allocation request as shown in Table 6.

[0255] [Table 6]

[0256]

[0257] The network transmits an extended reference signal assignment response to the terminal (S182).

[0258] For example, when a terminal transmits an extended reference signal resource request to a network, the network (base station) may provide the terminal with at least one of the following information.

[0259] [Table 7]

[0260]

[0261] FIG. 19 illustrates a process in which a terminal supporting full duplex checks the self-interference cancellation (SIC) level while performing self-interference cancellation for full duplex and requests additional resources (extended reference resources) for additional SIC.

[0262] Referring to FIG. 19, the base station inquires whether the terminal supports full duplex upon initial connection (S1910), and can confirm the response from the terminal. The RRC connection setup between the base station and the terminal is completed (S1920).

[0263] It is determined whether the terminal supports full duplex (S1930), and for terminals that do not support full duplex operation, it operates in HD duplex (S1940).

[0264] For a terminal that supports full duplex operation, it is initially operated in full duplex mode (S1950), and the SIC level is checked periodically (S1960).

[0265] At this time, if the SIC level is sufficient to receive the desired signal, the terminal operates in full duplex mode (S1970).

[0266] If the SIC level is insufficient to receive the desired signal, the terminal requests additional extended reference resources from the base station to secure the SIC level. At this time, the extended reference resource request count, which indicates the number of extended reference resource requests, is compared with a specific value (S1980). If the extended reference resource request count is less than the specific value, an extended reference resource request for SIC is performed (S1981), and additional SIC is performed on the extended reference resources (S1982). If the value of the extended reference resource request count is greater than or equal to the specific value, the terminal switches to half-duplex mode (S1990).

[0267] From the perspective of the network (base station), if the extended reference resource request count is below a specific value, the extended reference resource is approved and the corresponding information is sent to the terminal.

[0268] The terminal attempts to secure a SIC level within the extended reference resource interval (i.e., performs a better SCI by transmitting an additional uplink reference signal or an extended reference signal through the extended reference resource), and maintains full-duplex mode if a SIC level sufficient to receive the desired signal is secured during the next SIC level check. If the SIC level is insufficient despite a specific number of consecutive SIC attempts using this extended reference resource allocation, it switches to half-duplex mode. The aforementioned specific number may be set by the network or predetermined by standard specifications.

[0269] With respect to Fig. 19, the main operations of the terminal and base station are as follows.

[0270] 1) In a system that supports FD, duplex supportability is defined for each terminal and transmitted to the base station upon initial connection.

[0271] 2) While operating in full duplex mode, the terminal supporting FD checks the SIC level margin, and if the SIC level margin becomes insufficient, requests an extended reference resource for additional SIC from the base station.

[0272] 3) The terminal attempts self-interference cancellation using extended reference resources and, while counting this attempt, maintains full duplex mode through additional self-interference cancellation for a certain number of times.

[0273] 4) Check the SIC level for self-interference cancellation by extended reference resources, and the result is the S required for receiving the desired signal. req If it does not satisfy, switch to half-duplex mode.

[0274] FIG. 20 illustrates a method of operation of a terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0275] Referring to FIG. 20, the terminal receives a terminal capability enquiry (UE capability enquiry) from the network (S201). For example, the terminal capability enquiry may inquire whether the terminal supports full duplex.

[0276] The terminal transmits terminal capability information (UE capability information) to the network (S202). The terminal capability information may be a response to the terminal capability inquiry. The terminal capability information may include information indicating that the terminal supports full duplex mode.

[0277] The terminal receives a full duplex (FD) setting message from the network, wherein the FD setting message indicates the frequency location of the FD time resource, uplink subband, and downlink subband (S203).

[0278] When the terminal operates in FD mode in the above FD time resource, it monitors the amount of self interference (SI) (S204).

[0279] If the above amount of self-interference exceeds a specific value, the terminal transmits an extended reference signal resource request to the network (S205). The specific value may be set by the network or determined by a standard specification.

[0280] The terminal is allocated an extended reference signal resource from the network (S206). For example, in response to the request for the extended reference signal resource, the terminal may be provided with at least one of information indicating whether the extended reference signal resource is allocated, information on the allocation of frequency domain resources of the extended reference signal, information on the allocation of time domain resources of the extended reference signal, and information on the number of extended reference signals allocated.

[0281] The terminal attempts to cancel self-interference by transmitting an additional reference signal (the aforementioned additional uplink reference signal or extended reference signal) through the extended reference signal resource (S207). The terminal may attempt to cancel self-interference by utilizing both the reference signal previously transmitted and the additional reference signal transmitted through the extended reference signal resource.

[0282] The terminal counts the number of attempts for self-interference cancellation, and if the number of attempts for self-interference cancellation exceeds a predetermined value, the terminal may switch to half-duplex (HD) mode. The predetermined value may be set by a network or determined by a standard specification.

[0283] The above-mentioned self-interference cancellation can be performed based on at least one of a self-interference cancellation technique at the antenna end, an analog self-interference cancellation technique that removes interference before the received signal passes through an ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter), and a digital self-interference cancellation technique that removes interference after the received signal passes through an ADC.

[0284] When the amount of magnetic interference of the terminal is less than or equal to the specific value due to the above magnetic interference removal, the terminal maintains FD mode (S208).

[0285] In FD mode, the terminal can transmit uplink signals and receive downlink signals at the same time and in the same frequency band. In HD mode, the terminal transmits uplink signals and receives downlink signals at different times or in different frequency bands.

[0286] According to the method of the present disclosure, it is possible to prevent the terminal from frequently switching from FD mode to HD mode. Accordingly, it is possible to prevent an increase in total transition time and a decrease in system throughput due to frequent mode switching. In addition, it is possible to prevent an increase in the complexity of system operation from the perspective of the base station.

[0287] FIG. 21 illustrates a wireless device that can be applied to the present specification.

[0288] Referring to FIG. 21, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR).

[0289] The first wireless device (100) includes at least one processor (102) and at least one memory (104), and may additionally include at least one transceiver (106) and / or at least one antenna (108). The at least one processor (102, hereinafter simply referred to as processor) controls at least one memory (104, hereinafter simply referred to as memory) and / or at least one transceiver (106, hereinafter simply referred to as transceiver or transceiver), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information within the memory (104) to generate a first information / signal, and then transmit a wireless signal containing the first information / signal through the transceiver (106). Additionally, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal containing a second information / signal through a transceiver (106) and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signal in a memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequence diagrams disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive a wireless signal through one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (106) may be used in combination with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit.In this specification, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0290] The processor (102) receives a UE capability enquiry from the network, transmits UE capability information to the network, and receives a full duplex (FD) setting message from the network, wherein the FD setting message indicates the frequency positions of the FD time resource, uplink subband, and downlink subband, monitors the amount of self interference (SI) based on operating in FD mode at the FD time resource, and if the amount of self interference exceeds a specific value, transmits an extended reference signal resource request to the network, receives an extended reference signal resource from the network, attempts to eliminate self interference by transmitting an additional reference signal through the extended reference signal resource, and performs an operation to maintain the FD mode when the amount of self interference of the terminal is below the specific value due to the self interference elimination. The specific operation has been described with reference to FIGS. 16 to 20.

[0291] The second wireless device (200) includes at least one processor (202) and at least one memory (204), and may additionally include at least one transceiver (206) and / or at least one antenna (208). The processor (202) controls the memory (204) and / or transceiver (206) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or sequences of operation disclosed herein. For example, the processor (202) may process information within the memory (204) to generate a third information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the third information / signal through the transceiver (206). Additionally, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal containing a fourth information / signal through the transceiver (206) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the fourth information / signal in the memory (204). Memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, memory (204) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). A transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (206) may be interchangeable with an RF unit. In this specification, a wireless device may mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0292] The processor (202) transmits a UE capability enquiry to the terminal, receives UE capability information from the terminal, and transmits a full duplex (FD) setting message to the terminal, wherein the FD setting message indicates the frequency positions of the FD time resource, uplink subband, and downlink subband, receives an extended reference signal resource request from the terminal which operates in FD mode at the FD time resource and whose self interference (SI) amount exceeds a specific value, and performs the operation of allocating the extended reference signal resource to the terminal. The specific operation has been described with reference to FIGS. 16 to 20.

[0293] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate a signal (e.g., baseband signal) containing a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this document and provide it to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) may receive a signal (e.g., baseband signal) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and may obtain a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document.

[0294] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). One or more processors (102, 202) may also be implemented as at least one computer-readable medium (CRM) containing instructions based on being executed by at least one processor.

[0295] For example, at least one computer-readable medium (CRM) comprising an instruction based on execution by at least one processor performs the operations of receiving a UE capability enquiry from a network, transmitting UE capability information to the network, receiving a full duplex (FD) setting message from the network, wherein the FD setting message indicates the frequency positions of an FD time resource, an uplink subband, and a downlink subband, monitoring the amount of self interference (SI) based on operating in FD mode at the FD time resource, transmitting an extended reference signal resource request to the network when the amount of self interference exceeds a specific value, receiving an extended reference signal resource from the network, attempting to eliminate self interference by transmitting an additional reference signal through the extended reference signal resource, and maintaining the FD mode when the amount of self interference of the terminal is less than or equal to the specific value due to the self interference elimination. The specific operation has been explained with reference to FIGS. 16 to 20.

[0296] The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be included in one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and driven by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions, and / or sets of instructions.

[0297] One or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories (104, 204) may be composed of ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drive, registers, cache memory, computer read storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories (104, 204) may be located inside and / or outside of one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, one or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) through various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0298] One or more transceivers (106, 206) may transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., of this document to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) may receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., disclosed in this document from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document through one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert the received wireless signal / channel, etc. from an RF band signal to a baseband signal in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signal / channel, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed using one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. To this end, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0299] FIG. 22 illustrates an example of a signal processing module structure. Here, signal processing may be performed in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 21.

[0300] Referring to FIG. 22, a transmission device (e.g., a processor, a processor and memory, or a processor and a transceiver) within a terminal or base station may include a scrambler (301), a modulator (302), a layer mapper (303), an antenna port mapper (304), a resource block mapper (305), and a signal generator (306).

[0301] The transmission device can transmit one or more codewords. Each coded bit within a codeword is scrambled by a scrambler (301) and transmitted over a physical channel. A codeword may be referred to as a data sequence and may be equivalent to a transmission block, which is a data block provided by the MAC layer.

[0302] The scrambled bits are modulated into complex-valued modulation symbols by a modulator (302). The modulator (302) can modulate the scrambled bits according to a modulation scheme to arrange them into complex-valued modulation symbols representing positions on a signal constellation. There are no restrictions on the modulation scheme, and m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying) or m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc., may be used for modulating the encoded data. The modulator may be referred to as a modulation mapper.

[0303] The complex modulation symbols above can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (303). The complex modulation symbols on each layer can be mapped by an antenna port mapper (304) for transmission on an antenna port.

[0304] The resource block mapper (305) can map complex modulation symbols for each antenna port to appropriate resource elements within a virtual resource block allocated for transmission. The resource block mapper can map the virtual resource block to a physical resource block according to an appropriate mapping scheme. The resource block mapper (305) can assign complex modulation symbols for each antenna port to appropriate subcarriers and multiplex them according to the user.

[0305] The signal generator (306) can generate a complex-valued time domain OFDM symbol signal by modulating a complex modulation symbol for each antenna port, for example, an antenna-specific symbol, using a specific modulation method, for example, OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). The signal generator can perform an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) on the antenna-specific symbol, and a Cyclic Prefix (CP) can be inserted into the time domain symbol after the IFFT is performed. The OFDM symbol is transmitted to a receiving device through each transmitting antenna after undergoing digital-to-analog conversion, frequency uplink conversion, etc. The signal generator may include an IFFT module, a CP inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0306] FIG. 23 illustrates another example of a signal processing module structure within a transmission device. Here, signal processing can be performed in a processor of a terminal / base station, such as the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 21.

[0307] Referring to FIG. 23, a transmission device (e.g., a processor, a processor and memory, or a processor and a transceiver) within a terminal or base station may include a scrambler (401), a modulator (402), a layer mapper (403), a precoder (404), a resource block mapper (405), and a signal generator (406).

[0308] For one codeword, the transmission device can scramble the coded bits within the codeword by the scrambler (401) and then transmit them through the physical channel.

[0309] The scrambled bits are modulated into complex modulation symbols by a modulator (402). The modulator may modulate the scrambled bits according to a predetermined modulation scheme to arrange them into complex modulation symbols representing positions on a signal constellation. There are no restrictions on the modulation scheme, and pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), or m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc., may be used for modulating the encoded data.

[0310] The complex modulation symbol can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by the layer mapper (403).

[0311] Complex modulation symbols on each layer can be precoded by a precoder (404) for transmission on an antenna port. Here, the precoder may perform precoding after performing transform precoding on the complex modulation symbols. Alternatively, the precoder may perform precoding without performing transform precoding. The precoder (404) may process the complex modulation symbols in a MIMO manner according to multiple transmission antennas to output antenna-specific symbols and distribute the antenna-specific symbols to the corresponding resource block mapper (405). The output z of the precoder (404) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (403) by an N-X-M precoding matrix W. Here, N is the number of antenna ports and M is the number of layers.

[0312] The resource block mapper (405) maps the demodulation modulation symbol for each antenna port to the appropriate resource element within the virtual resource block allocated for transmission.

[0313] The resource block mapper (405) can assign complex modulation symbols to appropriate subcarriers and multiplex them according to the user.

[0314] The signal generator (406) can generate a complex-valued time domain Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol signal by modulating a complex modulated symbol using a specific modulation method, such as OFDM. The signal generator (406) can perform an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) on an antenna-specific symbol, and a Cyclic Prefix (CP) can be inserted into the time domain symbol after the IFFT is performed. The OFDM symbol is transmitted to a receiving device through each transmitting antenna after undergoing digital-to-analog conversion, frequency uplink conversion, etc. The signal generator (406) may include an IFFT module, a CP inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0315] The signal processing process of the receiving device may be configured as the inverse of the signal processing process of the transmitter. Specifically, the processor of the receiving device performs decoding and demodulation for a wireless signal received from the outside through the antenna port(s) of the transmitter and receiver. The receiving device may include multiple receiving antennas, and each signal received through the receiving antennas is restored to a baseband signal, then undergoes multiplexing and MIMO demodulation to be restored to the data sequence that the transmitting device originally intended to transmit. The receiving device (1820) may include a signal restorer for restoring the received signal to a baseband signal, a multiplexer for combining and multiplexing the received processed signals, and a channel demodulator for demodulating the multiplexed signal sequence into the corresponding codeword. The signal restorer, multiplexer, and channel demodulator may be configured as a single integrated module or as separate independent modules that perform their functions. More specifically, the signal restorer may include an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that converts an analog signal into a digital signal, a CP remover that removes CP from the digital signal, an FFT module that applies a fast Fourier transform (FFT) to the signal from which CP has been removed to output a frequency domain symbol, and a resource element demapper / equalizer that restores the frequency domain symbol to an antenna-specific symbol. The antenna-specific symbol is restored to a transport layer by a multiplexer, and the transport layer is restored to a codeword that the transmitting device intended to transmit by a channel demodulator.

[0316] FIG. 24 illustrates an example of a wireless communication device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0317] Referring to FIG. 24, a wireless communication device, for example, a terminal, may include at least one of a processor (2310), such as a digital signal processor (DSP) or a microprocessor, a transceiver (2335), a power management module (2305), an antenna (2340), a battery (2355), a display (2315), a keypad (2320), a Global Positioning System (GPS) chip (2360), a sensor (2365), a memory (2330), a Subscriber Identification Module (SIM) card (2325), a speaker (2345), and a microphone (2350). The antenna and the processor may be multiple.

[0318] The processor (2310) can implement the functions, procedures, and methods described in this specification. The processor (2310) of FIG. 24 may be the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 21.

[0319] The memory (2330) is connected to the processor (2310) and stores information related to the operation of the processor. The memory may be located inside or outside the processor and may be connected to the processor through various technologies such as wired or wireless connections. The memory (2330) of FIG. 24 may be the memory (104, 204) of FIG. 21.

[0320] The user can input various types of information, such as phone numbers, using various techniques, such as pressing a button on the keypad (2320) or using a microphone (2350) to activate sound. The processor (2310) receives and processes the user's information and can perform appropriate functions, such as making a call to the input phone number. In some scenarios, data may be retrieved from a SIM card (2325) or memory (2330) to perform appropriate functions. In some scenarios, the processor (2310) can display various types of information and data on a display (2315) for the user's convenience.

[0321] A transceiver (2335) is connected to a processor (2310) to transmit and / or receive a wireless signal, such as a Radio Frequency (RF) signal. The processor may control the transceiver to initiate communication or to transmit a wireless signal containing various types of information or data, such as voice communication data. The transceiver includes a transmitter and a receiver for transmitting and receiving wireless signals. An antenna (2340) may facilitate the transmission and reception of wireless signals. In some embodiments, when the transceiver receives a wireless signal, it may forward and convert the signal to a baseband frequency for processing by the processor. The processed signal may be processed by various techniques, such as being converted into audible or readable information to be output through a speaker (2345). The transceiver of FIG. 24 may be the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 21.

[0322] Although not illustrated in FIG. 24, various components such as a camera and a USB (Universal Serial Bus) port may be additionally included in the terminal. For example, the camera may be connected to the processor (2310).

[0323] FIG. 24 is merely one example of an implementation of a terminal, and is not limited thereto. The terminal is not required to include all the elements of FIG. 24. For example, some components, such as a keypad (2320), a Global Positioning System (GPS) chip (2360), a sensor (2365), and a SIM card (2325), may not be essential and, in this case, may not be included in the terminal.

[0324] Figure 25 illustrates another example of a wireless device.

[0325] According to FIG. 25, the wireless device may include at least one processor (102, 202), at least one memory (104, 204), at least one transceiver (106, 206), and one or more antennas (108, 208).

[0326] The difference between the example of the wireless device described in FIG. 21 and the example of the wireless device in FIG. 25 is that in FIG. 21, the processor (102, 202) and the memory (104, 204) are separated, whereas in the example of FIG. 25, the memory (104, 204) is included in the processor (102, 202). For example, the processor and the memory may form a single chipset.

[0327] FIG. 26 illustrates a communication system (1) applicable to the present specification.

[0328] Referring to FIG. 26, the communication system (1) to which the present specification applies includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Thing) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with wireless communication capabilities, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing inter-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). XR devices include AR (Augmented Reality) / VR (Virtual Reality) / MR (Mixed Reality) devices and can be implemented in the form of HMDs (Head-Mounted Devices), HUDs (Head-Up Displays) equipped in vehicles, televisions, smartphones, computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital signage, vehicles, robots, etc. Portable devices may include smartphones, smartpads, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches, smart glasses), computers (e.g., laptops, etc.). Home appliances may include TVs, refrigerators, washing machines, etc. IoT devices may include sensors, smart meters, etc. For example, base stations and networks may be implemented as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0329] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) through a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology may be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) through the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) may communicate with each other through the base station (200) / network (300), but they may also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to everything) communication). Also, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0330] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base station (200) and base station (200) / base station (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR), such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication), and inter-base station communication (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul)). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to / from each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, based on various proposals of this specification, at least some of the following may be performed: various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), resource allocation processes, etc.

[0331] Meanwhile, NR supports multiple numerologies (or subcarrier spacing (SCS)) to support various 5G services. For example, when the SCS is 15 kHz, it supports a wide area in traditional cellular bands; when the SCS is 30 kHz / 60 kHz, it supports dense-urban, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth; and when the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, it supports a bandwidth greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0332] The NR frequency band can be defined by two types of frequency ranges (FR1, FR2). The numerical values ​​of the frequency ranges may change, for example, the two types of frequency ranges (FR1, FR2) may be as shown in Table 8 below. For convenience of explanation, among the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 (frequency range 1) may mean the “sub 6GHz range” and FR2 (frequency range 2) may mean the “above 6GHz range” and may be referred to as millimeter wave (mmW).

[0333] [Table 8]

[0334]

[0335] As described above, the numerical values ​​of the frequency range of the NR system may change. For example, FR1 may include a band of 410 MHz to 7125 MHz as shown in Table 9 below. For example, FR1 may include a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher. For example, the frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher included within FR1 may include an unlicensed band. The unlicensed band may be used for various purposes, for example, for communication for vehicles (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0336] [Table 9]

[0337]

[0338] The claims described in this specification may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a method.

Claims

1. Regarding the method, The terminal receives a UE capability enquiry from the network, and The terminal transmits UE capability information to the network, and The terminal receives a full duplex (FD) configuration message from the network, wherein the FD configuration message indicates the frequency locations of the FD time resource, uplink subband, and downlink subband, and Based on the above terminal operating in FD mode in the above FD time resource, the amount of self interference (SI) is monitored, and If the above amount of self-interference exceeds a specific value, the terminal transmits an extended reference signal resource request to the network, and The above terminal is allocated an extended reference signal resource from the above network, and The terminal attempts to eliminate self-interference by transmitting an additional reference signal through the extended reference signal resource mentioned above, and A method characterized in that the terminal maintains the FD mode based on the fact that the amount of magnetic interference of the terminal is less than or equal to the specific value by the above magnetic interference removal.

2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the terminal capability information includes information indicating that the terminal supports a full duplex mode.

3. In claim 1, in response to the extended reference signal resource request, A method characterized by including at least one of information indicating whether to allocate an extended reference signal resource, information on the allocation of a frequency domain resource of the extended reference signal, information on the allocation of a time domain resource of the extended reference signal, and information on the number of extended reference signals allocated.

4. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the terminal counts the number of attempts to remove the self-interference.

5. A method according to claim 4, characterized in that when the number of attempts at self-interference removal exceeds a predetermined value, the terminal switches to half-duplex (HD) mode.

6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the self-interference removal is performed based on at least one of a self-interference removal technique at the antenna end, an analog self-interference removal technique that removes interference before the received signal passes through an ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter), and a digital self-interference removal technique that removes interference after the received signal passes through the ADC.

7. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the terminal can perform the transmission of an uplink signal and the reception of a downlink signal in the same time and same frequency band in the FD mode.

8. A method according to claim 1, wherein the terminal performs the transmission of an uplink signal and the reception of a downlink signal in the HD mode at different times or in different frequency bands.

9. The terminal is, At least one transceiver; At least one memory; and The above includes at least one memory and at least one processor operably coupled with the above at least one transceiver, The above at least one memory includes instructions that are executed by the above at least one processor to perform operations, wherein The above operations are, The terminal receives a UE capability enquiry from the network, and The terminal transmits UE capability information to the network, and The terminal receives a full duplex (FD) configuration message from the network, wherein the FD configuration message indicates the frequency locations of the FD time resource, uplink subband, and downlink subband, and Based on the above terminal operating in FD mode in the above FD time resource, the amount of self interference (SI) is monitored, and If the above amount of self-interference exceeds a specific value, the terminal transmits an extended reference signal resource request to the network, and The above terminal is allocated an extended reference signal resource from the above network, and The terminal attempts to eliminate self-interference by transmitting an additional reference signal through the extended reference signal resource mentioned above, and A method characterized in that the terminal maintains the FD mode based on the fact that the amount of magnetic interference of the terminal is less than or equal to the specific value by the above magnetic interference removal.

10. A terminal according to claim 9, characterized in that the terminal capability information includes information indicating that the terminal supports full duplex mode.

11. In claim 9, in response to the extended reference signal resource request, A terminal characterized by including at least one of information indicating whether an extended reference signal resource is allocated, information on the allocation of frequency domain resources of the extended reference signal, information on the allocation of time domain resources of the extended reference signal, and information on the number of extended reference signals allocated.

12. A terminal according to claim 9, characterized in that the terminal counts the number of attempts to remove the self-interference.

13. A terminal according to claim 12, characterized in that when the number of attempts at self-interference removal exceeds a predetermined value, the terminal switches to half-duplex (HD) mode.

14. A terminal according to claim 9, wherein the self-interference cancellation is performed based on at least one of a self-interference cancellation technique at the antenna end, an analog self-interference cancellation technique that cancels interference before the received signal passes through an ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter), and a digital self-interference cancellation technique that cancels interference after the received signal passes through an ADC.

15. A terminal according to claim 9, characterized in that the terminal can perform the transmission of an uplink signal and the reception of a downlink signal in the same time and same frequency band in the FD mode.

16. In claim 9, the terminal is characterized by performing the transmission of an uplink signal and the reception of a downlink signal in the HD mode at different times or in different frequency bands.

17. The device is, At least one memory; and The above includes at least one processor operably coupled with at least one memory, The above at least one memory includes instructions that are executed by the above at least one processor to perform operations, wherein The above operations are, Receives a UE capability enquiry from the network, and Transmitting UE capability information to the above network, and A full duplex (FD) configuration message is received from the network, wherein the FD configuration message indicates the frequency locations of the FD time resource, uplink subband, and downlink subband, and Based on operating in FD mode in the above FD time resource, the amount of self interference (SI) is monitored, and If the above amount of self-interference exceeds a specific value, an extended reference signal resource request is transmitted to the network, and Allocated extended reference signal resources from the above network, and Attempting to eliminate self-interference by transmitting an additional reference signal through the above-mentioned extended reference signal resource, and A device characterized by maintaining the FD mode based on the fact that the amount of magnetic interference is less than or equal to the specific value by the above-mentioned magnetic interference removal.

18. At least one computer-readable medium (CRM) comprising instructions based on execution by at least one processor, The operation of receiving a UE capability enquiry from the network, The operation of transmitting terminal capability information (UE capability information) to the above network, Receiving a full duplex (FD) configuration message from the network, wherein the FD configuration message indicates the frequency positions of the FD time resource, uplink subband, and downlink subband, Operation of monitoring the amount of self interference (SI) based on operating in FD mode in the above FD time resource, The operation of transmitting an extended reference signal resource request to the network when the above amount of self-interference exceeds a specific value, Operation of allocating extended reference signal resources from the above network, An operation to attempt self-interference cancellation by transmitting an additional reference signal through the above-mentioned extended reference signal resource, and A CRM characterized by performing an operation to maintain the FD mode based on the fact that the amount of magnetic interference is less than or equal to the specific value by the above-mentioned magnetic interference removal.

19. Regarding the method, The network sends a UE capability enquiry to the terminal, and The network receives terminal capability information (UE capability information) from the terminal, and The network transmits a full duplex (FD) configuration message to the terminal, wherein the FD configuration message indicates the frequency locations of the FD time resource, uplink subband, and downlink subband, and The network receives an extended reference signal resource request from the terminal operating in FD mode in the above FD time resource and whose self interference (SI) amount exceeds a specific value, and A method characterized by allocating an extended reference signal resource of the network to the terminal.

20. A base station is, At least one transceiver; At least one memory; and The above includes at least one memory and at least one processor operably coupled with the above at least one transceiver, The above at least one memory includes instructions that are executed by the above at least one processor to perform operations, wherein The above operations are, Send a UE capability enquiry to the terminal, and Received terminal capability information (UE capability information) from the above terminal, and A full duplex (FD) configuration message is transmitted to the terminal, wherein the FD configuration message indicates the frequency locations of the FD time resource, uplink subband, and downlink subband, and Receiving an extended reference signal resource request from the terminal that operates in FD mode in the above FD time resource and whose self interference (SI) amount exceeds a specific value, A base station characterized by allocating extended reference signal resources to the above terminal.

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