Internet of things (IOT)-based filtering system for non-point source pollution treatment

Abstract

An Internet of Things (IoT)-based filtering-type non-point source pollution treatment system according to the present invention may improve non-point source pollution treatment efficiency by simultaneously removing fine particles and total phosphorus (TP) through a combination of filtration using a polypropylene / polyethylene mixed medium and hydrocyclone coagulation, and may implement optimal backwashing conditions by applying an IoT-based automatic backwashing control algorithm.

Description

IoT-based filtration-type non-point source pollution treatment system

[0001] The present invention relates to a non-point source contamination treatment system, and more specifically, to an IoT-based filtration type non-point source contamination treatment system that can increase the non-point source contamination treatment efficiency by simultaneously removing fine particles and TP (Total Phosphorus) and can implement optimal backwashing conditions by applying an IoT-based automatic backwashing control algorithm.

[0002] Urban areas have a high proportion of impermeable surfaces, resulting in strong first flushes even during low rainfall intensities and high concentrations of runoff pollutants. It has been reported that nutrients such as Total Nitrogen (TN) and Total Phosphorus (TP) are adsorbed onto urban stormwater runoff and exhibit similar behavior. The particle sizes of urban stormwater runoff range widely from colloidal sizes of 1 µm or less to 10,000 µm. Furthermore, the characteristics of stormwater runoff include the fact that more than 80% of pollutants within it are adsorbed onto fine particles of 100 µm or less.

[0003] The characteristics of the initial runoff intensity of particulate and dissolved pollutants during rainfall are shown in Fig. 1. As shown in Fig. 1, the initial runoff intensity is stronger for particulate pollutants such as SS (Suspended Solid), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), TKN (Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen), and TP than for dissolved pollutants such as NO3-N and Pb, and it can be seen that it is proportional to the rainfall intensity and the ratio of the impervious surface area.

[0004] TP, a substance causing eutrophication, has the characteristic of easily adsorbing (attaching) to fine particles and is discharged in the form of particulate PP (Particulate Phosphorus) and dissolved DP (dissolved phosphorus), causing algal growth and eutrophication. As shown in Figure 2, TP behaves by adsorbing (attaching) to fine particles, and it can be seen that there is a tendency for strong initial runoff to occur even with weak rainfall intensity.

[0005] The average TP concentration in urban stormwater runoff in the United States is 0.4 mg / L, exceeding the eutrophication threshold of 0.02 mg / L. While Best Management Practice (BMP) facilities for non-point source pollution reduction can reduce some PP, the reduction effect for DP is very low. DP is a major pollutant that causes eutrophication by being rapidly absorbed by aquatic plants and algae, requiring special management.

[0006] The need to strengthen regulations on TP in stormwater runoff, a causative agent of eutrophication, is being emphasized. According to previously published papers, the standard for TP removal rates in stormwater runoff is 50–65%, but the TP removal rate of existing BMP facilities has been reported to be 40% or less. Furthermore, it was emphasized that strengthening discharge standards for DP and PP in stormwater runoff is a top priority for eutrophication control and watershed management. Although DP in urban stormwater runoff is a major water system pollutant, it cannot be removed by current BMP facilities; DP in urban stormwater runoff accounts for 36%–44% of TP, and particularly due to the decomposition of fallen leaves in the autumn, DP has been reported to exceed 85%.

[0007] The Ministry of Environment has been implementing a performance inspection system for non-point source pollution reduction facilities since October 2020 to objectively verify the performance of such facilities and promote the development of related technologies. The performance requirements for filtration-type non-point source pollution reduction facilities stipulate an annual SS removal efficiency of 80% or more, a head loss of 10 cm or less, and the use of filter media capable of recovering the head loss after backwashing.

[0008] Operating filtration-type treatment facilities for urban non-point source pollution is very difficult due to irregular rainfall and the occurrence of extreme flow rates and concentrations. To date, most filtration-type non-point source treatment facilities perform backwashing once or twice using air and water after rainfall ends, but there are limitations to the recovery rate of the filter media's filtration capacity. Major problems with filtration-type non-point source pollution treatment facilities include reduced treatment efficiency and a lack of unstable automatic backwashing control technology.

[0009] Meanwhile, Korean Registered Patent Publication No. 10-1899987 (Patent Document 1) discloses a "non-point source pollution treatment system," wherein the non-point source pollution treatment system according to this is characterized by comprising: a first mesh net (100) formed above the ground; a storage tank (200) formed below the ground below the first mesh net (100) and having a storage space formed to accommodate non-point source pollution; a water overflow section (240) formed to penetrate one side of the wall of the storage tank (200); a first discharge pipe (220) formed extending in the longitudinal direction on one side below the storage tank (200); and a second discharge pipe (230) formed spaced apart from the storage tank (200) in the downward direction and including one or more perforations.

[0010] In the case of Patent Document 1 described above, although it has the advantage of being able to easily treat and manage non-point source pollution by utilizing LID (low-impact development) technology that is formed under the ground of either a sidewalk or a roadway and can frequently supply water to landscaping trees during the dry season, it has the disadvantage that it is not suitable as a solution for more fundamentally reducing and treating non-point source pollution because it is a mechanism that mainly stores and manages non-point source pollution in a physical manner.

[0011] Prior Art: Korean Registered Patent Publication No. 10-1899987 (Published September 18, 2018)

[0012] The present invention was created by comprehensively considering the above matters, and aims to provide an IoT-based filtration-type non-point source contamination treatment system that can increase the non-point source contamination treatment efficiency by combining filtration with a polypropylene / polyethylene mixed medium and hydrocyclone coagulation to simultaneously remove fine particles and TP (Total Phosphorus), and can implement optimal backwashing conditions by applying an IoT-based automatic backwashing control algorithm.

[0013] To achieve the above objective, the Internet of Things-based filtration-type non-point source pollution treatment system according to the present invention is,

[0014] As a filtration-type non-point source pollution treatment system based on the Internet of Things,

[0015] Influent storage tank for storing influent for non-point source pollution treatment simulation;

[0016] A particle sample storage tank connected by another pipeline to the pipeline connecting the influent storage tank and the first-stage upward-flow filter, storing a particle sample inside, and injecting the particle sample into the water supplied from the influent storage tank to the first-stage upward-flow filter;

[0017] A TP standard solution storage tank connected by another pipeline to the pipeline connecting the influent storage tank and the first-stage upflow filter, storing a TP (Total Phosphorus) standard solution inside, and injecting the TP standard solution into the water supplied from the influent storage tank to the first-stage upflow filter;

[0018] A first-stage upward-flow filter that receives a mixed water, in which the particle sample and TP standard solution are mixed, from the water supplied from the influent reservoir to the first-stage upward-flow filter side, and filters the particle sample present in the mixed water;

[0019] A hydrocyclone connected to the above-mentioned first-stage upflow filter by a pipeline, which receives the first-stage filtered mixed water flowing out from the above-mentioned first-stage upflow filter and forms a swirling vortex to separate solid particles or other types of droplets suspended in the fluid;

[0020] A coagulant reservoir connected to the above hydrocyclone by a pipeline, storing a coagulant inside, and injecting the coagulant into the hydrocyclone to remove TP present in the mixed water inside the hydrocyclone;

[0021] A two-stage upward flow filter that receives mixed water in which the coagulant is injected, supplied from the above hydrocyclone to the two-stage upward flow filter side, and removes substances to be removed present in the mixed water;

[0022] A purified water storage tank that receives and stores purified water from the two-stage upward flow filter, from which the substances to be removed present in the mixed water have been removed by the two-stage upward flow filter; and

[0023] The invention is characterized by including a control unit that controls the status check and operation of various pumps and sensors involved in a series of filtration-type non-point source pollution treatment processes by the above-mentioned influent storage tank, particle sample storage tank, TP standard solution storage tank, first-stage upward flow filter, hydrocyclone, coagulant storage tank, and second-stage upward flow filter, processes and stores data obtained from the filtration-type non-point source pollution treatment process, and provides data to an external terminal to enable data analysis and manual control by an external terminal.

[0024] Here, preferably, after the filtration of each operating cycle of the two-stage upflow filter is finished, the stagnant water remaining inside the two-stage upflow filter is discharged, water from the reservoir is injected into the upper part of the two-stage upflow filter to fill it, and then air is injected into the air lift to backwash the inside of the two-stage upflow filter.

[0025] At this time, the above backwashing process can be configured to be performed by an Internet of Things (IoT)-based automatic backwashing control algorithm.

[0026] In addition, as the particle sample stored in the particle sample storage tank, a sample prepared by mixing powder particles at a concentration of 10% with water in a stirring storage tank may be used.

[0027] In addition, regarding the TP standard solution stored in the above TP standard solution reservoir, potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) dried at 105°C can be used as TP.

[0028] In addition, as the filtering media of the above-mentioned first-stage upward-flow filter, a fiber ball filter media mixed with polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) having a spherical shape, a particle size of 20 mm, a uniformity factor of 1.15, and a porosity of 95% may be used.

[0029] In addition, the coagulant stored in the above-mentioned coagulant reservoir is PACS-2 (Poly Aluminum Chloride Silicate, Al 13 O4(OH) 24 7+ ) can be used.

[0030] In addition, the removal target material removed by the above-mentioned two-stage upward flow filter may include SS (Suspended Solid), TP (Total Phosphorus), and TOC (Total Organic Carbon).

[0031] In addition, the control unit may be configured to receive and process data from the first-stage upflow filter and the second-stage upflow filter through an IoT device, and to transmit a control signal for controlling the variable sample injection pump to the variable sample injection pump through the IoT device.

[0032] In addition, the control unit may be configured to provide data to an external terminal via the TCP / IP protocol in order to enable manual control by an external terminal.

[0033] In addition, the control unit may be configured to provide data to an external terminal through a serial port so that data analysis by the external terminal is possible.

[0034] According to the present invention, the non-point source contamination treatment efficiency can be increased by simultaneously removing fine particles and TP (Total Phosphorus) through a combination of filtration using a polypropylene / polyethylene mixed medium and hydrocyclone coagulation, and optimal backwashing conditions can be achieved by applying an Internet of Things (IoT)-based automatic backwashing control algorithm.

[0035] Figure 1 is a diagram showing the initial runoff intensity characteristics of particulate pollutants and dissolved pollutants during rainfall.

[0036] Figure 2 is a diagram showing the cumulative mass and volume curves of TP.

[0037] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of an Internet of Things-based filtration type non-point source pollution treatment system according to the present invention.

[0038] Figure 4 is a diagram showing an overview of how sensor and source data of an upflow filtration system are transmitted to a control unit via an IoT device and how data from the control unit is provided to an external terminal.

[0039] Figure 5 is a diagram showing the equipment for testing the performance of a hydrocyclone coagulation, filtration, and backwashing upward flow filtration system.

[0040] Figure 6 is a diagram showing a sampling port for a two-stage upward flow filtration system.

[0041] Figure 7 is a table showing the analysis results and operation results, such as Turbidity, SS, pH, TP, and TOC, after injecting a coagulant into a two-stage filtration column device and operating it.

[0042] Figure 8 is a diagram showing the results of head loss, turbidity, SS, TP, and TOC removal efficiency according to the operating time of a two-stage filtration column device.

[0043] Terms and words used in this specification and claims should not be interpreted as being limited to their ordinary or dictionary meanings, and should be interpreted in a meaning and concept consistent with the technical spirit of the invention, based on the principle that the inventor can appropriately define the concept of the terms to best describe his invention.

[0044] Throughout the specification, when a part is described as "comprising" a certain component, this means that, unless specifically stated otherwise, it does not exclude other components but may include additional components. Furthermore, terms such as "…part," "…unit," "module," and "device" as used in the specification refer to a unit that processes at least one function or operation, and this may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software.

[0045] Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings.

[0046] Here, before describing the embodiments of the present invention in detail, we will first briefly explain the background of the development of the present invention to aid in understanding the invention.

[0047] Based on the performance SS removal efficiency of 80% or more, head loss of 10 cm or less, and the use of filter media capable of recovering head loss after backwashing as stipulated by the Ministry of Environment in 2020, the present invention introduces an Internet of Things (IoT)-based high-efficiency filtration type non-point source pollution treatment device automatic control system to improve treatment efficiency and recovery rate higher than the head loss recovery efficiency after backwashing.

[0048] The key to the development of urban stormwater runoff treatment devices lies in developing a high-efficiency, integrated, and reliable filtration treatment system. The goal of the present invention is to develop a non-point source pollution filtration system that applies IoT-based automatic control technology to a high-efficiency, integrated treatment system capable of simultaneously removing fine particles of 3㎛ or less and Total Phosphorus (TP) in order to preemptively develop technology for strengthening TP removal standards in stormwater runoff.

[0049] Then, based on the development background of the present invention as described above, embodiments of the present invention will be explained below.

[0050] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of an Internet of Things-based filtration type non-point source pollution treatment system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] Referring to FIG. 3, the Internet of Things-based filtration type non-point source pollution treatment system (300) according to the present invention is an Internet of Things-based filtration type non-point source pollution treatment system and may be configured to include an influent water storage tank (310), a particle sample storage tank (320), a TP standard solution storage tank (330), a first-stage upward flow filter (340), a hydrocyclone (350), a coagulant storage tank (360), a second-stage upward flow filter (370), a purified water storage tank (380), and a control unit (420).

[0052] The influent storage tank (310) stores influent water for non-point source pollution treatment simulation.

[0053] The particle sample storage tank (320) is connected by another pipeline to the pipeline connecting the influent water storage tank (310) and the first-stage upward-flow filter (340), stores particle samples inside, and injects the particle samples into the water supplied from the influent water storage tank (310) to the first-stage upward-flow filter (340). Here, the particle samples stored in such a particle sample storage tank (320) include powder particles (for example, d p A sample prepared at a concentration of 10% (<3㎛) and mixed with water in a stirred reservoir can be used.

[0054] The TP standard solution storage tank (330) is connected by another pipeline to the pipeline connecting the influent storage tank (310) and the first-stage upward-flow filter (340), and stores a TP (Total Phosphorus) standard solution inside, and injects the TP standard solution into the water supplied from the influent storage tank (310) to the first-stage upward-flow filter (340). In the TP standard solution stored in such a TP standard solution storage tank (330), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) dried at 105°C may be used as the TP.

[0055] The first stage upflow filter (340) receives mixed water in which the particle sample and TP standard solution are mixed from the influent water storage tank (310) to the first stage upflow filter (340) and filters the particle sample present in the mixed water. Here, as the filtering media of such a first stage upflow filter (340), a fiber ball filter media made of a mixture of polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) with a spherical shape, a particle size of 20 mm, a uniformity factor of 1.15, and a porosity of 95% may be used.

[0056] The hydrocyclone (350) is connected to the first-stage upflow filter (340) by a pipeline and receives the first-stage filtered mixed water flowing out from the first-stage upflow filter (340) to form a swirling vortex to separate solid particles or other types of droplets suspended in the fluid.

[0057] The coagulant storage tank (360) is connected to the hydrocyclone (350) by a pipeline and stores a coagulant inside, and injects the coagulant into the hydrocyclone (350) to remove TP present in the mixed water inside the hydrocyclone (350). The coagulant stored in such a coagulant storage tank (360) is PACS-2 (Poly Aluminum Chloride Silicate, Al 13 O4(OH) 24 7+ ) can be used.

[0058] The second-stage upflow filter (370) receives the mixed water in which the coagulant is injected, supplied from the hydrocyclone (350) to the second-stage upflow filter (370), and removes the substances to be removed present in the mixed water. Here, the substances to be removed removed by such a second-stage upflow filter (370) may include SS (Suspended Solid), TP (Total Phosphorus), and TOC (Total Organic Carbon).

[0059] The purified water storage tank (380) receives and stores purified water from the two-stage upward flow filter (370) from which the substances to be removed present in the mixed water have been removed by the two-stage upward flow filter (370). In FIG. 3, the unexplained reference numeral 315 represents a mixed water transfer pump that transfers mixed water to a first-stage upward-flow filter (340); 321 represents a particle sample injection device that injects a particle sample stored in a particle sample storage tank (320) into water supplied from an influent storage tank (310) to a first-stage upward-flow filter (340); 331 represents a TP standard solution injection device that injects a TP standard solution stored in a TP standard solution storage tank (330) into water supplied from an influent storage tank (310) to a first-stage upward-flow filter (340); and 361 represents a coagulant injection device that injects a coagulant stored in a coagulant storage tank (360) into a hydrocyclone (350).

[0060] Meanwhile, the control unit (420) (see FIG. 4) controls the status check and operation of various pumps and sensors involved in a series of filtration-type non-point source pollution treatment processes by the influent water storage tank (310), particle sample storage tank (320), TP standard solution storage tank (330), 1st stage upward flow filter (340), hydrocyclone (350), coagulant storage tank (360), and 2nd stage upward flow filter (370), processes and stores data obtained from the filtration-type non-point source pollution treatment process, and provides data to an external terminal (430) so that data analysis and manual control by an external terminal (440) are possible. Here, such a control unit (420) may be configured to receive and process data from the first stage upflow filter (340) and the second stage upflow filter (370) through the IoT device (410), and to transmit a control signal for controlling the variable sample injection pump to the variable sample injection pump through the IoT device (410).

[0061] In addition, the control unit (420) may be configured to provide data to an external terminal (430) via the TCP / IP protocol so that manual control by the external terminal (430) is possible.

[0062] In addition, the control unit (420) may be configured to provide data to an external terminal (440) through a serial port so that data analysis by another external terminal (440) is possible.

[0063] The Internet of Things-based filtration type non-point source pollution treatment system (300) according to the present invention, having the configuration as described above, may preferably further include a backwash reservoir (not shown) that, after the filtration of each operating cycle of the two-stage upflow filter (370) is completed, discharges the stagnant water remaining inside the two-stage upflow filter (370), fills the reservoir with water by injecting it into the upper part of the two-stage upflow filter (370), and then backwashes the inside of the two-stage upflow filter (370) by injecting air into an air lift. At this time, the backwashing process may be configured to be performed by an Internet of Things (IoT)-based automatic backwash control algorithm (a type of software program).

[0064] Below, we will provide further explanation regarding the Internet of Things-based filtration type non-point source pollution treatment system (300) according to the present invention as described above.

[0065] Figure 5 is a diagram showing the equipment for testing the performance of a hydrocyclone coagulation, filtration, and backwashing upward flow filtration system.

[0066] As illustrated in FIG. 5, the inventor of the present invention designed and manufactured a hydrocyclone coagulation, filtration, and backwashing upward-flow filtration system. The single-stage and two-stage filtration systems, made of transparent acrylic material, are of the same dimensions, forming a square with dimensions of 0.2m x 0.2m with a cross-sectional area of ​​0.04m². 2 The bottom filter media height is 0.3m, the middle space height is 0.1m, the top filter media height is 0.3m, and the freeboard is 0.5m, so the total height is 1.2m. The volume from the filter media to the middle space is 28L.

[0067] It was designed and manufactured in a cartridge form in 0.3m increments, taking into account filter media replacement, column height adjustment, operating conditions, and maintenance. To enhance backwashing efficiency, an airlift backwashing device was installed in a 0.1m space between the upper and lower filter media cartridges. An air backwashing nozzle was also installed in a 0.1m space beneath the lower cartridge. A 10mm wide flat nozzle was installed in the middle of the upper and lower sections, while a 30mm wide, 1mm diameter flat nozzle was installed at the bottom of the lower cartridge. Mid-effluent sample ports were installed to analyze the treatment characteristics of the upper and lower filter media. Pressure gauges were installed at 100mm intervals on the upper and lower filter media cartridges to measure changes in pressure loss during filtration. The filter paper consisted of compressed fiber ball media with a particle size of 20mm.

[0068] To certify the treatment efficiency of non-point source pollution treatment facilities, powder particles were prepared at a 10% concentration and mixed with tap water using a Masterflex metering pump in a 20L agitation storage tank. The system was configured to allow for the adjustment of influent turbidity and SS concentration after measuring turbidity. It was designed to allow for the simultaneous use of an option to inject a TP standard solution (1,000 mg / L) into the inlet pipeline of the two-stage filter using a Masterflex metering pump from the 20L storage tank, as well as a hydrocyclone coagulation option. A backwash air compressor and flow meter were installed to allow for the adjustment of air volume at the bottom of the upper and lower cartridges, respectively. The device was composed of other components such as bypass valves, fittings, piping, and an effluent storage tank.

[0069] Simultaneously with sample collection, the head loss was calculated by measuring the pressure gauges installed on each of the six filter media columns. After the completion of filtration for each operating cycle, the entire amount of stagnant water in the filtration columns was discharged downwards to collect the volume and samples. After draining, water from the reservoir was injected into the top of the column to fill it; then, air was injected into the airlift to perform a first backwash for 5 minutes, followed by drainage and sample collection. A second backwash was also performed for 5 minutes using the same method.

[0070] To calculate the mass balance of solid matter remaining in the filter media, discharge volumes and samples were collected after the first and second backwashing. The collected samples were analyzed for pH, turbidity, SS, and TP. SS was analyzed using a 500 mL sample, and turbidity was measured using a Hach turbidimeter (measurement range 0–4,000 NTU). SS and TP were analyzed in accordance with the Standard Test Methods for Water Pollution.

[0071] Figure 5 (a) shows the state before operation, and (b) shows the state after operation.

[0072] Figure 6 is a diagram showing a sampling port for a two-stage upward flow filtration system.

[0073] Referring to FIG. 6, the inventor of the present invention injected a coagulant into a two-stage filtration column device and operated it for a total of 7 cycles. Influent, effluent, and intermediate water-1, intermediate water-2, and intermediate water-3 were collected every 5 minutes to analyze turbidity, SS, pH, TP, TOC, etc. The analysis results were summarized in a table as shown in FIG. 7(a), and the operating results were organized in a table as shown in FIG. 7(b). The common operating condition for each cycle was an average flow rate of 0.8 m³ 3 / hr, SOR average 20 m 3 / m 2 I drove at / hr.

[0074] As a result of operating the 2-stage filtration device for 1 to 7 cycles with the injection of a coagulant, for example, in the case of the influent for 1 cycle, the turbidity range is 259 to 429 NTU (average 361 NTU), SS is 512 to 1,878 mg / L (average 1,133 mg / L), pH is 759 to 798 (average 780), TP is 153 to 176 mg / L (average 165 mg / L), and TOC is 162 to 188 mg / L (average 170 mg / L).

[0075] For the effluent, the turbidity is 1 to 15 NTU (average 5 NTU), SS is 0 to 15 mg / L (average 5 mg / L), pH is 751 to 787 (average 765), TP is 009 to 037 mg / L (average 023 mg / L), and TOC is 102 to 151 mg / L (average 113 mg / L).

[0076] For intermediate water-1, Turbidity 84 ~ 128 NTU (average 103 NTU), SS 98 ~ 187 mg / L (average 136 mg / L), pH 75 ~ 781 (average 767), TP 101 ~ 119 mg / L (average 110 mg / L), and TOC 143 ~ 178 mg / L (average 157 mg / L).

[0077] For intermediate water-2, the turbidity is 9 to 28 NTU (average 17 NTU), SS is 2 to 15 mg / L (average 9 mg / L), pH is 74 to 791 (average 768), TP is 055 to 075 mg / L (average 065 mg / L), and TOC is 132 to 167 mg / L (average 147 mg / L). For intermediate water-3, the turbidity is 4 to 21 NTU (average 10 NTU), SS is 7 to 40 mg / L (average 17 mg / L), pH is 746 to 786 (average 765), TP is 026 to 052 mg / L (average 037 mg / L), and TOC is 121 to 155 mg / L (average 131 mg / L).

[0078] As a result of operating the two-stage filtration column device with coagulant injection, high treatment efficiencies were observed, averaging 96.6% for Turbidity and 98.8% for SS, while TP treatment efficiency was 85.6%. Head loss was analyzed to be approximately 72 cm on average for both two-stage filtration devices, showing stable results compared to single-stage filtration devices.

[0079] The results of head loss, SOR change, and turbidity, SS, TP, and TOC removal efficiency according to operating time are shown in Fig. 8. In Fig. 8, (a) shows head loss, (b) shows SS, (c) shows turbidity, (d) shows TP, and (e) shows the removal efficiency of SS, turbidity, TP, and TOC, respectively.

[0080] As described above, the IoT-based filtration-type non-point source contamination treatment system according to the present invention has the advantage of being able to increase the non-point source contamination treatment efficiency by combining filtration with a polypropylene / polyethylene mixed medium and hydrocyclone coagulation to simultaneously remove fine particles and TP (Total Phosphorus), and to achieve optimal backwashing conditions by applying an IoT-based automatic backwashing control algorithm.

[0081] Although the present invention has been described in detail through preferred embodiments, the invention is not limited thereto, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications and applications can be made within the scope of the technical concept of the invention. Accordingly, the true scope of protection of the present invention should be interpreted by the following claims, and all technical concepts within an equivalent scope should be interpreted as being included within the scope of rights of the present invention.

Claims

1. As a filtration-type non-point source pollution treatment system based on the Internet of Things, Influent storage tank for storing influent for non-point source pollution treatment simulation; A particle sample storage tank connected by another pipeline to the pipeline connecting the influent storage tank and the first-stage upward-flow filter, storing a particle sample inside, and injecting the particle sample into the water supplied from the influent storage tank to the first-stage upward-flow filter; A TP standard solution storage tank connected by another pipeline to the pipeline connecting the influent storage tank and the first-stage upflow filter, storing a TP (Total Phosphorus) standard solution inside, and injecting the TP standard solution into the water supplied from the influent storage tank to the first-stage upflow filter; A first-stage upward-flow filter that receives a mixed water, in which the particle sample and TP standard solution are mixed, from the water supplied from the influent reservoir to the first-stage upward-flow filter side, and filters the particle sample present in the mixed water; A hydrocyclone connected to the above-mentioned first-stage upflow filter by a pipeline, which receives the first-stage filtered mixed water flowing out from the above-mentioned first-stage upflow filter and forms a swirling vortex to separate solid particles or other types of droplets suspended in the fluid; A coagulant reservoir connected to the above hydrocyclone by a pipeline, storing a coagulant inside, and injecting the coagulant into the hydrocyclone to remove TP present in the mixed water inside the hydrocyclone; A two-stage upward flow filter that receives mixed water in which the coagulant is injected, supplied from the above hydrocyclone to the two-stage upward flow filter side, and removes substances to be removed present in the mixed water; A purified water storage tank that receives and stores purified water from the two-stage upward flow filter, from which the substances to be removed present in the mixed water have been removed by the two-stage upward flow filter; and An Internet of Things-based filtration-type non-point source pollution treatment system comprising a control unit that checks the status and controls the operation of various pumps and sensors involved in a series of filtration-type non-point source pollution treatment processes by the above-mentioned influent storage tank, particle sample storage tank, TP standard solution storage tank, first-stage upward flow filter, hydrocyclone, coagulant storage tank, and second-stage upward flow filter, processes and stores data obtained from the filtration-type non-point source pollution treatment process, and provides data to an external terminal to enable data analysis and manual control by an external terminal.

2. In Paragraph 1, An IoT-based filtration-type non-point source pollution treatment system further comprising a backwash reservoir that, after the filtration of each operating cycle of the above-mentioned two-stage upflow filter is completed, discharges the stagnant water remaining inside the two-stage upflow filter, injects water from the reservoir into the upper part of the two-stage upflow filter to fill it, and then injects air into an air lift to backwash the inside of the two-stage upflow filter.

3. In Paragraph 2, An IoT-based filtration-type non-point source contamination treatment system characterized by the fact that the above-mentioned backwashing process is configured to be performed by an IoT-based automatic backwashing control algorithm.

4. In Paragraph 1, An Internet of Things-based filtration-type non-point source pollution treatment system characterized in that the particle sample stored in the particle sample storage tank is a sample prepared by mixing powder particles at a concentration of 10% with water in a stirring storage tank.

5. In Paragraph 1, An Internet of Things-based filtration-type non-point source pollution treatment system characterized in that, in the TP standard solution stored in the above-mentioned TP standard solution reservoir, TP is potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) dried at 105°C.

6. In Paragraph 1, An Internet of Things-based filtration-type non-point source pollution treatment system characterized in that the filtering media of the above-mentioned first-stage upflow filter is a fiber ball filter media mixed with polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE), having a spherical shape, a particle size of 20 mm, a uniformity factor of 1.15, and a porosity of 95%.

7. In Paragraph 1, The coagulant stored in the above coagulant reservoir is PACS-2 (Poly Aluminum Chloride Silicate, Al 13 O4(OH) 24 7+ An Internet of Things-based filtration-type non-point source pollution treatment system characterized by being ).

8. In Paragraph 1, The removal target material removed by the above-mentioned two-stage upward flow filter is an Internet of Things-based filtration type non-point source pollution treatment system including SS (Suspended Solid), TP (Total Phosphorus), and TOC (Total Organic Carbon).

9. In Paragraph 1, An Internet of Things-based filtration-type non-point source contamination treatment system characterized by the above-described control unit being configured to receive and process data from the above-described first-stage upflow filter and second-stage upflow filter through an IoT device, and to transmit a control signal for controlling the variable sample injection pump to the variable sample injection pump through the IoT device.

10. In Paragraph 1, An IoT-based filtration-type non-point source pollution treatment system characterized by the above-described control unit being configured to provide data to an external terminal via the TCP / IP protocol in order to enable manual control by an external terminal.

11. In Paragraph 1, An IoT-based filtration-type non-point source pollution treatment system characterized by the above-described control unit being configured to provide data to an external terminal through a serial port so as to enable data analysis by an external terminal.

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