Operating method of device including plurality of beam panels, and device using same method

Abstract

Provided are an operating method of a device including a plurality of beam panels in a wireless communication system, and a device using the method. According to the method, a device: receives CSI-RS operation mode configuration information from a base station; performs beam management on the basis of the CSI-RS operation mode configuration information, wherein when the CSI-RS operation mode configuration information indicates ON, the device receives CSI-RS resource allocation from the base station; performs beam management through a process of measuring and reporting a CSI-RS; and when the CSI-RS operation mode configuration information indicates OFF, performs beam management on the basis of sensing information and a beam table of the device, wherein a resource to which the CSI-RS is to be allocated is used for data reception.

Description

Method of operation of a device including a plurality of beam panels and a device using said method

[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communication, and more specifically to a method of operation of a device comprising a plurality of beam panels and a device utilizing said method.

[0002] As more communication devices require larger communication capacities, the need for enhanced mobile broadband communication compared to existing radio access technology (RAT) is emerging. Furthermore, Massive Machine Type Communications (MTC), which connects multiple devices and objects to provide various services anytime and anywhere, is also one of the key issues to be considered in next-generation communication. In addition, communication system designs that account for services and terminals sensitive to reliability and latency are being discussed. Accordingly, the introduction of next-generation radio access technologies that consider enhanced mobile broadband communication, massive MTC, and Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication (URLC) is being discussed.

[0003] In next-generation wireless access technology, terahertz (THz) or millimeter wave (mmWave) can be used. When operating THz or mmWave, a beam tracking process for mutual beam alignment between the transmitter and receiver is essential, and channel estimation for this process incurs overhead in terms of wireless resources and time consumption.

[0004] Future terminals may include an antenna comprising multiple beam panels. As the number of beam panels mounted on the terminal increases, the time required for the terminal to perform beam search and beam alignment in relation to a specific transmit-receive point (TRP) will increase. Consequently, this will reduce communication efficiency and increase the power consumption of the terminal.

[0005] Furthermore, when operating in THz or mmWave, it is unavoidable to use an increased subcarrier spacing to minimize the impact of frequency offset caused by phase noise and the Doppler effect, and to minimize processing time. In the time domain, this means that communication is conducted with a smaller unit symbol size, which can exacerbate the inefficiency of data resources caused by the length of the cyclic prefix (CP) within the symbol. This is also the case when the terminal uses a single beam panel.

[0006] Furthermore, in beam technology using multi-panels, more beams are used, and the resource usage of CSI-RS (Channel State Information Reference Signal) will increase proportionally to the increase in the number of beams. Consequently, the available data resources will decrease.

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present disclosure is to provide a method of operation of a device comprising a plurality of beam panels in a wireless communication system and a device utilizing said method.

[0008] In one aspect, a method of operation of a terminal including a plurality of beam panels in a wireless communication system is provided. According to the method, the terminal performs an initial connection procedure with a base station, reports terminal capability information to the base station, receives CSI-RS operating mode setting information from the base station, and performs beam management based on the CSI-RS operating mode setting information. At this time, when the CSI-RS operating mode setting information indicates ON, the terminal receives CSI-RS resource allocation from the base station and performs beam management through the process of measuring and reporting CSI-RS. When the CSI-RS operating mode setting information indicates OFF, beam management is performed based on the terminal's sensing information and beam table, wherein the resource to be allocated for CSI-RS is used for the terminal's data reception.

[0009] In another aspect, a terminal for performing the above method is provided. The terminal includes a transceiver, a processor connected to the transceiver, and a memory that can be connected to the processor to enable operation, and the processor performs the above method.

[0010] In another aspect, a device for controlling the terminal is provided. The device may include at least one processor and at least one memory that can be connected to operate with the at least one processor, and the processor performs the method.

[0011] In another aspect, a computer-readable medium (CRM) is provided that stores instructions for an operation to be performed by one or more processors. The method can be performed by the CRM.

[0012] Data throughput can be increased because CSI-RS resources can be dynamically allocated as downlink channel resources. In particular, data efficiency can be enhanced even when utilizing a large number of beams. Furthermore, data efficiency improves compared to existing methods even when increasing cyclic prefixes (CPs) to reduce inter-symbol interference in short symbol intervals. Additionally, it can contribute to the advancement of convergence services utilizing sensing technology.

[0013] Figure 1 illustrates a wireless communication system.

[0014] Figure 2 is a block diagram showing the radio protocol architecture for the user plane.

[0015] Figure 3 is a block diagram showing the wireless protocol structure for the control plane.

[0016] Figure 4 illustrates the system structure of a New Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) to which NR is applied.

[0017] Figure 5 illustrates the functional partitioning between NG-RAN and 5GC.

[0018] Figure 6 illustrates physical channels and general signal transmission.

[0019] Figure 7 illustrates a frame structure that can be applied in NR.

[0020] Figure 8 illustrates the slot structure of an NR frame.

[0021] Figure 9 illustrates a CORESET.

[0022] Figure 10 is a diagram showing the difference between the conventional control area and the CORESET in NR.

[0023] Figure 11 illustrates an example of a frame structure for NR.

[0024] Figure 12 illustrates the structure of a self-contained slot.

[0025] Figure 13 is an abstract diagram of a hybrid beamforming structure in terms of the TXRU and physical antenna.

[0026] Figure 14 illustrates the beam sweeping operation for the synchronization signal and system information during the downlink (DL) transmission process.

[0027] Figure 15 is a diagram schematically illustrating the beam tracking process in a conventional single panel.

[0028] Figure 16 shows an example of CSI-RS resource allocation for a base station.

[0029] FIG. 17 illustrates the response of a terminal to a request for capability information from a base station after an initial beam search.

[0030] FIG. 18 illustrates a configuration in which a panel for omnidirectional beam transmission and reception is mounted on a mobile terminal.

[0031] Figure 19 illustrates beam-related information.

[0032] FIG. 20 illustrates the movement of a terminal equipped with multi-beam panels in a remote TRP environment.

[0033] FIG. 21 illustrates a signaling process related to the process of beam reselection (handover between TRPs) by a terminal equipped with multi-beam panels in a remote TRP environment.

[0034] Figure 22 illustrates the process of a terminal's response to a request for terminal capability information from a base station after an initial beam search when a multi-beam antenna is used.

[0035] FIG. 23 illustrates the operation when the beam measurement mode indicates CSI-RS measurement and the CSI-RS OP mode is ON.

[0036] FIG. 24 illustrates the operation when the beam measurement mode indicates ISAC sensing and the CSI-RS OP mode is OFF.

[0037] FIG. 25 is an example of operation in which the CSI-RS OP mode and beam measurement mode are dynamically applied according to the movement of the terminal or changes in the state of the channel.

[0038] Figure 26 illustrates CSI-RS beam resource allocation.

[0039] Figure 27 shows an example of converting and allocating CSI-RS resources into downlink channel resources.

[0040] Figure 28 shows an example of a beam prediction process.

[0041] Figure 29 shows another example of the beam prediction process.

[0042] FIG. 30 illustrates a method of operation of a terminal including a plurality of beam panels.

[0043] FIG. 31 illustrates a wireless device that can be applied to the present disclosure.

[0044] Figure 32 is an example of the structure of a signal processing module of a transmitter.

[0045] Figure 33 is another example of the structure of a signal processing module of a transmitter.

[0046] FIG. 34 illustrates an example of a wireless communication device according to an implementation example.

[0047] FIG. 35 shows another example of a wireless device to which the present disclosure applies.

[0048] FIG. 36 illustrates a communication system (1) to which the present disclosure applies.

[0049] In the following specification, “ / ” and “,” shall be interpreted as indicating “and / or.” For example, “A / B” may mean “A and / or B.” “A, B” may mean “A and / or B.” “A / B / C” may mean “at least one of A, B and / or C.” “A, B, C” may mean “at least one of A, B and / or C.”

[0050] In the following specification, “or” shall be interpreted as indicating “and / or.” For example, “A or B” may include “only A,” “only B,” and / or “both A and B.” In other words, in the following specification, “or” shall be interpreted as indicating “additionally or alternatively.”

[0051] Figure 1 illustrates a wireless communication system. This can also be called an E-UTRAN (Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network), or an LTE (Long Term Evolution) / LTE-A system.

[0052] E-UTRAN includes a base station (20: Base Station, BS) that provides a control plane and a user plane to a terminal (10: User Equipment, UE). The terminal (10) may be fixed or mobile and may be referred to by other terms such as MS (Mobile station), UT (User Terminal), SS (Subscriber Station), MT (mobile terminal), Wireless Device, terminal, or mobile node. The base station (20) refers to a fixed station that communicates with the terminal (10) and may be referred to by other terms such as eNB (evolved-NodeB), BTS (Base Transceiver System), Access Point, or fixed node.

[0053] Base stations (20) can be connected to each other through an X2 interface. The base station (20) is connected to the EPC (Evolved Packet Core, 30) through the S1 interface, more specifically to the MME (Mobility Management Entity) through the S1-MME and to the S-GW (Serving Gateway) through the S1-U.

[0054] The EPC (30) consists of an MME, an S-GW, and a P-GW (Packet Data Network-Gateway). The MME holds information regarding the terminal's connection information or capabilities, and this information is primarily used for managing the terminal's mobility. The S-GW is a gateway with an E-UTRAN as its endpoint, and the P-GW is a gateway with a PDN as its endpoint.

[0055] The layers of the Radio Interface Protocol between a terminal and a network can be classified into L1 (Layer 1), L2 (Layer 2), and L3 (Layer 3) based on the lower three layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) model, which is widely known in communication systems. Among these, the physical layer, which belongs to Layer 1, provides information transfer services using a physical channel, while the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, located at Layer 3, performs the role of controlling radio resources between the terminal and the network. To this end, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the terminal and the base station.

[0056] FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the radio protocol architecture for the user plane. FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the radio protocol architecture for the control plane. The user plane is a protocol stack for transmitting user data, and the control plane is a protocol stack for transmitting control signals.

[0057] Referring to Figures 2 and 3, the physical layer (PHY layer) provides information transfer services to upper layers using a physical channel. The physical layer is connected to the upper layer, the MAC (Medium Access Control) layer, through a transport channel. Data travels between the MAC layer and the physical layer through the transport channel. Transport channels are classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted through a wireless interface.

[0058] Data travels between different physical layers, specifically between the physical layers of the transmitter and the receiver, through a physical channel. This physical channel can be modulated using the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) method and utilizes time and frequency as wireless resources.

[0059] The functions of the MAC layer include mapping between logical channels and transport channels, and multiplexing / demultiplexing MAC SDUs (service data units) belonging to logical channels into transport blocks provided to physical channels over the transport channel. The MAC layer provides services to the RLC (Radio Link Control) layer through logical channels.

[0060] The functions of the RLC layer include the concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs. To ensure the various Quality of Service (QoS) required by Radio Bearers (RBs), the RLC layer provides three operating modes: Transparent Mode (TM), Unacknowledged Mode (UM), and Acknowledged Mode (AM). AM RLC provides error correction through Automatic Repeat Requests (ARQ).

[0061] The RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer is defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer is responsible for controlling logical channels, transmission channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of wireless bearers. RB refers to a logical path provided by the first layer (PHY layer) and the second layer (MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP layer) for data transmission between a terminal and a network.

[0062] The functions of the PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol) layer in the user plane include the delivery of user data, header compression, and ciphering. The functions of the PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol) layer in the control plane include the delivery of control plane data and encryption / integrity protection.

[0063] The configuration of an RB refers to the process of defining the characteristics of the wireless protocol layer and channel to provide specific services, and setting their respective specific parameters and operating methods. RBs can be further divided into two types: SRBs (Signaling RBs) and DRBs (Data RBs). SRBs are used as a channel for transmitting RRC messages in the control plane, while DRBs are used as a channel for transmitting user data in the user plane.

[0064] When an RRC connection is established between the terminal's RRC layer and the E-UTRAN's RRC layer, the terminal is in an RRC connected state; otherwise, it is in an RRC idle state.

[0065] Downlink transmission channels for transmitting data from a network to a terminal include a Broadcast Channel (BCH) for transmitting system information and a Shared Channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. Traffic or control messages for downlink multicast or broadcast services may be transmitted via the Shared Channel (SCH) or via a separate Multicast Channel (MCH). Meanwhile, uplink transmission channels for transmitting data from a terminal to a network include a Random Access Channel (RACH) for transmitting initial control messages and a Shared Channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages.

[0066] Logical channels that are above the transmission channel and map to the transmission channel include BCCH (Broadcast Control Channel), PCCH (Paging Control Channel), CCCH (Common Control Channel), MCCH (Multicast Control Channel), and MTCH (Multicast Traffic Channel).

[0067] A physical channel consists of multiple OFDM symbols in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A single subframe consists of multiple OFDM symbols in the time domain. A resource block is a resource allocation unit composed of multiple OFDM symbols and multiple subcarriers. Additionally, each subframe may utilize specific subcarriers of specific OFDM symbols (e.g., the first OFDM symbol) within that subframe for a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), e.g., an L1 / L2 control channel. The Transmission Time Interval (TTI) is the unit time for subframe transmission.

[0068] The following describes new radio access technology (new RAT, NR).

[0069] As more communication devices require larger communication capacities, the need for enhanced mobile broadband communication compared to existing radio access technology (RAT) is emerging. Furthermore, Massive Machine Type Communications (MTC), which connects multiple devices and objects to provide various services anytime and anywhere, is also one of the major issues to be considered in next-generation communication. In addition, communication system designs that take into account services and terminals sensitive to reliability and latency are being discussed. Thus, the introduction of next-generation radio access technologies that consider enhanced mobile broadband communication, massive MTC, and Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication (URLC) is being discussed, and for convenience, this technology is referred to as new RAT or NR in this disclosure.

[0070] Figure 4 illustrates the system structure of a New Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) to which NR is applied.

[0071] Referring to FIG. 4, the NG-RAN may include gNBs and / or eNBs that provide user plane and control plane protocol termination to terminals. FIG. 4 illustrates a case where only gNBs are included. The gNBs and eNBs are connected to each other via Xn interfaces. The gNBs and eNBs are connected to the 5G Core Network (5GC) via NG interfaces. More specifically, they are connected to the access and mobility management function (AMF) via NG-C interfaces and to the user plane function (UPF) via NG-U interfaces.

[0072] Figure 5 illustrates the functional partitioning between NG-RAN and 5GC.

[0073] Referring to FIG. 5, the gNB can provide functions such as Inter Cell RRM, RB control, Connection Mobility Control, Radio Admission Control, Measurement Configuration & Provision, and Dynamic Resource Allocation. The AMF can provide functions such as NAS security and idle state mobility processing. The UPF can provide functions such as Mobility Anchoring and PDU processing. The SMF (Session Management Function) can provide functions such as terminal IP address allocation and PDU session control.

[0074] Figure 6 illustrates physical channels and general signal transmission.

[0075] Referring to FIG. 6, in a wireless communication system, a terminal receives information from a base station via a downlink (DL) and transmits information to the base station via an uplink (UL). The information transmitted and received by the base station and the terminal includes data and various control information, and various physical channels exist depending on the type / purpose of the information they transmit and receive.

[0076] When the power is turned on again after being off, or when a terminal newly enters a cell, it performs an initial cell search operation, such as synchronizing with the base station (S11). To do this, the terminal receives PSCH (Primary Synchronization Channel) and SSCH (Secondary Synchronization Channel) from the base station to synchronize with the base station and obtain information such as cell ID (cell identity). In addition, the terminal can obtain cell broadcast information by receiving PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel) from the base station. Furthermore, during the initial cell search phase, the terminal can check the downlink channel status by receiving DL RS (Downlink Reference Signal).

[0077] After completing the initial cell search, the terminal can obtain more specific system information by receiving the PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) and the corresponding PDSCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) (S12).

[0078] Subsequently, the terminal may perform a Random Access Procedure to complete the connection to the base station (S13~S16). Specifically, the terminal transmits a preamble through a PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel) (S13) and receives a RAR (Random Access Response) for the preamble through a PDCCH and a corresponding PDSCH (S14). Subsequently, the terminal transmits a PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel) using scheduling information within the RAR (S15) and may perform a Conflict Resolution Procedure such as a PDCCH and a corresponding PDSCH (S16).

[0079] A terminal that has performed the procedure described above may subsequently perform PDCCH / PDSCH reception (S17) and PUSCH / PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) transmission (S18) as a general uplink / downlink signal transmission procedure. The control information transmitted by the terminal to the base station is referred to as UCI (Uplink Control Information). UCI may include HARQ ACK / NACK (Hybrid Automatic Repeat and reQuest Acknowledgement / Negative-ACK), SR (Scheduling Request), CSI (Channel State Information), etc. CSI may include CQI (Channel Quality Indicator), PMI (Precoding Matrix Indicator), RI (Rank Indication), etc. UCI is generally transmitted via PUCCH, but may be transmitted via PUSCH if control information and data need to be transmitted simultaneously. Additionally, the terminal may transmit UCI non-periodically via PUSCH in response to requests / instructions from the network.

[0080] Figure 7 illustrates a frame structure that can be applied in NR.

[0081] Referring to FIG. 7, the frame may consist of 10 ms (milliseconds) and may include 10 subframes consisting of 1 ms.

[0082] One or more slots may be included within a subframe depending on the subcarrier spacing (SCS).

[0083] The following Table 1 shows examples of subcarrier spacing configurations μ.

[0084] [Table 1]

[0085]

[0086] Table 1-1 shows the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe according to the SCS when an extended CP is used.

[0087] [Table 1-1]

[0088]

[0089] Table 2 below shows the number of slots (N) within a frame according to the subcarrier spacing configuration μ. frame,μ slot ), number of slots in the subframe (N subframe,μ slot ), number of symbols in the slot (N slot symb Examples include ) etc.

[0090] [Table 2]

[0091]

[0092] Figure 7 illustrates μ=0, 1, 2, and 3.

[0093] The PDCCH (physical downlink control channel) can be composed of one or more CCEs (control channel elements) as shown in Table 3 below.

[0094] [Table 3]

[0095]

[0096] For example, a PDCCH can be transmitted through a resource consisting of 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs. Here, a CCE consists of 6 REGs (resource element groups), and one REG consists of one resource block in the frequency domain and one OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) symbol in the time domain.

[0097] Figure 8 illustrates the slot structure of an NR frame.

[0098] A slot may contain multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, in the case of a normal CP, one slot may contain 7 symbols, and in the case of an extended CP, one slot may contain 6 symbols. A carrier may contain multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A Resource Block (RB) may be defined as multiple (e.g., 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A Bandwidth Part (BWP) may be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs in the frequency domain and may correspond to a single numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier may contain up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication is performed through an active BWP, and only one BWP may be active for a single terminal. In the resource grid, each element is referred to as a Resource Element (RE), and one complex symbol may be mapped to it.

[0099] Meanwhile, in NR, a new unit called a control resource set (CORESET) can be introduced. A terminal can receive PDCCH from a CORESET.

[0100] Figure 9 illustrates a CORESET.

[0101] Referring to Fig. 9, CORESET is N in the frequency domain CORESET RB It consists of N resource blocks, and in the time domain N CORESET symb ∈ Can be composed of {1, 2, 3} symbols. N CORESET RB , N CORESET symb It can be provided by the base station through an upper layer signal. As illustrated in FIG. 9, a plurality of CCEs (or REGs) may be included within the CORESET.

[0102] The terminal may attempt to detect a PDCCH in units of 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs within a CORESET. One or more CCEs for which PDCCH detection can be attempted may be PDCCH candidates. The terminal may be configured with multiple CORESETs.

[0103] Figure 10 is a diagram showing the difference between the conventional control area and the CORESET in NR.

[0104] Referring to FIG. 10, the control area (300) in a conventional wireless communication system (e.g., LTE / LTE-A) is configured across the entire system band used by the base station. All terminals, except for some terminals that support only a narrow band (e.g., eMTC / NB-IoT terminals), had to be able to receive wireless signals across the entire system band of the base station in order to properly receive / decode control information transmitted by the base station.

[0105] On the other hand, in NR, the aforementioned CORESET is introduced. CORESET (301, 302, 303) can be described as a wireless resource for control information that a terminal must receive, and only a portion of the system band can be used instead of the entire system band. A base station can allocate a CORESET to each terminal and transmit control information through the allocated CORESET. For example, in FIG. 10, the first CORESET (301) can be allocated to terminal 1, the second CORESET (302) can be allocated to terminal 2, and the third CORESET (303) can be allocated to terminal 3. In NR, a terminal can receive control information from a base station even without necessarily receiving the entire system band.

[0106] A CORESET may include a terminal-specific CORESET for transmitting terminal-specific control information and a common CORESET for transmitting control information common to all terminals.

[0107] Meanwhile, in NR, high reliability may be required depending on the application field, and in such situations, the target block error rate (BLER) for downlink control information (DCI) transmitted through a downlink control channel (e.g., physical downlink control channel: PDCCH) can be significantly lower than that of conventional technology. As an example of a method to satisfy such requirements for high reliability, the amount of content included in the DCI can be reduced, and / or the amount of resources used during DCI transmission can be increased. In this case, the resources may include at least one of resources in the time domain, resources in the frequency domain, resources in the code domain, and resources in the space domain.

[0108] The following technologies / features can be applied in NR.

[0109] Self-contained subframe structure

[0110] Figure 11 illustrates an example of a frame structure for a new wireless access technology.

[0111] In NR, for the purpose of minimizing latency, a structure in which the control channel and the data channel are time-division multiplexed (TDM) within a single TTI, as shown in Fig. 11, can be considered as one of the frame structures.

[0112] In Fig. 11, the shaded area represents the downlink control area, and the black area represents the uplink control area. The unmarked area may be used for downlink data (DL data) transmission or uplink data (UL data) transmission. A feature of this structure is that downlink (DL) transmission and uplink (UL) transmission proceed sequentially within a single subframe, allowing DL data to be sent and UL ACK / NACK (Acknowledgement / Not-acknowledgement) to be received within the subframe. Consequently, the time required for data retransmission in the event of a data transmission error is reduced, thereby minimizing the latency of the final data delivery.

[0113] In this data and control TDMed subframe structure, a time gap is required for the transition process between the base station and the terminal from transmit mode to receive mode or from receive mode to transmit mode. To this end, in the self-complete subframe structure, some OFDM symbols at the time of transition from DL to UL can be set as a guard period (GP).

[0114] Figure 12 illustrates the structure of a self-contained slot.

[0115] Referring to FIG. 12, the frame may have a self-complete structure in which a DL control channel, DL or UL data, a UL control channel, etc., can all be included within a single slot. For example, the first N symbols within the slot may be used to transmit a DL control channel (hereinafter referred to as the DL control area), and the last M symbols within the slot may be used to transmit a UL control channel (hereinafter referred to as the UL control area). N and M are each integers greater than or equal to 0. The resource area (hereinafter referred to as the data area) located between the DL control area and the UL control area may be used for transmitting DL data or for transmitting UL data. As an example, the following configuration may be considered. Each section is listed in chronological order.

[0116] 1. DL only configuration

[0117] 2. UL only configuration

[0118] 3. Mixed UL-DL Configuration

[0119] - DL Area + GP (Guard Period) + UL Control Area

[0120] - DL Control Area + GP + UL Area

[0121] DL Area: (i) DL Data Area, (ii) DL Control Area + DL Data Area

[0122] UL Area: (i) UL Data Area, (ii) UL Data Area + UL Control Area

[0123] PDCCH can be transmitted in the DL control area, and PDSCH can be transmitted in the DL data area. PUCCH can be transmitted in the UL control area, and PUSCH can be transmitted in the UL data area. Downlink Control Information (DCI), such as DL data scheduling information and UL data scheduling information, can be transmitted in PDCCH. Uplink Control Information (UCI), such as ACK / NACK (Positive Acknowledgement / Negative Acknowledgement) information for DL ​​data, Channel State Information (CSI), and Scheduling Request (SR), can be transmitted in PUCCH. GP provides a time gap during the process of the base station and the terminal switching from transmit mode to receive mode or from receive mode to transmit mode. Within a subframe, some symbols at the point of transition from DL to UL can be set as GP.

[0124] Analog Beamforming #1

[0125] In millimeter wave (mmW), the shorter wavelength allows for the installation of multiple antenna elements within the same area. Specifically, in the 30 GHz band, the wavelength is 1 cm, making it possible to install a total of 100 antenna elements in a 2-dimensional array form with a spacing of 0.5 wavelengths (lambda) on a 5 by 5 cm panel. Therefore, in mmW, multiple antenna elements are used to increase beamforming (BF) gain, thereby increasing coverage or throughput.

[0126] In this case, if a transceiver unit (TXRU) is equipped to allow for transmission power and phase control for each antenna element, independent beamforming for each frequency resource becomes possible. However, installing TXRUs for all 100 or so antenna elements presents a problem of low cost-effectiveness. Therefore, a method is being considered in which multiple antenna elements are mapped to a single TXRU and the beam direction is adjusted using an analog phase shifter. This analog beamforming method has the disadvantage of being unable to perform frequency-selective beamforming because it can only create a single beam direction across the entire band.

[0127] A hybrid beamforming (hybrid BF) can be considered as an intermediate form between digital beamforming (Digital BF) and analog beamforming (analog BF), having B TXRUs, which is fewer than Q antenna elements. In this case, although there are differences depending on the connection method between B TXRUs and Q antenna elements, the number of beam directions that can be transmitted simultaneously is limited to B or fewer.

[0128] Analog Beamforming #2

[0129] In NR systems, when multiple antennas are used, hybrid beamforming techniques combining digital and analog beamforming are emerging. In this case, analog beamforming (or RF beamforming) performs precoding (or combining) at the RF stage, which has the advantage of achieving performance close to that of digital beamforming while reducing the number of RF chains and D / A (or A / D) converters. For convenience, the above hybrid beamforming structure can be represented by N TXRUs and M physical antennas. Then, digital beamforming for L data layers to be transmitted at the transmitter can be represented by an N by L matrix, and subsequently, the converted N digital signals pass through the TXRUs to be converted into analog signals, after which analog beamforming represented by an M by N matrix is ​​applied.

[0130] Figure 13 is an abstract diagram of a hybrid beamforming structure in terms of the TXRU and physical antenna.

[0131] In Fig. 13, the number of digital beams is L, and the number of analog beams is N. Furthermore, in the NR system, the base station is designed to change analog beamforming on a symbol-by-symbol basis, thereby considering a direction to support more efficient beamforming for terminals located in specific areas. Furthermore, when a specific N TXRUs and M RF antennas are defined as a single antenna panel in Fig. 13, the NR system is even considering a method to introduce multiple antenna panels capable of applying mutually independent hybrid beamforming.

[0132] As described above, when a base station utilizes multiple analog beams, the analog beam advantageous for signal reception may differ for each terminal; therefore, beam sweeping operations are considered to ensure that all terminals have a reception opportunity by changing the multiple analog beams to be applied by the base station in a specific subframe by symbol, at least for synchronization signals, system information, paging, etc.

[0133] Figure 14 illustrates the beam sweeping operation for the synchronization signal and system information during the downlink (DL) transmission process.

[0134] In Fig. 14, the physical resource (or physical channel) through which system information of the NR system is transmitted via a broadcasting method is designated as xPBCH (physical broadcast channel). At this time, analog beams belonging to different antenna panels within a single symbol can be transmitted simultaneously, and a method is being discussed to introduce a Beam Reference Signal (BRS), which is a reference signal (RS) transmitted by applying a single analog beam (corresponding to a specific antenna panel) as diagrammed in Fig. 14, in order to measure the channel per analog beam. The BRS can be defined for multiple antenna ports, and each antenna port of the BRS can correspond to a single analog beam. At this time, unlike the BRS, the synchronization signal or xPBCH can be transmitted by applying all analog beams within an analog beam group so that any terminal can receive it well.

[0135] Now, the present disclosure will be described.

[0136] The present disclosure relates to an optimization method for increasing data transmission capacity in a multi-panel beam antenna operating environment.

[0137] Wireless communication technology using frequencies in the millimeter and THz (terahertz) ranges utilizes beam technology to overcome signal attenuation as well as increased data capacity due to broadband, and sensing technology using this can also be advanced through ISAC (Integrated Sensing and Communication). Therefore, 6G services differentiated from 5G can be provided.

[0138] Furthermore, during beam operation, the utilization of multi-beam panels (in other words, multiple beam panels) can be applied to data acceleration through spatial multiplexing and rapid beam tracking technology for moving objects, and the scope of such applications is expanding.

[0139] The present disclosure proposes a method that enables increased bandwidth efficiency and capacity maximization by utilizing channel resources more efficiently when employing fast beam tracking technology using beam panels in a multi-beam panel environment in the THz and millimeter bands.

[0140] While fast beam tracking was possible in existing multi-beam panels through prediction-based beam detection operation technology, the present disclosure further optimizes the resource utilization of CSI-RS to enable maximum data throughput in the beam environment.

[0141] The present disclosure is not limited to cases using a multi-panel beam antenna and can also be utilized with a single-panel antenna.

[0142] First, I will explain the problems with existing technology.

[0143] Many technologies have been proposed to maximize channel efficiency and increase coverage using multi-panels and beam space multiplexing during THz or mmWave operations. In these technologies, however, since all beams from each panel must be checked for optimal beam tracking (e.g., to select the best beam), increased overhead and significant time consumption occur.

[0144] Among existing technologies for fast beam tracking in multi-panel environments, there is one that transmits table information containing scan angle range and beam capability data to the system and utilizes this to enable rapid beam prediction during terminal movement. Through this, during beam operation in a multi-panel environment, the configuration of additional beam links and the beam handover process between mobile terminal TRPs can be simplified, and latency can be minimized, thereby enabling resource-efficient and seamless multi-panel beam operation.

[0145] In the present disclosure, by transmitting a beam operation mode (e.g., the CSI-RS OP mode and beam measurement mode described below) and additional information together, CSI-RS resources used for beam measurement and management and for providing mobility functions of the terminal are dynamically allocated and operated, thereby reducing the overhead associated with this and further enabling the additional allocation and use of these resources as user data resources, which can lead to increased throughput and increased data operation efficiency.

[0146] Millimeter and THz frequencies have very short wavelengths and experience significant path attenuation. To overcome this, technologies such as antennas and phase controllers for beam utilization are being employed.

[0147] To overcome issues such as limitations in transmission capacity and reception capability of single-panel antennas, the operation of multi-panel beam antenna technology is expected, and fast beam tracking technology utilizing this can further enhance the usability of multi-beam panels.

[0148] In conventional technology, prediction-based beam tracking technology is used for fast beam tracking. To this end, during the initial connection process of the terminal, capability information and table information of the multi-beam panels available to the terminal are registered along with system parameters. The beam panel capability information can be transmitted via RRC messages during the initialization process, and the beam operation table information included in the RRC or DCI information contains information necessary for the terminal to operate beams, such as the beam panel index, scan range per beam panel, and Half Power Beam Width (HPBW).

[0149] By linking registered beam operation table information with terminal sensors (e.g., inertial sensors) or ISAC functions, the next beam index information of a moving terminal is predicted, enabling fast initial search and seamless service during beam handover in a multi-panel environment.

[0150] From a resource management perspective, for millimeter and THz, it is unavoidable to use an increased Subcarrier Spacing (SCS) to minimize the impact of frequency offset caused by phase noise and the Doppler effect, as well as to minimize processing time delays associated with larger Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) sizes and wider bandwidths. This implies the use of smaller symbol units in the time domain, which can lead to a further intensification of data resource inefficiency caused by the length of cyclic prefixes (CPs) within the symbol due to the smaller symbol size.

[0151] The method according to the present disclosure adds additional messages and system operations for resource-efficient operation to conventional multi-panel technology, thereby enabling increased data efficiency and throughput in 6G mobile communication services that require shorter time slots. This is expected to enable smart convergence services such as holograms and digital twins, as well as advanced services unique to 6G, such as AR (Augmented Reality), VR (Virtual Reality), and XR (Extended Reality).

[0152] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram illustrating the beam tracking process in a conventional single panel.

[0153] Referring to FIG. 15, the base station performs transmission beam sweeping (Tx beam sweeping) using multiple beams and performs this process periodically.

[0154] The terminal searches for the best beam by changing the received beam at regular intervals (e.g., 10 ms). If the number of received beams is, for example, N, it may take up to 10 ms * N time to find the best beam.

[0155] The terminal performs a beam search process with the base station, enabling initial synchronization and system resource acquisition through an initial cell search process and an initial random access process.

[0156] After the initial cell search and initial random access processes, the base station can continuously transmit reference signals, such as the Channel State Information-Reference Signal (CSI-RS), to the terminal by applying different resources according to the beam index. For example, to find the best aligned beam using CSI-RS signals repeated every 10ms, the terminal can find the beam with the largest RSRP (Reference Signal Received Power) signal by switching through all beams in the received beam list one by one. This process can be referred to as the beam tracking process via the base station's downlink signal, CSI-RS. Through this, the terminal finds a serving beam among the neighbor beams and performs frequency and time tracking with the found serving beam.

[0157] As mentioned above, assuming the number of receiving (RX) beams is N, and assuming all beams are searched, a beam tracking time of approximately 10ms x N may be required.

[0158] Figure 16 shows an example of CSI-RS resource allocation for a base station.

[0159] Referring to Fig. 16, CSI-RS signals can be transmitted repeatedly at a period of 10ms. Each CSI-RS can be transmitted through multiple beams. The number of beams of the base station signal is reflected in the CSI-RS, and operating many beams consumes many CSI-RS resources. In addition, operating many receiving RX beams requires longer beam tracking and measurement times.

[0160] Multi-panel operation can lead to more beam tracking time and increased CSI-RS resource consumption for beam tracking.

[0161] In addition, due to the frequency characteristics in the THz range, a smaller HPBW is used, and more beams will be required to cover a given scan range. This may be a significant problem to overcome in 6G technology, where efficient resource utilization is increasingly required in reduced time slot lengths.

[0162] For services such as autonomous driving of unmanned transport robots in factories using THz, Urban Air Mobility (UAM), and realistic / immersive 360-degree AR / VR simulations, fast beam search and tracking for high-speed data processing and seamless service provision as terminal moves, along with efficient utilization of data resources, are essential.

[0163] In the following, we propose a method for fast beam search, tracking, and efficient operation of data resources in a multi-panel environment.

[0164] [Method of Message Configuration During Terminal Initial Access Process]

[0165] FIG. 17 illustrates the response of a terminal to a request for capability information from a base station after an initial beam search.

[0166] Referring to FIG. 17, after NAS registration and authentication (S171) between the terminal, base station, and AMF, the base station transmits a UE Capability Enquiry to the terminal (S172).

[0167] The terminal provides terminal capability information to the AMF (S173).

[0168] In addition to existing messages, data related to multi-beam panel information may be added to the terminal capability information. For example, it may include at least one of information regarding multi-beam panels and patterns, information regarding beam panel indices and counts, information regarding bore site directions and angles per beam panel, and information regarding beam patterns per beam panel (e.g., scan range, HPBW, scan resolution, beam index).

[0169] FIG. 18 illustrates a configuration in which panels for transmitting and receiving beams in all directions are mounted on a mobile terminal.

[0170] Referring to FIG. 18, the terminal can be equipped with a plurality of panels (e.g., 8).

[0171] Each panel may independently possess operable beam pattern information (e.g., bore sight based on the forward direction of travel of the terminal, beam scan angle range, beam scan angle resolution, HPBW, beam index information). For example, beam-related information is determined independently for each beam panel. The example in FIG. 18 shows a terminal having eight beam panels, but is not limited thereto.

[0172] The above beam-related information may include, for example, information such as that in the following table.

[0173] [Table 4]

[0174]

[0175] In the case of a terminal utilizing 8 beam panels, beam-related information for each beam panel can be configured as shown in the table above, and can be registered in the system through the TRP and / or baseband unit (base station) after an initial beam search.

[0176] Figure 19 illustrates beam-related information.

[0177] Referring to FIG. 19, beam-related information may include a beam index per beam, a beam scan range, a half power beam width (HPBW) of the beam, and a beam scan resolution (angle difference with adjacent beams) of an individual beam. As previously mentioned, beam-related information may be configured in the form of a table (e.g., Table 4).

[0178] [Existing Multi-Panel Beam Operation Technology: Table Operation Method and Rapid Beam Reselection and Handover Method]

[0179] FIG. 20 illustrates the movement of a terminal equipped with multi-beam panels in a remote TRP environment.

[0180] Referring to FIG. 20, the terminal may be equipped with a plurality of beam panels (e.g., P#1 to P#8). The terminal may move to positions 201, 202, and 203 in time.

[0181] At location 201, a beam with beam index 7 from beam panel #5 (P#5) can be used for TRP#1. The terminal can report beam panel #5 (P#5) and beam index 7 to the base station as the current beam panel and beam index in relation to TRP#1.

[0182] At location 202, a beam with beam index 5 from beam panel #5 (P#5) can be used for TRP#1. The terminal can report beam panel #5 (P#5) and beam index 5 to the base station as the current beam panel and beam index in relation to TRP#1.

[0183] At location 203, a beam with beam index 4 from beam panel #5 (P#5) can be used for TRP#1. The terminal can report beam panel #5 (P#5) and beam index 4 to the base station as the current beam panel and beam index in relation to TRP#1.

[0184] The base station can estimate the location / distance and directionality of the terminal by using the locations of TRPs, the current beam panel and beam index reported by the terminal, the RSRP of the received signal, and beam-related information included in the terminal capability information.

[0185] The base station can determine a handover from TRP#1 to TRP#2, located in the terminal's direction of movement, by using the estimated direction of movement of the terminal and the received signal level (e.g., RSRP).

[0186] Based on beam-related information, the current beam panel, and the beam index, the base station can provide the terminal with estimation information necessary for the terminal at location 203 to perform a beam search in relation to TRP#2.

[0187] FIG. 21 illustrates a signaling process related to the process of beam reselection (handover between TRPs) by a terminal equipped with multi-beam panels in a remote TRP environment.

[0188] Referring to FIG. 21, the terminal performs an initial beam search in relation to TRP#1 (S2110). For example, upon initial connection with TRP#1, the terminal performs a beam search for each beam panel. The terminal performs RACH and RRC setup processes (S2112) with a base band unit (e.g., a base station). Afterward, the terminal performs AMF and NAS registration and authentication procedures (S2113).

[0189] The terminal provides terminal capability information to the baseband unit (S2114-1). The baseband unit can transmit the terminal capability information to the AMF (S2114-2). The terminal capability information may include the aforementioned beam-related information.

[0190] The terminal reports the current beam panel and beam index to the baseband unit (S2115). For example, after the terminal has finished selecting the best beam, it can report the corresponding beam panel and beam index information to the base station.

[0191] TRP#1 transmits CSI-RS to the terminal (S2116). The terminal reports the measurement results to the baseband unit (S2117). The measurement results may include beam panel information, beam index information, RSRP, etc.

[0192] The baseband unit checks the TRP#1 RSRP threshold, estimates the terminal's direction of travel using the beam index, determines the target TRP, and estimates the beam information to be utilized (S2118). When estimating the terminal's location, direction of travel, etc., it can be estimated based, for example, on the current beam panel and beam index information. In addition, the distance from TRP#1 can be estimated based on the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) or fingerprint of the received signal. At this time, it is also possible to utilize sensors to operate more accurate positioning data.

[0193] TRP#2 transmits an SSB to the terminal (S2119). The baseband unit transmits a handover request to the terminal (S2120). Upon the handover request, the beam panel index, estimated scan angle range, beam index information, etc., may be provided as estimated information. The estimated information may be transmitted to the terminal in one of the following three ways: 1) transmission via an RRC reset message, 2) transmission via DCI, or 3) transmission by defining a new downlink message or new information parameters.

[0194] The terminal performs an initial beam search based on the estimated information (S2121). The terminal reports the measurement results to the baseband unit (S2122). The measurement results may include information such as panel information, beam index, RSRP, etc.

[0195] When the above process is finished, the terminal completes the handover process (S2123).

[0196] The process of Fig. 21 can be used for beam reselection or handover between TRPs when operating a multi-panel in a remote TRP environment, and can be said to represent an example of message transmission in this case.

[0197] In the long-distance operation of highly mobile terminals, while beam operation for accurate beamforming is important, seamless beam switching or reselection processes—specifically, handover between beams to minimize link failures caused by movement—are also crucial.

[0198] According to the method of Fig. 21, by utilizing the capability information table transmitted after the beam initial search when the terminal is initially connected, that is, the table containing beam-related information of the terminal, a seamless handover between the panel and the beam is possible in the context of the terminal's mobility.

[0199] Each step of Fig. 21 is explained in more detail as follows.

[0200] 1. Search of Serving Beam: The terminal performs an initial beam search. For example, upon initial access, the terminal performs a beam search for each panel, and after selecting the best beam, reports the panel and index information of the corresponding beam.

[0201] For example, beam index 7 (assuming it has an directional angle of about 120 degrees) can be identified as the initial serving beam, and this result can be reported to the TRP and the system.

[0202] The terminal can periodically report serving beam information initially found and panel and beam index information of the best beam obtained through CSI-RS or SSB measurements. In this case, the transmission of such information may be achieved by defining additional parameter fields in the CSI (Channel State Indication) report or by defining new messages.

[0203] 2. Estimate the distance and directionality of the terminal based on the serving beam angle.

[0204] For example, a network (e.g., a base station) can estimate the location and orientation of a terminal using the location of the TRP, the RSRP of the received signal, and the beam index. Depending on the embodiment, more accurate location positioning data may be utilized by using sensors, etc.

[0205] 3. Subsequently, beam tracking and measurement are performed on the antenna panel. At this time, the measurement values, the measured antenna panel, and beam index information can be reported together.

[0206] 4. The controller of the radio units can determine the beam handover / switching based on the RSRP of the beam signal and estimated position and direction information.

[0207] For example, if the serving beam changes from beam index 5 to beam index 4 as the terminal moves from location "1" to locations "2" and "3", the network can estimate the direction of the terminal's movement based on this information.

[0208] Based on the estimated direction of movement and the received signal level, a new beam reselection and handover to TRP #2 located in the direction of movement of the terminal can be determined. At this time, based on capability information tables such as the terminal's panel location and beam index information, beam estimation scan range information required for initial beam search can be provided to the terminal.

[0209] One of the following three methods may be used to convey predicted candidate panel and beam index information: i) RRC reset message, ii) DCI (Downlink Control Information), or iii) new downlink message or definition of new information parameters.

[0210] The terminal performs an initial beam search to TRP #2 based on the received candidate panel information, beam index, and scan angle information.

[0211] 5. After the initial short beam search, report the beam index and panel information to the system.

[0212] Based on changes in the angle and power values ​​of the serving beam, the direction of movement and distance of the terminal can be estimated. Furthermore, based on the terminal's beam-related information, the optimal panel and operational beam scan range for beam handover or reselection can be identified. By utilizing this, operational power consumption associated with beam tracking and measurement in multi-panel terminals can be minimized, and seamless beam connection is possible through rapid initial beam search.

[0213] [Multi-panel Beam Operation Technology: Message Configuration Method During Terminal Initial Access Process]

[0214] <Multi-panel beam capability response and new setting message>

[0215] FIG. 22 illustrates the process of a terminal's response to a request for capability information from a base station after an initial beam search when a multi-beam panel (antenna) is utilized.

[0216] Referring to FIG. 22, after NAS registration and authentication between the terminal and the network (S2201), the base station may inquire about the terminal's capabilities (S2202) to the terminal, and the terminal may provide terminal capability information to the network in response (S2203).

[0217] The terminal capability information may include multi-beam panel and pattern information defined in existing technologies (e.g., band-specific MIMO parameters, beam parameters, multi-beam panel and pattern, beam panel index and number, beam panel-specific bore sight direction and angle, beam panel-specific beam pattern (e.g., scan range, HPBW, scan resolution, beam index)), along with additional sensor information / lists available for use at the terminal (e.g., information on sensor usage capability or sensor list, etc.) that can be transmitted to the network.

[0218] For example, the terminal capability information includes beam-related information and sensor-related information of the terminal, wherein the beam-related information includes at least one of a beam scan range, half power beam width (HPBW) of the beam, beam scan resolution, bore sight angle of the beam, and beam index, and the sensor-related information may include at least one of sensor usage capability and sensor list.

[0219] Between the base station and the system core (AMF and core), radio configuration can be determined according to the radio configuration policy (S2204).

[0220] The system core or base station can check the capability information of the terminal and update information related to wireless or beam operation to provide system parameters to the terminal (S2205). The system parameters may include information regarding the CSI-RS OP (operation) mode and the beam measurement mode.

[0221] The CSI-RS OP mode is an operating mode of CSI-RS that indicates whether CSI-RS resources are being used. This information can be utilized in conjunction with existing CSI-RS resource settings and CSI measurement cycles. i) When the CSI-RS OP mode is OFF, it is a mode without CSI-RS (physical) resource allocation; during operation in this mode, there are no CSI reports, or methods utilizing other wireless measurement results may be used. ii) When the CSI-RS OP mode is ON, CSI-RS physical resource allocation is supported as before.

[0222] The beam measurement mode can set the technology or method to be operated for beam tracking. For example, it may instruct i) ISAC sensing (sensor-based / radar function-based), that is, the use of radar sensing technology utilizing sensor devices supported by the terminal and reflection signals of communication signals, or ii) CSI-RS measurement, that is, the use of CSI-RS signals as before to conduct periodic or non-periodic CSI reports.

[0223] The updates to the information in the aforementioned table (a table containing beam-related information) and terminal capability information can be maintained in the same way as the existing method, and can be utilized as a beam prediction technology through sensing-based beam measurement to serve as a foundational technology for fast beam tracking.

[0224] After setting the CSI-RS OP mode and the beam measurement mode, resource settings (resource settings for CSIR-RS and downlink channel (DCH)) (S2206) and parameter setup for beam measurement (S2207) are performed to match the mode settings, and beam tracking can be performed through CSI-RS and PDSCH assignment (S2208) and beam measurement and management (S2209).

[0225] Messages related to CSI-RS OP mode and beam measurement mode information shown in Fig. 22 may be transmitted through a new RRC message definition, or through an existing RRC reset message or DCI information.

[0226] [Multi-panel Beam Operation Technology: Message Configuration and Processing for CSI-RS OP Mode]

[0227] FIG. 23 illustrates the operation when the beam measurement mode indicates CSI-RS measurement and the CSI-RS OP mode is ON.

[0228] The terminal and the base station perform an initial beam search (S2301), and RACH and RRC setup for the terminal is performed (S2302). NAS registration and authentication are performed between the terminal and the network (S2303). After the initial cell / beam search, the terminal registration process and the process of reporting the terminal's capability information are completed. At this time, the terminal's beam table information (a table containing information related to the terminal's beam, hereinafter the same) and available sensor information are transmitted together.

[0229] After completing the terminal registration process, the base station and system core (e.g., AMF) can use a new or existing RRC reset message and / or DCI information to set the CSI-RS OP mode to "ON" (S2304) and the beam measurement mode to "CSI-RS measurement" (S2305). In this case, the terminal can perform beam measurement and tracking using CSI-RS resources.

[0230] Afterwards, the base station and the system core perform resource allocation and beam measurement settings for CSI-RS using RRC messages, etc., for the operation of CSI-RS (S2306).

[0231] The terminal can measure RSRP by beam index using the assigned CSI-RS (S2307) and update serving beam information using this information. The updated information can be transmitted along with panel information of the beam table and measured beam index information (S2308, S2309).

[0232] Serving beam information can be updated and used to perform beam control, such as frequency and time tracking (S2310).

[0233] FIG. 24 illustrates the operation when the beam measurement mode indicates ISAC sensing and the CSI-RS OP mode is OFF.

[0234] The terminal and the base station perform an initial beam search (S2401), and RACH and RRC setup for the terminal is performed (S2402). NAS registration and authentication are performed between the terminal and the network (S2403). After the initial cell / beam search, the terminal registration process and the reporting process of the terminal's capability information are completed. At this time, the terminal's beam table information and available sensor information are transmitted together.

[0235] After completing the terminal registration process, the base station and system core (e.g., AMF) can use new or existing RRC reset messages and DCI information to set the CSI-RS OP mode to "OFF" (S2404) and the beam measurement mode to "ISAC sensing" (S2405). If the CSI-RS OP mode is OFF, a prediction-based beam tracking operation technology utilizing sensing and radar technology can be used.

[0236] Subsequently, the base station and system core do not allocate CSI-RS resources as before, but instead allocate shared channel resources (S2406). For example, if the beam measurement mode is set to "CSI-RS measurement," the resources that would have been allocated to CSI-RS can be allocated to downlink channel resources (e.g., PDSCH resources) if the beam measurement mode is set to "ISAC sensing." Through this, an increase in shared channel resources is achieved.

[0237] For beam tracking, the terminal predicts the next beam by utilizing beam table information registered during the initial cell / beam search process, information measured by the sensor, and a sensing function (communication assisted sensing) using the reflected signal of the communication channel (S2407). In the sensing-based beam prediction (S2407), the terminal performs analysis of sensing data, measurement of reflected signals and sensors, and prediction of the next beam.

[0238] The predicted beam information is reported to the network (panel information and measurement beam index information may also be transmitted together), through which beam tracking and serving beam are determined, and frequency and time tracking are performed using this (S2408).

[0239] [Multi-panel Beam Operation Technology: Message Configuration and Processing for Dynamically Operating CSI-RS OP Modes]

[0240] FIG. 25 is an example of operation in which the CSI-RS OP mode and beam measurement mode are dynamically applied / changed according to the movement of the terminal or changes in the state of the channel.

[0241] Referring to FIG. 25, the terminal registration process after the initial cell / beam search, the transmission of terminal capability information, and the transmission of CSI-RS OP mode and beam measurement mode are the same as those described in FIG. 23 and FIG. 24.

[0242] NAS registration and authentication are performed between the terminal and the network (S2501), and the base station can transmit to the terminal the CSI-RS OP mode to "OFF" (S2502) and the beam measurement mode to "ISAC sensing" (S2503) using a new or existing RRC reset message and DCI information.

[0243] In the CSI-RS and data channel setup step (S2504), the base station may allocate shared channel resources without allocating CSI-RS resources. At this time, the shared channel resources may be the sum of existing shared channel resources and existing CSI-RS resources.

[0244] For beam tracking, the terminal predicts the next beam by utilizing beam table information registered during the initial cell / beam search process, information measured by the sensor, and a sensing function (communication assisted sensing) using the reflected signal of the communication channel (S2505).

[0245] The predicted beam information is reported to the network (e.g., base station), through which beam tracking and serving beams are determined, and frequency and time tracking are performed using this (S2506).

[0246] The terminal measures the characteristics of the signal received through the serving beam and reports the results (S2507, S2508). For example, it may report measurement information such as frequency offset and BER (bit error rate, bit error ratio), SNR (signal-to-noise ratio), and RSRP (Reference signal received power) together with the above sensing-based predicted beam results.

[0247] Based on the reported performance indicators (S2509), the network can determine the CSI-RS operating mode (S2510), and if a specific indicator is above or below a reference value, it transmits a message to change the CSI-RS operating mode (S2511).

[0248] The base station can transmit / set the CSI-RS OP mode to "ON" (S2512) and the beam measurement mode to "CSI-RS measurement" (S2513) using a new or existing RRC reset message and DCI information.

[0249] After transmitting a message to change the CSI-RS OP mode and beam measurement mode, change the resource allocation of the CSI-RS and the resource allocation of the shared channel (S2514).

[0250] The terminal reports beam tracking and measurement results using CSI-RS according to the changed mode.

[0251] Figure 26 illustrates CSI-RS beam resource allocation.

[0252] Referring to FIG. 26, some of the symbols are used for the downlink channel (DCH), and the rest are allocated as resources for CSI-RS beams (e.g., beams 1 to 9).

[0253] Figure 27 shows an example of converting and allocating CSI-RS resources into downlink channel resources.

[0254] Referring to Fig. 27, it can be seen that the resources allocated for the CSI-RS beam in Fig. 26 are allocated for the downlink channel (DCH), and the downlink channel resources are relatively increased.

[0255] For example, if the CSI-RS OP mode is set to "OFF" and the beam measurement mode to "ISAC Sensing", the resources allocated for the CSI-RS beam can be allocated for the downlink channel (DCH).

[0256] Increased use of CSI-RS resources in THz can lead to a decrease in available downlink channel resources (e.g., downlink shared channels) and a reduction in data transmission efficiency.

[0257] When multiple slot-unit symbols must be allocated to each beam measurement to increase the reliability of measurement results, the use of CSI-RS resources in the symbol unit increases. In the case of THz, since more beams (e.g., hundreds or more) can be used to utilize Ultra Massive MIMO technology, the use of CSI-RS resources increases in proportion to the increase in the number of beams.

[0258] In addition, there is also a problem where data transmission efficiency decreases due to the increase in CP length, as slot length and symbol length decrease with the use of broadband and the increase in SCS (subcarrier spacing).

[0259] In 6G mobile communication, where the use of THz is expected, a data transmission method is essential not only for high-speed data transmission but also for efficiently utilizing broadband bandwidth.

[0260] According to the method of the present disclosure, when a terminal initially connects to a system, available sensor information of the terminal can also be provided to the network along with information on the terminal's beam table (a table containing information related to the terminal's beam).

[0261] In addition, it provides message or information configurations exchanged between the base station / system core and the terminal to determine CSI-RS resource allocation and beam measurement modes for a terminal having a multi-panel or single-beam panel.

[0262] In addition, the procedure for dynamically processing CSI-RS resource allocation and message configuration in the operating environment of terminals with multi-panel or single-beam panels was also described.

[0263] In addition, the application of beam prediction technology utilizing beam table information and the terminal's sensing functions in an operating environment of a terminal with a multi-panel or single-beam panel was also explained.

[0264] According to the method of the present disclosure, convergence services utilizing sensing technology can be enhanced by adding an ISAC function for beam measurement. Additionally, data throughput is increased because CSI-RS resources can be dynamically allocated as downlink channel resources.

[0265] In addition, data efficiency increases compared to the existing system even when CP is increased to reduce ISI (inter-symbol interference) in short symbol intervals, and data efficiency also increases compared to the existing system even when utilizing many beams.

[0266] Figures 28 and 29 illustrate beam prediction processes.

[0267] Referring to FIG. 28, the terminal includes eight antenna panels. The current beam has an angle of 60 degrees with TRP#1, and panel #5 is used.

[0268] The angle between the front of the terminal and the direction of movement is roughly estimated to be 0 degrees (A). The angle between the position of the target (TRP#2) and the current position of the terminal is roughly estimated to be 30 to 50 degrees (B).

[0269] The base station estimates candidate beam panels and beam indices, and subtracting B and A from 360 degrees results in 310 to 330 degrees. When the base station selects a beam panel of the corresponding beam range (or the one closest to the corresponding beam range) from a table related to beam-related information, Panel #8 may be selected. Candidate beam indices may be selected by considering the bore sight angle.

[0270] Referring to FIG. 29, the terminal includes eight antenna panels. The current beam has an angle of 60 degrees with TRP#1, and panel #4 is used.

[0271] The angle between the front of the terminal and the direction of movement is roughly estimated to be 20 to 30 degrees (A). The angle between the position of the target (TRP#2) and the current position of the terminal is roughly estimated to be 40 to 50 degrees (B). Subtracting B and A from 360 degrees results in 280 to 300 degrees. Considering these circumstances, the base station can estimate candidate beam panels and beam indices. When the base station selects a beam panel corresponding to the beam range (or closest to the beam range) from a table related to beam information, panel #7 or 8 may be selected. Candidate beam indices may be selected by considering the bore sight angle.

[0272] It is assumed that the error in direction prediction can be proportional to the beam scan resolution. As the beam scan resolution decreases, more precise prediction of the movement direction becomes possible.

[0273] FIG. 30 illustrates a method of operation of a terminal including a plurality of beam panels in a wireless communication system according to the present disclosure.

[0274] Referring to FIG. 30, the terminal determines an initial beam and an initial beam panel through cell search, wherein the cell search is a procedure in which the terminal obtains time and frequency synchronization with the cell and detects the cell ID (identity) of the cell, and is based on the primary synchronization signal, secondary synchronization signal, and PBCH (physical broadcast channel) DMRS (demodulation reference signal) of the cell (S301). The terminal may be a terminal equipped with a plurality of beam panels.

[0275] The terminal obtains system information of the cell from the base station (S302).

[0276] A terminal performs a random access procedure with the base station, wherein the random access procedure includes: i) the terminal transmitting a random access preamble to the base station; ii) receiving a random access response from the base station; iii) performing a scheduled transmission using a scheduled uplink grant from the random access response; and iv) receiving a contention resolution message (S303).

[0277] The terminal reports / provides terminal capability information to the base station (S304). For example, the terminal capability information includes beam-related information and sensor-related information of the terminal, wherein the beam-related information includes at least one of a beam scan range, half power beam width (HPBW) of the beam, beam scan resolution, bore sight angle of the beam, and beam index, and the sensor-related information may include at least one of sensor usage capability and sensor list.

[0278] The terminal receives CSI-RS operation mode setting information from the base station (S305).

[0279] The terminal performs beam management based on the above CSI-RS operation mode setting information, and when the above CSI-RS operation mode setting information indicates ON, the terminal receives CSI-RS resource allocation from the base station and performs beam management through the process of measuring and reporting CSI-RS (S306).

[0280] When the above CSI-RS operation mode setting information indicates OFF, beam management is performed based on the sensing information and beam table of the terminal, and the resources to be allocated to the CSI-RS are used for data reception (S307). For example, when the above CSI-RS operation mode setting information indicates OFF, a specific resource for the terminal is not allocated as a CSI-RS resource but is allocated as a downlink channel resource.

[0281] According to an embodiment, the terminal may further receive beam measurement mode setting information. In this case, the beam measurement mode setting information may indicate CSI-RS measurement or ISAC (Integrated Sensing and Communication) sensing.

[0282] When the beam measurement mode setting information indicates the CSI-RS measurement, the terminal measures the CSI-RS for beam tracking, and when the beam measurement mode setting information indicates the ISAC sensing, the terminal measures the signal received from the sensor of the terminal and the reflected signal of the communication signal between the terminal and the base station for beam tracking.

[0283] According to the method of the present disclosure, CSI-RS resources can be dynamically allocated as downlink channel resources, thereby increasing data throughput. In particular, data efficiency can be increased even when utilizing many beams. Furthermore, data efficiency is increased compared to the existing method even when increasing the number of cyclic prefixes (CPs) to reduce inter-symbol interference in short symbol intervals. Additionally, it can contribute to the advancement of convergence services utilizing sensing technology.

[0284] FIG. 31 illustrates a wireless device that can be applied to the present disclosure.

[0285] Referring to FIG. 31, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR).

[0286] The first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (106, transceivers) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memory (104) and / or transceivers (106) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or sequences of operation disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information within the memory (104) to generate a first information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the first information / signal through the transceiver (106). Additionally, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal containing a second information / signal through the transceiver (106) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequence diagrams disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (106) may be combined with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0287] The first wireless device (100) may be a terminal. The terminal determines an initial beam and an initial beam panel through a cell search, wherein the cell search is a procedure in which the terminal obtains time and frequency synchronization with the cell and detects the cell ID (identity) of the cell, based on the cell's primary synchronization signal, secondary synchronization signal, and PBCH (physical broadcast channel) DMRS (demodulation reference signal); obtains system information of the cell from the base station; and performs a random access procedure with the base station, wherein the random access procedure includes: i) the terminal transmitting a random access preamble to the base station; ii) receiving a random access response from the base station; iii) performing a scheduled transmission using a scheduled uplink grant from the random access response; and iv) receiving a contention resolution message; reports terminal capability information to the base station; receives CSI-RS operating mode setting information from the base station; and the CSI-RS operating mode setting Beam management is performed based on information, wherein when the CSI-RS operation mode setting information instructs ON, beam management is performed through the process of receiving CSI-RS resource allocation from the base station and measuring and reporting CSI-RS, and when the CSI-RS operation mode setting information instructs OFF, beam management is performed based on the sensing information and beam table of the terminal, wherein the resource to be allocated for CSI-RS is used for data reception.

[0288] The second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202) and one or more memories (204), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memory (204) and / or transceivers (206) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information within the memory (204) to generate a third information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the third information / signal through the transceiver (206). Additionally, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal containing a fourth information / signal through the transceiver (206) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the fourth information / signal in the memory (204). Memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, memory (204) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). A transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (206) may be interchangeable with an RF unit. In this disclosure, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip. The second wireless device (200) may be the aforementioned base station. The second wireless device (200) performs cell search, system information transmission, and random access procedures with the terminal.Additionally, a terminal capability inquiry is transmitted to the terminal, terminal capability information is received in response, and CSI-RS operation mode setting information is transmitted to the terminal. When the CSI-RS operation mode setting information is instructed to be ON, the base station performs CSI-RS resource allocation and performs beam management by receiving the CSI-RS measurement and report from the terminal. When the CSI-RS operation mode setting information is instructed to be OFF, the resources to be allocated for CSI-RS can be allocated / used for data transmission.

[0289] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate a signal (e.g., baseband signal) containing a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this document and provide it to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) may receive a signal (e.g., baseband signal) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and may obtain a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document.

[0290] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be contained in one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and driven by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions, and / or sets of instructions.

[0291] One or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories (104, 204) may be composed of ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drive, registers, cache memory, computer read storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories (104, 204) may be located inside and / or outside of one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, one or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) through various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0292] One or more transceivers (106, 206) may transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., of this document to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) may receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., disclosed in this document from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document through one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert the received wireless signal / channel, etc. from an RF band signal to a baseband signal in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signal / channel, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed using one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. To this end, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0293] In FIG. 31, a case where the processor and memory are configured separately is illustrated, but this is not a limitation. For example, the processor and memory may be combined into a single device (e.g., a single chipset).

[0294] Hereinafter, an example of a signal processing module structure of a transmitter to which the present disclosure applies will be described.

[0295] Figure 32 is an example of the structure of a signal processing module of a transmitter.

[0296] Referring to FIG. 32, the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050), and a signal generator (1060). Although not limited thereto, the operation / function of FIG. 32 may be performed in the processor (102, 202) and / or transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 31. The hardware elements of FIG. 32 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) and / or transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 31. For example, blocks 1010 through 1060 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 31. Additionally, blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 31, and block 1060 may be implemented in the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 31.

[0297] The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 32. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block may include a transmission block (e.g., UL-SCH transmission block, DL-SCH transmission block). The wireless signal can be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., PUSCH, PDSCH).

[0298] Specifically, a codeword can be converted into a scrambled bit sequence by a scrambler (1010). The scrambled sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, which may include ID information of a wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (1020). The modulation method may include pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (1030). The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (1040) (precoding). The output z of the precoder (1040) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (1030) by an N*M precoding matrix W. Here, N is the number of antenna ports and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on the complex modulation symbols. Additionally, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0299] A resource mapper (1050) can map the modulation symbols of each antenna port to a time-frequency resource. The time-frequency resource may include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A signal generator (1060) generates a radio signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (1060) may include an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0300] The signal processing process for a received signal in a wireless device can be configured as the inverse of the signal processing process (1010–1060) of FIG. 32. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100, 200 in FIG. 31) can receive a wireless signal from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received wireless signal can be converted into a baseband signal through a signal restorer. To this end, the signal restorer may include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) module. Subsequently, the baseband signal can be restored into a codeword through a resource de-mapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a de-scrambling process. The codeword can be restored into the original information block through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.

[0301] FIG. 33 illustrates another example of a signal processing module structure within a transmission device. Here, signal processing can be performed in a processor of a terminal / base station, such as the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 31.

[0302] Referring to FIG. 33, a transmission device (e.g., 102, 202, 106, 206) within a terminal or base station may include a scrambler (401), a modulator (402), a layer mapper (403), a precoder (404), a resource block mapper (405), and a signal generator (406).

[0303] For one codeword, the transmission device can scramble the coded bits within the codeword by the scrambler (401) and then transmit them through the physical channel.

[0304] The scrambled bits are modulated into complex modulation symbols by a modulator (402). The modulator may modulate the scrambled bits according to a predetermined modulation scheme to arrange them into complex modulation symbols representing positions on a signal constellation. There are no restrictions on the modulation scheme, and pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), or m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc., may be used for modulating the encoded data.

[0305] The complex modulation symbol can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by the layer mapper (403).

[0306] Complex modulation symbols on each layer can be precoded by a precoder (404) for transmission on an antenna port. Here, the precoder may perform precoding after performing transform precoding on the complex modulation symbols. Alternatively, the precoder may perform precoding without performing transform precoding. The precoder (404) may process the complex modulation symbols in a MIMO manner according to multiple transmission antennas to output antenna-specific symbols and distribute the antenna-specific symbols to the corresponding resource block mapper (405). The output z of the precoder (404) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (403) by an N×M precoding matrix W. Here, N is the number of antenna ports and M is the number of layers.

[0307] The resource block mapper (405) maps the demodulation modulation symbol for each antenna port to the appropriate resource element within the virtual resource block allocated for transmission.

[0308] The resource block mapper (405) can assign complex modulation symbols to appropriate subcarriers and multiplex them according to the user.

[0309] The signal generator (406) can generate a complex-valued time domain Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol signal by modulating a complex modulated symbol using a specific modulation method, such as OFDM. The signal generator (406) can perform an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) on an antenna-specific symbol, and a Cyclic Prefix (CP) can be inserted into the time domain symbol after the IFFT is performed. The OFDM symbol is transmitted to a receiving device through each transmitting antenna after undergoing digital-to-analog conversion, frequency uplink conversion, etc. The signal generator (406) may include an IFFT module, a CP inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0310] The signal processing process of the receiving device can be configured as the inverse of the signal processing process of the transmitter. Specifically, the processor of the transmitting device performs decoding and demodulation for a wireless signal received from the outside through the antenna port(s) of the transceiver. The receiving device may include multiple receiving antennas, and each signal received through the receiving antennas is restored to a baseband signal, and then undergoes multiplexing and MIMO demodulation to be restored to the data sequence that the transmitting device originally intended to transmit. The receiving device may include a signal restorer for restoring the received signal to a baseband signal, a multiplexer for combining and multiplexing the received and processed signals, and a channel demodulator for demodulating the multiplexed signal sequence into the corresponding codeword. The signal restorer, multiplexer, and channel demodulator may be configured as a single integrated module performing their functions or as separate, independent modules. More specifically, the signal restorer may include an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that converts an analog signal into a digital signal, a CP remover that removes CP from the digital signal, an FFT module that applies a fast Fourier transform (FFT) to the signal from which CP has been removed to output a frequency domain symbol, and a resource element demapper / equalizer that restores the frequency domain symbol to an antenna-specific symbol. The antenna-specific symbol is restored to a transport layer by a multiplexer, and the transport layer is restored to a codeword that the transmitting device intended to transmit by a channel demodulator.

[0311] FIG. 34 illustrates another example of a wireless device to which the present disclosure applies. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use—example / service.

[0312] Referring to FIG. 34, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 31 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and additional elements (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 31. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 31. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and additional elements (140) and controls the general operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on a program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). Additionally, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110) in the memory unit (130).

[0313] The additional element (140) can be configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 36, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 36, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 36, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 36, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 36, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 36, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or financial device), a security device, a climate / environment device, an AI server / device (Fig. 36, 400), a base station (Fig. 36, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices can be used in a movable or fixed location depending on the use—e.g., service.

[0314] In FIG. 31, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be entirely interconnected via a wired interface, or at least a portion may be wirelessly connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be wired, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit (110). Additionally, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may include one or more additional elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more sets of processors. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of RAM (Random Access Memory), DRAM (Dynamic RAM), ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory and / or a combination thereof.

[0315] FIG. 35 illustrates a portable device to which the present disclosure applies. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart glasses), a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The portable device may be referred to as an MS (Mobile Station), UT (user terminal), MSS (Mobile Subscriber Station), SS (Subscriber Station), AMS (Advanced Mobile Station), or WT (Wireless terminal).

[0316] Referring to FIG. 35, the portable device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140a), an interface unit (140b), and an input / output unit (140c). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as part of the communication unit (110).

[0317] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (120) can control the components of the portable device (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) may include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit (130) can store data / parameters / programs / code / commands required for the operation of the portable device (100). Additionally, the memory unit (130) can store input / output data / information, etc. The power supply unit (140a) supplies power to the portable device (100) and may include wired / wireless charging circuits, batteries, etc. The interface unit (140b) can support the connection between the portable device (100) and other external devices. The interface unit (140b) may include various ports (e.g., audio input / output ports, video input / output ports) for connection with external devices. The input / output unit (140c) can receive or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input by a user. The input / output unit (140c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140d), a speaker and / or a haptic module, etc.

[0318] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit (140c) acquires information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input from the user, and the acquired information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130). The communication unit (110) converts the information / signals stored in the memory into wireless signals and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to another wireless device or to a base station. Additionally, the communication unit (110) can receive wireless signals from another wireless device or base station and then restore the received wireless signals to their original information / signals. The restored information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130) and then output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input / output unit (140c).

[0319] Additionally, the method described herein may be realized by a computer-readable communication medium that carries or communicates code in the form of at least partially instructions or data structures and can be accessed, read, and / or executed by a computer.

[0320] According to some implementations of this specification, a non-transient computer-readable medium (CRM) stores a plurality of instructions. More specifically, the CRM stores instructions that cause an operation to be performed by one or more processors.The above operation determines an initial beam and an initial beam panel through a cell search, wherein the cell search is a procedure in which the terminal obtains time and frequency synchronization with the cell and detects the cell ID (identity) of the cell, based on the cell's primary synchronization signal, secondary synchronization signal, and PBCH (physical broadcast channel) DMRS (demodulation reference signal); obtains system information of the cell from the base station; and performs a random access procedure with the base station, wherein the random access procedure includes: i) the terminal transmitting a random access preamble to the base station; ii) receiving a random access response from the base station; iii) performing a scheduled transmission using a scheduled uplink grant from the random access response; and iv) receiving a contention resolution message; reports terminal capability information to the base station; receives CSI-RS operating mode setting information from the base station; and the CSI-RS operating mode Beam management is performed based on configuration information, wherein when the CSI-RS operation mode configuration information indicates ON, beam management is performed through the process of receiving CSI-RS resource allocation from the base station and measuring and reporting CSI-RS, and when the CSI-RS operation mode configuration information indicates OFF, beam management is performed based on the terminal's sensing information and beam table, and the resource to be allocated for CSI-RS includes an operation used for data reception.

[0321] FIG. 36 illustrates a communication system (1) that can be applied to the present disclosure.

[0322] Referring to FIG. 36, a communication system (1) applicable to the present disclosure includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Thing) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with wireless communication capabilities, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing inter-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). XR devices include AR (Augmented Reality) / VR (Virtual Reality) / MR (Mixed Reality) devices and can be implemented in the form of HMDs (Head-Mounted Devices), HUDs (Head-Up Displays) equipped in vehicles, televisions, smartphones, computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital signage, vehicles, robots, etc. Portable devices may include smartphones, smartpads, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches, smart glasses), computers (e.g., laptops, etc.). Home appliances may include TVs, refrigerators, washing machines, etc. IoT devices may include sensors, smart meters, etc. For example, base stations and networks may be implemented as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0323] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) through a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology may be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) through the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) may communicate with each other through the base station (200) / network (300), but they may also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to everything) communication). Also, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0324] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base station (200) and base station (200) / base station (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR), such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication), and inter-base station communication (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul)). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to / from each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, based on various proposals of the present disclosure, at least some of the following may be performed: various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), resource allocation processes, etc.

[0325] Meanwhile, NR supports multiple numerologies (or subcarrier spacing (SCS)) to support various 5G services. For example, when the SCS is 15 kHz, it supports a wide area in traditional cellular bands; when the SCS is 30 kHz / 60 kHz, it supports dense-urban, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth; and when the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, it supports a bandwidth greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0326] The NR frequency band can be defined by two types of frequency ranges (FR1, FR2). The numerical values ​​of the frequency ranges may change; for example, the frequency ranges of the two types (FR1, FR2) may be as shown in Table 5 below. For convenience of explanation, among the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 may mean the “sub 6GHz range” and FR2 may mean the “above 6GHz range” and may be referred to as millimeter wave (mmW).

[0327] [Table 5]

[0328]

[0329] As described above, the numerical values ​​of the frequency range of the NR system may change. For example, FR1 may include a band of 410 MHz to 7125 MHz as shown in Table 6 below. For example, FR1 may include a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher. For example, the frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher included within FR1 may include an unlicensed band. The unlicensed band may be used for various purposes, for example, for communication for vehicles (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0330] [Table 6]

[0331]

[0332] The claims described in this specification may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a method.

Claims

1. The method is, A terminal determines an initial beam and an initial beam panel through a cell search, wherein the cell search is a procedure in which the terminal obtains time and frequency synchronization with a cell and detects the cell ID (identity) of the cell, based on the cell's primary synchronization signal, secondary synchronization signal, and PBCH (physical broadcast channel) DMRS (demodulation reference signal). The above terminal obtains system information of the cell from the base station, and The terminal performs a random access procedure with the base station, wherein the random access procedure comprises: i) the terminal transmitting a random access preamble to the base station; ii) receiving a random access response from the base station; iii) performing a scheduled transmission using a scheduled uplink grant from the random access response; and iv) receiving a contention resolution message. The above terminal reports terminal capability information to the above base station, and The above terminal receives CSI-RS operation mode setting information from the base station, and The above terminal performs beam management based on the above CSI-RS operation mode setting information, When the above CSI-RS operation mode setting information indicates ON, the terminal receives CSI-RS resource allocation from the base station and performs beam management through the process of measuring and reporting CSI-RS. A method characterized in that when the above CSI-RS operating mode setting information indicates OFF, beam management is performed based on the sensing information and beam table of the terminal, and the resources to be allocated to the CSI-RS are used for data reception.

2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the terminal capability information includes beam-related information and sensor-related information of the terminal, wherein the beam-related information includes at least one of a beam scan range, half power beam width (HPBW) of the beam, beam scan resolution, bore sight angle of the beam, and beam index, and the sensor-related information includes at least one of a sensor usage capability and a sensor list.

3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the terminal includes a plurality of beam panels.

4. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that when the CSI-RS operation mode setting information indicates OFF, a specific resource is not allocated as a CSI-RS resource to the terminal but is allocated as a downlink channel resource.

5. In claim 1, the terminal further receives beam measurement mode setting information, A method characterized in that the beam measurement mode setting information indicates CSI-RS measurement or ISAC (Integrated Sensing and Communication) sensing.

6. A method according to claim 5, wherein when the beam measurement mode setting information indicates the CSI-RS measurement, the terminal measures the CSI-RS for beam tracking.

7. A method according to claim 5, wherein when the beam measurement mode setting information indicates the ISAC sensing, the terminal measures the signal received from the sensor of the terminal and the reflected signal of the communication signal between the terminal and the base station for beam tracking.

8. The terminal, At least one transceiver; At least one memory; and at least one processor operating in combination with the above-mentioned at least one transceiver and the above-mentioned at least one memory; comprising, The above at least one memory includes instructions that cause the at least one processor to perform operations based on execution by the at least one processor, wherein The above operations are, The initial beam and initial beam panel are determined through a cell search, wherein the cell search is a procedure in which the terminal acquires time and frequency synchronization with the cell and detects the cell ID (identity) of the cell, based on the cell's primary synchronization signal, secondary synchronization signal, and PBCH (physical broadcast channel) DMRS (demodulation reference signal). Obtain system information of the above cell from the base station, and Performing a random access procedure with the base station, wherein the random access procedure comprises: i) the terminal transmitting a random access preamble to the base station; ii) receiving a random access response from the base station; iii) performing a scheduled transmission using a scheduled uplink grant from the random access response; and iv) receiving a contention resolution message. Report terminal capability information to the above base station, and Receive CSI-RS operation mode setting information from the above base station, and Based on the above CSI-RS operation mode setting information, beam management is performed, When the above CSI-RS operation mode setting information instructs ON, beam management is performed through the process of receiving CSI-RS resource allocation from the base station, measuring CSI-RS, and reporting. A terminal characterized in that when the above CSI-RS operation mode setting information indicates OFF, beam management is performed based on the sensing information and beam table of the terminal, and the resources to be allocated to the CSI-RS are used for data reception.

9. A terminal according to claim 8, wherein the terminal capability information includes beam-related information and sensor-related information of the terminal, wherein the beam-related information includes at least one of a beam scan range, half power beam width (HPBW) of the beam, beam scan resolution, bore sight angle of the beam, and beam index, and the sensor-related information includes at least one of a sensor usage capability and a sensor list.

10. A terminal according to claim 8, characterized in that the terminal comprises a plurality of beam panels.

11. A terminal according to claim 8, characterized in that when the CSI-RS operation mode setting information indicates OFF, a specific resource is not allocated to the terminal as a CSI-RS resource but is allocated as a downlink channel resource.

12. In claim 8, the terminal further receives beam measurement mode setting information, A terminal characterized by the above beam measurement mode setting information indicating CSI-RS measurement or ISAC (Integrated Sensing and Communication) sensing.

13. A terminal according to claim 12, wherein when the beam measurement mode setting information indicates the CSI-RS measurement, the terminal measures the CSI-RS for beam tracking.

14. In claim 12, when the beam measurement mode setting information indicates the ISAC sensing, the terminal is characterized by measuring the signal received from the sensor of the terminal and the reflected signal of the communication signal between the terminal and the base station for beam tracking.

15. The device is, One or more processors; and It includes one or more memories that can be connected to operate with the above one or more processors, and The above at least one memory includes instructions that cause the at least one processor to perform operations based on execution by the at least one processor, wherein The above operations are, The initial beam and initial beam panel are determined through a cell search, wherein the cell search is a procedure in which the device acquires time and frequency synchronization with the cell and detects the cell ID (identity) of the cell, based on the primary synchronization signal, secondary synchronization signal, and PBCH (physical broadcast channel) DMRS (demodulation reference signal) of the cell. Obtain system information of the above cell from the base station, and Performing a random access procedure with the base station, wherein the random access procedure comprises: i) the terminal transmitting a random access preamble to the base station; ii) receiving a random access response from the base station; iii) performing a scheduled transmission using a scheduled uplink grant from the random access response; and iv) receiving a contention resolution message. Report terminal capability information to the above base station, and Receive CSI-RS operation mode setting information from the above base station, and Based on the above CSI-RS operation mode setting information, beam management is performed, When the above CSI-RS operation mode setting information instructs ON, beam management is performed through the process of receiving CSI-RS resource allocation from the base station, measuring CSI-RS, and reporting. A device characterized by performing beam management based on the sensing information and beam table of the terminal when the above CSI-RS operation mode setting information indicates OFF, wherein the resources allocated to the above CSI-RS are used for data reception.

16. In a computer-readable medium (CRM) storing instructions for an operation to be performed by one or more processors, the operation is, The initial beam and initial beam panel are determined through a cell search, wherein the cell search is a procedure for acquiring time and frequency synchronization with the cell and detecting the cell ID (identity) of the cell, based on the primary synchronization signal, secondary synchronization signal, and PBCH (physical broadcast channel) DMRS (demodulation reference signal) of the cell. Obtain system information of the above cell from the base station, and Performing a random access procedure with the base station, wherein the random access procedure comprises: i) the terminal transmitting a random access preamble to the base station; ii) receiving a random access response from the base station; iii) performing a scheduled transmission using a scheduled uplink grant from the random access response; and iv) receiving a contention resolution message. Report terminal capability information to the above base station, and Receive CSI-RS operation mode setting information from the above base station, and Based on the above CSI-RS operation mode setting information, beam management is performed, When the above CSI-RS operation mode setting information instructs ON, beam management is performed through the process of receiving CSI-RS resource allocation from the base station, measuring CSI-RS, and reporting. A CRM characterized by performing beam management based on the sensing information and beam table of the terminal when the above CSI-RS operation mode setting information indicates OFF, wherein the resources to be allocated to the CSI-RS are used for data reception.

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