Method and apparatus for designing r2d signal

Abstract

Provided are a method by which an apparatus carries out wireless communication and an apparatus supporting same. The method may comprise the steps of: receiving, from a reader, a reader to device timing acquisition signal (R-TAS) including a start indicator part (SIP) and a clock acquisition part (CAP); and receiving, from the reader, a physical reader to device channel (PRDCH). For example, a pattern of a midamble or postamble associated with the PRDCH may be set to an inverse of a pattern associated with the SIP.

Description

Method and device for designing R2D signals

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system.

[0002] 5G NR is a successor technology to LTE (long term evolution) and is a new clean-slate type mobile communication system with characteristics such as high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, ranging from low frequency bands below 1 GHz to mid-frequency bands from 1 GHz to 10 GHz, and high frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0003] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims for (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption of battery-free IoT (internet of things) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be in four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy requirements such as those shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 may represent an example of the requirements for a 6G system.

[0004] Maximum data rate per device 1 Tbps E2E latency 1 ms Maximum spectral efficiency 100 bps / Hz Mobility support up to 1000 km / hr Satellite integration Fully AI Fully autonomous driving Fully XR Fully haptic communication Fully

[0005] In one embodiment, a method is provided for a first device to perform wireless communication. The method may include the step of receiving an R-TAS (reader to device timing acquisition signal) including a SIP (start indicator part) and a CAP (clock acquisition part) from a reader; and the step of receiving a PRDCH (physical reader to device channel) from the reader. For example, a midamble or postamble pattern associated with the PRDCH may be set as the inverse of a pattern associated with the SIP.

[0006] In one embodiment, a first device configured to perform wireless communication is provided. The first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the first device to: receive an R-TAS (reader to device timing acquisition signal) including a SIP (start indicator part) and a CAP (clock acquisition part) from a reader; and receive a PRDCH (physical reader to device channel) from the reader, based on execution by the at least one processor. For example, a midamble or postamble pattern associated with the PRDCH may be set as the inverse of a pattern associated with the SIP.

[0007] In one embodiment, a processing device configured to control a first device is provided. The processing device comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: receive an R-TAS (reader to device timing acquisition signal) including a SIP (start indicator part) and a CAP (clock acquisition part) from a reader; and receive a PRDCH (physical reader to device channel) from the reader. For example, a midamble or postamble pattern associated with the PRDCH may be set as the inverse of a pattern associated with the SIP.

[0008] In one embodiment, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium is provided for recording instructions. When the instructions are executed, the first device may: receive an R-TAS (reader to device timing acquisition signal) including a SIP (start indicator part) and a CAP (clock acquisition part) from a reader; and receive a PRDCH (physical reader to device channel) from the reader. For example, a midamble or postamble pattern associated with the PRDCH may be set as the inverse of a pattern associated with the SIP.

[0009] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication procedure between devices according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0010] FIG. 2 shows a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0011] FIG. 3 shows the structure of a wireless frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0012] FIG. 4 shows a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0013] FIG. 5 shows an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 6 shows a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 7 shows an example of basic topologies according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 8 shows an example of a physical layer frame structure for R2D (reader-to-device) transmission according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 9 shows an example of a physical layer frame structure for D2R (device-to-reader) transmission according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 10 shows an example of reader-to-device (R2D) transmission based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 11 shows an example of a SIP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 12 shows an example of a data pattern of PRDCH according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 13 shows an example of designing a SIP configured with a single OFDM symbol according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 14 shows an example of designing a SIP configured with two OFDM symbols according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 15 shows an example of a SIP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 16 shows an example of a SIP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 17 shows an example of a SIP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 18 illustrates a method for setting an R2D mid-ampl based on SIP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 19 shows an example of a CAP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 20 shows an example of a CAP design according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 21 shows an example of a CAP design according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 22 shows an example of a CAP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG. 23 shows an example of a CAP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] FIG. 24 shows an example of a CAP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] FIG. 25 shows an example of a CAP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG. 26 shows an example of repeated transmission of a CAP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] FIG. 27 illustrates a method in which a first device performs wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0036] FIG. 28 illustrates a method in which a second device performs wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] FIG. 29 shows a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0038] FIG. 30 shows a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0039] FIG. 31 shows a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0040] FIG. 32 shows a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0041] FIG. 33 shows a portable device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0042] In the present disclosure, "A or B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Alternatively, in the present disclosure, "A or B" may be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, in the present disclosure, "A, B or C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0043] A slash ( / ) or a comma used in the present disclosure may mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B or C."

[0044] In the present disclosure, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." Additionally, in the present disclosure, the expressions "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted as synonymous with "at least one of A and B."

[0045] Additionally, in the present disclosure, "at least one of A, B and C" may mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C." Additionally, "at least one of A, B or C" or "at least one of A, B and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B and C."

[0046] Additionally, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)," "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, the "control information" of the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)," "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

[0047] In the following explanation, 'when, if, in case of' can be replaced with 'based on'.

[0048] Technical features described individually within one drawing in this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0049] In the present disclosure, a higher layer parameter may be a parameter that is set for the terminal, pre-set, or pre-defined. For example, a base station or a network may transmit the higher layer parameter to the terminal. For example, the higher layer parameter may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0050] In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being configured or pre-configured to a device through pre-defined signaling from a base station or network (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC, DCI (downlink control information), etc.). In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being configured or pre-configured to a device through pre-defined signaling from another device (e.g., MAC, RRC, SCI (sidelink control information), control information signaled between devices, etc.). In the present disclosure, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being pre-configured to a device.

[0051] In the present disclosure, user equipment (UE) may refer to a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc. In the present disclosure, a base station (BS) may refer to a radio access network (RAN) node, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) cell / node, a transmission reception point (TRP), a network, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc.

[0052] The technology proposed in this disclosure can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications), GPRS (general packet radio service), and EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (institute of electrical and electronics engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0053] The technology proposed in this disclosure can be implemented as 6G wireless technology and can be applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems may have key factors such as eMBB (enhanced mobile broadband), URLLC (ultra-reliable low latency communications), mMTC (massive machine-type communication), AI (artificial intelligence) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0054] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication procedure between devices according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 1 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0055] Referring to FIG. 1, in step S101, the first device and the second device can perform synchronization. For example, the first device may be a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the second device may be a base station, a network, a RAN node, an NTN node / cell, a TRP, a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the first device may perform an initial cell search operation. For example, the first device may detect at least one synchronization signal transmitted according to a rule predefined by the second device. Here, for example, the synchronization signal may include a plurality of synchronization signals (e.g., primary synchronization signal, secondary synchronization signal, etc.) classified according to structure or use. Through this, the first device can identify the boundaries of the frame, subframe, time unit, slot, and / or symbol of the second device, and the first device can obtain information about the second device (e.g., cell identifier).

[0056] In step S103, the first device may obtain system information transmitted by the second device. For example, the system information may include information related to the attributes, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the second device that are necessary to connect to the second device and use the service. For example, the system information may be classified according to content (e.g., whether it is essential for connection), transmission structure (e.g., the channel used, whether it is provided on-demand), etc. For example, the system information may be classified into a master information block (MIB) and a system information block (SIB). For example, if necessary, the first device may transmit a signal requesting the system information prior to receiving the system information. For example, the request and provision of the system information may be performed after a random access procedure described later.

[0057] In step S105, the first device and the second device may perform a random access procedure. For example, the first device may transmit and / or receive at least one message for the random access procedure (e.g., random access preamble, random access response message, etc.) based on information related to the random access channel of the second device obtained through system information (e.g., channel location, channel structure, structure of supported preamble, etc.). For example, the first device may transmit a preamble (e.g., Msg1) through the random access channel, and the first device may receive a random access response message (e.g., Msg2). The first device may transmit a message (e.g., Msg3) containing information related to the first device (e.g., identification information) to the second device using scheduling information included in the random access response message, and the first device may receive a message (e.g., Msg4) for contention resolution and / or connection establishment. For example, Msg1 and Msg3 may be transmitted and received as a single message (e.g., MsgA), and / or Msg2 and Msg4 may be transmitted and received as a single message (e.g., MsgB).

[0058] In step S107, the first device and the second device may perform signaling of control information. Here, for example, the control information may be defined in various layers, such as a layer controlling the connection (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) layer), a layer handling mapping between a logical channel and a transmission channel (e.g., a media access control (MAC) layer), and a layer handling a physical channel (e.g., a physical (PHY) layer). For example, the first device and the second device may perform at least one of signaling to establish a connection, signaling to determine settings related to communication, and / or signaling to indicate allocated resources. For example, the control information may be signaled / transmitted through a control channel. For example, the control information and / or the control channel may be used to schedule at least one of data, a data channel (e.g., a shared channel), and / or control information on the data channel.

[0059] In step S109, the first device and the second device may transmit and / or receive data. For example, the first device and the second device may process data based on signaling of control information and transmit and / or receive it. For example, when transmitting data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of channel encoding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and / or resource mapping on the information bits. For example, when receiving data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, antenna-specific waveform demodulation, signal placement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and / or channel decoding.

[0060] For example, the layers of the radio interface protocol between the first device and the second device can be classified into L1 (layer 1), L2 (layer 2), L3 (layer 3), etc. For example, the physical layer belonging to layer 1 can provide an information transfer service using a physical channel, and the radio resource control (RRC) layer located at layer 3 can perform the role of controlling radio resources between the first device and the second device. To this end, for example, the RRC layer can exchange RRC messages between the first device and the second device.

[0061] FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 2 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiment may be omitted. For example, FIG. 2(a) may represent a radio protocol stack in the user plane for uplink communication or downlink communication, and FIG. 2(b) may represent a radio protocol stack in the control plane for uplink communication or downlink communication. For example, FIG. 2(c) may represent a radio protocol stack in the user plane for device-to-device communication, and FIG. 2(d) may represent a radio protocol stack in the control plane for device-to-device communication.

[0062] For example, the physical layer can provide information transmission services to upper layers using a physical channel. For example, the physical layer can be connected to the upper layer, the MAC (medium access control) layer, through a transport channel. For example, data can be transmitted between the MAC layer and the physical layer through a transport channel. For example, transport channels can be classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted through a wireless interface. For example, data can be transmitted through a physical channel between different physical layers, e.g., between the physical layers of a first device and a second device. For example, the physical channel can be modulated using the OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) method, and time and frequency can be utilized as wireless resources.

[0063] For example, the MAC layer can provide services to the upper layer, the RLC (radio link control) layer, through logical channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide mapping functions from multiple logical channels to multiple transmission channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide logical channel multiplexing functions through mapping from multiple logical channels to a single transmission channel. For example, the MAC sublayer can provide data transmission services over logical channels.

[0064] For example, the RLC layer can perform concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs). For example, to guarantee various quality of service (QoS) required by a radio bearer (RB), the RLC layer can provide three modes of operation: transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged mode (AM). For example, AM RLC can provide error correction through automatic repeat requests (ARQ).

[0065] For example, the RRC (radio resource control) layer may be defined only in the control plane. For example, the RRC layer may be responsible for controlling logical channels, transmission channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of radio bearers. For example, RB may refer to a logical path provided by the first layer (e.g., physical layer) and the second layer (e.g., MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP (packet data convergence protocol) layer, SDAP (service data adaptation protocol) layer, etc.) for data transfer between a first device and a second device.

[0066] For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the user plane may include the delivery of user data, header compression, and ciphering. For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the control plane may include the delivery of control plane data and encryption / integrity protection.

[0067] For example, the establishment of an RB can mean the process of defining the characteristics of the wireless protocol layer and channel to provide specific services, and setting each specific parameter and method of operation. For example, an RB can be divided into two types: an SRB (signaling radio bearer) and a DRB (data radio bearer). For example, an SRB can be used as a channel to transmit RRC messages in the control plane, and a DRB can be used as a channel to transmit user data in the user plane.

[0068] For example, a downlink transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast channel (BCH) that transmits system information and / or a shared channel (SCH) that transmits user traffic or control messages. For example, traffic or control messages for a downlink multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted via a downlink SCH or via a separate multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, an uplink transmission channel may include at least one of a random access channel (RACH) that transmits initial control messages and / or a shared channel (SCH) that transmits user traffic or control messages. For example, a logical channel located above the transmission channel and mapped to the transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and / or a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).

[0069] FIG. 3 shows the structure of a wireless frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 3 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0070] Referring to FIG. 3, radio frames may be used, for example, in uplink transmission, downlink transmission, and / or device-to-device transmission. For example, a radio frame may have a length of 10 ms and may be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). For example, a half-frame may contain five 1 ms subframes (SF). For example, a subframe may be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe may be determined by subcarrier spacing (SCS). For example, each slot may contain 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols according to a cyclic prefix (CP).

[0071] For example, when normal CP is used, each slot may contain 14 symbols. For example, when extended CP is used, each slot may contain 12 symbols. Here, for example, the symbols may include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols) and SC-FDMA (single carrier-FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0072] Table 2 below shows the number of symbols per slot (N) according to the SCS setting (u) when Normal CP or Extended CP is used. slot symb ), number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot) exemplifies.

[0073] CP Type SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot Normal CP 15kHz (u=0) 1410 130kHz (u=1) 1420 260kHz (u=2) 1440 4120kHz (u=3) 1480 8240kHz (u=4) 14160 16 Extended CP 60kHz (u=2) 1240 4

[0074] For example, OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be configured differently among multiple cells merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of a time resource (e.g., subframe, slot, or TTI (transmit time interval)) composed of the same number of symbols may be configured differently among the merged cells. For example, in the present disclosure, time resources such as subframes, slots, TTI, etc. may be referred to as time units.

[0075] For example, multiple numerologies or SCSs may be supported to support various services. For example, if the SCS is 15 kHz, a wide area in traditional cellular bands may be supported, and if the SCS is 30 kHz / 60 kHz, dense-urban, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth may be supported. For example, if the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, a bandwidth greater than 24.25 GHz may be supported to overcome phase noise.

[0076] FIG. 4 shows a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 4 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0077] Referring to FIG. 4, for example, a slot may include multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, a carrier may include multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a resource block (RB) may be defined as multiple consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a bandwidth part (BWP) may be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((physical) resource blocks) in the frequency domain and may correspond to a single numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). For example, a carrier may include up to N BWPs (where N is a positive integer). For example, data communication may be performed through an active BWP. For example, each element may be referred to as a resource element (RE) in a resource grid and may be mapped to a single complex symbol.

[0078] For example, a BWP can be a continuous set of PRBs in a given numerology. For example, a PRB can be selected from a continuous subset of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.

[0079] For example, the BWP may be at least one of an active BWP, an initial BWP, and / or a default BWP. For example, the terminal may not monitor downlink radio link quality on DL BWPs other than the active DL BWP on the PCell (primary cell). For example, the terminal may not receive PDCCH (physical downlink control channel), PDSCH (physical downlink shared channel), or CSI-RS (channel state information-reference signal) (except for RRM (radio resource management)) outside of the active DL BWP. For example, the terminal may not trigger CSI (channel state information) reporting for an inactive DL BWP. For example, the terminal may not transmit PUCCH (physical uplink control channel) or PUSCH (physical uplink shared channel) outside of the active UL (uplink) BWP. For example, for the downlink, the initial BWP can be given as a consecutive set of resource blocks (RBs) for the remaining minimum system information (RMSI) CORESET (control resource set) (set by the physical broadcast channel (PBCH)). For example, for the uplink, the initial BWP can be given by the system information block (SIB) for the random access procedure. For example, the default BWP can be set by the upper layer. For example, the initial value of the default BWP can be the initial DL BWP.For energy saving, if the terminal fails to detect DCI (downlink control information) for a certain period, the terminal can switch the active BWP of the terminal to the default BWP.

[0080] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 5 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0081] Referring to FIG. 5, for example, a common resource block (CRB) may be a numbered carrier resource block from one end of the carrier band to the other, and a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. For example, point A may indicate a common reference point for the resource block grid.

[0082] For example, BWP is point A, offset from point A (N start BWP ) and bandwidth (N size BWP It can be set by ). For example, point A may be an external reference point of the PRB of a carrier where the subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network in that carrier) are aligned. For example, offset may be the PRB interval between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and point A. For example, bandwidth may be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

[0083] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0084] As core implementation technologies for 6G systems, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), THz (Terahertz) communication, optical wireless technology, free space optical transmission (FSO) backhaul networks, large-scale MIMO (multiple input multiple output) technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cell-free communication, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET), integration of sensing and communication, integration of access backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and large intelligent surface (LIS) can be adopted.

[0085] Below, Ambient IoT (A-IoT) will be explained.

[0086] A-IoT can be a new type of device or segment that operates solely on energy harvested from the surrounding environment. For example, A-IoT can refer to a new class of Internet of Things devices that operate by being powered by various energy sources harvestable from the surrounding environment, such as radio waves, light, motion, and thermal energy.

[0087] For example, active signal generation and / or backscattering may be one of the communication technologies considered to achieve low-power operation of A-IoT devices. For example, backscattering is a widely used technique in radio frequency identification (RFID) that can enable a device to communicate with a network by reflecting incident waves after modulating them with information to be transmitted. For example, the device may be powered by an incident RF signal or stored energy.

[0088] For example, A-IoT devices can be classified into various device types, such as passive, semi-passive, and active, depending on the energy storage and transmission signal generation methods. For example, a passive device does not have an energy storage device (e.g., a capacitor) and can communicate based on backscatter communication technology. For example, a semi-passive device has an energy storage device and can communicate using backscatter communication technology with the assistance of the energy storage device. For example, an active device has an energy storage device and can communicate by actively generating signals using active RF components and stored energy. For example, in the present disclosure, the following three types of IoT devices may be considered. For example, device A may be a device without energy storage and without independent signal generation (e.g., a device supporting backscatter transmission). For example, device B may be a device with energy storage and without independent signal generation (e.g., a device supporting backscatter transmission). In this case, for example, the use of the stored energy may include amplification of the reflected signal. For example, device C may be a device with energy storage and independent signal generation (e.g., a device with an active RF component for transmission).

[0089] For example, the types of A-IoT devices can be classified into two as follows. For example, a Type 1 device has a maximum power consumption of approximately 1 uW, is capable of energy storage, has no amplification function, and can perform transmission by backscattering a carrier wave (CW) provided from an external source (e.g., a reader such as a base station or terminal, or a separate node). For example, a Type 2 device has a maximum power consumption of approximately several hundred uW, is capable of energy storage, has an amplification function, and can perform transmission by backscattering a carrier wave (CW) provided from an external source (e.g., a reader such as a base station or terminal, or a separate node) or by using a signal generated internally.

[0090] For example, in addition to the classification methods described above, the type / class of an A-IoT device may be distinguished based on parameters associated with device characteristics (e.g., presence / capacity of energy storage, degree of energy / power consumption, presence / capability of amplification, presence / capability of a band-pass filter (BPF), supported DL / UL transmission method(s), etc.) or combinations of parameters. Here, for example, the BPF capability may be distinguished by the 3-dB bandwidth of the supported BPF, sharpness, etc., and the UL transmission methods may be distinguished by, for example, backscattered UL transmission, UL transmission by internal signal generation, etc.

[0091] In addition, the type / class of an A-IoT device may be subdivided based on parameters associated with the above device characteristics (e.g., presence / capacity of energy storage, degree of energy / power consumption, presence / capability of amplification, presence / capability of a band-pass filter (BPF), supported DL / UL transmission method(s), etc.) or combinations of such parameters. For example, the above-described Type 2 device may be classified into Type 2a when it performs transmission by backscattering a carrier wave (CW) provided from an external source (e.g., a reader such as a base station or terminal, or a separate node), and Type 2b when it performs transmission using a signal generated internally. In this case, Types 2a and 2b may be identical in that they have a maximum power consumption of approximately several hundred uW, are capable of energy storage, and have amplification capabilities.

[0092] For example, the following basic topologies may be considered to support A-IoT devices in indoor and outdoor scenarios. For example, basic topologies may include a direct connection between a base station and an A-IoT device, a connection between a base station, an intermediate node, and an A-IoT device, support for connection by an auxiliary node, and / or a connection between a terminal and an A-IoT device. The basic topologies proposed in this disclosure are merely examples, and the proposals of this disclosure may be extended and applied to other topologies.

[0093] FIG. 7 illustrates examples of basic topologies according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiment may be omitted.

[0094] FIG. 7(a) illustrates a topology (e.g., Topology 1) in which a base station and an A-IoT device are directly connected according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 7(a), the A-IoT device can communicate directly and bidirectionally with the base station. For example, communication between the base station and the A-IoT device may include A-IoT data and / or signals. For example, A-IoT data and / or signals may be transmitted or received based on a control channel and / or a data channel (e.g., a shared channel). In the embodiment of FIG. 7(a), the base station transmitting to the A-IoT device and the base station receiving from the A-IoT device may be different. For example, in Topology 1, the base station and the A-IoT device in a micro-cell environment may communicate directly with each other. For example, the base station may be located at a co-site with a base station equipped with existing 3GPP technology.

[0095] FIG. 7(b) illustrates a topology (e.g., Topology 2) in which a base station and an A-IoT device are connected through an intermediate node (IN) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 7(b), the A-IoT device can communicate bidirectionally with the intermediate node between the device and the base station. Here, for example, the intermediate node may be an A-IoT-enabled relay, IAB node, terminal, repeater, etc. For example, the intermediate node may transmit A-IoT data and / or signals between the base station and the A-IoT device. For example, A-IoT data and / or signals may be transmitted or received based on a control channel and / or data channel (e.g., shared channel). In the embodiment of FIG. 7(b), the intermediate node transmitting to the A-IoT device and the intermediate node receiving from the A-IoT device may be different. For example, in the above topology 2, an intermediate node may exist between the base station in the macro-cell environment and the A-IoT device. For example, the base station may be located at a co-site with a base station equipped with existing 3GPP technology. For example, the intermediate node may be limited to a terminal, and the intermediate node may be located indoors. For example, in the above topology 2, IN may act as a leader.

[0096] FIG. 7(c) and / or FIG. 7(d) illustrates a topology (e.g., Topology 3) supported by an assisting node (AN) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 7(c), the assisting node may be supported for downlink reception. For example, an A-IoT device may transmit data / signals to a base station, and the A-IoT device may receive data / signals from the assisting node. Referring to FIG. 7(d), the assisting node may be supported for uplink transmission. For example, the A-IoT device may receive data / signals from a base station, and the A-IoT device may transmit data / signals to the assisting node. Here, for example, the assisting node may be an A-IoT-enabled relay, IAB node, terminal, repeater, etc.

[0097] FIG. 7(e) illustrates a topology (e.g., Topology 4) in which a terminal and an A-IoT device are directly connected according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 7(e), the A-IoT device can communicate bidirectionally with the terminal. For example, communication between the terminal and the A-IoT device may include A-IoT data and / or signals. For example, A-IoT data and / or signals may be transmitted or received based on a control channel and / or a data channel (e.g., a shared channel).

[0098] For example, CW waveforms can be supported in various types. For instance, the type of CW waveform can be a single-tone CW waveform or a somewhat complex multi-tone CW waveform. For instance, single-tone CW may be advantageous over multi-tone CW in terms of the multiplexing capacity of tags or readers and in terms of interference, as it uses fewer resources. On the other hand, multi-tone CW has advantages, such as the ability to deliver more energy when transmitting CW over DL and to secure greater coverage on a single device.

[0099] Considering the advantages of these different CW waveform types, multiple CW waveform types may be supported in an A-IoT system, and the base station / IN / AN / UE may configure the CW waveform type. For example, one or more CW waveform types supported in the A-IoT communication system may be pre-configured / defined, and the base station / IN / AN / UE may select one of the one or more supported CW waveform types and transmit it to an A-IoT device. For example, the base station / IN / AN / UE may configure / instruct / display the selected CW waveform type to the A-IoT device in the form of a command / message transmitted as a preamble / frame-sync or payload.

[0100] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a physical layer frame structure for R2D (reader-to-device) transmission according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 8 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0101] Referring to FIG. 8, an R2D transmission may include at least one of a start indicator part (SIP), a clock acquisition part (CAP), a physical reader-to-device channel (PRDCH), and / or an R2D postamble. For example, the SIP and / or CAP may be included in the R-TAS (R2D timing acquisition signal). For example, the SIP may be the start indicator part of the R-TAS. For example, the CAP may be the clock acquisition part of the R-TAS. For example, the SIP may be a signal for the reader to explicitly notify the device of the start of transmission. For example, the CAP may be a signal for providing clock information necessary to interpret the subsequent channel. For example, the PRDCH may be a physical layer channel through which data and / or control information that the reader intends to convey to the device is transmitted. For example, the PRDCH may include a transmission block received from an upper layer (e.g., MAC). For example, the R2D postamble can be located at the very end of the frame and can indicate that the PRDCH transmission is complete.

[0102] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a physical layer frame structure for device-to-reader (D2R) transmission according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0103] Referring to FIG. 9, the D2R transmission may include at least one of a preamble, a midamble, a postamble, and / or a physical device-to-reader channel (PDRCH). In the embodiment of FIG. 9, the midamble located after the PDRCH may be referred to as the postamble.

[0104] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of reader-to-device (R2D) transmission based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0105] Referring to FIG. 10(a), M chips can be mapped within a single OFDM symbol. For example, consecutive chips with indices from 0 to M-1 can be mapped within a single OFDM symbol. For example, M can be a positive integer.

[0106] Referring to FIG. 10(b), for example, the number of chips within an OFDM symbol for SIP may be 4. For example, in the segment after SIP (e.g., CAP, PRDCH, postamble, and / or padding), the number of chips per OFDM symbol may be selected by the reader. For example, the reader may select one value from the set {2, 6, 12, 24}. In the embodiment of FIG. 10(b), M is assumed to be 12. For example, to align the R2D transmission by symbol, padding may be included in the last part of the R2D transmission.

[0107] Meanwhile, the preamble, midamble, and postamble mentioned in this specification may be transmitted together with D2R transmissions (e.g., PDRCH), R2D transmissions (e.g., PRDCH), etc., or included in said D2R transmissions or R2D transmissions. For example, the preamble may be transmitted at the very beginning of a specific D2R / R2D transmission, the midamble in the middle of a specific D2R / R2D transmission, and the postamble at the very end of a specific D2R / R2D transmission.

[0108] Meanwhile, the 'state' mentioned in this disclosure may refer to a state such as ON / SLEEP / OFF to increase the available time of a device in an A-IoT system (hereinafter, in this disclosure, 'device' may mean an 'A-IoT device' or an 'EH (energy harvesting) device'). At this time, for example, the 'ON state' can be defined as a state in which the device can perform TX / RX while consuming energy, the 'SLEEP state' can be defined as a state in which the device can perform energy harvesting without performing TX / RX while maintaining memory content or timer / clock, etc. in the ON state, and finally, the 'OFF state' can be defined as a state in which the device can perform energy harvesting without maintaining memory content or timer / clock, etc. in the ON state and without performing TX / RX.

[0109] Meanwhile, in an A-IoT system, the R-TAS (R2D timing acquisition signal) can be composed of a SIP (start indicator part) and a CAP (clock acquisition part). In this case, for example, the design principles for the SIP and CAP, respectively, can be defined as follows (see TR 38.769).

[0110] An R2D timing acquisition signal (R-TAS) immediately preceding the transmission of PRDCH is included to indicate at least timing acquisition and the start of R2D transmission in the time domain. An R-TAS structure using a preamble was examined, in which the SIP provides the start of R2D transmission and immediately precedes the CAP used to determine the OOK chip duration of the subsequent PRDCH transmission. The preamble is not part of the PRDCH.

[0111] The SIP of R-TAS is T D2R_min It is not included in, and ON / OFF patterns, i.e., high / low voltage transmission, are applied. The following options were reviewed for SIP.

[0112] Option 1: ON-OFF transmission based on energy / edge detection is considered, and multiple alternatives were reviewed, including the following.

[0113] - Alternative 1: A single ON-OFF transmission, i.e., a low-voltage transmission follows a high-voltage transmission, and the ON and OFF can have the same or different durations.

[0114] - Alternative 2: As a multiple ON-OFF transmission, different ON and different OFF may have the same or different durations, and different parts may have the same or different durations.

[0115] Option 2: An ON-OFF sequence-based design consisting of a predefined sequence for detecting SIP based on digital correlation is considered.

[0116] For both options, it was observed that a fixed duration for SIP can be considered regardless of the M value used for PRDCH transmission.

[0117] For both options, it may be advantageous to make SIP distinguishable from at least other parts of the R2D transmission.

[0118] The CAP is based on OOK without line coding and includes rising / falling edges containing at least two rising edges or at least two falling edges so that the device can determine the OOK chip duration. The following options were considered for the design of the CAP.

[0119] Option 1: The duration of CAP is variable for different M values, meaning that as the M value increases, the duration becomes shorter.

[0120] Option 2: The duration of CAP is constant for different M values ​​based on repetition, that is, to maintain a constant duration, the repetition factor increases as the M value increases.

[0121] Meanwhile, according to conventional technology, the SIP, CAP, and R2D preamble / midamble / postamble associated with R2D transmission are each defined / set as independent and fixed patterns (e.g., ON / OFF). In this case, for example, the following problems may occur. For instance, if the pattern of each signal is fixed independently, there is a possibility that the structure of the patterns between different R2D signals may become similar, and as a result, it may be difficult for a receiving device to distinguish or detect which section is the SIP, CAP, or R2D preamble / midamble / postamble. In particular, for instance, since an A-IoT device using a low-power receiver can identify signals based on simple energy detection, the performance of signal detection may be degraded if a clear correlation between the patterns of each signal is not separately defined / set. Alternatively, for example, if the pattern of each signal is fixed independently / individually, it is impossible to optimize the patterns complementarily according to a specific operating environment or specific scenario, which may reduce system flexibility. Alternatively, for example, as independent / individual pattern settings are required for each of the SIP, CAP, and R2D preamble / midamble / postamble, the number of setting parameters to manage increases and the complexity of the settings increases, which may reduce operational efficiency.

[0122] In the present disclosure, methods for designing patterns for SIP, CAP, and R2D preamble / midamble / postamble, respectively, may be proposed. For example, it may be necessary to set the pattern of the R2D midamble based on the pattern of the SIP so that a device (e.g., an A-IoT device or an EH device) can detect the R2D midamble transmitted together with PRDCH during R2D transmission. Accordingly, the present disclosure proposes a method for designing patterns for SIP, CAP, and R2D preamble / midamble / postamble, respectively, in a mutually complementary manner, and an apparatus supporting the same.

[0123] In this disclosure, the SIP (start indicator part) and CAP (clock acquisition part) of the R-TAS (R2D timing acquisition signal) that can be considered in an A-IoT system are proposed as follows.

[0124] 1. SIP (start indicator part)

[0125] The SIP (start indicator part) is the first part to appear in R-TAS and is considered by the device to determine that R-TAS is starting. For example, the following option(s) can be proposed for the R-TAS SIP.

[0126] [Option 1] Within K OFDM symbols (e.g., K≤3), {OFF(≥T CP ), ON, OFF(≥2T OFDM )} or {ON(≥2T OFDM ), OFF, ON(≥T CP )}

[0127] For example, a method can be proposed in which the SIP has a pattern of {OFF, ON, OFF} or {ON, OFF, ON}. In this case, for example, the length of the SIP can be K OFDM symbol lengths, and the value of K can be an OFDM symbol length less than or equal to 3. For example, this has the advantage of having less R-TAS overhead compared to a SIP design using 4 OFDM symbols.

[0128] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a SIP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0129] Referring to FIG. 11(a), in the case of {OFF, ON, OFF}, the first 'OFF' is the CP length (e.g., T CP It can be defined / set to be greater than or equal to ), and the last 'OFF' is 2 OFDM symbols + CP (e.g., 2T OFDM + T CP It can be defined / set to be greater than or equal to the length of ). For example, in other words, the length of the last 'OFF' (e.g., T OFF2, SIP1 ) is the length of the second positioned 'ON' (e.g., T ON, SIP1 It can be defined / set to be greater than twice )

[0130] Referring to Fig. 11(b), in the case of {ON, OFF, ON}, the last 'ON' is the CP length (e.g., T CP It can be defined / set to be greater than or equal to ), and the leading 'ON' is 2 OFDM symbols + CP (e.g., 2T OFDM + T CP It can be defined / set to be greater than or equal to the length of ). For example, in other words, the length of the first 'ON' (e.g., T ON1, SIP1-1) is the length of the second positioned 'OFF' (e.g., T OFF, SIP1-1 It can be defined / set to be greater than twice )

[0131] For example, in Fig. 11(a), the length of T1 is T OFF2, SIP1 2T from OFDM It can be expressed as the value after subtracting, and in Fig. 11 (b), T 1-1 The length of is T ON1, SIP1-1 2T from OFDM It can be expressed as the value after subtracting.

[0132] For example, if the SIP is defined / configured as shown in Fig. 11, there is an advantage in that the ON / OFF pattern constituting the SIP is not corrupted even if, after generating NR OFDM symbols as described above, the last K samples for each OFDM symbol (e.g., when the number of samples excluding the CP in the OFDM symbol is 128, K=9 or 10) are detached and attached as the CP. For example, T OFF1, SIP1 and / or T ON2, SIP1-1 The value is T CP Greater than or equal to, T1 and / or T 1-1 Also T CP Since it is greater than or equal to, the ON / OFF pattern of the SIP can remain intact. Additionally, it has the advantage of always maintaining a fixed OFDM symbol length (e.g., 3 OFDM symbol lengths) and being distinguishable from patterns that may emerge from the PRDCH. For example, the length of OFF2 in SIP1 of Fig. 11 (a) (or the length of ON1 in SIP1-1 of Fig. 11 (b)) is 2T OFDM + T CP It is greater than or equal to, which is a form that cannot appear in PRDCH. Specifically, it can be represented as shown in Figure 12 below.

[0133] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of a data pattern of PRDCH according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0134] For example, when Manchester encoding is considered in PRDCH where M=1 and the data consists of {01} or {10}, 'OFF' as in FIG. 12 (a) and / or 'ON' as in FIG. 12 (b) are up to 2 OFDM symbol lengths (e.g., 2T OFDM It can be represented as much as ).

[0135] For example, as a specific example of the above proposal, one can consider a method of defining / setting the total duration of the SIP as a single OFDM symbol, and the pattern of the chips constituting the SIP can be {OFF, ON, OFF} or {ON, OFF, ON}. For example, the following values ​​can be considered as representative examples for each ON / OFF chip duration. In this case, for instance, when determining the chip duration, it may be determined using the OFDM symbol length including the CP duration, or it may be determined using the OFDM symbol length excluding the CP length.

[0136] Example #1a: The ON / OFF chip duration of the SIP can be defined / set as {OFF, ON, OFF} = {1, 2, 5} chips based on the chip duration for M=8.

[0137] Example #2a: The ON / OFF chip duration of the SIP can be defined / set as {OFF, ON, OFF} = {1, 3, 8} chips based on the chip duration for M=12.

[0138] Example #3a: The ON / OFF chip duration of the SIP can be defined / set as {OFF, ON, OFF} = {3, 4, 9} chips based on the chip duration for M=16.

[0139] Specifically, the example(s) described above can be represented as shown in Fig. 13 below.

[0140] FIG. 13 illustrates an example of designing a SIP configured with a single OFDM symbol according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 13 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0141] FIG. 13(a) shows an example where the OFDM symbol length including the CP interval is used when determining the chip duration, and FIG. 13(b) shows an example where the OFDM symbol length excluding the CP interval is used when determining the chip duration. Additionally, the case where M=8 in FIG. 13(a) and FIG. 13(b) represents the aforementioned example #1a, the case where M=12 in FIG. 13(a) and FIG. 13(b) represents the aforementioned example #2a, and the case where M=16 in FIG. 13(a) and FIG. 13(b) represents the aforementioned example #3a.

[0142] Additionally, for example, one can consider defining / configuring the total duration of the SIP with two OFDM symbols, and the pattern of the chips constituting the SIP can be {OFF, ON, OFF} or {ON, OFF, ON}. For example, the following values ​​can be considered as representative examples for each ON / OFF chip duration. In this case, for example, when determining the chip duration, it can be determined using the OFDM symbol length including the CP duration, or it can be determined using the OFDM symbol length excluding the CP length.

[0143] Example #1b: The ON / OFF chip duration of the SIP can be defined / set as {OFF, ON, OFF} = {2, 4, 10} chips based on the chip duration for M=8.

[0144] Example #2b: The ON / OFF chip duration of the SIP can be defined / set as {OFF, ON, OFF} = {2, 7, 15} chips based on the chip duration for M=12.

[0145] Example #3b: The ON / OFF chip duration of the SIP can be defined / set as {OFF, ON, OFF} = {3, 9, 20} chips based on the chip duration for M=16.

[0146] Specifically, the example(s) described above can be represented as shown in Fig. 14 below.

[0147] FIG. 14 illustrates an example of designing a SIP configured with two OFDM symbols according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0148] FIG. 14(a) shows an example where the OFDM symbol length including the CP interval is used when determining the chip duration, and FIG. 14(b) shows an example where the OFDM symbol length excluding the CP interval is used when determining the chip duration. Additionally, the case where M=8 in FIG. 14(a) and FIG. 14(b) represents the aforementioned example #1b, the case where M=12 in FIG. 14(a) and FIG. 14(b) represents the aforementioned example #2b, and the case where M=16 in FIG. 14(a) and FIG. 14(b) represents the aforementioned example #3b.

[0149] [Option 1A] Within K OFDM symbols (e.g., K≤3), {OFF(≥2T OFDM ), ON, OFF(≥T CP )} or {ON(≥T CP ), OFF, ON(≥2T OFDM )}

[0150] For example, as a variation of the [Option 1] proposed above, a method in which the SIP has a pattern of {OFF, ON, OFF} or {ON, OFF, ON} but the ON / OFF intervals are different can also be considered.

[0151] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a SIP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 15 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0152] Referring to FIG. 15(a), in the case of {OFF, ON, OFF}, the first 'OFF' is 2 OFDM symbols + CP (e.g., 2T OFDM + T CP It can be defined / set to be greater than or equal to the length of ), and the last 'OFF' is the CP length (e.g., T CP It can be defined / set to be greater than or equal to ). For example, in other words, the length of the leading 'OFF' (e.g., T OFF1, SIP1A ) is the length of the second positioned 'ON' (e.g., T ON, SIP1A It can be defined / set to be greater than twice )

[0153] Referring to Fig. 15(b), in the case of {ON, OFF, ON}, the last 'ON' is 2 OFDM symbols + CP (e.g., 2T OFDM + T CP It can be defined / set to be greater than or equal to the length of ), and the leading 'ON' is the CP length (e.g., T CP It can be defined / set to be greater than or equal to ). For example, in other words, the length of the last 'ON' (e.g., T ON2, SIP1-1A ) is the length of the second positioned 'OFF' (e.g., T OFF, SIP1-1A It can be defined / set to be greater than twice )

[0154] For example, T in Fig. 15(a). 1A The length of is T OFF1, SIP1A 2T from OFDM It can be expressed as the value after subtracting, and in Fig. 15(b), T 1-1A The length of is T ON1, SIP1-1A 2T from OFDM It can be expressed as the value after subtracting.

[0155] [Option 2] Within K or more OFDM symbols (e.g., K≥3), {ON, OFF(>2T OFDM )} or {OFF, ON(>2T OFDM )}

[0156] For example, a method can be proposed in which the SIP has a pattern of {ON, OFF} or {OFF, ON}. In this case, for example, the SIP length can be a value slightly larger than the length of K OFDM symbols, and the value of K can be an OFDM symbol length less than or equal to 3. For example, this has the advantage of having less R-TAS overhead compared to a SIP design using 4 OFDM symbols.

[0157] FIG. 16 illustrates an example of a SIP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 16 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0158] Referring to FIG. 16(a), in the case of {ON, OFF}, the last 'OFF' is 2 OFDM symbols + CP (e.g., 2T OFDM + T CP It can be defined / set to be greater than or equal to the length of ). For example, in other words, the length of the last 'OFF' (e.g., T OFF, SIP2 ) is the length of the first 'ON' (e.g., T ON, SIP2 It can be defined to be greater than twice )

[0159] Referring to Fig. 16(b), in the case of {OFF, ON}, the last 'ON' is 2 OFDM symbols + CP (e.g., 2T OFDM + T CP It can be defined / set to be greater than or equal to the length of ). For example, in other words, the length of the last 'ON' (e.g., T ON, SIP2-1 ) is the length of the first 'OFF' (e.g., T OFF, SIP2-1 It can be defined to be greater than twice )

[0160] For example, in Fig. 16(a), the length of T2 is T OFF, SIP2 2T from OFDMIt can be expressed as the value after subtracting, and in Fig. 16 (b), T 2-1 The length of is T ON, SIP2-1 2T from OFDM It can be expressed as the value after subtracting.

[0161] Specifically, for example, T2 and / or T 2-1 The length is, T OFDM / M'(e.g., M'=16, 8, or 4) or T CP + T U It can be proposed as / M'' (e.g., M''=16, 8, or 4), etc. For example, T2 and / or T 2-1 The length is the single OFDM symbol length divided by the number of chips, or the CP length is taken as a base, and additionally the length obtained by subtracting the CP length from the single OFDM symbol length (e.g., T U It can be the value obtained by adding the lengths obtained by dividing ) by the number of chips. For example, as the value of M increases, T2 and / or T 2-1 The length can be defined / set so that it shortens inversely proportional to the value of M. Also, for example, T2 and / or T 2-1 The length can be a value with a margin that allows for distinction even after accounting for clock errors in the device, and from an overall system perspective, there may be a trade-off relationship between false detection performance and R-TAS overhead.

[0162] For example, when defining / configuring a SIP as shown in Fig. 16, similar to the SIP exemplified in Fig. 11, there is an advantage in that the ON / OFF pattern constituting the SIP is not corrupted even if, after generating NR OFDM symbols, the last K samples for each OFDM symbol (e.g., when the number of samples excluding the CP in the OFDM symbol is 128, K=9 or 10) are detached and appended as the CP. Additionally, for example, a fixed OFDM symbol length (e.g., 3 OFDM symbol lengths + T2 and / or T 2-1 It has the advantage of being able to maintain its length and being distinguishable from patterns that can appear in PRDCH.

[0163] [Option 2A] Within K or more OFDM symbols (e.g., K≥3), {ON(>2T OFDM ), OFF} or {OFF(>2T OFDM ), ON}

[0164] For example, as a variation of the [Option 2] proposed above, a method can be proposed in which the SIP has a pattern of {ON, OFF} or {OFF, ON} but the ON / OFF intervals are different.

[0165] FIG. 17 illustrates an example of a SIP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 17 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0166] Referring to FIG. 17(a), in the case of {ON, OFF}, the leading 'ON' consists of 2 OFDM symbols + CP (e.g., 2T OFDM + T CP It can be defined / set to be greater than or equal to the length of ). For example, in other words, the length of the first 'ON' (e.g., T ON, SIP2A ) is the length of the last 'OFF' (e.g., T OFF, SIP2AIt can be defined / set to be greater than twice )

[0167] Referring to Fig. 17(b), in the case of {OFF, ON}, the leading 'OFF' consists of 2 OFDM symbols + CP (e.g., 2T OFDM + T CP It can be defined / set to be greater than or equal to ). For example, in other words, the length of the leading 'OFF' (e.g., T OFF, SIP2-1A ) is the length of the last 'ON' (e.g., T ON, SIP2-1A It can be defined / set to be greater than twice )

[0168] For example, the multiple SIP patterns proposed above can be used for additional information signaling. For example, different SIP patterns can be defined / configured to be used depending on the release (e.g., Rel-19 or Rel-20, etc.). Specifically, for example, [Option 1] can be defined / configured as a SIP used in Rel-19, and [Option 2] can be defined / configured as a SIP used in Rel-20. Alternatively, for example, the {OFF, ON, OFF} pattern among [Option 1] (e.g., SIP1 of FIG. 11 (a)) (or the {ON, OFF} pattern among [Option 2] (e.g., SIP2 of FIG. 16 (a))) may be defined / configured as a SIP used in Rel-19, and the {ON, OFF, ON} pattern among [Option 1] (e.g., SIP1-1 of FIG. 11 (b)) (or the {OFF, ON} pattern among [Option 2] (e.g., SIP2-1 of FIG. 16 (b))) may be defined / configured as a SIP used in Rel-20.

[0169] Alternatively, for example, if a specific ON / OFF pattern is defined / set as a SIP among the methods proposed above, a structure in which the ON / OFF inverse form of the pattern becomes an R2D postamble (or R2D midamble) can also be considered. Specifically, for example, if the {OFF, ON, OFF} pattern of [Option 1] (e.g., SIP1 of FIG. 11 (a)) is defined / set as a SIP of R-TAS, the {ON, OFF, ON} pattern of [Option 1] (e.g., SIP1-1 of FIG. 11 (b)), which is the ON / OFF inverse form of this, can be defined / set as an R2D postamble (or R2D midamble). Alternatively, for example, if the {ON, OFF} pattern of [Option 2] (e.g., SIP2 of FIG. 16 (a)) is defined / set as the SIP of R-TAS, the {OFF, ON} pattern of [Option 2] (e.g., SIP2-1 of FIG. 16 (b)), which is in the form of the ON / OFF inverse, can be defined / set as the R2D post-amble (or R2D mid-amble).

[0170] FIG. 18 illustrates a method for setting an R2D mid-ampl based on SIP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 18 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0171] For example, an R2D transmission may include an R-TAS including a SIP and a CAP, and at least one PRDCH. For example, an R2D X-amble (e.g., R2D preamble, R2D midamble, or R2D postamble) for R2D timing acquisition, etc., may be transmitted before, during, or after the PRDCH transmission. In this case, according to the proposal of the present disclosure described above, the pattern of the R2D X-amble may be set based on the pattern of the SIP. Meanwhile, FIGS. 18 (a) and (b) illustrate a general R2D transmission structure, but for convenience of explanation, only the SIP and the R2D midamble are illustrated, and the proposal of the present disclosure is not limited to the structure of FIGS. 18 (a) and (b).

[0172] Specifically, referring to FIG. 18 (a), when the SIP is set to the {OFF, ON, OFF} pattern, the R2D midamble transmitted during PRDCH transmission after R-TAS can be set to the {ON, OFF, ON} pattern, which is the inverse pattern of the SIP pattern. Alternatively, referring to FIG. 18 (b), when the SIP is set to the {ON, OFF, ON} pattern, the R2D midamble transmitted during PRDCH transmission after R-TAS can be set to the {OFF, ON, OFF} pattern, which is the inverse pattern of the SIP pattern. In this case, for example, as illustrated in FIG. 18 (a) and (b), in a method for setting the pattern of an R2D midamble based on the pattern of a SIP, each element included in the pattern of the R2D midamble may be set to an inverse state of the corresponding element included in the pattern of the SIP (e.g., ON or OFF), and the length of the duration of the corresponding element included in the pattern of the SIP may not be considered.

[0173] For example, the principles required to design the proposed SIP above can be summarized as follows.

[0174] - The SIP can be defined / configured to have at least one ON duration and at least one OFF duration (or, at least two rising edges or at least two falling edges). In this case, for example, the length between the ON duration and the OFF duration can be configured differently.

[0175] - The longer duration among the above ON duration or OFF duration may be configured to be greater than twice the length of the largest chip duration (e.g., 2 OFDM symbols) based on the minimum M value (e.g., M=1).

[0176] - Finally, to reduce resource overhead, it can be configured with a minimum number of OFDM symbols (e.g., 3 OFDM symbols).

[0177] 2. CAP(clock acquisition part)

[0178] For example, the CAP (clock acquisition part) is a section located immediately following the SIP (start indicator part) in R-TAS, and can be used to set or indicate the chip duration to be used in the subsequent PRDCH. Therefore, the CAP can start from the end of the proposed SIP. For example, when applying the SIP of [Option 1] proposed above, the CAP can be defined / configured to start at the OFDM symbol boundary, and when applying the SIP of [Option 2] proposed above, a specific start offset value from the OFDM symbol boundary (e.g., the proposed T2 and / or T 2-1Transmission can be defined / configured to start by applying ). For example, in other words, the location where the CAP is transmitted is a specific start offset from the OFDM symbol boundary (e.g., the proposed T2 and / or T above). 2-1 It can have ), or the corresponding start offset value may be 0.

[0179] Meanwhile, for example, the role of CAP is the chip duration to be used in the subsequent PRDCH (e.g., T C This indicates ), and the chip duration to be used for the corresponding PRDCH can be obtained by the device based on two adjacent rising edges (or two falling edges) created through the ON / OFF patterns constituting the CAP. In this case, for example, Manchester encoding is applied to the PRDCH, and the chip duration of the PRDCH can be determined according to the applied M value. For example, 1 / M OFDM symbol length (= (1 / M) T OFDM It can be ). Or, for example, 1 / M (OFDM symbol length - CP length)(= (1 / M) T U ) can be. Hereinafter, in the present disclosure, the chip duration of PRDCH is (1 / M) T OFDM It is proposed with consideration as follows.

[0180] For example, as shown below, a CAP consisting of a {ON, OFF, ON, OFF} pattern or a {OFF, ON, OFF, ON} pattern can be proposed.

[0181] FIG. 19 illustrates an example of a CAP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 19 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0182] For example, a CAP (CAP1, CAP1-1 of FIG. 19) composed of a {ON, OFF, ON, OFF} pattern as in FIG. 19 (a) or a {OFF, ON, OFF, ON} pattern as in FIG. 19 (b) can be proposed. In this case, for example, to indicate the chip duration for M=1, the distance between two adjacent rising edges (or two falling edges) must be a single OFDM symbol length. Therefore, the total length of the CAP can be defined / set to be greater than a single OFDM symbol length and less than or equal to two OFDM symbol lengths. For example, the above proposal can be represented as in FIG. 18.

[0183] Referring to FIG. 19, the SIP used is the SIP of [Option 2] proposed above (e.g., SIP2, SIP2-1). Here, it can be defined / configured so that an ON / OFF transmission must occur between the SIP termination time and the CAP start time. The reason for this definition is to ensure the first rising edge (or first falling edge) when the CAP starts after the SIP terminates. For example, as shown in FIG. 19, SIP2 can be used with CAP1 (see FIG. 19 (a)), and SIP2-1 can be used with CAP1-1 (see FIG. 19 (b)).

[0184] For example, as shown in FIG. 19, it can be seen that the spacing between two adjacent rising edges (and / or two falling edges) created by the ON, OFF pattern forming the CAP (CAP1, CAP1-1 in FIG. 19) is set to be equal to the chip duration of the subsequent PRDCH. For example, the device can define / set the chip duration of the PRDCH to be obtained directly without separate calculation by checking the CAP.

[0185] For example, in a slightly different expression similar to the above proposal, when the maximum duration of the CAP is 2 OFDM symbols and the last chip of the SIP is OFF, the ON / OFF pattern constituting the CAP can be {ON, OFF, ON, OFF, ON}, and the ON chip duration and OFF chip duration of the CAP can be different. Additionally, for example, for CP handling, the first ON chip duration can be defined / set to be greater than or equal to the CP length.

[0186] Alternatively, for example, when the maximum duration of the CAP is 2 OFDM symbols and the last chip of the SIP is ON, the ON / OFF pattern constituting the CAP can be {OFF, ON, OFF, ON, OFF}, and the ON chip duration and OFF chip duration of the CAP can be different. Also, for example, for CP handling, the first OFF chip duration can be defined / set to be greater than or equal to the CP length.

[0187] FIG. 20 illustrates an example of a CAP design according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 20 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0188] Referring to FIG. 20, when the chip duration of the CAP is defined as M=8 based on the OFDM symbol length including the CP length, the chip duration of each {ON, OFF, ON, OFF, ON} pattern of FIG. 20 (a) or the {OFF, ON, OFF, ON, OFF} pattern of FIG. 20 (b) can be a {1, 5, 3, 5, 2} chip.

[0189] FIG. 21 illustrates an example of a CAP design according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 21 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0190] Referring to FIG. 21, when the chip duration of the CAP is defined as M=8 based on the OFDM symbol length excluding the CP length, the chip duration of each {ON, OFF, ON, OFF, ON} pattern of FIG. 21 (a) or the {OFF, ON, OFF, ON, OFF} pattern of FIG. 21 (b) can be a {1, 5, 3, 5, 2} chip. Alternatively, for example, based on a pattern that falls within a single OFDM symbol, the chip duration of each {ON, OFF, ON} pattern of FIG. 21 (a) or the {OFF, ON, OFF} pattern of FIG. 21 (a) can be a {1, 5, 2} chip.

[0191] Alternatively, for example, a CAP consisting of a {ON, OFF, ON} pattern or a {OFF, ON, OFF} pattern can be proposed as follows.

[0192] FIG. 22 illustrates an example of a CAP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 22 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0193] For example, a CAP (CAP2, CAP2-1 of FIG. 22) composed of the {ON, OFF, ON} pattern of FIG. 22 (a) or the {OFF, ON, OFF} pattern of FIG. 22 (b) can be proposed. For example, this method can be defined / configured such that there are more rising edges than falling edges, or more falling edges than rising edges. For example, this method can be applied to support the operation in which the first chip is mapped from the midpoint of the OFDM symbol in the PRDCH. Additionally, a method can be considered to obtain the interval between two adjacent rising edges (and / or two falling edges) generated by the ON, OFF pattern forming the CAP, and to obtain the chip duration of the PRDCH through simple calculations. For example, the above proposal can be represented as shown in FIG. 22. In this case, for example, the SIP proposed in [Option 2] above may be used.

[0194] For example, as illustrated in FIG. 22, the interval between two adjacent rising edges (and / or two falling edges) generated by the ON / OFF pattern forming the CAP (CAP2, CAP2-1 in FIG. 22) is one OFDM symbol length, but since the M value of PRDCH is 2, it can be seen that the chip duration of PRDCH is half the OFDM symbol length. Thus, for example, instead of directly setting the chip duration of PRDCH through the CAP, it may be proposed to obtain the chip duration through additional calculations in the device. For example, in the above example, the interval between two adjacent rising edges (and / or two falling edges) is obtained, and half of that interval is taken (e.g., simply 1 / 2 * T OFDM or 1 / 2*T U The chip duration of the PRDCH can be defined / configured to be obtained. For example, the computational operations that such a device must perform can be predefined in the specifications. Meanwhile, for example, in the case of the proposed method above, a situation can be assumed where all target devices of the R2D transmission can operate based on rising edge detection (or all based on falling edge detection).

[0195] Additionally, a PRDCH following a CAP consisting of, for example, a {ON, OFF, ON, OFF} pattern or a {OFF, ON, OFF, ON} pattern may be applied to support an operation in which the first chip is mapped from the midpoint of the OFDM symbol (for example, in other words, an operation in which the odd-numbered chips of the PRDCH (e.g., chip index = 0, ..., M-1) are mapped to start from the OFDM symbol boundary). To this end, padding may be defined / set, for example, between the end point of the CAP transmission and the start point of the PRDCH transmission. In this case, for example, the padding value may be defined / set to the same value as the CP state (e.g., the same value as the last chip state (e.g., ON or OFF) of the OFDM symbol performing the padding). For example, characteristically, the padding may also be interpreted as an extension of the CAP. For example, if the value of M in PRDCH is large (e.g., M=16 or greater) and multiple ON and OFF states exist within the CP, the last state of the CP (or the value of the last Nth state among the N chip states after copying the last N chip states of the corresponding OFDM symbol performing padding to the CP position) can be defined / configured to be used as padding.

[0196] FIG. 23 illustrates an example of a CAP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 23 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0197] For example, for a CAP (CAP2, CAP2-1 in FIG. 23) composed of the {ON, OFF, ON, OFF} pattern of FIG. 23 (a) or the {OFF, ON, OFF, ON} pattern of FIG. 23 (b), similar to the method previously proposed, in order to indicate the chip duration for M=2, the distance between two adjacent rising edges (see FIG. 23 (a)) (or two falling edges (see FIG. 23 (b))) must be half the length of the OFDM symbol. Thus, for example, the total length of the CAP can be defined / set to be greater than half the length of the OFDM symbol and less than or equal to the length of one OFDM symbol. For example, the above proposal can be represented as in FIG. 23. In this case, for example, the SIP can be the SIP of the proposed [Option 2] (e.g., SIP2, SIP2-1).

[0198] For example, as illustrated in FIG. 23, it can be seen that the interval between two adjacent rising edges (see FIG. 23 (a)) (and / or two falling edges (see FIG. 23 (b)) created by the ON, OFF pattern forming the CAP is set to be equal to the chip duration of the subsequent PRDCH. For example, the device can define / set the chip duration of the PRDCH to be obtained directly without separate calculation by checking the CAP.

[0199] FIG. 24 illustrates an example of a CAP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 24 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0200] For example, to indicate the chip duration using a CAP (CAP2, CAP2-1 of FIG. 24) composed of the {ON, OFF, ON, OFF} pattern of FIG. 24 (a) or the {OFF, ON, OFF, ON} pattern of FIG. 24 (b), a method can be applied to obtain the interval between two adjacent rising edges (see FIG. 24 (a)) (and / or two falling edges (see FIG. 24 (b)) created by the ON, OFF pattern forming the CAP, and to obtain the chip duration of the PRDCH through simple calculations. For example, the above proposal can be represented as in FIG. 24. In this case, for example, the SIP can be the SIP of the proposed [Option 2] (e.g., SIP2, SIP2-1). In this case, for example, the SIP can be the SIP of the proposed [Option 2].

[0201] For example, as illustrated in FIG. 24, the interval between two adjacent rising edges (see FIG. 24 (a)) (and / or two falling edges (see FIG. 24 (b))) created by the ON / OFF pattern forming the CAP is one OFDM symbol length, but the M value of PRDCH is 2, and the chip duration of PRDCH is half the OFDM symbol length. For example, in the above example, the interval between two adjacent rising edges (see FIG. 24 (a)) (and / or two falling edges (see FIG. 24 (b))) is obtained, and half of that interval is taken (e.g., simply 1 / 2 * T OFDM or 1 / 2*T U) It can be defined / configured by obtaining the chip duration of PRDCH. For example, the operation that this device must perform can be predefined in the specification.

[0202] For example, the principles required to design the proposed CAP above can be summarized as follows.

[0203] - You can define / set that there are at least three ON / OFF durations or at least four ON / OFF durations within the CAP.

[0204] - Among the three or four ON / OFF durations mentioned above, at least two may be ON durations and the remainder OFF durations, or conversely, at least two may be OFF durations and the remainder ON durations.

[0205] - To reduce resource overhead, the ON / OFF duration within the CAP can be configured with a chip duration (e.g., the interval between adjacent rising edges and falling edges) that is smaller than or equal to the chip duration (e.g., the interval between adjacent rising edges and falling edges) based on the M value of PRDCH.

[0206] - To align the start of the PRDCH signal mapping with the OFDM symbol boundary, the CAP interval can be configured to end at the OFDM symbol boundary.

[0207] Meanwhile, the present disclosure proposes a method for setting the length of CAP according to the value of M based on the SIP (start indicator part) and CAP (clock acquisition part) of R-TAS (R2D timing acquisition signal) as follows.

[0208] 1. Length of CAP for different M values

[0209] FIG. 25 illustrates an example of a CAP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 25 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0210] For example, when using a method that indicates the chip duration based on the M value of PRDCH via a CAP, the chip duration of PRDCH can be represented by continuously reducing the length of the ON and OFF patterns forming the CAP as the M value of PRDCH increases. For example, T CAP The value is 1T OFDM In this case, the number of rising edges / falling edges generated by the ON / OFF pattern forming the CAP may increase as the value of M increases. Here, for example, the number of rising edges / falling edges is the length T between adjacent edges of the CAP. C The value, the M value of PRDCH, the T2 (or T2-1) value of SIP, and T CP It can be determined by the value. Specifically, for example, the number of rising edges is [{(T OFDM - T2 - T CP )} / (2T C It can be )}], and the number of falling edges is [{(T OFDM - T2 - T CP - T C )} / (2T C It can be )}]. For example, the above proposal can be represented as shown in FIG. 25.

[0211] Additionally, for example, the M value of PRDCH is a specific M value (e.g., M THWhen it becomes larger than ), the number of ON / OFF patterns forming the CAP increases (e.g., the ON / OFF duration becomes shorter), which can cause many ON / OFF transitions to occur even at the end of the OFDM symbol. In this case, if the last N samples of the OFDM symbol are copied and attached to the very beginning of the OFDM symbol to act as a CP, many unnecessary ON / OFF transitions may occur between the SIP and the CAP (e.g., the CP value at the beginning of the OFDM symbol occupied by the CAP may not be maintained as ON or OFF). Therefore, for example, if the M value of PRDCH is a specific M (e.g., M TH If it becomes larger than ), and if CAP is repeated, some of the last rising / falling edges of CAP may be extinguished (or dropped) (to maintain the CP relationship). For example, M TH When α is 4, when a CAP that supports 2 rising edges and 2 falling edges (e.g., represented as {ON, OFF, ON, OFF}) is repeated 2 times within a single OFDM symbol, the last X rising edge(s) and Y falling edge(s) within the OFDM symbol may be extinguished (or dropped) in order to maintain the CP relationship after the repetition. Consequently, assuming that the number of rising / falling edges forming the CAP before the repetition is {r, f}, the number of rising / falling edges after repeating the CAP N times may be less than {N·r, N·f}.

[0212] However, for example, if the M value is large, the CAP becomes too short, which may cause problems for the device in performing rising edge (or falling edge) detection. Therefore, for example, a specific length (e.g., single OFDM symbol length) or a specific M value (e.g., M TH Up to ) etc., it supports an operation of continuously reducing the length of the ON, OFF pattern forming the CAP, and the CAP length is a specific length (e.g., T CAP,min =1T OFDM If it becomes shorter than ), or the M value to be used in PRDCH is a specific M value (e.g., M TH If it becomes larger than ), a method of repeatedly transmitting the CAP to fill it into a specific length (e.g., a single OFDM symbol length) can be considered.

[0213] FIG. 26 illustrates an example of the repeated transmission of a CAP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 26 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0214] For example, when M=1 in PRDCH, T CAP =2T OFDM and T CAP,min =1T OFDM If so, M TH =4(M TH is (T CAP,1 / M) < T CAP,min It can be the smallest integer M satisfying . For example, depending on the value of M thereafter, T CAP,M The value can be determined. For example, M is M TH If less than 4 (e.g., M=1, 2), T CAP,M The value is 2T OFDM It can be a value less than or equal to / M, and M is M THIf = is greater than or equal to 4 (e.g., M≥4), the repetition number can be N=M / 2, and T CAP,M The value is N(2T OFDM It can be a value less than or equal to / M). For example, the above proposal can be represented as shown in FIGS. 25 and FIGS. 26. Specifically, for example, FIGS. 25 (a) and (b) show an example where the CAP is defined / set as a single transmission when M=1 and M=2 of PRDCH, and FIG. 26 shows an example where the CAP is defined / set as a repeated transmission (N=2) when M=4 of PRDCH.

[0215] For example, when the CAP is repeated N times as described above, a method of providing additional information by performing an orthogonal cover code (OCC) in the repeated area can also be considered. For example, when N=4, the OCC values ​​for each repetition can be applied as {0, 0, 0, 1}, {0, 0, 1, 0}, etc. Through such information, information related to the chip duration or release of the PDRCH, or information regarding the type of device that needs to receive the corresponding PRDCH, can be provided. In this case, for example, if the OCC value is 1, the ON / OFF pattern of the repeated CAP can be defined / configured to remain unchanged, and if the OCC value is 0, the ON / OFF pattern of the repeated CAP can be defined / configured to be inverse.

[0216] Additionally, for example, the M value used in PRDCH is a specific M (e.g., M TH It can be defined / configured to perform the operation of continuously shortening the length of the ON, OFF pattern forming the CAP and repeating the operation until it becomes ), and the M value used in PRDCH is a specific M (e.g., M THIn cases where it becomes larger than ), a method of additional information signaling through repeated ON and OFF patterns can be considered without further reducing the length of the ON and OFF patterns forming the CAP.

[0217] For example, the value M for obtaining the chip duration used in PRDCH can be defined / set as being obtained by multiplying the value M', obtained through the rising edge (and / or falling edge) generated by the ON / OFF pattern forming the CAP, by a separately signaled value K. For example, it can be defined / set as M = M'·K. In this case, for example, the separately signaled value K can be indicated as follows.

[0218] (Method #1) For example, M used in PRDCH is a specific value (e.g., M TH When it is greater than =12), the reader's ON, OFF pattern forming the CAP is M = M THThe value of K can be indicated through a pattern of CAP that is composed of a smaller value (e.g., 8) and repeated (e.g., N=4). In this case, for example, if the OCC value of the CAP's repetition pattern is {0, 0, 0, 0} (e.g., the {ON, OFF, ON, OFF} pattern remains the same for all 4 repetitions), it can be excluded because it indicates M=8. In this disclosure, it is proposed that when the OCC value of the repetition pattern is 0, the ON, OFF pattern remains unchanged, and when the OCC value is 1, the ON, OFF pattern is inversely represented (conversely, a method in which the ON, OFF pattern remains unchanged when the OCC value of the repetition pattern is 1, and a method in which the ON, OFF pattern is inversely represented when the OCC value is 0 may also be possible).

[0219] Specifically, for example, if the OCC value of the repetition pattern of CAP is {0, 0, 0, 1} (e.g., the {ON, OFF, ON, OFF} pattern remains the same for the first 3 times and is defined / set as the {OFF, ON, OFF, ON} pattern for the last time), K=1.5 can be indicated. In this case, for example, the device can obtain 8 as the M' value and 1.5 as K to obtain a final M value of 12.

[0220] Alternatively, for example, if the OCC value of the repetition pattern of CAP is {0, 0, 1, 0} (e.g., the {ON, OFF, ON, OFF} pattern remains the same for the first two times, the third repetition transmission is defined / set as the {OFF, ON, OFF, ON} pattern, and the last repetition transmission is defined / set as the {ON, OFF, ON, OFF} pattern), K=2 can be indicated. In this case, for example, the device can obtain 8 as the M' value and 2 as K to obtain a final M value of 16.

[0221] Alternatively, for example, if the OCC value of the repetition pattern of CAP is {0, 0, 1, 1} (e.g., the {ON, OFF, ON, OFF} pattern remains the same for the first two times, and the last two repetition transmissions are defined / set as the {OFF, ON, OFF, ON} pattern), K=3 may be indicated. In this case, for example, the device may obtain 8 as the M' value and 3 as K to obtain the final M value of 24.

[0222] Alternatively, for example, if the OCC value of the repetition pattern of CAP is {0, 1, 0, 0} (e.g., the {ON, OFF, ON, OFF} pattern remains the same for the first time, the next repetition transmission is defined / set as the {OFF, ON, OFF, ON} pattern, and the last two repetition transmissions are defined / set as the {ON, OFF, ON, OFF} pattern again), K=4 can be indicated. For example, the device can obtain 8 as the M' value and 3 as K to obtain a final M value of 24.

[0223] (Method #2) For example, M used in PRDCH is a specific value (e.g., M TH When it is greater than =12), the reader's ON, OFF pattern forming the CAP is M = MTH The K value can be indicated through a pattern of CAP that is composed of a smaller value (e.g., 8) and repeats (e.g., N=4). In this case, for example, if the OCC value of the repeating pattern of CAP is {0, 0, 0, 0} (e.g., the {ON, OFF, ON, OFF} pattern remains the same 4 times), it can be excluded because it indicates M=8. Subsequently, for the OCC values ​​of the repeating pattern of CAP {0, 0, 0, 1}, {0, 0, 1, 0}, {0, 0, 1, 1}, and {0, 1, 0, 0} respectively, the table indices 0, 1, 2, and 3 can be defined / set to indicate, and multiple tables can be predefined / set according to the M' value of the ON, OFF pattern forming the CAP. For example, if the table is defined / set when M' is 8, it can be defined / set as shown in Table 3 below. Subsequently, the device can obtain the M value of PRDCH by multiplying the M' value by the K value.

[0224] IndexK01.5122334

[0225] Alternatively, for example, a method of directly specifying the M value of PRDCH for each repeating pattern of CAP can also be considered. For example, if the table is defined / set when M' is 8, it can be defined / set as shown in Table 4 below.

[0226] Repeating pattern OCCM{0, 0, 0, 1}12{0, 0, 1, 0}16{0, 0, 1, 1}24{0, 1, 0, 0}32

[0227] For example, in the method(s) proposed in the present disclosure, the timing value that is predefined / set and / or set / indicated by the reader may be set in units of chip(s), codeword(s), NR OFDM symbol(s), or NR slot, or may be set / indicated to a time unit (e.g., Tc) after defining a time unit for A-IoT, or set / indicated to a multiple of that time unit, etc.

[0228] For example, the expression OCC as used in the present disclosure may mean a general codeword or bit sequence (with or without orthogonality).

[0229] FIG. 27 illustrates a method in which a first device performs wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 27 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0230] Referring to FIG. 27, at step S2710, a first device (e.g., an A-IoT device or an EH device) may receive an R-TAS (reader to device timing acquisition signal) including a SIP (start indicator part) and a CAP (clock acquisition part) from a second device (e.g., a reader). At step S2720, the first device may receive a PRDCH (physical reader to device channel) from the reader. For example, a midamble or postamble pattern associated with the PRDCH may be set as the inverse of a pattern associated with the SIP.

[0231] For example, based on whether each element included in the pattern associated with the SIP is an ON duration or an OFF duration, each element included in the pattern of the midamble or the postamble can be set as the inverse of each element included in the pattern associated with the SIP.

[0232] For example, among at least one on-duration and at least one off-duration included in the pattern associated with the above SIP, the length of the first on-duration or off-duration is greater than or equal to the length of the CP (cyclic prefix), and the length of the last on-duration or off-duration may be greater than or equal to the sum of the lengths of two symbols and the CP.

[0233] For example, among at least one on-duration and at least one off-duration included in the pattern associated with the SIP, the length of the first on-duration or off-duration is greater than or equal to the sum of the lengths of two symbols and the length of CP, and the length of the last on-duration or off-duration may be greater than or equal to the length of CP.

[0234] For example, based on whether each element included in the pattern associated with the SIP is on duration or off duration, the length of the last element among the three elements included in the pattern associated with the SIP may be greater than twice the length of the second element.

[0235] For example, based on whether each element included in the pattern associated with the SIP is on duration or off duration, the length of the first element among the three elements included in the pattern associated with the SIP may be greater than twice the length of the second element.

[0236] For example, based on the fact that at least one on-duration and at least one off-duration included in the pattern associated with the CAP are arranged alternately, the chip duration associated with the PRDCH can be set to at least one of the interval between on-durations or the interval between off-durations.

[0237] For example, based on (i) at least one on-duration and at least one off-duration included in the pattern associated with the CAP are arranged alternately, and (ii) the number of the at least one on-duration and the number of the at least one off-duration are different, the first chip associated with the PRDCH may be located within an OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) symbol. For example, based on the number of the at least one on-duration being greater than the number of the at least one off-duration, the chip duration associated with the PRDCH may be set to a value obtained by dividing the interval between the on-durations by the number of chips associated with the PRDCH within the OFDM symbol. Or, for example, based on the number of the at least one off-duration being greater than the number of the at least one on-duration, the chip duration associated with the PRDCH may be set to a value obtained by dividing the interval between the off-durations by the number of chips associated with the PRDCH within the OFDM symbol.

[0238] For example, padding may be set between the end of the CAP and the start of the PRDCH based on the fact that the first chip among one or more chips associated with the PRDCH is located within the OFDM symbol. For example, the padding may be set based on a value equal to the on-duration or off-duration set in the CP of the OFDM symbol. For example, at least one on-duration and at least one off-duration may be alternately arranged in the CP of the OFDM symbol based on the fact that the number of chips associated with the PRDCH is greater than a threshold value. For example, the padding may be set based on the last value among the at least one on-duration and the at least one off-duration included in the CP.

[0239] The proposed method above may be applied to a device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. First, a processor (102) of a first device (e.g., an A-IoT device or an EH device) (100) may control a transceiver (106) to receive an R-TAS (reader to device timing acquisition signal) including a SIP (start indicator part) and a CAP (clock acquisition part) from a second device (e.g., a reader). Then, the processor (102) of the first device (e.g., an A-IoT device or an EH device) (100) may control a transceiver (106) to receive a PRDCH (physical reader to device channel) from a second device (e.g., a reader). For example, a pattern of midamble or postamble associated with the PRDCH may be set as the inverse of a pattern associated with the SIP.

[0240] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a device configured to perform wireless communication may be provided. For example, the device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the device to: receive an R-TAS (reader to device timing acquisition signal) including a SIP (start indicator part) and a CAP (clock acquisition part) from a reader; and receive a PRDCH (physical reader to device channel) from the reader. For example, a midamble or postamble pattern associated with the PRDCH may be set as the inverse of a pattern associated with the SIP.

[0241] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions may cause the device to: receive an R-TAS (reader to device timing acquisition signal) including a SIP (start indicator part) and a CAP (clock acquisition part) from a reader; and receive a PRDCH (physical reader to device channel) from the reader. For example, a midamble or postamble pattern associated with the PRDCH may be set as the inverse of a pattern associated with the SIP.

[0242] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium recording instructions may be provided. For example, when the instructions are executed, the device may: receive an R-TAS (reader to device timing acquisition signal) including a SIP (start indicator part) and a CAP (clock acquisition part) from a reader; and receive a PRDCH (physical reader to device channel) from the reader. For example, a midamble or postamble pattern associated with the PRDCH may be set as the inverse of a pattern associated with the SIP.

[0243] FIG. 28 illustrates a method in which a second device performs wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 28 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of said embodiments may be omitted.

[0244] Referring to FIG. 28, in step S2810, a second device (e.g., a reader) may transmit an R-TAS (reader to device timing acquisition signal) including a SIP (start indicator part) and a CAP (clock acquisition part) to a first device (e.g., an A-IoT device or an EH device). In step S2820, the second device (e.g., a reader) may transmit a PRDCH (physical reader to device channel) to the first device (e.g., an A-IoT device or an EH device). For example, the pattern of the midamble or postamble associated with the PRDCH may be set as the inverse of the pattern associated with the SIP.

[0245] The proposed method above may be applied to a device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. First, a processor (202) of a second device (e.g., a reader) (200) may control a transceiver (206) to transmit an R-TAS (reader to device timing acquisition signal) including a SIP (start indicator part) and a CAP (clock acquisition part) to a first device (e.g., an A-IoT device or an EH device). Then, the processor (202) of the second device (e.g., a reader) (200) may control a transceiver (206) to transmit a PRDCH (physical reader to device channel) to the first device (e.g., an A-IoT device or an EH device). For example, a pattern of midamble or postamble associated with the PRDCH may be set as the inverse of a pattern associated with the SIP.

[0246] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a reader configured to perform wireless communication may be provided. For example, the reader may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, based on the instructions executed by the at least one processor, the reader may: transmit to a device an R-TAS (reader to device timing acquisition signal) including a SIP (start indicator part) and a CAP (clock acquisition part); and transmit to the device a PRDCH (physical reader to device channel). For example, a midamble or postamble pattern associated with the PRDCH may be set as the inverse of a pattern associated with the SIP.

[0247] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a reader may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, based on the instructions executed by the at least one processor, the reader may: transmit to the device an R-TAS (reader to device timing acquisition signal) including a SIP (start indicator part) and a CAP (clock acquisition part); and transmit to the device a PRDCH (physical reader to device channel). For example, a midamble or postamble pattern associated with the PRDCH may be set as the inverse of a pattern associated with the SIP.

[0248] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable storage medium recording instructions may be provided. For example, when the instructions are executed, the reader may cause a reader to: transmit to a device an R-TAS (reader to device timing acquisition signal) including a SIP (start indicator part) and a CAP (clock acquisition part); and transmit to the device a PRDCH (physical reader to device channel). For example, a midamble or postamble pattern associated with the PRDCH may be set as the inverse of a pattern associated with the SIP.

[0249] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, patterns for SIP, CAP, and R2D preamble / midamble / postamble can be designed to be mutually complementary. In particular, for example, by defining / setting at least one pattern among the R2D preamble / midamble / postamble related to R2D transmission based on the pattern of SIP, the problems of the aforementioned prior art can be effectively solved. Specifically, for example, by setting the pattern of the R2D preamble / midamble / postamble in conjunction with the pattern of SIP, the pattern structure between different R2D signals can be more clearly distinguished, and as a result, from the perspective of a receiving device, it is easier to distinguish or detect which section is SIP, CAP, or R2D preamble / midamble / postamble. Alternatively, for example, even in the case of low-power A-IoT devices that identify signals based on simple energy detection, utilizing R2D preamble / midamble / postamble patterns associated with SIP patterns enables more reliable signal detection based on clear correlations between R2D signals, thereby improving signal detection performance. Alternatively, for example, since the R2D preamble / midamble / postamble patterns are configured based on SIP patterns, it becomes possible to optimize the patterns complementarily according to specific operating environments or scenarios, thereby enhancing system flexibility. Furthermore, for example, instead of separately configuring independent / individual patterns for each of the R2D preamble / midamble / postamble, common patterns can be configured based on SIP patterns, which reduces the number of configuration parameters to manage, lowers configuration complexity, and consequently improves system operational efficiency.

[0250] Various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with one another.

[0251] The following describes an apparatus to which various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied.

[0252] Although not limited to this, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connection (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0253] Examples are provided in more detail below with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings and descriptions, the same reference numerals may represent the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or function blocks unless otherwise described.

[0254] FIG. 29 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 29 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0255] Referring to FIG. 29, a communication system (1) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Thing) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with wireless communication functions, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing inter-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone) and / or an Aerial Vehicle (AV) (e.g., Advanced Air Mobility). The XR device includes an Augmented Reality (AR) / Virtual Reality (VR) / Mixed Reality (MR) device and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. For example, a base station and a network may be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0256] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of this specification may include LTE, NR, and 6G, as well as Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. For example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology and may be implemented according to standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, but is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally, or generally, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of this specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. For example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and may be referred to by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally or generally, wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of this specification may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) for low-power communication, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. As an example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PANs) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to by various names.

[0257] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) through a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology may be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) through the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, or a 6G network. Wireless devices (100a to 100f) may communicate with each other through the base station (200) / network (300), but they may also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to everything) communication). Also, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0258] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base station (200) and base station (200) / base station (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication), and inter-base station communication (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul)). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to / from each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, based on the various proposals of the present disclosure, at least some of the following may be performed: various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), resource allocation processes, etc.

[0259] FIG. 30 shows a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 30 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0260] Referring to FIG. 30, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} may correspond to {wireless device (100x), base station (200)} and / or {wireless device (100x), wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 29.

[0261] The first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memory (104) and / or transceivers (106) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or sequences of operation disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information within the memory (104) to generate a first information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the first information / signal through the transceiver (106). Additionally, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal containing a second information / signal through the transceiver (106) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequence diagrams disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (106) may be combined with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0262] The second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202) and one or more memories (204), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memory (204) and / or transceivers (206) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or sequences of operation disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information within the memory (204) to generate a third information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the third information / signal through the transceiver (206). Additionally, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal containing a fourth information / signal through the transceiver (206) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the fourth information / signal in the memory (204). Memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, memory (204) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). A transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (206) may be interchangeable with an RF unit. In this disclosure, a wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0263] For example, the transceiver (106, 206) may include not only a circuit that directly generates and transmits a wireless signal, but also a circuit that modulates and reflects (backscatters) the incident wireless signal.

[0264] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate a signal (e.g., baseband signal) containing a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this document and provide it to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) may receive a signal (e.g., baseband signal) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and may obtain a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document.

[0265] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be contained in one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and driven by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions, and / or sets of instructions.

[0266] One or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories (104, 204) may be composed of ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drive, registers, cache memory, computer read storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories (104, 204) may be located inside and / or outside of one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, one or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) through various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0267] One or more transceivers (106, 206) may transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., of this document to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) may receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., disclosed in this document from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document through one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert the received wireless signal / channel, etc. from an RF band signal to a baseband signal in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signal / channel, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed using one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. To this end, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0268] FIG. 31 shows a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 31 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0269] Referring to FIG. 31, the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050), and a signal generator (1060). Although not limited thereto, the operation / function of FIG. 31 may be performed in the processor (102, 202) and / or transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 30. The hardware elements of FIG. 31 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) and / or transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 30. For example, blocks 1010 through 1060 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 30. Additionally, blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 30, and block 1060 may be implemented in the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 30.

[0270] The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 31. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block may include a transmission block (e.g., UL-SCH transmission block, DL-SCH transmission block). The wireless signal can be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., PUSCH, PDSCH).

[0271] Specifically, a codeword can be converted into a scrambled bit sequence by a scrambler (1010). The scrambled sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, which may include ID information of a wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (1020). The modulation method may include pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (1030). The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (1040) (precoding). The output z of the precoder (1040) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (1030) by an N*M precoding matrix W. Here, N is the number of antenna ports and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on the complex modulation symbols. Additionally, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0272] A resource mapper (1050) can map the modulation symbols of each antenna port to a time-frequency resource. The time-frequency resource may include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A signal generator (1060) generates a radio signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (1060) may include an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0273] The signal processing process for a received signal in a wireless device can be configured as the inverse of the signal processing process (1010–1060) of FIG. 31. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100, 200 in FIG. 30) can receive a wireless signal from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received wireless signal can be converted into a baseband signal through a signal restorer. To this end, the signal restorer may include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) module. Subsequently, the baseband signal can be restored into a codeword through a resource de-mapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a de-scrambling process. The codeword can be restored into the original information block through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.

[0274] FIG. 32 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use-example / service (see FIG. 29). The embodiment of FIG. 32 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0275] Referring to FIG. 32, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 30 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and additional elements (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 30. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 30. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and additional elements (140) and controls the general operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on a program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). Additionally, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110) in the memory unit (130).

[0276] The additional element (140) can be configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 29, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 29, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 29, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 29, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 29, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 29, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or financial device), a security device, a climate / environment device, an AI server / device (Fig. 29, 400), a base station (Fig. 29, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices can be used in a movable or fixed location depending on the use—e.g., service.

[0277] In FIG. 32, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be entirely interconnected via a wired interface, or at least partially connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be connected via a wire, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be connected wirelessly via the communication unit (110). Additionally, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may include one or more additional elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more sets of processors. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of RAM (Random Access Memory), DRAM (Dynamic RAM), ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory and / or a combination thereof.

[0278] Hereinafter, an implementation example of FIG. 32 will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0279] FIG. 33 illustrates a portable device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart glasses), a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The portable device may be referred to as a Mobile Station (MS), a User Terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or a Wireless Terminal (WT). The embodiment of FIG. 33 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0280] Referring to FIG. 33, the portable device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140a), an interface unit (140b), and an input / output unit (140c). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c each correspond to blocks 110 to 130 / 140 of FIG. 32.

[0281] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (120) can control the components of the portable device (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) may include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit (130) can store data / parameters / programs / code / commands required for the operation of the portable device (100). Additionally, the memory unit (130) can store input / output data / information, etc. The power supply unit (140a) supplies power to the portable device (100) and may include wired / wireless charging circuits, batteries, etc. The interface unit (140b) can support the connection between the portable device (100) and other external devices. The interface unit (140b) may include various ports (e.g., audio input / output ports, video input / output ports) for connection with external devices. The input / output unit (140c) can receive or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input from a user. The input / output unit (140c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140d), a speaker and / or a haptic module, etc.

[0282] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit (140c) acquires information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input from the user, and the acquired information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130). The communication unit (110) converts the information / signals stored in the memory into wireless signals and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to another wireless device or to a base station. Additionally, the communication unit (110) can receive wireless signals from another wireless device or base station and then restore the received wireless signals to their original information / signals. The restored information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130) and then output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input / output unit (140c).

[0283] The claims described in this specification may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims in this specification may be combined to be implemented as a method.

Claims

1. Regarding the method, The device receives an R-TAS (reader to device timing acquisition signal) including a SIP (start indicator part) and a CAP (clock acquisition part) from a reader; and The above device includes the step of receiving PRDCH (physical reader to device channel) from the reader; A method in which the mid-ampl or post-ampl pattern associated with the above PRDCH is set as the inverse of the pattern associated with the above SIP.

2. In Paragraph 1, A method in which, based on each element included in the pattern associated with the above SIP being either ON duration or OFF duration, each element included in the pattern of the above midamble or the above postamble is set as the inverse of each element included in the pattern associated with the above SIP.

3. In Paragraph 1, A method in which, among at least one on-duration and at least one off-duration included in the pattern associated with the above SIP, the length of the first on-duration or off-duration is greater than or equal to the length of CP (cyclic prefix), and the length of the last on-duration or off-duration is greater than or equal to the sum of the lengths of two symbols and the length of CP.

4. In Paragraph 1, A method in which, among at least one on-duration and at least one off-duration included in the pattern associated with the above SIP, the length of the first on-duration or off-duration is greater than or equal to the sum of the lengths of two symbols and the length of CP, and the length of the last on-duration or off-duration is greater than or equal to the length of CP.

5. In Paragraph 1, A method based on each element included in the pattern related to the above SIP being on-duration or off-duration, wherein the length of the last element among the three elements included in the pattern related to the above SIP is greater than twice the length of the second element.

6. In Paragraph 1, A method based on the fact that each element included in the pattern related to the above SIP is on duration or off duration, wherein the length of the first element among the three elements included in the pattern related to the above SIP is greater than twice the length of the second element.

7. In Paragraph 1, A method in which, based on at least one on-duration and at least one off-duration included in a pattern associated with the above-mentioned CAP being alternately arranged, the chip duration associated with the above-mentioned PRDCH is set to at least one of the interval between on-durations or the interval between off-durations.

8. In Paragraph 1, (i) at least one on-duration and at least one off-duration included in the pattern associated with the CAP are arranged alternately, and (ii) based on the number of the at least one on-duration and the number of the at least one off-duration being different, the first chip associated with the PRDCH is located within an OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) symbol.

9. In Paragraph 8, Based on the fact that the number of at least one on-duration is greater than the number of at least one off-duration, the chip duration associated with the PRDCH is set to a value obtained by dividing the interval between on-durations by the number of chips associated with the PRDCH within the OFDM symbol, or A method in which, based on the fact that the number of at least one off-duration is greater than the number of at least one on-duration, the chip duration associated with the PRDCH is set to a value obtained by dividing the interval between off-durations by the number of chips associated with the PRDCH within the OFDM symbol.

10. In Paragraph 1, A method in which padding is set between the end of the CAP and the start of the PRDCH based on the fact that the first of one or more chips associated with the PRDCH is located within the OFDM symbol.

11. In Paragraph 10, A method in which the padding is set based on a value equal to the on-duration or off-duration set in the CP of the above OFDM symbol.

12. In Paragraph 10, A method in which at least one on-duration and at least one off-duration are alternately arranged in the CP of the OFDM symbol, based on the number of chips associated with the above PRDCH being greater than a threshold value.

13. In Paragraph 12, A method in which the padding is set based on the last value of the at least one on-duration and the at least one off-duration included in the above CP.

14. In the device, At least one transmitter / receiver; At least one processor; and The device comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions are executed by the at least one processor and based on the device: Receiving an R-TAS (reader to device timing acquisition signal) including a SIP (start indicator part) and a CAP (clock acquisition part) from a reader; and To receive PRDCH (physical reader to device channel) from the above reader, A device in which the mid-ampl or post-ampl pattern associated with the above PRDCH is set as the inverse of the pattern associated with the above SIP.

15. In a processing device configured to control a device, At least one processor; and The device comprises at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions are executed by the at least one processor and based on the device: Receiving an R-TAS (reader to device timing acquisition signal) including a SIP (start indicator part) and a CAP (clock acquisition part) from a reader; and To receive PRDCH (physical reader to device channel) from the above reader, A processing device in which the mid-amble or post-amble pattern associated with the above PRDCH is set as the inverse of the pattern associated with the above SIP.

16. A non-transient computer-readable storage medium that records instructions, When executed, the above commands cause the device: Receiving an R-TAS (reader to device timing acquisition signal) including a SIP (start indicator part) and a CAP (clock acquisition part) from a reader; and To receive PRDCH (physical reader to device channel) from the above reader, A non-transient computer-readable storage medium in which a midamble or postamble pattern associated with the above PRDCH is set as the inverse of a pattern associated with the above SIP.

17. Regarding the method, A reader transmitting an R-TAS (reader to device timing acquisition signal) including a SIP (start indicator part) and a CAP (clock acquisition part) to a device; and The step of the reader transmitting PRDCH (physical reader to device channel) to the device; wherein A method in which the mid-ampl or post-ampl pattern associated with the above PRDCH is set as the inverse of the pattern associated with the above SIP.

18. Regarding readers, At least one transmitter / receiver; At least one processor; and The reader includes at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions are executed by the at least one processor. To cause the device to transmit an R-TAS (reader to device timing acquisition signal) including a SIP (start indicator part) and a CAP (clock acquisition part); and The above device is made to transmit PRDCH (physical reader to device channel), A leader in which the mid-amble or post-amble pattern associated with the above PRDCH is set as the inverse of the pattern associated with the above SIP.

19. In a processing device configured to control a reader, At least one processor; and The reader includes at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions are executed by the at least one processor. To cause the device to transmit an R-TAS (reader to device timing acquisition signal) including a SIP (start indicator part) and a CAP (clock acquisition part); and The above device is made to transmit PRDCH (physical reader to device channel), A processing device in which the mid-amble or post-amble pattern associated with the above PRDCH is set as the inverse of the pattern associated with the above SIP.

20. A non-transient computer-readable storage medium that records instructions, When executed, the above commands cause the reader: To cause the device to transmit an R-TAS (reader to device timing acquisition signal) including a SIP (start indicator part) and a CAP (clock acquisition part); and The above device is made to transmit PRDCH (physical reader to device channel), A non-transient computer-readable storage medium in which a midamble or postamble pattern associated with the above PRDCH is set as the inverse of a pattern associated with the above SIP.

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