Method and apparatus for cyclic prefix handling in wireless communication system

Abstract

The disclosure relates to a 5G or 6G communication system for supporting a higher data transmission rate. A method and an apparatus in a wireless communication system are provided, the method including: generating a first signal, wherein the first signal includes at least one third signal corresponding to a first duration, and wherein each third signal of the at least one third signal includes a fourth signal corresponding to a second duration, and the fourth signal is located at an end of a third signal including the fourth signal; generating a second signal based on a first condition, wherein the second signal includes the at least one third signal and at least one fifth signal, and wherein each fifth signal of the at least one fifth signal corresponds to one third signal of the at least one third signal, and each fifth signal of the at least one fifth signal is located before one third signal corresponding to the fifth signal; transmitting, to a second UE, the second signal, wherein the first condition is used to determine a method for generating the at least one fifth signal and / or used to determine whether to generate the at least one fifth signal.

Description

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CYCLIC PREFIX HANDLING IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and more specifically, to a method and an apparatus in a wireless communication system.

[0002] 5G mobile communication technologies define broad frequency bands such that high transmission rates and new services are possible, and can be implemented not only in “Sub 6GHz” bands such as 3.5GHz, but also in “Above 6GHz” bands referred to as mmWave including 28GHz and 39GHz. In addition, it has been considered to implement 6G mobile communication technologies (referred to as Beyond 5G systems) in terahertz bands (for example, 95GHz to 3THz bands) in order to accomplish transmission rates fifty times faster than 5G mobile communication technologies and ultra-low latencies one-tenth of 5G mobile communication technologies.

[0003] At the beginning of the development of 5G mobile communication technologies, in order to support services and to satisfy performance requirements in connection with enhanced Mobile BroadBand (eMBB), Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC), and massive Machine-Type Communications (mMTC), there has been ongoing standardization regarding beamforming and massive MIMO for mitigating radio-wave path loss and increasing radio-wave transmission distances in mmWave, supporting numerologies (for example, operating multiple subcarrier spacings) for efficiently utilizing mmWave resources and dynamic operation of slot formats, initial access technologies for supporting multi-beam transmission and broadbands, definition and operation of BWP (BandWidth Part), new channel coding methods such as a LDPC (Low Density Parity Check) code for large amount of data transmission and a polar code for highly reliable transmission of control information, L2 pre-processing, and network slicing for providing a dedicated network specialized to a specific service.

[0004] Currently, there are ongoing discussions regarding improvement and performance enhancement of initial 5G mobile communication technologies in view of services to be supported by 5G mobile communication technologies, and there has been physical layer standardization regarding technologies such as V2X (Vehicle-to-everything) for aiding driving determination by autonomous vehicles based on information regarding positions and states of vehicles transmitted by the vehicles and for enhancing user convenience, NR-U (New Radio Unlicensed) aimed at system operations conforming to various regulation-related requirements in unlicensed bands, NR UE Power Saving, Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) which is UE-satellite direct communication for providing coverage in an area in which communication with terrestrial networks is unavailable, and positioning.

[0005] Moreover, there has been ongoing standardization in air interface architecture / protocol regarding technologies such as Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) for supporting new services through interworking and convergence with other industries, IAB (Integrated Access and Backhaul) for providing a node for network service area expansion by supporting a wireless backhaul link and an access link in an integrated manner, mobility enhancement including conditional handover and DAPS (Dual Active Protocol Stack) handover, and two-step random access for simplifying random access procedures (2-step RACH for NR). There also has been ongoing standardization in system architecture / service regarding a 5G baseline architecture (for example, service based architecture or service based interface) for combining Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) and Software-Defined Networking (SDN) technologies, and Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) for receiving services based on UE positions.

[0006] As 5G mobile communication systems are commercialized, connected devices that have been exponentially increasing will be connected to communication networks, and it is accordingly expected that enhanced functions and performances of 5G mobile communication systems and integrated operations of connected devices will be necessary. To this end, new research is scheduled in connection with eXtended Reality (XR) for efficiently supporting AR (Augmented Reality), VR (Virtual Reality), MR (Mixed Reality) and the like, 5G performance improvement and complexity reduction by utilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML), AI service support, metaverse service support, and drone communication.

[0007] Furthermore, such development of 5G mobile communication systems will serve as a basis for developing not only new waveforms for providing coverage in terahertz bands of 6G mobile communication technologies, multi-antenna transmission technologies such as Full Dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antennas and large-scale antennas, metamaterial-based lenses and antennas for improving coverage of terahertz band signals, high-dimensional space multiplexing technology using OAM (Orbital Angular Momentum), and RIS (Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface), but also full-duplex technology for increasing frequency efficiency of 6G mobile communication technologies and improving system networks, AI-based communication technology for implementing system optimization by utilizing satellites and AI (Artificial Intelligence) from the design stage and internalizing end-to-end AI support functions, and next-generation distributed computing technology for implementing services at levels of complexity exceeding the limit of UE operation capability by utilizing ultra-high-performance communication and computing resources.

[0008] In order to meet the increasing demand for wireless data communication services since the deployment of 4G communication systems, efforts have been made to develop improved 5G or pre-5G communication systems. Therefore, 5G or pre-5G communication systems are also called “Beyond 4G networks” or “Post-LTE systems”.

[0009] In order to achieve a higher data rate, 5G communication systems are implemented in higher frequency (millimeter, mmWave) bands, e.g., 60 GHz bands. In order to reduce propagation loss of radio waves and increase a transmission distance, technologies such as beamforming, massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), full-dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antenna, analog beamforming and large-scale antenna are discussed in 5G communication systems.

[0010] In addition, in 5G communication systems, developments of system network improvement are underway based on advanced small cell, cloud radio access network (RAN), ultra-dense network, device-to-device (D2D) communication, wireless backhaul, mobile network, cooperative communication, coordinated multi-points (CoMP), reception-end interference cancellation, etc.

[0011] In 5G systems, hybrid FSK and QAM modulation (FQAM) and sliding window superposition coding (SWSC) as advanced coding modulation (ACM), and filter bank multicarrier (FBMC), non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and sparse code multiple access (SCMA) as advanced access technologies have been developed.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a method performed by a first user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, including: generating a first signal, where the first signal includes at least one third signal corresponding to a first duration, and where each third signal of the at least one third signal includes a fourth signal corresponding to a second duration, and the fourth signal is located at an end of a third signal including the fourth signal; generating a second signal based on a first condition, where the second signal includes the at least one third signal and at least one fifth signal, and where each fifth signal of the at least one fifth signal corresponds to one third signal of the at least one third signal, and each fifth signal of the at least one fifth signal is located before one third signal corresponding to the fifth signal; transmitting, to a second UE, the second signal, where the first condition is used to determine a method for generating the at least one fifth signal and / or used to determine whether to generate the at least one fifth signal.

[0013] In some implementations, the method for generating the at least one fifth signal includes at least one of: using, by generating the at least one third signal based on information bits or based on the information bits and line encoding and copying and inserting the fourth signal before a start position of the third signal including the fourth signal, the copied fourth signal as a fifth signal corresponding to the third signal; using, by generating a signal other than the fourth signal in the at least one third signal based on the information bits or based on the information bits and the line encoding, generating the fourth signal using another method, and copying and inserting the fourth signal before the start position of the third signal including the fourth signal, the copied fourth signal as the fifth signal corresponding to the third signal; using, by generating the at least one third signal based on the information bits or based on the information bits and the line encoding and copying and inserting the fourth signal before the start position of the third signal including the fourth signal, the copied fourth signal as the fifth signal corresponding to the third signal, where a value of at least one chip in the fourth signal is changed when a third condition is satisfied, and / or a value of at least one chip in the fifth signal is changed when the third condition is satisfied; generating the at least one fifth signal based on the information bits; generating the at least one fifth signal based on a preset value or sequence; generating the at least one fifth signal based on a value of a signal before a start position of a fifth signal and / or based on a value of a signal after an end position of the fifth signal.

[0014] In some implementations, the first condition is related to at least one of: a configured or predefined criterion related to generation of the second signal; a configured or predefined criterion related to the fifth signal; a configured or predefined criterion related to the fourth signal; an indication related to a method of generating the second signal; an indication related to a method of generating the fifth signal; an indication related to a method of generating the fourth signal; a parameter related to a chip length and / or a transmission rate; whether a number of information bits corresponding to the first signal and / or the second signal exceeds a first threshold; whether a transmission duration corresponding to the first signal and / or the second signal exceeds a second threshold; whether, after the at least one fifth signal is generated, the fifth signal will cause false decoding.

[0015] In some implementations, if the first condition is related to the parameter related to the chip length and / or the transmission rate, the first condition is further related to at least one of: whether the chip length is larger than the second duration; whether an offset and / or a ratio between the chip length and the second duration is in a preset or configured threshold range; whether a number of chips corresponding to the fourth signal and / or the fifth signal exceeds a preset or configured threshold range.

[0016] In some implementations, the method further includes at least one of: determining multiple methods for generating the at least one fifth signal, and always generating the at least one fifth signal using at least one first method of the multiple methods, and generating the at least one fifth signal using at least one second method of the multiple methods when the first condition is satisfied; determining the multiple methods for generating the at least one fifth signal, and generating the at least one fifth signal using at least one third method of the multiple methods when the first condition is satisfied, and generating the at least one fifth signal using at least one fourth method of the multiple methods when the first condition is not satisfied.

[0017] In some implementations, the at least one fourth signal is generated based on information bits or based on the information bits and line encoding, and / or by at least one of the following methods: all signals in the fourth signal, or values corresponding to first M1 chips or codewords in the fourth signal and / or corresponding to last M2 chips or codewords in the fourth signal being determined based on preset values; all signals in the fourth signal, or the values corresponding to the first M1 chips or codewords in the fourth signal and / or corresponding to the last M2 chips or codewords in the fourth signal being preset values, where the preset values include a sequence consisting of multiple preset values; all signals in the fourth signal, or the values corresponding to the first M1 chips or codewords in the fourth signal and / or corresponding to the last M2 chips or codewords in the fourth signal being determined based on states of last M3 chips before a start position of the fourth signal; all signals in the fourth signal, or the values corresponding to the first M1 chips or codewords in the fourth signal and / or corresponding to the last M2 chips or codewords in the fourth signal being determined based on states of first M3 chips in the third signal in which the fourth signal is located; all signals in the fourth signal, or the values corresponding to the first M1 chips or codewords in the fourth signal and / or corresponding to the last M2 chips or codewords in the fourth signal being determined based on states of last M3 chips in a last third signal before the third signal in which the fourth signal is located, where at least one of M1, M2, and M3 is determined based on the first condition.

[0018] In some implementations, when a number of chips corresponding to the fourth signal is a non-integer number, for a first chip corresponding to the fourth signal, and / or a last chip corresponding to the fourth signal, and / or at least one chip partially corresponding to the fourth signal and partially not corresponding to the fourth signal, values of the first chip and / or the last chip and / or the at least one chip are determined based on the at least one method.

[0019] In some implementations, a method for generating the at least one fourth signal is based on a second condition, and where the second condition includes at least one of: the first condition; fourth signals corresponding to N-n third signals of every N third signals are generated by a fifth method for generating the at least one fourth signal, and fourth signals corresponding to n third signals of every N third signals are generated by a sixth method for generating the at least one fourth signal; there being a false signal rising edge and / or falling edge after the at least one fifth signal is generated; there being false signal rising edges and / or falling edges, and a signal length between at least two false signal rising edges and / or falling edges satisfies a third condition and / or a signal length between at least one false signal rising edge and / or falling edge and at least one signal rising edge and / or falling edge in the first signal satisfies the third condition, after the at least one fifth signal is generated.

[0020] In some implementations, the third condition includes at least one of: whether the signal length between the at least two false signal rising edges and / or falling edges and / or the signal length between the at least one false signal rising edge and / or falling edge and at least one signal rising edge and / or falling edge in the first signal is larger than the second duration; whether an offset and / or a ratio between the signal length between the at least two false signal rising edges and / or falling edges and the second duration is in a preset or configured threshold range, and / or whether an offset and / or a ratio between the signal length between the at least one false signal rising edge and / or falling edge and at least one signal rising edge and / or falling edge in the first signal and the second duration is in a preset or configured threshold range; whether a number of false signal rising edges and / or falling edges and / or a number of chips corresponding to the false signal rising edges and / or falling edges exceeds a preset or configured threshold range.

[0021] In some implementations, the method further includes: determining whether a number of chips included in an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol is based on a number of chips included in a fifth signal and / or based on a number of chips included in the fourth signal based on at least one of whether to generate the at least one fifth signal, the method for generating the at least one fifth signal, and the method for generating the at least one fourth signal.

[0022] In some implementations, at least one of whether to generate the at least one fifth signal, the method for generating the at least one fifth signal, and the method for generating the at least one fourth signal is determined based on at least one of: whether the first signal and / or the second signal correspond to at least one of a pre-amble, a mid-amble, and a post-amble; whether the first signal and / or the second signal correspond to data or physical layer control information or a PRDCH; whether the first signal and / or the second signal correspond to at least one of a Start Indication Part (SIP), an End Indication Part (EIP), a Clock Acquire Part (CAP).

[0023] In some implementations, at least one of whether to generate the at least one fifth signal, the method for generating the at least one fifth signal, a method for generating the at least one fourth signal is indicated based on at least one of: being implicitly indicated based on the method for generating the at least one fifth signal used for at least one of a pre-amble, a mid-amble, and a post-amble associated with the first signal and / or the second signal; being implicitly indicated based on a sequence used for at least one of the pre-amble, the mid-amble, and the post-amble associated with the first signal and / or the second signal; being explicitly indicated by a field in at least one of the pre-amble, the mid-amble, and the post-amble associated with the first signal and / or the second signal.

[0024] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a method performed by a second user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, including: receiving, from a first UE, a second signal, where the second signal includes at least one third signal corresponding to a first duration; based on a first condition, determining whether the second signal includes at least one fifth signal and / or determining a method for generating the at least one fifth signal and / or determining whether to remove the at least one fifth signal from the second signal, where each fifth signal of the at least one fifth signal corresponds to one third signal of the at least one third signal, and each fifth signal of the at least one fifth signal is located before one third signal corresponding to the fifth signal; based on a second condition, determining a method for generating at least one fourth signal corresponding to a second duration and / or determining whether to remove the at least one fourth signal from the second signal, where the at least one fourth signal is included in the at least one third signal respectively and is located at an end of the at least one third signal respectively; decoding a first signal, where the first signal is a signal after the at least one fifth signal is removed from the second signal and / or after the at least one fourth signal is removed from the second signal, or without removing the at least one fifth signal and the at least one fourth signal from the second signal.

[0025] In some implementations, the method for generating the at least one fifth signal includes at least one of: using, by generating the at least one third signal based on information bits or based on the information bits and line encoding and copying and inserting the fourth signal before a start position of the third signal including the fourth signal, the copied fourth signal as a fifth signal corresponding to the third signal; using, by generating a signal other than the fourth signal in the at least one third signal based on the information bits or based on the information bits and the line encoding, generating the fourth signal using another method, and copying and inserting the fourth signal before the start position of the third signal including the fourth signal, the copied fourth signal as the fifth signal corresponding to the third signal; using, by generating the at least one third signal based on the information bits or based on the information bits and the line encoding and copying and inserting the fourth signal before the start position of the third signal including the fourth signal, the copied fourth signal as the fifth signal corresponding to the third signal, where a value of at least one chip in the fourth signal is changed when a third condition is satisfied, and / or a value of at least one chip in the fifth signal is changed when the third condition is satisfied; generating the at least one fifth signal based on the information bits; generating the at least one fifth signal based on a preset value or sequence; generating the at least one fifth signal based on a value of a signal before a start position of a fifth signal and / or based on a value of a signal after an end position of the fifth signal.

[0026] In some implementations, the first condition is related to at least one of: a configured or predefined criterion related to generation of the second signal; a configured or predefined criterion related to the fifth signal; a configured or predefined criterion related to the fourth signal; an indication related to a method of generating the second signal; an indication related to a method of generating the fifth signal; an indication related to a method of generating the fourth signal; a parameter related to a chip length and / or a transmission rate; whether a number of information bits corresponding to the first signal and / or the second signal exceeds a first threshold; whether a transmission duration corresponding to the first signal and / or the second signal exceeds a second threshold; whether, after the at least one fifth signal is generated, the fifth signal will cause false decoding.

[0027] In some implementations, if the first condition is related to the parameter related to the chip length and / or the transmission rate, the first condition is further related to at least one of: whether the chip length is larger than the second duration; whether an offset and / or a ratio between the chip length and the second duration is in a preset or configured threshold range; whether a number of chips corresponding to the fourth signal and / or the fifth signal exceeds a preset or configured threshold range.

[0028] In some implementations, multiple methods for generating the at least one fifth signal are determined, and at least one first method of the multiple methods is always used to generate the at least one fifth signal, and the at least one fifth signal is generated using at least one second method of the multiple methods when the first condition is satisfied; the multiple methods for generating the at least one fifth signal are determined, and at least one third method of the multiple methods is used to generate the at least one fifth signal when the first condition is satisfied, and the at least one fifth signal is generated using at least one fourth method of the multiple methods when the first condition is not satisfied.

[0029] In some implementations, the at least one fourth signal is generated based on information bits or based on the information bits and line encoding, and / or by at least one of the following methods: all signals in the fourth signal, or values corresponding to first M1 chips or codewords in the fourth signal and / or corresponding to last M2 chips or codewords in the fourth signal being determined based on preset values; all signals in the fourth signal, or the values corresponding to the first M1 chips or codewords in the fourth signal and / or corresponding to the last M2 chips or codewords in the fourth signal being preset values, where the preset values include a sequence consisting of multiple preset values; all signals in the fourth signal, or the values corresponding to the first M1 chips or codewords in the fourth signal and / or corresponding to the last M2 chips or codewords in the fourth signal being determined based on states of last M3 chips before a start position of the fourth signal; all signals in the fourth signal, or the values corresponding to the first M1 chips or codewords in the fourth signal and / or corresponding to the last M2 chips or codewords in the fourth signal being determined based on states of first M3 chips in the third signal in which the fourth signal is located; all signals in the fourth signal, or the values corresponding to the first M1 chips or codewords in the fourth signal and / or corresponding to the last M2 chips or codewords in the fourth signal being determined based on states of last M3 chips in a last third signal before the third signal in which the fourth signal is located, where at least one of M1, M2, and M3 is determined based on the first condition.

[0030] In some implementations, when a number of chips corresponding to the fourth signal is a non-integer number, for a first chip corresponding to the fourth signal, and / or a last chip corresponding to the fourth signal, and / or at least one chip partially corresponding to the fourth signal and partially not corresponding to the fourth signal, values of the first chip and / or the last chip and / or the at least one chip are determined based on the at least one method.

[0031] In some implementations, a method for generating the at least one fourth signal is based on a second condition, and where the second condition includes at least one of: the first condition; fourth signals corresponding to N-n third signals of every N third signals are generated by a fifth method for generating the at least one fourth signal, and fourth signals corresponding to n third signals of every N third signals are generated by a sixth method for generating the at least one fourth signal; there being a false signal rising edge and / or falling edge after the at least one fifth signal is generated; there being false signal rising edges and / or falling edges, and a signal length between at least two false signal rising edges and / or falling edges satisfies a third condition and / or a signal length between at least one false signal rising edge and / or falling edge and at least one signal rising edge and / or falling edge in the first signal satisfies the third condition, after the at least one fifth signal is generated.

[0032] In some implementations, the third condition includes at least one of: whether the signal length between the at least two false signal rising edges and / or falling edges and / or the signal length between the at least one false signal rising edge and / or falling edge and at least one signal rising edge and / or falling edge in the first signal is larger than the second duration; whether an offset and / or a ratio between the signal length between the at least two false signal rising edges and / or falling edges and the second duration is in a preset or configured threshold range, and / or whether an offset and / or a ratio between the signal length between the at least one false signal rising edge and / or falling edge and at least one signal rising edge and / or falling edge in the first signal and the second duration is in a preset or configured threshold range; whether a number of false signal rising edges and / or falling edges and / or a number of chips corresponding to the false signal rising edges and / or falling edges exceeds a preset or configured threshold range.

[0033] In some implementations, whether a number of chips included in an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol is based on a number of chips included in a fifth signal and / or based on a number of chips included in the fourth signal is determined based on at least one of whether to generate the at least one fifth signal, the method for generating the at least one fifth signal, and the method for generating the at least one fourth signal.

[0034] In some implementations, at least one of whether to generate the at least one fifth signal, the method for generating the at least one fifth signal, and the method for generating the at least one fourth signal is determined based on at least one of: whether the first signal and / or the second signal correspond to at least one of a pre-amble, a mid-amble, and a post-amble; whether the first signal and / or the second signal correspond to data or physical layer control information or a PRDCH; whether the first signal and / or the second signal correspond to at least one of a Start Indication Part (SIP), an End Indication Part (EIP), a Clock Acquire Part (CAP).

[0035] In some implementations, at least one of whether to generate the at least one fifth signal, the method for generating the at least one fifth signal, a method for generating the at least one fourth signal is indicated based on at least one of: being implicitly indicated based on the method for generating the at least one fifth signal used for at least one of a pre-amble, a mid-amble, and a post-amble associated with the first signal and / or the second signal; being implicitly indicated based on a sequence used for at least one of the pre-amble, the mid-amble, and the post-amble associated with the first signal and / or the second signal; being explicitly indicated by a field in at least one of the pre-amble, the mid-amble, and the post-amble associated with the first signal and / or the second signal.

[0036] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system including: a transceiver; and a controller coupled with the transceiver and configured to perform the aforementioned methods.

[0037] In order to illustrate the technical schemes of the embodiments of the present disclosure more clearly, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Apparently, the drawings in the following description only relate to some embodiments of the present disclosure, and do not limit the present disclosure. In the drawings:

[0038] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example wireless network according to various embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0039] FIGs. 2a and 2b illustrate example wireless transmission and reception paths according to various embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0040] FIG. 3a illustrates an example user equipment (UE) according to various embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0041] FIG. 3b illustrates an example gNB according to various embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0042] FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram of inserting a CP according to various embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0043] FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic diagram in which false decoding is introduced by a CP according to various embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0044] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a method performed by a first UE according to various embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0045] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a method performed by a second UE according to various embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0046] FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic diagram of CP handling according to various embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0047] FIGs. 9-11 illustrate diagrams of signal generation according to various embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0048] FIG. 12 illustrates a block diagram of a UE according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0049] The following description with reference to the accompanying drawings is provided to assist in a comprehensive understanding of various embodiments of the present disclosure as defined by the claims and their equivalents. It includes various specific details to assist in that understanding but these are to be regarded as merely exemplary. Accordingly, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications of the various embodiments described herein can be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. In addition, descriptions of well-known functions and constructions may be omitted for clarity and conciseness.

[0050] The terms and words used in the following description and claims are not limited to the bibliographical meanings, but, are merely used by the inventor to enable a clear and consistent understanding of the present disclosure. Accordingly, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the following description of various embodiments of the present disclosure is provided for illustration purpose only and not for the purpose of limiting the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0051] It is to be understood that the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “a component surface” includes reference to one or more of such surfaces.

[0052] The term “include” or “may include” refers to the existence of a corresponding disclosed function, operation or component which can be used in various embodiments of the present disclosure and does not limit one or more additional functions, operations, or components. The terms such as “include” and / or “have” may be construed to denote a certain characteristic, number, step, operation, constituent element, component or a combination thereof, but may not be construed to exclude the existence of or a possibility of addition of one or more other characteristics, numbers, steps, operations, constituent elements, components or combinations thereof.

[0053] The term “or” used in various embodiments of the present disclosure includes any or all of combinations of listed words. For example, the expression “A or B” may include A, may include B, or may include both A and B.

[0054] Unless defined differently, all terms used herein, which include technical terminologies or scientific terminologies, have the same meaning as that understood by a person skilled in the art to which the present disclosure belongs. Such terms as those defined in a generally used dictionary are to be interpreted to have the meanings equal to the contextual meanings in the relevant field of art, and are not to be interpreted to have ideal or excessively formal meanings unless clearly defined in the present disclosure.

[0055] The various embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied to various communication systems, such as: global system for mobile communications (GSM) system, code division multiple access (CDMA) system, broadband code division multiple access (WCDMA) system, general packet radio service (GPRS), long term evolution (LTE) system Frequency division duplex (FDD) systems, time division duplex (TDD) systems, universal mobile telecommunications systems (UMTS), global interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) communication systems, fifth generation (5G) systems or new wireless (NR) systems, etc. In addition, the various embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied to future oriented communication technologies.

[0056] FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless network 100 according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiment of the wireless network 100 shown in FIG. 1 is for illustration only. Other embodiments of the wireless network 100 can be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0057] The wireless network 100 includes a gNodeB (gNB) 101, a gNB 102, and a gNB 103. gNB 101 communicates with gNB 102 and gNB 103. gNB 101 also communicates with at least one Internet Protocol (IP) network 130, such as the Internet, a private IP network, or other data networks.

[0058] Depending on a type of the network, other well-known terms such as "base station" or "access point" can be used instead of "gNodeB" or "gNB". For convenience, the terms "gNodeB" and "gNB" are used in this patent document to refer to network infrastructure components that provide wireless access for remote terminals. And, depending on the type of the network, other well-known terms such as "mobile station", "user station", "remote terminal", "wireless terminal" or "user apparatus" can be used instead of "user equipment" or "UE". For convenience, the terms "user equipment" and "UE" are used in this patent document to refer to remote wireless devices that wirelessly access the gNB, no matter whether the UE is a mobile device (such as a mobile phone or a smart phone) or a fixed device (such as a desktop computer or a vending machine).

[0059] gNB 102 provides wireless broadband access to the network 130 for a first plurality of User Equipments (UEs) within a coverage area 120 of gNB 102. The first plurality of UEs include a UE 111, which may be located in a Small Business (SB); a UE 112, which may be located in an enterprise (E); a UE 113, which may be located in a WiFi Hotspot (HS); a UE 114, which may be located in a first residence (R); a UE 115, which may be located in a second residence (R); a UE 116, which may be a mobile device (M), such as a cellular phone, a wireless laptop computer, a wireless PDA, etc. GNB 103 provides wireless broadband access to network 130 for a second plurality of UEs within a coverage area 125 of gNB 103. The second plurality of UEs include a UE 115 and a UE 116. In some embodiments, one or more of gNBs 101-103 can communicate with each other and with UEs 111-116 using 5G, Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-A, WiMAX or other advanced wireless communication technologies.

[0060] The dashed lines show approximate ranges of the coverage areas 120 and 125, and the ranges are shown as approximate circles merely for illustration and explanation purposes. It should be clearly understood that the coverage areas associated with the gNBs, such as the coverage areas 120 and 125, may have other shapes, including irregular shapes, depending on configurations of the gNBs and changes in the radio environment associated with natural obstacles and man-made obstacles.

[0061] As will be described in more detail below, one or more of gNB 101, gNB 102, and gNB 103 include a 2D antenna array as described in embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, one or more of gNB 101, gNB 102, and gNB 103 support codebook designs and structures for systems with 2D antenna arrays.

[0062] Although FIG. 1 illustrates an example of the wireless network 100, various changes can be made to FIG. 1. The wireless network 100 can include any number of gNBs and any number of UEs in any suitable arrangement, for example. Furthermore, gNB 101 can directly communicate with any number of UEs and provide wireless broadband access to the network 130 for those UEs. Similarly, each gNB 102-103 can directly communicate with the network 130 and provide direct wireless broadband access to the network 130 for the UEs. In addition, gNB 101, 102 and / or 103 can provide access to other or additional external networks, such as external telephone networks or other types of data networks.

[0063] FIGs. 2a and 2b illustrate example wireless transmission and reception paths according to the present disclosure. In the following description, the transmission path 200 can be described as being implemented in a gNB, such as gNB 102, and the reception path 250 can be described as being implemented in a UE, such as UE 116. However, it should be understood that the reception path 250 can be implemented in a gNB and the transmission path 200 can be implemented in a UE. In some embodiments, the reception path 250 is configured to support codebook designs and structures for systems with 2D antenna arrays as described in embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0064] The transmission path 200 includes a channel coding and modulation block 205, a Serial-to-Parallel (S-to-P) block 210, a size N Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) block 215, a Parallel-to-Serial (P-to-S) block 220, a cyclic prefix addition block 225, and an up-converter (UC) 230. The reception path 250 includes a down-converter (DC) 255, a cyclic prefix removal block 260, a Serial-to-Parallel (S-to-P) block 265, a size N Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) block 270, a Parallel-to-Serial (P-to-S) block 275, and a channel decoding and demodulation block 280.

[0065] In the transmission path 200, the channel coding and modulation block 205 receives a set of information bits, applies coding (such as Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) coding), and modulates the input bits (such as using Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) or Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)) to generate a sequence of frequency-domain modulated symbols. The Serial-to-Parallel (S-to-P) block 210 converts (such as demultiplexes) serial modulated symbols into parallel data to generate N parallel symbol streams, where N is a size of the IFFT / FFT used in gNB 102 and UE 116. The size N IFFT block 215 performs IFFT operations on the N parallel symbol streams to generate a time-domain output signal. The Parallel-to-Serial block 220 converts (such as multiplexes) parallel time-domain output symbols from the Size N IFFT block 215 to generate a serial time-domain signal. The cyclic prefix addition block 225 inserts a cyclic prefix into the time-domain signal. The up-converter 230 modulates (such as up-converts) the output of the cyclic prefix addition block 225 to an RF frequency for transmission via a wireless channel. The signal can also be filtered at a baseband before switching to the RF frequency.

[0066] The RF signal transmitted from gNB 102 arrives at UE 116 after passing through the wireless channel, and operations in reverse to those at gNB 102 are performed at UE 116. The down-converter 255 down-converts the received signal to a baseband frequency, and the cyclic prefix removal block 260 removes the cyclic prefix to generate a serial time-domain baseband signal. The Serial-to-Parallel block 265 converts the time-domain baseband signal into a parallel time-domain signal. The Size N FFT block 270 performs an FFT algorithm to generate N parallel frequency-domain signals. The Parallel-to-Serial block 275 converts the parallel frequency-domain signal into a sequence of modulated data symbols. The channel decoding and demodulation block 280 demodulates and decodes the modulated symbols to recover the original input data stream.

[0067] Each of gNBs 101-103 may implement a transmission path 200 similar to that for transmitting to UEs 111-116 in the downlink, and may implement a reception path 250 similar to that for receiving from UEs 111-116 in the uplink. Similarly, each of UEs 111-116 may implement a transmission path 200 for transmitting to gNBs 101-103 in the uplink, and may implement a reception path 250 for receiving from gNBs 101-103 in the downlink.

[0068] Each of the components in FIGs. 2a and 2b can be implemented using only hardware, or using a combination of hardware and software / firmware. As a specific example, at least some of the components in FIGs. 2a and 2b may be implemented in software, while other components may be implemented in configurable hardware or a combination of software and configurable hardware. For example, the FFT block 270 and IFFT block 215 may be implemented as configurable software algorithms, in which the value of the size N may be modified according to the implementation.

[0069] Furthermore, although described as using FFT and IFFT, this is only illustrative and should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present disclosure. Other types of transforms can be used, such as Discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) functions. It should be understood that for DFT and IDFT functions, the value of variable N may be any integer (such as 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.), while for FFT and IFFT functions, the value of variable N may be any integer which is a power of 2 (such as 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, etc.).

[0070] Although FIGs. 2a and 2b illustrate examples of wireless transmission and reception paths, various changes may be made to FIGs. 2a and 2b. For example, various components in FIGs. 2a and 2b can be combined, further subdivided or omitted, and additional components can be added according to specific requirements. Furthermore, FIGs. 2a and 2b are intended to illustrate examples of types of transmission and reception paths that can be used in a wireless network. Any other suitable architecture can be used to support wireless communication in a wireless network.

[0071] FIG. 3a illustrates an example UE 116 according to the present disclosure. The embodiment of UE 116 shown in FIG. 3a is for illustration only, and UEs 111-115 of FIG. 1 can have the same or similar configuration. However, a UE has various configurations, and FIG. 3a does not limit the scope of the present disclosure to any specific implementation of the UE.

[0072] UE 116 includes an antenna 301, a radio frequency (RF) transceiver 302, a transmission (TX) processing circuit 303, a microphone 304, and a reception (RX) processing circuit 305. UE 116 also includes a speaker 306, a controller / processor 307, an input / output (I / O) interface 308, an input device(s) 309, a display 310, and a memory 311. The memory 311 includes an operating system (OS) 312 and one or more applications 313.

[0073] The RF transceiver 302 receives an incoming RF signal transmitted by a gNB of the wireless network 100 from the antenna 301. The RF transceiver 302 down-converts the incoming RF signal to generate an intermediate frequency (IF) or baseband signal. The IF or baseband signal is transmitted to the RX processing circuit 305, where the RX processing circuit 305 generates a processed baseband signal by filtering, decoding and / or digitizing the baseband or IF signal. The RX processing circuit 305 transmits the processed baseband signal to speaker 306 (such as for voice data) or to controller / processor 307 for further processing (such as for web browsing data).

[0074] The TX processing circuit 303 receives analog or digital voice data from microphone 304 or other outgoing baseband data (such as network data, email or interactive video game data) from controller / processor 307. The TX processing circuit 303 encodes, multiplexes, and / or digitizes the outgoing baseband data to generate a processed baseband or IF signal. The RF transceiver 302 receives the outgoing processed baseband or IF signal from the TX processing circuit 303 and up-converts the baseband or IF signal into an RF signal transmitted via the antenna 301.

[0075] The controller / processor 307 can include one or more processors or other processing devices and execute an OS 312 stored in the memory 311 in order to control the overall operation of UE 116. For example, the controller / processor 307 can control the reception of forward channel signals and the transmission of backward channel signals through the RF transceiver 302, the RX processing circuit 305 and the TX processing circuit 303 according to well-known principles. In some embodiments, the controller / processor 307 includes at least one microprocessor or microcontroller.

[0076] The controller / processor 307 is also capable of executing other processes and programs residing in the memory 311, such as operations for channel quality measurement and reporting for systems with 2D antenna arrays as described in embodiments of the present disclosure. The controller / processor 307 can move data into or out of the memory 311 as required by an execution process. In some embodiments, the controller / processor 307 is configured to execute the application 313 based on the OS 312 or in response to signals received from the gNB or the operator. The controller / processor 307 is also coupled to an I / O interface 308, where the I / O interface 308 provides UE 116 with the ability to connect to other devices such as laptop computers and handheld computers. I / O interface 308 is a communication path between these accessories and the controller / processor 307.

[0077] The controller / processor 307 is also coupled to the input device(s) 309 and the display 310. An operator of UE 116 can input data into UE 116 using the input device(s) 309. The display 310 may be a liquid crystal display or other display capable of presenting text and / or at least limited graphics (such as from a website). The memory 311 is coupled to the controller / processor 307. A part of the memory 311 can include a random access memory (RAM), while another part of the memory 311 can include a flash memory or other read-only memory (ROM).

[0078] Although FIG. 3a illustrates an example of UE 116, various changes can be made to FIG. 3a. For example, various components in FIG. 3a can be combined, further subdivided or omitted, and additional components can be added according to specific requirements. As a specific example, the controller / processor 307 can be divided into a plurality of processors, such as one or more central processing units (CPUs) and one or more graphics processing units (GPUs). Furthermore, although FIG. 3a illustrates that the UE 116 is configured as a mobile phone or a smart phone, UEs can be configured to operate as other types of mobile or fixed devices.

[0079] FIG. 3b illustrates an example gNB 102 according to the present disclosure. The embodiment of gNB 102 shown in FIG. 3b is for illustration only, and other gNBs of FIG. 1 can have the same or similar configuration. However, a gNB has various configurations, and FIG. 3b does not limit the scope of the present disclosure to any specific implementation of a gNB. It should be noted that gNB 101 and gNB 103 can include the same or similar structures as gNB 102.

[0080] As shown in FIG. 3b, gNB 102 includes a plurality of antennas 370a-370n, a plurality of RF transceivers 372a-372n, a transmission (TX) processing circuit 374, and a reception (RX) processing circuit 376. In certain embodiments, one or more of the plurality of antennas 370a-370n include a 2D antenna array. gNB 102 also includes a controller / processor 378, a memory 380, and a backhaul or network interface 382.

[0081] RF transceivers 372a-372n receive an incoming RF signal from antennas 370a-370n, such as a signal transmitted by UEs or other gNBs. RF transceivers 372a-372n down-convert the incoming RF signal to generate an IF or baseband signal. The IF or baseband signal is transmitted to the RX processing circuit 376, where the RX processing circuit 376 generates a processed baseband signal by filtering, decoding and / or digitizing the baseband or IF signal. RX processing circuit 376 transmits the processed baseband signal to controller / processor 378 for further processing.

[0082] The TX processing circuit 374 receives analog or digital data (such as voice data, network data, email or interactive video game data) from the controller / processor 378. TX processing circuit 374 encodes, multiplexes and / or digitizes outgoing baseband data to generate a processed baseband or IF signal. RF transceivers 372a-372n receive the outgoing processed baseband or IF signal from TX processing circuit 374 and up-convert the baseband or IF signal into an RF signal transmitted via antennas 370a-370n.

[0083] The controller / processor 378 can include one or more processors or other processing devices that control the overall operation of gNB 102. For example, the controller / processor 378 can control the reception of forward channel signals and the transmission of backward channel signals through the RF transceivers 372a-372n, the RX processing circuit 376 and the TX processing circuit 374 according to well-known principles. The controller / processor 378 can also support additional functions, such as higher-level wireless communication functions. For example, the controller / processor 378 can perform a Blind Interference Sensing (BIS) process such as that performed through a BIS algorithm, and decode a received signal from which an interference signal is subtracted. A controller / processor 378 may support any of a variety of other functions in gNB 102. In some embodiments, the controller / processor 378 includes at least one microprocessor or microcontroller.

[0084] The controller / processor 378 is also capable of executing programs and other processes residing in the memory 380, such as a basic OS. The controller / processor 378 can also support channel quality measurement and reporting for systems with 2D antenna arrays as described in embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the controller / processor 378 supports communication between entities such as web RTCs. The controller / processor 378 can move data into or out of the memory 380 as required by an execution process.

[0085] The controller / processor 378 is also coupled to the backhaul or network interface 382. The backhaul or network interface 382 allows gNB 102 to communicate with other devices or systems through a backhaul connection or through a network. The backhaul or network interface 382 can support communication over any suitable wired or wireless connection(s). For example, when gNB 102 is implemented as a part of a cellular communication system, such as a cellular communication system supporting 5G or new radio access technology or NR, LTE or LTE-A, the backhaul or network interface 382 can allow gNB 102 to communicate with other gNBs through wired or wireless backhaul connections. When gNB 102 is implemented as an access point, the backhaul or network interface 382 can allow gNB 102 to communicate with a larger network, such as the Internet, through a wired or wireless local area network or through a wired or wireless connection. The backhaul or network interface 382 includes any suitable structure that supports communication through a wired or wireless connection, such as an Ethernet or an RF transceiver.

[0086] The memory 380 is coupled to the controller / processor 378. A part of the memory 380 can include an RAM, while another part of the memory 380 can include a flash memory or other ROMs. In certain embodiments, a plurality of instructions, such as the BIS algorithm, are stored in the memory. The plurality of instructions are configured to cause the controller / processor 378 to execute the BIS process and decode the received signal after subtracting at least one interference signal determined by the BIS algorithm.

[0087] As will be described in more detail below, the transmission and reception paths of gNB 102 (implemented using RF transceivers 372a-372n, TX processing circuit 374 and / or RX processing circuit 376) support aggregated communication with FDD cells and TDD cells.

[0088] Although FIG. 3b illustrates an example of gNB 102, various changes may be made to FIG. 3b. For example, gNB 102 can include any number of each component shown in FIG. 3a. As a specific example, the access point can include many backhaul or network interfaces 382, and the controller / processor 378 can support routing functions to route data between different network addresses. As another specific example, although shown as including a single instance of the TX processing circuit 374 and a single instance of the RX processing circuit 376, gNB 102 can include multiple instances of each (such as one for each RF transceiver).

[0089] In order to make the purpose, technical schemes and advantages of the present application clearer, the implementations of the present application will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0090] The text and drawings are provided as examples only to help readers understand the present disclosure. They are not intended and should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present disclosure in any way. Although certain embodiments and examples have been provided, based on the content disclosed herein, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that modifications to the illustrated embodiments and examples can be made without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0091] The Internet of Things (IoT) technology has the characteristics of low cost, low power consumption, and support for large-scale connections. It is usually used in application scenarios such as smart factories, smart health care, and urban management that have a large number of devices and emphasize cost control, to achieve the communication effect of connecting everything. Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) is a kind of IoT technology that has been put into commercial applications. Compared with cell communication technology, NB-IoT has the characteristics of low-rate, low-cost, wide coverage and large capacity. It can be used as an effective complement for cell communication with a medium and high rate to as the main design objective. However, the overall design of NB-IoT is still based on the framework of cell communication, and follows the basic design concepts of cell communication in terms of device structure, signal design, etc., so its cost cannot compete with simple-structured technologies such as RFID; and its power consumption is usually supported by the device's own battery, which has a limited service life in long-term communication scenarios. Therefore, there is a need to design an IoT technology that can effectively reduce maintenance costs, with lower cost, less power consumption, and can be charged by signals in the environment; this makes up for the shortcomings of NB-IoT technology.

[0092] The present specification provides a technical design related to an IoT device that may be charged based on external signals. Such IoT devices can receive downlink signals and transmit uplink signals on the basis of charging based on their own batteries or external signals. The method by which the device receives downlink signals and transmits uplink signals is different from traditional wireless communication methods. Downlink reception is mainly based on envelope detection, and uplink transmission can be based on uplink signals generated by the device itself, and can also be based on backscattering. Backscattering technology means that the device modulates based on a carrier wave (CW) existing in the environment or transmitted from other nodes, modulates its own information on the CW transmitted from other nodes, and reflects the modulated CW, thereby completing the transmitting of uplink signals. A transmitting device that transmits signals based on backscattering may not itself generate a carrier wave carrying information, without radio frequency circuits such as amplifiers and mixers of traditional communication devices, thereby significantly reducing the cost of the device and the requirement for power or batteries. In the present application, since the transmission and charging of such IoT devices are implemented mainly depending on ambient signal, such IoT devices are called Ambient IoT (AIoT) devices. This naming is mainly for simplicity of description and is not used to limit the scope of the devices (for example, the Ambient IoT devices may include devices that perform uplink transmission based on backscattering, and may also include devices that perform uplink transmission based on uplink signals generated by the devices themselves).

[0093] In the AIoT system, signals / channels such as data and services can be directly transmitted between the base station and the AIoT node (such as tag device); it can also be transmitted via an intermediate node. For example, the base station transmits information related to the AIoT system to the intermediate node, and the intermediate node transmits data to the AIoT node; and the AIoT node transmits data to the intermediate node, and the intermediate node then transmits information related to the AIoT system to the base station.

[0094] In the present specification, for services in the AIoT system, the transmission transmitted by the base station or intermediate node to the AIoT node is called R2D (Reader to Device) transmission, and the transmission transmitted by the AIoT node to the base station or intermediate node is called D2R (Device to Reader) transmission. In addition, the transmission related to the AIoT system transmitted by the base station to the intermediate node may also be called downlink transmission or R2D transmission, and the transmission related to the AIoT system transmitted by the intermediate node to the base station may also be called uplink transmission or D2R transmission. Unless otherwise specified in the present specification, R2D / D2R transmission corresponds to the relationship between transceiving nodes, and is not used to limit what type of resources (e.g., FDD uplink / downlink frequency bands, TDD uplink / downlink slots in an NR system) the transmission occurs on. For example, D2R transmission in the AIoT system may also be transmitted and received on the downlink frequency band in the FDD system, and R2D transmission in the AIoT system may also be transmitted and received on the uplink slot in the TDD system.

[0095] The base station in the present specification may also be replaced by other devices, such as communication devices, relay nodes, IAB nodes, repeater nodes, sidelink nodes as external accessories of the base station. Any mechanism applicable to the base station in the present specification can also be similarly used in the scenario where the base station is replaced by other nodes, and the description will not be repeated. The difference between the communication device of the external accessory of the base station and the base station may include: the device may transmit DL signals / channels on the UL frequency band in the FDD system and on the UL time unit in the TDD system, including transmitting DL signals / channels corresponding to communication between the base station and the UE and DL signals / channels corresponding to communication between the base station and the AIoT device.

[0096] The intermediate node in the present specification may be at least one of a relay node, an IAB node, a repeater node, a sidelink node.

[0097] In the embodiments of the present application, below a threshold can also be replaced by below or equal to the threshold, above (exceeding) the threshold can also be replaced by above or equal to the threshold, smaller than or equal to can also be replaced by smaller than, larger than or equal to can also be replaced by larger than; and vice versa.

[0098] In the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified, configuration information includes at least one of information configured by the base station, indicated in the received signaling, configured by the higher layer and preconfigured. Further, it can be a set of configuration information obtained by the above methods; it can also be multiple sets of configuration information obtained by the above method, and the UE or node can select a set of configuration information to use according to predefined conditions; it can also be a set of configuration information obtained by the above method, and the set of configuration information includes multiple subsets, and the UE or node can select a subset to use according to predefined conditions.

[0099] In the embodiments of the present application, AIoT devices (such as tags, etc.) are simply called devices, and base stations or intermediate nodes that communicate with AIoT devices are collectively called readers. In the embodiments of the present application, the UE, unless otherwise limited, includes a device-type UE and / or a reader-type UE.

[0100] In the embodiments of the present application, charging the AIoT device includes charging by at least one of RF energy harvesting, non-RF energy harvesting, other charging methods (such as wired power supply), etc.

[0101] In the embodiments of the present application, the UE capabilities, unless otherwise limited, include the UE capabilities of device-type UEs and / or the UE capabilities of reader-type UEs.

[0102] In the embodiments of the present application, the transmission, unless otherwise limited, includes transmitting and receiving, including a Device to Reader (D2R) transmission and a Reader to Device (R2D) transmission.

[0103] In the embodiments of the present application, a slot, unless otherwise specified, can also be replaced by an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, a physical duration (e.g., ms), or other time units. For example, a number or indexes of slots can also be replaced by a number or indexes of time units.

[0104] In the embodiments of the present application, AIoT communication includes at least two types of communication processes: inventory and command.

[0105] In the embodiments of the present application, for convenience of description, the signaling in the inventory process is named in a simplified manner, but when the naming is inconsistent with the naming of the actual signaling, it can still be applied to the method in the embodiments of the present application without affecting the protection scope. In the inventory process, the reader may transmit a paging message to the device, and / or at least one trigger signaling that triggers the inventory process; multiple triggering signaling that triggers the inventory process can be used to trigger multiple rounds (which can also be cycles or other descriptions corresponding to multiple circulations) of the inventory process separately; the paging message and / or trigger signaling is referred to as Msg0 in the embodiments of the present application. After receiving Msg0, the device can transmit signaling in response to Msg0, and the signaling may carry information related to the device's ID (e.g., an N-bit random ID) and / or information related to the device's capabilities or configuration (for example, capabilities related to charging, information related to physical layer modulation methods / line encoding methods, etc.); the signaling in response to Msg0 is referred to as Msg1 in the embodiments of the present application. After receiving Msg1, the reader may transmit signaling to the device in response to Msg1. The signaling may carry information related to whether Msg1 is successfully received and / or whether the device transmitting Msg1 can be accessed to the system; the signaling in response to Msg1 is referred to as Msg2 in the embodiments of the present application. After receiving Msg2, the device may transmit signaling in response to Msg2, which may carry information related to the device's ID (such as content related to ID such as a device's EPC), and / or data or other information that the device needs to report to the reader; the signaling in response to Msg2 is referred to as Msg3 in the embodiments of the present application. After receiving the Msg3, the reader may transmit signaling to the device in response to the Msg3, which may carry information related to further configuration of the device and / or information confirming reception of Msg3 and / or further commands or data transmitted to the device; the signaling in response to Msg3 is referred to as Msg4 in the embodiments of the present application.

[0106] For multiple rounds in the inventory process, the round corresponds to one trigger signaling and at least one of Msg1, Msg2, Msg3, and Msg4 corresponding to the trigger signaling; one inventory process may include multiple rounds, and each round may be used by the device to perform the inventory. In an exemplary embodiment, the inventory process includes in sequence:

[0107] the reader transmitting to the device a paging message to indicate information related to the device that needs to participate in the inventory process (such as the device's ID, etc.), and / or transmitting to the device one trigger signaling for triggering the inventory process to indicate information related to inventory (for example, to indicate a Q value, where a number of rounds included in the inventory process is determined based on Q, e.g., 2Q-1), the paging message and / or trigger signaling is referred to as Msg0-A, corresponding to the first round of inventory;

[0108] the device determining the inventory round corresponding to the device itself based on Msg0-A (for example, determining that the round is a random number in the range of 1 to 2Q-1), and transmitting Msg1-A to the reader if the inventory is determined to be performed in the first round;

[0109] the reader continuing to interact with the device with signaling such as Msg2-A, Msg3-A, Msg4-A, etc., if it receives Msg1-A in the first round; after the interaction ends, the first round ends;

[0110] the reader transmitting to the device one trigger signaling for triggering the inventory process, which is referred to as Msg0-B, corresponding to the second round of inventory;

[0111] the device transmitting Msg1-B to the reader if it determines to perform inventory in the second round;

[0112] the reader continuing to interact with the device with signaling such as Msg2-B, Msg3-B, Msg4-B, etc., if it receives Msg1-B in the second round; after the interaction ends, the second round ends;

[0113] and so on until the several rounds included in the inventory is completed. The inventory process ends.

[0114] This process is an exemplary embodiment of an inventory process and may be used to help illustrate the concept of rounds in inventory. The inventory process in an actual communication system may include other enhancements based on the example, for example, adjusting the inventory round according to the status of the interaction, adding command signaling interactions to the inventory process, etc.

[0115] In the embodiments of the present application, in AIoT communication, additional specific signals may also be included before, during, and after the AIoT signal / channel transmission, and the specific signals may be called pre-amble, mid-amble, and post-amble according to their location and / or usage. The pre-amble may include a Start Indication Part (SIP) for indicating the start of the AIoT signal / channel and / or a Clock Acquire Part (CAP) for indicating AIoT synchronization or timing related information. The mid-amble may include a CAP for indicating AIoT synchronization or timing related information. The post-amble may include an End Indication Part (EIP) for indicating the end of the AIoT signal / channel and / or a CAP for indicating AIoT synchronization or timing related information. The above names, such as SIP, CAP, EIP, etc., are mainly used to simplify the subsequent description, rather than limiting the scope of protection based on whether the names are consistent.

[0116] The AIoT communication system may be deployed to operate in a frequency band adjacent or close to the 5G NR communication system. When the AIoT UE and the UE in the NR system are not physically isolated (for example, there is no wall obstruction), the two types of communication systems will cause interference with each other. In this regard, a feasible method is to further introduce other methods (such as OOK / BPSK modulation of OFDM-based signals, which includes modulation based on line encoding) based on the generation method of OFDM signals in the NR system to generate the AIoT signal, so that the coexistence between the AIoT signal and the NR signal also benefits from the orthogonality of OFDM signals in the NR system, and its interference can be much lower than coexistence interference in other methods where AIoT signals are not generated based on OFDM signals.

[0117] A common method of generating the AloT signal is to map information bits into codewords through linear encoding and modulate them into a wireless signal. A codeword may include multiple chips, and a chip corresponds to different waveforms or states of the wireless signal in different modulation modes. For example, when the line encoding is Manchester code, a codeword corresponding to an information bit '0' is

[0010] , and the codeword includes two chips; a codeword corresponding to an information bit '1' is

[0001] , and the codeword includes two chips. When the modulation mode is OOK, codeword 0 corresponds to a low level, and codeword 1 corresponds to a high level; when the modulation mode is BPSK, codeword 0 corresponds to a negative phase (so it may also be called '-1'), and codeword 1 corresponds to a positive phase. In addition, it is also possible to directly map the information bits into codewords / chips without being based on line encoding. For example, the codeword corresponding to the information bit '0' is [0], that is, it corresponds to one chip. When the modulation mode is OOK, the chip is the low level; similarly, the information bit '1' corresponds to one (in the OOK modulation mode) chip with the high level. The information bits may be information bits generated after FEC and / or CRC attachment.

[0118] When the AIoT signal is generated by mapping information bits into codewords through line encoding and modulating them into a wireless signal based on the generation method of OFDM signals in the NR system, corresponding to the method of inserting a CP in the generation method of OFDM signals in the NR system, similar respective steps also need to be included in AIoT signal generation, which are necessary components for maintaining orthogonality between OFDM-based signals. The steps may include copying and inserting a signal waveform on a specific duration corresponding to an OFDM symbol before a start position of the OFDM symbol. FIG. 4 is an example in which a CP is inserted.

[0119] After introducing the method of inserting a CP in AIoT signal generation, a waveform of a part corresponding to the CP may affect the correct decoding of the AIoT signal. FIG. 5 is an example in which false decoding is introduced by a CP. In the figure, Manchester code is used as linear encoding, and the part copied as the CP introduces false rising / falling edges, so that based on the decoding mechanism of Manchester code, it is decoded into false bits that do not exist. Therefore, this problem needs to be corrected.

[0120] In the present disclosure, in a communication system based on low-cost and low-power Internet of Things devices, when a device and / or a reader (hereinafter collectively referred to as a UE) generates an AIoT signal (for simplicity of description, collectively referred to as the AIoT signal, which may specifically include a signal / channel and a pre-amble, a mid-amble, a post-amble, etc.), a method for generating the AIoT signal based on a CP handling method in an OFDM signal and using additional means to prevent the CP handling method from having additional impact on transmission and reception of the AIoT signal is provided.

[0121] In the present disclosure, for convenience of description, in some exemplary embodiments, the following method is simply referred to as CP handling: for at least one signal corresponding to a first duration in an AIoT signal, copying and inserting, before a start position of a signal corresponding to the first duration, a signal of a second duration at an end of the signal corresponding to the first duration.

[0122] For convenience of description, in some exemplary embodiments, the above-mentioned signal copied and inserted before the start position of the signal corresponding to the first duration is called a CP part in the AIoT signal (further, it may be a CP part of the signal corresponding to the first duration).

[0123] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a method performed by a first UE according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0124] Referring to FIG. 6, at step S601, the first UE generates a first signal, where the first signal includes at least one third signal corresponding to a first duration, and where each third signal of at least one third signal includes a fourth signal corresponding to a second duration, and the fourth signal is located at an end of a third signal including the fourth signal.

[0125] At step S602, the first UE generates a second signal based on a first condition, where the second signal includes at least one third signal and at least one fifth signal, and where each fifth signal of at least one fifth signal corresponds to one third signal of at least one third signal, and each fifth signal of at least one fifth signal is located before the one third signal corresponding to the fifth signal.

[0126] At step S603, the first UE transmits the second signal to a second UE. The first condition is used to determine a method for generating at least one fifth signal and / or used to determine whether to generate at least one fifth signal.

[0127] Specifically, the first UE may generate the first signal through modulation based on information bits or based on the information bits and linear encoding; the first signal includes at least one third signal corresponding to the first duration; in at least one third signal corresponding to the first duration, a signal at an end thereof corresponding to a part of the second duration is called a fourth signal.

[0128] In addition, based on the first condition, for at least one third signal included in the first signal, the first UE may copy and insert, before a start position of the third signal, the fourth signal corresponding to the second duration at the end of the third signal using at least one of the following methods, thereby generating the second signal:

[0129] generating at least one third signal based on the information bits or based on the information bits and the line encoding, and copying and inserting the fourth signal before the start position of the third signal;

[0130] generating signals of at least one third signal other than the fourth signal based on the information bits or based on the information bits and the line encoding, and generating the fourth signal using other methods and copying and inserting the fourth signal before the start position of the third signal;

[0131] generating at least one third signal based on the information bits or based on the information bits and the line encoding, and copying and inserting the fourth signal before the start position of the third signal, where a value of at least one chip in the fourth signal is changed if a third condition is satisfied and / or a value of at least one chip in the fifth signal is changed if the third condition is satisfied;

[0132] generating at least one third signal based on the information bits or based on the information bits and the line encoding or generating signals of at least one third signal other than the fourth signal based on the information bits or based on the information bits and the line encoding, and adjusting the generated at least one third signal and / or signals of at least one third signal other than the fourth signal, and copying and inserting the fourth signal before the start position of the third signal; where the adjusting includes at least one of: adjusting the start position of the third signal in each or the first or eligible OFDM symbol (which may be achieved by inserting a padding chip before the start position of the third signal), adjusting a number of chips corresponding to the third signal and / or the fourth signal in each or the first or eligible OFDM symbol; where the eligible OFDM symbol includes: a first chip in an OFDM symbol corresponding to a first chip of a line encoded codeword;

[0133] generating at least one fifth signal based on the information bits;

[0134] generating at least one fifth signal based on a predetermined value or sequence;

[0135] generating at least one fifth signal based on a value of a signal before a start position of the fifth signal and / or based on a value of a signal after an end position of the fifth signal.

[0136] In addition, the first UE may transmit the second signal to the second UE.

[0137] The first UE copies and inserts, before the start position of the third signal, the fourth signal corresponding to the second duration at the end of the third signal. For convenience of description, the copied and inserted signal may be called a fifth signal in the present disclosure.

[0138] The first duration includes one OFDM symbol. Correspondingly, the third signal includes a signal corresponding to one OFDM symbol in the first signal.

[0139] The second duration may correspond to a CP length in the NR system, further including one or more CP lengths supported in the NR system. Correspondingly, the fourth signal corresponding to a part of the second duration at the end of the third signal includes the signal copied as the CP part in the signal corresponding to one OFDM symbol in the first signal. Correspondingly, the fifth signal copied from the fourth signal and inserted before the third signal includes the CP part of the signal corresponding to one OFDM symbol.

[0140] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a method performed by a second UE according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0141] Referring to FIG. 7, at step S701, the second UE receives a second signal from a first UE, where the second signal includes at least one third signal corresponding to a first duration.

[0142] At step S702, the second UE, based on a first condition, determines whether the second signal includes at least one fifth signal and / or determines a method for generating at least one fifth signal, and / or determines whether to remove the at least one fifth signal from the second signal, where each fifth signal of at least one fifth signal corresponds to one third signal of at least one third signal, and each fifth signal of at least one fifth signal is located before one third signal corresponding to the fifth signal.

[0143] At step S703, the second UE, based on a second condition, determines a method for generating at least one fourth signal corresponding to a second duration and / or determines whether to remove at least one fourth signal from the second signal, where at least one fourth signal is included in at least one third signal respectively and is located at an end of at least one third signal respectively.

[0144] At step S704, the second UE decodes the first signal, where the first signal is a signal after at least one fifth signal is removed from the second signal and / or after at least one fourth signal is removed from the second signal, or without removing at least one fifth signal and at least one fourth signal from the second signal.

[0145] Specifically, the second UE may receive the second signal transmitted by the first UE, where the second signal includes at least one third signal corresponding to the first duration.

[0146] In addition, the second UE may, based on the first condition, determine whether the second signal includes at least one fifth signal, and / or determine a generation method of at least one fifth signal, and / or determine whether to remove at least one fifth signal from the second signal; where the fifth signal is a signal generated by copying and inserting, before the start position of the third signal, the fourth signal corresponding to the second duration at the end of the third signal.

[0147] In addition, the second UE may, based on the second condition, determine a generation method of at least one fourth signal, and / or determine whether to remove at least one fourth signal from the second signal; where the fourth signal is a signal corresponding to a part of the second duration which is located at an end of at least one third signal corresponding to the first duration.

[0148] Further, the second UE may decode the first signal, including decoding the first signal through demodulation based on the information bits, or based on the information bits and the line encoding. The first signal is a signal after removing at least one fifth signal from the second signal and / or after removing at least one fourth signal from the second signal or after not performing the removal from the second signal.

[0149] FIG. 8 is an example diagram of the above method, which provides examples related to the relationship between the first signal, the second signal, the third signal, the fourth signal, the fifth signal and the positions.

[0150] Optionally, the first UE is a reader in the AIoT system, and the second UE is a device in the AIoT system.

[0151] The first condition may be used to determine how to copy and insert the fourth signal before the start position of the third signal and / or to determine whether to copy and insert the fourth signal before the start position of the third signal.

[0152] The first condition includes at least one of:

[0153] a configured or predefined criterion related to CP handling and / or related to the fifth signal and / or related to the fourth signal;

[0154] an indication of a method of CP handling and / or related to a generation method of the fifth signal and / or a generation method of the fourth signal; optionally, for the method of CP handling used for an R2D channel (e.g. PRDCH), the indication is included in the corresponding pre-amble (which may also be a pre-amble and / or a mid-amble and / or a post-amble) of the R2D channel;

[0155] parameters related to a chip length and / or a transmission rate; the parameters include a number M of chips included in each OFDM symbol, and since the length of the OFDM symbol can be determined by wireless communication-related configurations such as a subcarrier spacing (SCS) and a slot length and other physical parameters, M may be considered to be a parameter related to the chip length; where the calculation of M may or may not include the CP part;

[0156] whether a number of information bits corresponding to the AIoT signal exceeds a threshold, and / or whether the transmission duration corresponding to the AIoT signal exceeds a threshold;

[0157] whether false decoding results will be introduced after the fifth signal is generated.

[0158] Whether false decoding results will be introduced after the fifth signal is generated includes at least one of: the presence of rising edges and / or falling edges in the generated fifth signal; a sum of a number of rising edges and falling edges in the generated fifth signal exceeds a predetermined threshold (optionally, exceeding 1); after the fifth signal is generated, the second signal including the fifth signal has additional rising edges and / or falling edges compared with the first signal. The benefit of the method is that if no false decoding results are introduced after the fifth signal is generated, a more common method can be used for CP handling; otherwise, if false decoding results are introduced, the first UE may avoid the generation of the false decoding results through additional processing methods (e.g., other methods of generating the fourth signal, etc.), thereby enabling the second UE to correctly receive and decode the second signal.

[0159] Furthermore, since the falsely decoded signal part corresponding to the rising edges and / or falling edges introduced by the fifth signal may be removed by the second UE itself, the removal may be performed based on the chip length corresponding to the rising edges and / or falling edges introduced by the fifth signal, and whether the false decoding results will be introduced after the fifth signal is generated may also be determined based on the parameters related to the chip length and / or the transmission rate in the first condition. Therefore, whether the false decoding results will be introduced after the fifth signal is generated may also include at least one of: whether a chip length in the generated fifth signal is larger than the second duration, and / or whether a chip length corresponding to the rising edges and / or falling edges introduced by the fifth signal is larger than the second duration; whether a degree of offset between the chip length in the generated fifth signal and the second duration (e.g., an offset and / or a ratio between the chip length and the second duration) is in a preset / configured threshold range, and / or whether a degree of offset between the chip length corresponding to the rising edges and / or falling edges introduced by the fifth signal and the second duration (e.g., an offset and / or a ratio between the chip length and the second duration) is in a preset / configured threshold range.

[0160] Optionally, the condition in the first condition of whether the number of information bits corresponding to the AIoT signal exceeds the threshold, and / or whether the transmission duration corresponding to the AIoT signal exceeds the threshold may also be replaced by or further include: whether a signaling type corresponding to the AIoT signal corresponds to one or more specific types; for example, whether it corresponds to paging signaling, or whether it corresponds to trigger signaling in an inventory cycle (or a round of inventory, where similar replacement may also be used below) (which may be transmitted at the start of this inventory cycle), or whether it corresponds to Msg2 and / or Msg4, or whether it corresponds to signaling corresponding to command communication of the AIoT. The technical effect of the method is that, since the AIoT signal can correspond to several specific signaling types (e.g., paging signaling of a higher layer, trigger signaling at the start of each inventory cycle, specific signaling in the inventory cycle (such as Msg2, Msg4), etc.), and some specific signaling types can correspond to specific formats, and a number of information bits or a range of the number of information bits corresponding there to may be expected (for example, the paging signaling may correspond to 200 bits or more; for another example, the specific signaling such as Msg2 and Msg4 may correspond to 96 bits), and the transmission duration corresponding to the AIoT signal may be determined based on the number of information bits and the value of M and other physical layer parameters such as line encoding, CRC, FEC, etc. Therefore, whether the number of information bits corresponding to the AIoT signal exceeds the threshold and / or whether the transmission duration corresponding to the AIoT signal exceeds the threshold may also be determined based on the signaling type. Furthermore, since a physical layer of the UE may not be able to determine the type of part of the signaling, for example, when the signaling corresponds to higher layer signaling, its content is transparent to the UE; therefore, the UE may determine the type of the signaling in conjunction with the transmission process and other signaling transmitted / received. For example, after the UE starts a communication process corresponding to the inventory, the first signaling expected to be received is the paging signaling; after the UE transmits Msg1 / Msg3, the next signaling expected to be received is Msg2 / Msg4; after starting a communication process corresponding to a command, the signaling expected to be received is signaling corresponding to command communication.

[0161] Optionally, being based on the parameters related to the chip length and / or the transmission rate in the first condition further includes being based on at least one of:

[0162] whether the chip length is larger than the second duration;

[0163] a degree of offset between the chip length and the second duration, for example, whether an offset and / or a ratio between the chip length and the second duration is in a preset / configured threshold range;

[0164] whether a number of chips corresponding to the fourth signal and / or the fifth signal exceeds a preset / configured threshold range.

[0165] Optionally, the first UE determines multiple methods of copying and inserting the fourth signal before the start position of the third signal, and always uses at least one method of the multiple methods, and when one / more or at least one of the first conditions is satisfied, uses at least one other method of the multiple methods.

[0166] Optionally, the first UE determines multiple methods of copying and inserting the fourth signal before the start position of the third signal, and uses at least one method of the multiple methods when one / more or at least one of the first conditions is satisfied, and uses at least one other method of the multiple methods when one / more or at least one of the first conditions is not satisfied.

[0167] Optionally, based on the first condition, the first UE may also determine not to perform an operation of copying and inserting, before a start position of a signal corresponding to one time unit (for example, an OFDM symbol), a signal of the first duration at an end of the signal corresponding to one time unit, that is, not performing an operation related to CP handling on the AIoT signal. The advantage of the method is that it has low complexity and reduces the overhead corresponding to the CP part. The disadvantage of the method is that the orthogonality of OFDM signals cannot be used to mitigate interference of coexistence with NR. The method can be used in the scenario of stand-alone deployment, or in the scenario where a large gap exists between the deployment frequency bands of AloT and NR systems.

[0168] At least one fourth signal is generated based on information bits, or based on information bits and line encoding (that is, the generation method is not changed due to CP handling), and / or is generated by at least one of the following methods (that is, due to CP handling, a special generation method is used for the fourth signal corresponding to a specific time range):

[0169] all signals in the fourth signal, or values corresponding to the first M1 chips or codewords in the fourth signal and / or corresponding to the last M2 chips or codewords in the fourth signal are based on preset values;

[0170] all signals in the fourth signal, or values corresponding to the first M1 chips or codewords in the fourth signal and / or corresponding to the last M2 chips or codewords in the fourth signal are preset values, including a sequence consisting of multiple preset values;

[0171] all signals in the fourth signal, or values corresponding to the first M1 chips or codewords in the fourth signal and / or corresponding to the last M2 chips or codewords in the fourth signal are determined based on states of the last M3 chips before the start position of the fourth signal in the third signal to which the fourth signal corresponds; for example, M3 = 1, the state of the last chip before the start position of the fourth signal is 0 (for example, a low level after OOK modulation), then the values of the first M1 chips or codewords in the fourth signal are 0; the M1 chips or codewords may be a part of the fourth signal or all of the fourth signal according to different values of M1;

[0172] all signals in the fourth signal, or values corresponding to the first M1 chips or codewords in the fourth signal and / or corresponding to the last M2 chips or codewords in the fourth signal are determined based on states of the first M3 chips in the third signal to which the fourth signal corresponds; for example, M3 = 1, the state of the first chip at the start position of the third signal is 0 (for example, a low level after OOK modulation), then the values of the last M1 chips or codewords in the fourth signal are 0; the M1 chips or codewords may be a part of the fourth signal or all of the fourth signal according to different values of M1;

[0173] all signals in the fourth signal, or values corresponding to the first M1 chips or codewords in the fourth signal and / or corresponding to the last M2 chips or codewords in the fourth signal are determined based on states of the last M3 chips in the last third signal before the third signal to which the fourth signal corresponds; where the last M3 chips may be included in a fourth signal in the last third signal before the third signal to which the fourth signal corresponds; for example, M3 = 1, the state of the last chip in the last third signal before the third signal to which the fourth signal corresponds is 0 (for example, a low level after OOK modulation), then the values of the first M1 chips or codewords in the fourth signal are 0; the M1 chips or codewords may be a part of the fourth signal or all of the fourth signal according to different values of M1.

[0174] At least one of values of M1, M2 and M3 may be a preset, configured, implementation-based value, or may be determined based on the parameters related to the chip length and / or the transmission rate, and the specific details of the parameters and the usage of the parameters are similar to those in the first condition.

[0175] Optionally, when a number of chips corresponding to the fourth signal is not an integer, for a chip which can be the first chip corresponding to the fourth signal, and / or a chip which can be the last chip corresponding to the fourth signal, and / or at least one chip partially corresponding to the fourth signal and partially not corresponding to the fourth signal, the value of the chip may also be determined using at least one of the above methods (that is, based on the preset value, based on specific M3 chip, etc.). Optionally, when a part of at least one chip corresponds to the fourth signal and a part of at least one chip does not correspond to the fourth signal, the part corresponding to the fourth signal is generated by at least one of the above methods, and the part not corresponding to the fourth signal is generated based on information bits, or based on information bits and line encoding (that is, the generation method is not changed due to CP handling).

[0176] The method of generating at least one fourth signal (including the above method of not changing the generation method due to CP handling and the method of using a special generation method for the fourth signal corresponding to a specific time range due to CP handling) is based on a second condition.

[0177] The second condition includes at least one of:

[0178] at least one of the first conditions;

[0179] for every N third signals, fourth signals corresponding to N-n third signals use one method of generating a fourth signal (for example, generating based on information bits, or based on information bits and line encoding), and fourth signals corresponding to the other n third signals use another method of generating a fourth signal; where N and n are non-negative integers. In an exemplary embodiment, N = 2, n = 1;

[0180] whether CP handling introduces false (i.e., without corresponding information bits) signal rising edges and / or falling edges;

[0181] the CP handling introduces false (i.e. without corresponding information bits) signal rising edges and / or falling edges, and a signal length between at least two false signal rising edges and / or falling edges and / or a signal length between at least one false signal rising edge and / or falling edge and at least one signal rising edge and / or falling edge in the first signal satisfy a third condition.

[0182] Whether the CP handling introduces the false (i.e., without corresponding information bits) signal rising edges and / or falling edges further includes at least one of:

[0183] after the CP handling, there being additional signal rising edges and / or falling edges compared to an original signal (i.e. the second signal compared to the first signal);

[0184] after the CP handling, compared with the original signal (i.e., the second signal compared with the first signal), a length of at least one chip corresponding to the additional signal rising edges and / or falling edges satisfies the third condition.

[0185] The technical principles and advantageous effects of the method and the technical principles and advantageous effects of determining whether the false decoding results will be introduced after the fifth signal is generated are similar.

[0186] Optionally, the third condition includes at least one of:

[0187] whether a signal length between at least two false signal rising edges and / or falling edges and / or a signal length between at least one false signal rising edge and / or falling edge and at least one signal rising edge and / or falling edge in the first signal is larger than a second duration;

[0188] whether an offset and / or a ratio between the signal length of at least two false signal rising edges and / or falling edges and the second duration is in a preset / configured threshold range, and / or whether an offset and / or a ratio between the signal length of at least one false signal rising edge and / or falling edge and at least one signal rising edge and / or falling edge in the first signal and the second duration is in a preset / configured threshold range;

[0189] whether a number of false signal rising edges and / or falling edges, and / or a number of chips corresponding to the false signal rising edges and / or falling edges exceeds a preset / configured threshold range. Optionally, the chips corresponding to the false signal rising edges and / or falling edges include: chips with start positions and / or end positions corresponding to the false signal rising edges and / or falling edges.

[0190] Optionally, the first UE determines multiple methods of generating at least one fourth signal, and always uses at least one method of the multiple methods, and when one / more or at least one of the second conditions is satisfied, uses at least one other method of the multiple methods is used.

[0191] Optionally, the first UE determines multiple methods of generating at least one fourth signal, and uses at least one method of the multiple methods when one / more or at least one of the second conditions is satisfied, and uses at least one other method of the multiple methods when one / more or at least one of the second conditions is not satisfied.

[0192] For a calculation method and a usage method of the number M of chips included in each OFDM symbol, optionally, the calculation method and the usage method of M are determined based on at least one of whether the fourth signal is copied and inserted before the start position of the third signal, the method of copying and inserting the fourth signal before the start position of the third signal, the method of generating at least one fourth signal, and the method of generating at least one fifth signal, including whether the number of chips included in the fifth signal is counted in a value of M, and whether the number of chips included in the fourth signal is counted in the value of M.

[0193] In an exemplary embodiment, the method of generating at least one fifth signal is to generate the fifth signal based on information bits, and the number of chips included in the fifth signal is counted in the value of M. In another exemplary embodiment, the method of generating at least one fifth signal is to generate the fifth signal by copying the fourth signal in the third signal after the fifth signal and inserting the copied fourth signal before the third signal, and the number of chips included in the fifth signal is not counted in the value of M.

[0194] In another exemplary embodiment, the method of generating at least one fourth signal is to generate based on information bits or based on the information bits and line encoding, and the number of chips included in the fourth signal is counted in the value of M. In another exemplary embodiment, the method of generating at least one fourth signal is to generate based on a preset value / sequence, and / or is to generate based on at least one of states of chips before the start position of the fourth signal, states of chips in the third signal in which the fourth signal is located, and states of chips in the last third signal before the third signal in which the fourth signal is located, and the number of chips included in the fourth signal is not counted in the value of M.

[0195] In another exemplary embodiment, the method for generating the second signal by the first UE includes: the third signal being a signal corresponding to a duration of a part that does not correspond to the CP in one OFDM symbol, and the third signal in each OFDM symbol including M chips. The first UE generates the first M-K chips in the third signal in each OFDM symbol based on the information bits or based on the information bits and line encoding, and uses padding chips as the last K chips in the third signal in each OFDM symbol, as shown in FIG. 9. A value of K is a smallest integer that can cause the length of the K chips to be not smaller than the CP length. For example, when M = 24, the length of the CP is approximately equal to 1.875 chips (long CP) or 1.688 chips (normal CP), then K = 2. Values of the padding chips are preset values. In the example in FIG. 9, the values are set to 1, and in other examples, they may also be set to 0. After receiving the second signal, the second UE may remove the padding chips and / or CP (which may only be removed when detecting that CP generation introduces false decoding results, and determining the false decoding results includes determining based on the position corresponding to the CP and / or the length of the chips corresponding to the CP, which has been explained in the section on whether the false decoding results will be introduced after the fifth signal is generated in other embodiments), and decode the remaining signals.

[0196] In another exemplary embodiment, the method for generating the second signal by the first UE includes: the third signal being a signal corresponding to a duration of a part that does not correspond to the CP in one OFDM symbol, and the third signal in each OFDM symbol including M chips. The first UE generates the first M-K chips in the third signal in each OFDM symbol based on the information bits or based on the information bits and line encoding, and uses padding chips as the last K chips in the third signal in each OFDM symbol, as shown in FIG. 10. The value of K is the smallest integer that can cause the length of the K chips to be not smaller than the CP length. The values of the padding chips are the same as the value of the first chip in the OFDM symbol in which the padding chips are located. After receiving the second signal, the second UE may remove the padding chips and / or CP (which may only be removed when detecting that CP generation introduces false decoding results, and determining the false decoding results includes determining based on the position corresponding to the CP and / or the length of the chips corresponding to the CP, which has been explained in the section on whether the false decoding results will be introduced after the fifth signal is generated in other embodiments), and decode the remaining signals. In the method, since the value of the CP is always the same as the first chip after the CP, there will be no transition edge at the end of the CP; a transition edge may occur at the start position of the CP, and the transition edge can be understood as the original position of the transition edge when the information bits are generated based on modulation / modulation and line encoding is advanced from the start position of the first chip to the start position of the CP, which does not affect the normal detection of the receiver; therefore, in the method, only the padding chips may be removed.

[0197] In another exemplary embodiment, the method for generating the second signal by the first UE includes: the third signal being a signal corresponding to a duration of a part that does not correspond to the CP in one OFDM symbol, and the third signal in each OFDM symbol including M chips. The first UE uses the padding chips as the first K and last K chips in the third signal in each OFDM symbol, and generates the remaining M-2K chips in the third signal in each OFDM symbol based on the information bits or based on the information bits and line encoding, as shown in FIG. 11. The value of K is the smallest integer that can cause the length of the K chips to be not smaller than the CP length. The values of the padding chips are preset values. In the example in FIG. 11, the values are set to 1, and in other examples, they may also be set to 0; alternatively, the values of the padding chips are the same as the value of the first chip in the OFDM symbol in which the padding chips are located. After receiving the second signal, the second UE may remove the padding chips and / or CP (which may only be removed when detecting that CP generation introduces false decoding results, and determining the false decoding results includes determining based on the position corresponding to the CP and / or the length of the chips corresponding to the CP, which has been explained in the section on whether the false decoding results will be introduced after the fifth signal is generated in other embodiments), and decode the remaining signals.

[0198] In another exemplary embodiment, the method for generating the second signal by the first UE specifically includes that each OFDM symbol includes M chips (which may be a number of chips included in a part that does not correspond to the CP), and the first chip in the first OFDM symbol or the first chip in every odd OFDM symbol is a padding chip (for example, a chip with a value of always 1, or a chip with a value of always the same as the second chip), and the remaining M-1 chips are generated after the information bits are modulated and line encoded. The line encoding in the example is Manchester code, a codeword corresponding to an information bit 0 consists of two chips

[0010] , and a codeword corresponding to an information bit 1 consists of two chips

[0001] . In the example, M is always a multiple of 2. The technical effect of the method is that the principle of Manchester code determines the information bits by transition in a level from high to low or low to high, which is transition in the middle of two chips in the codeword; when no padding chips are inserted, the transition of Manchester code always occurs inside the OFDM symbol rather than at the edge, so it may appear that the chip at the end of one OFDM symbol is 1, and the chip at the end of the next OFDM symbol is 1. When no CP is inserted, the transition should not be detected originally, but the insertion of a CP with a value of 0 leads to the detection of false transition edges, which causes decoding errors (or conversely, the information bit is 0 and the CP is 1, the principle is similar); after the padding chips are inserted, a boundary of the OFDM symbol (except a start edge of the first OFDM symbol) corresponds to the transition edge of Manchester code, that is, the corresponding chips before and after the boundary of the OFDM symbol always include different values of 0 and 1. Therefore, regardless of whether the inserted CP is 0 or 1, its corresponding waveform will always have the same value as one of the chips before and after the boundary of the OFDM symbol. Therefore, CP inserting does not cause additional transition edges, which does not introduce decoding errors.

[0199] In another exemplary embodiment, the method for generating the second signal by the first UE includes that each OFDM symbol includes M chips (which may be a number of chips included in a part that does not correspond to the CP), which are generated after information bits are modulated and line encoded; M = M1 in the first OFDM symbol used for the second signal, M = M2 in other OFDM symbols, M = M3 in the last OFDM symbol, M2 is always a multiple of 2, M1 = M2+1 or M1 = M2-1, M3 = M2 or M3 = M2+1 or M3 = M2-1 (which may be determined based on the end position of the second signal, for example, the number of chips mapped from the information bits corresponds to the end position of the second signal. If the position is not aligned with the end edge of the OFDM symbol, chips continue to be padded until M3 = M2; otherwise, it is possible that M3 = M2+1 or M3 = M2-1). The method can be implemented by adjusting the length of the chips in the first and / or last OFDM symbol.

[0200] In another exemplary embodiment, the method for generating the second signal by the first UE includes that each OFDM symbol includes M chips (which may be a number of chips included in a part that does not correspond to the CP, or a total number of chips included in the part that corresponds to and the part that does not correspond to the CP), and when M is larger than a threshold, the first UE generates the third signal and / or the fourth signal through the method of introducing padding chips / padding bits in other embodiments, and accordingly generates the second signal; when M is smaller than the threshold, the first UE generates the third signal and / or the fourth signal through the method of adjusting the start position of the third signal in the first OFDM symbol (e.g., inserting a padding chip before the start position of the third signal) or adjusting a number of chips in the first / eligible OFDM symbol in other embodiments, and accordingly generates the second signal. The technical effect of the method is that when M is smaller than the threshold, the CP part corresponds to being smaller than one chip, so there may be a transition edge at the CP edge, but there is no transition edge inside the CP, so false decoding caused by the CP can be avoided by adjusting the position of the transition edge of Manchester code; however, when M exceeds the threshold, the CP part corresponds to multiple chips, and there may also be a transition edge inside the CP, so even if the false decoding caused by the CP edge is avoided by adjusting the position of the transition edge of Manchester code, it is still impossible to solve the false decoding caused by the transition edge inside the CP, it also needs to combine padding bits so that the generated CP does not include transition edges.

[0201] In another exemplary embodiment, the method for generating the second signal by the first UE includes that each OFDM symbol includes M chips (which may be a number of chips included in a part that does not correspond to the CP, or a total number of chips included in the part that corresponds to and the part that does not correspond to the CP), and when M is larger than a threshold, the first UE generates the third signal and / or the fourth signal through the method of introducing padding chips / padding bits in other embodiments, and / or through the method of adjusting the start position of the third signal, and / or the method of adjusting a number of chips in the first / eligible OFDM symbol, and accordingly generates the second signal; when M is smaller than the threshold, the first UE generates the second signal through the first signal, and does not use a special method to process the third signal and the fourth signal, that is, does not change the method of generating the signal due to CP handling. In the method, it is considered that the receiver removes the signal of the CP part itself to process false decoding introduced by the CP. The technical effect of the method is that when M is smaller than the threshold, the chip length is large, and the CP part corresponds to being smaller than one chip, so after the receiver removes the CP part itself, although there may be errors due to factors such as a clock offset (such as an offset between positions of the removed CP and the actually received CP), which causes the detection of false transition edges, but a distance between the detected transition edges (that is, the length of chips between two transition edges) is usually much smaller than the general length of line encoded chips, the method for removing the CP by the receiver itself can have a relatively small impact on system performance; however, when M is larger than the threshold, the chip length is small, and the CP part corresponds to multiple chips, so it is more complex to remove, and the false transition edges that may be detected after removing the CP are more difficult to distinguish from general line encoded chips, which has a relatively larger negative impact on system performance and require additional methods to handle false decoding introduced by the CP.

[0202] In another exemplary embodiment, the method for generating the second signal by the first UE includes that each OFDM symbol includes M chips (which may be a number of chips included in a part that does not correspond to the CP, or a total number of chips included in the part that corresponds to and the part that does not correspond to the CP). When M is smaller than a threshold, the first UE generates the third signal and / or the fourth signal through the method of adjusting the start position of the third signal and / or the method of adjusting a number of chips in the first / eligible OFDM symbol in other embodiments, and accordingly generates the second signal; when M is larger than the threshold, the first UE generates the second signal through the first signal, and does not use a special method to process the third signal and the fourth signal, that is, does not change the method of generating the signal due to CP handling. In the method, it is considered that the receiver removes the signal of the CP part itself to process false decoding introduced by the CP. The technical effect of the method is that when M is smaller than the threshold, the false decoding caused by the CP can be avoided by adjusting the position of the transition edge of Manchester code (the specific principle has been explained in the previous embodiments); when M is larger than the threshold, since the CP part corresponds to multiple chips, the relative processing method is relatively complex, and removal by the receiver itself can reduce the complexity of signal generation and avoid the signal overhead caused by inserting padding bits / adjusting the number of chips, which improves transmission efficiency.

[0203] In the AIoT communication system, the generation thereof may also be based on CP handling for at least one of a pre-amble, a mid-amble, and a post-amble, thereby reducing coexistence interference between systems. Since the pre-amble, the mid-amble, and the post-amble usually include one or more preset sequences, which are known or relatively expected to the transmitting UE and the receiving UE, the CP handling can use a special method, for example, corresponding to a given pre-amble sequence, a preset CP handling method is used; for other signals / channels, other CP handling methods are used.

[0204] Optionally, at least one of whether the fourth signal is copied and inserted before the start position of the third signal, and / or at least one method of copying and inserting the fourth signal before the start position of the third signal, and / or the method of generating at least one fourth signal, and / or the method of generating at least one fifth signal may be determined based on at least one of:

[0205] whether the first signal and / or the second signal correspond to at least one of a pre-amble, a mid-amble, and a post-amble;

[0206] whether the first signal and / or second signal corresponds to data or physical layer control information or a PRDCH;

[0207] whether the first signal and / or second signal corresponds to at least one of an SIP, an EIP, a CAP.

[0208] Optionally, when the first signal and / or the second signal correspond to at least one of the pre-amble, the mid-amble, and the post-amble, and / or correspond to the SIP and / or the EIP, and / or the corresponding sequence is a preset or configured first sequence, at least one of the following methods is performed:

[0209] generating the fifth signal based on a preset value or first sequence; in a specific example, the first sequence is a continuous low level sequence or a continuous high level sequence, such as [00000000...] or [11111111...], where 1 may be a high level after OOK modulation, 0 may be a low level after OOK modulation;

[0210] generating the fifth signal by copying the fourth signal in the third signal after the fifth signal and inserting the copied fourth signal before the third signal;

[0211] generating all chips or the first M1 chips / codewords or the last M1 chips / codewords in the fourth signal based on at least one of states of the last M3 chips before the start position of the fourth signal and / or states of the first M3 chips in the third signal in which the fourth signal is located and / or states of the last M3 chips in the last third signal before the third signal in which the fourth signal is located; in a specific example, values of all chips or the first M1 chips / codewords or the last M1 chips / codewords in the fourth signal are the same as at least one of the states of the last M3 chips before the start position of the fourth signal, and / or the states of the first M3 chips in the third signal in which the fourth signal is located, and / or the states of the last M3 chips in the last third signal before the third signal in which the fourth signal is located; the technical effect of the method is that the waveform of the pre-amble, the mid-amble, the post-amble or the SIP / EIP is maintained, so that the UE can identify that the signal after CP handling corresponds to the pre-amble, the mid-amble, the post-amble or the SIP / EIP.

[0212] Optionally, when the first signal and / or the second signal correspond to at least one of the pre-amble, the mid-amble, and the post-amble, and / or correspond to the CAP, and / or the corresponding sequence is a preset or configured second sequence, at least one of the following methods is used:

[0213] generating the fifth signal based on a preset value or second sequence; in a specific example, the second sequence is a sequence with switching of a high level and a low level, such as [01010101...] or [10101010...], where 1 may be the high level after OOK modulation, and 0 may be the low level after OOK modulation;

[0214] generating the fifth signal by copying the fourth signal in the third signal after the fifth signal and inserting the copied fourth signal before the third signal;

[0215] generating all chips or the first M1 chips / codewords or the last M1 chips / codewords in the fourth signal based on at least one of states of the last M3 chips before the start position of the fourth signal and / or states of the first M3 chips in the third signal in which the fourth signal is located and / or states of the last M3 chips in the last third signal before the third signal in which the fourth signal is located; in a specific example, values of all chips or the first M1 chips / codewords or the last M1 chips / codewords in the fourth signal are different from at least one of the states of the last M3 chips before the start position of the fourth signal, and / or the states of the first M3 chips in the third signal in which the fourth signal is located, and / or the states of the last M3 chips in the last third signal before the third signal in which the fourth signal is located; the technical effect of the method is that, since the signal of the pre-amble, the mid-amble, the post-amble or the CAP does not carry information bits and can be used for measurement or clock acquisition by the UE, the processing method can ensure that the high level and the low level of the signal are continuously switched in the second signal, thereby contributing to improving the accuracy of measurement or clock acquisition by the UE.

[0216] Optionally, at least one of whether the fourth signal is copied and inserted before the start position of the third signal, and / or at least one method of copying and inserting the fourth signal before the start position of the third signal, and / or the method of generating at least one fourth signal (for convenience of reference in other paragraphs of the specification, first information may be used in the specification to refer to at least one of whether the fourth signal is copied and inserted before the start position of the third signal, and / or at least one method of copying and inserting the fourth signal before the start position of the third signal, and / or the method of generating at least one fourth signal) may be indicated based on at least one of:

[0217] being implicitly indicated based on a CP handling method used for at least one of a pre-amble, a mid-amble, and a post-amble associated with the first signal and / or the second signal. In an exemplary embodiment, the CP handling method used for at least one of the pre-amble, the mid-amble, and the post-amble is the same as a CP handling method used for the first signal and / or the second signal. In another exemplary embodiment, a first CP handling method used for at least one of the pre-amble, the mid-amble, and the post-amble corresponds to a second CP handling method used for the first signal and / or the second signal, a third CP handling method used for at least one of the pre-amble, the mid-amble, and the post-amble corresponds to a fourth CP handling method used for the first signal and / or the second signal, and so on;

[0218] being implicitly indicated based on a sequence used for at least one of a pre-amble, a mid-amble, and a post-amble associated with the first signal and / or the second signal. In an exemplary embodiment, a first sequence used for at least one of the pre-amble, the mid-amble, and the post-amble corresponds to a first CP handling method used for the first signal and / or the second signal, a second sequence used for at least one of the pre-amble, the mid-amble, and the post-amble corresponds to a second CP handling method used for the first signal and / or the second signal, and so on;

[0219] being explicitly indicated by a field in at least one of a pre-amble, a mid-amble, and a post-amble associated with the first signal and / or the second signal. In an exemplary embodiment, the field includes multiple values, and different values correspond to different CP handling methods; in another exemplary embodiment, the field indicates a value of a parameter related to the first condition and / or the second condition, for example, indicating a value of the number M of chips included in each OFDM symbol, and the indication combined with the first condition and / or the second condition can be used to determine the CP handling method;

[0220] being explicitly indicated in a field at a specific position in the first signal and / or the second signal (for example, several start bits of the first signal and / or the second signal), which may be similar to the method of explicitly indicating by the field in at least one of the pre-amble, the mid-amble, and the post-amble associated with the first signal and / or the second signal.

[0221] The first signal and / or the second signal is transmitted in a PRDCH or an R2D signal, and a pre-amble before the PRDCH or the R2D signal, a mid-amble added in the middle of the PRDCH or the R2D signal, and a post-amble after the PRDCH or the R2D signal are the pre-amble, the mid-amble, and the post-amble associated with the first signal and / or the second signal.

[0222] The above indication includes directly indicating the first information, and also includes indicating the first condition and / or the second condition. Since the specification provides the technical scheme of determining the CP handling method based on the first condition and / or the second condition (the first information is included in the method), therefore the indicating of the first condition and / or the second condition may be understood as indirectly indicating of the first information. For example, based on the above method, the number M of chips included in each OFDM symbol (corresponding to the parameters related to the chip length and / or the transmission rate in the first condition) and / or the number of information bits corresponding to the AIoT signal (corresponding to whether the number of information bits corresponding to the AIoT signal exceeds a threshold in the first condition) are indicated, where the number M of chips included in each OFDM symbol and / or the number of information bits corresponding to the AIoT signal may be used to determine the first information.

[0223] The technical effects of the above indication methods include that, since the UE determines the CP handling method and decodes the received second signal accordingly according to the method, if the UE can, before receiving the second signal, determine the CP handling method or determine the first condition and / or the second condition, the UE can accordingly determine how to decode the received second signal, thereby reducing the overhead caused by blind detection of the second signal using various methods supported in the system. Alternatively, if the UE can determine a part of the first condition and / or the second condition before receiving the second signal, and accordingly reduce the range of CP handling methods from all methods supported in the system to several methods, then only the several methods can be used for blind detection instead of all methods, thereby reducing the overhead caused by blind detection. In the above methods, the first signal and / or the second signal correspond to a PRDCH or an R2D signal, and information related to the first condition and / or the second condition can be indicated in a pre-amble associated with the PRDCH or the R2D signal, and then time resources used by the pre-amble is before the PRDCH or the R2D signal according to the signal structure in the system, so that the UE can, before receiving the PRDCH or the R2D signal, determine the first condition and / or the second condition, and / or determine the CP handling method.

[0224] FIG. 12 illustrates a block diagram of a user equipment (UE) 1200 according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0225] Referring to FIG. 12, the UE 1200 according to various embodiments of the present disclosure may include a transceiver 1201 and a controller 1202. For example, the transceiver 1201 may be configured to transmit and receive signals. For example, the controller 1202 may be coupled to the transceiver 1201 and configured to perform the aforementioned methods.

[0226] Those skilled in the art will understand that the above illustrative embodiments are described herein and are not intended to be limiting. It should be understood that any two or more of the embodiments disclosed herein may be combined in any combination. Furthermore, other embodiments may be utilized and other changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the subject matter presented herein. It will be readily understood that aspects of the invention of the disclosure as generally described herein and shown in the drawings may be arranged, replaced, combined, separated and designed in various different configurations, all of which are contemplated herein.

[0227] Those skilled in the art will understand that the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and steps described in the present application may be implemented as hardware, software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability between hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps are generally described above in the form of their functional sets. Whether such function sets are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system. Technicians may implement the described functional sets in different ways for each specific application, but such design decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present application.

[0228] The various illustrative logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in the present application may be implemented or performed by a general purpose processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logics, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. The general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in an alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, more than one microprocessors, one or more microprocessors cooperating with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[0229] The steps of the method or algorithm described in the present application may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination thereof. The software module may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, register, hard disk, removable disk, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to a processor to enable the processor to read and write information from / to the storage media. In an alternative, the storage medium may be integrated into the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC. The ASIC may reside in a user terminal. In an alternative, the processor and the storage medium may reside in the user terminal as discrete components.

[0230] In one or more exemplary designs, the functions may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, each function may be stored as one or more pieces of instructions or codes on a computer-readable medium or delivered through it. The computer-readable medium includes both a computer storage medium and a communication medium, the latter including any medium that facilitates the transfer of computer programs from one place to another. The storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer.

[0231] The above description is only an exemplary implementation of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention, which is determined by the appended claims.

Claims

A method performed by a first user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, comprising:generating a first signal, wherein the first signal includes at least one third signal corresponding to a first duration, and wherein each third signal of the at least one third signal includes a fourth signal corresponding to a second duration, and the fourth signal is located at an end of a third signal including the fourth signal;generating a second signal based on a first condition, wherein the second signal includes the at least one third signal and at least one fifth signal, and wherein each fifth signal of the at least one fifth signal corresponds to one third signal of the at least one third signal, and each fifth signal of the at least one fifth signal is located before one third signal corresponding to the fifth signal;transmitting, to a second UE, the second signal,wherein the first condition is used to determine a method for generating the at least one fifth signal or used to determine whether to generate the at least one fifth signal.The method of claim 1, wherein the method for generating the at least one fifth signal includes at least one of:using, by generating the at least one third signal based on information bits or based on the information bits and line encoding and copying and inserting the fourth signal before a start position of the third signal including the fourth signal, the copied fourth signal as a fifth signal corresponding to the third signal;using, by generating a signal other than the fourth signal in the at least one third signal based on the information bits or based on the information bits and the line encoding, generating the fourth signal using another method, and copying and inserting the fourth signal before the start position of the third signal including the fourth signal, the copied fourth signal as the fifth signal corresponding to the third signal;using, by generating the at least one third signal based on the information bits or based on the information bits and the line encoding and copying and inserting the fourth signal before the start position of the third signal including the fourth signal, the copied fourth signal as the fifth signal corresponding to the third signal, wherein a value of at least one chip in the fourth signal is changed when a third condition is satisfied, or a value of at least one chip in the fifth signal is changed when the third condition is satisfied;generating the at least one fifth signal based on the information bits;generating the at least one fifth signal based on a preset value or sequence;generating the at least one fifth signal based on a value of a signal before a start position of a fifth signal or based on a value of a signal after an end position of the fifth signal.The method of claim 1, wherein the first condition is related to at least one of:a configured or predefined criterion related to generation of the second signal,a configured or predefined criterion related to the fifth signal,a configured or predefined criterion related to the fourth signal,an indication related to a method of generating the second signal,an indication related to a method of generating the fifth signal,an indication related to a method of generating the fourth signal,a parameter related to a chip length or a transmission rate,whether a number of information bits corresponding to the first signal or the second signal exceeds a first threshold,whether a transmission duration corresponding to the first signal or the second signal exceeds a second threshold,whether, after the at least one fifth signal is generated, the fifth signal will cause false decoding.The method of claim 3, wherein if the first condition is related to the parameter related to the chip length or the transmission rate, the first condition is further related to at least one of:whether the chip length is larger than the second duration,whether an offset or a ratio between the chip length and the second duration is in a preset or configured threshold range,whether a number of chips corresponding to the fourth signal or the fifth signal exceeds a preset or configured threshold range.The method of claim 2, further comprising at least one of:determining multiple methods for generating the at least one fifth signal, and always generating the at least one fifth signal using at least one first method of the multiple methods, and generating the at least one fifth signal using at least one second method of the multiple methods when the first condition is satisfied;determining the multiple methods for generating the at least one fifth signal, and generating the at least one fifth signal using at least one third method of the multiple methods when the first condition is satisfied, and generating the at least one fifth signal using at least one fourth method of the multiple methods when the first condition is not satisfied.The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one fourth signal is generated based on information bits or based on the information bits and line encoding, or by at least one of the following methods:all signals in the fourth signal, or values corresponding to first M1 chips or codewords in the fourth signal or corresponding to last M2 chips or codewords in the fourth signal being determined based on preset values,all signals in the fourth signal, or the values corresponding to the first M1 chips or codewords in the fourth signal or corresponding to the last M2 chips or codewords in the fourth signal being preset values, wherein the preset values include a sequence consisting of multiple preset values,all signals in the fourth signal, or the values corresponding to the first M1 chips or codewords in the fourth signal or corresponding to the last M2 chips or codewords in the fourth signal being determined based on states of last M3 chips before a start position of the fourth signal,all signals in the fourth signal, or the values corresponding to the first M1 chips or codewords in the fourth signal or corresponding to the last M2 chips or codewords in the fourth signal being determined based on states of first M3 chips in the third signal in which the fourth signal is located,all signals in the fourth signal, or the values corresponding to the first M1 chips or codewords in the fourth signal or corresponding to the last M2 chips or codewords in the fourth signal being determined based on states of last M3 chips in a last third signal before the third signal in which the fourth signal is located,wherein at least one of M1, M2, and M3 is determined based on the first condition.The method of claim 6, wherein when a number of chips corresponding to the fourth signal is a non-integer number, for a first chip corresponding to the fourth signal, or a last chip corresponding to the fourth signal, or at least one chip partially corresponding to the fourth signal and partially not corresponding to the fourth signal, values of the first chip or the last chip or the at least one chip are determined based on the at least one method.The method of claim 2, wherein a method for generating the at least one fourth signal is based on a second condition, andwherein the second condition includes at least one of:the first condition,fourth signals corresponding to N-n third signals of every N third signals are generated by a fifth method for generating the at least one fourth signal, and fourth signals corresponding to n third signals of every N third signals are generated by a sixth method for generating the at least one fourth signal,there being a false signal rising edge or falling edge after the at least one fifth signal is generated,there being false signal rising edges or falling edges, and a signal length between at least two false signal rising edges or falling edges satisfies a third condition or a signal length between at least one false signal rising edge or falling edge and at least one signal rising edge or falling edge in the first signal satisfies the third condition, after the at least one fifth signal is generated.The method of claim 8, wherein the third condition comprises at least one of:whether the signal length between the at least two false signal rising edges or falling edges or the signal length between the at least one false signal rising edge or falling edge and at least one signal rising edge or falling edge in the first signal is larger than the second duration,whether an offset or a ratio between the signal length between the at least two false signal rising edges or falling edges and the second duration is in a preset or configured threshold range, or whether an offset or a ratio between the signal length between the at least one false signal rising edge or falling edge and at least one signal rising edge or falling edge in the first signal and the second duration is in a preset or configured threshold range, orwhether a number of false signal rising edges or falling edges or a number of chips corresponding to the false signal rising edges or falling edges exceeds a preset or configured threshold range.The method of claim 6, further comprising:determining whether a number of chips included in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol is based on a number of chips included in a fifth signal or based on a number of chips included in the fourth signal based on at least one of whether to generate the at least one fifth signal, the method for generating the at least one fifth signal, and the method for generating the at least one fourth signal.The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of whether to generate the at least one fifth signal, the method for generating the at least one fifth signal, and the method for generating the at least one fourth signal is determined based on at least one of:whether the first signal or the second signal correspond to at least one of a pre-amble, a mid-amble, and a post-amble;whether the first signal or the second signal correspond to data or physical layer control information or a PRDCH; orwhether the first signal or the second signal correspond to at least one of a Start indication part (SIP), an end indication part (EIP), a clock acquire part (CAP).The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of whether to generate the at least one fifth signal, the method for generating the at least one fifth signal, a method for generating the at least one fourth signal is indicated based on at least one of:being implicitly indicated based on the method for generating the at least one fifth signal used for at least one of a pre-amble, a mid-amble, and a post-amble associated with the first signal or the second signal,being implicitly indicated based on a sequence used for at least one of the pre-amble, the mid-amble, and the post-amble associated with the first signal or the second signal,being explicitly indicated by a field in at least one of the pre-amble, the mid-amble, and the post-amble associated with the first signal or the second signal.A method performed by a second user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, comprising:receiving, from a first UE, a second signal, wherein the second signal comprises at least one third signal corresponding to a first duration;based on a first condition, determining whether the second signal includes at least one fifth signal or determining a method for generating the at least one fifth signal or determining whether to remove the at least one fifth signal from the second signal, wherein each fifth signal of the at least one fifth signal corresponds to one third signal of the at least one third signal, and each fifth signal of the at least one fifth signal is located before one third signal corresponding to the fifth signal;based on a second condition, determining a method for generating at least one fourth signal corresponding to a second duration or determining whether to remove the at least one fourth signal from the second signal, wherein the at least one fourth signal is included in the at least one third signal respectively and is located at an end of the at least one third signal respectively;decoding a first signal, wherein the first signal is a signal after the at least one fifth signal is removed from the second signal or after the at least one fourth signal is removed from the second signal, or without removing the at least one fifth signal and the at least one fourth signal from the second signal.The method of claim 13, wherein the method for generating the at least one fifth signal comprises at least one of:using, by generating the at least one third signal based on information bits or based on the information bits and line encoding and copying and inserting the fourth signal before a start position of the third signal including the fourth signal, the copied fourth signal as a fifth signal corresponding to the third signal;using, by generating a signal other than the fourth signal in the at least one third signal based on the information bits or based on the information bits and the line encoding, generating the fourth signal using another method, and copying and inserting the fourth signal before the start position of the third signal including the fourth signal, the copied fourth signal as the fifth signal corresponding to the third signal;using, by generating the at least one third signal based on the information bits or based on the information bits and the line encoding and copying and inserting the fourth signal before the start position of the third signal including the fourth signal, the copied fourth signal as the fifth signal corresponding to the third signal, wherein a value of at least one chip in the fourth signal is changed when a third condition is satisfied, or a value of at least one chip in the fifth signal is changed when the third condition is satisfied;generating the at least one fifth signal based on the information bits;generating the at least one fifth signal based on a preset value or sequence;generating the at least one fifth signal based on a value of a signal before a start position of a fifth signal or based on a value of a signal after an end position of the fifth signal.A first user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, comprising:a transceiver; anda controller coupled with the transceiver and configured to:generate a first signal, wherein the first signal includes at least one third signal corresponding to a first duration, and wherein each third signal of the at least one third signal includes a fourth signal corresponding to a second duration, and the fourth signal is located at an end of a third signal including the fourth signal;generate a second signal based on a first condition, wherein the second signal includes the at least one third signal and at least one fifth signal, and wherein each fifth signal of the at least one fifth signal corresponds to one third signal of the at least one third signal, and each fifth signal of the at least one fifth signal is located before one third signal corresponding to the fifth signal;transmit, to a second UE, the second signal,wherein the first condition is used to determine a method for generating the at least one fifth signal or used to determine whether to generate the at least one fifth signal.

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