Battery pack, vehicle including same and energy storage system including same

Abstract

A battery pack according to the present invention may comprise: a plurality of battery cells; a pack housing for accommodating the plurality of battery cells; a filling member filling at least a portion of the inner space of the pack housing; and a cell frame partitioning the plurality of battery cells and partition the filling member into a plurality of filling units.

Description

Battery pack, vehicle including the same, and energy storage system including the same

[0001] The present invention relates to a battery pack, an automobile including the same, and an energy storage system including the same.

[0002] This application is a priority application for Korean Patent Application No. 10-2025-0016944 filed on February 10, 2025, and all contents disclosed in the specification and drawings of said application are incorporated into this application by reference.

[0003] This application is a priority application for Korean Patent Application No. 10-2026-0017130 filed on January 28, 2026, and all contents disclosed in the specification and drawings of said application are incorporated into this application by reference.

[0004]

[0005] Secondary batteries, which possess electrical characteristics such as high energy density and high applicability across product categories, are widely applied not only to portable devices but also to electric vehicles (EVs) or hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) powered by electric sources.

[0006] These secondary batteries are attracting attention as a new energy source for improving eco-friendliness and energy efficiency, not only for the primary advantage of being able to drastically reduce the use of fossil fuels, but also because they do not generate any by-products from the use of energy.

[0007] Currently, widely used types of secondary batteries include lithium-ion batteries, lithium-polymer batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, and nickel-zinc batteries. When a high output voltage is required, multiple battery cells are connected in series to form a battery module or battery pack. Additionally, to increase charge / discharge capacity, multiple battery cells are connected in parallel to form a battery module or battery pack. Therefore, the number of battery cells included in the battery module or pack can be varied depending on the required output voltage or charge / discharge capacity.

[0008] Meanwhile, since battery cells involve chemical reactions during charging and discharging, their performance may degrade if used in environments higher than the optimal temperature; furthermore, if thermal control is not maintained at the appropriate temperature, there is a constant risk of unexpected ignition or explosion. Additionally, battery packs are structured to house these battery cells intensively within a module frame. Consequently, if a thermal event occurs in a single battery cell, the emitted high-temperature gases and flames can spread to adjacent cells, potentially leading to a chain reaction of explosions, making this extremely dangerous.

[0009] In conventional battery packs, a filler material such as resin is applied between battery cells, and if a thermal event occurs in a battery cell, the pressure can cause not only the trigger battery cell but also the filler material covering adjacent battery cells to rupture. In such cases, heat may be transferred to adjacent battery cells or accumulated through convection, radiant thermal energy, or electrode discharge.

[0010] Accordingly, there is a need to develop a structure that can suppress the lifting phenomenon of the filling material when thermal runaway occurs in a battery cell, thereby suppressing or preventing heat transfer to adjacent battery cells.

[0011]

[0012] Accordingly, the problem that the present invention aims to solve is to provide a battery pack that can suppress or prevent heat transfer to adjacent battery cells by suppressing the lifting phenomenon of the filling member when thermal runaway of a battery cell occurs.

[0013] In addition, another problem that the present invention aims to solve is to provide a vehicle including such a battery pack.

[0014] However, the problems that the present invention aims to solve are not limited to those described above, and other unmentioned problems will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description of the invention below.

[0015]

[0016] To solve the above problem, the battery pack of the present invention may include a plurality of battery cells, a pack housing that accommodates the plurality of battery cells, a filling member configured to fill at least a portion of the internal space of the pack housing, and a cell frame configured to partition the plurality of battery cells and partition the filling member into a plurality of filling units.

[0017] When a thermal event occurs in the battery cell, the charging unit facing the battery cell where the event occurred may be configured to rupture only.

[0018] The cell frame may have a hole formed therein configured to allow the battery cell to pass through.

[0019] The cell frame may be formed in a closed-loop shape that surrounds the plurality of battery cells.

[0020] The cell frame above may be a pattern in which a plurality of hexagonal grids are connected in succession.

[0021] The height of the cell frame may be equal to or greater than the height of the filling member.

[0022] The height of the above-mentioned filling member may be equal to or greater than the height of the above-mentioned battery cell.

[0023] It may further include a support member configured to surround the lower part of the battery cell and support the plurality of battery cells.

[0024] The vertical length of the support member may be longer than the vertical length of the filling member.

[0025] The ratio of the vertical length of the filling member to the vertical length of the supporting member may be 3:7.

[0026] The above cell frame may include a refractory material.

[0027] The above-mentioned filling member may include potting resin.

[0028] And, the present invention provides an automobile characterized by including a battery pack according to the present invention.

[0029] And, the present invention provides an energy storage system characterized by including a battery pack according to the present invention.

[0030]

[0031] According to one aspect of the present invention, a filling member is partitioned by a cell frame so that the lifting of adjacent filling members can be suppressed. Accordingly, when a thermal event occurs in a battery cell, heat transfer to an adjacent battery cell can be prevented.

[0032] In particular, according to one aspect of the present invention, when a thermal event occurs in a battery cell, the lifting of an adjacent filling member is suppressed, thereby blocking convective / radiative thermal energy transferred to the top of an adjacent battery cell. Accordingly, the propagation of thermal runaway between battery cells is prevented or suppressed, thereby ensuring the safety and reliability of the battery pack.

[0033] In addition, according to one aspect of the present invention, events resulting from thermal runaway phenomena in a device equipped with a battery pack, such as fire or explosion, can be prevented or delayed.

[0034] In addition to the above, the present invention may have various other effects, which are described in each embodiment, or effects that can be easily inferred by those skilled in the art, etc., will be omitted.

[0035]

[0036] The following drawings attached to this specification illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention and serve to further enhance understanding of the technical concept of the present invention together with the detailed description of the invention provided below; therefore, the present invention should not be interpreted as being limited only to the matters described in such drawings.

[0037] FIG. 1 is an internal perspective view of a battery pack according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of a battery pack according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a battery pack according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a battery pack according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a state in which a thermal event occurs within a battery pack according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] FIG. 6 is a plan view of a cell frame of a battery pack according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a battery cell and a support member inside a battery pack according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] FIG. 8 is a plan view showing a battery cell and a support member inside a battery pack according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] FIG. 9 is a side cross-sectional view of a battery cell according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] FIG. 10 is an overall perspective view of a battery cell included in a battery pack according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional perspective view of a battery cell included in a battery pack according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] FIG. 12 is a schematic perspective view of a vehicle including a battery pack according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] FIG. 13 is a drawing showing a container according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0050]

[0051] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. Prior to this, terms and words used in this specification and claims should not be interpreted as being limited to their ordinary or dictionary meanings, but should be interpreted in a meaning and concept consistent with the technical spirit of the present invention, based on the principle that the inventor can appropriately define the concept of the terms to best describe his invention.

[0052] Therefore, the embodiments described in this specification and the configurations illustrated in the drawings are merely the most preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not represent all of the technical ideas of the present invention; thus, it should be understood that various equivalents and modifications that can replace them may exist at the time of filing this application.

[0053] In addition, the present invention includes various embodiments. For each embodiment, redundant descriptions of substantially identical or similar configurations are omitted, and the focus is on the differences.

[0054] Additionally, to aid in understanding the invention, the attached drawings are not drawn to actual scale, and the dimensions of some components may be exaggerated. Furthermore, the same reference numerals may be assigned to identical components in different embodiments.

[0055] Although terms such as "first," "second," etc., are used to describe various components, it goes without saying that these components are not limited by these terms. These terms are used merely to distinguish one component from another, and unless specifically stated otherwise, the first component may also be the second component.

[0056] Throughout the specification, unless specifically stated otherwise, each component may be singular or plural.

[0057] In addition, where it is stated that one component is "connected," "combined," or "connected" to another component, it should be understood that while the components may be directly connected or connected to each other, another component may be "interposed" between each component, or each component may be "connected," "combined," or "connected" through another component.

[0058] Singular expressions used in this specification include plural expressions unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In this application, terms such as "composed of" or "comprising" should not be interpreted as necessarily including all of the various components or steps described in the specification, and should be interpreted as meaning that some of the components or steps may be omitted or additional components or steps may be included.

[0059] Throughout the specification, when "A and / or B" is used, it may mean A, B, or A and B unless specifically stated otherwise.

[0060] Meanwhile, although terms indicating directions such as up, down, left, right, front, and back may be used in the present invention, these terms are used merely for convenience of explanation and may vary depending on the position of the object or the position of the observer, as is obvious to those skilled in the art of the present invention.

[0061] For example, in an embodiment of the present invention, the X-axis direction shown in the drawing may mean the left-right direction, the Y-axis direction may mean the front-back direction perpendicular to the X-axis direction on the horizontal plane (XY plane), and the Z-axis direction may mean the up-down direction (vertical direction) perpendicular to both the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction.

[0062]

[0063] FIG. 1 is an internal perspective view of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a drawing showing the interior of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention as viewed from above. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0064] Referring to FIGS. 1 to 4, a battery pack (1) according to one embodiment of the present invention may include a battery cell (100), a pack housing (200), a filling member (300), and a cell frame (400).

[0065] A plurality of battery cells (100) may be included. And, these plurality of battery cells (100) may include an electrode assembly, a cell case that accommodates the electrode assembly, and an electrode lead that is connected to the electrode assembly and extends outward from the cell case to function as an electrode terminal. At this time, the plurality of battery cells (100) may be electrically connected to each other.

[0066] The battery cell (100) may be a pouch-type secondary battery. The cell case of such a pouch-type secondary battery may be configured in the form of a pouch in which a metal layer made of aluminum is interposed between polymer layers.

[0067] Multiple battery cells (100) can be arranged side by side in the left-right direction (X-axis direction) and / or the front-back direction (Y-axis direction) while standing upright in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction). For example, multiple battery cells (100) can be arranged in a roughly matrix shape.

[0068] Meanwhile, the present invention is not limited by the specific type or form of such battery cell (100), and various battery cells (100) known at the time of filing the present invention may be employed to constitute the battery pack (1) of the present invention. Hereinafter, in this embodiment, the description is limited to the plurality of battery cells (100) being cylindrical secondary batteries.

[0069] The pack housing (200) may be configured to accommodate a plurality of battery cells (100). In order to safely protect the battery cells (100) housed inside, the pack housing (200) may be made of a material capable of ensuring mechanical strength, such as steel or SUS metal or plastic, or may include such a material.

[0070] The pack housing (200) may be provided with a main body (210) and a pack lid (220). The main body (210) may have a space formed to accommodate a battery cell (100). The main body (210) may be configured so that its upper surface is open. The main body (210) may be configured to accommodate a plurality of battery cells (100). The main body (210) may be configured to surround the sides of a plurality of battery cells (100).

[0071] A plurality of battery cells (100) are seated in a stacked or arranged state within the main body (210), and a filling member (300) can be filled between and on top of the battery cells (100).

[0072] The pack lid (220) may be configured to cover the open upper surface of the main body (210). The pack lid (220) may be provided on the outside of the filling member (300). The filling member (300) may be interposed between the pack lid (220) and the battery cell (100).

[0073] The filling member (300) may be configured to fill at least a portion of the internal space of the pack housing (200). The filling member (300) may be filled inside the pack housing (200). Additionally, the filling member (300) may be filled around a plurality of battery cells (100). That is, the filling member (300) may be filled in the space formed between the plurality of battery cells (100). The battery pack (1) may be formed into a single unit by filling the filling member (300) between the plurality of battery cells (100).

[0074] The filling member (300) can be filled in the space between a plurality of battery cells (100) in the height direction (Z-axis direction) of the battery pack (1). The filling member (300) can be filled between the plurality of battery cells (100) and / or between the plurality of battery cells (100) and the pack housing (200). At least a portion of the side of the battery cell (100) can be surrounded by the filling member (300).

[0075] The height of the filling member (300) may be equal to or greater than the height of the battery cell (100). That is, the filling member (300) may cover the upper and / or side of the battery cell (100). Meanwhile, in FIG. 2, the filling member (300) is shown in a cuboid shape for ease of understanding, and the filling member (300) may fill all the spaces between multiple battery cells (100) within the pack housing (200).

[0076] The filling member (300) can more stably fix the plurality of battery cells (100) and increase the heat dissipation efficiency of the plurality of battery cells (100), thereby further increasing the cooling performance of the battery cells (100).

[0077] In addition, the filling member (300) prevents the penetration of moisture or foreign substances into the battery cell (100), prevents chain ignition when a thermal event occurs due to an abnormality in the battery cell (100), and can increase the structural rigidity of the battery pack (1).

[0078] Additionally, the filling member (300) can perform an insulating role to prevent current flow to adjacent battery cells (100) when damage or other abnormal conditions occur in at least one specific battery cell (100) among the plurality of battery cells (100).

[0079] The filling member (300) can be configured to block heat between multiple battery cells (100). A battery cell (100) may generate heat during use, and if this heat propagates to an adjacent battery cell (100), it may lead to thermal runaway, ignition, explosion, etc. of the battery cell (100). In this regard, it is necessary to prevent the heat generated in the battery cell (100) from propagating to other battery cells (100). At this time, the filling member (300) can suppress or block heat propagation at the battery cell (100) level by blocking heat transfer between multiple battery cells (100). Furthermore, the filling member (300) can reliably insulate the battery cells (100) from each other.

[0080] For example, the filling member (300) may include at least one of potting resin and thermal resin. For example, the filling member (300) may include potting resin. The filling member (300) may be made of a resin material. The filling member (300) may include various materials, such as polyurethane, silicone, and epoxy. For example, in the case of potting resin, at least one of polyurethane, silicone, and epoxy may be included. As the material of the filling member (300) according to the present invention, various materials such as resins known at the time of filing the present invention may be used.

[0081] The filling material (300) can be applied between the battery cells (100) in a gel or liquid state and then cured after a certain period of time has elapsed. For example, in the case of potting resin, liquid resin can be injected into the internal space of the pack housing (200), applied, and then cured to be packaged. For example, the resin may have a predetermined viscosity and may contain at least two materials. Specifically, the resin may be prepared by mixing a predetermined resin and beads, such as glass bubbles, in a predetermined ratio. By mixing the beads, the cost of the resin can be reduced, and physical properties such as the viscosity of the resin can be controlled according to the mixing ratio. The resin may be formed by injecting a thin liquid resin material into the internal space of the pack housing (200) and allowing it to cure. Here, the injection of the resin material may be performed at room temperature of approximately 15°C to 25°C to prevent thermal damage to the battery cells (100). Afterward, curing can be performed at a higher temperature.

[0082] Meanwhile, the filling member (300) may be divided into a plurality of filling units (300a). A filling unit (300a) may correspond to at least one battery cell (100). A filling unit (300a) may correspond to a group of one or more adjacent battery cells (100), i.e., a battery cell group. For example, referring to FIG. 3, a filling unit (300a) may come into contact with and be coupled with one battery cell (100).

[0083] The cell frame (400) can partition and / or separate the plurality of battery cells (100). The cell frame (400) can surround or cover at least one battery cell (100). More specifically, the cell frame (400) can be formed to surround or cover the outer surface of at least one battery cell (100), and thus can have a structure that surrounds at least one battery cell (100). Such a cell frame (400) can prevent direct contact between adjacent battery cells (100) and contribute to stably maintaining the relative positions of the battery cells (100).

[0084] The cell frame (400) may be configured to divide the filling member (300) into a plurality of filling units (300a). The cell frame (400) may be configured to divide the filling member (300) into a plurality of filling units (300a) corresponding to at least one battery cell (100). Each of the plurality of filling units (300a) may be formed to correspond to at least one battery cell (100). For example, referring to FIG. 3, each of the plurality of filling units (300a) may be formed to correspond to one battery cell (100). That is, each filling unit (300a) may be positioned to correspond to a specific battery cell (100) or a group of battery cells (100), and may be formed at a position facing the corresponding battery cell (100). In other words, the filling unit (300a) may correspond to one battery cell (100) or may be formed to correspond jointly to multiple battery cells (100).

[0085] According to the above embodiment of the present invention, the cell frame (400) may be configured to partition and / or separate the filling member (300) corresponding to at least one battery cell (100). Accordingly, the behavior of the filling member (300) can be controlled on a battery cell (100) unit or a cell group unit. Accordingly, even if an abnormal condition occurs in a specific battery cell (100), the spread of the influence of the filling member (300) to adjacent battery cells (100) can be suppressed, and the stability and reliability of the entire battery pack can be improved.

[0086]

[0087] Meanwhile, in the drawings of the present invention, components such as power terminals of the battery pack (1) have been omitted for the convenience of drawing. Additionally, the battery pack (1) may further include various components, such as a BMS, a pack case, a relay, a current sensor, etc., which are known at the time of filing the present invention.

[0088]

[0089] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a state in which a thermal event occurs within a battery pack according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0090] When a thermal event occurs in the battery cell (100), the high-temperature venting gas and flame generated in the battery cell (100) may be vented upward. For example, the filling member (300) may cover the venting portion of the battery cell (100). During this ejection process, the filling member (300) surrounding the battery cell (100) may also be damaged due to the influence of heat and pressure.

[0091] When a thermal event occurs in the battery cell (100), the charging unit (300a) facing the battery cell (100) where the event occurred may be configured to rupture. That is, only the charging unit (300a) corresponding to the specific battery cell (100) where the thermal event occurred may rupture due to pressure increase or heat, while other adjacent charging units (300a) may not rupture because they are physically partitioned and separated from each other by the cell frame (400).

[0092] The height of the cell frame (400) may be equal to or greater than the height of the filling member (300). For example, the cell frame (400) may completely physically partition the filling member (300) based on the filling member (300) to form a plurality of independent filling units (300a).

[0093] The above-mentioned filling member (300) may be restricted so as not to overflow into adjacent areas or be continuously connected with respect to the cell frame (400), and each filling unit (300a) may be placed only within an area limited to the corresponding battery cell (100).

[0094] Alternatively, according to another embodiment not illustrated in the drawings, the cell frame (400) may be configured such that a specific area of ​​the filling member (300) is formed relatively thinly, thereby inducing the filling member (300) to easily break due to a predetermined external force or thermal or mechanical factors, and consequently, to be separated into filling units (300a). In such a case, the filling units (300a) can function as breaking units.

[0095] In a structure where a battery cell (100) is embedded in a filling member (300), if a thermal event such as thermal runaway occurs in one battery cell (100), there is a possibility that the filling member (300) located above the adjacent battery cell (100) may be lifted up together, thereby causing convection or an electrical short circuit between the battery cells (100). Such lifting phenomenon can be one of the main causes of heat and flames rapidly transferring to adjacent battery cells (100).

[0096] According to the above embodiment of the present invention, the filling member (300) is partitioned by the cell frame (400) so that when a thermal event occurs, the filling member (300) is locally fractured, and the fractured portion can block the thermal and mechanical transfer path between the battery cell (100) where the thermal event occurred and the adjacent battery cell (100). Accordingly, the phenomenon of the filling member (300) continuously deforming up to the top of the adjacent battery cell (100) can be prevented, thereby reducing the possibility of heat transfer by convection or electrical short circuit. As a result, heat transfer between adjacent battery cells (100) is blocked, thereby suppressing the thermal diffusion rate of the entire battery pack (1) and preventing thermal explosion.

[0097] Accordingly, according to the above embodiment of the present invention, the cell frame (400) can not simply accommodate the result of a thermal event, but can actively implement thermal isolation between battery cells (100) by intentionally designing a fracture path.

[0098] Consequently, by effectively preventing the filling member (300) from being continuously lifted or deformed up to the top of an adjacent battery cell (100), the risk of heat transfer by convection or electrical short circuit can be significantly reduced. Ultimately, the cell frame (400) of the present invention can block heat transfer between adjacent battery cells (100), thereby suppressing the rate of heat diffusion throughout the battery pack (1) and preventing thermal explosion.

[0099]

[0100] FIG. 6 is a plan view of a cell frame of a battery pack according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0101] The cell frame (400) may have a hole (H) formed therein configured to allow the battery cell (100) to pass through. The cell frame (400) may be positioned between the plurality of battery cells (100). The cell frame (400) may be positioned at a location corresponding to the boundary between the plurality of battery cells (100). The hole (H) may be sized to allow at least one battery cell (100) to pass through.

[0102] The cell frame (400) may be formed in a closed-loop shape that surrounds the plurality of battery cells (100). Specifically, the cell frame (400) may have a plurality of frame units (400a) that surround at least one battery cell (100). The cell frame (400) may have a structure in which a plurality of frame units (400a) are arranged continuously and repeatedly. The cell frame (400) may have a structure in which a plurality of frame units (400a) are arranged repeatedly in a plurality of directions (e.g., six directions).

[0103] A frame unit (400a) may correspond to at least one battery cell (100). A frame unit (400a) may correspond to a group of one or more adjacent battery cells (100), i.e., a battery cell group. For example, referring to FIG. 6, a frame unit (400a) may be in contact with and coupled to one battery cell (100).

[0104] For example, the cell frame (400) may be a pattern in which a plurality of hexagonal grids are connected in succession. For example, the frame unit (400a) may be any one of a circular, triangular, rectangular, or hexagonal shape when viewed from above. For example, the frame unit (400a) may be a hexagonal shape when viewed from above. A cell frame (400) including a frame unit (400a) having a hexagonal shape in this way can be defined as a honeycomb cover.

[0105] According to the above embodiment of the present invention, the cell frame (400) may be configured to individually partition and support the battery cells through a plurality of frame units (400a) surrounding each battery cell. Each frame unit (400a) may be formed to face or surround at least one corresponding battery cell.

[0106] According to the above embodiment of the present invention, the frame unit (400a) is configured in a hexagonal shape to accommodate the maximum number of battery cells (100) within a battery pack having multiple circular battery cells (100). Additionally, structural rigidity is improved, and external shocks or vibrations can be dispersed rather than concentrated in a specific direction. Furthermore, while maintaining a uniform spacing between battery cells, the support strength relative to the same area can be increased, thereby minimizing the empty space between battery cells (100). As a result, the energy efficiency of the battery pack (1) can be increased, and space utilization can be improved.

[0107] In addition, according to the above embodiment of the present invention, pressure or energy generated when a thermal event occurs is suppressed from being continuously transferred toward adjacent cells and can be localized to a frame unit (400a), thereby effectively reducing heat diffusion and chain reactions.

[0108] For example, the plurality of frame units (400a) constituting the cell frame (400) can be joined in close contact. The plurality of frame units (400a) can be joined by interlocking so that there are no empty spaces between them. One side of the first frame unit (400a) covering the first battery cell (100) group can be arranged parallel to one side of the second frame unit (400a) covering the second battery cell (100) group. One side of the first frame unit (400a) covering the first battery cell (100) group can face one side of the second frame unit (400a) covering the second battery cell (100) group. According to the above embodiment of the present invention, the energy efficiency of the battery pack (1) can be increased and space utilization can be increased.

[0109] Alternatively, a plurality of frame units (400a) constituting the cell frame (400) may be formed integrally. Each frame unit (400a) may be integrally connected to another frame unit (400a) adjacent in the circumferential direction through an edge shared with it. For example, one side of the first frame unit (400a) covering the first battery cell (100) group and one side of the second frame unit (400a) covering the second battery cell (100) group may be integrally formed. Accordingly, the entire cell frame (400) may be formed integrally and may be configured to be divided into a plurality of frame units (400a). According to the above embodiment of the present invention, there is a cost-saving effect and space utilization can be increased.

[0110]

[0111] Meanwhile, the cell frame (400) may include a refractory material. Here, a refractory material may refer to a material that maintains its structural shape and does not burn or melt even in a high-temperature environment. For example, the cell frame (400) may include a resin, ceramic material, plastic, etc., having flame-retardant or non-combustible properties.

[0112] According to the above embodiment of the present invention, since the cell frame (400) includes a fire-resistant material, even if a thermal event occurs in the battery cell (100), the cell frame (400) is not easily deformed by high temperature, and the structure partitioning the battery cell (100) and the filling member (300) can be stably maintained. Accordingly, heat transfer or flame spread to another battery cell (100) adjacent to the battery cell (100) where the thermal event occurred can be effectively suppressed.

[0113] Additionally, as the cell frame (400) is formed of a fire-resistant material, the filling member (300) can be maintained in a partitioned state by the cell frame (400), thereby inducing only the filling unit (300a) corresponding to the battery cell (100) where the event occurred to rupture selectively. That is, the cell frame (400) functions as a physical barrier even in a high-temperature environment, thereby preventing chain rupture between the filling units (300a).

[0114]

[0115] FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a battery cell and a support member inside a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a plan view showing a battery cell and a support member inside a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a side cross-sectional view looking at a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0116] The battery pack may further include a support member (500) configured to surround the lower part of the battery cell (100) and support the plurality of battery cells (100).

[0117] A support member (500) can be placed on the lower part of a filling member (300) and a cell frame (400). The position of the battery cell (100) can be fixed and supported through the support member (500), and, for example, the cell frame (400) can be placed on top of the support member (500). After that, a filling member (300) can be applied to the upper part of the support member (500).

[0118] The support member (500) may be composed of a metal material having rigidity and heat resistance to physically or chemically protect the battery cell (100). For example, the support member (500) may include aluminum (Al).

[0119] For example, the support member (500) may include a curved surface that corresponds to and contacts the outer surface of the battery cell (100). The curved surface may be provided in multiple numbers. For example, when referring to FIG. 1, when three battery cells (100) are in a structure facing each other, the support member (500) may include three curved surfaces.

[0120] At this time, the filling member (300) may be positioned on the upper side of the support member (500), and the cell frame (400) may be configured to be seated on the upper side of the support member (500) and to surround the filling member (300). The filling member (300) can fill the upper empty space between the battery cells (100) that is not supported by the support member (500) and is not filled. Additionally, the cell frame (400) may be configured to surround the filling member (300) filled on the upper side of the battery cell (100). That is, based on the vertical height of the battery cell (100), the support member (500) may be located relatively lower, and the filling member (300) and the cell frame (400) may be located relatively higher.

[0121] According to one embodiment, the vertical (Z-axis direction) length (thickness) (H2) of the support member (500) may be formed to be longer than the vertical (Z-axis direction) length (thickness) (H1) of the filling member (300) and / or cell frame (400). For example, the ratio of the vertical (Z-axis direction) length (thickness) (H2) of the support member (500) to the vertical (Z-axis direction) length (thickness) (H1) of the filling member (300) and / or cell frame (400) may be approximately 5:5 to 7:3. For example, when the vertical length of the battery cell (100) is approximately 100 mm, the vertical length (H2) of the support member (500) may be approximately 70 mm, and the vertical length (H1) of the filling member (300) and cell frame (400) may be approximately 30 mm. However, the vertical length of each component is not limited by the above embodiment and can be designed in various ways.

[0122] According to the above embodiment of the present invention, the battery cell (100) can be structurally supported by the support member (500) and the battery cell (100) can be protected from external impacts, etc.

[0123] In addition, according to the above embodiment of the present invention, a support member (500) is positioned on the lower side, and a filling member (300) and a cell frame (400) are positioned on the upper side, so that when a thermal event occurs in the battery cell (100), upper venting can be induced and heat transfer through the resin can be blocked at the same time.

[0124]

[0125] FIG. 10 is an overall perspective view of a battery cell included in a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional perspective view of a battery cell included in a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0126] Referring to FIGS. 10 and 11, a battery cell (100) may include an electrode assembly (10), a battery housing (20), a first electrode terminal (30), and a second electrode terminal (20a). The battery cell (100) may include the first electrode terminal (30) and the second electrode terminal (20a) on the same side. More specifically, the battery cell (100) may have the first electrode terminal (30) and the second electrode terminal (20a) provided on a bottom surface (21) provided on one side of the battery housing (20). For example, in a battery pack (1) according to one embodiment of the present invention, the bottom surface (21) of the battery cell (100) may be positioned to face upward.

[0127] The electrode assembly (10) may have, for example, a jelly-roll structure. That is, the electrode assembly (10) may be manufactured by winding a laminate formed by stacking a first electrode plate and a second electrode plate having a sheet shape at least once with a separator interposed between them in one direction with respect to the winding center (C). In this case, an additional separator may be provided on the outer surface of the electrode assembly (10) to insulate it from the battery housing (20). Any structure of a wound electrode assembly (10) known in the art may be applied to the present invention without limitation.

[0128] The first electrode comprises a first electrode plate and a first electrode active material applied on one or both sides of the first electrode plate. The first electrode includes a first uncoated portion along the winding direction in which the active material layer is not coated. That is, an uncoated portion in which the first electrode active material is not coated exists at one end in the width direction (direction parallel to the Z-axis) of the first electrode plate. The uncoated portion functioning as a first electrode tab is hereinafter referred to as the first uncoated portion (11). The first uncoated portion (11) may be provided on the upper side in the height direction (direction parallel to the Z-axis) of the electrode assembly (10) housed within the battery housing (20). That is, the first electrode plate includes a first uncoated portion (11) in which the active material layer is not coated at the long end and is exposed to the outside of the separator, and a part of the first uncoated portion (11) is used as an electrode tab itself. The first uncoated portion (11) may be, for example, a positive electrode tab.

[0129] The second electrode comprises a second electrode plate and a second electrode active material applied on one or both sides of the second electrode plate. At the other end of the second electrode plate in the width direction (direction parallel to the Z-axis), there exists a non-exposed portion where the second electrode active material is not applied. The non-exposed portion functioning as a second electrode tab is hereinafter referred to as the second non-exposed portion (12). The second non-exposed portion (12) may be provided at the lower end in the height direction (direction parallel to the Z-axis) of the electrode assembly (10) housed within the battery housing (20). That is, the second electrode plate includes a second non-exposed portion (12) that is exposed to the outside of the separator and where the active material layer is not coated at the long end, and at least a portion of the second non-exposed portion (12) is used as an electrode tab itself. The second non-exposed portion (12) may be, for example, a negative electrode tab.

[0130] The first non-removable portion (11) and the second non-removable portion (12) may be extended in opposite directions along the height direction (a direction parallel to the Z-axis) of the battery cell (100). The first non-removable portion (11) may be extended toward the bottom surface (21) of the battery housing (20), and the second non-removable portion (12) may be extended toward the opening of the battery housing (20).

[0131] In the present invention, the positive active material coated on the positive plate and the negative active material coated on the negative plate may be used without limitation as long as they are active materials known in the art.

[0132] The battery housing (20) is a cylindrical receptacle with an opening formed on one side and is made of a conductive metal material. For example, steel, stainless steel, or nickel-plated steel may be used as the material of the battery housing (20). The upper surface located opposite the opening is referred to as the bottom surface (21). That is, the bottom surface (21) may be provided on one side of the battery housing (20).

[0133] The side wall and bottom surface (21) of the battery housing (20) may be formed integrally. Alternatively, the side wall and bottom surface (21) of the battery housing (20) may be provided separately from each other and joined together by welding or the like. The top surface (a surface parallel to the XY plane), i.e., the bottom surface (21), of the battery housing (20) may have a roughly flat shape. The battery housing (20) accommodates an electrode assembly (10) through an opening formed on one side and may also accommodate an electrolyte.

[0134] The battery housing (20) can be electrically connected to the electrode assembly (10). The battery housing (20) can be electrically connected, for example, to the second non-electrode portion of the electrode assembly (10). In this case, the battery housing (20) can have the same polarity as the second non-electrode portion. Thus, the bottom surface (21) of the battery housing (20) can function as a second electrode terminal (20a). For example, the second electrode terminal (20a) can be a negative electrode terminal.

[0135] The first electrode terminal (30) may be made of a conductive metal material. It may pass through the upper surface of the battery housing (20) and be electrically connected to the first non-conductive portion (11) of the electrode assembly (10). Thus, the first electrode terminal (30) may have a first polarity. The first electrode terminal (30) may be electrically insulated from the battery housing (20) having a second polarity. The first electrode terminal (30) may be rivet-bonded to the inner surface of the battery housing (20). The first electrode terminal (30) may be configured in a circular shape. Specifically, the area of ​​the first electrode terminal (30) exposed to the outside of the upper surface of the battery housing (20) may be configured in the shape of a roughly circular plate. At this time, the first electrode terminal (30) may be configured in a circular shape having a radius.

[0136] A step may be formed between the first electrode terminal (30) and the upper surface of the battery housing (20). Specifically, when the entire upper surface of the battery housing (20) has a flat shape, the first electrode terminal (30) may protrude further upward than the upper surface of the battery housing (20).

[0137] An insulating gasket (60) may be interposed between the battery housing (20) and the first electrode terminal (30). The insulating gasket (60) may be configured to prevent the battery housing (20) and the first electrode terminal (30), having opposite polarities, from coming into contact with each other. Thus, the bottom surface (21) of the battery housing (20), which has a roughly flat shape, can function as the second electrode terminal (20a) of the battery cell (100). The entire remaining area of ​​one side of the battery housing (20), excluding the area occupied by the first electrode terminal (30) and the insulating gasket (60), corresponds to the second electrode terminal (20a), which has opposite polarity to the first electrode terminal (30).

[0138] That is, a battery cell (100) according to one embodiment of the present invention may be provided with a first electrode terminal (30) having a first polarity on one side in the length direction (a direction parallel to the Z-axis) and a second electrode terminal (20a) having a second polarity that is electrically insulated from the first electrode terminal (30).

[0139] In other words, in a battery cell (100) according to one embodiment of the present invention, since a pair of electrode terminals (30, 20a) are located in the same direction, when electrically connecting a plurality of battery cells (100), it is possible to place an electrical connection component on only one side of the plurality of battery cells (100). This can lead to simplification of the battery pack (1) structure and improvement of energy density.

[0140] A battery cell (100) according to one embodiment of the present invention may be provided with an insulator (40). The insulator (40) may be interposed between the positive current collector and the inner surface of the bottom surface (21) of the battery housing (20) so as to prevent contact between the battery housing (20) and the positive current collector having opposite polarities.

[0141] A battery cell (100) according to one embodiment of the present invention may have a lead (50). The lead (50) may be configured to cover an opening of a battery housing (20). The lead (50) may be configured to have, for example, a roughly plate shape. The lead (50) may be coupled to an opening of the battery housing (20). For example, the lead (50) may be seated on the upper edge of an opening of the battery housing (20).

[0142] Meanwhile, the battery cell (100) may be provided with a venting portion (20V). The venting portion (20V) may be formed to prevent an increase in internal pressure caused by gas generated inside the battery housing (20). The venting portion (20V) may be provided in the battery housing (20). For example, referring to FIGS. 8 and 9, the venting portion (20V) may be provided on the bottom surface (21) of the battery housing (20). Alternatively, the venting portion (20V) may be provided in the lead (50).

[0143] The venting section (20V) may have a thinner thickness compared to the surrounding area of ​​the battery housing (20). For example, the venting section (20V) may be configured in a notched shape. The venting section (20V) may be configured to be structurally weaker compared to the surrounding area. Therefore, if an abnormality occurs in the battery cell (100) and the internal pressure increases above a certain level, the venting section (20V) may rupture, allowing the gas generated inside the battery housing (20) to be discharged. That is, during venting, the internal area of ​​the venting section (20V) is opened relative to the venting section (20V), thereby allowing for smooth venting.

[0144] The venting portion (20V) may be formed continuously in a circular shape on the bottom surface (21) or lead (50) of the battery housing (20). For example, the venting portion (20V) may be formed as a circle with a radius. However, it is not limited thereto, and the venting portion (20V) may be formed discontinuously in a circular shape on the bottom surface (21) or lead (50) of the battery housing (20), or may be formed in a straight line shape or other shapes.

[0145] The filling member (300) may be configured to be separated from the battery cell (100) or at least partially ruptured together with the venting portion (20V) when the battery cell (100) is vented.

[0146] When the pressure rises rapidly in a trigger battery cell (100) in which thermal runaway is induced, the pressure and energy discharged from the venting portion (20V) of the trigger battery cell (100) act on the filling member (300) at the top of the battery cell (100), and as a result, the filling member (300) may be lifted or detached.

[0147] According to one embodiment, with reference to FIG. 4, the venting portion (20V) may be covered by a filling member (300). Therefore, when a thermal event occurs, the filling member (300) may rupture and deform, such as by being vented or bent. However, deformation of an adjacent filling member (300) may be prevented. However, the position of the venting portion (20V) is not limited by the above embodiment and may be modified in various ways.

[0148] Accordingly, the filling member (300) on the top of the adjacent battery cell (100) remains intact, which can block the inflow of high-temperature gas or particles and reduce the risk of heat transfer to the adjacent battery cell (100) and electrical short circuit.

[0149]

[0150] FIG. 12 is a schematic perspective view of a vehicle including a battery pack according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0151] Referring to FIG. 12, a vehicle (V) according to one embodiment of the present invention may include a battery pack (1) according to one embodiment of the present invention. The vehicle (V) according to the present invention may be, for example, an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or a plug-in hybrid vehicle. The vehicle (V) includes four-wheeled vehicles and two-wheeled vehicles. The vehicle (V) may operate by receiving power from the battery pack (1) according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0152] FIG. 13 is a drawing showing a container according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0153] Referring to FIG. 13, the container system may include a plurality of battery packs (1). The plurality of battery packs (1) may be physically or electrically connected.

[0154] The pack housing (200) may be configured to be stackable or combined with the pack housing (200) of another battery pack (1). Additionally, the container system may additionally include a control module. The control module may be fastened, combined, connected, stacked, or fixed to the battery pack (1).

[0155] The control module can be electrically connected to a plurality of battery packs (1) included in the container system. The control module can control the charging and discharging of the plurality of battery packs (1). In addition, the control module can obtain status information of the plurality of battery packs (1).

[0156] In addition, the container system may be configured to additionally include a firefighting module for controlling thermal events.

[0157] An energy storage system (ESS) (E) according to the present invention may include a battery pack (1) according to the present invention. The energy storage system (E) may include a plurality of container systems. And the container system may include a plurality of battery packs (1). Such an energy storage system (E) may form a link group with a combination of a certain number of battery packs (1) and control modules.

[0158] Although the present invention has been described above by limited embodiments and drawings, the present invention is not limited thereto, and it is obvious that various modifications and variations are possible within the scope of the technical spirit of the present invention and the equivalent scope of the claims described below by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

Claims

1. Multiple battery cells; A pack housing accommodating the above plurality of battery cells; A filling member configured to fill at least a portion of the internal space of the above-mentioned pack housing; and A battery pack comprising a cell frame configured to partition the plurality of battery cells and to partition the filling member into a plurality of filling units.

2. In Paragraph 1, A battery pack characterized by being configured such that, when a thermal event occurs in the battery cell, only the filling unit facing the battery cell where the event occurred can rupture.

3. In Paragraph 1, A battery pack characterized in that the cell frame has a hole formed therein configured to allow the battery cell to pass through.

4. In Paragraph 1, A battery pack characterized in that the cell frame is formed in a closed-loop shape that surrounds the plurality of battery cells.

5. In Paragraph 1, A battery pack characterized in that the cell frame is a pattern in which a plurality of hexagonal grids are continuously connected.

6. In Paragraph 1, A battery pack characterized in that the height of the cell frame is equal to or greater than the height of the filling member.

7. In Paragraph 1, A battery pack characterized in that the height of the filling member is equal to or higher than the height of the battery cell.

8. In Paragraph 1, A battery pack further comprising a support member configured to surround the lower part of the battery cell and support the plurality of battery cells.

9. In Paragraph 1, A battery pack characterized in that the vertical length of the support member is longer than the vertical length of the filling member.

10. In Paragraph 1, A battery pack characterized by the ratio of the vertical length of the filling member to the vertical length of the support member being 3:

7.

11. In Paragraph 1, A battery pack characterized in that the cell frame described above includes a fire-resistant material.

12. In Paragraph 1, A battery pack characterized in that the above-mentioned filling member includes potting resin.

13. An automobile comprising a battery pack according to any one of paragraphs 1 through 12.

14. An energy storage system comprising a battery pack according to any one of paragraphs 1 through 12.

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