Pressure pipe for fluids

Abstract

The invention relates to devices for reducing hydrodynamic resistance to the flow of fluids, inter alia, gases, liquids or mixtures thereof, in pressure pipes. According to the invention, in a pressure pipe for fluids in which a spiral swirling motion is generated in an intermediate peripheral near-wall layer of a flow, the inside surface of the pipe is provided with a plurality of cavities (depressions, indentations) arranged along spiral lines to generate a spiral swirling motion of the flow in the near-wall layer. The technical result consists in reducing hydraulic pressure losses caused by fluid drag against the wall of a pipe by generating near-wall swirling flows, with only a minimal increase in the cost price of the pipe.

Description

[0001]

[0002] Pressure pipeline for fluid media.

[0003] The invention relates to devices that ensure a reduction in the hydrodynamic resistance of the flow of fluid media, including gaseous, liquid and their mixtures, in pressure pipelines.

[0004] Calculation of hydraulic resistance during the movement of real fluid media through pipelines is one of the main applied issues of hydrodynamics.

[0005] When a fluid moves, energy is expended, which is dissipated and ultimately converted into heat. This specific energy represents hydraulic losses, which are a result of the fluid's viscosity.

[0006] One type of hydrodynamic loss is frictional losses. They are determined by the work done by frictional forces within the fluid and frictional forces between the fluid and solid surfaces, proportional to the path traveled by the fluid. These losses are influenced by the flow regime (laminar, turbulent, or the degree of turbulence development), as well as the roughness of the pipe walls.

[0007] There are several methods for reducing hydrodynamic losses.

[0008] 1. Additives.

[0009] It is known that the addition of anti-turbulent additives, such as various synthetic and polymer additives, to the turbulent flow of oil or hydrocarbon liquid pumped through pipelines, such as crude oil or diesel fuel, temporarily creating a highly viscous wall layer on the inner surface of the pipeline, capable of reducing flow disturbances in this zone of the pipeline, leads to an increase in throughput and, as a consequence, a decrease in energy costs for transportation (D.A. Ilyasov, R.V. Aginey (Ukhta State Technical University, Ukhta, Russian Federation) Study of the effect of fluid flow vortices on the hydraulic resistance of a pipeline). Patent RU 2675701 describes a method for producing an anti-turbulent additive to organic media, including oil, to reduce hydrodynamic resistance during their pumping through pipelines.

[0010] Patent RU 2648079 describes a method for producing a reagent for reducing the hydrodynamic resistance of liquid hydrocarbon flow in pipelines.

[0011] However, the methods described in these analogs are quite expensive and are not suitable for pumping other fluids, such as gases, through pipelines.

[0012] 2. Reducing roughness.

[0013] It is widely known that the reduction of hydraulic friction is achieved by reducing the roughness of the internal surfaces of pipes (https: / / magazine.neftegaz.ru / articles / transportirovka / 697730-yliyanie-absolyutnoy-sherokhovatosti-na-perepad-dayleniva-v-gazoprovodakh-vvsokogo-dayleniya / ). However, such actions also significantly increase the cost of pumping fluids.

[0014] 3. Exposure to alternating electromagnetic field.

[0015] The effect of an alternating electromagnetic field on the boundary layer of a liquid or gas is known.

[0016] For example, in order to reduce the frictional resistance of an object (ship) moving in water, USSR Author's Certificate No. 457629 proposed to induce a traveling wave in a special shell through electromagnetic action.

[0017] It is also known to impose pulsed oscillations on the walls of a pipeline or channel, directed along the normal to the surface of contact of the flow with the walls of the pipeline or channel (https: / / top-technologies.ru / ru / article / view?id=34111).

[0018] Such designs are quite complex and expensive.

[0019] 4. Creating swirling flows.

[0020] Changing the pipe configuration to shift from laminar to swirling flow was proposed in the mid-20th century by Austrian researcher Viktor Schauberger, who developed and patented a spiral pipe for liquid and gaseous substances. The cross-section of such a pipe consists of several semicircles, and the pipe itself is twisted into a spiral configuration. Testing of these pipes at the Institute of Hygiene at the Stuttgart University of Technology (Germany) in 1952 showed that at a water flow rate of 310 cm3 / sec, the suction capacity of a spiral copper pipe is 4 times greater than that of a straight glass pipe, and 1.85 times greater than that of a straight copper pipe. This is due to the increased water flow velocity in the spiral pipe, which is due to reduced hydraulic losses (https: / / top-technologies.ru / ru / article / view?id=34111).

[0021] The Innovative Technologies Laboratory of the Institute of Applied Physics and Mathematics at the Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University has developed a comprehensive technology for reducing hydraulic friction in pressure pipelines. The technology involves the integrated provision of pulsed vibrations concentric across the pipeline diameter and directed toward the flow center, and / or an intermediate peripheral helical vortex layer of liquid, and / or a traveling standing wave along the flow direction. This creates at least three helical liquid flows in the form of vortex cords. The traveling standing wave is achieved by generating counter-pulsed vibrations with different frequencies, and the parameters of the concentric vibrations are selected depending on the properties of the liquid and the pipeline diameter (https: / / top-technologies.ru / ru / article / view?id=34111).

[0022] This analogue was chosen as a prototype of the claimed technical solution.

[0023] The objective of the claimed invention is to reduce hydraulic losses with a minimal increase in pipeline cost.

[0024] The said problem is solved due to the fact that in a pressure pipeline for fluid media with the creation of a helical vortex motion in the intermediate peripheral wall layer of the flow, according to the invention, in order to form a helical vortex motion of the flow in the wall layer, the inner surface of the pipeline is provided with a plurality of caverns (depressions, recesses) located along helical lines.

[0025] The pitch of the helical line of caverns can be from one to 20 diameters of the pipeline or air duct. The distance between caverns in the helical line is from 1 to 20 diameters of the caverns or holes into which the caverns fit.

[0026] The distance between helical lines with cavities is from one to two diameters of the cavities or the diameters of the holes into which these cavities fit.

[0027] The distances between the cavities in the lines are the same.

[0028] The location of the caverns in the lines is strictly in the middle of the distance between the caverns of the previous line (in a checkerboard pattern).

[0029] The cavity can have a regular geometric shape: circle, ellipse, square or rectangle, with a conical or radial depression.

[0030] The diameter of the outer part of the cavity or the circle into which it fits can range from 1 to 20 mm.

[0031] The depth of the cavity does not exceed 0.5 of the diameter of the cavity or hole into which it fits.

[0032] The inner surface of a pipeline with caverns can be covered with a layer of polymer, for example, fluoroplastic.

[0033] Due to the arrangement of the caverns along a helical line, the flow layer adjacent to the pipeline wall begins to swirl, that is, a vortex motion of this layer is formed, which reduces hydraulic losses due to friction.

[0034] As a result, the technical result is achieved - a reduction in hydraulic losses due to friction of the flow against the walls of the pipeline due to the formation of near-wall vortex flows with a minimal increase in the cost of the pipeline.

[0035] The essence of the claimed device is explained by drawings, where Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a pipeline, and Fig. 2 shows an enlarged representation of a pipeline wall with caverns.

[0036] Pressure pipeline 1 is intended for transporting fluid media, including liquid, gaseous and mixtures of liquids and gases.

[0037] The inner surface of pipeline 1 is provided with multiple cavities 2 (depressions, recesses) arranged along helical lines. The pitch of a helical line can range from one to 20 pipeline or duct diameters. The distance between cavities in a helical line ranges from one to 20 diameters of the cavities or openings into which it fits. The distance between helical lines with cavities ranges from one to two diameters of the cavities or openings into which it fits. The distances between cavities in the lines are uniform.

[0038] The location of the caverns in the lines is strictly in the middle between the caverns of the previous line (in a checkerboard pattern).

[0039] The cavity can have a regular geometric shape: circle, ellipse, square or rectangle, with a conical or radial depression.

[0040] The diameter of the outer part of the cavity or the circle it fits into can range from 1 to 20 mm. The depth of the cavity does not exceed 0.5 times the diameter of the cavity or the hole it fits into.

[0041] Caverns can be produced by extrusion (stamping) both in a sheet blank to produce a pipe and in a finished pipe.

[0042] Because the cavities are arranged along helical lines, the adjacent wall layer of the flow supplied to the pipeline under pressure begins to fill the cavities. This wall layer of the flow swirls into vortices. Due to the high rotational speed, vapors of lighter fractions are concentrated in the outer surface of the vortex that contacts the pipeline, thereby significantly reducing frictional resistance, which is also rolling resistance. Since there are numerous cavities, the vortices they create maintain a rolling regime of microvortices between the pipeline walls and the flow, acting as linear microbearings, significantly reducing the overall resistance to flow.

[0043] Also, to reduce resistance, pipelines with caverns in helical lines are coated internally with a polymer layer, such as fluoroplastic. The thickness of the polymer layer varies depending on the product being pumped: a few tenths of a millimeter for air and gases, and several millimeters for liquids and oil.

[0044] The overall synergistic effect of reducing the resistance of liquid products, gases or air in pipelines of this design can be from 80 to 90%.

Claims

FORMULA 1. A pressure pipeline for fluid media with the creation of a helical vortex motion in the intermediate peripheral wall layer of the flow, characterized in that, in order to form a helical vortex motion of the flow in the wall layer, the inner surface of the pipeline is provided with a plurality of cavities located along helical lines.

2. A pressure pipeline for fluid media according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the pitch of the helical line is from one to 20 diameters of the pipeline or air duct.

3. A pressure pipeline for fluid media according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the cavities in the helical line is from 1 to 20 diameters of the cavities or diameters of the openings into which these cavities fit.

4. A pressure pipeline for fluid media according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the helical lines with caverns is from one to two diameters of the caverns or the diameters of the openings into which these caverns fit.

5. A pressure pipeline for fluid media according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the distances between the cavities in the lines are the same.

6. A pressure pipeline for fluid media according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the arrangement of caverns in the lines is in the middle between the caverns of the previous line in a checkerboard pattern.

7. A pressure pipeline for fluid media according to claim 1, characterized in that the cavity has a regular geometric shape, a circle, an ellipse, a square or a rectangle, with a depression of a conical or radial shape.

8. A pressure pipeline for fluid media according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter of the outer part of the cavern or the circle into which it fits is from 1 to 20 mm.

9. A pressure pipeline for fluid media according to claim 1, characterized in that the depth of the cavern does not exceed 0.5 of the diameter of the cavern or the diameter of the opening into which they fit.

10. A pressure pipeline for fluid media according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner surface of the pipeline with caverns can be covered with a layer of polymer, for example, fluoroplastic.

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