Detection of OFDM sequences from a low power wake-up signal

Abstract

Methods and devices for receiving a wake-up are proposed. In a method (1000), a wireless device (1800) determines (1010) a set of symbols for monitoring the wake-up signal. The wireless device (1800) determines (1020) a codepoint for detection of the wake-up signal from a set of candidate codepoints, the codepoint linked to the wireless device (1800). The wireless device (1800) determines (1030) a pattern of one or more orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, OFDM sequences associated with the codepoint. The wireless device (1800) detects (1040) that the codepoint is indicated by the wake-up signal based on the determined pattern. In addition, the wireless device (1800) performs (1050) monitoring of a downlink control channel in response to detecting that the codepoint is indicated by the wake-up signal. In this way, efficient and low-complexity schemes for the wireless device (1800) to detect a low power-wake up signal may be enabled.

Description

Detection of OFDM sequences from a low power wake-up signalTechnical Field

[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to communication technology and more particularly, to methods and devices for detection of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) sequences from a low power wake-up signal and corresponding computer-readable medium.Background

[0002] A wake-up receiver (WUR), also referred to as ‘wake-up radio’, involves use of a low-power (LP) receiver in UEs, which detects a wake-up signal (WUS) that is specially designed to be highly energy efficient. The WUS is used to activate the main (baseband / RF / less power efficient) receiver to carry out more complex communication or sensory functions. Typical actions after activation may be reception of an incoming paging indication on the Packet Data Control Channel (PDCCH) during paging occasions (PO), further scheduling communication on the Packet Data Shared Channel (PDSCH). As 5G-Advanced transitions to 6G in the next decade, there is a stated intention to introduce sensory functions into cellular radios capable of functionality that may allow environmental awareness, mapping, and the detection of objects or motion.Summary

[0003] There currently exist certain challenges. An Efficient method of mapping OFDM sequences to symbols of a LP-WUS is required especially when it is desirable to keep receiver complexity low by having a small number of OFDM sequence candidates for each symbol.

[0004] In addition, details of the overlaid OFDM sequences and payload mapping for conveying information (e.g., subgroup ID) are lacking for the LP-WUS structure being considered for 3 GPP NR.

[0005] Certain aspects of the disclosure and their embodiments may provide solutions to these or other challenges. Efficient methods of mapping OFDM sequences to symbols of a LP-WUS are described especially for cases where a large number (N) of codepoints are to be indicated by LP-WUS using OFDM sequences chosen from a small (Y<N) set of candidate OFDM sequences.

[0006] UE using OFDM-based LP-WUS to detect a code-point from a candidate set of N code-points by detecting a pattern / arrangement / ordering of OFDM sequences on a set of symbols used for LP-WUS monitoring where the OFDM sequences are chosen from a small (Y<N) candidate set of OFDM sequences and the pattern / arrangement / ordering of OFDM sequences is determined based on one or more of a) value of N (determined from the number of subgroups parameter configured by higher layers) b) an identifier associated to the UE c) the number of symbols on which LP-WUS is monitored. Please see examples below in additional explanation section.

[0007] Certain embodiments may provide one or more of the following technical advantage(s). The solutions enable efficient and low-complexity schemes for UEs to detect LP-WUS. For the network, the solutions are beneficial in terms of resource efficiency, low-complexity, and scheduling flexibility. The solutions are also useful for enabling low power devices in 6G.

[0008] In one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method performed by a wireless device for receiving a wake-up signal from a network node. The method comprises determining a set of symbols for monitoring the wake-up signal. The method comprises determining a codepoint for detection of the wake-up signal from a set of candidate codepoints, the codepoint linked to the wireless device. The method comprises determining a pattern of one or more orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, OFDM, sequences associated with the codepoint, wherein a sequence of the one or more OFDM sequences is mapped to at least one symbol of the set of symbols, a sequence of the one or more OFDM sequences belongs to a candidate set of OFDM sequences and a number of candidate OFDM sequences in the set of candidate OFDM sequences is smaller than or equal to the number of candidate codepoints in the set of candidate codepoints. The method comprises detecting that the codepoint is indicated by the wake-up signal based on the determined pattern. The method comprises performing monitoring of a downlink control channel in response to detecting that the codepoint is indicated by the wake-up signal.

[0009] In one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method performed by a network node for transmitting a wake-up signal to a wireless device. The method comprises determining a set of symbols for transmitting the wake-up signal. The method comprises determining a codepoint for detection of the wake-up signal from a set of candidate codepoints, the codepoint linked to the wireless device. The method comprises determining a pattern of one or more orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, OFDM, sequences associated with the codepoint, wherein a sequence of the one or more OFDM sequences is mapped to at leastone symbol of the set of symbols, a sequence of the one or more OFDM sequences belongs to a set of candidate OFDM sequences and a number of candidate OFDM sequences in the set of candidate OFDM sequences is smaller than or equal to a number of candidate codepoints in the set of candidate codepoints. The method comprises transmitting, to the wireless device, the wake-up signal based on the pattern.

[0010] In one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a wireless device comprising processing circuitry and at least one memory operatively associated with the processing circuitry. The processing circuitry is programmed to determine a set of symbols for monitoring the wake-up signal. The processing circuitry is programmed to determine a codepoint for detection of the wake-up signal from a set of candidate codepoints, the codepoint linked to the wireless device. The processing circuitry is programmed to determine a pattern of one or more orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, OFDM, sequences associated with the codepoint, wherein a sequence of the one or more OFDM sequences is mapped to at least one symbol of the set of symbols, a sequence of the one or more OFDM sequences belongs to a candidate set of OFDM sequences and a number of candidate OFDM sequences in the set of candidate OFDM sequences is smaller than or equal to the number of candidate codepoints in the set of candidate codepoints. The processing circuitry is programmed to detect that the codepoint is indicated by the wake-up signal based on the determined pattern. The processing circuitry is programmed to perform monitoring of a downlink control channel in response to detecting that the codepoint is indicated by the wake-up signal.

[0011] In one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a network node comprising processing circuitry and at least one memory operatively associated with the processing circuitry. The processing circuitry is programmed to determine a set of symbols for transmitting the wake-up signal. The processing circuitry is programmed to determine a codepoint for detection of the wake-up signal from a set of candidate codepoints, the codepoint linked to the wireless device. The processing circuitry is programmed to determine a pattern of one or more orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, OFDM, sequences associated with the codepoint, wherein a sequence of the one or more OFDM sequences is mapped to at least one symbol of the set of symbols, a sequence of the one or more OFDM sequences belongs to a set of candidate OFDM sequences and a number of candidate OFDM sequences in the set of candidate OFDM sequences is smaller than or equal to a number of candidate codepoints in the set of candidate codepoints. The processing circuitry is programmed to transmit, to the wireless device, the wake-up signal based on the pattern.

[0012] In one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform any of the above methods.

[0013] This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.Brief Description of the Drawings

[0014] The accompanying drawing figures incorporated in and forming a part of this specification illustrate several aspects of the disclosure, and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.

[0015] Figure 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of a location of a wake-up signal (WUS) and its associated paging occasion (PO);

[0016] Figure 2 shows a dedicated wake up radio (WUR) used for monitoring a WUS;

[0017] Figure 3 illustrates a schematic diagram of a unified low power (LP)-WUS design;

[0018] Figure 4 illustrates a schematic diagram of on-off keying (OOK) overlaid with OFDM sequences for WUS;

[0019] Figure 5 illustrates a schematic diagram of OFDM WUR monitoring a portion of the unified WUS;

[0020] Figure 6 illustrates a schematic diagram of OOK-M overlaid with OFDM sequences in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0021] Figure 7A illustrates a schematic diagram of a WUR of UE detecting OFDM sequences on OOK ON symbols to detect the WUS in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0022] Figure 7B illustrates a schematic diagram of a LP-WUS monitoring occasion comprising a plurality of OFDM symbols used for OFDM-based LP-WUS in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0023] Figure 8 illustrates a schematic diagram of an encoding scheme with OFDM sequences in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0024] Figure 9 illustrates another schematic diagram of an encoding scheme with OFDM sequences in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0025] Figure 10 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a wireless device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0026] Figure 11 shows a flowchart of a process for determining the pattern of one or more OFDM sequences in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0027] Figure 12 shows a flowchart of a process for monitoring the wake-up signal in additional symbols in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0028] Figure 13 shows a flowchart of a method implemented at a network node for transmitting a wake-up signal to a wireless device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0029] Figure 14 shows a flowchart of a process for determining the pattern of one or more OFDM sequences in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0030] Figure 15 shows a flowchart of a process for transmitting the wake-up signal in additional symbols in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0031] Figure 16 shows an example of a communication system in accordance with some embodiments;

[0032] Figure 17 shows another example of a communication system in accordance with some embodiments;

[0033] Figure 18 is a block diagram showing a wireless device in accordance with some embodiments;

[0034] Figure 19 is a block diagram showing a network node in accordance with some embodiments; and

[0035] Figure 20 is a block diagram illustrating a virtualization environment in which functions implemented by some embodiments may be virtualized.Detailed Description

[0036] Some of the embodiments contemplated herein will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Embodiments are provided by way of example to convey the scope of the subject matter to those skilled in the art.

[0037] The WUR is mainly useful in lowering energy consumption and improving device battery life or trading off reduction of latency (through shorter discontinuous reception intervals) for fixed energy consumption by preventing more complex functions from operating unless needed. Figure 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of a location of a WUS and its associated PO.

[0038] The WUR has the following characteristics:• Extremely low power, simple and low-cost receiver architecture, relaxed requirements, and noisier (i.e., less accurate) clock or oscillator compared to legacy;• Significant power saving gain by maximizing the time in which the main receiver can be in the sleep mode;• Enablers for zero energy / battery -less devices, and energy harvesting operations;• Compromised coverage due to lower receiver sensitivity.

[0039] As an example, Figure 2 shows a dedicated wake up radio (WUR) 205 used for monitoring a wake-up signal (WUS). Once the WUR 205 detects the WUS as one likely addressed to itself, it activates the main (baseban d / RF / less power efficient) receiver 210 to detect further incoming messages. Thus, the main receiver 210 can go to sleep mode and save power until it is triggered by WUR 205. The WUS is itself transmitted using an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based transmitter from the network using equipment that is shared with the base station for cellular communication.Third Generation Partnership Project (3 GPP) standardization on new radio (NR) WUR

[0040] The Rel-18 study item on “low-power wake-up signal and receiver for NR” is completed and the technical report is provided in: TR 38.869, V0.4.0, “Study on low-power Wake-up Signal and Receiver for NR” [2], In Rel-19 Work Item various design aspects of WUS / WUR are specified. For Rel-19, the objective is to specify the wake-up signal for both radio resource control (RRC) Idle / Inactive and RRC Connected states: RP -234056, New WID: Low-power wake-up signal and receiver for NR (LP WUS / WUR) [3], Some of the objectives are listed below (PSS represents Primary Synchronization Signal; SS represents Synchronization Signal; SSS represents Secondary Synchronization Signal; RRM represents Radio Resource Management):The objectives of the work item are the following:• To specify an LP-WUS design commonly applicable to both IDLE / INACTIVE and CONNECTED modes (RANI, RAN4)• Specify OOK (OOK-1 and / or OOK-4) based LP-WUS with overlaid OFDM sequence(s) over OOK symbolThe LP-WUS design shall ensure that for IDLE / INACTIVE operation, the same information is delivered irrespective of LP-WUR type. The OFDM sequence can carry information.For IDLE / INACTIVE modes• Specify procedure and configuration of LP-WUS indicating paging monitoring triggered by LP-WUS, including at least configuration, sub-grouping and entry / exit condition for LP-WUS monitoring (RAN2, RANI, RAN3, RAN4) • Specify LP-SS with periodicity with Yms for LP-WUR, for synchronization and / or RRM for serving cell. (RANI, RAN4)• LP-SS is based on OOK-1 and / or OOK-4 waveform with or without overlaid OFDM sequences. Further down selection between with and without overlaid OFDM sequences is to be done within WI.• Note: For LP-WUR that can receive existing PSS / SSS, existing PSS / SSS can be used for synchronization and RRM instead of LP-SS.• Specify further RRM relaxation of UE MR for both serving and neighbor cell measurements, and UE serving cell RRM measurement offloaded from MR to LP-WUR, including the necessary conditions (RAN4, RAN2) Unified WUS design: OOK overlaid with OFDM sequences

[0041] The WUR is expected to have limited capabilities in terms of supported modulation schemes, synchronization, and receiver architecture. For example, the WUR may only support a simple modulation scheme such as on-off keying (OOK) and employ time domain envelope detection. Nevertheless, in some other cases, a low power wake-up receiver can be more capable, e.g., capable of receiving an OFDM -based signal or both OOK -based and OFDMbased signals. Specifically, the following types of WUR may be provided:• OOK-based WUR: supports on-off keying (OOK) modulation and employs time domain envelope detection.• OFDM-based WUR: more capable receiver that can receive OFDM -based signals such as PSS / SSS, and capable of processing in-phase / quadrature (EQ) samples. For synchronization, existing PSS / SSS can be used.

[0042] In Rel-19 LP-WUS / WUR work item, one objective is to specify a unified signal design that accommodates OOK and OFDM waveform, i.e., overlayed OFDM sequences over OOK symbols. Within the scope of Rel-19, the same information is delivered irrespective of LP-WUR type and the OFDM sequence can carry information. The term unified WUS or harmonized WUS may be referred to as a WUS which can be utilized by any WUR regardless of its architecture / capability (e.g., WUR capable of receiving OOK-based signal only, OFDMbased signal only, or both). WUS information payload typically carries some information. The information for example can be about UE group for which the WUS is intended. Illustrative figures for the unified LP-WUS design are shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4.Early termination of WUR:

[0043] Considering that OFDM-based WUR has a superior coverage compared to the OOK-based WUR, its WUS monitoring duration can be shorter. Therefore, depending on the WUS structure, OFDM- WUR can have an early termination for WUR monitoring resulting in power saving. Figure 5 illustrates a schematic diagram of OFDM WUR monitoring a portion of the unified WUS, which is a shorter monitoring duration compared to the portion monitored by the OOK WUR.Monitoring of LP-WUS

[0044] UEs may support reception of low-power wake-up signal (WUS) to achieve power saving. UEs may receive LP-WUS using a LP -WUR. LP-WUR is generally expected to operate with much lower active power compared to the UE main receiver (MR) and thus have limited capabilities in terms of supported modulation schemes, synchronization, and receiver architecture. LP-WUS is transmitted from the network to UE and is used to trigger UE to monitor PDCCH, e g., paging PDCCH in RRC-IDLE / INACTIVE. The LP-WUS can carry some information about UE subgroup, e.g., to indicate which UE to wake up upon detecting the LP-WUS. There can be different types of WUR such as OOK-based or OFDM-based. The WUS can be based on a unified structure which is an OOK overlaid with OFDM sequences.

[0045] In one OFDM symbol, there can be one or multiple OOK symbol s / segments / chips. Specifically, OOK with parameter M (examples of M are {1,2,4,8,16}) means within one OFDM symbol there are M ON or OFF symbols of OOK (see Figure 6). The OFDM WUR detects WUS information by detecting the OFDM sequences (as illustrated in Figure 6). Figure 7A illustrates a schematic diagram of a WUR of UE detecting OFDM sequences on OOK ON symbols to detect the WUS.

[0046] Monitoring of LP-WUS generally implies actions performed by a UE to detect or decode a LP-WUS. The UE can attempt to detect LP-WUS in a set of time / frequency resources. The time resources can be OFDM symbols and the frequency resources can be physical resource blocks (PRBs) or subcarriers within the PRBs. The time resources can also be expressed in terms of LP-WUS monitoring occasions (MOs). The UE typically determines LP-WUS information upon successful detection / decoding of LP-WUS. Based on LP-WUS information, the UE can determine whether to monitor paging PDCCH in one or more subsequent paging occasions (POs) associated with the detected LP-WUS. The UE typically determines whether it is being paged or not based on information scheduled by a paging PDCCH.

[0047] UEs monitoring a PO can be divided into multiple UE subgroups. For example, LP-WUS information can be wake-up indication for one or more subgroups that a UE belongsto. If the UE determines that LP-WUS information indicates ‘wake up’ for its subgroup(s), it monitors one or more POs associated with the LP-WUS and if LP-WUS information does not indicate ‘wake up’ for its subgroup(s), it skips monitoring the associated one or more POs. This enables energy efficient UE operation.

[0048] Indication of ‘wake-up’ via LP-WUS information can for example be successful decoding of one or more code-points decoded from LP-WUS or successful decoding that one or more bit positions in a bitmap decoded from LP-WUS are set to a specific bit-value (e.g., ‘ 1’). The one or more code-points can be associated to the one or more subgroups that the UE belongs to (‘code-point based’ LP-WUS information). The one or more bit positions in the bitmap can be associated to the one or more subgroups that the UE belongs to (‘bitmap based’ LP-WUS information).

[0049] LP-WUS occasions (LOs) can be defined for LP-WUS monitoring. Each LO can have one or more LP-WUS monitoring occasions (MOs) where UE may monitor for LP-WUS transmission in each of the LP-WUS MOs. Different LP-WUS MOs may correspond to different beams in multi-beam operation. UE may monitor LOs with a configured periodicity. The MOs can typically comprise time resources such as OFDM symbols or slots or subframes or frames as defined for NR.

[0050] In a LP-WUS MO, the UE attempts to detect LP-WUS to decode LP-WUS information. The LP-WUS information can be code-point based or bitmap based as described above. A LP-WUS MO can comprise a set of OFDM symbols. LP-WUS information can be encoded and transmitted (by gNB) or received (by UE) on the set of OFDM symbols. For example, LP-WUS information can be encoded and transmitted (by gNB) or received (by UE) on one or more repetitions of resource allocation units (RAUs) where each RAU comprises a set of OFDM symbols. The LP-WUS includes a set of information bits indicating wakeup information in the LP-WUS. The information bits are encoded and mapped in each RAU..

[0051] For the below embodiments, the signaling indicating number of subgroups (N_sg) can for example comprise RRC parameter(s) sent in a system information block (SIB ). The number of subgroups N_sg can be a total number of subgroups for both core network (CN) assigned subgrouping (if any) and UE ID based subgrouping (if any) in a PO. Alternately, N_sg can be number of subgroups for UE ID based subgrouping in a PO.

[0052] Higher layer signaling in the below embodiments can refer to RRC signaling which can include broadcast signaling such as SIB.

[0053] In an embodiment (E0), a UE determines a set of OFDM symbols in a LP-WUS monitoring occasion (e.g., pl,p2...pj in Figure 7B). From the set of OFDM symbols, the UEcan determine a set of symbols (e.g., OOK ON symbols) used for LP-WUS monitoring (e.g., ql,q2,... qK in Figure 7B, in some cases these can be same as pl,p2...pj). The UE determines LP-WUS information from one or more OFDM sequences (e.g., sl,s2,... sL in Figure 7B) detected from the set of symbols. The UE can determine LP-WUS information based on OFDM sequences detected in one or more symbols of the set of symbols (different OFDM sequences can be detected by the UE on different symbols) and based on an ordering / pattem / arrangement in which the OFDM sequences are detected. The OFDM sequence detected on a symbol can be a sequence that belongs to a set of Y candidate OFDM sequences.

[0054] The set of Y candidate OFDM sequences can be predefined or can be determined by the UE based on gNB signaling. For example, there can be set of Y=4 candidate OFDM sequences (e.g., si, s2,..s4) where each candidate OFDM sequence corresponds to a Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence of a specific length and unique combination of cyclic shift and root index value used to generate the Zadoff-chu sequence. The length of all candidate OFDM sequences can be same. The candidate OFDM sequences can be obtained by truncating or extending ZC sequences. Instead of ZC, in some examples, the candidate OFDM sequences can also be M-sequences or Gold sequences.

[0055] LP-WUS information can be determined by the UE by determining whether a codepoint is indicated by LP-WUS or not. Upon detecting that the code-point is indicated, the UE can monitor a corresponding PDCCH. For example, the PDCCH can be a paging PDCCH in PO associated with the MO in which the LP-WUS is received. The indicated code-point can be a code-point that belongs to a candidate set of N code-points (e.g., zl, z2, ...zN).

[0056] The UE can determine the candidate set of N code-points based on a number of subgroups (N_sg) parameter. For example, if N_sg=8, there can be N=9 code-points in the candidate set (e.g., one code-point corresponding to each subgroup of 8 subgroups and one common code-point corresponding to all subgroups). For example, if N_sg=15, there can be N=16 code-points in the candidate set (e.g., one code-point corresponding to each subgroup of 15 subgroups and one common code-point corresponding to all subgroups).

[0057] The number of candidates in the candidate set of code-points can be typically larger than the number of candidates in the candidate set of OFDM sequences, i.e., N can be larger than Y. Having N>Y reduces UE complexity and improves UE power consumption. Small Y may imply fewer correlations in some UE implementations. Large N implies more subgroups which in turn reduces false wake-ups to receive paging.

[0058] The UE can determine whether a code-point is indicated by using one or more mapping rules between the set of N code-points and the order / pattern / arrangement of theOFDM sequences (e.g., sl,s2,...sL in Figure 7B ) detected in one or more symbols of the set of symbols.

[0059] In a simple case where Y=N, the mapping rule can be that each candidate OFDM sequence is mapped to a corresponding candidate code-point using one-to-one mapping. For example, code-point zi is mapped to sequence si, and if UE detects sequence si in one or more symbols in set of symbols, it determines that code-point zi is indicated by LP-WUS. If there is more than one symbol in the set of symbols, si may be repeated in multiple symbols to improve reliability.

[0060] In cases where Y<N, the mapping rule can be such that each code-point in the candidate set of code-points is associated with a corresponding unique order / pattern / arrangement in which the OFDM sequences are detected on one or more symbols in the set of symbols. For example, to determine LP-WUS information from K symbols, and N codepoints (i.e., candidate set of code-points is zl,z,2,...zN), and Y=4 (i.e., candidate set of sequences is sl,s2,s3,s4), Table A-l below shows an example mapping rule.Table A- 1

[0061] In one example embodiment (El), a candidate set of Y OFDM sequences (e.g., {sl,s2,...SY}) is determined by the UE via higher layer signaling or via a predefined table. Multiple mapping rules (e.g., multiple Tables like Table Al above) for different combinations of N (number of code-points in the candidate set of code-points) and K (number of symbols inwhich a code-point is detected) can be predefined. The UE determines N based on higher layer signaling (e.g., from a RRC parameter indicating number of subgroups (N_sg)) and determines K based on higher layer signaling (e.g., based on one or more of a RRC parameter indicating number OFDM symbols in a MO, a RRC parameter indicating number OOK symbols in an OFDM symbol, a RRC parameter indicating repetitions of LP-WUS). To determine whether a LP-WUS code-point zi is indicated, UE uses the mapping rule corresponding to the determined combination of N and K and, from the mapping rule, it determines the unique pattern / order / arrangement of the OFDM sequences on the K Symbols corresponding to codepoint zi, and if that unique pattern / order / arrangement of OFDM sequences is detected, it determines that code-point zi is indicated by LP-WUS.

[0062] In another example embodiment (E2), which can be a more specific example of embodiments discussed above, a code-point zi (in the candidate set of N code-points zl,z2,...zN) can correspond to a bit-sequence or codeword (e.g., bitl,bit2,...,bitW-l,bitW as shown in Figure 7B). The length of the codeword (i.e., W) can be determined based on N (e.g., W=ceil(log2(N))). The UE can determine the corresponding ordering / pattern / arrangement in which the OFDM sequences are to be detected in the Symbols for the codepoint by using the order in which of multiple sub-blocks of bits in the codeword are arranged and by using mapping rules (e.g., Table A-2 or Table A-3 below) that map candidate OFDM sequences to different possible combinations of bits within each subblock. The subblock can have different lengths. The maximum length of any subblock can be Q = ceil(log2(Y)).

[0063] For example, considering Y=8 candidate OFDM sequences, to detect a code-point zi from N=32 possible codepoints, the UE can consider the codeword corresponding to that codepoint (e.g., codeword with bit-sequence bitl,bit2,bit3,bit4,bit5) and consider multiple subblocks (e.g., ceil(W / log2(Y)) = 2 subblocks), each with length smaller than or equal to ceil(log2(Y))=3 bits (one subblock of length 3bits and another subblock of length 2bits) starting from the edge of the codeword. For example, starting from the least significant bits of the codeword. In a more detailed example, the first subblock can be bit3,bit4,bit5 and second subblock can be bitl,bit2. The UE can then use a corresponding mapping rule for the corresponding subblock length (i.e., three bits length or two bits length) to determine the OFDM sequence mapped for that subblock. If bit3,bit4,bit5 of the codeword of code-point zi maps to OFDM sequence si and bitl ,bit2 map to OFDM sequence sj , the UE determines that codepoint zi is indicated if OFDM sequence pattern si,sj is detected in the symbols of LP-WUS.

[0064] In one example, the mapping between subblock bits and candidate OFDM sequences can be such that one candidate OFDM sequence is mapped to multiple subblocklength (e.g., rows 1-4 in Table A-2). Such a mapping reduces UE complexity as Y is kept to a small value.

[0065] In another example, the mapping between subblock bits and candidate OFDM sequences can be such that different subblock lengths are mapped to different sets of OFDM sequences (e.g., Table A-3). Such a mapping provides more flexibility but increases the number of candidate OFDM sequences. With such a mapping, the subblocks from the codeword are determined by first considering all subblocks with maximum possible subblock length, and then considering subblock with next smaller length. For example, if codeword length W is 7bits then considering a mapping in Table A-3, the two subblocks of 3 bits each and one subblock of Ibit are considered for the codeword. If codeword length W is 5 bits, two subblocks one of 3bits and other of 2 bits are considered.Table A-2Table A-3

[0066] Further example embodiments are given hereinafter:

[0067] In some embodiments, a method in a UE is proposed. In the method, the UE determines a set of K symbols for monitoring a low power wake up signal (LP-WUS). The UE determines a code-point (zi) for detection of the LP-WUS wherein the codepoint (zi) is linked to the UE and the codepoint belongs to a set of N candidate codepoints. The UE determines a pattern[ / ordering / arrangement] of one or more OFDM sequences associated with the codepoint (zi) where each OFDM sequence of the one or more OFDM sequences is mapped to one or more symbols of the set of K symbols, each sequence of the one or more OFDM sequences belongs to a set of Y candidate OFDM sequences and Y is smaller than or equal to N. Then, the UE detects that codepoint (zi) is indicated by LP-WUS and performing PDCCH monitoring in response to the detection.

[0068] In some embodiments, the codepoint is determined from a paging subgroup index of the UE and the pattern[ / ordering / arrangement] is determined based on one or more of the subgroup index, value of N (determined from a number of subgroups parameter configured by higher layers) and value of K.

[0069] In some embodiments, the UE may determine a set of additional KI symbols for monitoring the LP-WUS. Then, the UE may use the unique pattem / order / arrangement associated with the codepoint (zi) of one or more OFDM sequences in the set of KI symbols where each OFDM sequence of the one or more OFDM sequences is mapped to one or more symbols of the set of KI symbols.

[0070] In some embodiments, the UE may monitor WUS in a MO, the set of K symbols and set of KI symbols are in the same WUS MO.

[0071] In some embodiments, in order to determine the pattem / order / arrangement associated with the codepoint (zi) of one or more OFDM sequences, the UE may determine a codeword of W bits associated with the codepoint, determine H subblocks from the codeword whose pattern / order / arrangement in the codeword based on a predefined order of reading bits from the codeword and based on the length of the subblocks wherein the length of any subblock is less than or equal to B<W bits. Then, the UE may determine H OFDM sequences corresponding to each subblock where each OFDM sequence is determined based on a mapping rule that maps possible bit-sequences for that subblock with candidate OFDM sequences and determine the pattern / order / arrangement of mapping the H OFDM sequences to one or more symbols of the set of K symbols based on the pattern / order / arrangement or subblocks in the codeword.

[0072] In some embodiments, the symbols in the set of K symbols are OFDM symbols.

[0073] In some embodiments, the symbols in the set of K symbols are OOK symbols.

[0074] In some embodiments, one or more symbols in the set of K symbols are OOK ON symbols.

[0075] In some embodiments, the codepoint linked to the UE is determined is based on a sub group index associated with the UE where the UE uses the subgroup index for paging related procedures in RRC Idle / Inactive.

[0076] In some embodiments, the codepoint linked to the UE is determined based on a higher layer parameter configured for the UE where the higher layer parameter is used by the UE for detecting LP-WUS in RRC connected mode.

[0077] In some embodiments, a method for a network node is proposed. In the method, the network node determines a set of K symbols for transmitting a low power wake up signal (LP-WUS). The network node determines a code-point (zi) for indicating using the the LP-WUS wherein the codepoint (zi) is linked to a UE and the codepoint belongs to a set of N candidate codepoints. The network node determines a pattern[ / ordering / arrangement] of one or more OFDM sequences associated with the codepoint (zi) where each OFDM sequence of the one or more OFDM sequences is mapped to one or more symbols of the set of K symbols, each sequence of the one or more OFDM sequences belongs to a set of Y candidate OFDM sequences and Y is smaller than or equal to N. Then, the network node indicates that codepoint (zi) to the UE by using LP-WUS and transmitting an associated PDCCH.

[0078] In some embodiments, the codepoint is determined from a paging subgroup index of the UE and the patternf / ordering / arrangement] is determined based on one or more of the subgroup index, value of N (determined from a number of subgroups parameter configured by higher layers) and value of K.

[0079] In some embodiments, the network node determines a set of additional KI symbols for transmitting the LP-WUS. The network node uses the unique pattem / order / arrangement associated with the codepoint (zi) of one or more OFDM sequences in the set of KI symbols where each OFDM sequence of the one or more OFDM sequences is mapped to one or more symbols of the set of KI symbols.

[0080] In some embodiments, the network node transmits WUS in a MO, the set of K symbols and set of KI symbols are in the same WUS MO.

[0081] In some embodiments, in order to determine the pattem / order / arrangement associated with the codepoint (zi) of one or more OFDM sequences, the network node may determine a codeword of W bits associated with the codepoint and determines and determine H subblocks from the codeword whose pattern / order / arrangement in the codeword based on a predefined order of reading bits from the codeword and based on the length of the subblocks wherein the length of any subblock is less than or equal to B<W bits. Then, the network node may determine H OFDM sequences corresponding to each subblock where each OFDM sequence is determined based on a mapping rule that maps possible bit-sequences for that subblock with candidate OFDM sequences and determine the pattem / order / arrangement of mapping the H OFDM sequences to one or more symbols of the set of K symbols based on the pattern / order / arrangement or subblocks in the codeword.

[0082] In some embodiments, the symbols in the set of K symbols are OFDM symbols.

[0083] In some embodiments, the symbols in the set of K symbols are OOK symbols.

[0084] In some embodiments, the one or more symbols in the set of K symbols are OOK ON symbols.

[0085] In some embodiments, the codepoint linked to the UE is determined is based on a sub group index associated with the UE where the UE uses the subgroup index for paging related procedures in RRC Idle / Inactive.

[0086] In some embodiments, the codepoint linked to the UE is determined based on a higher layer parameter configured for the UE where the higher layer parameter is used by the UE for detecting LP-WUS in RRC connected mode.

[0087] More detailed embodiments of procedures related to above embodiments are explained below.Overlaid sequences for WUS payload

[0088] Payload bits (information bits or channel coded bits) can be transmitted / received based on the OFDM sequence(s) used for modulating the subcarriers that are in turn used for generating the cyclic prefix (CP)-orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) symbols associated with the LP-WUS. For example, a candidate set of sequences can be predefined and the OFDM sequence can be chosen from the candidate set. The OFDM sequences can be overlaid on OFDM symbol or and OOK symbol / segment. In general, there can be Y sequence candidates per OFDM symbol or OOK symbol (within one OFDM symbol, there can be one or multiple OOK symbols indicating ON / OFF patterns). The OFDM sequences can be based on Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequences with different roots and / or cyclic shifts (CS). For example, the following cases can be considered:• All sequences have different roots• All sequences have different cyclic shifts• For up to P sequences, different roots are used. Beyond that different cyclic shifts are applied.oFor example, if the number of sequences is less than P=16, different roots are used.If P=20, then the first 16 sequences use different roots and same CS (e.g., 0), and the rest have roots=module (L, P), with different CSs.• For up to P sequences, different cyclic shifts are used. Beyond that different roots are applied.

[0089] The amount of information to be carried by the WUS depends on the number of subgroups. In addition, for each OFDM symbol (or OOK symbol), if there are Y sequences in the candidate set, then detecting a particular OFDM sequence from the Y sequences can convey log2(Y) payload bits. For example, candidate sequences sO , si, s2, s3 (i.e., Y=4) can be mapped to payload bit patterns 00, 01, 10, 11 respectively. If the UE detects si, the payload bits would be 01. More examples of sequence candidates and payloads are provided in the following tables (Table 1 -Table 4).

[0090] To indicate N subgroups, at least log2(N) information bits is needed. Hence, with Y sequences per symbol, the number of ON symbols to carry indicate one of the N subgroups is ceil [log2(N) / long2(Y)], with ceil [.] being the ceiling function. For example, to indicate 16subgroups, 4 bits of information is needed. With Y=4, two OFDM symbols are needed to indicate one of the subgroups among 16 possible subgroups.Table 1: Sequences and payload [4 candidates, 2 bits].Table 2: Sequences and payload [8 candidates, 3 bits].Table 3: Sequences and payload [16 candidates, 4 bits].Table 4: Sequences and payload [32 candidates, 5 bits].

[0091] There are different ways to indicate certain number of subgroups based on number of the number of sequence candidates. Let Y be the number of sequence candidates, then each sequence carries B=log2(Y) bits per OFDM symbol (or OOK symbol). To indicate each of N subgroups, at least L=log2(N) information bits is needed. Different options can be considered as described below:

[0092] Option 1 : If the same number of sequences are used for different OFDM symbols, then at least M=ceil [B / L] ON symbols are needed to indicate one the subgroups. In this case, the WUS carries (M*B)^L information bits. The UE may ignore the (M*B-L) additional bits. Examples considering the sequences in the above tables are as follows:• Example of indicating one of N=16 subgroups (e.g., subgroup 6: 0110), with Y=4 sequence candidates: WUS: [a3, a2]=

[0110] • Example of indicating one of N=16 subgroups (e.g., subgroup 6: 0110), with Y=8 sequence candidates: WUS: [bl, b7]=[000110], and the UE ignores the last two bits

[0000] ,

[0093] Option 2 : In another option which is a variant of Option 1, the mapping of sequence to bits is linked to the index of symbols. In this case, a sequence S can represent z bits in OFDM symbol (or OOK symbol) i. For example, sequence si in OFDM symbol #1 represents bits 00, and in OFDM symbol #2 represents bit 0.

[0094] Table 5 shows an example of sequence-bit mapping based on the index of symbols for 8 sequence candidates. Here, each sequence represents 3 bits, 2 bits, or 1 bit in symbols 1, 2, or 3 respectively.

[0095] Example of indicating one of N=32 subgroups (e.g., subgroup 6: 00110) is: [b2, b4]=

[0110] .Table 5: Example of sequence-bit mapping linked to the index of symbols.

[0096] Option 3: In another case, different number of sequence candidates can be used across different OFDM symbols. For example, in one symbol, there are Y1 sequence candidates, in another symbol there are Y2 sequence candidates. In this case, the total information bits that can be conveyed over two symbols is: [log2(Yl)+log2(Y2)]. Here, the combinations of above tables can be considered (Table 6 shows a combination of 4 and 8 sequence candidates to indicate combinations of 2 and 3 bits).

[0097] Examples considering the sequences in the above tables are as follows:• Example of indicating one of N=32 subgroups (e.g., subgroup 6: 00110), with Yl=8 and Y2=4 sequence candidates: WUS: [al, b7]=

[0110] .Table 6: Combinations of 4 and 8 sequence candidates to indicate combinations of 2 and 3 bitsEncoding and decoding schemes

[0098] Here, examples of encoding schemes with OFDM sequences are provided.Scheme 1 (illustrated in Figure 8):• Given the number of subgroups [N] and number of sequence candidates per OFDM symbol (or OOK symbol), the first number of OFDM / OOK symbols [M] is determined, where M can be given by ceil [log2(N) / log2(Y)].• Indicating specific subgroup: the subgroup index in the form of binary bits is divided (or segmented) into M segments and each segment is mapped to a sequence (e.g., among sequences in the previous section). Size of segments can be adjusted by for example, zero padding (if needed). For example, to indicate subgroup index 6, assuming N=16 number of subgroups, Y=4, M=2: subgroup index is 0110 which is divided into two segments “01” and “10” which are then mapped to sequences “a3=01” and “a2=10”.• Then, the sequences are mapped to the ON OFDM / OOK symbols• Finally, time domain repetitions may be applied to create the final WUSScheme 2 (illustrated in Figure 9):• Given the number of subgroups [N], number of sequence candidates per OFDM symbol (or OOK symbol), and repetition factor, the number of OFDM / OOK symbols [M] is determined, where M=R*ceil [log2(N) / log2(Y)] for time repetition, or M=ceil [log2(R*N) / log2(Y)] for bit-level repetition.• Indicating specific subgroup: the subgroup index in the form of binary bits is repeated by factor of R. The repetition can be applied to the entire bit string (e.g. repeat the block of bits) or to each individual bit (e.g. repeat each bit of the block). Then, the repeated bits are divided (or segmented) into M segments and each segment is mapped to a sequence (e.g., among sequences in the previous section). Size of segments can be adjusted by for example, zero padding (if needed). For example, to indicate subgroup index 6, assuming N=16 number of subgroups, Y=4, R=2, M=4: subgroup index is 0110:oln one example (e.g. repetition of block of bits), the repeated version is 01100110 which is divided into M=4 segments with the following sequence mapping: “a3=01”, “al=10”, “a3=01”, “al=10”oln another example (e.g. repeat each bit of the block), the repeated version is 00111100 which is divided into M=4 segments with the following sequence mapping: “al=00”, “a4=ll”, “a4=ll”, “al=00”• Then, the sequences are mapped to the OFDM / OOK symbolsDecoding:

[0099] The UE is configured with the number of subgroups [N] and it determines its subgroup ID. It is also configured with a WUS monitoring window which can be through: start and end of the monitoring, start and duration of the monitoring, start of the monitoring and the repetition factor.

[0100] The UE is also configured with set of sequences and the mapping between sequences and bits (e.g., bits “10” is indicated by sequence a2). The UE performs sequence detection in each OFDM / OOK symbol to extract the payload corresponding to its subgroup ID. Since OFDM sequences are overlaid on ON symbol of OOK signal, the UE may perform blind detection of the sequence over each two OOK symbols (assuming that there is one ON symbol in each two consecutive symbols). In case of Manchester encoding for OOK, then it is ensured there is one ON symbol in every two consecutive symbols.

[0101] Example: there are 32 subgroups, 4 candidate sequences per OFDM symbol, repetition factor is 2, and the UE subgroup is 6.Subgroup bits=OO 110Sequences (based on below table): “al [00 or 0], a3

[0001] , a2

[0010] Transmitted sequences with repetition 2:• Example 1: [al, a3, a2, al, a3, a2]• Example 2: [al, al, a3, a3, a2, a2]Mapping to OFDM symbols based on the OOK pattern. For example, OOK patten [101010101010]• Example 1: [al, 0, a3, 0, a2, 0, al, 0, a3, 0, a2, 0]• Example 2: [al, 0, al, 0, a3, 0, a3,0, a2, 0, a2, 0]Decoding: the UE monitors 12 OFDM symbols:• For Example 2, it tries to detect sequence al in the first four symbols (considering the repetition), sequence a3 in the second four symbols, and sequence a 2 in the third four symbols.

[0102] Figure 10 shows a flowchart of a method 1000 implemented at a wireless device for receiving a wake-up signal from a network node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The method 1000 may be performed by a wireless device 1800 (as described later with reference to Figure 18).

[0103] As shown in Figure 10, the method 1000 comprises determining 1010, by the wireless device 1800, a set of symbols for monitoring the wake-up signal. The method 1000 comprises determining 1020, by the wireless device 1800, a codepoint for detection of the wake-up signal from a set of candidate codepoints, the codepoint linked to the wireless device 1800. The method 1000 comprises determining 1030, by the wireless device 1800, a pattern of one or more orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, OFDM, sequences associated with the codepoint, wherein a sequence of the one or more OFDM sequences is mapped to at least one symbol of the set of symbols, a sequence of the one or more OFDM sequences belongs to a candidate set of OFDM sequences and a number of candidate OFDM sequences in the set ofcandidate OFDM sequences is smaller than or equal to the number of candidate codepoints in the set of candidate codepoints. The method 1000 comprises detecting 1040, by the wireless device 1800, that the codepoint is indicated by the wake-up signal based on the determined pattern. The method 1000 further comprises performing 1050, by the wireless device 1800, monitoring of a downlink control channel in response to detecting that the codepoint is indicated by the wake-up signal.

[0104] In some embodiments, the pattern of one or more OFDM sequences comprises an ordering or arrangement of the one or more OFDM sequence.

[0105] Figure 11 shows a flowchart of a process 1030 for determining the pattern of the one or more OFDM sequences in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 11, the process 1030 comprises determining 1110, by the wireless device 1800, a codeword associated with a candidate codepoint among the set of candidate codepoints. The process 1030 comprises determining 1120, by the wireless device 1800, at least one subblock from the codeword based on a predefined order of reading bits from the codeword and a length of a subblock. The process 1030 comprises determining 1130, by the wireless device 1800, respective OFDM sequences corresponding to respective subblocks of the at least one subblock based on a mapping between an OFDM sequence and an arrangement of bits of a subblock. The process 1030 further comprises determining 1140, by the wireless device 1800, the pattern based on the determined respective OFDM sequences.

[0106] In some embodiments, the pattern is determined based on at least one of: a subgroup index of the wireless device 1800, the number of candidate codepoints in the set of candidate codepoints, and a number of symbols in the set of symbols.

[0107] In some embodiments, detecting 1040, by the wireless device 1800, that the codepoint is indicated by the wake up signal comprises: detecting, by the wireless device 1800, that the codepoint is indicated by the wake up signal based on detecting the one or more OFDM sequences associated with the codepoint according to the determined pattern of the one or more OFDM sequences.

[0108] In some embodiments, the wireless device 1800 comprises a first receiver for detecting the wake-up signal and a second receiver for detecting signals other than the wakeup signal and wherein the first receiver operates with lower active power than the second receiver.

[0109] Figure 12 shows a flowchart of a process 1200 for monitoring the wake-up signal in additional symbols in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 12, the process 1200 comprises determining 1210, by the wireless device 1800,a set of additional symbols for monitoring the wake-up signal. The process 1200 comprises monitoring 1220, by the wireless device 1800, the wake-up signal based on a pattern of one or more OFDM sequence in at least one additional symbol of the set of additional symbols, wherein a OFDM sequence of the one or more OFDM sequence is mapped to the at least one additional symbol.

[0110] In some embodiments, the process 1200 further comprises monitoring 1215, by the wireless device 1800, the wake-up signal in a monitoring occasion, wherein the set of symbols and the set of additional symbols are in a same monitoring occasion.[OHl] In some embodiments, the set of symbols comprises OFDM symbols or on-off keying, OOK, symbols.

[0112] In some embodiments, the at least one symbol of the set of symbols comprises OOK ON symbols.

[0113] In some embodiments, the codepoint is determined based on a subgroup index associated with the wireless device 1800 and the subgroup index is used by wireless device 1800 for a paging related procedure in a radio resource control, RRC, idle or inactive mode.

[0114] In some embodiments, the codepoint is determined based on a RRC parameter configured for the wireless device 1800 and the RRC parameter is used by the wireless device for detecting the wake-up signal in a RRC connected mode.

[0115] In some embodiments, the set of candidate OFDM sequences is predefined, or determined based on information received from a network node.

[0116] In some embodiments, the set of candidate codepoints is determined based on a number of subgroups configured for communicating with the network node.

[0117] In some embodiments, a candidate codepoint of the set of candidate codepoints is indicated based on the number of candidate OFDM sequences in the set of candidate OFDM sequences.

[0118] Reference is made back to Figure 10, in some embodiments, detecting 1040 that the codepoint is indicated by the wake-up signal comprises detecting 1042, by the wireless device 1800, respective OFDM sequences on respective symbols of the at least one symbol. Detecting 1040 that the codepoint is indicated by the wake-up signal further comprises detecting 1044, by the wireless device 1800, that the codepoint is indicated by the wake-up signal based on a pattern of the detected OFDM sequences and a predetermined repetition factor.

[0119] Figure 13 shows a flowchart of a method 1300 implemented at a network node for transmitting a wake-up signal to a wireless device in accordance with some embodiments ofthe present disclosure. The method 1300 may be performed by a network node 1900 (as described later with reference to Figure 19).

[0120] As shown in Figure 13, the method 1300 comprises determining 1310, by the network node 1900, a set of symbols for transmitting the wake-up signal. The method 1300 comprises determining 1320, by the network node 1900, a codepoint for detection of the wakeup signal from a set of candidate codepoints, the codepoint linked to the wireless device. The method 1300 comprises determining 1330, by the network node 1900, a pattern of one or more orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, OFDM, sequences associated with the codepoint, wherein a sequence of the one or more OFDM sequences is mapped to at least one symbol of the set of symbols, a sequence of the one or more OFDM sequences belongs to a set of candidate OFDM sequences and a number of candidate OFDM sequences in the set of candidate OFDM sequences is smaller than or equal to a number of candidate codepoints in the set of candidate codepoints. The method 1300 further comprises transmitting 1340, by the network node 1900, the wake-up signal based on the pattern to the wireless device 1800.

[0121] In some embodiments, the method 1300 further comprises transmitting 1350, by the network node 1900, a paging indication on a downlink control channel to the wireless device 1800.

[0122] In some embodiments, the pattern of one or more OFDM sequence comprises an ordering or arrangement of the one or more OFDM sequence..

[0123] Figure 14 shows a flowchart of a process 1330 for determining the pattern of one or more OFDM sequences in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 14, the process 1330 comprises determining 1410, by the network node 1900, a codeword associated with a candidate codepoint among the set of candidate codepoints. The process 1330 comprises determining 1420, by the network node 1900, at least one subblock from the codeword based on a predefined order of reading bits from the codeword and a length of a subblock. The process 1330 comprises determining 1430, by the network node 1900, respective OFDM sequences corresponding to respective subblocks of the at least one subblock based on a mapping between an OFDM sequence and an arrangement of bits of a subblock. The process 1330 further comprises determining 1440, by the network node 1900, the pattern based on the determined respective OFDM sequences.

[0124] In some embodiments, the pattern is determined based on at least one of: a subgroup index of the wireless device 1800, the number of candidate codepoints in the set of candidate codepoints, and a number of symbols in the set of symbols.

[0125] Figure 15 shows a flowchart of a process 1500 for transmitting the wake-up signal in additional symbols in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 15, the process 1500 comprises determining 1510, by the network node 1900, a set of additional symbols for transmitting the wake-up signal. The process 1500 comprises transmitting 1520, by the network node 1900, the wake-up signal based on a pattern of one or more OFDM sequences in at least one additional symbol of the set of additional symbols, wherein a OFDM sequence of the one or more OFDM sequences is mapped to the at least one additional symbol.

[0126] In some embodiments, the process 1500 further comprises transmitting 1530, by the network node 1900, the wake-up signal in a monitoring occasion, wherein the set of symbols and the set of additional symbols are in a same monitoring occasion.

[0127] In some embodiments, the set of symbols comprises OFDM symbols or on-off keying, OOK, symbols.

[0128] In some embodiments, the at least one symbol of the set of symbols comprises OOK ON symbols.

[0129] In some embodiments, the codepoint is determined based on a subgroup index associated with the wireless device and the subgroup index is used by wireless device for a paging related procedure in a radio resource control, RRC, idle or inactive mode.

[0130] In some embodiments, the codepoint is determined based on a RRC parameter configured for the wireless device and the RRC parameter is used by the wireless device for detecting the wake-up signal in a RRC connected mode.

[0131] In some embodiments, the set of candidate OFDM sequences is predefined, or determined based on information received from a network node.

[0132] In some embodiments, the set of candidate codepoints is determined based on a number of subgroups configured for communicating with the network node 1900.

[0133] In some embodiments, a candidate codepoint of the set of candidate codepoints is indicated based on the number of the set of candidate OFDM sequences.

[0134] Reference is made back to Figure 13, in some embodiments, transmitting 1340 the wake-up signal comprises determining 1341, by the network node 1900, a number of the at least one symbol based on the number of candidate codepoints in the set of candidate codepoints and the number of candidate OFDM sequences in the set of candidate OFDM sequences. Transmitting 1340 the wake-up signal comprises determining 1342, by the network node 1900, the one or more OFDM sequences based on bits associated with the codepoint. Transmitting 1340 the wake-up signal comprises transmitting 1343, by the network node 1900,the wake-up signal based on the number of the at least one symbol and the one or more OFDM sequences.

[0135] A repetition factor may be used in transmitting the wake-up signal. In some embodiments, transmitting 1340 the wake-up signal comprises determining 1346, by the network node 1900, a number of the at least one symbol based on the number of candidate codepoints in the set of candidate codepoints, the number of candidate OFDM sequences in the set of candidate OFDM sequences and a predetermined repetition factor. Transmitting 1340 the wake-up signal comprises determining 1347, by the network node 1900, the one or more OFDM sequences based on bits associated with the codepoint repeated by the repetition factor. Transmitting 1340 the wake-up signal comprises transmitting 1348, by the network node 1900, the wake-up signal based on the number of the at least one symbol and the one or more OFDM sequences.

[0136] Figure 16 shows an example of a communication system 1600 in accordance with some embodiments. In the example, the communication system 1600 includes a telecommunications network 1602 that includes an access network 1604, such as a radio access network (RAN), and a core network 1606, which includes one or more core network nodes 1608. The access network 1604 includes one or more access network nodes or base stations of various types, access network nodes 1610A and 1610B are depicted (which may be collectively referred to as network nodes 1610), or any other similar 3rdGeneration Partnership Project (3 GPP) access nodes or non-3GPP access points (APs). Some embodiments of the access network 1604 may include more than one access network technology. The network nodes 1610 of access network 1604 facilitate direct or indirect connection of wireless devices, also referred to as user equipment (UE), such as by connecting UE 1612A, 1612B, 1612C, and 1612D (one or more of which may be generally referred to as UEs 1612) to the core network 1606 over one or more wireless connections.

[0137] Moreover, a network node is not necessarily limited to an implementation in which a radio portion and a baseband portion are supplied and integrated by a single vendor. Thus, it will be understood that network nodes include disaggregated implementations or portions thereof. For example, in some embodiments, the telecommunications network 1602 includes one or more Open-RAN (ORAN) network nodes. An ORAN network node is a network node in the telecommunications network 1602 that supports an ORAN specification (e.g., a specification published by the O-RAN Alliance, or any similar organization) and may operate alone or together with other network nodes to implement one or more functionalities of anynetwork node in the telecommunications network 1602, including one or more access network nodes 1610 and / or core network nodes 1608.

[0138] Examples of an ORAN network node include an open radio unit (O-RU), an open distributed unit (O-DU), an open central unit (O-CU), including an O-CU control plane (O-CU-CP) or an O-CU user plane (O-CU-UP), a RAN intelligent controller (near-real time or non-real time) hosting software or software plug-ins, such as a near-real time control application (e.g., xApp) or a non-real time control application (e.g., rApp), or any combination thereof (the adjective “open” designating support of an ORAN specification). An ORAN network node may support a specification by, for example, supporting an interface defined by the ORAN specification, such as an Al, Fl, Wl, El, E2, X2, Xn interface, an open fronthaul user plane interface, or an open fronthaul management plane interface. Moreover, an ORAN network node may be a logical node in a physical node. Furthermore, an ORAN network node may be implemented in a virtualization environment (described further below) in which one or more network functions are virtualized. For example, the virtualization environment may include an O-Cloud computing platform orchestrated by a Service Management and Orchestration Framework via an O-2 interface defined by the O-RAN Alliance or comparable technologies.

[0139] The network nodes 1610 facilitate direct or indirect connection of one or more UEs 1612 to the core network 1606 over one or more wireless connections. Example wireless communications over a wireless connection include transmitting and / or receiving wireless signals using electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared waves, and / or other types of signals suitable for conveying information without the use of wires, cables, or other material conductors. Moreover, in different embodiments, the communication system 1600 may include any number of wired or wireless networks, network nodes, UEs, and / or any other components or systems that may facilitate or participate in the communication of data and / or signals whether via wired or wireless connections. The communication system 1600 may include and / or interface with any type of communication, telecommunication, data, cellular, radio network, and / or other similar type of system.

[0140] The UEs 1612 may be any of a wide variety of communication devices, including wireless devices arranged, configured, and / or operable to communicate wirelessly with the network nodes 1610 and other communication devices. Similarly, the network nodes 1608, 1610 are arranged, capable, configured, and / or operable to communicate directly or indirectly (e.g., via other devices of telecommunications network 1602) with the UEs 1612 and / or with other network nodes or equipment in the telecommunications network 1602 to enable and / orprovide network access, such as wireless network access, and / or to perform other functions, such as administration in the telecommunications network 1602. More specifically, UEs 1612 may send messages, data, and / or other signals to network nodes 1608, 1610 or other elements of the telecommunications network 1602 by transmitting such signals to the relevant device directly without the signals passing through any intervening devices or by transmitting such signals to the relevant device indirectly through an intervening device (or multiple intervening devices) that then transmit the signal to the relevant device. Similarly, network nodes 1608, 1610 may send messages, data, and other signals to UEs 16122, other network nodes 1608, 1610, and other devices in telecommunications network 1602 directly or indirectly. As one specific example, a core network node 108 may transmit a particular message to a UE 1612 by transmitting the message to an access network node 1610 that will then transmit the message to the intended UE 1612. Similarly, a core network node 108 may receive a particular message from aUE 1612 by receiving the message from an access network node 1610 that itself received the message from the UE 1612.

[0141] In the depicted example, the core network 1606 connects elements of the access network 1604 (e.g., one or more of the network nodes 1610) to one or more host computing systems, such as host 1616. These connections may be direct or indirect via one or more intermediary networks or devices. In other examples, network nodes may be directly coupled to hosts. The core network 1606 includes one or more core network nodes (e.g., core network node 1608) of various types, one or more of which may be generally referred to as network nodes 1608. Network nodes 1608 are structured with hardware and software components. Features of these components may be substantially similar to those described with respect to the UEs, access network nodes, and / or hosts, such that the descriptions thereof are generally applicable to the corresponding components of the core network node 1608. Example core network nodes provide functions of one or more of a Mobile Switching Center (MSC), Mobility Management Entity (MME), Home Subscriber Server (HSS), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), Authentication Server Function (AUSF), Subscription Identifier De-concealing function (SIDF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Security Edge Protection Proxy (SEPP), Network Exposure Function (NEF), and / or a User Plane Function (UPF).

[0142] The host 1616 may be under the ownership or control of a service provider other than an operator or provider of the access network 1604 and / or the telecommunications network 1602. The host 1616 may be operated by the service provider or on behalf of the service provider. The host 1616 may host a variety of applications to provide one or moreservices. Examples of such applications include live and pre-recorded audio / video content, data collection services such as retrieving and compiling data on various ambient conditions detected by a plurality of UEs, analytics functionality, social media, functions for controlling or otherwise interacting with remote devices, functions for an alarm and surveillance center, or any other such function performed by a server.

[0143] As a whole, the communication system 1600 of Figure 16 enables connectivity between the UEs, network nodes, and hosts. In that sense, the communication system 1600 may be configured to operate according to predefined rules or procedures, such as specific standards that include, but are not limited to: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM); Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Long Term Evolution (LTE), and / or other suitable 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G standards, or any applicable future generation standard (e.g., 6G); wireless local area network (WLAN) standards, such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards (Wi-Fi); and / or any other appropriate wireless communication standard, such as the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (Wi-Max), Bluetooth, Z-Wave, Near Field Communication (NFC) ZigBee, Li-Fi, and / or any low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) standards such as LoRa and Sigfox. Moreover, the communication system 1600 may be configured to support multiple different standards, protocols, or other rule sets, with individual components supporting all of the relevant rule sets or with different components or sub-systems within the communication system 1600 supporting different standards, protocols, or rule sets.

[0144] As one example, in certain embodiments, access network 1604 may contain some access network nodes 1610 that support 3 GPP radio access technologies (RAT), such as LTE or NR, while other access network nodes 1610 support (or the same access network nodes 1610 additionally support) non-3GPP RATs, such as Wi-Fi or a proprietary RAT. As another example, telecommunications network 1602 may support multiple generations of related communication standards (e.g., 4G and 5G 3GPP communication standards) and, as a result, may include an access network 104 and / or a core network 106 that supports multiple different standard generations or may include multiple access networks 104 and / or multiple core networks 106 with individual networks 104, 106 supporting different standard generations.

[0145] Telecommunications network 1602 may support network slicing to provide different logical networks to different devices that are connected to the telecommunications network 1602. For example, the telecommunications network 1602 may provide Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) services to some UEs, while providing EnhancedMobile Broadband (eMBB) services to other UEs, and / or Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) / Massive loT services to yet further UEs.

[0146] In some examples, one or more of the UEs 1612 are configured to transmit and / or receive information without direct human interaction. For instance, a UE may be designed to transmit information to the access network 1604 on a predetermined schedule, when triggered by an internal or external event, or in response to requests from the access network 1604. Additionally, a UE may be configured for operating in single- or multi-RAT or multi -standard mode. For example, a UE may operate with any one or combination of Wi-Fi, NR (New Radio) and LTE, i.e. being configured for multi-radio dual connectivity (MR-DC), such as E-UTRAN (Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) New Radio - Dual Connectivity (EN-DC).

[0147] In the example, the hub 1614 communicates with the access network 1604 to facilitate indirect communication between one or more UEs (e.g., UE 1612C and / or 1612D) and network nodes (e.g., network node 1610B). In some examples, the hub 1614 may be a controller, router, content source and analytics, or any of the other communication devices described herein regarding UEs. For example, the hub 1614 may be a broadband router enabling access to the core network 1606 for the UEs. As another example, the hub 1614 may be a controller that sends commands or instructions to one or more actuators in the UEs. Commands or instructions may be received from the UEs, network nodes 1610, or by executable code, script, process, or other instructions in the hub 1614.

[0148] As another example, the hub 1614 may be a data collector that acts as temporary storage for UE data and, in some embodiments, may perform analysis or other processing of the data. As another example, the hub 1614 may be a content source. For example, for a UE that is a VR headset, display, loudspeaker or other media delivery device, the hub 1614 may retrieve VR assets, video, audio, or other media or data related to sensory information via a network node, which the hub 1614 then provides to the UE either directly, after performing local processing, and / or after adding additional local content. In still another example, the hub 1614 acts as a proxy server or orchestrator for the UEs, in particular if one or more of the UEs are low energy loT devices.

[0149] The hub 1614 may have a constant / persistent or intermittent connection to the network node 1610B. The hub 1614 may also allow for a different communication scheme and / or schedule between the hub 1614 and UEs (e.g., UE 1612C and / or 1612D), and between the hub 1614 and the core network 1606. In other examples, the hub 1614 is connected to the core network 1606 and / or one or more UEs via a wired connection. Moreover, the hub 1614 may be configured to connect to an M2M service provider over the access network 1604 and / orto another UE over a direct connection. In some scenarios, UEs may establish a wireless connection with the network nodes 1610 while still connected via the hub 1614 via a wired or wireless connection. In some embodiments, the hub 1614 may be a dedicated hub - that is, a hub whose primary function is to route communications to / from the UEs from / to the network node 1610B. In other embodiments, the hub 1614 may be a non-dedicated hub - that is, a device which is capable of operating to route communications between the UEs and network node 1610B, but which is additionally capable of operating as a communication start and / or end point for certain data channels.

[0150] Figure 17 is another example of a communication system 1700 according to some embodiments. As used herein, the communication system 1700 includes multiple access points (APs) 1710 (with four exemplary APs 1710A, 1710B, 1710C, and 1710D being depicted) and multiple wireless devices, referred to in the context of communication system 1700 as stations (STAs) 1712 (referred to individually as STA 1712A, STA 1712B, STA 1712C, STA 1712D, and STA 1712E). STA 1712Ais served by AP 1710Ain a first basic service set(BSS) 1720A. STA 1710B and STA 1710C are served by AP 1710B in a second BSS, BSS 1720B. STA 1712D is served by AP 1710C in a third BSS, BSS 1720C. STA 1712E is served by AP 1710D in a fourth BSS, BSS 1720D. Stations 1712 may be non-AP STAs and correspond to various kinds of wireless devices, for example, user terminals, such as mobile or stationary computing devices like smartphones, laptop computers, desktop computers, tablet computers, gaming devices, head-mounted displays (HMDs) for Augmented Reality (AR) or Virtual Reality (VR), or the like. Further, stations 1712 could, for example, correspond to other kinds of equipment like smart home devices, printers, multimedia devices, data storage devices, or the like.

[0151] Each of STAs 1712 may connect through a radio link to one of APs 1710. For example, depending on location or channel conditions experienced by a given STA 1712, the STA may select an appropriate AP and BSS for establishing the radio link. The radio link may be based on one or more orthogonal frequency -division multiplexing (OFDM) carriers from a frequency spectrum that is shared on the basis of a contention-based mechanism, e.g., an unlicensed or license exempt band like 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band, the 5 GHz band, the 6 GHz band, or the 60 GHz band.

[0152] Each AP 1710 may provide data connectivity to STAs 1712 connected to a particular AP 1710. As illustrated, APs 1710 may be connected to a data network 1730. In this way, APs 1710 may also provide data connectivity between STAs 1712 and other entities, e.g., to one or more servers, service providers, data sources, data sinks, user terminals, or the like. Accordingly, the radio link established between a given STA 1712 and its serving AP 1710may be used for providing various kinds of services to STA 1712, e.g., a voice service, a multimedia service, or other data service. Such services may be based on applications that are executed on STA 1712 and / or on a device linked to STA 1712. By way of example, Figure 17 illustrates an application service platform 1732 provided in data network 1730. The application(s) executed on STA 1712 and / or on one or more other devices linked to STA 1712 may use the radio link for data communication with one or more other STA 1712 and / or the application service platform 1732, thereby enabling utilization of the corresponding service(s) at STA 1712.

[0153] Figure 18 shows a wireless device 1800, which may be configured to operate in communication system 1600 of Figure 16 or in communication system 1700 of Figure 170. The wireless device 1800 may be alternatively referred to as a UE 1800, like a UE 1612 within the context of communication system 1600, or as a station (STA) 1800 or as a non-access-point station (non-AP STA) 1800, like a STA 1712 within the context of the communication system 1700, in accordance with respective embodiments. As used herein, a wireless device refers to a device capable, configured, arranged and / or operable to communicate wirelessly with network nodes and / or other wireless devices. Examples of a wireless device include, but are not limited to, a smart phone, mobile phone, cell phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phone, wireless local loop phone, desktop computer, personal digital assistant (PDA), wireless cameras, gaming console or device, music storage device, playback appliance, wearable terminal device, wireless endpoint, mobile station, tablet, laptop, laptop -embedded equipment (LEE), laptopmounted equipment (LME), smart device, wireless customer-premise equipment (CPE), vehicle, vehicle-mounted or vehicle embedded / integrated wireless device, and wireless terminal. Other examples include any type of UE identified by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), including a narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT) UE, a machine type communication (MTC) UE, and / or an enhanced MTC (eMTC) UE.

[0154] A wireless device 1800 may support device-to-device (D2D) communication, for example by implementing a 3 GPP standard for sidelink communication, Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), or vehicle-to-everything (V2X). In other examples, wireless device 1800 may not necessarily have a user in the sense of a human user who owns and / or operates the relevant device. Instead, wireless device 1800 may represent a device that is intended for sale to, or operation by, a human user but which may not, or which may not initially, be associated with a specific human user (e.g., a smart sprinkler controller). Alternatively, wireless device 1800 may represent adevice that is not intended for sale to, or operation by, an end user but which may be associated with or operated for the benefit of a user (e.g., a smart power meter).

[0155] In particular embodiments, wireless device 1800 includes processing circuitry 1802 that is operatively coupled via a bus 1804 to an input / output interface 1806, a power source 1808, a memory 1810, a communication interface 1812, and / or any other component, or any combination thereof. Certain embodiments of wireless device 1800 may include all or a subset of the components shown in Figure 18. The level of integration between the components may vary from one embodiment of wireless device 1800 to another. In general, in a particular embodiment of wireless device 1800, processing circuitry 1802, input / output interface 1806, power source 1808, memory 1810, and communication interface 1812 may, in whole or in part, represent or include physical components common to or shared by one or more of the other elements of wireless device 1800. Further, certain embodiments of wireless devices 1800 may contain multiple instances of a component, such as multiple processors, memories, transceivers, transmitters, receivers, etc.

[0156] The processing circuitry 1802 is configured to process instructions and data and may be configured to implement any sequential state machine operative to execute instructions stored as machine-readable computer programs in the memory 1810. The processing circuitry 1802 may be implemented as one or more hardware-implemented state machines (e.g., in discrete logic, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), etc.); programmable logic together with appropriate firmware; one or more stored computer programs, general -purpose processors, such as a microprocessor or digital signal processor (DSP), together with appropriate software; or any combination of the above. For example, the processing circuitry 1802 may include multiple central processing units (CPUs).

[0157] In the example, the input / output interface 1806 may be configured to provide an interface or interfaces to an input device, output device, or one or more input and / or output devices. Examples of an output device include a speaker, a sound card, a video card, a display, a monitor, a printer, an actuator, an emitter, a smartcard, another output device, or any combination thereof. An input device may allow a user to capture information into wireless device 1800. Examples of an input device include a touch-sensitive or presence-sensitive display, a camera (e.g., a digital camera, a digital video camera, a web camera, etc.), a microphone, a sensor, a mouse, a trackball, a directional pad, a trackpad, a scroll wheel, a smartcard, and the like. The presence-sensitive display may include a capacitive or resistive touch sensor to sense input from a user. A sensor may be, for instance, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a tilt sensor, a force sensor, a magnetometer, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor,a biometric sensor, etc., or any combination thereof. An output device may use the same type of interface port as an input device. For example, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port may be used to provide an input device and an output device.

[0158] In some embodiments, the power source 1808 is structured as a battery or battery pack. Other types of power sources, such as an external power source (e.g., an electricity outlet), photovoltaic device, or power cell, may be used to supply power to circuitry or to charge an associated battery. The power source 1808 may further include power circuitry for delivering power from the power source 1808 itself, and / or an external power source, to the various parts of wireless device 1800 via input circuitry or an interface such as an electrical power cable. Power source 1808 may perform any formatting, converting, or other modification to make accessible power suitable for the respective components of the wireless device 1800 to which power is supplied.

[0159] The memory 1810 may be or be configured to include memory such as random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), magnetic disks, optical disks, hard disks, removable cartridges, flash drives, and so forth. In one example, the memory 1810 includes one or more programs 1814, such as an operating system, web browser application, a widget, gadget engine, or other application, and corresponding data 1816. The memory 1810 may store, for use by wireless device 1800, any of a variety of various operating systems or combinations of operating systems.

[0160] The memory 1810 may be configured to include a number of physical drive units, such as redundant array of independent disks (RAID), flash memory, USB flash drive, external hard disk drive, thumb drive, pen drive, key drive, high-density digital versatile disc (HD-DVD) optical disc drive, internal hard disk drive, Blu-Ray optical disc drive, holographic digital data storage (HDDS) optical disc drive, external mini-dual in-line memory module (DIMM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), external micro-DIMM SDRAM, smartcard memory such as tamper resistant module in the form of a universal integrated circuit card (UICC) including one or more subscriber identity modules (SIMs), such as a USIM and / or ISIM, other memory, or any combination thereof. The UICC may for example be an embedded UICC (eUICC), integrated UICC (iUICC) or a removable UICC commonly known as ‘ SIM card.’ The memory 1810 may allow wireless device 1800 to access instructions, programs and the like, stored on transitory or non-transitory memory media, to off-load data, or to upload data. An article of manufacture, such as one utilizing a communication system may be tangiblyembodied as or in the memory 1810, which may be or comprise a device-readable storage medium.

[0161] The processing circuitry 1802 may be configured to communicate with an access network or other network via or using the communication interface 1812. The communication interface 1812 may comprise one or more communication subsystems and may include or be communicatively coupled to an antenna 1822. The communication interface 1812 may include one or more transceivers used to communicate, such as by communicating with one or more remote transceivers of another device capable of wireless communication (e.g., another wireless device or a network node in an access network). Each transceiver may include a transmitter 1818 and / or a receiver 1820 appropriate to provide network communications (e.g., optical, electrical, frequency allocations, and so forth). Moreover, the transmitter 1818 and receiver 1820 may be coupled to one or more antennas (e.g., antenna 1822) and may share circuit components, software or firmware, or alternatively be implemented separately.

[0162] In the illustrated embodiment, communication functions of the communication interface 1812 may include cellular communication, Wi-Fi communication (e.g., according to an IEEE 802.11 family standard), LPWAN communication, data communication, voice communication, multimedia communication, short-range communications such as Bluetooth, near-field communication, location-based communication such as the use of the global positioning system (GPS) to determine a location, another like communication function, or any combination thereof. Communications may be implemented according to one or more communication protocols and / or standards, such as IEEE 802.11, Code Division Multiplexing Access (CDMA), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), GSM, LTE, New Radio (NR), UMTS, WiMax, Ethernet, transmission control protocol / intemet protocol (TCP / IP), synchronous optical networking (SONET), Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), QUIC, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), and so forth.

[0163] In particular embodiments, wireless device 1800 may provide an output of data captured via a sensor, through its communication interface 1812, via a wireless connection to a network node, and / or in any appropriate manner. Data captured by sensors of a wireless device 1800 can be communicated through a wireless connection to a network node via another wireless device 1800. In particular embodiments, such output may be periodic (e.g., once every 15 minutes if it reports the sensed temperature), random (e.g., to even out the load from reporting from several sensors), in response to a triggering event (e.g., when moisture is detected an alert is sent), in response to a request (e.g., a user initiated request), or a continuous stream (e.g., a live video feed of a patient).

[0164] As another example, wireless device 1800 comprises an actuator, a motor, or a switch, related to a communication interface configured to receive wireless input from a network node via a wireless connection. In response to the received wireless input the states of the actuator, the motor, or the switch may change. For example, wireless device 1800 may comprise a motor that adjusts the control surfaces or rotors of a drone in flight according to the received input or to a robotic arm performing a medical procedure according to the received input.

[0165] Wireless device 1800, when in the form of an Internet of Things (loT) device, may be a device for use in one or more application domains, these domains comprising, but not limited to, wearable technology, extended industrial application and healthcare. Non-limiting examples of such an loT device are a device which is or which is embedded in: a connected refrigerator or freezer, a TV, a connected lighting device, an electricity meter, a robot vacuum cleaner, a voice controlled smart speaker, a home security camera, a motion detector, a thermostat, a smoke detector, a door / window sensor, a flood / moisture sensor, an electrical door lock, a connected doorbell, an air conditioning system like a heat pump, an autonomous vehicle, a surveillance system, a weather monitoring device, a vehicle parking monitoring device, an electric vehicle charging station, a smart watch, a fitness tracker, a wearable for tactile augmentation or sensory enhancement, a water sprinkler, an animal- or item-tracking device, a sensor for monitoring a plant or animal, an industrial robot, an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), and any kind of medical device, like a heart rate monitor or a remote controlled surgical robot. In particular embodiments, wireless device 1800 represents an loT device that comprises circuitry and / or software in dependence of the intended application of the loT device in addition to other components as described in relation to the example embodiment of wireless device 1800 shown in Figure 18.

[0166] As yet another specific example, in an loT scenario, wireless device 1800 may represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and / or measurements, and transmits the results of such monitoring and / or measurements to another wireless device and / or a network node. Wireless device 1800 may in this case be an M2M device, which may in a 3 GPP context be referred to as an MTC device. As one particular example, wireless device 1800 may implement the 3GPP NB-IoT standard. In other scenarios, wireless device 1800 may represent a vehicle, such as a car, a bus, a truck, a ship and an airplane, or other equipment that is capable of monitoring and / or reporting on its operational status or other functions associated with its operation.

[0167] In practice, any number of wireless devices 1800 may be used together with respect to a single use case. For example, a first wireless device 1800 might be or be integrated in a drone and provide the drone’s speed information (obtained through a speed sensor) to a second wireless device 1800 that is a remote controller operating the drone. When a user makes changes from the remote controller, the first wireless device 1800 may adjust the throttle on the drone (e.g. by controlling an actuator) to increase or decrease the drone’s speed. The first and / or the second wireless device 1800 can also include more than one of the functionalities described above. For example, wireless device 1800 might comprise the sensor and the actuator, and handle communication of data for both the speed sensor and the actuators.

[0168] Figure 19 shows a network node 1900 in accordance with some embodiments. As used herein, network node refers to equipment capable, configured, arranged and / or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with a UE and / or with other network nodes or equipment, in a telecommunications network. In accordance with respective embodiments, network node 1900 may be configured to operate in communication system 1600 of Figure 16, like network nodes 1608 or 1610, or in communication system 1700 of Figure 17, like an AP 1710 or a station 1712. Examples of network nodes include, but are not limited to, access points (APs) (e.g., radio access points), base stations (BSs) (e.g., radio base stations, NodeBs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs) and NR NodeBs (gNBs)), 0-RAN nodes or components of an 0-RAN node (e.g., 0-RU, 0-DU, O-CU).

[0169] Network nodes 1900 may be categorized based on the amount of coverage they provide (or, stated differently, their transmit power level) and so, depending on the provided amount of coverage, may be referred to as femto base stations, pico base stations, micro base stations, or macro base stations. Network node 1900 may be a relay node or a relay donor node controlling a relay. Network nodes 1900 may also include one or more (or all) parts of a distributed radio base station such as centralized digital units, distributed units (e.g., in an O-RAN access node) and / or remote radio units (RRUs), sometimes referred to as Remote Radio Heads (RRHs). Such remote radio units may or may not be integrated with an antenna as an antenna integrated radio. Parts of a distributed radio base station may also be referred to as nodes in a distributed antenna system (DAS).

[0170] Other examples of network nodes 1900 include multiple transmission point (multi- TRP) 5G access nodes, multi -standard radio (MSR) equipment such as MSR BSs, network controllers such as radio network controllers (RNCs) or base station controllers (BSCs), base transceiver stations (BTSs), transmission points, transmission nodes, multi-cell / multicast coordination entities (MCEs), Operation and Maintenance (O&M) nodes, Operations SupportSystem (OSS) nodes, Self-Organizing Network (SON) nodes, positioning nodes (e.g., Evolved Serving Mobile Location Centers (E-SMLCs)), and / or Minimization of Drive Tests (MDTs).

[0171] In particular embodiments, network node 1900 includes a processing circuitry 1902, a memory 1904, a communication interface 1906, and a power source 1908. In general, in a particular embodiment of network node 1900, processing circuitry 1902, memory 1904, communication interface 1906, and power source 1908 may, in whole or in part, represent or include physical components common to or shared by one or more of the other elements of network node 1900.

[0172] The network node 1900 may be composed of multiple distinct network entities (e.g., a NodeB entity and a RNC entity, or a BTS entity and a BSC entity, etc.), which may each have or utilize their own respective physical components. In certain scenarios in which the network node 1900 comprises multiple such entities (e.g., BTS and BSC), one or more of the separate entities may be shared among several network nodes. For example, a single RNC may control multiple NodeB s. In such a scenario, each unique NodeB and RNC pair, may in some instances be considered a single separate network node. In some embodiments, the network node 1900 may be configured to support multiple radio access technologies (RATs). In such embodiments, some components may be duplicated (e.g., separate memories 1904 or portions of memory 1904 for different RATs) and some components may be reused (e.g., a same antenna 1910 may be shared by different RATs). The network node 1900 may also include multiple sets of the various illustrated components for different wireless technologies integrated into network node 1900, for example GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, Wi-Fi (e.g., according to an IEEE 802.11 family standard), Zigbee, Z-wave, LoRaWAN, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) or Bluetooth wireless technologies. These wireless technologies may be integrated into the same or different chip or set of chips and other components within network node 1900.

[0173] The processing circuitry 1902 may comprise a combination of one or more of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software and / or encoded logic operable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other components, such as the memory 1904, to provide network node 1900 functionality.

[0174] In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 1902 includes a system on a chip (SOC). In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 1902 includes one or more of radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 1912 and baseband processing circuitry 1914. In some embodiments, the RF transceiver circuitry 1912 and the baseband processing circuitry 1914may be on separate chips (or sets of chips), boards, or units, such as radio units and digital units. In alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry 1912 and baseband processing circuitry 1914 may be on the same chip or set of chips, boards, or units.

[0175] The memory 1904 may comprise any form of volatile or non-volatile computer-readable memory including, without limitation, persistent storage, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), mass storage media (for example, a hard disk), removable storage media (for example, a flash drive, a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD)), and / or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device-readable and / or computerexecutable memory devices that store information, data, and / or instructions that may be used by the processing circuitry 1902. The memory 1904 may store any suitable instructions, data, or information, including a computer program, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, code, tables, and / or other instructions capable of being executed by the processing circuitry 1902 and utilized by the network node 1900. The memory 1904 may be used to store any calculations made by the processing circuitry 1902 and / or any data received via the communication interface 1906. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 1902 and memory 1904 is integrated.

[0176] The communication interface 1906 is used in wired or wireless communication of signaling and / or data with UEs, other network nodes, and / or any other network equipment. In the illustrated embodiment, communication interface 1906 comprises port(s) / terminal(s) 1916 to send and receive data, for example to and from a network over a wired connection. In particular embodiments, network node 1800 may be capable of wireless communication and communication interface 1906 may also include radio front-end circuitry 1918 that may be coupled to, or in certain embodiments a part of, an antenna 1910. Particular embodiments of radio front-end circuitry 1918 include filter(s) 1920 and amplifier(s) 1922. The radio front-end circuitry 1918 may be connected to an antenna 1910 and processing circuitry 1902. The radio front-end circuitry may be configured to condition signals communicated between antenna 1910 and processing circuitry 1902. The radio front-end circuitry 1918 may receive digital data that is to be sent out to other network nodes or UEs via a wireless connection. The radio frontend circuitry 1918 may convert the digital data into a radio signal(s) having the appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filters 1920 and / or amplifiers 1922. The radio signal(s) may then be transmitted via the antenna 1910. Similarly, when receiving data, the antenna 1910 may collect radio signals which are then converted into digital data by the radio front-end circuitry 1918. The digital data may be passed to the processing circuitry1902. In other embodiments, the communication interface may comprise different components and / or different combinations of components.

[0177] In certain alternative embodiments, network node 1900 may be capable of wireless communication but does not include separate radio front-end circuitry 1918, instead, the processing circuitry 1902 includes radio front-end circuitry and is connected to the antenna 1910. Similarly, in some embodiments, all or some of the RF transceiver circuitry 1912 is part of the communication interface 1906. In still other embodiments, the communication interface 1906 includes one or more ports or terminals 1916, the radio front-end circuitry 1918, and the RF transceiver circuitry 1912, as part of a radio unit (not shown), and the communication interface 1906 communicates with the baseband processing circuitry 1914, which is part of a digital unit (not shown).

[0178] The antenna 1910 may include one or more antennas, or antenna arrays, configured to send and / or receive wireless signals. The antenna 1910 may be coupled to the radio frontend circuitry 1918 and may be any type of antenna capable of transmitting and receiving data and / or signals wirelessly. In certain embodiments, the antenna 1910 is separate from the network node 1900 and connectable to the network node 1900 through one or more interfaces or ports.

[0179] The antenna 1910, communication interface 1906, and / or the processing circuitry 1902 may be configured to perform some or all of the receiving operations and / or obtaining operations described herein as being performed by the network node 1900. Any information, data and / or signals may be received from a UE, another network node and / or any other network equipment. Similarly, the antenna 1910, the communication interface 1906, and / or the processing circuitry 1902 may be configured to perform some or all of the transmitting or sending operations described herein as being performed by the network node 1900. Any information, data and / or signals may be transmitted to a UE, another network node and / or any other network equipment.

[0180] The power source 1908 provides power to the various components of network node 1900 in a form suitable for the respective components (e.g., at a voltage and current level needed for each respective component). The power source 1908 may further comprise, or be coupled to, power management circuitry to supply the components of the network node 1900 with power for performing the functionality described herein. For example, the network node 1900 may be connectable to an external power source (e.g., the power grid, an electricity outlet) via an input circuitry or interface such as an electrical cable, whereby the external power source supplies power to power circuitry of the power source 1908. As a further example, the powersource 1908 may comprise a source of power in the form of a battery or battery pack which is connected to, or integrated in, power circuitry. The battery may provide backup power should the external power source fail.

[0181] Embodiments of the network node 1900 may include additional components beyond those shown in Figure 19 for providing certain aspects of the network node’s functionality, including any of the functionality described herein and / or any functionality necessary to support the subject matter described herein. For example, the network node 1900 may include user interface equipment to allow input of information into the network node 1900 and to allow output of information from the network node 1900. This may allow a user to perform diagnostic, maintenance, repair, and other administrative functions for the network node 1900.

[0182] Figure 20 is a block diagram illustrating a virtualization environment 2000 in which functions implemented by some embodiments may be virtualized. In the present context, virtualizing means creating virtual versions of apparatuses or devices which may include virtualizing hardware platforms, storage devices and networking resources. As used herein, virtualization can be applied to any device described herein, or components thereof, and relates to an implementation in which at least a portion of the functionality is implemented as one or more virtual components. Some or all of the functions described herein may be implemented as virtual components executed by one or more virtual machines (VMs) implemented in one or more virtual environments 2000 hosted by one or more of hardware nodes, such as a hardware computing device that operates as an access network node, UE, core network node, or host. Further, in embodiments in which a virtual node does not require radio connectivity (e.g., a core network node or host), then the node may be entirely virtualized. In some embodiments, the virtualization environment 2000 includes components defined by the O-RAN Alliance, such as an O-Cloud environment orchestrated by a Service Management and Orchestration Framework via an O-2 interface.

[0183] Applications 2002 (which may alternatively be called software instances, virtual appliances, network functions, virtual nodes, virtual network functions, etc.) are run in the virtualization environment 2000 to implement some of the features, functions, and / or benefits of some of the embodiments disclosed herein.

[0184] Hardware 2004 includes processing circuitry, memory that stores software and / or instructions executable by hardware processing circuitry, and / or other hardware devices as described herein, such as a network interface, input / output interface, and so forth. Software may be executed by the processing circuitry to instantiate one or more virtualization layers2006 (also referred to as hypervisors or virtual machine monitors (VMMs)), provide VM 2008A and VM 2008B (which may be collectively referred to as VMs 2008), and / or perform any of the functions, features and / or benefits described in relation with some embodiments described herein. The virtualization layer 2006 may present a virtual operating platform that appears like networking hardware to one or more of the VMs 2008.

[0185] The VMs 2008 comprise virtual processing, virtual memory, virtual networking or interface and virtual storage, and may be run by virtualization layer 2006. Different embodiments of the instance of a virtual appliance 2002 may be implemented on one or more of VMs 2008, and the implementations may be made in different ways. Virtualization of the hardware is in some contexts referred to as network function virtualization (NFV). NFV may be used to consolidate many network equipment types onto industry standard high volume server hardware, physical switches, and physical storage, which can be located in data centers, and customer premise equipment.

[0186] In the context of NFV, each of the VMs 2008 may be a software implementation of a physical machine that runs programs as if they were executing on a physical, nonvirtualized machine. Each of the VMs 2008, and that part of hardware 2004 that executes that VM, be it hardware dedicated to that VM and / or hardware shared by that VM with others of the VMs, forms separate virtual network elements. Still in the context of NFV, a virtual network function is responsible for handling specific network functions that run in one or more of the VMs 2008 on top of the hardware 2004 and corresponds to an application 2002.

[0187] Hardware 2004 may be implemented in a standalone network node with generic or specific components. Hardware 2004 may implement some functions via virtualization. Alternatively, hardware 2004 may be part of a larger cluster of hardware (e.g. such as in a data center or CPE) where many hardware nodes work together and are managed via management and orchestration 2010, which, among others, oversees lifecycle management of applications 2002. In some embodiments, hardware 2004 is coupled to one or more radio units that each include one or more transmitters and one or more receivers that may be coupled to one or more antennas. Radio units may communicate directly with other hardware nodes via one or more appropriate network interfaces and may be used in combination with the virtual components to provide a virtual node with radio capabilities, such as a radio access node or a base station. In some embodiments, some signaling can be provided with the use of a control system 2012 which may alternatively be used for communication between hardware nodes and radio units.

[0188] Although the computing devices described herein (e.g., UEs, network nodes, hosts) may include the illustrated combination of hardware components, other embodiments maycomprise computing devices with different combinations of components. It is to be understood that these computing devices may comprise any suitable combination of hardware and / or software needed to perform the tasks, features, functions and methods disclosed herein. Determining, calculating, obtaining or similar operations described herein may be performed by processing circuitry, which may process information by, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored in the network node, and / or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or converted information, and as a result of said processing making a determination. Moreover, while components are depicted as single boxes located within a larger box, or nested within multiple boxes, in practice, computing devices may comprise multiple different physical components that make up a single illustrated component, and functionality may be partitioned between separate components. For example, a communication interface may be configured to include any of the components described herein, and / or the functionality of the components may be partitioned between the processing circuitry and the communication interface. In another example, non-computationally intensive functions of any of such components may be implemented in software or firmware and computationally intensive functions may be implemented in hardware.

[0189] In certain embodiments, some or all of the functionality described herein may be provided by processing circuitry executing instructions stored on in memory, which in certain embodiments may be a computer program product in the form of a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. In alternative embodiments, some or all of the functionality may be provided by the processing circuitry without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete device-readable storage medium, such as in a hard-wired manner. In any of those particular embodiments, whether executing instructions stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium or not, the processing circuitry can be configured to perform the described functionality. The benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to the processing circuitry alone or to other components of the computing device but are enjoyed by the computing device as a whole, and / or by end users and a wireless network generally.

[0190] As will be appreciated by one of skill in the art, the concepts described herein may be embodied as a method, data processing system, computer program product and / or computer storage media storing an executable computer program. Accordingly, the concepts described herein may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects all generally referred to herein as a “circuit” or “module.” Any process, step, action and / or functionality describedherein may be performed by, and / or associated to, a corresponding module, which may be implemented in software and / or firmware and / or hardware. Furthermore, the disclosure may take the form of a computer program product on a tangible computer usable storage medium having computer program code embodied in the medium that may be executed by a computer. Any suitable tangible computer readable medium may be utilized including hard disks, CD-ROMs, electronic storage devices, optical storage devices, or magnetic storage devices.

[0191] Some embodiments are described herein with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, systems and computer program products. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, may be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer (to thereby create a special purpose computer), special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions / acts specified in the flowchart and / or block diagram block or blocks.

[0192] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable memory or storage medium that may direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function / act specified in the flowchart and / or block diagram block or blocks.

[0193] The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions / acts specified in the flowchart and / or block diagram block or blocks.

[0194] It is to be understood that the functions / acts noted in the blocks may occur out of the order noted in the operational illustrations. For example, two blocks shown in succession may in fact be executed substantially concurrently or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality / acts involved. Although some of the diagrams include arrows on communication paths to show a primary direction of communication, it is to be understood that communication may occur in the opposite direction to the depicted arrows.

[0195] Computer program code for carrying out operations of the concepts described herein may be written in an object oriented programming language such as Python, Java® or C++. However, the computer program code for carrying out operations of the disclosure may also be written in conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language. The program code may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider).

[0196] Many different embodiments have been disclosed herein, in connection with the above description and the drawings. It will be understood that it would be unduly repetitious and obfuscating to literally describe and illustrate every combination and subcombination of these embodiments. Accordingly, all embodiments may be combined in any way and / or combination, and the present specification, including the drawings, shall be construed to constitute a complete written description of all combinations and subcombinations of the embodiments described herein, and of the manner and process of making and using them, and shall support claims to any such combination or subcombination.

[0197] Abbreviations that may be used in the preceding description include:Abbreviation ExplanationADC Analog to Digital ConvertorDMRS Demodulation reference signalDRX Discontinuous ReceptionID IdentityIFFT Inverse Fast Fourier TransformLNA Low-noise AmplifierMIB Master Information BlockOFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division MultiplexingOOK On-Off KeyingPAPR Peak-to-average power ratioPBCH Physical Broadcast ChannelPDCCH Physical Data Control ChannelPDSCH Physical Data Shared ChannelPSS Primary Synchronization SignalRSRP Reference Signal Received PowerRSRQ Reference Signal Received QualitySSB Synchronization Signal BlockSSS Secondary Synchronization SignalSINR Signal to noise plus interferenceTRS Tracking reference signalWUR Wake-up radio / receiverWUS Wake-up signal

[0198] It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein are not limited to what has been particularly shown and described herein above. In addition, unless mention was made above to the contrary, it should be noted that all of the accompanying drawings are not to scale. A variety of modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings.EMBODIMENTSGroup A Embodiments1. A method performed by a wireless device for receiving a wake-up signal from a network node, the method comprising:determining a codepoint from a set of N candidate codepoints, the determined codepoint being linked to the wireless device,determining information carried by the wake-up signal based on at least one OFDM sequence in at least one of a set of K symbols for monitoring of the wake-up signal, wherein the at least one OFDM sequence belongs to a set of Y candidate OFDM sequences, wherein Y is smaller than or equal to N,performing monitoring of a downlink control channel in response to the information carried by the wake-up signal indicating the determined codepoint.2. The method of any of the previous embodiments, wherein the information carried by the wake-up signal is determined based on a pattern of the at least one OFDM sequence.3. The method of any of the previous embodiments, wherein the set of candidate OFDM sequences is predefined, or determined based on information received from a network node.4. The method of any of the previous embodiments, wherein the codepoint is determinedfrom a paging subgroup index of the wireless device, and the pattern is determined based on one or more of the subgroup index, the value of N, and the value of K.5. The method of any of the previous embodiments, wherein the wireless device comprises a first receiver for detecting the wake-up signal and a second receiver for detecting other signals, wherein the first receiver operates with lower active power than the second receiver.6. The method of any of the previous embodiments, further comprising:providing user data; andforwarding the user data to a host via the transmission to the network node.Group B Embodiments7. A method performed by a network node for transmitting a wake-up signal to a wireless device, the method comprising:determining a codepoint from a set of N candidate codepoints, the determined codepoint being linked to the wireless device,determining information indicating the determined codepoint to be carried by the wakeup signal, based on at least one OFDM sequence in at least one of a set of K symbols in which a wireless device is to monitor the wake-up signal, wherein the at least one OFDM sequence belongs to a set of Y candidate OFDM sequences, wherein Y is smaller than or equal to N, transmitting the wake-up signal carrying the determined information and an associated downlink control channel to the wireless device.8. The method of the previous embodiment, wherein the information indicating the determined codepoint is determined based on a pattern of the at least one OFDM sequence.9. The method of any of embodiments 7-8, wherein the set of candidate OFDM sequences is predefined, or information indicating the set of candidate OFDM sequences is transmitted to the wireless device.10. The method of any of embodiments 7-9, wherein the codepoint is determined from a paging subgroup index of the wireless device, and the pattern is determined based on one or more of the subgroup index, the value of N, and the value of K.11. The method of any of embodiments 7-10, further comprising:obtaining user data; andforwarding the user data to a host or a user equipment.Group C Embodiments12. A wireless device for receiving a wake-up signal from a network node, comprising: processing circuitry configured to perform any of the operations of any of the Group A embodiments; anda power source configured to supply power to the processing circuitry.13. A network node for transmitting a wake-up signal to a wireless device, the network node comprising:processing circuitry configured to perform any of the operations of any of the Group B embodiments;a power source circuitry configured to supply power to the processing circuitry.14. A wireless device for receiving a wake-up signal from a network node, the wireless device comprising:one or more antennas;communication interface connected to the one or more antennas and to processing circuitry;the processing circuitry being configured to perform any of the operations of any of the Group A embodiments;an input interface connected to the processing circuitry and configured to allow input of information into the wireless device to be processed by the processing circuitry;an output interface connected to the processing circuitry and configured to output information from the wireless device that has been processed by the processing circuitry; and a power source connected to the processing circuitry and configured to supply power to the wireless device.REFERENCES[1] RP-222644, “Revised SID on Study on low-power Wake-up Signal and Receiver for NR”, RAN plenary #97e, Sept. 2022.[2] 3GPP TR 38.869, VO.4.0, “Study on low-power Wake-up Signal and Receiver for NR”, Aug. 2023.[3] RP-234056, New WID: Low-power wake-up signal and receiver for NR (LP WUS / WUR)[4] 3GPP A-IoT SID, https: / / www.3gpp.org / ftp / tsg_ran / TSG_RAN / TSGR_102 / Docs / RP-234058.zip [5] TR 38.848, V18.0.0, “Study on Ambient loT (Internet of Things) in RAN (Release 18)”[6] 3GPP TS 38.211, “NR; Physical channels and modulation”, version 17.0.0, 3GPP Technical specifications.[7] 3GPP TS 38.213, “NR; Physical layer procedures for control”, version 17.0.0, 3GPP Technical specifications.[8] 3GPP TS 38.331, “NR; Radio Resource Control (RRC); Protocol specification,” version 16.7.0, 3GPP Technical specifications.[9] 3GPP TS 38.104, “NR; Base Station (BS) radio transmission and reception”, version 17.5.0

Claims

ClaimsWhat is claimed is:

1. A method (1000) performed by a wireless device (1800) for receiving a wake-up signal from a network node (1900), the method (1000) comprising:determining (1010) a set of symbols for monitoring the wake-up signal; determining (1020) a codepoint for detection of the wake-up signal from a set of candidate codepoints, the codepoint linked to the wireless device (1800);determining (1030) a pattern of one or more orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, OFDM, sequences associated with the codepoint, wherein a sequence of the one or more OFDM sequences is mapped to at least one symbol of the set of symbols, a sequence of the one or more OFDM sequences belongs to a candidate set of OFDM sequences and a number of candidate OFDM sequences in the set of candidate OFDM sequences is smaller than or equal to the number of candidate codepoints in the set of candidate codepoints;detecting (1040) that the codepoint is indicated by the wake-up signal based on the determined pattern; andperforming (1050) monitoring of a downlink control channel in response to detecting that the codepoint is indicated by the wake-up signal.

2. The method (1000) of claim 1, wherein the pattern of one or more OFDM sequences comprises an ordering or arrangement of the one or more OFDM sequences.

3. The method (1000) of claim 1 or 2, wherein determining (1030) the pattern comprises:determining (1110) a codeword associated with a candidate codepoint among the set of candidate codepoints;determining (1120) at least one subblock from the codeword based on a predefined order of reading bits from the codeword and a length of a subblock;determining (1130) respective OFDM sequences corresponding to respective subblocks of the at least one subblock based on a mapping between an OFDM sequence and anarrangement of bits of a subblock; anddetermining (1140) the pattern based on the determined respective OFDM sequences.

4. The method (1000) of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the pattern is determined based on at least one of:a subgroup index of the wireless device (1800),the number of candidate codepoints in the set of candidate codepoints, anda number of symbols in the set of symbols.

5. The method (1000) of any of claims 1 to 4, detecting (1040) that the codepoint is indicated by the wake up signal comprises:detecting that the codepoint is indicated by the wake up signal based on detecting the one or more OFDM sequences associated with the codepoint according to the determined pattern of the one or more OFDM sequences.

6. The method (1000) of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the wireless device (1800) comprises a first receiver for detecting the wake-up signal and a second receiver for detecting signals other than the wake-up signal and wherein the first receiver operates with lower active power than the second receiver.

7. The method (1000) of any of claims 1 to 6, further comprising:determining (1210) a set of additional symbols for monitoring the wake-up signal; and monitoring (1220) the wake-up signal based on a pattern of one or more OFDM sequences in at least one additional symbol of the set of additional symbols, wherein a OFDM sequence of the one or more OFDM sequences is mapped to the at least one additional symbol.

8. The method (1000) of claim 7, further comprising:monitoring (1215) the wake-up signal in a monitoring occasion, wherein the set ofsymbols and the set of additional symbols are in a same monitoring occasion.

9. The method (1000) of any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the set of symbols comprises OFDM symbols or on-off keying, OOK, symbols.

10. The method (1000) of claim 9, wherein the at least one symbol of the set of symbols comprises OOK ON symbols.

11. The method (1000) of any of claims 1 to 10, wherein the codepoint is determined based on a subgroup index associated with the wireless device (1800) and the subgroup index is used by wireless device (1800) for a paging related procedure in a radio resource control, RRC, idle or inactive mode.

12. The method (1000) of any of claims 1 to 11, wherein the codepoint is determined based on a RRC parameter configured for the wireless device (1800) and the RRC parameter is used by the wireless device (1800) for detecting the wake-up signal in a RRC connected mode.

13. The method (1000) of any of claims 1 to 12, wherein the set of candidate OFDM sequences is predefined, or determined based on information received from the network node (1900).

14. The method (1000) of any of claims 1 to 13, wherein the set of candidate codepoints is determined based on a number of subgroups configured for communicating with the network node (1900).

15. The method (1000) of any of claims 1 to 14, wherein a candidate codepoint of the set of candidate codepoints is indicated based on the number of candidate OFDM sequences in the set of candidate OFDM sequences.

16. The method (1000) of any of claims 1 to 15, wherein detecting (1040) that the codepoint is indicated by the wake-up signal comprises:detecting (1042) respective OFDM sequences on respective symbols of the at least one symbol; anddetecting (1044) that the codepoint is indicated by the wake-up signal based on a pattern of the detected OFDM sequences and a predetermined repetition factor.

17. A method (1300) performed by a network node (1900) for transmitting a wake-up signal to a wireless device (1800), the method (1300) comprising:determining (1310) a set of symbols for transmitting the wake-up signal; determining (1320) a codepoint for detection of the wake-up signal from a set of candidate codepoints, the codepoint linked to the wireless device (1800);determining (1330) a pattern of one or more orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, OFDM, sequences associated with the codepoint, wherein a sequence of the one or more OFDM sequences is mapped to at least one symbol of the set of symbols, a sequence of the one or more OFDM sequences belongs to a set of candidate OFDM sequences and a number of candidate OFDM sequences in the set of candidate OFDM sequences is smaller than or equal to a number of candidate codepoints in the set of candidate codepoints; and transmitting (1340), to the wireless device (1800), the wake-up signal based on the pattern.

18. The method (1300) of claim 17, further comprising:transmitting (1350), to the wireless device, a paging indication on a downlink control channel.

19. The method (1300) of claim 17 or 18, wherein the pattern of one or more OFDM sequence comprises an ordering or arrangement of the one or more OFDM sequence.

20. The method (1300) of any of claims 17 to 19, wherein determining (1330) the pattern comprises:determining (1410) a codeword associated with a candidate codepoint among the set of candidate codepoints;determining (1420) at least one subblock from the codeword based on a predefined order of reading bits from the codeword and a length of a subblock;determining (1430) respective OFDM sequences corresponding to respective subblocks of the at least one subblock based on a mapping between an OFDM sequence and an arrangement of bits of a subblock; anddetermining (1440) the pattern based on the determined respective OFDM sequences.

21. The method (1300) of any of claims 17 to 20, wherein the pattern is determined based on at least one of:a subgroup index of the wireless device (1800),the number of candidate codepoints in the set of candidate codepoints, anda number of symbols in the set of symbols.

22. The method (1300) of any of claims 17 to 21, further comprising:determining (1510) a set of additional symbols for transmitting the wake-up signal; and transmitting (1520) the wake-up signal based on a pattern of one or more OFDM sequences in at least one additional symbol of the set of additional symbols, wherein a OFDM sequence of the one or more OFDM sequences is mapped to the at least one additional symbol.

23. The method (1300) of claim 22, further comprising:transmitting (1530) the wake-up signal in a monitoring occasion, wherein the set of symbols and the set of additional symbols are in a same monitoring occasion.

24. The method (1300) of any of claims 17 to 23, wherein the set of symbols comprisesOFDM symbols or on-off keying, OOK, symbols.

25. The method (1300) of claim 24, wherein the at least one symbol of the set of symbols comprises OOK ON symbols.

26. The method (1300) of any of claims 17 to 25, wherein the codepoint is determined based on a subgroup index associated with the wireless device (1800) and the subgroup index is used by wireless device (1800) for a paging related procedure in a radio resource control, RRC, idle or inactive mode.

27. The method (1300) of any of claims 17 to 26, wherein the codepoint is determined based on a RRC parameter configured for the wireless device (1800) and the RRC parameter is used by the wireless device (1800) for detecting the wake-up signal in a RRC connected mode.

28. The method (1300) of any of claims 17 to 27, wherein the set of candidate OFDM sequences is predefined, or determined based on information received from the network node (1900).

29. The method (1300) of any of claims 17 to 28, wherein the set of candidate codepoints is determined based on a number of subgroups configured for communicating with the network node (1900).

30. The method (1300) of any of claims 17 to 29, wherein a candidate codepoint of the set of candidate codepoints is indicated based on the number of candidate OFDM sequences in the set of candidate OFDM sequences.

31. The method (1300) of any of claims 17 to 30, wherein transmitting (1340) the wakeup signal comprises:determining (1341) a number of the at least one symbol based on the number of candidate codepoints in the set of candidate codepoints and the number of candidate OFDM sequences in the set of candidate OFDM sequences;determining (1342) the one or more OFDM sequences based on bits associated with the codepoint; andtransmitting (1343) the wake-up signal based on the number of the at least one symbol and the one or more OFDM sequences.

32. The method (1300) of any of claims 17 to 31, wherein transmitting (1340) the wakeup signal comprises:determining (1346) a number of the at least one symbol based on the number of candidate codepoints in the set of candidate codepoints, the number of candidate OFDM sequences in the set of candidate OFDM sequences and a predetermined repetition factor; determining (1347) the one or more OFDM sequences based on bits associated with the codepoint repeated by the repetition factor; andtransmitting (1348) the wake-up signal based on the number of the at least one symbol and the one or more OFDM sequences.

33. A wireless device (1800) comprising processing circuitry (1802) and at least one memory (1810) operatively associated with the processing circuitry (1802), wherein the processing circuitry (1802) is programmed to:determine (1010) a set of symbols for monitoring the wake-up signal;determine (1020) a codepoint for detection of the wake-up signal from a set of candidate codepoints, the codepoint linked to the wireless device (1800);determine (1030) a pattern of one or more orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, OFDM, sequences associated with the codepoint, wherein a sequence of the one or more OFDM sequences is mapped to at least one symbol of the set of symbols, a sequence of the one or more OFDM sequences belongs to a candidate set of OFDM sequences and a number of candidate OFDM sequences in the set of candidate OFDM sequences is smaller than orequal to the number of candidate codepoints in the set of candidate codepoints; detect (1040) that the codepoint is indicated by the wake-up signal based on the determined pattern; andperform (1050) monitoring of a downlink control channel in response to detecting that the codepoint is indicated by the wake-up signal.

34. The wireless device (1800) of claim 33, wherein the processing circuitry (1802) is programmed to perform the method (1000) of any of claims 2 to 16.

35. A network node (1900) comprising processing circuitry (1902) and at least one memory (1904) operatively associated with the processing circuitry (1902), wherein the processing circuitry (1902) is programmed to:determine (1310) a set of symbols for transmitting the wake-up signal;determine (1320) a codepoint for detection of the wake-up signal from a set of candidate codepoints, the codepoint linked to a wireless device (1800);determine (1330) a pattern of at least one or more orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, OFDM, sequences associated with the codepoint, wherein a sequence of the one or more OFDM sequences is mapped to at least one symbol of the set of symbols, a sequence of the one or more OFDM sequences belongs to a set of candidate OFDM sequences and a number of candidate OFDM sequences in the set of candidate OFDM sequences is smaller than or equal to a number of candidate codepoints in the set of candidate codepoints; andtransmit (1340), to the wireless device (1800), the wake-up signal based on the pattern.

36. The network node (1900) of claim 35, wherein the processing circuitry (1902) is programmed to perform the method of any of claims 18 to 32.

37. A computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by a processor (1802, 1902), cause the processor (1802, 1902) to perform the method (1000, 1300)of any one of claims 1 to 32.

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