Beam prediction load balancing

Abstract

A method comprises receiving, by a wireless device, one or more downlink messages indicating, for a channel state information (CSI) report configuration, a CSI report mode from among a first CSI report mode and a second CSI report mode. The first CSI report mode is for reporting measured radio link quality of one or more first reference signals (RSs), and the second CSI report mode is for reporting prediction of radio link quality of one or more RSs of one or more second RSs. The method further comprises transmitting a first CSI report based on the CSI report mode.

Description

Docket No.: 25-1008PCTTITLEBeam Prediction Load BalancingCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 753,559, filed February 4, 2025, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0002] Examples of several of the various embodiments of the present disclosure are described herein with reference to the drawings.

[0003] FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B illustrate example mobile communication networks in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented.

[0004] FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B respectively illustrate a New Radio (NR) user plane and control plane protocol stack.

[0005] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of services provided between protocol layers of the NR user plane protocol stack of FIG. 2A.

[0006] FIG. 4A illustrates an example downlink data flow through the NR user plane protocol stack of FIG.2A.

[0007] FIG. 4B illustrates an example format of a MAC subheader in a MAC PDU.

[0008] FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B respectively illustrate a mapping between logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels for the downlink and uplink.

[0009] FIG. 6 is an example diagram showing RRC state transitions of a UE.

[0010] FIG. 7 illustrates an example configuration of an NR frame into which OFDM symbols are grouped.

[0011] FIG. 8 illustrates an example configuration of a slot in the time and frequency domain for an NR carrier.

[0012] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of bandwidth adaptation using three configured BWPs for an NR carrier.

[0013] FIG. 10A illustrates three carrier aggregation configurations with two component carriers.

[0014] FIG. 10B illustrates an example of how aggregated cells may be configured into one or more PUCCH groups.

[0015] FIG. 11A illustrates an example of an SS / PBCH block structure and location.

[0016] FIG. 11B illustrates an example of CSI-RSs that are mapped in the time and frequency domains.

[0017] FIG. 12A and FIG. 12B respectively illustrate examples of three downlink and uplink beam management procedures.Docket No.: 25-1008PCT

[0018] FIG. 13A, FIG. 13B, and FIG. 13C respectively illustrate a four-step contention-based random access procedure, a two-step contention-free random access procedure, and another two-step random access procedure.

[0019] FIG. 14A illustrates an example of CORESET configurations for a bandwidth part.

[0020] FIG. 14B illustrates an example of a CCE-to-REG mapping for DCI transmission on a CORESET and PDCCH processing.

[0021] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a wireless device in communication with a base station.

[0022] FIG. 16A, FIG. 16B, FIG. 16C, and FIG. 16D illustrate example structures for uplink and downlink transmission.

[0023] FIGS. 17A-17C illustrate an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0024] FIGS. 18A and 18B illustrate an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 19 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 20 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 21 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure

[0028] FIG. 22 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 23 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 24 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG. 25 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure

[0032] FIG. 26 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0033] FIG. 27 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0034] FIGS. 28A-28C illustrate an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0035] FIGS. 29A and 29B illustrate an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure

[0036] FIG. 30 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0037] FIGS. 31 A-31 D illustrate an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0038] FIG. 32 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0039] FIG. 33 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure

[0040] FIG. 34 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.

[0041] FIG. 35 illustrates an aspect of an example embodiment according to the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] In the present disclosure, various embodiments are presented as examples of how the disclosed techniques may be implemented and / or how the disclosed techniques may be practiced in environments and scenarios. It will be apparent to persons skilled in the relevant art that various changes in form andDocket No.: 25-1008PCTdetail can be made therein without departing from the scope. In fact, after reading the description, it will be apparent to one skilled in the relevant art how to implement alternative embodiments. The present embodiments should not be limited by any of the described exemplary embodiments. The embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Limitations, features, and / or elements from the disclosed example embodiments may be combined to create further embodiments within the scope of the disclosure. Any figures which highlight the functionality and advantages, are presented for example purposes only. The disclosed architecture is sufficiently flexible and configurable, such that it may be utilized in ways other than that shown. For example, the actions listed in any flowchart may be re-ordered or only optionally used in some embodiments.

[0043] Embodiments may be configured to operate as needed. The disclosed mechanism may be performed when certain criteria are met, for example, in a wireless device, a base station, a radio environment, a network, a combination of the above, and / or the like. Example criteria may be based, at least in part, on for example, wireless device or network node configurations, traffic load, initial system set up, packet sizes, traffic characteristics, a combination of the above, and / or the like. When the one or more criteria are met, various example embodiments may be applied. Therefore, it may be possible to implement example embodiments that selectively implement disclosed protocols.

[0044] A base station may communicate with a mix of wireless devices. Wireless devices and / or base stations may support multiple technologies, and / or multiple releases of the same technology. Wireless devices may have some specific capability(ies) depending on wireless device category and / or capability(ies). When this disclosure refers to a base station communicating with a plurality of wireless devices, this disclosure may refer to a subset of the total wireless devices in a coverage area. This disclosure may refer to, for example, a plurality of wireless devices of a given LTE or 5G release with a given capability and in a given sector of the base station. The plurality of wireless devices in this disclosure may refer to a selected plurality of wireless devices, and / or a subset of total wireless devices in a coverage area which perform according to disclosed methods, and / or the like. There may be a plurality of base stations or a plurality of wireless devices in a coverage area that may not comply with the disclosed methods, for example, those wireless devices or base stations may perform based on older releases of LTE or 5G technology.

[0045] In this disclosure, "a” and “an” and similar phrases are to be interpreted as “at least one” and “one or more.” Similarly, any term that ends with the suffix “(s)” is to be interpreted as “at least one” and “one or more.” In this disclosure, the term “may” is to be interpreted as “may, for example.” In other words, the term “may” is indicative that the phrase following the term “may” is an example of one of a multitude of suitable possibilities that may, or may not, be employed by one or more of the various embodiments. The terms “comprises” and “consists of', as used herein, enumerate one or more components of the element beingDocket No.: 25-1008PCTdescribed. The term "comprises” is interchangeable with "includes” and does not exclude unenumerated components from being included in the element being described. By contrast, "consists of' provides a complete enumeration of the one or more components of the element being described. The term "based on”, as used herein, should be interpreted as "based at least in part on” rather than, for example, “based solely on”. The term “and / or” as used herein represents any possible combination of enumerated elements. For example, “A, B, and / or C” may represent A; B; C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C.

[0046] If A and B are sets and every element of A is an element of B, A is called a subset of B. In this specification, only non-empty sets and subsets are considered. For example, possible subsets of B = {celH , cell2} are: {celH }, {cell2}, and {celH , cell2}. The phrase “based on” (or equally “based at least on") is indicative that the phrase following the term "based on” is an example of one of a multitude of suitable possibilities that may, or may not, be employed to one or more of the various embodiments. The phrase “in response to" (or equally “in response at least to”) is indicative that the phrase following the phrase “in response to” is an example of one of a multitude of suitable possibilities that may, or may not, be employed to one or more of the various embodiments. The phrase “depending on” (or equally “depending at least to”) is indicative that the phrase following the phrase “depending on” is an example of one of a multitude of suitable possibilities that may, or may not, be employed to one or more of the various embodiments. The phrase “employing / using” (or equally “employing / using at least”) is indicative that the phrase following the phrase “employing / using” is an example of one of a multitude of suitable possibilities that may, or may not, be employed to one or more of the various embodiments.

[0047] The term configured may relate to the capacity of a device whether the device is in an operational or non-operational state. Configured may refer to specific settings in a device that affect or implement the operational characteristics of the device whether the device is in an operational or non-operational state. In other words, the hardware, software, firmware, registers, memory values, and / or the like may be “configured” within a device, whether the device is in an operational or nonoperational state, to provide the device with specific characteristics. Terms such as “a control message to cause in a device” may mean that a control message has parameters that may be used to configure specific characteristics or may be used to implement certain actions in the device, whether the device is in an operational or non-operational state.

[0048] In this disclosure, parameters (or equally called, fields, or Information elements: IBs) may comprise one or more information objects, and an information object may comprise one or more other objects. For example, if parameter (IE) N comprises parameter (IE) M, and parameter (IE) M comprises parameter (IE) K, and parameter (IE) K comprises parameter (information element) J. Then, for example, N comprises K, and N comprises J. In an example embodiment, when one or more messages comprise a plurality of parameters, it implies that a parameter in the plurality of parameters is in at least one of the one or more messages, but does not have to be in each of the one or more messages.Docket No.: 25-1008PCT

[0049] Many features presented are described as being optional through the use of "may” or the use of parentheses. For the sake of brevity and legibility, the present disclosure does not explicitly recite each and every permutation that may be obtained by choosing from the set of optional features. The present disclosure is to be interpreted as explicitly disclosing all such permutations. For example, a system described as having three optional features may be embodied in seven ways, namely with just one of the three possible features, with any two of the three possible features or with three of the three possible features.

[0050] Many of the elements described in the disclosed embodiments may be implemented as modules. A module is defined here as an element that performs a defined function and has a defined interface to other elements. The modules described in this disclosure may be implemented in hardware, software in combination with hardware, firmware, wetware (e.g., hardware with a biological element) or a combination thereof, which may be behaviorally equivalent. For example, modules may be implemented as a software routine written in a computer language configured to be executed by a hardware machine (such as C, C++, Fortran, Java, Basic, MATLAB or the like) or a modeling / simulation program such as Simulink, Stateflow, GNU Octave, or LabVIEWMathScript. It may be possible to implement modules using physical hardware that incorporates discrete or programmable analog, digital and / or quantum hardware. Examples of programmable hardware comprise: computers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs); field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs); and complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs). Computers, microcontrollers and microprocessors are programmed using languages such as assembly, C, C++ or the like. FPGAs, ASICs and CPLDs are often programmed using hardware description languages (HDL) such as VHSIC hardware description language (VHDL) or Verilog that configure connections between internal hardware modules with lesser functionality on a programmable device. The mentioned technologies are often used in combination to achieve the result of a functional module.

[0051] FIG. 1 A illustrates an example of a mobile communication network 100 in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. The mobile communication network 100 may be, for example, a public land mobile network (PLMN) run by a network operator. As illustrated in FIG. 1A, the mobile communication network 100 includes a core network (CN) 102, a radio access network (RAN) 104, and a wireless device 106.

[0052] The CN 102 may provide the wireless device 106 with an interface to one or more data networks (DNs), such as public DNs (e.g., the Internet), private DNs, and / or intra-operator DNs. As part of the interface functionality, the CN 102 may set up end-to-end connections between the wireless device 106 and the one or more DNs, authenticate the wireless device 106, and provide charging functionality.Docket No.: 25-1008PCT

[0053] The RAN 104 may connect the CN 102 to the wireless device 106 through radio communications over an air interface. As part of the radio communications, the RAN 104 may provide scheduling, radio resource management, and retransmission protocols. The communication direction from the RAN 104 to the wireless device 106 over the air interface is known as the downlink and the communication direction from the wireless device 106 to the RAN 104 over the air interface is known as the uplink. Downlink transmissions may be separated from uplink transmissions using frequency division duplexing (FDD), timedivision duplexing (TDD), and / or some combination of the two duplexing techniques.

[0054] The term wireless device may be used throughout this disclosure to refer to and encompass any mobile device or fixed (non-mobile) device for which wireless communication is needed or usable. For example, a wireless device may be a telephone, smart phone, tablet, computer, laptop, sensor, meter, wearable device, Internet of Things (loT) device, vehicle roadside unit (RSU), relay node, automobile, and / or any combination thereof. The term wireless device encompasses other terminology, including user equipment (UE), user terminal (UT), access terminal (AT), mobile station, handset, wireless transmit and receive unit (WTRU), and / or wireless communication device.

[0055] The RAN 104 may include one or more base stations (not shown). The term base station may be used throughout this disclosure to refer to and encompass a Node B (associated with UMTS and / or 3G standards), an Evolved Node B (eNB, associated with E-UTRA and / or 4G standards), a remote radio head (RRH), a baseband processing unit coupled to one or more RRHs, a repeater node or relay node used to extend the coverage area of a donor node, a Next Generation Evolved Node B (ng-eNB), a Generation Node B (gNB, associated with NR and / or 5G standards), an access point (AP, associated with, for example, Wi-Fi or any other suitable wireless communication standard), and / or any combination thereof. A base station may comprise at least one gNB Central Unit (gNB-CU) and at least one a gNB Distributed Unit (gNB-DU).

[0056] A base station included in the RAN 104 may include one or more sets of antennas for communicating with the wireless device 106 over the air interface. For example, one or more of the base stations may include three sets of antennas to respectively control three cells (or sectors). The size of a cell may be determined by a range at which a receiver (e.g ., a base station receiver) can successfully receive the transmissions from a transmitter (e.g., a wireless device transmitter) operating in the cell. Together, the cells of the base stations may provide radio coverage to the wireless device 106 over a wide geographic area to support wireless device mobility.

[0057] In addition to three-sector sites, other implementations of base stations are possible. For example, one or more of the base stations in the RAN 104 may be implemented as a sectored site with more or less than three sectors. One or more of the base stations in the RAN 104 may be implemented as an access point, as a baseband processing unit coupled to several remote radio heads (RRHs), and / or as a repeaterDocket No.: 25-1008PCTor relay node used to extend the coverage area of a donor node. A baseband processing unit coupled to RRHs may be part of a centralized or cloud RAN architecture, where the baseband processing unit may be either centralized in a pool of baseband processing units or virtualized. A repeater node may amplify and rebroadcast a radio signal received from a donor node. A relay node may perform the same / similar functions as a repeater node but may decode the radio signal received from the donor node to remove noise before amplifying and rebroadcasting the radio signal.

[0058] The RAN 104 may be deployed as a homogenous network of macrocell base stations that have similar antenna patterns and similar high-level transmit powers. The RAN 104 may be deployed as a heterogeneous network. In heterogeneous networks, small cell base stations may be used to provide small coverage areas, for example, coverage areas that overlap with the comparatively larger coverage areas provided by macrocell base stations. The small coverage areas may be provided in areas with high data traffic (or so-called “hotspots”) or in areas with weak macrocell coverage. Examples of small cell base stations include, in order of decreasing coverage area, microcell base stations, picocell base stations, and femtocell base stations or home base stations.

[0059] The Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) was formed in 1998 to provide global standardization of specifications for mobile communication networks similar to the mobile communication network 100 in FIG. 1A. To date, 3GPP has produced specifications for three generations of mobile networks: a third generation (3G) network known as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), a fourth generation (4G) network known as Long-Term Evolution (LTE), and a fifth generation (5G) network known as 5G System (5GS). Embodiments of the present disclosure are described with reference to the RAN of a 3GPP 5G network, referred to as next-generation RAN (NG-RAN). Embodiments may be applicable to RANs of other mobile communication networks, such as the RAN 104 in FIG. 1A, the RANs of earlier 3G and 4G networks, and those of future networks yet to be specified (e.g., a 3GPP 6G network). NG-RAN implements 5G radio access technology known as New Radio (NR) and may be provisioned to implement 4G radio access technology or other radio access technologies, including non-3GPP radio access technologies.

[0060] FIG. 1 B illustrates another example mobile communication network 150 in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. Mobile communication network 150 may be, for example, a PLMN run by a network operator. As illustrated in FIG. 1B, mobile communication network 150 includes a 5G core network (5G-CN) 152, an NG-RAN 154, and UEs 156A and 156B (collectively UEs 156). These components may be implemented and operate in the same or similar manner as corresponding components described with respect to FIG. 1 A.

[0061] The 5G-CN 152 provides the UEs 156 with an interface to one or more DNs, such as public DNs (e.g., the Internet), private DNs, and / or intra-operator DNs. As part of the interface functionality, the 5G-CNDocket No.: 25-1008PCT152 may set up end-to-end connections between the UEs 156 and the one or more DNs, authenticate the UEs 156, and provide charging functionality. Compared to the CN of a 3GPP4G network, the basis of the 5G-CN 152 may be a service-based architecture. This means that the architecture of the nodes making up the 5G-CN 152 may be defined as network functions that offer services via interfaces to other network functions. The network functions of the 5G-CN 152 may be implemented in several ways, including as network elements on dedicated or shared hardware, as software instances running on dedicated or shared hardware, or as virtualized functions instantiated on a platform (e.g., a cloud-based platform).

[0062] As illustrated in FIG. 1B, the 5G-CN 152 includes an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 158A and a User Plane Function (UPF) 158B, which are shown as one component AMF / UPF 158 in FIG 1B for ease of illustration. The UPF 158B may serve as a gateway between the NG-RAN 154 and the one or more DNs. The UPF 158B may perform functions such as packet routing and forwarding, packet inspection and user plane policy rule enforcement, traffic usage reporting, uplink classification to support routing of traffic flows to the one or more DNs, quality of service (QoS) handling for the user plane (e.g., packet filtering, gating, uplink / downlink rate enforcement, and uplink traffic verification), downlink packet buffering, and downlink data notification triggering. The UPF 158B may serve as an anchor point for intra- / inter-Radio Access Technology (RAT) mobility, an external protocol (or packet) data unit (PDU) session point of interconnect to the one or more DNs, and / or a branching point to support a multi-homed PDU session. The UEs 156 may be configured to receive services through a PDU session, which is a logical connection between a UE and a DN

[0063] The AMF 158A may perform functions such as Non-Access Stratum (NAS) signaling termination, NAS signaling security, Access Stratum (AS) security control, inter-CN node signaling for mobility between 3GPP access networks, idle mode UE reachability (e.g., control and execution of paging retransmission), registration area management, intra-system and inter-system mobility support, access authentication, access authorization including checking of roaming rights, mobility management control (subscription and policies), network slicing support, and / or session management function (SMF) selection. NAS may refer to the functionality operating between a CN and a UE, and AS may refer to the functionality operating between the UE and a RAN.

[0064] The 5G-CN 152 may include one or more additional network functions that are not shown in FIG 1 B for the sake of clarity. For example, the 5G-CN 152 may include one or more of a Session Management Function (SMF), an NR Repository Function (NRF), a Policy Control Function (PCF), a Network Exposure Function (NEF), a Unified Data Management (UDM), an Application Function (AF), and / or an Authentication Server Function (AUSF).

[0065] The NG-RAN 154 may connect the 5G-CN 152 to the UEs 156 through radio communications over the air interface. The NG-RAN 154 may include one or more gNBs, illustrated as gNB 160A and gNB 160BDocket No.: 25-1008PCT(collectively gNBs 160) and / or one or more ng-eNBs, illustrated as ng-eNB 162A and ng-eNB 162B (collectively ng-eNBs 162). The gNBs 160 and ng-eNBs 162 may be more generically referred to as base stations. The gNBs 160 and ng-eNBs 162 may include one or more sets of antennas for communicating with the UEs 156 over an air interface. For example, one or more of the gNBs 160 and / or one or more of the ng-eNBs 162 may include three sets of antennas to respectively control three cells (or sectors).Together, the cells of the gNBs 160 and the ng-eNBs 162 may provide radio coverage to the UEs 156 over a wide geographic area to support UE mobility.

[0066] As shown in FIG. 1B, the gNBs 160 and / or the ng-eNBs 162 may be connected to the 5G-CN 152 by means of an NG interface and to other base stations by an Xn interface. The NG and Xn interfaces may be established using direct physical connections and / or indirect connections over an underlying transport network, such as an internet protocol (IP) transport network. The gNBs 160 and / or the ng-eNBs 162 may be connected to the UEs 156 by means of a Uu interface. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 1B, gNB 160A may be connected to the UE 156A by means of a Uu interface. The NG, Xn, and Uu interfaces are associated with a protocol stack. The protocol stacks associated with the interfaces may be used by the network elements in FIG. 1B to exchange data and signaling messages and may include two planes: a user plane and a control plane. The user plane may handle data of interest to a user. The control plane may handle signaling messages of interest to the network elements.

[0067] The gNBs 160 and / or the ng-eNBs 162 may be connected to one or more AMF / UPF functions of the 5G-CN 152, such as the AMF / UPF 158, by means of one or more NG interfaces. For example, the gNB 160A may be connected to the UPF 158B of the AMF / UPF 158 by means of an NG-User plane (NG-U) interface. The NG-U interface may provide delivery (e.g., non-guaranteed delivery) of user plane PDUs between the gNB 160A and the UPF 158B. The gNB 160A may be connected to the AMF 158A by means of an NG-Control plane (NG-C) interface. The NG-C interface may provide, for example, NG interface management, UE context management, UE mobility management, transport of NAS messages, paging, PDU session management, and configuration transfer and / or warning message transmission.

[0068] The gNBs 160 may provide NR user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UEs 156 over the Uu interface. For example, the gNB 160A may provide NR user plane and control plane protocol terminations toward the UE 156A over a Uu interface associated with a first protocol stack. The ng-eNBs 162 may provide Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UEs 156 over a Uu interface, where E-UTRA refers to the 3GPP 4G radio-access technology. For example, the ng-eNB 162B may provide E-UTRA user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE 156B over a Uu interface associated with a second protocol stack.Docket No.: 25-1008PCT

[0069] The 5G-CN 152 was described as being configured to handle NR and 4G radio accesses. It will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art that it may be possible for NR to connect to a 4G core network in a mode known as “non-standalone operation.” In non-standalone operation, a 4G core network is used to provide (or at least support) control-plane functionality (e.g., initial access, mobility, and paging). Although only one AMF / UPF 158 is shown in FIG. 1B, one gNB or ng-eNB may be connected to multiple AMF / UPF nodes to provide redundancy and / or to load share across the multiple AMF / UPF nodes.

[0070] As discussed, an interface (e.g., Uu, Xn, and NG interfaces) between the network elements in FIG.1 B may be associated with a protocol stack that the network elements use to exchange data and signaling messages. A protocol stack may include two planes: a user plane and a control plane. The user plane may handle data of interest to a user, and the control plane may handle signaling messages of interest to the network elements.

[0071] FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B respectively illustrate examples of NR user plane and NR control plane protocol stacks for the Uu interface that lies between a UE 210 and a gNB 220. The protocol stacks illustrated in FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B may be the same or similar to those used for the Uu interface between, for example, the UE 156A and the gNB 160A shown in FIG. 1 B.

[0072] FIG. 2A illustrates a NR user plane protocol stack comprising five layers implemented in the UE 210 and the gNB 220. At the bottom of the protocol stack, physical layers (PHYs) 211 and 221 may provide transport services to the higher layers of the protocol stack and may correspond to layer 1 of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. The next four protocols above PHYs 211 and 221 comprise medium access control (MAC) layers (MACs) 212 and 222 (also referred to as media access control layers), radio link control (RLC) layers (RLCs) 213 and 223, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layers (PDCPs) 214 and 224, and service data application protocol (SDAP) layers (SDAPs) 215 and 225. Together, these four protocols may make up layer 2, or the data link layer, of the OSI model.

[0073] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of services provided between protocol layers of the NR user plane protocol stack. Starting from the top of FIG. 2A and FIG. 3, the SDAPs 215 and 225 may perform QoS flow handling. The UE 210 may receive services through a PDU session, which may be a logical connection between the UE 210 and a DN. The PDU session may have one or more QoS flows. A UPF of a CN (e.g., the UPF 158B) may map IP packets to the one or more QoS flows of the PDU session based on QoS requirements (e.g., in terms of delay, data rate, and / or error rate). The SDAPs 215 and 225 may perform mapping / de-mapping between the one or more QoS flows and one or more data radio bearers. The mapping / de-mapping between the QoS flows and the data radio bearers may be determined by the SDAP 225 at the gNB 220. The SDAP 215 at the UE 210 may be informed of the mapping between the QoS flows and the data radio bearers through reflective mapping or control signaling received from the gNB 220. For reflective mapping, the SDAP 225 at the gNB 220 may mark the downlink packets with a QoS flow indicatorDocket No.: 25-1008PCT(QFI), which may be observed by the SDAP 215 at the UE 210 to determine the mapping / de-mapping between the QoS flows and the data radio bearers.

[0074] The PDCPs 214 and 224 may perform header compression / decompression to reduce the amount of data that needs to be transmitted over the air interface, ciphering / deciphering to prevent unauthorized decoding of data transmitted over the air interface, and integrity protection (to ensure control messages originate from intended sources. The PDCPs 214 and 224 may perform retransmissions of undelivered packets, in-sequence delivery and reordering of packets, and removal of packets received in duplicate due to, for example, an intra-g NB handover. The PDCPs 214 and 224 may perform packet duplication to improve the likelihood of the packet being received and, at the receiver, remove any duplicate packets. Packet duplication may be useful for services that require high reliability.

[0075] Although not shown in FIG. 3, PDCPs 214 and 224 may perform mapping / de-mapping between a split radio bearer and RLC channels in a dual connectivity scenario. Dual connectivity is a technique that allows a UE to connect to two cells or, more generally, two cell groups: a master cell group (MCG) and a secondary cell group (SCG). A split bearer is when a single radio bearer, such as one of the radio bearers provided by the PDCPs 214 and 224 as a service to the SDAPs 215 and 225, is handled by cell groups in dual connectivity. The PDCPs 214 and 224 may map / de-map the split radio bearer between RLC channels belonging to cell groups.

[0076] The RLCs 213 and 223 may perform segmentation, retransmission through Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ), and removal of duplicate data units received from MACs 212 and 222, respectively. The RLCs 213 and 223 may support three transmission modes: transparent mode (TM); unacknowledged mode (UM); and acknowledged mode (AM). Based on the transmission mode an RLC is operating, the RLC may perform one or more of the noted functions. The RLC configuration may be per logical channel with no dependency on numerologies and / or Transmission Time Interval (TTI) durations. As shown in FIG. 3, the RLCs 213 and 223 may provide RLC channels as a service to PDCPs 214 and 224, respectively.

[0077] The MACs 212 and 222 may perform multiplexing / demultiplexing of logical channels and / or mapping between logical channels and transport channels. The multiplexing / demultiplexing may include multiplexing / demultiplexing of data units, belonging to the one or more logical channels, into / from Transport Blocks (TBs) delivered to / from the PHYs 211 and 221. The MAC 222 may be configured to perform scheduling, scheduling information reporting, and priority handling between UEs by means of dynamic scheduling. Scheduling may be performed in the gNB 220 (at the MAC 222) for downlink and uplink. The MACs 212 and 222 may be configured to perform error correction through Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) (e.g., one HARQ entity per carrier in case of Carrier Aggregation (CA)), priority handling between logical channels of the UE 210 by means of logical channel prioritization, and / or padding. The MACs 212 and 222 may support one or more numerologies and / or transmission timings. In an example,Docket No.: 25-1008PCTmapping restrictions in a logical channel prioritization may control which numerology and / or transmission timing a logical channel may use. As shown in FIG. 3, the MACs 212 and 222 may provide logical channels as a service to the RLCs 213 and 223.

[0078] The PHYs 211 and 221 may perform mapping of transport channels to physical channels and digital and analog signal processing functions for sending and receiving information over the air interface. These digital and analog signal processing functions may include, for example, coding / decoding and modulation / demodulation. The PHYs 211 and 221 may perform multi-antenna mapping. As shown in FIG.3, the PHYs 211 and 221 may provide one or more transport channels as a service to the MACs 212 and 222.

[0079] FIG. 4A illustrates an example downlink data flow through the NR user plane protocol stack. FIG.4A illustrates a downlink data flow of three IP packets (n, n+1, and m) through the NR user plane protocol stack to generate two TBs at the gNB 220. An uplink data flow through the NR user plane protocol stack may be similar to the downlink data flow depicted in FIG. 4A.

[0080] The downlink data flow of FIG. 4A begins when SDAP 225 receives the three IP packets from one or more QoS flows and maps the three packets to radio bearers In FIG. 4A, the SDAP 225 maps IP packets n and n+1 to a first radio bearer 402 and maps IP packet m to a second radio bearer 404. An SDAP header (labeled with an “H” in FIG. 4A) is added to an IP packet. The data unit from / to a higher protocol layer is referred to as a service data unit (SDU) of the lower protocol layer and the data unit to / from a lower protocol layer is referred to as a protocol data unit (PDU) of the higher protocol layer. As shown in FIG. 4A, the data unit from the SDAP 225 is an SDU of lower protocol layer PDCP 224 and is a PDU of the SDAP 225.

[0081] The remaining protocol layers in FIG. 4A may perform their associated functionality (e.g . , with respect to FIG. 3), add corresponding headers, and forward their respective outputs to the next lower layer. For example, the PDCP 224 may perform IP-header compression and ciphering and forward its output to the RLC 223. The RLC 223 may optionally perform segmentation (e.g., as shown for IP packet m in FIG.4A) and forward its output to the MAC 222. The MAC 222 may multiplex a number of RLC PDUs and may attach a MAC subheader to an RLC PDU to form a transport block. In NR, the MAC subheaders may be distributed across the MAC PDU, as illustrated in FIG. 4A In LTE, the MAC subheaders may be entirely located at the beginning of the MAC PDU. The NR MAC PDU structure may reduce processing time and associated latency because the MAC PDU subheaders may be computed before the full MAC PDU is assembled.

[0082] FIG. 4B illustrates an example format of a MAC subheader in a MAC PDU . The MAC subheader includes: an SDU length field for indicating the length (e.g., in bytes) of the MAC SDU to which the MAC subheader corresponds; a logical channel identifier (LCID) field for identifying the logical channel fromDocket No.: 25-1008PCTwhich the MAC SDU originated to aid in the demultiplexing process; a flag (F) for indicating the size of the SDU length field; and a reserved bit (R) field for future use.

[0083] FIG. 4B further illustrates MAC control elements (CEs) inserted into the MAC PDU by a MAC, such as MAC 223 or MAC 222. For example, FIG. 4B illustrates two MAC CEs inserted into the MAC PDU. MAC CEs may be inserted at the beginning of a MAC PDU for downlink transmissions (as shown in FIG. 4B) and at the end of a MAC PDU for uplink transmissions. MAC CEs may be used for in-band control signaling. Example MAC CEs include: scheduling-related MAC CEs, such as buffer status reports and power headroom reports; activation / deactivation MAC CEs, such as those for activation / deactivation of PDCP duplication detection, channel state information (CSI) reporting, sounding reference signal (SRS) transmission, and prior configured components; discontinuous reception (DRX) related MAC CEs; timing advance MAC CEs; and random access related MAC CEs. A MAC CE may be preceded by a MAC subheader with a similar format as described for MAC SDUs and may be identified with a reserved value in the LCID field that indicates the type of control information included in the MAC CE.

[0084] Before describing the NR control plane protocol stack, logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels are first described as well as a mapping between the channel types. One or more of the channels may be used to carry out functions associated with the NR control plane protocol stack described later below.

[0085] FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B illustrate, for downlink and uplink respectively, a mapping between logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels. Information is passed through channels between the RLC, the MAC, and the PHY of the NR protocol stack. A logical channel may be used between the RLC and the MAC and may be classified as a control channel that carries control and configuration information in the NR control plane or as a traffic channel that carries data in the NR user plane. A logical channel may be classified as a dedicated logical channel that is dedicated to a specific UE or as a common logical channel that may be used by more than one UE. A logical channel may also be defined by the type of information it carries. The set of logical channels defined by NR include, for example:

[0086] - a paging control channel (PCCH) for carrying paging messages used to page a UE whose location is not known to the network on a cell level;

[0087] - a broadcast control channel (BCCH) for carrying system information messages in the form of a master information block (MIB) and several system information blocks (SIBs), wherein the system information messages may be used by the UEs to obtain information about how a cell is configured and how to operate within the cell;

[0088] - a common control channel (CCCH) for carrying control messages together with random access;

[0089] - a dedicated control channel (DCCH) for carrying control messages to / from a specific the UE to configure the UE; andDocket No.: 25-1008PCT

[0090] - a dedicated traffic channel (DTCH) for carrying user data to / from a specific the UE.

[0091] Transport channels are used between the MAC and PHY layers and may be defined by how the information they carry is transmitted over the air interface. The set of transport channels defined by NR include, for example:

[0092] - a paging channel (PCH) for carrying paging messages that originated from the PCCH;

[0093] - a broadcast channel (BCH) for carrying the MIB from the BCCH;

[0094] - a downlink shared channel (DL-SCH) for carrying downlink data and signaling messages, including the SIBs from the BCCH;

[0095] - an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) for carrying uplink data and signaling messages; and

[0096] - a random access channel (RACH) for allowing a UE to contact the network without any prior scheduling.

[0097] The PHY may use physical channels to pass information between processing levels of the PHY. A physical channel may have an associated set of time-frequency resources for carrying the information of one or more transport channels. The PHY may generate control information to support the low-level operation of the PHY and provide the control information to the lower levels of the PHY via physical control channels, known as L1 / L2 control channels. The set of physical channels and physical control channels defined by NR include, for example:

[0098] - a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) for carrying the MIB from the BCH;

[0099] - a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for carrying downlink data and signaling messages from the DL-SCH, as well as paging messages from the PCH;

[0100] -- a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) for carrying downlink control information (DCI), which may include downlink scheduling commands, uplink scheduling grants, and uplink power control commands;

[0101] - a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for carrying uplink data and signaling messages from the UL-SCH and in some instances uplink control information (UCI) as described below;

[0102] -- a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) for carrying UCI, which may include HARQ acknowledgments, channel quality indicators (CQI), pre-coding matrix indicators (PM I), rank indicators (Rl), and scheduling requests (SR); and

[0103] - a physical random access channel (PRACH) for random access.

[0104] Similar to the physical control channels, the physical layer generates physical signals to support the low-level operation of the physical layer. As shown in FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B, the physical layer signals defined by NR include: primary synchronization signals (PSS), secondary synchronization signals (SSS), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS), demodulation reference signals (DMRS), soundingDocket No.: 25-1008PCTreference signals (SRS), and phase-tracking reference signals (PT-RS). These physical layer signals will be described in greater detail below.

[0105] FIG. 2B illustrates an example NR control plane protocol stack. As shown in FIG. 2B, the NR control plane protocol stack may use the same / similar first four protocol layers as the example NR user plane protocol stack. These four protocol layers include the PHYs 211 and 221 , the MACs 212 and 222, the RLCs 213 and 223, and the PDCPs 214 and 224. Instead of having the SDAPs 215 and 225 at the top of the stack as in the NR user plane protocol stack, the NR control plane stack has radio resource controls (RRCs) 216 and 226 and NAS protocols 217 and 237 at the top of the NR control plane protocol stack.

[0106] The NAS protocols 217 and 237 may provide control plane functionality between the UE 210 and the AMF 230 (e.g., the AMF 158A) or, more generally, between the UE 210 and the CN The NAS protocols 217 and 237 may provide control plane functionality between the UE 210 and the AMF 230 via signaling messages, referred to as NAS messages. There is no direct path between the UE 210 and the AMF 230 through which the NAS messages can be transported. The NAS messages may be transported using the AS of the Uu and NG interfaces. NAS protocols 217 and 237 may provide control plane functionality such as authentication, security, connection setup, mobility management, and session management.

[0107] The RRCs 216 and 226 may provide control plane functionality between the UE 210 and the gNB 220 or, more generally, between the UE 210 and the RAN. The RRCs 216 and 226 may provide control plane functionality between the UE 210 and the gNB 220 via signaling messages, referred to as RRC messages RRC messages may be transmitted between the UE 210 and the RAN using signaling radio bearers and the same / similar PDCP, RLC, MAC, and PHY protocol layers. The MAC may multiplex controlplane and user-plane data into the same transport block (TB). The RRCs 216 and 226 may provide control plane functionality such as: broadcast of system information related to AS and NAS; paging initiated by the CN or the RAN; establishment, maintenance and release of an RRC connection between the UE 210 and the RAN; security functions including key management; establishment, configuration, maintenance and release of signaling radio bearers and data radio bearers; mobility functions; QoS management functions; the UE measurement reporting and control of the reporting; detection of and recovery from radio link failure (RLF); and / or NAS message transfer. As part of establishing an RRC connection, RRCs 216 and 226 may establish an RRC context, which may involve configuring parameters for communication between the UE 210 and the RAN.

[0108] FIG. 6 is an example diagram showing RRC state transitions of a UE. The UE may be the same or similar to the wireless device 106 depicted in FIG. 1A, the UE 210 depicted in FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B, or any other wireless device described in the present disclosure. As illustrated in FIG. 6, a UE may be in at least one of three RRC states: RRC connected 602 (e.g., RRC_CONNECTED), RRC idle 604 (e.g., RRC_I DLE), and RRC inactive 606 (e.g., RRCJNACTIVE).Docket No.: 25-1008PCT

[0109] In RRC connected 602, the UE has an established RRC context and may have at least one RRC connection with a base station. The base station may be similar to one of the one or more base stations included in the RAN 104 depicted in FIG. 1A, one of the gNBs 160 or ng-eNBs 162 depicted in FIG. 1B, the gNB 220 depicted in FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B, or any other base station described in the present disclosure. The base station with which the UE is connected may have the RRC context for the UE. The RRC context, referred to as the UE context, may comprise parameters for communication between the UE and the base station. These parameters may include, for example: one or more AS contexts; one or more radio link configuration parameters; bearer configuration information (e.g., relating to a data radio bearer, signaling radio bearer, logical channel, QoS flow, and / or EDU session); security information; and / or PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, and / or SDAP layer configuration information. While in RRC connected 602, mobility of the UE may be managed by the RAN (e.g., the RAN 104 or the NG-RAN 154). The UE may measure the signal levels (e.g., reference signal levels) from a serving cell and neighboring cells and report these measurements to the base station currently serving the UE. The UE’s serving base station may request a handover to a cell of one of the neighboring base stations based on the reported measurements. The RRC state may transition from RRC connected 602 to RRC idle 604 through a connection release procedure 608 or to RRC inactive 606 through a connection inactivation procedure 610.

[0110] In RRC idle 604, an RRC context may not be established for the UE. In RRC idle 604, the UE may not have an RRC connection with the base station. While in RRC idle 604, the UE may be in a sleep state for the majority of the time (e.g., to conserve battery power). The UE may wake up periodically (e.g., once in every discontinuous reception cycle) to monitor for paging messages from the RAN. Mobility of the UE may be managed by the UE through a procedure known as cell reselection. The RRC state may transition from RRC idle 604 to RRC connected 602 through a connection establishment procedure 612, which may involve a random access procedure as discussed in greater detail below.

[0111] In RRC inactive 606, the RRC context previously established is maintained in the UE and the base station. This allows for a fast transition to RRC connected 602 with reduced signaling overhead as compared to the transition from RRC idle 604 to RRC connected 602. While in RRC inactive 606, the UE may be in a sleep state and mobility of the UE may be managed by the UE through cell reselection. The RRC state may transition from RRC inactive 606 to RRC connected 602 through a connection resume procedure 614 or to RRC idle 604 though a connection release procedure 616 that may be the same as or similar to connection release procedure 608.

[0112] An RRC state may be associated with a mobility management mechanism. In RRC idle 604 and RRC inactive 606, mobility is managed by the UE through cell reselection. The purpose of mobility management in RRC idle 604 and RRC inactive 606 is to allow the network to be able to notify the UE of an event via a paging message without having to broadcast the paging message over the entire mobileDocket No.: 25-1008PCTcommunications network. The mobility management mechanism used in RRC idle 604 and RRC inactive 606 may allow the network to track the UE on a cell-group level so that the paging message may be broadcast over the cells of the cell group that the UE currently resides within instead of the entire mobile communication network. The mobility management mechanisms for RRC idle 604 and RRC inactive 606 track the UE on a cell-group level. They may do so using different granularities of grouping. For example, there may be three levels of cell-grouping granularity: individual cells; cells within a RAN area identified by a RAN area identifier (RAI); and cells within a group of RAN areas, referred to as a tracking area and identified by a tracking area identifier (TAI).

[0113] Tracking areas may be used to track the UE at the CN level. The CN (e.g., the CN 102 or the 5G-CN 152) may provide the UE with a list of TAIs associated with a UE registration area. If the UE moves, through cell reselection, to a cell associated with a TAI not included in the list of TAIs associated with the UE registration area, the UE may perform a registration update with the CN to allow the CN to update the UE’s location and provide the UE with a new the UE registration area.

[0114] RAN areas may be used to track the UE at the RAN level. For a UE in RRC inactive 606 state, the UE may be assigned a RAN notification area. A RAN notification area may comprise one or more cell identities, a list of RAIs, or a list of TAIs. In an example, a base station may belong to one or more RAN notification areas. In an example, a cell may belong to one or more RAN notification areas. If the UE moves, through cell reselection, to a cell not included in the RAN notification area assigned to the UE, the UE may perform a notification area update with the RAN to update the UE’s RAN notification area.

[0115] A base station storing an RRC context for a UE or a last serving base station of the UE may be referred to as an anchor base station. An anchor base station may maintain an RRC context for the UE at least during a period of time that the UE stays in a RAN notification area of the anchor base station and / or during a period of time that the UE stays in RRC inactive 606.

[0116] A gNB, such as gNBs 160 in FIG. 1B, may be split into two parts: a central unit (gNB-CU), and one or more distributed units (gNB-DU). A gNB-CU may be coupled to one or more gNB-DUs using an F1 interface. The gNB-CU may comprise the RRC, the PDCP, and the SDAP. A gNB-DU may comprise the RLC, the MAC, and the PHY.

[0117] In NR, the physical signals and physical channels (discussed with respect to FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B) may be mapped onto orthogonal frequency divisional multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. OFDM is a multicarrier communication scheme that transmits data over F orthogonal subcarriers (or tones). Before transmission, the data may be mapped to a series of complex symbols (e.g., M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) or M-phase shift keying (M-PSK) symbols), referred to as source symbols, and divided into F parallel symbol streams. The F parallel symbol streams may be treated as though they are in the frequency domain and used as inputs to an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) block that transforms them into the timeDocket No.: 25-1008PCTdomain. The IFFT block may take in F source symbols at a time, one from each of the F parallel symbol streams, and use each source symbol to modulate the amplitude and phase of one of F sinusoidal basis functions that correspond to the F orthogonal subcarriers. The output of the IFFT block may be F timedomain samples that represent the summation of the F orthogonal subcarriers. The F time-domain samples may form a single OFDM symbol. After some processing (e.g addition of a cyclic prefix) and up-conversion, an OFDM symbol provided by the IFFT block may be transmitted over the air interface on a carrier frequency. The F parallel symbol streams may be mixed using an FFT block before being processed by the IFFT block. This operation produces Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)-precoded OFDM symbols and may be used by UEs in the uplink to reduce the peak to average power ratio (PAPR). Inverse processing may be performed on the OFDM symbol at a receiver using an FFT block to recover the data mapped to the source symbols.

[0118] FIG. 7 illustrates an example configuration of an NR frame into which OFDM symbols are grouped. An NR frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN). The SFN may repeat with a period of 1024 frames. As illustrated, one NR frame may be 10 milliseconds (ms) in duration and may include 10 subframes that are 1 ms in duration. A subframe may be divided into slots that include, for example, 14 OFDM symbols per slot.

[0119] The duration of a slot may depend on the numerology used for the OFDM symbols of the slot. In NR, a flexible numerology is supported to accommodate different cell deployments (e.g., cells with carrier frequencies below 1 GHz up to cells with carrier frequencies in the mm-wave range). A numerology may be defined in terms of subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix duration. For a numerology in NR, subcarrier spacings may be scaled up by powers of two from a baseline subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz, and cyclic prefix durations may be scaled down by powers of two from a baseline cyclic prefix duration of 4.7 ps. For example, NR defines numerologies with the following subcarrier spacing / cyclic prefix duration combinations: 15 kHz / 4.7 ps; 30 kHz / 2.3 ps; 60 kHz / 1.2 ps; 120 kHz / 0.59 ps; and 240 kHz / 0.29 ps.

[0120] A slot may have a fixed number of OFDM symbols (e.g., 14 OFDM symbols). A numerology with a higher subcarrier spacing has a shorter slot duration and, correspondingly, more slots per subframe. FIG. 7 illustrates this numerology-dependent slot duration and slots-per-subframe transmission structure (the numerology with a subcarrier spacing of 240 kHz is not shown in FIG. 7 for ease of illustration). A subframe in NR may be used as a numerology-independent time reference, while a slot may be used as the unit upon which uplink and downlink transmissions are scheduled. To support low latency, scheduling in NR may be decoupled from the slot duration and start at any OFDM symbol and last for as many symbols as needed for a transmission. These partial slot transmissions may be referred to as mini-slot or subslot transmissions.Docket No.: 25-1008PCT

[0121] FIG. 8 illustrates an example configuration of a slot in the time and frequency domain for an NR carrier. The slot includes resource elements (REs) and resource blocks (RBs). An RE is the smallest physical resource in NR. An RE spans one OFDM symbol in the time domain by one subcarrier in the frequency domain as shown in FIG. 8. An RB spans twelve consecutive REs in the frequency domain as shown in FIG. 8. An NR carrier may be limited to a width of 275 RBs or 275x12 = 3300 subcarriers. Such a limitation, if used, may limit the NR carrier to 50, 100, 200, and 400 MHz for subcarrier spacings of 15, 30, 60, and 120 kHz, respectively, where the 400 MHz bandwidth may be set based on a 400 MHz per carrier bandwidth limit.

[0122] FIG. 8 illustrates a single numerology being used across the entire bandwidth of the NR carrier. In other example configurations, multiple numerologies may be supported on the same carrier.

[0123] NR may support wide carrier bandwidths (e.g., up to 400 MHz for a subcarrier spacing of 120 kHz). Not all UEs may be able to receive the full carrier bandwidth (e.g., due to hardware limitations). Also, receiving the full carrier bandwidth may be prohibitive in terms of UE power consumption. In an example, to reduce power consumption and / or for other purposes, a UE may adapt the size of the UE’s receive bandwidth based on the amount of traffic the UE is scheduled to receive. This is referred to as bandwidth adaptation.

[0124] NR defines bandwidth parts (BWPs) to support UEs not capable of receiving the full carrier bandwidth and to support bandwidth adaptation. In an example, a BWP may be defined by a subset of contiguous RBs on a carrier. A UE may be configured (e.g., via RRC layer) with one or more downlink BWPs and one or more uplink BWPs per serving cell (e.g., up to four downlink BWPs and up to four uplink BWPs per serving cell). At a given time, one or more of the configured BWPs for a serving cell may be active. These one or more BWPs may be referred to as active BWPs of the serving cell. When a serving cell is configured with a secondary uplink carrier, the serving cell may have one or more first active BWPs in the uplink carrier and one or more second active BWPs in the secondary uplink carrier.

[0125] For unpaired spectra, a downlink BWP from a set of configured downlink BWPs may be linked with an uplink BWP from a set of configured uplink BWPs if a downlink BWP index of the downlink BWP and an uplink BWP index of the uplink BWP are the same. For unpaired spectra, a UE may expect that a center frequency for a downlink BWP is the same as a center frequency for an uplink BWP.

[0126] For a downlink BWP in a set of configured downlink BWPs on a primary cell (PCell), a base station may configure a UE with one or more control resource sets (CORESETs) for at least one search space. A search space is a set of locations in the time and frequency domains where the UE may find control information. The search space may be a UE-specific search space or a common search space (potentially usable by a plurality of UEs). For example, a base station may configure a UE with a common search space, on a PCell or on a primary secondary cell (PSCell), in an active downlink BWP.Docket No.: 25-1008PCT

[0127] For an uplink BWP in a set of configured uplink BWPs, a BS may configure a UE with one or more resource sets for one or more PUCCH transmissions. A UE may receive downlink receptions (e.g., PDCCH or PDSCH) in a downlink BWP according to a configured numerology (e.g., subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix duration) for the downlink BWP. The UE may transmit uplink transmissions (e.g., PUCCH or PUSCH) in an uplink BWP according to a configured numerology (e.g., subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix length for the uplink BWP).

[0128] One or more BWP indicator fields may be provided in Downlink Control Information (DCI). A value of a BWP indicator field may indicate which BWP in a set of configured BWPs is an active downlink BWP for one or more downlink receptions. The value of the one or more BWP indicator fields may indicate an active uplink BWP for one or more uplink transmissions.

[0129] A base station may semi-statically configure a UE with a default downlink BWP within a set of configured downlink BWPs associated with a PCell. If the base station does not provide the default downlink BWP to the UE, the default downlink BWP may be an initial active downlink BWP. The UE may determine which BWP is the initial active downlink BWP based on a CORESET configuration obtained using the PBCH.

[0130] A base station may configure a UE with a BWP inactivity timer value for a PCell. The UE may start or restart a BWP inactivity timer at any appropriate time. For example, the UE may start or restart the BWP inactivity timer (a) when the UE detects a DCI indicating an active downlink BWP other than a default downlink BWP for a paired spectra operation; or (b) when a UE detects a DCI indicating an active downlink BWP or active uplink BWP other than a default downlink BWP or uplink BWP for an unpaired spectra operation. If the UE does not detect DCI during an interval of time (e.g., 1 ms or 0.5 ms), the UE may run the BWP inactivity timer toward expiration (for example, increment from zero to the BWP inactivity timer value, or decrement from the BWP inactivity timer value to zero). When the BWP inactivity timer expires, the UE may switch from the active downlink BWP to the default downlink BWP.

[0131] In an example, a base station may semi-statically configure a UE with one or more BWPs. A UE may switch an active BWP from a first BWP to a second BWP in response to receiving a DCI indicating the second BWP as an active BWP and / or in response to an expiry of the BWP inactivity timer (e.g., if the second BWP is the default BWP).

[0132] Downlink and uplink BWP switching (where BWP switching refers to switching from a currently active BWP to a not currently active BWP) may be performed independently in paired spectra. In unpaired spectra, downlink and uplink BWP switching may be performed simultaneously. Switching between configured BWPs may occur based on RRC signaling, DCI, expiration of a BWP inactivity timer, and / or an initiation of random access.Docket No.: 25-1008PCT

[0133] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of bandwidth adaptation using three configured BWPs for an NR carrier. A UE configured with the three BWPs may switch from one BWP to another BWP at a switching point. In the example illustrated in FIG. 9, the BWPs include: a BWP 902 with a bandwidth of 40 MHz and a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz; a BWP 904 with a bandwidth of 10 MHz and a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz; and a BWP 906 with a bandwidth of 20 MHz and a subcarrier spacing of 60 kHz. The BWP 902 may be an initial active BWP, and the BWP 904 may be a default BWP. The UE may switch between BWPs at switching points. In the example of FIG. 9, the UE may switch from the BWP 902 to the BWP 904 at a switching point 908. The switching at the switching point 908 may occur for any suitable reason, for example, in response to an expiry of a BWP inactivity timer (indicating switching to the default BWP) and / or in response to receiving a DCI indicating BWP 904 as the active BWP. The UE may switch at a switching point 910 from active BWP 904 to BWP 906 in response to receiving a DCI indicating BWP 906 as the active BWP. The UE may switch at a switching point 912 from active BWP 906 to BWP 904 in response to an expiry of a BWP inactivity timer and / or in response to receiving a DCI indicating BWP 904 as the active BWP. The UE may switch at a switching point 914 from active BWP 904 to BWP 902 in response to receiving a DCI indicating BWP 902 as the active BWP.

[0134] If a UE is configured for a secondary cell with a default downlink BWP in a set of configured downlink BWPs and a timer value, UE procedures for switching BWPs on a secondary cell may be the same / similar as those on a primary cell. For example, the UE may use the timer value and the default downlink BWP for the secondary cell in the same / similar manner as the UE would use these values for a primary cell.

[0135] To provide for greater data rates, two or more carriers can be aggregated and simultaneously transmitted to / from the same UE using carrier aggregation (CA). The aggregated carriers in CA may be referred to as component carriers (CCs). When CA is used, there are a number of serving cells for the UE, one for a CC. The CCs may have three configurations in the frequency domain

[0136] FIG. 10A illustrates the three CA configurations with two CCs. In the intraband, contiguous configuration 1002, the two CCs are aggregated in the same frequency band (frequency band A) and are located directly adjacent to each other within the frequency band. In the intraband, non-contiguous configuration 1004, the two CCs are aggregated in the same frequency band (frequency band A) and are separated in the frequency band by a gap. In the interband configuration 1006, the two CCs are located in frequency bands (frequency band A and frequency band B).

[0137] In an example, up to 32 CCs may be aggregated. The aggregated CCs may have the same or different bandwidths, subcarrier spacing, and / or duplexing schemes (TDD or FDD). A serving cell for a UE using CA may have a downlink CC. For FDD, one or more uplink CCs may be optionally configured for aDocket No.: 25-1008PCTserving cell. The ability to aggregate more downlink carriers than uplink carriers may be useful, for example, when the UE has more data traffic in the downlink than in the uplink.

[0138] When CA is used, one of the aggregated cells for a UE may be referred to as a primary cell (PCell). The PCell may be the serving cell that the UE initially connects to at RRC connection establishment, reestablishment, and / or handover. The PCell may provide the UE with NAS mobility information and the security input. UEs may have different PCells. In the downlink, the carrier corresponding to the PCell may be referred to as the downlink primary CC (DL PCC). In the uplink, the carrier corresponding to the PCell may be referred to as the uplink primary CC (UL PCC). The other aggregated cells for the UE may be referred to as secondary cells (SCells). In an example, the SCells may be configured after the PCell is configured for the UE For example, an SCell may be configured through an RRC Connection Reconfiguration procedure. In the downlink, the carrier corresponding to an SCell may be referred to as a downlink secondary CC (DL SCC). In the uplink, the carrier corresponding to the SCell may be referred to as the uplink secondary CC (UL SCC).

[0139] Configured SCells for a UE may be activated and deactivated based on, for example, traffic and channel conditions Deactivation of an SCell may mean that PDCCH and PDSCH reception on the SCell is stopped and PUSCH, SRS, and CQI transmissions on the SCell are stopped. Configured SCells may be activated and deactivated using a MAC CE with respect to FIG. 4B. For example, a MAC CE may use a bitmap (e.g., one bit per SCell) to indicate which SCells (e.g., in a subset of configured SCells) for the UE are activated or deactivated. Configured SCells may be deactivated in response to an expiration of an SCell deactivation timer (e.g., one SCell deactivation timer per SCell).

[0140] Downlink control information, such as scheduling assignments and scheduling grants, for a cell may be transmitted on the cell corresponding to the assignments and grants, which is known as selfscheduling. The DCI for the cell may be transmitted on another cell, which is known as cross-carrier scheduling. Uplink control information (e g., HARQ acknowledgments and channel state feedback, such as CQI, PMI, and / or Rl) for aggregated cells may be transmitted on the PUCCH of the PCell. For a larger number of aggregated downlink CCs, the PUCCH of the PCell may become overloaded. Cells may be divided into multiple PUCCH groups.

[0141] FIG. 10B illustrates an example of how aggregated cells may be configured into one or more PUCCH groups. A PUCCH group 1010 and a PUCCH group 1050 may include one or more downlink CCs, respectively. In the example of FIG. 10B, the PUCCH group 1010 includes three downlink CCs: a PCell 1011, an SCell 1012, and an SCell 1013. The PUCCH group 1050 includes three downlink CCs in the present example: a PCell 1051 , an SCell 1052, and an SCell 1053. One or more uplink CCs may be configured as a PCell 1021, an SCell 1022, and an SCell 1023. One or more other uplink CCs may be configured as a primary SCell (PSCell) 1061, an SCell 1062, and an SCell 1063. Uplink control informationDocket No.: 25-1008PCT(UCI) related to the downlink CCs of the PUCCH group 1010, shown as UC1 1031, UC1 1032, and UCI 1033, may be transmitted in the uplink of the PCell 1021. Uplink control information (UCI) related to the downlink CCs of the PUCCH group 1050, shown as UCI 1071, UC1 1072, and UCI 1073, may be transmitted in the uplink of the PSCell 1061. In an example, if the aggregated cells depicted in FIG. 10B were not divided into the PUCCH group 1010 and the PUCCH group 1050, a single uplink PCell to transmit UCI relating to the downlink CCs, and the PCell may become overloaded. By dividing transmissions of UCI between the PCell 1021 and the PSCell 1061, overloading may be prevented.

[0142] A cell, comprising a downlink carrier and optionally an uplink carrier, may be assigned with a physical cell ID and a cell index. The physical cell ID or the cell index may identify a downlink carrier and / or an uplink carrier of the cell, for example, depending on the context in which the physical cell ID is used A physical cell ID may be determined using a synchronization signal transmitted on a downlink component carrier. A cell index may be determined using RRC messages. In the disclosure, a physical cell ID may be referred to as a carrier ID, and a cell index may be referred to as a carrier index. For example, when the disclosure refers to a first physical cell ID for a first downlink carrier, the disclosure may mean the first physical cell ID is for a cell comprising the first downlink carrier. The same / similar concept may apply to, for example, a carrier activation. When the disclosure indicates that a first carrier is activated, the specification may mean that a cell comprising the first carrier is activated.

[0143] In CA, a multi-carrier nature of a PHY may be exposed to a MAC. In an example, a HARQ entity may operate on a serving cell A transport block may be generated per assignment / grant per serving cell A transport block and potential HARQ retransmissions of the transport block may be mapped to a serving cell.

[0144] In the downlink, a base station may transmit (e.g., unicast, multicast, and / or broadcast) one or more Reference Signals (RSs) to a UE (e.g., PSS, SSS, CSI-RS, DMRS, and / or PT-RS, as shown in FIG.5A). In the uplink, the UE may transmit one or more RSs to the base station (e.g., DMRS, PT-RS, and / or SRS, as shown in FIG. 5B). The PSS and the SSS may be transmitted by the base station and used by the UE to synchronize the UE to the base station. The PSS and the SSS may be provided in a synchronization signal (SS) / physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block that includes the PSS, the SSS, and the PBCH. The base station may periodically transmit a burst of SS / PBCH blocks.

[0145] FIG. 11A illustrates an example of an SS / PBCH block's structure and location. A burst of SS / PBCH blocks may include one or more SS / PBCH blocks (e.g., 4 SS / PBCH blocks, as shown in FIG. 11A). Bursts may be transmitted periodically (e.g., every 2 frames or 20 ms). A burst may be restricted to a half-frame (e.g., a first half-frame having a duration of 5 ms). It will be understood that FIG. 11A is an example, and that these parameters (number of SS / PBCH blocks per burst, periodicity of bursts, position of burst within the frame) may be configured based on, for example: a carrier frequency of a cell in which the SS / PBCHDocket No.: 25-1008PCTblock is transmitted; a numerology or subcarrier spacing of the cell; a configuration by the network (e.g., using RRC signaling); or any other suitable factor. In an example, the UE may assume a subcarrier spacing for the SS / PBCH block based on the carrier frequency being monitored, unless the radio network configured the UE to assume a different subcarrier spacing.

[0146] The SS / PBCH block may span one or more OFDM symbols in the time domain (e.g., 4 OFDM symbols, as shown in the example of FIG. 11 A) and may span one or more subcarriers in the frequency domain (e.g., 240 contiguous subcarriers). The PSS, the SSS, and the PBCH may have a common center frequency. The PSS may be transmitted first and may span, for example, 1 OFDM symbol and 127 subcarriers. The SSS may be transmitted after the PSS (e.g., two symbols later) and may span 1 OFDM symbol and 127 subcarriers. The PBCH may be transmitted after the PSS (e.g., across the next 3 OFDM symbols) and may span 240 subcarriers.

[0147] The location of the SS / PBCH block in the time and frequency domains may not be known to the UE (e.g., if the UE is searching for the cell). To find and select the cell, the UE may monitor a carrier for the PSS. For example, the UE may monitor a frequency location within the carrier. If the PSS is not found after a certain duration (e.g., 20 ms), the UE may search for the PSS at a different frequency location within the carrier, as indicated by a synchronization raster. If the PSS is found at a location in the time and frequency domains, the UE may determine, based on a known structure of the SS / PBCH block, the locations of the SSS and the PBCH, respectively. The SS / PBCH block may be a cell-defining SS block (CD-SSB). In an example, a primary cell may be associated with a CD-SSB. The CD-SSB may be located on a synchronization raster. In an example, a cell selection / search and / or reselection may be based on the CD-SSB.

[0148] The SS / PBCH block may be used by the UE to determine one or more parameters of the cell. For example, the UE may determine a physical cell identifier (PCI) of the cell based on the sequences of the PSS and the SSS, respectively. The UE may determine a location of a frame boundary of the cell based on the location of the SS / PBCH block. For example, the SS / PBCH block may indicate that it has been transmitted in accordance with a transmission pattern, wherein a SS / PBCH block in the transmission pattern is a known distance from the frame boundary.

[0149] The PBCH may use a QPSK modulation and may use forward error correction (FEC). The FEC may use polar coding. One or more symbols spanned by the PBCH may carry one or more DMRSs for demodulation of the PBCH. The PBCH may include an indication of a current system frame number (SFN) of the cell and / or a SS / PBCH block timing index. These parameters may facilitate time synchronization of the UE to the base station. The PBCH may include a master information block (MIB) used to provide the UE with one or more parameters. The MIB may be used by the UE to locate remaining minimum system information (RMSI) associated with the cell. The RMSI may include a System Information Block Type 1Docket No.: 25-1008PCT(SIB1 ). The SIB1 may contain information needed by the UE to access the cell. The UE may use one or more parameters of the MIB to monitor PDCCH, which may be used to schedule PDSCH. The PDSCH may include the SIB1. The SIB1 may be decoded using parameters provided in the MIB. The PBCH may indicate an absence of SIB1. Based on the PBCH indicating the absence of SIB1 , the UE may be pointed to a frequency. The UE may search for an SS / PBCH block at the frequency to which the UE is pointed.

[0150] The UE may assume that one or more SS / PBCH blocks transmitted with a same SS / PBCH block index are quasi co-located (QCLed) (e.g . , having the same / similar Doppler spread, Doppler shift, average gain, average delay, and / or spatial Rx parameters). The UE may not assume QCL for SS / PBCH block transmissions having different SS / PBCH block indices.

[0151] SS / PBCH blocks (e.g., those within a half-frame) may be transmitted in spatial directions (e.g., using different beams that span a coverage area of the cell). In an example, a first SS / PBCH block may be transmitted in a first spatial direction using a first beam, and a second SS / PBCH block may be transmitted in a second spatial direction using a second beam.

[0152] In an example, within a frequency span of a carrier, a base station may transmit a plurality of SS / PBCH blocks. In an example, a first PCI of a first SS / PBCH block of the plurality of SS / PBCH blocks may be different from a second PCI of a second SS / PBCH block of the plurality of SS / PBCH blocks. The PCIs of SS / PBCH blocks transmitted in different frequency locations may be different or the same.

[0153] The CSI-RS may be transmitted by the base station and used by the UE to acquire channel state information (CSI). The base station may configure the UE with one or more CSI-RSs for channel estimation or any other suitable purpose. The base station may configure a UE with one or more of the same / similar CSI-RSs. The UE may measure the one or more CSI-RSs. The UE may estimate a downlink channel state and / or generate a CSI report based on the measuring of the one or more downlink CSI-RSs. The UE may provide the CSI report to the base station. The base station may use feedback provided by the UE (e.g., the estimated downlink channel state) to perform link adaptation.

[0154] The base station may semi-statically configure the UE with one or more CSI-RS resource sets. A CSI-RS resource may be associated with a location in the time and frequency domains and a periodicity. The base station may selectively activate and / or deactivate a CSI-RS resource. The base station may indicate to the UE that a CSI-RS resource in the CSI-RS resource set is activated and / or deactivated.

[0155] The base station may configure the UE to report CSI measurements. The base station may configure the UE to provide CSI reports periodically, aperiodically, or semi-persistently. For periodic CSI reporting, the UE may be configured with a timing and / or periodicity of a plurality of CSI reports. For aperiodic CSI reporting, the base station may request a CSI report. For example, the base station may command the UE to measure a configured CSI-RS resource and provide a CSI report relating to the measurements. For semi-persistent CSI reporting, the base station may configure the UE to transmitDocket No.: 25-1008PCTperiodically, and selectively activate or deactivate the periodic reporting. The base station may configure the UE with a CSI-RS resource set and CSI reports using RRC signaling.

[0156] The CSI-RS configuration may comprise one or more parameters indicating, for example, up to 32 antenna ports. The UE may be configured to employ the same OFDM symbols for a downlink CSI-RS and a control resource set (CORESET) when the downlink CSI-RS and CORESET are spatially QCLed and resource elements associated with the downlink CSI-RS are outside of the physical resource blocks (PRBs) configured for the CORESET. The UE may be configured to employ the same OFDM symbols for downlink CSI-RS and SS / PBCH blocks when the downlink CSI-RS and SS / PBCH blocks are spatially QCLed and resource elements associated with the downlink CSI-RS are outside of PRBs configured for the SS / PBCH blocks.

[0157] Downlink DMRSs may be transmitted by a base station and used by a UE for channel estimation. For example, the downlink DMRS may be used for coherent demodulation of one or more downlink physical channels (e.g., PDSCH). An NR network may support one or more variable and / or configurable DMRS patterns for data demodulation. At least one downlink DMRS configuration may support a front-loaded DMRS pattern. A front-loaded DMRS may be mapped over one or more OFDM symbols (e g., one or two adjacent OFDM symbols). A base station may semi-statically configure the UE with a number (e.g., a maximum number) of front-loaded DMRS symbols for PDSCH. A DMRS configuration may support one or more DMRS ports. For example, for single user-MIMO, a DMRS configuration may support up to eight orthogonal downlink DMRS ports per UE. For multiuser-MIMO, a DMRS configuration may support up to 4 orthogonal downlink DMRS ports per UE. A radio network may support (e.g., at least for CP-OFDM) a common DMRS structure for downlink and uplink, wherein a DMRS location, a DMRS pattern, and / or a scrambling sequence may be the same or different. The base station may transmit a downlink DMRS and a corresponding PDSCH using the same precoding matrix. The UE may use the one or more downlink DMRSs for coherent demodulation / channel estimation of the PDSCH.

[0158] In an example, a transmitter (e.g., a base station) may use a precoder matrices for a part of a transmission bandwidth. For example, the transmitter may use a first precoder matrix for a first bandwidth and a second precoder matrix for a second bandwidth. The first precoder matrix and the second precoder matrix may be different based on the first bandwidth being different from the second bandwidth. The UE may assume that a same precoding matrix is used across a set of PRBs. The set of PRBs may be denoted as a precoding resource block group (PRG).

[0159] A PDSCH may comprise one or more layers. The UE may assume that at least one symbol with DMRS is present on a layer of the one or more layers of the PDSCH. A higher layer may configure up to 3 DMRSs for the PDSCH.Docket No.: 25-1008PCT

[0160] Downlink PT-RS may be transmitted by a base station and used by a UE for phase-noise compensation. Whether a downlink PT-RS is present or not may depend on an RRC configuration. The presence and / or pattern of the downlink PT-RS may be configured on a UE-specific basis using a combination of RRC signaling and / or an association with one or more parameters employed for other purposes (e.g., modulation and coding scheme (MCS)), which may be indicated by DCI. When configured, a dynamic presence of a downlink PT-RS may be associated with one or more DCI parameters comprising at least MCS. An NR network may support a plurality of PT-RS densities defined in the time and / or frequency domains. When present, a frequency domain density may be associated with at least one configuration of a scheduled bandwidth. The UE may assume a same precoding for a DMRS port and a PT-RS port. A number of PT-RS ports may be fewer than a number of DMRS ports in a scheduled resource. Downlink PT-RS may be confined in the scheduled time / frequency duration for the UE. Downlink PT-RS may be transmitted on symbols to facilitate phase tracking at the receiver.

[0161] The UE may transmit an uplink DMRS to a base station for channel estimation. For example, the base station may use the uplink DMRS for coherent demodulation of one or more uplink physical channels. For example, the UE may transmit an uplink DMRS with a PUSCH and / or a PUCCH. The uplink DM-RS may span a range of frequencies that is similar to a range of frequencies associated with the corresponding physical channel. The base station may configure the UE with one or more uplink DMRS configurations. At least one DMRS configuration may support a front-loaded DMRS pattern. The front-loaded DMRS may be mapped over one or more OFDM symbols (e.g., one or two adjacent OFDM symbols). One or more uplink DMRSs may be configured to transmit at one or more symbols of a PUSCH and / or a PUCCH. The base station may semi-statically configure the UE with a number (e.g., maximum number) of front-loaded DMRS symbols for the PUSCH and / or the PUCCH, which the UE may use to schedule a single-symbol DMRS and / or a double-symbol DMRS. An NR network may support (e.g., for cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM)) a common DMRS structure for downlink and uplink, wherein a DMRS location, a DMRS pattern, and / or a scrambling sequence for the DMRS may be the same or different.

[0162] A PUSCH may comprise one or more layers, and the UE may transmit at least one symbol with DMRS present on a layer of the one or more layers of the PUSCH. In an example, a higher layer may configure up to three DMRSs for the PUSCH.

[0163] Uplink PT-RS (which may be used by a base station for phase tracking and / or phase-noise compensation) may or may not be present depending on an RRC configuration of the UE. The presence and / or pattern of uplink PT-RS may be configured on a UE-specific basis by a combination of RRC signaling and / or one or more parameters employed for other purposes (e.g., Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS)), which may be indicated by DCI. When configured, a dynamic presence of uplink PT-RS may be associated with one or more DCI parameters comprising at least MCS. A radio network mayDocket No.: 25-1008PCTsupport a plurality of uplink PT-RS densities defined in time / frequency domain. When present, a frequency domain density may be associated with at least one configuration of a scheduled bandwidth. The UE may assume a same precoding for a DMRS port and a PT-RS port. A number of PT-RS ports may be fewer than a number of DMRS ports in a scheduled resource. For example, uplink PT-RS may be confined in the scheduled time / frequency duration for the UE.

[0164] SRS may be transmitted by a UE to a base station for channel state estimation to support uplink channel dependent scheduling and / or link adaptation. SRS transmitted by the UE may allow a base station to estimate an uplink channel state at one or more frequencies. A scheduler at the base station may employ the estimated uplink channel state to assign one or more resource blocks for an uplink PUSCH transmission from the UE. The base station may semi-statically configure the UE with one or more SRS resource sets. For an SRS resource set, the base station may configure the UE with one or more SRS resources. An SRS resource set applicability may be configured by a higher layer (e.g., RRC) parameter. For example, when a higher layer parameter indicates beam management, an SRS resource in an SRS resource set of the one or more SRS resource sets (e.g., with the same / similar time domain behavior, periodic, aperiodic, and / or the like) may be transmitted at a time instant (e.g., simultaneously). The UE may transmit one or more SRS resources in SRS resource sets. An NR network may support aperiodic, periodic and / or semi-persistent SRS transmissions. The UE may transmit SRS resources based on one or more trigger types, wherein the one or more trigger types may comprise higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC) and / or one or more DCI formats. In an example, at least one DCI format may be employed for the UE to select at least one of one or more configured SRS resource sets. An SRS trigger type 0 may refer to an SRS triggered based on a higher layer signaling. An SRS trigger type 1 may refer to an SRS triggered based on one or more DCI formats. In an example, when PUSCH and SRS are transmitted in a same slot, the UE may be configured to transmit SRS after a transmission of a PUSCH and a corresponding uplink DMRS.

[0165] The base station may semi-statically configure the UE with one or more SRS configuration parameters indicating at least one of following: a SRS resource configuration identifier; a number of SRS ports; time domain behavior of an SRS resource configuration (e.g., an indication of periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic SRS); slot, mini-slot, and / or subframe level periodicity; offset for a periodic and / or an aperiodic SRS resource; a number of OFDM symbols in an SRS resource; a starting OFDM symbol of an SRS resource; an SRS bandwidth; a frequency hopping bandwidth; a cyclic shift; and / or an SRS sequence ID.

[0166] An antenna port is defined such that the channel over which a symbol on the antenna port is conveyed can be inferred from the channel over which another symbol on the same antenna port is conveyed. If a first symbol and a second symbol are transmitted on the same antenna port, the receiver may infer the channel (e.g., fading gain, multipath delay, and / or the like) for conveying the second symbolDocket No.: 25-1008PCTon the antenna port, from the channel for conveying the first symbol on the antenna port. A first antenna port and a second antenna port may be referred to as quasi co-located (QCLed) if one or more large-scale properties of the channel over which a first symbol on the first antenna port is conveyed may be inferred from the channel over which a second symbol on a second antenna port is conveyed. The one or more large-scale properties may comprise at least one of: a delay spread; a Doppler spread; a Doppler shift; an average gain; an average delay; and / or spatial Receiving (Rx) parameters.

[0167] Channels that use beamforming require beam management. Beam management may comprise beam measurement, beam selection, and beam indication. A beam may be associated with one or more reference signals. For example, a beam may be identified by one or more beamformed reference signals. The UE may perform downlink beam measurement based on downlink reference signals (e.g., a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS)) and generate a beam measurement report. The UE may perform the downlink beam measurement procedure after an RRC connection is set up with a base station.

[0168] FIG. 11B illustrates an example of channel state information reference signals (CSI-RSs) that are mapped in the time and frequency domains. A square shown in FIG. 11B may span a resource block (RB) within a bandwidth of a cell. A base station may transmit one or more RRC messages comprising CSI-RS resource configuration parameters indicating one or more CSI-RSs. One or more of the following parameters may be configured by higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC and / or MAC signaling) for a CSI-RS resource configuration: a CSI-RS resource configuration identity, a number of CSI-RS ports, a CSI-RS configuration (e.g., symbol and resource element (RE) locations in a subframe), a CSI-RS subframe configuration (e.g., subframe location, offset, and periodicity in a radio frame), a CSI-RS power parameter, a CSI-RS sequence parameter, a code division multiplexing (CDM) type parameter, a frequency density, a transmission comb, quasi co-location (QCL) parameters (e.g., QCL-scramblingidentity, crs-portscount, mbsfn-subframeconfiglist, csi-rs-configZPid, qcl-csi-rs-configNZPid), and / or other radio resource parameters.

[0169] The three beams illustrated in FIG. 11 B may be configured for a UE in a UE-specific configuration. Three beams are illustrated in FIG. 11 B (beam #1 , beam #2, and beam #3), more or fewer beams may be configured. Beam #1 may be allocated with CSI-RS 1101 that may be transmitted in one or more subcarriers in an RB of a first symbol. Beam #2 may be allocated with CSI-RS 1102 that may be transmitted in one or more subcarriers in an RB of a second symbol. Beam #3 may be allocated with CSI-RS 1103 that may be transmitted in one or more subcarriers in an RB of a third symbol. By using frequency division multiplexing (EDM), a base station may use other subcarriers in a same RB (for example, those that are not used to transmit CSI-RS 1101) to transmit another CSI-RS associated with a beam for another UE. By using time domain multiplexing (TDM), beams used for the UE may be configured such that beams for the UE use symbols from beams of other UEs.Docket No.: 25-1008PCT

[0170] CSI-RSs such as those illustrated in FIG 11 B (e.g., CSI-RS 1101, 1102, 1103) may be transmitted by the base station and used by the UE for one or more measurements. For example, the UE may measure a reference signal received power (RSRP) of configured CSI-RS resources. The base station may configure the UE with a reporting configuration and the UE may report the RSRP measurements to a network (for example, via one or more base stations) based on the reporting configuration. In an example, the base station may determine, based on the reported measurement results, one or more transmission configuration indication (TCI) states comprising a number of reference signals. In an example, the base station may indicate one or more TCI states to the UE (e.g., via RRC signaling, a MAC CE, and / or a DCI). The UE may receive a downlink transmission with a receive (Rx) beam determined based on the one or more TCI states. In an example, the UE mayor may not have a capability of beam correspondence. If the UE has the capability of beam correspondence, the UE may determine a spatial domain filter of a transmit (Tx) beam based on a spatial domain filter of the corresponding Rx beam. If the UE does not have the capability of beam correspondence, the UE may perform an uplink beam selection procedure to determine the spatial domain filter of the Tx beam. The UE may perform the uplink beam selection procedure based on one or more sounding reference signal (SRS) resources configured to the UE by the base station The base station may select and indicate uplink beams for the UE based on measurements of the one or more SRS resources transmitted by the UE.

[0171] In a beam management procedure, a UE may assess (e.g., measure) a channel quality of one or more beam pair links, a beam pair link comprising a transmitting beam transmitted by a base station and a receiving beam received by the UE. Based on the assessment, the UE may transmit a beam measurement report indicating one or more beam pair quality parameters comprising, e.g., one or more beam identifications (e.g., a beam index, a reference signal index, or the like), RSRP, a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a channel quality indicator (CQI), and / or a rank indicator (Rl).

[0172] FIG. 12A illustrates examples of three downlink beam management procedures: P1 , P2, and P3. Procedure P1 may enable a UE measurement on transmit (Tx) beams of a transmission reception point (TRP) (or multiple TRPs), e.g., to support a selection of one or more base station Tx beams and / or UE Rx beams (shown as ovals in the top row and bottom row, respectively, of P1). Beamforming at a TRP may comprise a Tx beam sweep for a set of beams (shown, in the top rows of P1 and P2, as ovals rotated in a counterclockwise direction indicated by the dashed arrow). Beamforming at a UE may comprise an Rx beam sweep for a set of beams (shown, in the bottom rows of P1 and P3, as ovals rotated in a clockwise direction indicated by the dashed arrow). Procedure P2 may be used to enable a UE measurement on Tx beams of a TRP (shown, in the top row of P2, as ovals rotated in a counterclockwise direction indicated by the dashed arrow). The UE and / or the base station may perform procedure P2 using a smaller set of beams than is used in procedure P1, or using narrower beams than the beams used in procedure P1. ThisDocket No.: 25-1008PCTmay be referred to as beam refinement. The UE may perform procedure P3 for Rx beam determination by using the same Tx beam at the base station and sweeping an Rx beam at the UE.

[0173] FIG. 12B illustrates examples of three uplink beam management procedures: U1, U2, and U3. Procedure U1 may be used to enable a base station to perform a measurement on Tx beams of a UE, e.g., to support a selection of one or more UE Tx beams and / or base station Rx beams (shown as ovals in the top row and bottom row, respectively, of U1). Beamforming at the UE may include, e.g., a Tx beam sweep from a set of beams (shown in the bottom rows of U1 and U3 as ovals rotated in a clockwise direction indicated by the dashed arrow). Beamforming at the base station may include, e.g., an Rx beam sweep from a set of beams (shown, in the top rows of U1 and U2, as ovals rotated in a counterclockwise direction indicated by the dashed arrow). Procedure U2 may be used to enable the base station to adjust its Rx beam when the UE uses a fixed Tx beam. The UE and / or the base station may perform procedure U2 using a smaller set of beams than is used in procedure P1 , or using narrower beams than the beams used in procedure P1. This may be referred to as beam refinement The UE may perform procedure U3 to adjust its Tx beam when the base station uses a fixed Rx beam.

[0174] A UE may initiate a beam failure recovery (BFR) procedure based on detecting a beam failure. The UE may transmit a BFR request (e.g., a preamble, a UCI, an SR, a MAC CE, and / or the like) based on the initiating of the BFR procedure. The UE may detect the beam failure based on a determination that a quality of beam pair link(s) of an associated control channel is unsatisfactory (e.g., having an error rate higher than an error rate threshold, a received signal power lower than a received signal power threshold, an expiration of a timer, and / or the like).

[0175] The UE may measure a quality of a beam pair link using one or more reference signals (RSs) comprising one or more SS / PBCH blocks, one or more CSI-RS resources, and / or one or more demodulation reference signals (DMRSs). A quality of the beam pair link may be based on one or more of a block error rate (BLER), an RSRP value, a signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) value, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) value, and / or a CSI value measured on RS resources. The base station may indicate that an RS resource is quasi co-located (QCLed) with one or more DM-RSs of a channel (e.g., a control channel, a shared data channel, and / or the like). The RS resource and the one or more DMRSs of the channel may be QCLed when the channel characteristics (e.g., Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread, spatial Rx parameter, fading, and / or the like) from a transmission via the RS resource to the UE are similar or the same as the channel characteristics from a transmission via the channel to the UE.

[0176] A network (e.g., a gNB and / or an ng-eNB of a network) and / or the UE may initiate a random access procedure. A UE in an RRCJDLE state and / or an RRCJNACTIVE state may initiate the random access procedure to request a connection setup to a network. The UE may initiate the random accessDocket No.: 25-1008PCTprocedure from an RRC_CONNECTED state. The UE may initiate the random access procedure to request uplink resources (e.g ., for uplink transmission of an SR when there is no PUCCH resource available) and / or acquire uplink timing (e.g., when uplink synchronization status is non-synchronized). The UE may initiate the random access procedure to request one or more system information blocks (SIBs) (e.g., other system information such as SIB2, SIB3, and / or the like). The UE may initiate the random access procedure for a beam failure recovery request. A network may initiate a random access procedure for a handover and / or for establishing time alignment for an SCell addition.

[0177] FIG. 13A illustrates a four-step contention-based random access procedure. Prior to initiation of the procedure, a base station may transmit a configuration message 1310 to the UE. The procedure illustrated in FIG. 13A comprises transmission of four messages: a Msg 1 1311, a Msg 2 1312, a Msg 3 1313, and a Msg 4 1314. The Msg 1 1311 may include and / or be referred to as a preamble (or a random access preamble). The Msg 2 1312 may include and / or be referred to as a random access response (RAR).

[0178] The configuration message 1310 may be transmitted, for example, using one or more RRC messages. The one or more RRC messages may indicate one or more random access channel (RACH) parameters to the UE. The one or more RACH parameters may comprise at least one of following: general parameters for one or more random access procedures (e.g., RACH-configGeneral)', cell-specific parameters (e.g., RACH-ConfigCommon) and / or dedicated parameters (e.g., RACH-configDedicated). The base station may broadcast or multicast the one or more RRC messages to one or more UEs. The one or more RRC messages may be UE-specific (e.g., dedicated RRC messages transmitted to a UE in an RRC_CONNECTED state and / or in an RRCJNACTIVE state). The UE may determine, based on the one or more RACH parameters, a time-frequency resource and / or an uplink transmit power for transmission of the Msg 1 1311 and / or the Msg 3 1313. Based on the one or more RACH parameters, the UE may determine a reception timing and a downlink channel for receiving the Msg 2 1312 and the Msg 4 1314.

[0179] The one or more RACH parameters provided in the configuration message 1310 may indicate one or more Physical RACH (PRACH) occasions available for transmission of the Msg 1 1311. The one or more PRACH occasions may be predefined. The one or more RACH parameters may indicate one or more available sets of one or more PRACH occasions (e.g., prach-Configlndex). The one or more RACH parameters may indicate an association between (a) one or more PRACH occasions and (b) one or more reference signals. The one or more RACH parameters may indicate an association between (a) one or more preambles and (b) one or more reference signals. The one or more reference signals may be SS / PBCH blocks and / or CSI-RSs. For example, the one or more RACH parameters may indicate a number of SS / PBCH blocks mapped to a PRACH occasion and / or a number of preambles mapped to a SS / PBCH blocks.Docket No.: 25-1008PCT

[0180] The one or more RACH parameters provided in the configuration message 1310 may be used to determine an uplink transmit power of Msg 1 1311 and / or Msg 3 1313. For example, the one or more RACH parameters may indicate a reference power for a preamble transmission (e.g., a received target power and / or an initial power of the preamble transmission). There may be one or more power offsets indicated by the one or more RACH parameters. For example, the one or more RACH parameters may indicate: a power ramping step; a power offset between SSB and CSI-RS; a power offset between transmissions of the Msg 1 1311 and the Msg 3 1313; and / or a power offset value between preamble groups. The one or more RACH parameters may indicate one or more thresholds based on which the UE may determine at least one reference signal (e.g., an SSB and / or CSI-RS) and / or an uplink carrier (e.g., a normal uplink (NUL) carrier and / or a supplemental uplink (SUL) carrier).

[0181] The Msg 1 1311 may include one or more preamble transmissions (e.g., a preamble transmission and one or more preamble retransmissions). An RRC message may be used to configure one or more preamble groups (e.g., group A and / or group B). A preamble group may comprise one or more preambles. The UE may determine the preamble group based on a pathloss measurement and / or a size of the Msg 3 1313. The UE may measure an RSRP of one or more reference signals (e.g., SSBs and / or CSI-RSs) and determine at least one reference signal having an RSRP above an RSRP threshold (e.g., rsrp-ThresholdSSB and / or rsrp-ThresholdCSI-RS). The UE may select at least one preamble associated with the one or more reference signals and / or a selected preamble group, for example, if the association between the one or more preambles and the at least one reference signal is configured by an RRC message.

[0182] The UE may determine the preamble based on the one or more RACH parameters provided in the configuration message 1310. For example, the UE may determine the preamble based on a pathloss measurement, an RSRP measurement, and / or a size of the Msg 3 1313. As another example, the one or more RACH parameters may indicate: a preamble format; a maximum number of preamble transmissions; and / or one or more thresholds for determining one or more preamble groups (e.g., group A and group B). A base station may use the one or more RACH parameters to configure the UE with an association between one or more preambles and one or more reference signals (e.g., SSBs and / or CSI-RSs). If the association is configured, the UE may determine the preamble to include in Msg 1 1311 based on the association. The Msg 1 1311 may be transmitted to the base station via one or more PRACH occasions. The UE may use one or more reference signals (e.g., SSBs and / or CSI-RSs) for selection of the preamble and for determining of the PRACH occasion. One or more RACH parameters (e.g., ra-ssb-OccasionMsklndex and / or ra-OccasionList) may indicate an association between the PRACH occasions and the one or more reference signals.Docket No.: 25-1008PCT

[0183] The UE may perform a preamble retransmission if no response is received following a preamble transmission. The UE may increase an uplink transmit power for the preamble retransmission. The UE may select an initial preamble transmit power based on a pathloss measurement and / or a target received preamble power configured by the network. The UE may determine to retransmit a preamble and may ramp up the uplink transmit power. The UE may receive one or more RACH parameters (e.g., PREAMBLE_POWER_RAMPING_STEP) indicating a ramping step for the preamble retransmission. The ramping step may be an amount of incremental increase in uplink transmit power for a retransmission. The UE may ramp up the uplink transmit power if the UE determines a reference signal (e.g., SSB and / or CSI-RS) that is the same as a previous preamble transmission. The UE may count a number of preamble transmissions and / or retransmissions (e.g., PREAMBLE_TRANSMISSION_COUNTER). The UE may determine that a random access procedure completed unsuccessfully, for example, if the number of preamble transmissions exceeds a threshold configured by the one or more RACH parameters (e.g., preambleTransMax) .

[0184] The Msg 2 1312 received by the UE may include an RAR. In some scenarios, the Msg 2 1312 may include multiple RARs corresponding to multiple UEs The Msg 2 1312 may be received after or in response to the transmitting of the Msg 1 1311. The Msg 2 1312 may be scheduled on the DL-SCH and indicated on a PDCCH using a random access RNTI (RA-RNTI). The Msg 2 1312 may indicate that the Msg 1 1311 was received by the base station. The Msg 2 1312 may include a time-alignment command that may be used by the UE to adjust the UE’s transmission timing, a scheduling grant for transmission of the Msg 3 1313, and / or a Temporary Cell RNTI (TC-RNTI). After transmitting a preamble, the UE may start a time window (e.g., ra-ResponseWindow) to monitor a PDCCH for the Msg 2 1312. The UE may determine when to start the time window based on a PRACH occasion that the UE uses to transmit the preamble. For example, the UE may start the time window one or more symbols after a last symbol of the preamble (e.g., at a first PDCCH occasion from an end of a preamble transmission). The one or more symbols may be determined based on a numerology. The PDCCH may be in a common search space (e.g., a Typel-PDCCH common search space) configured by an RRC message. The UE may identify the RAR based on a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI). RNTIs may be used depending on one or more events initiating the random access procedure. The UE may use random access RNTI (RA-RNTI). The RA-RNTI may be associated with PRACH occasions in which the UE transmits a preamble. For example, the UE may determine the RA-RNTI based on: an OFDM symbol index; a slot index; a frequency domain index; and / or a UL carrier indicator of the PRACH occasions. An example of RA-RNTI may be as follows:

[0185] RA-RNTI= 1 + s_id + 14 x t_id + 14 x 80 x fjd + 14 x 80 x 8 x ul_carrier_id , where s_id may be an index of a first OFDM symbol of the PRACH occasion (e.g., 0 sjd < 14), t_id may be an index of aDocket No.: 25-1008PCTfirst slot of the PRACH occasion in a system frame (e.g., 0 < t_id < 80), f_id may be an index of the PRACH occasion in the frequency domain (e.g., 0 f_id < 8), and ul_carrier_id may be a UL carrier used for a preamble transmission (e.g., 0 for an NUL carrier, and 1 for an SUL carrier).

[0186] The UE may transmit the Msg 3 1313 in response to a successful reception of the Msg 2 1312 (e.g., using resources identified in the Msg 2 1312). The Msg 3 1313 may be used for contention resolution in, for example, the contention-based random access procedure illustrated in FIG. 13A. In some scenarios, a plurality of UEs may transmit a same preamble to a base station and the base station may provide an RAR that corresponds to a UE. Collisions may occur if the plurality of UEs interpret the RAR as corresponding to themselves. Contention resolution (e.g., using the Msg 3 1313 and the Msg 4 1314) may be used to increase the likelihood that the UE does not incorrectly use an identity of another the UE. To perform contention resolution, the UE may include a device identifier in the Msg 3 1313 (e.g., a C-RNTI if assigned, a TC-RNTI included in the Msg 2 1312, and / or any other suitable identifier).

[0187] The Msg 4 1314 may be received after or in response to the transmitting of the Msg 3 1313. If a C-RNTI was included in the Msg 3 1313, the base station will address the UE on the PDCCH using the C-RNTI. If the UE's unique C-RNTI is detected on the PDCCH, the random access procedure is determined to be successfully completed. If a TC-RNTI is included in the Msg 3 1313 (e.g., if the UE is in an RRCJDLE state or not otherwise connected to the base station), Msg 4 1314 will be received using a DL-SCH associated with the TC-RNTI. If a MAC PDU is successfully decoded and a MAC PDU comprises the UE contention resolution identity MAC CE that matches or otherwise corresponds with the CCCH SDU sent (e.g., transmitted) in Msg 3 1313, the UE may determine that the contention resolution is successful and / or the UE may determine that the random access procedure is successfully completed.

[0188] The UE may be configured with a supplementary uplink (SUL) carrier and a normal uplink (NUL) carrier. An initial access (e.g., random access procedure) may be supported in an uplink carrier. For example, a base station may configure the UE with two separate RACH configurations: one for an SUL carrier and the other for an NUL carrier. For random access in a cell configured with an SUL carrier, the network may indicate which carrier to use (NUL or SUL). The UE may determine the SUL carrier, for example, if a measured quality of one or more reference signals is lower than a broadcast threshold. Uplink transmissions of the random access procedure (e.g., the Msg 1 1311 and / or the Msg 3 1313) may remain on the selected carrier. The UE may switch an uplink carrier during the random access procedure (e.g., between the Msg 1 1311 and the Msg 3 1313) in one or more cases. For example, the UE may determine and / or switch an uplink carrier for the Msg 1 1311 and / or the Msg 3 1313 based on a channel clear assessment (e.g., a listen-before-talk).

[0189] FIG. 13B illustrates a two-step contention-free random access procedure. Similar to the four-step contention-based random access procedure illustrated in FIG. 13A, a base station may, prior to initiation ofDocket No.: 25-1008PCTthe procedure, transmit a configuration message 1320 to the UE. The configuration message 1320 may be analogous in some respects to the configuration message 1310. The procedure illustrated in FIG. 13B comprises transmission of two messages: a Msg 1 1321 and a Msg 2 1322. The Msg 1 1321 and the Msg 2 1322 may be analogous in some respects to the Msg 1 1311 and a Msg 2 1312 illustrated in FIG. 13A, respectively. As will be understood from FIGS. 13A and 13B, the contention-free random access procedure may not include messages analogous to the Msg 3 1313 and / or the Msg 4 1314.

[0190] The contention-free random access procedure illustrated in FIG. 13B may be initiated for a beam failure recovery, other SI request, SCell addition, and / or handover. For example, a base station may indicate or assign to the UE the preamble to be used for the Msg 1 1321 . The UE may receive, from the base station via PDCCH and / or RRC, an indication of a preamble (e g., ra-Preamblelndex).

[0191] After transmitting a preamble, the UE may start a time window (e.g., ra-ResponseWindow) to monitor a PDCCH for the RAR. In the event of a beam failure recovery request, the base station may configure the UE with a separate time window and / or a separate PDCCH in a search space indicated by an RRC message (e.g., recovery SearchSpaceld). The UE may monitor for a PDCCH transmission addressed to a Cell RNTI (C-RNTI) on the search space. In the con tent! on -free random access procedure illustrated in FIG. 13B, the UE may determine that a random access procedure successfully completes after or in response to transmission of Msg 1 1321 and reception of a corresponding Msg 2 1322. The UE may determine that a random access procedure successfully completes, for example, if a PDCCH transmission is addressed to a C-RNTI. The UE may determine that a random access procedure successfully completes, for example, if the UE receives an RAR comprising a preamble identifier corresponding to a preamble transmitted by the UE and / or the RAR comprises a MAC sub-PDU with the preamble identifier. The UE may determine the response as an indication of an acknowledgement for an SI request.

[0192] FIG. 13C illustrates another two-step random access procedure. Similar to the random access procedures illustrated in FIGS. 13A and 13B, a base station may, prior to initiation of the procedure, transmit a configuration message 1330 to the UE. The configuration message 1330 may be analogous in some respects to the configuration message 1310 and / or the configuration message 1320. The procedure illustrated in FIG. 13C comprises transmission of two messages: a Msg A 1331 and a Msg B 1332.

[0193] Msg A 1331 may be transmitted in an uplink transmission by the UE. Msg A 1331 may comprise one or more transmissions of a preamble 1341 and / or one or more transmissions of a transport block 1342. The transport block 1342 may comprise contents that are similar and / or equivalent to the contents of the Msg 3 1313 illustrated in FIG. 13A. The transport block 1342 may comprise UCI (e.g., an SR, a HARQ ACK / NACK, and / or the like). The UE may receive the Msg B 1332 after or in response to transmitting the Msg A 1331. The Msg B 1332 may comprise contents that are similar and / or equivalent to the contents ofDocket No.: 25-1008PCTthe Msg 2 1312 (e.g., an RAR) illustrated in FIGS. 13A and 13B and / or the Msg 4 1314 illustrated in FIG.13A.

[0194] The UE may initiate the two-step random access procedure in FIG. 13C for licensed spectrum and / or unlicensed spectrum. The UE may determine, based on one or more factors, whether to initiate the two-step random access procedure. The one or more factors may be: a radio access technology in use (e.g., LTE, NR, and / or the like); whether the UE has valid TA or not; a cell size; the UE's RRC state; a type of spectrum (e.g., licensed vs. unlicensed); and / or any other suitable factors.

[0195] The UE may determine, based on two-step RACH parameters included in the configuration message 1330, a radio resource and / or an uplink transmit power for the preamble 1341 and / or the transport block 1342 included in the Msg A 1331. The RACH parameters may indicate a modulation and coding schemes (MCS), a time-frequency resource, and / or a power control for the preamble 1341 and / or the transport block 1342. A time-frequency resource for transmission of the preamble 1341 (e.g., a PRACH) and a time-frequency resource for transmission of the transport block 1342 (e.g., a PUSCH) may be multiplexed using FDM, TDM, and / or CDM. The RACH parameters may enable the UE to determine a reception timing and a downlink channel for monitoring for and / or receiving Msg B 1332.

[0196] The transport block 1342 may comprise data (e.g., delay-sensitive data), an identifier of the UE, security information, and / or device information (e.g., an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)). The base station may transmit the Msg B 1332 as a response to the Msg A 1331. The Msg B 1332 may comprise at least one of following: a preamble identifier; a timing advance command; a power control command; an uplink grant (e.g., a radio resource assignment and / or an MCS); a UE identifier for contention resolution; and / or an RNTI (e.g., a C-RNTI or a TC-RNTI). The UE may determine that the two-step random access procedure is successfully completed if: a preamble identifier in the Msg B 1332 is matched to a preamble transmitted by the UE; and / or the identifier of the UE in Msg B 1332 is matched to the identifier of the UE in the Msg A 1331 (e.g., the transport block 1342).

[0197] A UE and a base station may exchange control signaling. The control signaling may be referred to as L1 / L2 control signaling and may originate from the PHY layer (e.g., layer 1) and / or the MAC layer (e.g., layer 2). The control signaling may comprise downlink control signaling transmitted from the base station to the UE and / or uplink control signaling transmitted from the UE to the base station.

[0198] The downlink control signaling may comprise: a downlink scheduling assignment; an uplink scheduling grant indicating uplink radio resources and / or a transport format; a slot format information; a preemption indication; a power control command; and / or any other suitable signaling. The UE may receive the downlink control signaling in a payload transmitted by the base station on a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). The payload transmitted on the PDCCH may be referred to as downlink controlDocket No.: 25-1008PCTinformation (DCI). In some scenarios, the PDCCH may be a group common PDCCH (GC-PDCCH) that is common to a group of UEs.

[0199] A base station may attach one or more cyclic redundancy check (CRC) parity bits to a DCI in order to facilitate detection of transmission errors. When the DCI is intended for a UE (or a group of the UEs), the base station may scramble the CRC parity bits with an identifier of the UE (or an identifier of the group of the UEs). Scrambling the CRC parity bits with the identifier may comprise Modulo-2 addition (or an exclusive OR operation) of the identifier value and the CRC parity bits. The identifier may comprise a 16-bit value of a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI).

[0200] DCIs may be used for different purposes. A purpose may be indicated by the type of RNTI used to scramble the CRC parity bits. For example, a DCI having CRC parity bits scrambled with a paging RNTI (P-RNTI) may indicate paging information and / or a system information change notification. The P-RNTI may be predefined as “FFFE” in hexadecimal. A DCI having CRC parity bits scrambled with a system information RNTI (SI-RNTI) may indicate a broadcast transmission of the system information. The SI-RNTI may be predefined as "FFFF” in hexadecimal. A DCI having CRC parity bits scrambled with a random access RNTI (RA-RNTI) may indicate a random access response (RAR) A DCI having CRC parity bits scrambled with a cell RNTI (C-RNTI) may indicate a dynamically scheduled unicast transmission and / or a triggering of PDCCH-ordered random access. A DCI having CRC parity bits scrambled with a temporary cell RNTI (TC-RNTI) may indicate a contention resolution (e.g. , a Msg 3 analogous to the Msg 3 1313 illustrated in FIG. 13A). Other RNTIs configured to the UE by a base station may comprise a Configured Scheduling RNTI (CS-RNTI), a Transmit Power Control-PUCCH RNTI (TPC-PUCCH-RNTI), a Transmit Power Control-PUSCH RNTI (TPC-PUSCH-RNTI), a Transmit Power Control-SRS RNTI (TPC-SRS-RNTI), an Interruption RNTI (INT-RNTI), a Slot Format Indication RNTI (SFI-RNTI), a Semi-Persistent CSI RNTI (SP-CSI-RNTI), a Modulation and Coding Scheme Cell RNTI (MCS-C-RNTI), and / or the like.

[0201] Depending on the purpose and / or content of a DCI, the base station may transmit the DCIs with one or more DCI formats. For example, DCI format 0_0 may be used for scheduling of PUSCH in a cell. DCI format 0_0 may be a fallback DCI format (e.g., with compact DCI payloads). DCI format 0_1 may be used for scheduling of PUSCH in a cell (e.g., with more DCI payloads than DCI format 0_0). DCI format 1_0 may be used for scheduling of PDSCH in a cell. DCI format 1_0 may be a fallback DCI format (e.g., with compact DCI payloads). DCI format 1_1 may be used for scheduling of PDSCH in a cell (e.g., with more DCI payloads than DCI format 1 _0) . DCI format 2_0 may be used for providing a slot format indication to a group of UEs. DCI format 2_1 may be used for notifying a group of UEs of a physical resource block and / or OFDM symbol where the UE may assume no transmission is intended to the UE. DCI format 2_2 may be used for transmission of a transmit power control (TPC) command for PUCCH or PUSCH. DCI format 2_3 may be used for transmission of a group of TPC commands for SRSDocket No.: 25-1008PCTtransmissions by one or more UEs. DCI format(s) for new functions may be defined in future releases. DCI formats may have different DCI sizes, or may share the same DCI size.

[0202] After scrambling a DCI with a RNTI, the base station may process the DCI with channel coding (e.g . , polar coding), rate matching, scrambling and / or QPSK modulation. A base station may map the coded and modulated DCI on resource elements used and / or configured for a PDCCH. Based on a payload size of the DCI and / or a coverage of the base station, the base station may transmit the DCI via a PDCCH occupying a number of contiguous control channel elements (CCEs). The number of the contiguous CCEs (referred to as aggregation level) may be 1 , 2, 4, 8, 16, and / or any other suitable number. A CCE may comprise a number (e.g., 6) of resource-element groups (REGs). A REG may comprise a resource block in an OFDM symbol. The mapping of the coded and modulated DCI on the resource elements may be based on mapping of CCEs and REGs (e.g., CCE-to-REG mapping).

[0203] FIG. 14A illustrates an example of CORESET configurations for a bandwidth part. The base station may transmit a DCI via a PDCCH on one or more control resource sets (CORESETs). A CORESET may comprise a time-frequency resource in which the UE tries to decode a DCI using one or more search spaces. The base station may configure a CORESET in the time-frequency domain. In the example of FIG.14A, a first CORESET 1401 and a second CORESET 1402 occur at the first symbol in a slot. The first CORESET 1401 overlaps with the second CORESET 1402 in the frequency domain. A third CORESET 1403 occurs at a third symbol in the slot. A fourth CORESET 1404 occurs at the seventh symbol in the slot. CORESETs may have a different number of resource blocks in frequency domain.

[0204] FIG. 14B illustrates an example of a CCE-to-REG mapping for DCI transmission on a CORESET and PDCCH processing. The CCE-to-REG mapping may be an interleaved mapping (e.g., for the purpose of providing frequency diversity) or a non-interleaved mapping (e.g., for the purposes of facilitating interference coordination and / or frequency-selective transmission of control channels). The base station may perform different or same CCE-to-REG mapping on different CORESETs. A CORESET may be associated with a CCE-to-REG mapping by RRC configuration. A CORESET may be configured with an antenna port quasi co-location (QCL) parameter. The antenna port QCL parameter may indicate QCL information of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for PDCCH reception in the CORESET.

[0205] The base station may transmit, to the UE, RRC messages comprising configuration parameters of one or more CORESETs and one or more search space sets. The configuration parameters may indicate an association between a search space set and a CORESET. A search space set may comprise a set of PDCCH candidates formed by CCEs at a given aggregation level. The configuration parameters may indicate: a number of PDCCH candidates to be monitored per aggregation level; a PDCCH monitoring periodicity and a PDCCH monitoring pattern; one or more DCI formats to be monitored by the UE; and / or whether a search space set is a common search space set or a UE-specific search space set. A set ofDocket No.: 25-1008PCTCCEs in the common search space set may be predefined and known to the UE. A set of CCEs in the UE-specific search space set may be configured based on the UE's identity (e.g C-RNTI).

[0206] As shown in FIG. 14B, the UE may determine a time-frequency resource for a CORESET based on RRC messages. The UE may determine a CCE-to-REG mapping (e.g., interleaved or non-interleaved, and / or mapping parameters) for the CORESET based on configuration parameters of the CORESET. The UE may determine a number (e.g., at most 10) of search space sets configured on the CORESET based on the RRC messages. The UE may monitor a set of PDCCH candidates according to configuration parameters of a search space set. The UE may monitor a set of PDCCH candidates in one or more CORESETs for detecting one or more DCIs. Monitoring may comprise decoding one or more PDCCH candidates of the set of the PDCCH candidates according to the monitored DCI formats. Monitoring may comprise decoding a DCI content of one or more PDCCH candidates with possible (or configured) PDCCH locations, possible (or configured) PDCCH formats (e.g., number of CCEs, number of PDCCH candidates in common search spaces, and / or number of PDCCH candidates in the UE-specific search spaces) and possible (or configured) DCI formats. The decoding may be referred to as blind decoding. The UE may determine a DCI as valid for the UE, in response to CRC checking (e.g., scrambled bits for CRC parity bits of the DCI matching a RNTI value). The UE may process information contained in the DCI (e.g., a scheduling assignment, an uplink grant, power control, a slot format indication, a downlink preemption, and / or the like).

[0207] The UE may transmit uplink control signaling (e.g., uplink control information (UCI)) to a base station. The uplink control signaling may comprise hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgements for received DL-SCH transport blocks. The UE may transmit the HARQ acknowledgements after receiving a DL-SCH transport block. Uplink control signaling may comprise channel state information (CSI) indicating channel quality of a physical downlink channel. The UE may transmit the CSI to the base station. The base station, based on the received CSI, may determine transmission format parameters (e.g., comprising multi-antenna and beamforming schemes) for a downlink transmission. Uplink control signaling may comprise scheduling requests (SR). The UE may transmit an SR indicating that uplink data is available for transmission to the base station. The UE may transmit a UCI (e.g , HARQ acknowledgements (HARQ-ACK), CSI report, SR, and the like) via a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The UE may transmit the uplink control signaling via a PUCCH using one of several PUCCH formats.

[0208] There may be five PUCCH formats and the UE may determine a PUCCH format based on a size of the UCI (e.g., a number of uplink symbols of UCI transmission and a number of UCI bits). PUCCH format 0 may have a length of one or two OFDM symbols and may include two or fewer bits. The UE may transmit UCI in a PUCCH resource using PUCCH format 0 if the transmission is over one or two symbols and theDocket No.: 25-1008PCTnumber of HARQ-ACK information bits with positive or negative SR (HARQ-ACK / SR bits) is one or two. PUCCH format 1 may occupy a number between four and fourteen OFDM symbols and may include two or fewer bits. The UE may use PUCCH format 1 if the transmission is four or more symbols and the number of HARQ-ACK / SR bits is one or two. PUCCH format 2 may occupy one or two OFDM symbols and may include more than two bits. The UE may use PUCCH format 2 if the transmission is over one or two symbols and the number of UCI bits is two or more. PUCCH format 3 may occupy a number between four and fourteen OFDM symbols and may include more than two bits. The UE may use PUCCH format 3 if the transmission is four or more symbols, the number of UCI bits is two or more and PUCCH resource does not include an orthogonal cover code. PUCCH format 4 may occupy a number between four and fourteen OFDM symbols and may include more than two bits. The UE may use PUCCH format 4 if the transmission is four or more symbols, the number of UCI bits is two or more and the PUCCH resource includes an orthogonal cover code.

[0209] The base station may transmit configuration parameters to the UE for a plurality of PUCCH resource sets using, for example, an RRC message. The plurality of PUCCH resource sets (e.g ., up to four sets) may be configured on an uplink BWP of a cell. A PUCCH resource set may be configured with a PUCCH resource set index, a plurality of PUCCH resources with a PUCCH resource being identified by a PUCCH resource identifier (e.g., pucch-Resourceid), and / or a number (e.g., a maximum number) of UCI information bits the UE may transmit using one of the plurality of PUCCH resources in the PUCCH resource set When configured with a plurality of PUCCH resource sets, the UE may select one of the plurality of PUCCH resource sets based on a total bit length of the UCI information bits (e.g., HARQ-ACK, SR, and / or CSI). If the total bit length of UCI information bits is two or fewer, the UE may select a first PUCCH resource set having a PUCCH resource set index equal to “0’’. If the total bit length of UCI information bits is greater than two and less than or equal to a first configured value, the UE may select a second PUCCH resource set having a PUCCH resource set index equal to "1”. If the total bit length of UCI information bits is greater than the first configured value and less than or equal to a second configured value, the UE may select a third PUCCH resource set having a PUCCH resource set index equal to “2”. If the total bit length of UCI information bits is greater than the second configured value and less than or equal to a third value (e.g., 1406), the UE may select a fourth PUCCH resource set having a PUCCH resource set index equal to “3”.

[0210] After determining a PUCCH resource set from a plurality of PUCCH resource sets, the UE may determine a PUCCH resource from the PUCCH resource set for UCI (HARQ-ACK, CSI, and / or SR) transmission. The UE may determine the PUCCH resource based on a PUCCH resource indicator in a DCI (e.g , with a DCI format 1_0 or DCI for 1_1) received on a PDCCH. A three-bit PUCCH resource indicator in the DCI may indicate one of eight PUCCH resources in the PUCCH resource set. Based on the PUCCHDocket No.: 25-1008PCTresource indicator, the UE may transmit the UCI (HARQ-ACK, CSI and / or SR) using a PUCCH resource indicated by the PUCCH resource indicator in the DCI.

[0211] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a wireless device 1502 in communication with a base station 1504 in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. The wireless device 1502 and base station 1504 may be part of a mobile communication network, such as the mobile communication network 100 illustrated in FIG. 1A, the mobile communication network 150 illustrated in FIG. 1B, or any other communication network. Only one wireless device 1502 and one base station 1504 are illustrated in FIG.15, but it will be understood that a mobile communication network may include more than one UE and / or more than one base station, with the same or similar configuration as those shown in FIG. 15.

[0212] The base station 1504 may connect the wireless device 1502 to a core network (not shown) through radio communications over the air interface (or radio interface) 1506. The communication direction from the base station 1504 to the wireless device 1502 over the air interface 1506 is known as the downlink, and the communication direction from the wireless device 1502 to the base station 1504 over the air interface is known as the uplink. Downlink transmissions may be separated from uplink transmissions using FDD, TDD, and / or some combination of the two duplexing techniques.

[0213] In the downlink, data to be sent to the wireless device 1502 from the base station 1504 may be provided to the processing system 1508 of the base station 1504. The data may be provided to the processing system 1508 by, for example, a core network. In the uplink, data to be sent to the base station 1504 from the wireless device 1502 may be provided to the processing system 1518 of the wireless device 1502. The processing system 1508 and the processing system 1518 may implement layer 3 and layer 2 OSI functionality to process the data for transmission. Layer 2 may include an SDAP layer, a PDCP layer, an RLC layer, and a MAC layer, for example, with respect to FIG. 2A, FIG. 2B, FIG. 3, and FIG. 4A. Layer 3 may include an RRC layer as with respect to FIG. 2B.

[0214] After being processed by processing system 1508, the data to be sent to the wireless device 1502 may be provided to a transmission processing system 1510 of base station 1504. Similarly, after being processed by the processing system 1518, the data to be sent to base station 1504 may be provided to a transmission processing system 1520 of the wireless device 1502. The transmission processing system 1510 and the transmission processing system 1520 may implement layer 1 OSI functionality. Layer 1 may include a PHY layer with respect to FIG. 2A, FIG. 2B, FIG. 3, and FIG. 4A. For transmit processing, the PHY layer may perform, for example, forward error correction coding of transport channels, interleaving, rate matching, mapping of transport channels to physical channels, modulation of physical channel, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) or multi-antenna processing, and / or the like.

[0215] At the base station 1504, a reception processing system 1512 may receive the uplink transmission from the wireless device 1502. At the wireless device 1502, a reception processing system 1522 mayDocket No.: 25-1008PCTreceive the downlink transmission from base station 1504. The reception processing system 1512 and the reception processing system 1522 may implement layer 1 OSI functionality. Layer 1 may include a PHY layer with respect to FIG. 2A, FIG. 2B, FIG. 3, and FIG. 4A. For receive processing, the PHY layer may perform, for example, error detection, forward error correction decoding, deinterleaving, demapping of transport channels to physical channels, demodulation of physical channels, MIMO or multi-antenna processing, and / or the like.

[0216] As shown in FIG. 15, a wireless device 1502 and the base station 1504 may include multiple antennas. The multiple antennas may be used to perform one or more MIMO or multi-antenna techniques, such as spatial multiplexing (e.g., single-user MIMO or multi-user MIMO), transmit / receive diversity, and / or beamforming. In other examples, the wireless device 1502 and / or the base station 1504 may have a single antenna.

[0217] The processing system 1508 and the processing system 1518 may be associated with a memory 1514 and a memory 1524, respectively. Memory 1514 and memory 1524 (e.g., one or more non-transitory computer readable mediums) may store computer program instructions or code that may be executed by the processing system 1508 and / or the processing system 1518 to carry out one or more of the functionalities discussed in the present application. Although not shown in FIG. 15, the transmission processing system 1510, the transmission processing system 1520, the reception processing system 1512, and / or the reception processing system 1522 may be coupled to a memory (e.g., one or more non-transitory computer readable mediums) storing computer program instructions or code that may be executed to carry out one or more of their respective functionalities.

[0218] The processing system 1508 and / or the processing system 1518 may comprise one or more controllers and / or one or more processors. The one or more controllers and / or one or more processors may comprise, for example, a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a microcontroller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) and / or other programmable logic device, discrete gate and / or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, an onboard unit, or any combination thereof. The processing system 1508 and / or the processing system 1518 may perform at least one of signal coding / processing, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that may enable the wireless device 1502 and the base station 1504 to operate in a wireless environment.

[0219] The processing system 1508 and / or the processing system 1518 may be connected to one or more peripherals 1516 and one or more peripherals 1526, respectively. The one or more peripherals 1516 and the one or more peripherals 1526 may include software and / or hardware that provide features and / or functionalities, for example, a speaker, a microphone, a keypad, a display, a touchpad, a power source, a satellite transceiver, a universal serial bus (USB) port, a hands-free headset, a frequency modulated (FM)Docket No.: 25-1008PCTradio unit, a media player, an Internet browser, an electronic control unit (e.g., for a motor vehicle), and / or one or more sensors (e.g., an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a temperature sensor, a radar sensor, a lidar sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a light sensor, a camera, and / or the like). The processing system 1508 and / or the processing system 1518 may receive user input data from and / or provide user output data to the one or more peripherals 1516 and / or the one or more peripherals 1526. The processing system 1518 in the wireless device 1502 may receive power from a power source and / or may be configured to distribute the power to the other components in the wireless device 1502. The power source may comprise one or more sources of power, for example, a battery, a solar cell, a fuel cell, or any combination thereof. The processing system 1508 and / or the processing system 1518 may be connected to a GPS chipset 1517 and a GPS chipset 1527, respectively. The GPS chipset 1517 and the GPS chipset 1527 may be configured to provide geographic location information of the wireless device 1502 and the base station 1504, respectively.

[0220] FIG. 16A illustrates an example structure for uplink transmission. A baseband signal representing a physical uplink shared channel may perform one or more functions. The one or more functions may comprise at least one of: scrambling; modulation of scrambled bits to generate complex-valued symbols; mapping of the complex-valued modulation symbols onto one or several transmission layers; transform precoding to generate complex-valued symbols; precoding of the complex-valued symbols; mapping of precoded complex-valued symbols to resource elements; generation of complex-valued time-domain Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) or CP-OFDM signal for an antenna port; and / or the like. In an example, when transform precoding is enabled, a SC-FDMA signal for uplink transmission may be generated. In an example, when transform precoding is not enabled, a CP-OFDM signal for uplink transmission may be generated by FIG. 16A. These functions are illustrated as examples and it is anticipated that other mechanisms may be implemented in various embodiments.

[0221] FIG. 16B illustrates an example structure for modulation and up-conversion of a baseband signal to a carrier frequency. The baseband signal may be a complex-valued SC-FDMA or CP-OFDM baseband signal for an antenna port and / or a complex-valued Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) baseband signal. Filtering may be employed prior to transmission.

[0222] FIG. 16C illustrates an example structure for downlink transmissions A baseband signal representing a physical downlink channel may perform one or more functions. The one or more functions may comprise: scrambling of coded bits in a codeword to be transmitted on a physical channel; modulation of scrambled bits to generate complex-valued modulation symbols; mapping of the complex-valued modulation symbols onto one or several transmission layers; precoding of the complex-valued modulation symbols on a layer for transmission on the antenna ports; mapping of complex-valued modulation symbols for an antenna port to resource elements; generation of complex-valued time-domain OFDM signal for anDocket No.: 25-1008PCTantenna port; and / or the like. These functions are illustrated as examples and it is anticipated that other mechanisms may be implemented in various embodiments.

[0223] FIG. 16D illustrates another example structure for modulation and up-conversion of a baseband signal to a carrier frequency. The baseband signal may be a complex-valued OFDM baseband signal for an antenna port. Filtering may be employed prior to transmission.

[0224] A wireless device may receive from a base station one or more messages (e.g., RRC messages) comprising configuration parameters of a plurality of cells (e.g., primary cell, secondary cell). The wireless device may communicate with at least one base station (e.g., two or more base stations in dual connectivity) via the plurality of cells. The one or more messages (e.g., as a part of the configuration parameters) may comprise parameters of physical, MAC, RLC, PCDP, SDAP, RRC layers for configuring the wireless device. For example, the configuration parameters may comprise parameters for configuring physical and MAC layer channels, bearers, etc. For example, the configuration parameters may comprise parameters indicating values of timers for physical, MAC, RLC, PCDP, SDAP, RRC layers, and / or communication channels.

[0225] A timer may begin running once it is started and continue running until it is stopped or until it expires. A timer may be started if it is not running or restarted if it is running. A timer may be associated with a value (e.g., the timer may be started or restarted from a value or may be started from zero and expire once it reaches the value). The duration of a timer may not be updated until the timer is stopped or expires (e.g., due to BWP switching). A timer may be used to measure a time period / window for a process. When the specification refers to an implementation and procedure related to one or more timers, it will be understood that there are multiple ways to implement the one or more timers. For example, it will be understood that one or more of the multiple ways to implement a timer may be used to measure a time period / window for the procedure. For example, a random access response window timer may be used for measuring a window of time for receiving a random access response. In an example, instead of starting and expiry (or expiration) of a random access response window timer, the time difference between two time stamps may be used. When a timer is restarted, a process for measurement of time window may be restarted. Other example implementations may be provided to restart a measurement of a time window.

[0226] A base station (BS) may transmit one or more MAC PDUs to a wireless device (WD). In an example, a MAC PDU may be a bit string that is byte aligned (e.g., aligned to a multiple of eight bits) in length. In an example, bit strings may be represented by a table in which the most significant bit is the leftmost bit of the first line of the table. In the example, the least significant bit is the rightmost bit on the last line of the table. More generally, the bit string may be read from left to right and then in the reading order of the lines.Docket No.: 25-1008PCT

[0227] In an example, the bit order of a parameter field within a MAC PDU is represented with the first and most significant bit in the leftmost bit. In the example, the last and least significant bit in the rightmost bit.

[0228] In an example, a MAC SDU may be a bit string that is byte aligned (e.g., aligned to a multiple of eight bits) in length. In an example, a MAC SDU may be included in a MAC PDU from the first bit onward. A MAC CE may be a bit string that is byte aligned (e.g., aligned to a multiple of eight bits) in length. A MAC subheader may be a bit string that is byte aligned (e.g., aligned to a multiple of eight bits) in length. In an example, a MAC subheader may be placed immediately in front of a corresponding MAC SDU, MAC CE, or padding. A MAC entity may ignore the value of reserved bits in a DL MAC PDU.

[0229] In an example, a MAC PDU may comprise one or more MAC subPDUs. A MAC subPDU of the one or more MAC subPDUs may comprise a MAC subheader only (including padding). A MAC subPDU of the one or more MAC subPDUs may comprise a MAC subheader and a MAC SDU. A MAC subPDU of the one or more MAC subPDUs may comprise a MAC subheader and a MAC CE. A MAC subPDU of the one or more MAC subPDUs may comprise a MAC subheader and padding, or a combination thereof. The MAC SDU may be of variable size.

[0230] In an example, a MAC subheader may correspond to a MAC SDU, a MAC CE, or padding. A MAC subheader may correspond to a MAC SDU, a variable-sized MAC CE, or padding. Under these conditions, the MAC subheader may comprise an R field with a one-bit length. The MAC subheader may comprise an F field with a one-bit length. The MAC subheader may comprise an LCID field with a multi-bit length. The MAC subheader may comprise an L field with a multi-bit length, or a combination thereof.

[0231] FIG. 17A illustrates an example of a MAC subheader as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0232] In the example of FIG. 17A, The MAC subheader comprises an R field, an F field, an LCID field, and an L field. In the example MAC subheader of FIG. 17A, the LCID field may be six bits in length. The L field may be eight bits in length.

[0233] FIG. 17B illustrates an example of a MAC subheader as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0234] In the example of FIG. 17B, the MAC subheader comprises an R field, an F field, an LCID field, and an L field. In the example MAC subheader shown in FIG. 17B, the LCID field may be six bits in length. The L field may be sixteen bits in length. In case a MAC subheader corresponds to a fixed sized MAC CE or padding, the MAC subheader may comprise an R field with a two-bit length. The MAC subheader may comprise an LCID field with a multi-bit length.

[0235] FIG. 17C illustrates an example of a MAC subheader as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.Docket No.: 25-1008PCT

[0236] In the example of FIG. 17C, the MAC subheader comprises an R field and an LCID field. In the example MAC subheader shown in FIG. 17C, the LCID field may be six bits in length. The R field may be two bits in length.

[0237] FIG. 18A illustrates an example of a DL MAC PDU as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0238] In the example of FIG. 18A, multiple MAC CEs, such as MAC CE 1 and 2, may be placed together. A MAC subPDU, comprising a MAC CE, may be placed before a MAC subPDU comprising a MAC SDU. A MAC subPDU, comprising a MAC CE, may be placed before a MAC subPDU comprising padding.

[0239] FIG. 18B illustrates an example of a UL MAC PDU as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0240] In the example of FIG. 18B, multiple MAC CEs, such as MAC CE 1 and 2, may be placed together. In an embodiment, a MAC subPDU comprising a MAC CE may be placed after all MAC subPDUs comprising a MAC SDU. In addition, the MAC subPDU may be placed before a MAC subPDU comprising padding.

[0241] In an example, a MAC entity of a BS may transmit one or more MAC CEs to a MAC entity of a WD. The one or more MAC CEs may comprise a SP ZP CSI-RS Resource Set Activation / Deacti vation MAC CE. The one or more MAC CEs may comprise a PUCCH spatial relation Activation / Deacti vation MAC CE. The one or more MAC CEs may comprise a SP SRS Activation / Deacti vation MAC CE. The one or more MAC CEs may comprise a SP CSI reporting on PUCCH Activation / Deactivation MAC CE.

[0242] In an example, the one or more MAC CEs may comprise a TCI State Indication for UE-specific PDCCH MAC CE. The one or more MAC CEs may comprise a TCI State Indication for UE-specific PDSCH MAC CE. The one or more MAC CEs may comprise an Aperiodic CSI Trigger State Subselection MAC CE. The one or more MAC CEs may comprise a SP CSI-RS / CSI-IM Resource Set Activation / Deactivation MAC CE. The one or more MAC CEs may comprise a WD contention resolution identity MAC CE, a timing advance command MAC CE. The one or more MAC CEs may comprise a DRX command MAC CE.

[0243] In an example, the one or more MAC CEs may comprise a Long DRX command MAC CE. The one or more MAC CEs may comprise an SCell activation / deactivation MAC CE (1 Octet). The one or more MAC CEs may comprise an SCell activation / deactivation MAC CE (4 Octet) and / or a duplication activation / deactivation MAC CE.

[0244] FIG. 19 illustrates an example of multiple LCIDs as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0245] In the example of FIG. 19, multiple LCIDs may be associated with one or more MAC CEs.

[0246] In an example, a MAC CE, such as a MAC CE transmitted by a MAC entity of a BS to a MAC entity of a WD, may have an LCID in the MAC subheader corresponding to the MAC CE. Different MAC CE mayDocket No.: 25-1008PCThave different LCID in the MAC subheader corresponding to the MAC CE. For example, an LCID given by 111011 in a MAC subheader may indicate that a MAC CE associated with the MAC subheader is a long DRX command MAC CE.

[0247] In an example, the MAC entity of the WD may transmit to the MAC entity of the BS the one or more MAC CEs.

[0248] FIG. 20 illustrates an example of one or more MAC CEs as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0249] The one or more MAC CEs may comprise a short buffer status report (BSR) MAC CE. The one or more MAC CEs may comprise a beam failure recovery (BFR) MAC CE. The one or more MAC CEs may comprise a truncated BFR MAC CE. The one or more MAC CEs may comprise a truncated enhanced BFR MAC CE.

[0250] In an example, the one or more MAC CEs may comprise a long BSR MAC CE. The one or more MAC CEs may comprise a C-RNTI MAC CE. The one or more MAC CEs may comprise a configured grant confirmation MAC CE. The one or more MAC CEs may comprise a single entry PHR MAC CE. The one or more MAC CEs may comprise a multiple entry PHR MAC CE. The one or more MAC CEs may comprise a short truncated BSR. The one or more MAC CEs may comprise and / or a long truncated BSR.

[0251] In an example, a MAC CE may have an LCID in the MAC subheader corresponding to the MAC CE. Different MAC CE may have different LCID in the MAC subheader corresponding to the MAC CE. For example, an LCID given by 43 in a MAC subheader may indicate that a MAC CE associated with the MAC subheader is a truncated enhanced BFR MAC CE.

[0252] FIG. 21 illustrates an example of beam prediction as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0253] In the example of FIG. 21, a base station (BS) may be equipped with a transmission reception point (TRP) (e.g., TRP 1) The BS may transmit (Tx) a reference signal (RS) via / using a Tx beam (or spatial domain transmission / transmit filter). The RS may be a respective RS of a plurality of RSs. The Tx beam may be a Tx beam of a plurality of Tx beams. Each Tx beam may be towards a different spatial direction. The BS may transmit each RS of the plurality of RSs over respective radio resources. The respective radio resources may be in respective time and / or frequency. The RS may be an SSB, an CSI-RS and the like.

[0254] In the example of FIG. 21, a wireless device may be equipped with an antenna panel (e.g., antenna panel 1). The wireless device may receive (Rx) the respective RS via / using a Rx beam (or spatial domain reception / receive filter). The Rx beam may be a Rx beam of a plurality of Rx beams. Each Rx beam of the plurality of Rx beams may be towards a different spatial direction. The wireless device may determine a radio link quality of the respective RS based on measuring the respective RS via / using an RxDocket No.: 25-1008PCTbeam of the plurality of Rx beams. For example, a radio link quality may be L1-RSRP, L1-SINR, RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, SNR, SINR, BLER and the like.

[0255] In the example of FIG. 21, the BS and the wireless device may use beam management procedures (e.g . , P1 / P2 / P3) to align a best RS (transmitted via / using a best Tx beam) and a best Rx beam. The wireless device may firstly determine a respective best Rx beam for receiving each RS of the plurality of RSs. The wireless device may determine the respective best Rx beam for an RS based on measured radio link qualities of the RS via / using each Rx beam of the plurality of Rx beams. The wireless device may determine the respective best Rx beam for the RS that results in a best measured radio link quality for measuring the RS.

[0256] In the example of FIG. 21 , the wireless device may determine an RS having a better measured radio link quality if the radio link quality, e.g., L1-RSRP, has a higher / stronger / larger value. The wireless device may determine an RS having a best measured radio link quality if the radio link quality, e.g., L1-RSRP, has a highest / strongest / largest value.

[0257] In the example of FIG. 21 , the wireless device may secondly determine the best RS based on the measured radio link quality of each RS via / using the respective best Rx beam. The wireless device may determine the best RS, as an RS of the plurality of RSs, that has the best measured radio link quality. The wireless device may determine the best Rx beam as the respective best Rx beam for the best RS. The wireless device may determine top k RSs. For example, the wireless device may determine top k RSs (e.g., 1 / 2 / 4) as RSs that have measured radio link qualities ranked as top k among the plurality of RSs. The measured radio link qualities of the plurality of RSs may be ranked from the highest / strongest / largest (top 1) to lowest / weakest / smallest (last one).

[0258] In the example of FIG. 21 , the wireless device may transmit a channel state information (CSI) report comprising radio link qualities of the top k RSs. The CSI report may comprise a respective RS resource indicator (e.g., CSI-RS resource indicator or SSB resource indicator) for each RS of the top k RSs. The BS may receive the CSI report. The BS may, based on the received CSI report, determine a Tx beam to transmit downlink signals (e.g., PDCCH / PDSCH). For example, the BS may may determine the Tx beam as the Tx beam to transmit the RS, indicated by the RS resource indicator, having the best measured radio link quality.

[0259] In the example of FIG. 21 , the BS may indicate the Tx beam to transmit the downlink signals via / using a transmission configuration indicator (T Cl) state. The TCI state may comprise one or more quasicollocation (QCL) source RSs. A QCL source RS of the one or more QCL source RSs may be an RS indicated by an RS resource indicator having the best measured radio link quality among the plurality of RSs. A QCL source RS of the one or more QCL source RSs may be an RS QCL-ed with the RS indicated by the RS resource indicator having the best measured radio link quality among the plurality of RSs. TheDocket No.: 25-1008PCTTCI state may indicate that the downlink signals are QCL-ed with a first QCL source RS with 'QCL-TypeD', e.g., Spatial Rx Parameters or Rx beam. The TCI state may indicate that the downlink signals are QCL-ed with a second QCL source RS with 'QCL-TypeA', e.g. Doppler Shift, Doppler Spread, average delay and delay spread. The second QCL source RS may be the same as the first QCL source RS.

[0260] In the example of FIG. 21, the BS may transmit a downlink control information (DCI) comprising a TCI field being set to a codeword. The TCI field may indicate a TCI state. The wireless device may apply the respective best Rx beam for the RS in response to receiving the DCI comprising the TCI field indicating the TCI state via / using the codeword.

[0261] In the example of FIG. 21 , the wireless device may transmit a second CSI report for an RS being transmitted with the TCI state The RS may be a QCL source RS of the indicated TCI state. The RS may be an RS QCL-ed with the QCL source RS of the TCI state. For example, the second CSI report may comprise a rank indicator (Rl), a precoding matrix indicator (PM I), one or more channel quality indicators (CQI), a layer indicator (LI) and the like. The wireless device may determine the CSI for the second CSI report based on measuring the RS via / using the respective best Rx beam for the QCL source RS of the indicated TCI state The wireless device may transmit the second CSI report comprising the RI / PMI / LI / CQI.

[0262] In the example of FIG. 21, the BS may transmit the downlink signals (e.g., PDCCH / PDSCH) via / using the determined Tx beam (TCI state). The wireless device may receive the downlink signals via / using the respective Rx beam in response to the indicated TCI state. The BS may transmit the downlink signals based on the second CSI report. For example, the BS may determine a precoding matrix for the downlink signals based on the RI / PMI. For another example, the BS may determine one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) for the PDSCH based on the RI / CQI.

[0263] In an example, a TRP of multiple TRPs of the BS may be identified by a TRP identifier (ID). The TRP may be identified by a virtual cell index. The TRP may be identified by a reference signal index (or group index). In an example, a TRP may be identified by a control resource set group (or pool) index (e.g., CORESETPoollndex) of a control resource set group. The BS may transmit a DCI on a control resource set. The control resource set may be associated with a control resource set pool index. In the example of FIG. 21, the TRP may be identified by CORESET pool 0.

[0264] In an example, a BS may transmit a DCI comprising a TRP index of a TRP ID of a TRP. In an example, a TRP ID of a TRP may comprise a TCI state group index of a TCI state group. A TCI state group may comprise at least one TCI state with which the wireless device receives downlink TBs. A TCI state group may comprise at least one TCI state with which the BS transmits the downlink TBs.

[0265] In an example, a BS may be equipped with multiple TRPs. The BS may transmit one or more radio resource control (RRC) messages to a wireless device. The one or more RRC messages may comprise configuration parameters of a plurality of CORESETs on / of a cell (or a BWP of the cell). Each of theDocket No.: 25-1008PCTplurality of CORESETs may be identified with a CORESET index. Each of the plurality of CORESETS may be associated with (or configured with) a CORESET pool (or group) index.

[0266] In an example, a wireless device may receive DCIs on one or more CORESETs having a same CORESET pool index. The wireless device may receive such DCIs from a same TRP of a plurality of TRPs of the BS. The wireless device may determine Rx beams for PDCCHs / PDSCHs based on a TCI indication. For example, a DCI may comprise a field with the TCI indication. The wireless device may determine Rx beams based on a CORESET pool index associated with a CORESET for the DCI.

[0267] In an example, a wireless device may receive multiple PDCCHs scheduling fu I ly / partially / non-overlapped PDSCHs in time and frequency domain. The wireless device may receive one or more RRC messages (e.g., PDCCH-Config IE) comprising a ControlResourceSet IE. The ControlResourceSet IE may comprise a first CORESET pool index (e.g., CORESETPoollndex) value. The ControlResourceSet IE may comprise a second COESET pool index value. The wireless device may receive PDCCHs that schedule two PDSCHs associated with different Control ResourceSets having different values of CORESETPoollndex. In such a case, the wireless device may determine the reception of full / partially overlapped PDSCHs in time domain.

[0268] In an example, a wireless device may assume (or determine) that the ControlResourceSet is assigned with CORESETPoollndex as 0 for a ControlResourceSet without CORESETPoollndex. The wireless device may be scheduled with full / partially / non-overlapped PDSCHs in time and frequency domain. The wireless device may receive scheduling information in the PDCCH indicating the corresponding PDSCH. The wireless device may expect to be scheduled with the same active BWP and the same SCS. In an example, the wireless device may be scheduled with fully / partially overlapped PDSCHs in time and frequency domain. In such a case, the wireless device may be scheduled with at most two codewords simultaneously.

[0269] In an example, a wireless device may be configured by a higher layer parameter PDCCH-Config that contains two different values of CORESETPoollndex in ControlResourceSet. In such a case, the wireless device may receive tci-PresentlnDCI being set to 'enabled' and tci-PresentlnDCI configured in RRC connected mode. The wireless device may receive a DCI, scheduling a PDSCH, with an offset between the reception of the DCI and the PDSCH. The offset may be less than the threshold timeDurationForQCL. Under these conditions, the wireless device may assume QCL parameters of the DM-RS ports of PDSCH. The DM-RS ports of PDSCH may be associated with a value of CORESETPoollndex of a serving cell. The wireless device may assume that the QCL parameters are the same as QCL parameters used for a PDCCH quasi co-location indication. The QCL parameters used for the PDCCH quasi co-location indication may be for the CORESET associated with a monitored search space. The monitored search space may have the lowest CORESET-ID among CORESETs. The BS mayDocket No.: 25-1008PCTconfigure these CORESETs with the same value of CORESETPoollndex as the PDCCH that schedules the PDSCH. The wireless device may monitor one or more CORESETs in the latest slot. The one or more CORESETs may be associated with the same value of CORESETPoollndex as the PDCCH that schedules the PDSCH. The PDSCH may be within the active BWP of the serving cell. The wireless device may receive RRC messages configuring at least one TCI state for the serving cell of scheduled PDSCH containing 'QCL-TypeD'. The wireless device may receive a MAC CE activating at least one TCI codepoint containing two TCI states. Under these conditions, the wireless device may assume QCL parameters of the DM-RS ports of PDSCH of a serving cell. The wireless device may assume that the QCL parameters are the same as QCL parameters associated with first TCI states. The first TCI states may be corresponding to the lowest codepoint among the TCI codepoints containing two TCI states.

[0270] In an example, a wireless device may be configured with multiple panels. The wireless device may determine to activate (or select) one of the multiple panels. The wireless device may receive downlink signals / channels transmitted from one of multiple TRPs of the BS with the activated panel. The activation / selection of one of the multiple panels may be based on receiving downlink signaling indicating the activation / selection. The BS may transmit one or more reference signals (RSs) for measuring downlink channel qualities. The wireless device may activate / select one of the multiple panels automatically based on measuring the downlink channel qualities.

[0271] In an example, the wireless device may apply a spatial domain filter to transmit from a panel of the multiple panels. The spatial domain filter may be a spatial domain transmit / transmission filter. The wireless device may transmit to one of the multiple TRPs of the BS. The wireless device may determine the panel and the spatial domain filter based on an UL TCI indication of a DCI. The wireless device may determine the panel and the spatial domain filter based on a panel ID in the DCI. The wireless device may determine the panel and the spatial domain filter based on an SRI indication of a DCI. The wireless device may determine the panel and the spatial domain filter based on a CORESET pool index of a CORESET for receiving the DCI. The wireless device may determine the panel and the spatial domain filter based on the like.

[0272] In an example, the wireless device may receive a DCI indicating an uplink grant. The wireless device may determine a panel and a transmission beam (or spatial domain transmission filter) on the panel based on receiving the DCI. The wireless device may receive a DCI comprising a panel ID explicitly indicating the panel. The wireless device may determine a panel implicitly indicated by an SRS ID (or an SRS group / pool index). The wireless device may determine a panel implicitly indicated by a UL TCI pool index of a UL TCI for uplink transmission. The wireless device may determine a panel implicitly indicated by a CORESET pool index of a CORESET for receiving the DCI.Docket No.: 25-1008PCT

[0273] In an example, the wireless device may transmit a capability message to the BS via the TRP. The capability message may comprise a minimum time duration for the wireless device to apply a quasicollocation assumption (e.g., a spatial domain reception / receive filter). The wireless device may indicate a minimum time duration to apply a quasi-collocation assumption for different SCS respectively. The capabilities of the wireless device may be different for different band combinations or different bands.

[0274] In the example, the wireless device may receive one or more RRC messages indicating a set of TCI states. The wireless device may receive an activation command via a MAC CE activating a subset of TCI states (e.g., of the set of TCI states). The MAC CE may map a codepoint of a field (e.g., Transmission Configuration Indicator) to one or two TCI states (e.g., of the set of TCI states).

[0275] In the example of FIG. 21, the BS may associate a TCI state of the set of TCI states to a Tx beam of the plurality of Tx beams. The MAC CE may comprise 8 TCI states or pairs of TCI states to activate. The MAC CE may map a TCI state (or a pair of TCI states) of the 8 TCI states (or pair of TCI states) to a codepoint.

[0276] In the example of FIG. 21 , the BS may transmit the one or more RSs associated with the activated TCI states via / using one or more Tx beams. The wireless device may receive the one or more RSs via / using one or more Rx beams. The wireless device may refine the one or more Rx beams. The wireless device may determine CSI and radio link qualities based on measuring the one or more RSs. The wireless device may transmit radio link qualities for the one or more RSs. The wireless device may transmit a CSI report for the one or more RSs. The BS may receive the CSI report from the wireless device.

[0277] In the example FIG. 21 , the BS may, based on receiving the radio link qualities and / or the CSI report, transmit a DCI via PDCCH. The DCI may comprise a field (e.g., Transmission Configuration Indicator). The Transmission Configuration Indicator may indicate a new TCI state (or a new Tx beam). The new TCI state may be different from the current TCI state. The BS may assume that the wireless device is able to apply an Rx beam (or spatial domain reception / receive filter) for the new TCI state after the minimum time duration to apply a quasi-collocation assumption.

[0278] In the example of FIG. 21 , the plurality of RSs may be named Set A of RSs. The BS may not transmit one or more RSs of the Set A of RSs for measuring radio link qualities. In other words, the BS may only transmit one or more RSs of the Set A of RSs if the one or more RSs are also in the Set B of RSs The BS may not transmit any RS of the Set A of RSs for measuring radio link qualities. The plurality of Tx beams may be named Set A of Tx beams.

[0279] In the example of FIG. 21 , the BS may transmit Set B of RSs. The BS may transmit the Set B of RSs via / using Set B of Tx beams. The Set A of RSs may comprise the Set B of RSs. For example, the Set A of RSs are CSI-RSs. The Set B of RSs are a subset of the Set A of RSs. The Set A of Tx beams may be narrow Tx beams. The Set B of Tx beams may be narrow Tx beams. Alternative Tx beams may be that theDocket No.: 25-1008PCTSet B of Tx beams are wide Tx beams. The Set A of Tx beams are narrow Tx beams. The Set B of RSs are SSBs. The Set A of RSs may not comprise the Set B of RSs. The Set A of RSs are CSI-RSs.

[0280] In the example of FIG. 21 , a Tx beam is considered narrow if it covers relatively small spatial angles. For example, it may only cover 3 or 5 degrees of azimuth and / or zenith angles. On the contrary, a Tx beam is considered wide if it covers relatively large spatial angels. For example, it may cover 15 degrees or 30 degrees of azimuth and / or zenith angles. In an example, a cell may cover an azimuth angle of 120 degrees and a zenith angle of 120 degrees. A BS may use 4 wide Tx beams to cover the cell. To achieve the same level of spatial coverage, a BS use 40 narrow Tx beams to cover the cell. In the example of FIG. 21 , the wireless device may receive the Set B of RSs. The wireless device may determine an Rx beam for each RS of the Set B of RSs The wireless device may determine a radio link quality for each RS of the Set B of RS. The wireless device may predict, e.g., without measuring, radio link qualities of the Set A of RSs based on measured radio link qualities of the Set B of RSs. For example, an RS of the Set A of RS, that is not in the Set B of RS, may be named an unmeasured (un-transmitted) RS. The wireless device may predict a radio link quality of an unmeasured RS based on measured radio link qualities of one or more RSs of the Set B of RSs.

[0281] In the example of FIG. 21 , the wireless device may perform the prediction based on a model, e.g., an artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) model. The model may be only present at the wireless device, e.g., a device side model.

[0282] In the example of FIG. 21 , the wireless device may transmit a CSI report comprising predicted radio link qualities of top k RSs of the Set A of RSs. The predicted radio link qualities may have the same report quantity as measured radio link qualities, e.g., RSRP, RSRQ, SINR. For an example, the CSI report may comprise an RS resource indicator for each RS of the top k RSs and a predicted radio link quality for each RS. For another example, the CSI report may comprise an RS resource indicator, without the predicted radio link quality, for each RS of the top k RSs that have best predicted radio link qualities.

[0283] In the example of FIG. 21 , the BS may perform prediction of radio link qualities of the Set A of RSs instead of the wireless device. The BS may perform the prediction with a BS side model, e.g., an AI / ML model. The wireless device may transmit a CSI report comprising radio link qualities of top m (e.g., 4 / 8 / 16) RSs of the Set B of RSs. The BS may receive the CSI report. The BS may predict radio link qualities of the Set A of RSs based on the radio link qualities of the top m RSs of the Set B of RSs. The BS may determine an RS, for measuring CSI and transmitting downlink signals, of the Set A of RSs based on the predicted radio link qualities.

[0284] In the example of FIG. 21 , the BS may determine a TCI state based on the determined top k RSs of the Set A of RSs when the wireless device performs the prediction. The BS may determine the TCI state based on the determined RS by the BS when the BS performs the prediction. The BS may transmit a DCIDocket No.: 25-1008PCTcomprising a TCI field being set to a codeword to indicate the TCI state for transmitting the downlink signals.

[0285] In the example of FIG. 21 , the wireless device may receive one or more RRC messages. The one or more RRC messages may comprise configuration parameters of a CSI report (e.g., CSI-ReportConfig IE). The configuration parameters of the CSI report may comprise a first field (e.g., resourcesForChannelMeasuremenf) indicating resource for channel measurement / CSI resource configuration. The first field may be set to a first ID (e.g., via CSI-ResourceConfigld) indicating a CSI resource configuration. The CSI resource configuration may be associated with / configured with configuration parameters of one or more first sets of non-zero power CSI-RS resources.

[0286] In the example of FIG. 21 , the configuration parameters of the one or more first sets of non-zero power CSI-RS resources may comprise configuration parameters of a first set of non-zero power CSI-RS resources for / indicate / configure the Set B of RSs. The configuration parameters of the first set of non-zero power CSI-RS resources may comprise configuration parameters of each non-zero power CSI-RS resource of the first set of non-zero power CSI-RS resources. The configuration parameters of each non-zero power CSI-RS resource of the first set of non-zero power CSI-RS resources may comprise a non-zero power CSI-RS resource ID (e.g., via NZP-CSI-RS-Resourceld IE). The BS may transmit each non-zero power CSI-RS resource of the first set of non-zero power CSI-RS resources via / using a respective Tx beam of the Set B of Tx beams.

[0287] In the example of FIG. 21 , the one or more RRC messages may further / additionally comprise configuration parameters of the Set A of RSs when the wireless device performs the prediction. The configuration parameters of the CSI report, via the one or more RRC messages, may further / additionally comprise a second field (e.g., resourcesForChannelPredictiori). The second field may indicate a resource for channel prediction / CSI resource configuration for prediction. For example, the second field is set to a second ID (e.g., via CSI-ResourceConfigld IE).

[0288] In the example of FIG. 21, the CSI resource configuration for predication (e.g., resourcesForChannelPredictiori) may indicate one or more second sets of non-zero power CSI-RS resources. In an example, the configuration parameters of the one or more second sets of non-zero power CSI-RS resources may comprise configuration parameters of a second set of non-zero power CSI-RS resources for / indicate / configure the Set A of RSs. In an example, the second set of non-zero power CSI-RS resources for / indicate / configure the Set A of RSs may not comprise all of non-zero power CSI-RS resources of the first set of non-zero power CSI-RS resources for for / indicate / configure the Set B of RSs. The BS may transmit a non-zero power CSI-RS resource of the second set of non-zero power CSI-RS resources if the non-zero power CSI-RS resource is in the first set of non-zero power CSI-RS resources.Docket No.: 25-1008PCT

[0289] In the example of FIG. 21 , the configuration parameters of the second set of non-zero power CSI-RS resources may comprise configuration parameters of each non-zero power CSI-RS resource of the second set of non-zero power CSI-RS resources. The configuration parameters of each non-zero power CSI-RS resource of the second set of non-zero power CSI-RS resources may comprise a non-zero power CSI-RS resource ID (e.g. , via NZP-CSI-RS-Resourceld IE).

[0290] In the example of FIG. 21, non-zero power CSI-RS resource IDs in the configuration parameters of the Set A of RSs may comprise all of non-zero power CSI-RS resource IDs in the configuration parameters of the Set B of RSs. The non-zero power CSI-RS resource IDs in the configuration parameters of the Set A of RSs may comprise one or more non-zero power CSI-RS resource IDs that are not in the non-zero power CSI-RS resource IDs of the configuration parameters of the Set B of RSs (e.g., unmeasured RSs).

[0291] In the example of FIG. 21 , the wireless device may, based on the measurements of the first set of non-zero power CSI-RS resources (the Set B of RSs), predict radio link qualities of the second set of nonzero power CSI-RS resources (the Set A of RSs). In the example, each of the predicted radio link qualities may be for each non-zero power CSI-RS of the Set A of RSs, respectively. In the example, the measured radio link quality and predicted radio link quality may represent a same type of radio link quality.

[0292] In the example of FIG. 21 , the wireless device may determine top k non-zero power CSI-RSs from the second set of non-zero power CSI-RS resources. The wireless device may transmit a first CSI report. The first CSI report may comprise radio link qualities for N (e.g., 1 / 2 / 4 / 8) future time instances / intervals. A time instance / interval of the N future time instances / intervals may have a start time and an end time (or an end time determined by the start time and a length). The start / end time may be in slots / milliseconds. An end time of an nthfuture time instance / interval may be a previous slot of a start time of a n+1thfuture time instance / interval. The N future time instances / intervals may be non-overlapping in time.

[0293] In the example of FIG. 21 , the wireless device may transmit the first CSI report in a time (slot / millisecond) that is before, e.g., smaller / earlier than, the start time of an earliest time instance / duration. For example, a time instance / duration may be considered as a future time instance / duration at the time when the wireless device transmits the first CSI report. The radio link qualities of a future time instance / interval may comprise RS resource indicators of top k (e.g., 1 / 2 / 4 / 8) RSs of the Set A of RSs for the time instance / interval. The BS may assume that the RS resource indicators of top k RSs for a future time instance / interval is valid for an associated duration for the instance / interval.

[0294] In the example of FIG. 21 , the one or more RRC messages may not comprise configuration parameters of the Set A of RSs when the BS performs the prediction. In this case, the wireless device may transmit the first CSI report comprising radio link qualities of top m RSs of the Set B of RSs. The BS may predict radio link qualities of the Set A of RSs based on measured radio link qualities of the top m RSs of the Set B of RSs. The BS may predict radio link qualities of N future time instances / intervals based onDocket No.: 25-1008PCTreceived radio link qualities of M (e.g., M=2 / 4 / 8) past time instances / intervals. The wireless device may transmit a respective CSI report comprising radio link qualities of the top m RSs of a respective past time instance / interval. The wireless device may transmit a CSI report comprising respective radio link qualities of top m RSs of each of the past M time instances / intervals.

[0295] In the example of FIG. 21 , the BS may transmit the Set B of RSs in each time instance / interval of the M past time instances / intervals. A time instance / interval of the M past time instances / intervals may have a start time and an end time (or an end time determined by the start time and a length). The end time may be the same as the start time, e.g., in a same slot. The M past time instances / intervals may be nonoverlapping in time.

[0296] In the example of FIG. 21 when the BS performs the prediction, the M past time instances / intervals may be earlier than the time when the BS receives the first CSI report. The N future time instances / intervals may be later than the time when the BS receives the first CSI report. In the example of FIG. 21, the BS may select an RS (or Tx beam) that is not in the Set B of RSs. The BS and the wireless device may use additional P3 beam management procedure to align an Rx beam for the RS. For example, the BS may transmit the RS configured with repetition 'ON'. The BS may indicate a TCI state with a QCL source RS being set to the RS via / using a DCI.

[0297] In the example of FIG. 21 , the BS may, based on receiving the first CSI report, configure a set of TCI states and / or activate a subset of TCI states. The BS may transmit the selected RS for measuring CSI. The BS may transmit an RS QCL-ed with the selected RS for measuring CSI. The wireless device may receive the selected RS for measuring CSI comprising RI / PMI / LI / CQI. The wireless device may transmit a second CSI report comprising the RI / PMI / LI / CQI. The BS may transmit downlink signals (e.g., PDCCH / PDSCH) via / using the TCI state based on the second CSI report.

[0298] In the example of FIG. 21 , the Set A of RSs may not comprise the Set B of RSs. In this case, the configuration parameters of the CSI report may comprise the first field (e.g., resourcesForChannelMeasuremenf) being set to an ID (e.g., via CSi-ResourceConfigld) for / indicating / configuring the Set B of RSs. The ID may be associated with configuration parameters of a set of CSI SSB resources (e.g., via CSI-SSB-ResourceSet IE). The BS may transmit each SSB via / using a Tx beam of the Set B of Tx beams.

[0299] FIG. 22 illustrates an example of beam prediction (method 2200) as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0300] In the example of FIG. 22 at step 2202, a wireless device may receive one or more RRC messages. A BS may transmit one or more RRC messages to the wireless device. The one or more RRC messages may comprise a first CSI report configuration (e.g., CSI-ReportConfig IE). The one or more RRC messages may optionally comprise a second CSI report configuration. The first CSI report configurationDocket No.: 25-1008PCTmay comprise an identifier for the first CSI report configuration (e.g., via CSI-ReportConfigld) being set to a first value (e.g., 1). The second CSI report configuration may comprise an ID for the first CSI report configuration being set to a second value (e.g., 2).

[0301] In the example of FIG. 22 at step 2202, the one or more RRC messages may comprise a first CSI resource configuration for Set B of RSs (e.g., the Set B of RSs discussed in FIG. 21). The first CSI resource configuration may comprise an identifier for the first CSI resource configuration (e.g., via CSI-ResourceConfigld) being set to first value (e.g., 1). The one or more RRC messages may comprise a second CSI resource configuration for Set A of RSs (e.g., the Set A of RSs discussed in FIG. 21). The second CSI resource configuration may comprise an identifier for the second CSI resource configuration (e.g , via CSI -ResourceConfig Id) being set to a second value (e.g., 2).

[0302] In the example of FIG. 22 at step 2202, the first CSI report configuration may be for the wireless device to perform prediction. The first CSI report configuration may comprise an identifier of a first CSI resource for measuring channel (e.g., resourceForChannelMeasurement) being set to a first value (e.g., 1), indicating the first CSI resource. The first CSI report configuration may comprise an identifier of a second CSI resource for predicting radio link qualities (e.g., resourceForPrediction) being set to a second value (e.g., 2), indicating the second CSI resource.

[0303] In the example of FIG. 22 at step 2202, the second CSI report configuration may be for the BS to perform prediction. The second CSI report configuration may comprise an identifier of a CSI resource for measuring channel (e.g., resourceForChannelMeasurement) being set to a first value (e.g., 1), indicating the first CSI resource. The second CSI report configuration may not comprise an identifier of a CSI resource for predicting radio link qualities (e.g., resourceForPrediction) being set to a second value (e.g., 2), indicating the second CSI resource.

[0304] In the example of FIG. 22 at step 2204, the wireless device may receive the Set B of RSs based on the first CSI report configuration indicating the first CSI resource config. The BS may not transmit the Set A of RSs for the wireless device to measure radio link qualities for perform predictions at the wireless device or at the BS. The BS may only transmit one or more RSs of the Set A of RSs if the Set B of RSs comprises the one or more RSs.

[0305] In the example of FIG. 22 at step 2205, the BS may transmit a first downlink message requesting a CSI report based on the first CSI report configuration. The wireless device may receive the first downlink message requesting a CSI report based on the first CSI report configuration.

[0306] In the example of FIG. 22 at step 2206, the wireless device may transmit a first CSI report based on the first CSI report configuration. The first CSI report may comprise at least an RS resource indicator of an RS of the Set A of RSs. The BS may receive the first CSI report.Docket No.: 25-1008PCT

[0307] In the example of FIG. 22 at step 2208, the BS may transmit a second downlink message requesting a CSI report based on the second CSI report configuration. The wireless device may receive the second downlink message requesting a CSI report based on the second CSI report configuration.

[0308] In the example of FIG. 22 at step 2210, the wireless device may transmit a second CSI report based on the second CSI report configuration. The second CSI report may comprise radio link qualities of one or more RSs of the Set B of RSs. The BS may receive the second CSI report.

[0309] In the example of FIG. 22, the BS may indicate the wireless device to switch to wireless device side prediction via / using the first downlink message. The BS may indicate the wireless device to switch to BS side prediction via / using the second downlink message. The switching may be resource consuming, e.g ., the second downlink message is an RRC message and switching is an RRC procedure. And the switching can only be driven by the BS without considering the situation of the wireless device. The wireless device may flush measurements of the Set B of RSs during the switching. For spatial / temporal beam prediction, this may introduce extra beam application latency caused by the switching.

[0310] In existing technologies, the first CSI report configuration may comprise a reportConfigType field being set to ‘periodic’. The second CSI report configuration may comprise a reportConfigType being set to 'periodic'. The one or more RRC messages may comprise the first CSI report configuration and not the second CSI report configuration. The wireless device may start transmitting a first CSI report periodically, based on the first CSI report configuration, without needing to receive the first downlink message. The wireless device may start measuring the Set B of RSs in response to (based on) the first CSI report configuration indicating the first CSI resource configuration and the reportConfigType being ‘periodic’.

[0311] In such an example, the second downlink message may be a second RRC message. The second RRC message may comprise the second CSI report configuration. The second RRC message may comprise a field (e.g., csi-ReportConfigToReleaseList) indicating a list of CSI report configuration to release. The list of CSI report configurations may comprise the first CSI report configuration. The wireless device may discard measurements of the first CSI report configuration based on (in response to) receiving the second RRC message indicating releasing the first CSI report configuration. The wireless device may start preparing / transmitting a second CSI report periodically based on receiving the second CSI report configuration.

[0312] In such an example, the wireless device may start preparing the second CSI report based on (in response to) the one or more RRC messages comprising the second CSI report configuration. The second CSI report configuration may be comprised by csi-ReportConfigToAddModList. The wireless device may report predicted radio link qualities of N future time instances / intervals based on measured radio link qualities of M past time instances / intervals based on the second CSI report configuration. The wirelessDocket No.: 25-1008PCTdevice may measure radio link qualities of M time instances / intervals before it can provide predicted radio link qualities of N future time instances / intervals.

[0313] The implementation of the existing technologies may result in a long switching latency, unavailable CSI during the long switching latency and reduced downlink throughput.

[0314] In existing technologies, the first CSI report configuration may comprise a reportConfigType field being set to 'semiPersistentOnPUSCH'. The second CSI report configuration may comprise a reportConfigType being set to 'semiPersistentOnPUSCH'. The one or more RRC messages may comprise a list of trigger states (e.g., semiPersistentOnPUSCH-TriggerStateList). The list of trigger states may comprise a first trigger state associated with the first CSI report configuration. The list of trigger states may comprise a second trigger state associated with the second CSI report configuration.

[0315] In such an example, the first downlink message may be a first DCI. The second downlink message may be a second DCI. The DCI format of the first DCI and the second DCI may be DCI format 0_1. The DCI format of the first DCI and the second DCI may be DCI format 0_2. The one or more RRC messages may comprise a sp-CSI-RNTI field being set to a RNTI value. The wireless device may receive the first DCI and the second DCI with CRC scrambled by the RNTI value.

[0316] In such an example, the wireless device may discard the measurements obtained for the first CSI report when receiving the second DCI. For spatial / temporal beam prediction, the wireless device may determine measurements from M past time instances / durations before it can predict radio link qualities of future N time instances / durations. For initial M time instances / durations, the wireless device may not be able to provide temporal beam prediction. The implementation of existing technologies may result in a long switching latency, unavailable CSI during the long switching latency and reduced downlink throughput.

[0317] In existing technologies, the first CSI report configuration may comprise a reportConfigType field being set to ‘semiPersistentOnPUCCH’. The second CSI report configuration may comprise a reportConfigType being set to 'semiPersistentOnPUCCH' The first downlink message may be a first MAC CE. The second downlink message may be a second MAC CE. The first MAC CE and the second MAC CE may be an enhanced SP CSI reporting on PUCCH Activation / Deactivation MAC CE.

[0318] In such an example, the wireless device may discard the measurements obtained for the first CSI report when receiving the second MAC CE deactivating the first CSI report configuration. For spatial / temporal beam prediction, the wireless device may determine measurements from M time instances / durations before it can predict radio link qualities of future N time instances / durations. For the initial M time instances / durations, there may be no radio link qualities reported by the wireless device. The implementation of existing technologies may result in a long switching latency, unavailable CSI during the long switching latency and reduced downlink throughput.Docket No.: 25-1008PCT

[0319] In an example, in existing technologies, a UE may measure radio link qualities of a set of RSs (including a first subset of RSs and a second subset of RSs), compare the measured radio link qualities, select RS(s) with the highest measured radio link qualities, and report the selected RS(s) (e.g., for a beam selection). Alternatively, the UE may measure radio link qualities of the first subset of RS, and report the measured radio link qualities to a base station. The base station, then, may use a machine learning (ML) model, to derive radio link qualities of the second set of RSs, and select RS(s) with the highest qualities among the measured radio link qualities of the first subset of RSs and the derived radio link qualities of the second subset of RSs. However, there may be a scenario where the base station cannot run (or it is desirable for the base station not to run) the ML model due to, for example, a computational overload at the base station while the UE is capable of running the ML model to derive the radio link qualities of the second subset of RSs. In such scenario, it is desirable for the UE to handle the process of deriving the radio link qualities of the second subset of RSs. Therefore, there is a need for a way to switch between deriving radio link qualities of unmeasured RSs at the UE and deriving radio link qualities of the unmeasured RSs at the base station.

[0320] Embodiments of the present disclosure are related to an approach for solving the problems described above. These and other features of the present disclosure are described further below.

[0321] In an example embodiment, a wireless device determines a CSI report mode from a first CSI report mode for reporting measured radio link qualities of one or more first reference signal (RSs) and a second CSI report mode for reporting at least one RS resource indicator indicating at least one RS of one or more second RSs, wherein the at least one RS resource indicator is determined based on predicted radio link qualities of one or more RSs of the one or more second RSs, and transmits a CSI report based on the determined CSI report mode. Example embodiments of the present disclosure solve the problems of long switching latency, unavailable CSI during the long switching latency and reduced downlink throughput.

[0322] In an example embodiment, a wireless device receives one or more RRC messages indicating a CSI report configuration, wherein the CSI report configuration indicates a first CSI resource configuration indicating one or more first reference signals (RSs), a second CSI resource configuration indicating one or more second RSs, and a parameter indicating a CSI report mode, wherein a first value of the parameter indicates a first CSI report mode for reporting measured radio link qualities of the one or more first RSs and a second value of the parameter indicates a second CSI report mode for reporting at least one RS resource indicator indicating at least one RS of the one or more second RSs, wherein the reporting of the at least one RS resource indicator is based on prediction of radio link qualities of one or more RSs of the one or more second RSs. In an example embodiment, in response to the parameter being set to the first value, the wireless device transmits, based on the first CSI report mode, a first CSI report indicating the measured radio link qualities of the one or more first RSs, receives a downlink message indicating to switch the CSIDocket No.: 25-1008PCTreport mode, for the CSI report configuration, from the first CSI report mode to the second CSI report mode, and in response to the downlink message, transmits, based on the second CSI report mode, a second CSI report comprising the at least one RS resource indicator indicating the at least one RS of the one or more second RSs. Example embodiments of the present disclosure may solve the problems of long switching latency, unavailable CSI during the long switching latency and reduced downlink throughput.

[0323] FIG. 23 illustrates an example of CSI report mode switching (method 2300) as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0324] In the example of FIG. 23 at step 2302, a BS may transmit one or more RRC messages. The wireless device may receive the one or more RRC messages. The one or more RRC messages may comprise configuration parameters of a CSI report. The wireless device may determine a CSI report mode from a CSI report mode among a first CSI report mode and a second CSI report mode. The first CSI report mode may be for reporting measured radio link qualities of one or more RSs of Set B of RSs (e.g., the Set B of RSs in FIG. 21). The second CSI report mode may be for reporting at least one RS resource indicator indicating at least one RS of predicted Set A of RSs (e.g., the Set A of RSs in FIG. 21) based on measuring the Set B of RSs

[0325] Although it is not explicitly illustrated in FIG. 23, one or more RRC messages may comprise a parameter, e.g., csi-ReportMode-r19, for the CSI report mode. The CSI report configuration may comprise the parameter. The parameter may be set to a first value indicating the first CSI report mode. The parameter may be set to a second value indicating the second CSI report mode. The parameter may be an optional parameter. The wireless device may determine the CSI report mode being a default CSI report mode. The default CSI report mode may be the first CSI report mode or the second CSI report mode.

[0326] In the example of FIG. 23 at step 2304, the wireless device may transmit a CSI report based on the determined CSI report mode. The BS may receive the CSI report.

[0327] Example embodiments of the present disclosure may solve the problems of long switching latency, unavailable CSI during the long switching latency and reduced downlink throughput.

[0328] FIG. 24 illustrates an example of CSI report mode switching (method 2400) as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0329] In the example of FIG. 24 at step 2402, a BS may transmit one or more RRC messages. A wireless device may receive the one or more RRC messages. The one or more RRC messages may comprise a CSI report configuration (e.g., CSI-ReportConfig IE). The CSI report configuration may comprise an identifier (e.g., CSI-ReportConfigld) being set to a first value (e.g., 1).

[0330] In the example of FIG. 24 at step 2402, the one or more RRC messages may comprise a first CSI resource configuration for the Set B of RSs. The first CSI resource configuration may comprise an identifier (e.g., CSI-ResourceConfigld) being set to a first value (e.g., 1). The one or more RRC messages mayDocket No.: 25-1008PCTcomprise a second CSI resource configuration for the Set A of RSs. The second CSI resource configuration may comprise an identifier (e.g., CSI-ResourceConfigld) being set to a second value (e.g., 2). The BS may not transmit the Set A of RSs based on the second CSI resource configuration.

[0331] In the example of FIG. 24 at step 2402, the one or more RRC messages may comprise a parameter indicating a CSI report mode. The parameter may be set to a first value indicating a first CSI report mode. The parameter may be set to a second value indicating a second CSI report mode. The wireless device may report measured radio link qualities of one or more RSs of the Set B of RSs based on the parameters indicating the first CSI report mode. The wireless device may report at least one RS resource indicator indicating at least one RS of the Set A of RSs based on measuring the Set B of RSs.

[0332] In the example of FIG. 24 at step 2402, the first CSI resource configuration may have the same one or more embodiments as in FIG. 21. Additionally, the first CSI resource configuration may comprise configuration parameters of a resource type (e.g., resourceType) indicating a value among 'aperiodic', ‘semi Persistent’ and ‘periodic’. The wireless device may measure the Set B of RSs aperiodically based on (in response to) the resource type indicating a value of ‘aperiodic’. The wireless device may measure the Set B of RSs semi-persistently based on (in response to) the resource type indicating a value of ‘semi Persistent'. The wireless device may measure the Set B of RSs periodically based on (in response to) the resource type indicating a value of ‘periodic’.

[0333] In the example of FIG. 24 at step 2402, the BS may perform prediction for the wireless device based on the first CSI report mode. The wireless device may perform prediction based on the second CSI report mode.

[0334] In the example of FIG. 24 at step 2402, one or more embodiments of the first CSI report mode are the same as in FIG. 23. One or more embodiments of the second CSI report mode are the same as in FIG.23.

[0335] In the example of FIG. 24 at step 2402, the CSI report configuration may comprise a parameter. The parameter may be named csi-ReportMode, csi-PredictionMode, beam-PredictionMode and the like. The parameter may be optionally configured. The wireless device may determine the parameter being the first value if the parameter is not configured, e.g., the CSI report configuration does not comprise the parameter and / or the parameter is absent. Alternatively, the wireless device may determine the parameter being the second value if the parameter is not configured, e.g., the CSI report configuration does not comprise the parameter and / or the parameter is absent.

[0336] In the example of FIG. 24 at step 2402, the CSI report configuration may comprise an identifier of a CSI resource, for measuring channel (e.g., resourceForChannelMeasurement), being set to a first value (e.g , 1), indicating a first CSI resource. One or more embodiments of the first CSI resource are the same as those in FIG. 21. The CSI report configuration may comprise an identifier of a CSI resource, forDocket No.: 25-1008PCTpredicting radio link qualities (e.g., resourceForPrediction), being set to a second value (e.g., 2), indicating a second CSI resource. One or more embodiments of the second CSI resource are the same as those in FIG. 21.

[0337] In the example of FIG. 24 at step 2404, the BS may transmit the Set B of RSs. The wireless device may receive the Set B of RSs for measuring radio link qualities of the Set B of RSs. The BS may configure the Set B of RSs in a same way as shown in FIG. 21.

[0338] In the example of FIG. 24 at step 2406, the wireless device may transmit a CSI report for the CSI configuration. In response to the parameter being set to the first value, the wireless device may transmit the CSI report based on the first CSI report mode.

[0339] In the example of FIG. 24 at step 2408, the wireless device may optionally receive a downlink message. The downlink message may comprise a field indicating switching the CSI report mode from the first CSI report mode to the second CSI report mode for the CSI report configuration. The downlink message may comprise an identifier (e.g., a CSI -ReportConfig Id) for the CSI report configuration. The wireless device may, based on (in response to) the identifier indicating the CSI report configuration and the field, switch the CSI report mode for the CSI report configuration.

[0340] In the example of FIG. 24 at step 2410, the wireless device may transmit a CSI report for the CSI configuration. In response to the downlink message at step 2408, the wireless device may transmit the CSI report based on the second CSI report mode.

[0341] Although it is not explicitly illustrated in FIG. 24, the wireless device may receive the one or more RRC messages comprising the parameter being set to the second value indicating the second CSI report mode at step 2402. The wireless device may report a CSI report based on the second CSI report mode at step 2406. The wireless device may receive the downlink message indicating switching the CSI report mode from the second CSI report mode to the first CSI report mode at step 2408. The wireless device may, in response to the downlink message, transmit a CSI report based on the first CSI report mode at step 2410.

[0342] Example embodiments of the present disclosure may solve the problems of long switching latency, unavailable CSI during the long switching latency and reduced downlink throughput.

[0343] FIG. 25 illustrates an example of CSI report mode switching (method 2500) as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0344] In the example of FIG. 25 at step 2502, it may have several example embodiments in addition to the one or more example embodiments of FIG. 24 at step 2402. The one or more RRC messages may comprise configuration parameters of one or more thresholds for triggering a transmission of an uplink signal requesting a switching of the CSI report mode. The one or more RRC messages may comprise configuration parameters of the uplink signal for requesting switching from the second CSI report mode toDocket No.: 25-1008PCTthe first CSI report mode, or vice versa. The configuration parameters of the uplink signal may be indicated by the CSI report configuration. The configuration parameters of the uplink signal may be indicated by the one or more RRC messages comprising the CSI report configuration.

[0345] In the example of FIG. 25 at step 2502, a threshold of the one or more thresholds for triggering the transmission of the uplink signal requesting the switching may be an average number of prediction CSI processing units (PCPUs) occupied. The wireless device may transmit the uplink signal based on the average number of PCPUs occupied exceeding the threshold. The threshold may be a ratio of the average number of PCPUs occupied over a maximum number of PCPUs that the wireless device has. The wireless device may transmit the uplink signal based on the ratio, of the average number of PCPUs occupied and the maximum number of PCUs that the wireless device has, exceeding the threshold. The one or more RRC messages may comprise configuration of a time duration for determining the average number of PCPUs occupied.

[0346] In the example of FIG. 25 at step 2502, a threshold of the one or more thresholds may be an average resource utilization ratio of an AL / ML inference accelerator at the wireless device. The wireless device may perform CSI predictions as well as other AI / ML tasks via / usi ng the AI / ML inference accelerator. The wireless device may transmit the uplink signal based on the average resource utilization ratio of the AI / ML inference accelerator exceeding the threshold at the wireless device.

[0347] In the example of FIG. 25 at step 2502, a threshold of the one or more thresholds may be a temperature of the wireless device. The wireless device may transmit the uplink signal based on the temperature exceeding the threshold. The threshold may be defined in Fahrenheit. The threshold may be defined in Celsius.

[0348] In the example of FIG. 25 at step 2502, a threshold of the one or more thresholds may be remaining battery life of the wireless device. The threshold may be defined as a percentage number. A percentage number of zero may mean that the wireless device is running out of battery. A percentage number of one may mean that the wireless device has a full battery life.

[0349] In the example of FIG. 25 at step 2502, a threshold of the one or more thresholds for triggering the transmission for requesting the switching may be an average beam prediction accuracy (BAI). The BAI may be defined as a number between 0 and 1 with 1 means 100% accurate. The wireless device may transmit the uplink signal based on the average BAI being below the threshold.

[0350] In the example of FIG. 25 at step 2507, the wireless device may transmit the uplink signal based on (or in response to) at least one threshold of the one or more thresholds is satisfied. The wireless device may transmit the uplink signal based on all of the one or more thresholds are satisfied. Although it is not explicitly shown in FIG. 25 at step 2502, the one or more RRC messages may comprise a respective time duration for evaluating a respective threshold of the one or more thresholds. The one or more RRCDocket No.: 25-1008PCTmessages may comprise a respective counter for the respective threshold of the one or more thresholds. The one or more RRC messages may comprise a respective evaluation periodicity for the respective threshold of the one or more thresholds.

[0351] In such an example, the wireless device may determine that a threshold is satisfied if a satisfying condition is determined for the counter times within the time duration. The wireless device may evaluate whether a condition is satisfied for the respective threshold periodically with the evaluation periodicity. The time duration may be in slots. The time duration may be in milliseconds (ms). The time duration may have a last slot as the slot of transmission of an uplink signal.

[0352] Although it is not explicitly illustrated in the example of FIG. 25, it may comprise a step 2504 that has the same example embodiments as the step 2404 of FIG. 24.

[0353] Although it is not explicitly illustrated in the example of FIG. 25, it may comprise a step 2506 that has the same example embodiments as the step 2406 of FIG. 24.

[0354] In the example of FIG. 25 at step 2507, the wireless device may transmit the uplink signal requesting to switch the CSI report mode from the second CSI report mode to the first CSI report mode. The wireless device may expect to receive a downlink message indicating accepting or rejecting the switching within a time duration. The one or more RRC messages at step 2502 may comprise the time duration. The wireless device may re-try, e.g., transmit the uplink signal again, if it does not receive the downlink message within the time duration.

[0355] In the example of FIG. 25 at step 2507, the time duration may be in slots. The time duration may be in milliseconds (ms). The time duration may start from the first slot after the slot in which the wireless device transmits the uplink signal. The one or more RRC messages may comprise a maximum number of retries. The wireless device may keep re-trying, e.g., transmit the uplink signal again until the maximum number of retries are reached, if it does not receive a downlink message indicating accepting or rejecting the switching with a time duration associated with a last transmission of the uplink signal. In an example, the wireless device may transmit the uplink signal with the maximum number of retries plus one. In another example, the wireless device may transmit the uplink signal with the maximum number of retries.

[0356] In the example of FIG. 25 at step 2507, the wireless device may continue to evaluate whether the one or more thresholds are satisfied for each re-try The wireless device may abort re-try, e.g., not transmitting the uplink signal again, based on the one or more thresholds are not satisfied any more. The wireless device may reset counting of number of retries for transmitting the uplink signal.

[0357] In the example of FIG. 25 at step 2507, the wireless device may receive the downlink message indicating accepting or rejecting switching the CSI report mode from the second CSI report mode to the first CSI report mode within a time duration associated with a transmission of the uplink signal. Further details of the uplink signal will be discussed in the following figures.Docket No.: 25-1008PCT

[0358] In the example of FIG. 25 at step 2508, the one or more embodiments may be the same as the example of FIG. 24 at step 2408. Although it is not explicitly illustrated, the downlink message may indicate rejecting switching the CSI report mode from the second CSI report mode to the first CSI report mode. Further details of the downlink message will be discussed in the following figures.

[0359] In the example of FIG. 25 at step 2510, the one or more embodiments may be the same as shown in FIG. 24 at step 2410. Although it is not explicitly illustrated, the wireless device may continue to transmit a CSI report based on the second CSI report mode in response to the downlink message indicating rejecting to switch the CSI report mode from the second CSI report mode to the first CSI report mode.

[0360] Although it is not explicated illustrated in FIG. 25, a second uplink signal can also be used to indicate switching from the first CSI report mode to the second CSI report mode. In such an example, the one or more RRC messages may comprise one or more second thresholds. Triggering conditions from the first CSI report mode to the second CSI report mode may be opposite to triggering conditions from the second CSI report mode to the first CSI report mode shown in step 2502. For example, a threshold of the one or more second thresholds may be a temperature of the wireless device. The wireless device may transmit the second uplink signal based on the temperature below the threshold.

[0361] Although it is not explicitly illustrated in FIG. 25, the second uplink signal may be the same as the first uplink signal. The wireless device may transmit the uplink signal with a first value indicating a switching request of a current CSI report mode to a next CSI report mode that is not the same as the current CSI report mode. The current / next CSI report mode is a CSI report mode among the first CSI report mode and the second CSI report mode.

[0362] Example embodiments of the present disclosure may solve the problems of long switching latency, unavailable CSI during the long switching latency and reduced downlink throughput.

[0363] FIG. 26 illustrates an example of CSI report mode switching (method 2600) as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0364] In the example of FIG. 26 at step 2602, one or more RRC messages may comprise a CSI report configuration. The CSI report configuration may comprise the same two CSI resource configurations as the CSI report configuration of FIG. 24 at step 2402. The one or more RRC messages may comprise a field indicating that a CSI report comprises a CSI report mode field The field may be set to a first value, e.g., 'Enabled', indicating that a CSI report comprises a CSI report field. The field may be set to a second value, e.g., ‘Disabled’ indicating the CSI report does not comprise a CSI report field. The CSI report field may be 1 bit. The CSI report field may be set to a first value indicating the CSI report is based on the first CSI report mode. The CSI report field may be set to a second value indicating the CSI report is based on the second CSI report modeDocket No.: 25-1008PCT

[0365] Although it is not explicitly illustrated in FIG. 26, it may comprise a step 2604 that is the same as step 2404 of FIG. 24. The first CSI report mode may be the same as the first CSI report mode shown in FIG. 24. The second CSI report mode may be the same as the second CSI report mode shown in FIG. 24.

[0366] In the example of FIG. 26 at step 2606, the wireless device may transmit a first CSI report comprising the CSI report mode field being set to the first value. The wireless device may transmit the other CSI report fields based on the first CSI report mode.

[0367] In the example of FIG. 26, it may comprise an optional step 2608. The one or more embodiments of step 2608 may be the same as the one or more embodiments of step 2508 of FIG. 25.

[0368] In the example of FIG. 26 at step 2610, the wireless device may transmit a second CSI report comprising the CSI report mode field being set to the second value. The wireless device may transmit the other CSI report fields based on the second CSI report mode.

[0369] Although it is not explicitly illustrated in FIG. 26, the wireless device may be pre-authorized to determine whether to use the first CSI report mode or the second CSI report mode. The pre-authorization may be via a non-access stratum (NAS) message. The wireless device may transmit / receive one or more NAS messages to / from an access and mobility function (AMF) of a core network to establish the preauthorization. The wireless device may establish the pre-authorization before receiving the one or more RRC messages.

[0370] Example embodiments of the present disclosure may solve the problems of long switching latency, unavailable CSI during the long switching latency and reduced downlink throughput.

[0371] FIG. 27 illustrates an example of CSI report mode switching (method 2700) as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0372] In the example of FIG. 27 at step 2702, the one or more embodiments may be the same as those of FIG. 24 at step 2402.

[0373] Although it is not explicitly illustrated, method 2700 may comprise a step 2704 that is the same as FIG. 24 at step 2404.

[0374] In the example of FIG. 27 at step 2706, the one or more embodiments may be the same as those of FIG. 24 at step 2406.

[0375] In the example of FIG. 27 at step 2708, the one or more embodiments may be the same as those of FIG. 24 at step 2408.

[0376] In the example of FIG. 27 at step 2709, it may comprise a warm-up period for the wireless device to switch from the first CSI report mode to the second CSI report mode. The warm-up period may be in slots. The warm-up period may be in milliseconds (ms). The warm-up period may start from a first slot after the wireless device receives the downlink message at step 2708. The one or more RRC messages at stepDocket No.: 25-1008PCT2702 may comprise configuration parameters indicating a warm-up period. Alternatively, the downlink message at step 2708 may comprise the configuration parameters indicating the warm-up period.

[0377] In the example of FIG. 27 at step 2709, the configuration parameters of a warm-up period may indicate a start time of the warm-up period. The configuration parameters of a warm-up period may indicate an end time of the warm-up period. Alternatively, the configuration parameters of the warm-up period may indicate a length of the warm-up period. For example, the end time of the warm-up period may be a sum of the start time of the warm-up period and the length of the warm-up period. The start / end time of the warmup period may be in slot / millisecond. The length of the warm-up period may be in slots / milliseconds or a number of time instances / durations that the BS transmits the Set B of RSs in the warm-up period. The start time of the warm-up period may be an offset from the time / slot / mil liseconds when the wireless device transmits the first CSI report at step 2706. The start time of the warm-up period may be an offset from the time / slot / milliseconds when the wireless device receives the downlink message at step 2708. The offset may be in slots / milliseconds.

[0378] In the example of FIG. 27 at step 2709, the configuration parameters of the warm-up period may indicate a timer. The wireless device may start a timer from the start time of the warm-up period. The timer may expire at the end time of the warm-up period. The wireless device may transmit a capability / assistance information comprising a warm-up period that it requires to switch the CSI report mode from the first CSI report mode to the second CSI report mode. More details will be discussed in the following figures.

[0379] In the example of FIG. 27 at step 2709, the wireless device may transmit a third CSI report during the warm-up period. The third CSI report may be based on the first CSI report mode. The third CSI report mode may comprise invalid CSI fields. The invalid CSI fields may all be set to invalid values. The invalid values may be all zeros for all the bytes of the CSI fields. The invalid values may be all OxFF for all the bytes of the CSI fields. The wireless device may perform preparation work during the warm-up period. The wireless device may skip / drop the third CSI reports during the warm-up period. The preparation work may be loading an AL / ML model into the memory of an AI / ML inference accelerator to be ready for performing inference.

[0380] Although it is not explicitly illustrated in the example of FIG. 27 at step 2709, the wireless device may finish the preparation work for the second CSI report mode before the warm-up period ends. The wireless device may start step 2710 before the warm-up period ends. The one or more embodiments of step 2710 may be the same as the step 2410 of FIG. 24. The BS may switch to the second CSI report mode based on receiving the second CSI report comprising valid CSI fields.

[0381] Example embodiments of the present disclosure may solve the problems of long switching latency, unavailable CSI during the long switching latency and reduced downlink throughput.Docket No.: 25-1008PCT

[0382] FIG. 28A illustrates an example of configuration of the uplink signal as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0383] In the example of FIG. 28A, the uplink signal of FIG. 25 at step 2507 may be a PUCCH comprising / indicating a scheduling request (SR). The CSI report configuration may be the same as the example embodiment of the CSI report configuration of FIG. 25 at step 2502 except that it may comprise a field (e.g., schedulingRequestID-Switching) being set to a value of a scheduling request ID (e.g., SchedulingRequestld IE) for the CSI report mode switching request. The one or more RRC messages may comprise one or more SR resource configurations (e.g., SchedulingRequestResourceConfig IE). A SR resource configuration of the one or more SR resource configurations may comprise a value of a scheduling request ID for the CSI report mode switching request. The SR resource configuration may comprise a periodicityAndOffset field indicating a periodicity and an offset of the periodicity for the PUCCH resource.

[0384] FIG. 28B illustrates an example of configuration of the uplink signal as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0385] In the example of FIG. 28B, the uplink signal of FIG. 25 at step 2507 may be a UE-initiated beam report (UEIBR). The CSI report configuration may be the same as the example embodiment of the CSI report configuration of FIG. 25 at step 2502 except that it may comprise a field (e.g., ueibrEventlD-Switching) being set to a value of a UE-initiated beam report ID (e.g., via UElBREventld IE) for the CSI report mode switching request. The configuration parameters of a resource carrying a UEIBR will be discussed in FIG. 28C below.

[0386] FIG. 28C illustrates an example of configuration of a UEIBR as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0387] In the example of FIG. 28C, one or more RRC messages may comprise one or more first PUCCH resource configurations for UEIBR. A first PUCCH resource configuration of UEIBR may comprise a UEIBR resource ID (e.g., ueibrResourcelD). The first PUCCH resource configuration may comprise one or more UEIBR event IDs (e.g., ueibrEventIDs). The first PUCCH resource may be configured with a maximum of maxUEIBREventIDsPerResource UEIBR event IDs. The one or more UEIBR event IDs may comprise a UEIBR event ID being set to a value of a UE-initiated beam event ID for a CSI report mode switching request.

[0388] Example embodiments of the present disclosure may solve the problems of long switching latency, unavailable CSI during the long switching latency and reduced downlink throughput.

[0389] FIG. 29A illustrates an example configuration of the uplink signal as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.Docket No.: 25-1008PCT

[0390] In the example of FIG. 29A, the uplink signal of FIG. 25 at step 2507 may be a RRC message. The RRC message may comprise UE assistance information for assisting the BS determining switching the CSI report mode. The UE assistance information for assisting the BS determining switching the CSI report mode may be an OverloadAssistance IE as shown in FIG. 29A. The OverloadAssistence IE may comprise a new CSI report mode field (e.g., newCSIReportMode). The newCSIReportMode may be set to a second value indicating a request to switch to the second CSI report mode.

[0391] In the example of FIG. 29A, the OverLoadAssistance IE may comprise a field (e.g., remainingBatteryLife) indicating remaining batter life of the wireless device. The remainingBatteryLife field may be set to a value indicating a percentage of remaining battery life of the wireless device. The OverLoadAssistance IE may comprise a field (e.g., beamPredictionAccuracy) indicating a beam prediction accuracy of the wireless device. The beam prediction accuracy may be set to a value indicating a percentage of accuracy. The OverLoadAssistance IE may comprise a field (e.g., pCPULoad) indicating a PCPU load of the wireless device. The pCPULoad field may be set to a value indicating a percentage of an average number of occupied PCPUs over a maximum number of PCPUs of the wireless device.

[0392] In the example of FIG. 29A, the pCPULoad field may be set to a value indicating the average number of occupied prediction CSI processing units (PCPUs). The OverLoadAssistance IE may comprise a field (e.g., gpuLoad) indicating a load of one or more general-purpose processing units (GPUs) of the wireless device. The GPUs may be shared among beam prediction tasks and other AI / ML tasks of the wireless device. For example, other AI / ML tasks may be other CSI processing tasks. For another example, other AI / ML tasks may be AI / ML tasks for running applications at the wireless device. The gpuLoad field may be set to a value indicating an average load of GPUs of the wireless device. The average load of GPUs may be set to a percentage number.

[0393] Although it is not explicitly shown in FIG. 29A, an UEAssistencelnfoamtion-v1900-IEs IE may comprise the OverloadAssistence IE. An UEAssistencelnfomation-v1800-1 Es IE may comprise a field of nonCriticalExtension that has type of UEAssistencelnfoamtion-v1900-IEs.

[0394] FIG. 29B illustrates an example configuration of the uplink signal as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0395] In the example of FIG. 29B, the uplink signal of FIG. 25 at step 2507 may be a RRC message. The RRC message may comprise UE assistance information for assisting the BS determining switching the CSI report mode. The UE assistance information for assisting the BS determining switching the CSI report mode may be an OverheatingAssistence-r1 IE as shown in FIG. 29B. The Overheating Assistence-r1 IE may comprise a new field, e.g., newCSIReportMode being set to a value indicating the first CSI report mode or the second CSI report mode.Docket No.: 25-1008PCT

[0396] Example embodiments of the present disclosure may solve the problems of long switching latency, unavailable CSI during the long switching latency and reduced downlink throughput.

[0397] FIG. 30 illustrates an example of the downlink control message as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0398] In the example of FIG. 30, the downlink control message may be an embodiment of the downlink control message shown in FIG. 24A at step 2408. The downlink control message may be an RRC message. The RRC message may be an RRCReconfiguration IE comprising an RRCReconfiguration-IEs IE. The RRCReconfiguration-IEs may comprise a field (e.g., nonCritical Extension) with a type of RRCReconfiguration-v1530-1 Es IE. The RRCReconfiguration-v1530-1 Es IE may comprise a field (e.g., masterCellGroup) comprising asn.1 encoded bytes of a CeliGroupConfig IE for a master cell group.

[0399] In the example of FIG. 30, the CeliGroupConfig IE of a master cell group may comprise a field (e.g., spCellConfig) with a type of SpCeliConfig IE for a primary cell of the master cell group. The SpCellConfig IE may comprise a field (e.g., spCellConfigDedicated) of type of ServingCellConfig IE. The ServingCellConfig IE may comprise a field (e.g., csi-MeasConfig) being set to an CSI-MeasConfig IE for 'Setup' or a NULL for 'Release'. The CSI-MeasConfig IE may comprise a list of CSI report configurations, e.g., a csi-ReportConfigToAddAndModList. A CSI report configuration of the csi-ReportConfigToAddAndModList may have the same example embodiments as FIG. 24 at step 2402. The BS may set the field of csi-ReportMode to the second CSI report mode for the same CSI report configuration indicating switching from the first CSI report mode to the second CSI report mode.

[0400] In the example of FIG. 30, the RRC message may also be an example embodiment of FIG. 25 at step 2508. The wireless device may receive the RRC message comprising the csi-ReportMode being set to the second CSI report mode indicating rejecting switching from the second CSI report mode to the first CSI report mode.

[0401] Although it is not explicitly illustrated in FIG. 30, the one or more RRC parameters may comprise a cause field while indicating rejecting switching from the second CSI report mode to the first CSI report mode. The cause field may indicate that the BS does not have enough computation resources for performing the prediction based on the first CSI report mode. The cause field may indicate that the wireless device does not have enough privilege.

[0402] FIG. 31 A illustrates an example of the downlink control message as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0403] In the example of FIG. 31A, the downlink control message may be an embodiment of the downlink control message shown in FIG. 24A at step 2408. The downlink message may be a MAC CE. The MAC CE may be named a CSI report mode indication MAC CE. The MAC CE comprises five R fields that each R field has 1 bit in length. A R field may be a reserved bit (set to 0). The MAC CE comprises a Serving Cell IDDocket No.: 25-1008PCTfield. The serving Cell ID field may be 5 bits in length. The serving Cell ID field may be set to a value indicating an ID of the serving cell. The MAC CE comprises a BWP ID field. The BWP ID field may be 2 bits in length. The BWP ID field may be set to a value indicating an ID of the BWP.

[0404] In the example of FIG. 31A, the MAC CE comprises four Si fields, where 0<i<4. A Si field may indicate the CSI report mode of a CSI report configuration within a list of CSI report configurations (e.g . , csi-ReportConfigToAddModList) of the one or more RRC messages shown in FIG. 24 at step 2402. The field So may be used for a CSI report configuration, comprising a CSI report mode field, in the indicated BWP and has a lowest CSi-ReportConfigld within the list of CSI report configurations. The field Si may be used for a CSI report configuration, comprising the CSI report mode field, in the indicated BWP and has the second lowest CSI-ReportConfigld within the list of CSI report configurations, and so on. The Si field may be ignored based on the number of CSI report configurations in the list of CSI report configurations, comprising the CSI report mode field, is less than i+1. The S, field may be set to a first value, e.g., 0, indicating the first CSI report mode. The S, field may be set to a second value, e.g., 1 , indicating the second CSI report mode.

[0405] Although it is not explicitly illustrated in FIG. 31 A, the MAC CE may be applicable to a CSI report configurating comprising a reportConf igType being set to one or more specific values. The one or more specific values may only comprise 'periodic'. The one or more specific values may be hard coded, e.g., without configurability by the one or more RRC messages. The one or more specific values may be indicated in the one or more RRC messages The one or more specific values may be indicated in the MAC CE, e.g., via / using one or more fields.

[0406] In the example of FIG. 31 A, the MAC CE may be an embodiment of the downlink control message shown in FIG. 25A at step 2508. The Si field may indicate accepting CSI mode switching if the indicated CSI report mode is different from the CSI report mode that the wireless device is currently using. The Si field may indicate rejection CSI mode switching if the indicated CSI report mode is the same as the CSI report mode that the wireless device is currently using. Alternatively, the Si field may be set to a first value, e.g., 1 , indicating accepting CSI mode switching. The Si field may be set to a second value, e.g., 0, indicating rejection CSI mode switching.

[0407] FIG. 31 B illustrates an example of the downlink control message as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0408] In the example of FIG. 31 B, the downlink control message may be an embodiment of the downlink control message shown in FIG. 24A at step 2408. The downlink message may be a DCI. The DCI may have a format 2_X. The DCI format 2_X may comprise one or more Si bits as the example embodiments of the Si fields shown in FIG. 31 A. The DCI format 2_X may have CRC scrambled by a csi-mode-switching-RNTI.Docket No.: 25-1008PCT

[0409] In the example of FIG. 31 B, the one or more RRC messages may comprise a PhysicalCellGroupConfig IE. The PhysicalCellGroupConfig IE may comprise a field of CSI report mode switching RNTI (e.g., csi-mode-switching-RNTI). The wireless device may, based on receiving a DCI with CRC scrambled by the csi-mode-switching-RNTI, switch the CSI report mode from the first CSI report mode to the second CSI report mode for one or more CSI report configurations. The corresponding Si bits for the one or more CSI report configurations may be set to the second value indicating the second CSI report mode.

[0410] FIG. 31 C illustrates an example of the downlink control message as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0411] In the example of FIG. 31 C, the downlink control message may be an embodiment of the downlink control message shown in FIG. 24A at step 2408. The downlink message may be a DCI. The one or more RRC messages may comprise a CSI measurement configuration, e.g., CSI-MeasConfig IE. The CSI-MeasConfig IE may comprise a field to enable / disable CSI report mode switching, e.g., csiReportModeSwitching. The csiReportModeSwitching field may be set to a value of ‘Enabled’ to enable dynamic CSI report mode switching via the DCI.

[0412] FIG. 31 D illustrates an example of the downlink control message as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0413] In the example of FIG. 31 D, the DCI may be a DCI format 0_1 / 0_2 / 0_3. The DCI format may comprise a field of CSI report mode. The field of CSI report mode may be 1 bit if the RRC parameter csiReportModeSwitching is set to be 'enabled'. The field of CSI report mode may be 0 bit if the RRC parameter csiReportModeSwitching is set to be ‘disabled’. The wireless device may receive the field of CSI report mode being set to a first value, e.g., 0, indicating the first CSI report mode. The wireless device may receive the field of CSI report mode being set to second value, e.g., 1, indicating the second CSI report mode. The wireless device may receive the field of CSI report mode being set to a first value, e.g., 0, indicating rejecting switching a current CSI report mode. The wireless device may receive the field of CSI report mode being set to second value, e.g., 1 , indicating accepting switching the current CSI report mode.

[0414] Although it is not explicitly illustrated in the example of FIG. 31C, the wireless device may expect to receive the CSI report mode field indicating switching of the CSI report mode for a subset of CSI report configurations. Each CSI report configuration of the subset of CSI report configurations may comprise a parameter of reportConfigType being set to ‘semiPersistentOnPUSCH’. Each CSI report configuration of the subset of CSI report configurations may comprise a parameter of reportConfigType being set to ‘aperiodic’.

[0415] Example embodiments of the present disclosure may solve the problems of long switching latency, unavailable CSI during the long switching latency and reduced downlink throughput.Docket No.: 25-1008PCT

[0416] FIG. 32 illustrates an example of CSI report mode switching (method 3200) as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0417] In the example of FIG. 32 at step 3202, one or more example embodiments may be the same as shown in FIG. 22 at step 2202.

[0418] In the example of FIG. 32 at step 3204, one or more example embodiments may be the same as shown in FIG. 22 at step 2204.

[0419] In the example of FIG. 32 at step 3205, one or more example embodiments may be the same as shown in FIG. 22 at step 2205.

[0420] In the example of FIG. 32 at step 3206, one or more example embodiments may be the same as shown in FIG. 22 at step 2206.

[0421] In the example of FIG. 32 at step 3208, one or more example embodiments may be the same as shown in FIG. 22 at step 2208.

[0422] In the example of FIG. 32 at step 3210, the wireless device may transmit a second CSI report for the second CSI configuration. In response to the downlink message at step 3208. The wireless device may continue measuring the Set B of RSs, e.g., not discarding measurements of the Set B of RSs for computing CSI of the first CSI report. The wireless device may continue measuring the Set B of RSs based on both the first CSI report configuration and the second CSI report configuration indicating the first CSI resource configuration.

[0423] Although it is not explicitly illustrated in FIG. 32, the first CSI report configuration may comprise a field indicating the second CSI report configuration as a peer CSI report configuration. The second CSI report configuration may comprise a field indicating the first CSI report configuration as a peer CSI report configuration. The wireless device may not expect to receive a downlink message, e.g., a DCI, requesting CSI reports comprising two CSI report configurations that are peer to each other. The wireless device may share measurement results among CSI report configurations that are peer to each other.

[0424] In the example of FIG. 32 at step 3205 and step 3208, the first downlink message and the second downlink message may both be a DCI. The DCI format may be DCI format 0_1 / 0_2 / 0_3.

[0425] Example embodiments of the present disclosure may solve the problems of long switching latency, unavailable CSI during the long switching latency and reduced downlink throughput.

[0426] FIG. 33 illustrates an example of capabilities report (method 3300) as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0427] In the example of FIG. 33 at step 3302, a base station (BS) may transmit capability / assistance information request of a wireless device (WD) for support of dynamic switching of a CSI report mode among a first CSI report mode and a second CSI report mode for a CSI report configuration. The exampleDocket No.: 25-1008PCTembodiment of the first CSI report mode and the second CSI report mode may be the same as shown in FIG. 24.

[0428] In the example of FIG. 33 at step 3304, the WD may transmit capability / assistance information indicating support of dynamic switching of dynamic switching of the CSI report mode among the first CSI report mode and the second CSI report mode. The capability / assistance information support of dynamic switching of dynamic switching of the CSI report mode among the first CSI report mode and the second CSI report mode may be named csi-ModeSwitching / beamPrediction-ModeSwitching.

[0429] In the example of FIG. 33 at step 3306, the wireless device may receive one or more RRC messages comprising a CSI report configuration, wherein the CSI report configuration indicates a CSI report mode being the first CSI report mode or the second CSI report mode.

[0430] Although it is not explicitly illustrated in FIG. 33 at step 3302, the capability / assistance information request may indicate whether the wireless device supports initiating a switching from the second CSI report mode to the first CSI report mode. The capability / assistance information request may indicate how long a maximum warm up duration is for the wireless device to switch from the second CSI report mode to the first CSI report mode. The capability / assistance information request may indicate whether the wireless device supports indicating a CSI report mode field in a CSI report.

[0431] Example embodiments of the present disclosure may solve the problems of long switching latency, unavailable CSI during the long switching latency and reduced downlink throughput.

[0432] In the present disclosure, the one or more RRC messages are used as an example for one or more downlink messages. The one or more downlink messages may be one or more layer 2 messages (e.g., MAC CE, MAC sub header, and / or the like), one or more Layer 1 messages (e.g., DCI, PDCCH, PDSCH, and / or the like), one or more system information messages (e.g., SIB1 , SIBx, MIB, and / or the like), and / or the like.

[0433] FIG. 34 illustrates an example of method 3400 as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure. Method 3400 may be performed by a wireless device (WD) of FIG. 23, FIG. 24, FIG. 25, FIG.26, FIG. 27, FIG. 28A, FIG. 28B, FIG. 28C, FIG. 29A, FIG. 29B, FIG. 30, FIG. 31A, FIG. 31B, FIG. 31C, FIG.31D, FIG. 32 and FIG. 33.

[0434] In the example of FIG. 34 at step 3402, a wireless device receives one or more RRC messages indicating a CSI report configuration, wherein the CSI report configuration indicates a first CSI resource configuration indicating one or more first RSs, a second CSI resource configuration indicating one or more second RSs, and a parameter indicating a CSI report mode, wherein a first value of the parameter indicates a first CSI report mode for reporting measured radio link qualities of the one or more first RSs and a second value of the parameter indicates a second CSI report mode for reporting at least one RS resource indicator indicating at least one RS of the one or more second RSs, wherein the reporting of the at least one RSDocket No.: 25-1008PCTresource indicator is based on prediction of radio link qualities of one or more RSs of the one or more second RSs.

[0435] In the example of FIG. 34 at step 3404, in response to the parameter being set to the first value, the wireless device transmits, based on the first CSI report mode, a first CSI report indicating the measured radio link qualities of the one or more first RSs.

[0436] In the example of FIG. 34 at step 3406, the wireless device receives a downlink message indicating to switch the CSI report mode, for the CSI report configuration, from the first CSI report mode to the second CSI report mode.

[0437] In the example of FIG. 34 at step 3408, in response to the downlink message, the wireless device transmits, based on the second CSI report mode, a second CSI report comprising the at least one RS resource indicator indicating the at least one RS of the one or more second RSs.

[0438] FIG. 35 illustrates an example of method 3500 as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure. Method 3400 may be performed by a base station (BS) of FIG. 23, FIG. 24, FIG. 25, FIG. 26, FIG. 27, FIG. 28A, FIG. 28B, FIG. 28C, FIG. 29A, FIG. 29B, FIG. 30, FIG. 31A, FIG. 31B, FIG. 31C, FIG.31 D, FIG. 32 and FIG. 33.

[0439] In the example of FIG. 35 at step 3502, a BS transmits one or more RRC messages indicating a CSI report configuration, wherein the CSI report configuration indicates a first CSI resource configuration indicating one or more first RSs, a second CSI resource configuration indicating one or more second RSs, and a parameter indicating a CSI report mode, wherein a first value of the parameter indicates a first CSI report mode for reporting measured radio link qualities of the one or more first RSs and a second value of the parameter indicates a second CSI report mode for reporting at least one RS resource indicator indicating at least one RS of the one or more second RSs, wherein the reporting of the at least one RS resource indicator is based on prediction of radio link qualities of one or more RSs of the one or more second RSs.

[0440] In the example of FIG. 35 at step 3504, in response to the parameter being set to the first value, the BS receives, based on the first CSI report mode, a first CSI report indicating the measured radio link qualities of the one or more first RSs.

[0441] In the example of FIG. 35 at step 3506, the BS transmits a downlink message indicating to switch the CSI report mode, for the CSI report configuration, from the first CSI report mode to the second CSI report mode.

[0442] In the example of FIG. 35 at step 3508, in response to the downlink message, the BS receives, based on the second CSI report mode, a second CSI report comprising the at least one RS resource indicator indicating the at least one RS of the one or more second RSs.Docket No.: 25-1008PCT

[0443] Example embodiments of the present disclosure may solve the problems of long switching latency, unavailable CSI during the long switching latency and reduced downlink throughput.

[0444] Based on one or more example embodiments of FIG. 23, FIG. 24, FIG. 25, FIG. 26, FIG. 27, FIG.28A, FIG. 28B, FIG. 280, FIG. 29A, FIG. 29B, FIG. 30, FIG. 31A, FIG. 31 B, FIG. 31C, FIG. 31D, FIG. 32 and FIG. 33, a method is provided. The method comprises a wireless device determining a CSI report mode from a first CSI report mode for reporting measured radio link qualities of one or more first reference signal (RSs) and a second CSI report mode for reporting at least one RS resource indicator indicating at least one RS of one or more second RSs, wherein the at least one RS resource indicator is determined based on predicted radio link qualities of one or more RSs of the one or more second RSs. The method comprises transmitting a CSI report based on the determined CSI report mode.

[0445] Additional aspects of the embodiments of the present disclosure are provided below. It should be understood that these aspects may be combined, or substituted for, any of the embodiments in the present disclosure, including those illustrated in FIG. 23, FIG. 24, FIG. 25, FIG. 26, FIG. 27, FIG. 28A, FIG. 28B, FIG. 28C, FIG. 29A, FIG. 29B, FIG. 30, FIG. 31A, FIG. 31B, FIG. 31C, FIG. 31D, FIG. 32 and FIG. 33.

[0446] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises receiving one or more RRC messages indicating a CSI report configuration, wherein the CSI report configuration indicates a first CSI resource configuration indicating the one or more first RSs and a second CSI resource configuration indicating the one or more second RSs.

[0447] According to an example embodiment, the CSI report configuration indicates a serving cell index.

[0448] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises receiving a parameter indicating one of the first and second CSI report modes, wherein the CSI report mode is determined from the first and second CSI report modes such that the determined CSI report mode is the indicated one of the first and second CSI report modes.

[0449] According to an example embodiment, a first value of the parameter indicates the first CSI report mode and a second value of the parameter indicates the second CSI report mode.

[0450] According to an example embodiment, the parameter is included in (and / or indicated by) the CSI report configuration.

[0451] According to an example embodiment, the CSI report is transmitted based on the first CSI report mode, based on (e.g ., in response to) the parameter being set to the first value and the CSI report indicates the measured radio link qualities of the one or more first RSs.

[0452] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises not receiving (e.g., determining that the CSI report configuration does not comprise) a parameter indicating one of the first and second CSI report modes, wherein one of the first and second CSI reports mode is a default / preset CSI report modeDocket No.: 25-1008PCT(e.g., the first CSI report mode) and based on not receiving the parameter, the CSI report mode is determined such that the determined CSI report mode is the default / preset CSI report mode.

[0453] According to an example embodiment, the first CSI report mode is the default / preset CSI report mode.

[0454] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises receiving a DL switching request (i.e., a DL signal / message indicating the switching request) indicating to switch the determined CSI report mode, for the CSI report configuration, from the first CSI report mode to the second CSI report mode.

[0455] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises, based on (e.g., in response to) the DL switching request indicating to switch the determined CSI report mode, transmitting, based on the second CSI report mode, another CSI report comprising the at least one RS resource indicator indicating the at least one RS of the one or more second RSs.

[0456] According to an example embodiment, the measured radio link qualities of the one or more first RSs comprise one or more of reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ) and signal-to-noise and interference radio (SINR).

[0457] According to an example embodiment, the predicted radio link qualities of the one or more RSs of the one or more second RSs comprise one or more of reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ) and signal-to-noise and interference radio (SINR).

[0458] According to an example embodiment, the one or more first RSs are one of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) and non-zero power CSI RSs (NZP-CSI-RSs).

[0459] According to an example embodiment, the one or more second RSs are one of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs), non-zero power CSI RSs (NZP-CSI-RSs) and prediction RSs.

[0460] According to an example embodiment, the prediction RSs are un-transmitted (e.g., configured but not transmitted) SSBs .According to an example embodiment, the prediction RSs are un-transmitted (e.g., configured but not transmitted) NZP-CSI-RSs.

[0461] According to an example embodiment, the at least one RS resource indicator is one of: an SSB resource indicator (SSBRI) and CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI).

[0462] According to an example embodiment, the CSI report configuration comprises a field indicating presence of a CSI report mode field in the CSI report and the CSI report mode field indicates a CSI report mode of the CSI report.

[0463] According to an example embodiment, the transmitted CSI report comprises a CSI report mode field, a first value of the CSI report mode field in the transmitted CSI report indicates that a CSI report mode of the transmitted CSI report is the first CSI report mode and a second value of the CSI report mode field in the transmitted CSI report indicates that the CSI report mode of the transmitted CSI report is the second CSI report mode.Docket No.: 25-1008PCT

[0464] According to an example embodiment, the one or more RRC messages comprise one or more configuration parameters of a UL switching request (i.e., an UL signal indicating the switching request) and the UL switching request is for requesting a switching of a CSI report mode, for the CSI report configuration, from the second CSI report mode to the first CSI report mode or a switching from the first CSI report mode to the second CSI report mode.

[0465] According to an example embodiment, the one or more RRC messages comprise one or more configuration parameters for triggering the transmission of the UL switching request.

[0466] According to an example embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters for triggering the transmission of the UL switching request comprise one or more thresholds for triggering the transmission of the UL switching request.

[0467] According to an example embodiment, the triggering the transmission of UL switching request is based on that at least one threshold of the one or more thresholds are satisfied.

[0468] According to an example embodiment, the triggering the transmission of UL switching request is based on all the thresholds of the one or more thresholds are satisfied.

[0469] According to an example embodiment, the UL switching request is for requesting the switching of the CSI report mode, for the CSI report configuration, from the second CSI report mode to the first CSI report mode.

[0470] According to an example embodiment, a threshold of the one or more thresholds is an average number of occupied CSI processing units (CPUs) for calculating CSI based on the second CSI report mode.

[0471] According to an example embodiment, a threshold of the one or more thresholds is an average utilization ratio of an artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) accelerator at the wireless device.

[0472] According to an example embodiment, a threshold of the one or more thresholds is a remaining battery life of the wireless device.

[0473] According to an example embodiment, a threshold of the one or more thresholds is an average beam prediction accuracy.

[0474] According to an example embodiment, a threshold of the one or more thresholds is the temperature of the wireless device.

[0475] According to an example embodiment, the temperature is in Fahrenheit.

[0476] According to an example embodiment, the temperature is Celsius.

[0477] According to an example embodiment, the determined CSI report mode is the second CSI report mode and the method comprises transmitting the UL switching request for requesting the switching of the CSI report mode, for the CSI report configuration, from the second CSI report mode to the first CSI report mode.Docket No.: 25-1008PCT

[0478] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises starting, by the wireless device, a timer based on (e.g., in response to) transmitting the UL switching request for requesting the switching of the CSI report mode, for the CSI report configuration, from the second CSI report mode to the first CSI report mode.

[0479] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises receiving, by the wireless device and before the timer expires, a downlink message indicating an acceptance of the UL switching request.

[0480] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises receiving, by the wireless device and before the timer expires, a downlink message indicating a rejection of the UL switching request.

[0481] According to an example embodiment, the downlink message indicating the rejection of the UL switching request indicates a reason for the rejection.

[0482] According to an example embodiment, the reason for the rejection is one or more of that a base station does not have enough computing power for calculating the predicted radio link qualities of the one or more RSs of the one or more second RSs and that the wireless device does not have enough privilege to access the computing power of the base station.

[0483] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises not receiving (e.g., the wireless device determining that the wireless has failed to receive the downlink message), by the wireless device and before the timer expires, a downlink message in response to transmitting the UL switching request.

[0484] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises re-transmitting the UL switching request based on (e.g., in response to) not receiving, before the time expires, the downlink message indicating an acceptance or a rejection of the UL switching request and a number of retransmissions of the UL switching request not exceeding a maximum number of retransmissions.

[0485] According to an example embodiment, the UL switching request is a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH).

[0486] According to an example embodiment, the one or more configuration parameters of the UL switching request comprises one or more of a periodicity of the PUCCH and an offset of the PUCCH.

[0487] According to an example embodiment, the UL switching request is an RRC message.

[0488] According to an example embodiment, the RRC message corresponding to the UL switching request is UE assistance information.

[0489] According to an example embodiment, the UE assistance information comprises overheating assistance information.

[0490] According to an example embodiment, the overheating assistance information indicates that the wireless device prefers to switch from the second CSI report mode to the first CSI report mode for the CSI report configuration.Docket No.: 25-1008PCT

[0491] According to an example embodiment, the CSI report configuration comprises a parameter indicating a report configuration type being a periodic CSI reporting.

[0492] According to an example embodiment, the DL switching request indicating to switch the determined CSI report mode for the CSI report configuration is an RRC message.

[0493] According to an example embodiment, the RRC message corresponding to the DL switching request comprises a CSI report configuration identifier (ID) identifying the CSI report configuration.

[0494] According to an example embodiment, the RRC message corresponding to the DL switching request indicates a time interval for the wireless device to switch the determined CSI report mode, for the CSI report configuration, from the first CSI report mode to the second CSI report mode.

[0495] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises continuing to transmit, during the time interval, based on the first CSI report mode, an additional CSI report comprising one or more radio link qualities of the one or more first RSs.

[0496] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises transmitting, during the time interval, an additional CSI report comprising invalid CSI report fields.

[0497] According to an example embodiment, each of the invalid CSI report fields is set to zero.

[0498] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises transmitting, during the time interval, an RRC message indicating a rejection to the DL switching request indicating to switch the determined CSI report mode, for the CSI report configuration, from the first CSI report mode to the second CSI report mode.

[0499] According to an example embodiment, the RRC message indicating the rejection to the DL switching request comprises a cause field indicating a cause for the rejection to the DL switching request.

[0500] According to an example embodiment, a value of the cause field indicates that the cause for the rejection to the DL switching request is a lack of a computation resource at the wireless device.

[0501] According to an example embodiment, a value of the cause field indicates that the cause of the rejection to the DL switching request is a lack of a battery power at the wireless device.

[0502] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises continuing to measure the one or more first RSs based on the first CSI resource configuration.

[0503] According to an example embodiment, the DL switching request indicating to switch the determined CSI report mode for the CSI report configuration is a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE).

[0504] According to an example embodiment, the MAC CE corresponding to the DL switching request comprises a CSI report configuration identifier (ID) identifying the CSI report configuration.

[0505] According to an example embodiment, the MAC CE corresponding to the DL switching request comprises a bitmap indicating one or more CSI report configurations.Docket No.: 25-1008PCT

[0506] According to an example embodiment, the bitmap comprises one or more bit fields and each of the one or more bit fields indicates a switching a CSI report mode of each of the one or more CSI report configurations.

[0507] According to an example embodiment, the bit map comprises a first bit field and a second bit field, the first bit field indicates a switching of a CSI report mode of the first CSI report configuration and the second bit field indicates a switching of a CSI report mode of the second CSI report configuration.

[0508] According to an example embodiment, a bit indicated by the first bit field is a more significant bit as compared to a bit indicated by the second bit field, the bit indicated by the second bit is a less significant bit as compared to the bit indicated by the first bit field and a value of a CSI report configuration identifier identifying the first CSI report configuration is less than a value of a CSI report configuration identifier identifying the second CSI report configuration.

[0509] According to an example embodiment, a bit indicated by the first bit field is a more significant bit as compared to a bit indicated by the second bit field, the bit indicated by the second bit is a less significant bit as compared to the bit indicated by the first bit field and a value of a CSI report configuration identifier identifying the first CSI report configuration is greater than a value of a CSI report configuration identifier identifying the second CSI report configuration.

[0510] According lo an example embodiment, a first value of the first bit field indicates the switching of CSI report mode, of the first CSI report configuration, from the first CSI report mode to the second CSI report mode and a second value of the first bit field indicates the switching of CSI report mode, of the first CSI report configuration, from the second CSI report mode to the first CSI report mode.

[0511] According to an example embodiment, a first value of the second bit field indicates the switching of CSI report mode, of the second CSI report configuration, from the first CSI report mode to the second CSI report mode and a second value of the second bit field indicates the switching of CSI report mode, of the second CSI report configuration, from the second CSI report mode to the first CSI report mode.

[0512] According to an example embodiment, the MAC CE corresponding to the DL switching request indicates a time interval for the wireless device to switch the CSI report mode, for the CSI report configuration, from the first CSI report mode to the second CSI report mode.

[0513] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises transmitting, during the time interval, based on the first CSI report mode, an additional CSI report comprising one or more radio link qualities of the one or more first RSs.

[0514] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises transmitting, during the time interval, an additional CSI report comprising invalid CSI report fields.

[0515] According to an example embodiment, each of the invalid CSI report fields is set to zero.Docket No.: 25-1008PCT

[0516] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises transmitting, during the time interval, another MAC CE confirming to switch the CSI report mode from the first CSI report mode to the second CSI report mode (e.g., accepting the DL switching request).

[0517] According to an example embodiment, the MAC CE corresponding to the DL switching request indicates a first time interval for the wireless device to switch a CSI report mode, for a first CSI report configuration, from the first CSI report mode to the second CSI report mode and a second time interval for the wireless device to switch a CSI report mode, for a second CSI report configuration, from the first CSI report mode to the second CSI report mode.

[0518] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises transmitting, during the first time interval and based on the first CSI report mode, a CSI report for the first CSI report configuration.

[0519] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises transmitting, during the second time interval and based on the first CSI report mode, a CSI report for the second CSI report configuration.

[0520] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises transmitting, during the first time interval, a CSI report for the first CSI report configuration, wherein the CSI report for the first CSI report configuration comprises invalid CSI report fields.

[0521] According to an example embodiment, each of the invalid CSI report fields is set to zero.

[0522] According to an example embodiment, the another MAC CE comprises a bitmap.

[0523] According to an example embodiment, the bitmap in the another MAC CE comprises one or more bit fields and each of the one or more bit fields in the bitmap in the another MAC CE indicates confirming or rejecting a request to switch a CSI report mode, for each of one or more CSI report configurations, from the first CSI report mode to the second CSI report mode.

[0524] According to an example embodiment, the bit map in the another MAC CE comprises a first bit field and a second bit field, the first bit field indicates confirming or rejecting a request to switch a CSI report mode, for a first CSI report configuration, from the first CSI report mode to the second CSI report mode and the second bit field indicates confirming or rejecting a request to switch a CSI report mode, for a second CSI report configuration, from the first CSI report mode to the second CSI report mode.

[0525] According to an example embodiment, a first value of the first bit field indicates confirming the request to switch the CSI report mode, for the first CSI report configuration, from the first CSI report mode to the second CSI report mode and a second value of the first bit field indicates rejecting the request to switch the CSI report mode, for the first CSI report configuration, from the first CSI report mode to the second CSI report mode.

[0526] According to an example embodiment, a first value of the second bit field indicates confirming the request to switch the CSI report mode, for the second CSI report configuration, from the first CSI report mode to the second CSI report mode and a second value of the second bit field indicates rejecting theDocket No.: 25-1008PCTrequest to switch the CSI report mode, for the second CSI report configuration, from the first CSI report mode to the second CSI report mode.

[0527] According to an example embodiment, the DL switching request indicating to switch the determined CSI report for the CSI report configuration is a downlink control information (DCI).

[0528] According to an example embodiment, the DCI corresponding to the DL switching request comprises a CSI report configuration identifier (ID) identifying the CSI report configuration.

[0529] According to an example embodiment, the one or more RRC messages comprise a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) for the DCI corresponding to the DL switching request, indicating to the wireless device to switch the determined CSI report mode.

[0530] According to an example embodiment, the DCI corresponding to the DL switching request is an encoded DCI and a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) of the encoded DCI is scrambled with the RNTI.

[0531] According to an example embodiment, number of occupied CPUs for computation of the first CSI report is counted as CPUs, that does not have prediction, for the first CSI report mode.

[0532] According to an example embodiment, number of occupied CPUs for the second CSI report is counted as CPUs, that have prediction, for the second CSI report mode.

[0533] According to an example embodiment, a first number of CPUs needed for generating the first CSI report or for determining the measured radio link qualities of the one or more first RSs is configured and a second number of CPUs needed for generating the second CSI report, for finding the at least one RS, or for determining the predicted radio link qualities of the one or more RSs of the one or more second RSs is configured.

[0534] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises determining that a number of CPUs available at the wireless device is not greater than the second number of CPUs, wherein the UL switching request, indicating to switch the determined CSI report mode, for the CSI report configuration, from the second CSI report mode to the first CSI report mode is transmitted, based on the determination.

[0535] According to an example embodiment, the method comprises transmitting, by the wireless device, capability / assistant information indicating that the wireless device supports a dynamic switching of two CSI report modes (e.g., the first and second CSI report modes, recited in claim 1) of one CSI report configuration (e.g., the CSI report configuration recited in claim 2).

[0536] According to an example embodiment, the capability / assistant information indicates that the wireless device supports initiating a dynamic switching from the second CSI report mode to the first CSI report mode.

[0537] According to an example embodiment, the capability / assistant information indicates a warm up period for the wireless device to switch from the first CSI report mode to the second CSI report mode.Docket No.: 25-1008PCT

[0538] According to one or more example embodiments, a wireless device receives one or more RRC messages indicating a first CSI report configuration indicating a first CSI resource configuration indicating one or more first reference signals (RSs), a second CSI report configuration indicating the first CSI resource configuration indicating the one or more first RSs and a second CSI resource configuration indicating one or more second RSs.

[0539] According to one or more example embodiments, the wireless device receives a first downlink message requesting to transmit a CSI report based on the first CSI report configuration, based on (e.g., in response to) the first downlink message, transmitting a first CSI report comprising one or more radio link qualities of the one or more first RSs.

[0540] According to one or more example embodiments, the wireless device receives a second downlink message requesting to transmit a CSI report based on the second CSI report configuration and based on (e.g., in response to) the second downlink message, continuing to measure the one or more first RSs and transmits, a second CSI report comprising at least one RS resource indicator indicating at least one RS of the one or more second RSs, wherein the at least one RS resource indicator is determined based on predicted radio link qualities of one or more RSs of the one or more second RSs.

[0541] According to an example embodiment, the first CSI report configuration comprises a parameter indicating a report configuration type being a periodic CSI reporting.

[0542] According to an example embodiment, the second CSI report configuration comprises a parameter indicating a report configuration type being a periodic CSI reporting.

[0543] According to an example embodiment, the second downlink message is an RRC reconfiguration message.

[0544] According to an example embodiment, the first CSI report configuration further comprises a parameter indicating a report configuration type being an aperiodic CSI reporting.

[0545] According to an example embodiment, the second CSI report configuration comprises a parameter indicating a report configuration type being an aperiodic CSI reporting.

[0546] According to an example embodiment, the second downlink message is a downlink control information (DCI).

[0547] According to an example embodiment, the DCI comprises a CSI request field indicating a CSI trigger state.

[0548] According to an example embodiment, the CSI trigger state is associated with a CSI report configuration identifier of the first CSI report configuration.

Claims

Docket No.: 25-1008PCTCLAIMS1. A method comprising:receiving, by a wireless device, one or more radio resource control (RRC) messages indicating a channel state information (CSI) report configuration, wherein the CSI report configuration comprises:a first identifier identifying a first CSI resource configuration indicating one or more first reference signals (RSs);a second identifier identifying a second CSI resource configuration indicating one or more second RSs; anda parameter indicating a CSI report mode, wherein:a first value of the parameter indicates a first CSI report mode for reporting measured radio link quality of the one or more first RSs; anda second value of the parameter indicates a second CSI report mode for reporting at least one RS resource indicator indicating at least one RS of the one or more second RSs, wherein the reporting of the at least one RS resource indicator is based on prediction of radio link quality of one or more RSs of the one or more second RSs;based on a value of the parameter being set to the first value, transmitting a first CSI report indicating the measured radio link quality of the one or more first RSs;receiving a downlink control command indicating to switch the CSI report mode, for the CSI report configuration, from the first CSI report mode to the second CSI report mode; and based on the downlink control command indicating to switch the CSI report mode, transmitting a second CSI report comprising the at least one RS resource indicator indicating the at least one RS of the one or more second RSs.

2. A method comprising:receiving, by a wireless device, one or more downlink messages indicating, for a channel state information (CSI) report configuration, a CSI report mode being either a first CSI report mode or a second CSI report mode, wherein:the first CSI report mode is for reporting measured radio link quality of one or more first reference signals (RSs); andthe second CSI report mode is for reporting prediction of radio link quality of one or more RSs of one or more second RSs; andtransmitting a first CSI report based on the CSI report mode.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein:the one or more downlink messages are one or more radio resource control (RRC) messages;Docket No.: 25-1008PCTthe one or more RRC messages indicate the CSI report configuration; andthe CSI report configuration comprises:a first identifier identifying a first CSI resource configuration indicating the one or more first RSs; a second identifier identifying a second CSI resource configuration indicating the one or more second RSs; anda parameter indicating the CSI report mode.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein:a first value of the parameter indicates the first CSI report mode for reporting the measured radio link quality of the one or more first RSs; and / ora second value of the parameter indicates the second CSI report mode for reporting the prediction of the radio link quality of the one or more RSs of the one or more second RSs.

5. The method of any one of claims 2-4, wherein:the prediction of the radio link quality of the one or more RSs of the one or more second RSs is reported by reporting at least one RS resource indicator indicating at least one RS of the one or more second RSs; andthe reporting of the at least one RS resource indicator is based on the prediction of the radio link quality of the one or more RSs of the one or more second RSs.

6. The method of any one of claims 3-5, wherein :the first CSI report indicates the measured radio link quality of the one or more first RSs; and the first CSI report is transmitted based on a value of the parameter indicating the first CSI report mode.

7. The method of any one of claims 2-6, further comprising receiving a downlink control command indicating to switch the CSI report mode, for the CSI report configuration, from the first CSI report mode to the second CSI report mode.

8. The method of claim 7, further comprising, based on the downlink control command indicating to switch the CSI report mode, transmitting a second CSI report comprising the at least one RS resource indicator indicating the at least one RS of the one or more second RSs.

9. The method of any of claims 2-8, wherein the one or more first RSs are one of:one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs); andone or more non-zero power channel state information reference signals (NZP-CSI-RSs).

10. The method of any one of claims 2-9, wherein the measured radio link quality of the one or more first RSs comprise one or more of:reference signal received power (RSRP) of the one or more first RSs;reference signal received quality (RSRQ) of the one or more first RSs; andDocket No.: 25-1008PCTsignal-to-noise and interference radio (SINR) of the one or more first RSs.

11. The method of any of claims 2-10, wherein the one or more second RSs are one of:one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs); andone or more non-zero power CSI RSs (NZP-CSI-RSs).

12. The method of any one of claims 2-11 , wherein the prediction of the radio link quality of the one or more RSs of the one or more second RSs comprise one or more of:predicted reference signal received power (RSRP) associated with the one or more RSs; predicted reference signal received quality (RSRQ) associated with the one or more RSs; and predicted signal-to-noise and interference radio (SINR) associated with the one or more RSs.

13. The method of any of claims 2-12, wherein the one or more downlink messages comprise configuration parameters of the CSI report configuration.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the configuration parameters of the CSI report configuration comprise a CSI report configuration identifier (ID) identifying the CSI report configuration.

15. The method of claim 13 or 14, wherein the configuration parameters of the CSI report configuration comprise a field indicating a report configuration type set to a periodic CSI reporting.

16. The method of any one of claims 13-15, wherein:the configuration parameters of the CSI report configuration comprise a field indicating presence of a CSI report mode field in the CSI report; andthe CSI report mode field of the CSI report indicates the CSI report mode.

17. The method of any of claims 2-16, further comprising transmitting capability information indicating that the wireless device supports a dynamic switching between the first CSI report mode and the second CSI report mode.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the capability information indicates a warm-up period for the wireless device to switch from the first CSI report mode to the second CSI report mode.

19. The method of claim 18, further comprising skipping or dropping a third CSI report during the warm-up period.

20. The method of any one of claims 2-19, further comprising loading an artificial intelligence machine learning (AI / ML) model to a memory of an AI / ML inference accelerator for the predication of the radio link quality based on the second CSI report mode.

21. A method comprising:receiving, by a wireless device, one or more radio resource control (RRC) messages indicating a channel state information (CSI) report configuration, wherein the CSI report configuration comprises:Docket No.: 25-1008PCTa first identifier identifying a first CSI resource configuration indicating one or more first reference signals (RSs);a second identifier identifying a second CSI resource configuration indicating one or more second RSs; anda parameter indicating a CSI report mode, wherein:a first value of the parameter indicates a first CSI report mode for reporting measured radio link quality of the one or more first RSs; anda second value of the parameter indicates a second CSI report mode for reporting at least one RS resource indicator indicating at least one RS of the one or more second RSs, wherein the reporting of the at least one RS resource indicator is based on prediction of radio link quality of one or more RSs of the one or more second RSs;based on a value of the parameter being set to the first value, transmitting a first CSI report indicating the measured radio link quality of the one or more first RSs;transmitting an uplink message indicating a request for switching the CSI report mode, for the CSI report configuration, from the first CSI report mode to the second CSI report mode; and based on transmitting the uplink message indicating the request for switching the CSI report mode, transmitting a second CSI report comprising the at least one RS resource indicator indicating the at least one RS of the one or more second RSs.

22. A method comprising:transmitting, by a wireless device, a request for switching a CSI report mode for a channel state information (CSI) report configuration from a first CSI report mode to a second CSI report mode, wherein:the first CSI report mode for reporting measured radio link quality of one or more first reference signal (RSs); andthe second CSI report mode for reporting prediction of radio link quality of one or more RSs of one or more second RSs; andtransmitting a CSI report based on the CSI report mode.

23. The method of claim 22, comprising receiving one or more radio resource control (RRC) messages indicating the CSI report configuration, wherein the CSI report configuration comprises:a first identifier identifying a first CSI resource configuration indicating the one or more first RSs; anda second identifier identifying a second CSI resource configuration indicating the one or more second RSs; anda parameter indicating the CSI report mode.Docket No.: 25-1008PCT24. The method of claim 23, wherein:a first value of the parameter indicates the first CSI report mode for reporting the measured radio link quality of the one or more first RSs; anda second value of the parameter indicates the second CSI report mode for reporting the prediction of the radio link quality of the one or more RSs of the one or more second RSs.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein:the prediction of the radio link quality of the one or more RSs of the one or more second RSs is reported by reporting at least one RS resource indicator indicating at least one RS of the one or more second RSs; andthe reporting of the at least one RS resource indicator is based on the prediction of the radio link quality of the one or more RSs of the one or more second RSs.

26. The method of any one of claims 22-25, wherein the request is transmitted by transmitting an uplink message indicating the request to switch the CSI report mode, for the CSI report configuration, from the first CSI report mode to the second CSI report mode.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein:the CSI report comprises the at least one RS resource indicator indicating the at least one RS of the one or more second RSs; andthe CSI report is transmitted based on transmitting the uplink message indicating the request to switch the CSI report mode.

28. The method of any one of claims 23-27, wherein:the CSI report is a second CSI report;the method further comprises transmitting a first CSI report, based on a value of parameter being set to the first value; andthe first CSI report indicates the measured radio link quality of the one or more first RSs.

29. The method of any one of claims 26-28, wherein the uplink message is transmitted via a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or physical uplink shared channel (RUSCH).

30. The method of any one of claims 26-28, wherein the uplink message is a radio resource control (RRC) message.

31. The method of claim 30, wherein the RRC message is user equipment (UE) assistance information.

32. The method of any one of claims 26-31 , wherein the one or more RRC messages comprise configuration parameters for the uplink message.

33. The method of claim 32, wherein the configuration parameters for the uplink message comprise one or more configuration parameters for triggering the uplink message to be transmitted.Docket No.: 25-1008PCT34. The method of claim 33, wherein the configuration parameters for triggering the uplink message to be transmitted comprise one or more thresholds.

35. The method of claim 34, wherein the uplink message is triggered to be transmitted, based on at least one threshold, of the one or more thresholds, being satisfied.

36. The method of claim 34 or 35, wherein a threshold of the one or more thresholds is an average number of occupied CSI processing units (CPUs) for calculating CSI based on the second CSI report mode.

37. The method of claim 34 or 35, wherein a threshold of the one or more thresholds is an average utilization ratio of an artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) accelerator at the wireless device.

38. The method of claim 34 or 35, wherein a threshold of the one or more thresholds is an average beam prediction accuracy.

39. The method of any one of claims 22-38, comprising receiving one or more second RRC messages comprising configuration parameters of the CSI report configuration, wherein the configuration parameters do not comprise a parameter indicating the CSI report mode.

40. The method of claim 39, wherein a default CSI report mode is determined as the CSI report mode, based on the configuration parameters of the CSI report configuration not comprising the parameter indicating the CSI report mode.

41. The method of claim 40, wherein the default CSI report mode is the first CSI report mode.

42. The method of any of claims 22-41 , wherein the one or more first RSs are one of:one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs); andone or more non-zero power channel state information reference signals (NZP-CSI-RSs).

43. The method of any of claims 22-42, wherein the measured radio link quality of the one or more first RSs comprises one or more of:reference signal received power (RSRP) of the one or more first RSs;reference signal received quality (RSRQ) of the one or more first RSs; andsignal-to-noise and interference radio (SINR) of the one or more first RSs.

44. The method of any of claims 22-43, wherein the one or more second RSs are one of:one or more synchronization signal blocks (SSBs); andone or more non-zero power CSI RSs (NZP-CSI-RSs).

45. The method of any of claims 22-44, wherein the prediction of the radio link quality of the one or more RSs of the one or more second RSs comprises one or more of:predicted reference signal received power (RSRP) associated with the one or more RSs; predicted reference signal received quality (RSRQ) associated with the one or more RSs; and predicted signal-to-noise and interference radio (SINR) associated with the one or more RSs.Docket No.: 25-1008PCT46. The method of any of claims 23-45, wherein the CSI report configuration comprises a parameter indicating a report configuration type being a periodic CSI reporting.

47. An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; andmemory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1-46.

48. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the method of any one of claims 1 -46.

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