Lubricating oil with improved deposit control

Abstract

A lubricating oil composition is described. The lubricating oil composition includes a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity, wherein the oil of lubricating viscosity is a sustainable synthetic base oil (SSBO) that is plant-derived.

Description

LUBRICATING OIL WITH IMPROVED DEPOSIT CONTROLCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U. S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 755,582, filed February 7, 2025, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.BACKGROUND

[0002] Over time, lubricants can break down leaving deposits on engine components such as pistons, valves, and the like. Modern lubricants contain additives such as detergents and dispersants that can break down or suspend these deposits. Typically, the base oil is not relied upon to provide deposit control.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0003] In one aspect, there is provided a lubricating oil composition comprising of: a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity, wherein the oil of lubricating viscosity is a sustainable synthetic base oil (SSBO) that is plant-derived.

[0004] In another aspect, there is provided a method of controlling deposit in an engine, the method comprising: lubricating the engine with a lubricating oil composition comprising of: a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity, wherein the oil of lubricating viscosity is a sustainable synthetic base oil (SSBO).

[0005] In yet another aspect, there is provided a lubricating oil composition comprising of: base oil system, wherein the base oil system comprises a sustainable synthetic base oil (SSBO) that is plant-derived.- 1 -EMF_US 86880356v1DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0006] The following terms will be used throughout the specification and will have the following meanings unless otherwise indicated.

[0007] The term “a major amount” of a base oil refers to where the amount of the base oil is at least 40 wt. % of the lubricating oil composition. In some embodiments, “a major amount” of a base oil refers to an amount of the base oil more than 50 wt. %, more than 60 wt. %, more than 70 wt. %, more than 80 wt. %, or more than 90 wt. % of the lubricating oil composition.

[0008] ‘ ‘HOB” refers to high overbased with a TBN above 250 on an actives basis and “LOB” refers to low overbased with a TBN below 100 on an actives basis.

[0009] The term “Total Base Number” or “TBN” refers to the level of alkalinity in an oil sample, which indicates the ability of the composition to continue to neutralize corrosive acids, in accordance with ASTM Standard No. D2896 or equivalent procedure. The test measures the change in electrical conductivity, and the results are expressed as mgKOH / g (the equivalent number of milligrams of KOH needed to neutralize 1 gram of a product). Therefore, a high TBN reflects strongly overbased products and, as a result, a higher base reserve for neutralizing acids.

[0010] The present disclosure relates to lubricating oil composition with high level of deposit control which can be measured by tests such as the Sequence IIIH, the Thermo-Oxidation Engine Oil Simulation (TEOST) 33C, or the TEOST MHT-4. It has been surprisingly discovered that lubricant formulations comprising sustainable synthetic base oil (SSBO) can improve deposit control performance.Sustainable Synthetic Base Oil

[0011] The oil of lubricating viscosity (sometimes referred to as “base stock” or “base oil”) is the primary liquid constituent of a lubricant, into which additives and possibly other oils are blended, for example to produce a final lubricant (or lubricant composition). A base oil is useful for making concentrates as well as for making lubricating compositions therefrom.

[0012] In some embodiments, a lubricating oil composition may include one or more base oils, wherein at least one of the base oils is a sustainable synthetic base oil according to this disclosure.

[0013] The sustainable synthetic base oil of this disclosure is derived from plants (“plant-derived”) as opposed to most conventional base oils which are derived from fossils. Plant-based base oils are made from sustainable feedstock sources, such as palm, soy, coconut and rapeseed. A more detailed discussion of sustainable synthetic base oil can be found in U. S. Publication No.2023 / 0167378, the relevant portions of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

[0014] In one aspect, the sustainable synthetic base oil can be described by the following. Base oils, and more particularly isoparaffins, derived from hydrocarbon terpenes such as myrcene, ocimene and farnesene, have been described in WO 2012 / 141784. Terpenes are capable of being derived from isopentyl pyrophosphate or dimethylallyl pyrophosphate and the term "terpene" encompasses hemiterpenes, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenees, sesterterpenes, triterpenes, tetraterpenes and polyterpenes. A hydrocarbon terpene contains only hydrogen and carbon atoms and no heteroatoms such as oxygen, and in some embodiments has the general formula (C₅H₈)n, where n is 1 or greater. A "conjugated terpene" or "conjugated hydrocarbon terpene" refers to a terpene comprising at least one conjugated diene moiety. The conjugated diene moiety of a conjugated terpene may have any stereochemistry (e.g., cis or trans) and may be part of a longer conjugated segment of a terpene, e.g., the conjugated diene moiety may be part of a conjugated triene moiety. Hydrocarbon terpenes also encompass monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids,diterpenoids, triterpenoids, tetraterpenoids, and polyterpenoids that exhibit the same carbon skeleton as the corresponding terpene but have either a lesser or greater number of hydrogen atoms than the corresponding terpene, e.g., terpenoids having 2 fewer, 4 fewer, or 6 fewer hydrogen atoms than the corresponding terpene, or terpenoids having 2-additional 4-additional, or 6-additional hydrogen atoms than the corresponding terpene. Some non-limiting examples of conjugated hydrocarbon terpenes include isoprene, myrcene, a-ocimene, P-ocimene, a- farnesene, -farnesene, P-springene, geranylfarnesene, neophytadiene, c / s-phyta-1,3- diene, frans-phyta-1,3-diene, isodehydrosqualene, isosqualane precursor I, and isosqualane precursor II. The terms terpene and isoprenoids may be used interchangeably and are a large and varied class of organic molecules that can be produced by a wide variety of plants and some insects.

[0015] In some embodiments, at least about 20% of the carbon atoms in the base oil comprised by an engine oil originate from renewable carbon sources. For example, in one such embodiment at least about 30% of the carbon atoms in the base oil comprised by an engine oil originate from renewable carbon sources. By way of further example, in one such embodiment at least about 40% of the carbon atoms in the base oil comprised by an engine oil originate from renewable carbon sources. By way of further example, in one such embodiment at least about 50% of the carbon atoms in the base oil comprised by an engine oil originate from renewable carbon sources. By way of further example, in one such embodiment at least about 60% of the carbon atoms in the base oil comprised by an engine oil originate from renewable carbon sources. By way of further example, in one such embodiment at least about 70% of the carbon atoms in the base oil comprised by an engine oil originate from renewable carbon sources. By way of further example, in one such embodiment at least about 80% of the carbon atoms in the base oil comprised by an engine oil originate from renewable carbon sources. By way of further example, in one such embodiment atleast about 90% of the carbon atoms in the base oil comprised by an engine oil originate from renewable carbon sources. In some variations, the carbon atoms of the base oil component of the engine oil comprises at least about 95%, at least about 97%, at least about 99%, or about 100% of originate from renewable carbon sources. The origin of carbon atoms in the reaction product adducts may be determined by any suitable method, including but not limited to reaction mechanism combined with analytical results that demonstrate structure and / or molecular weight of adducts, or by carbon dating (e.g., according to ASTM D6866-12 " Standard Test Methods for Determining the Biobased Content of Solid, Liquid, and Gaseous Samples Using Radiocarbon Analysis," which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety). For example, using ASTM D6866-12 or another suitable technique, a ratio of carbon 14 to carbon 12 isotopes in the base oil can be measured by liquid scintillation counting and / or isotope ratio mass spectroscopy to determine the amount of modern carbon content in the sample. A measurement of no modern carbon content indicates all carbon is derived from fossil fuels. A sample derived from renewable carbon sources will indicate a concomitant amount of modern carbon content, up to 100%.

[0016] According to some embodiments, one or more repeating units of sustainable synthetic base oil are specific species of partially hydrogenated conjugated hydrocarbon terpenes. Such specific species of partially hydrogenated conjugated terpenes may or may not be produced by a hydrogenation process. In certain variations, a partially hydrogenated hydrocarbon terpene species is prepared by a method that includes one or more steps in addition to or other than catalytic hydrogenation.

[0017] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the sustainable synthetic base oil can be categorized as a Group III+ base oil having greater than or equal to 90% saturates and less than or equal to 0.03% sulfur and have a viscosity index greater than or equal to 120.

[0018] Non-limiting examples of specific species partially hydrogenated conjugated hydrocarbon terpenes include any of the structures provided herein for dihydrofarnesene, tetrahydrofarnesene, and hexahydrofarnesene; any of the structures provided herein for dihydromyrcene and tetrahydromyrcene; and any of the structures provided herein for dihydroocimene and tetrahydroocimene.

[0019] One example of a particular species of partially hydrogenated conjugated hydrocarbon terpene that may have utility as a feedstock is a terminal olefin having a saturated hydrocarbon tail with structure (All):(All)where n = 1, 2, 3, or 4.

[0020] In some variations, a mono-olefinic alpha-olefin having structure Al 1 may be derived from a conjugated hydrocarbon terpene wherein the conjugated diene is at the 1,3 -position of the terpene. Examples include alpha-olefins derived from a 1,3- diene conjugated hydrocarbon terpene (e.g., a C10-C30 conjugated hydrocarbon terpene such as farnesene, myrcene, ocimene, springene, geranylfarnesene, neophy tadiene, trans-phyta- 1,3 -diene, or cz's-phyta-l,3-diene). Another non-limiting example of an alpha-olefin having the general structure All includes 3,7,1 1 - trimethyldodecene having structure A12.

[0021] A mono-olefinic alpha-olefin having structure Al 1 may be prepared from the appropriate conjugated hydrocarbon terpene using any suitable method. In some variations, the mono-olefinic alpha-olefin having structure All is produced from primary alcohol of corresponding to the hydrocarbon terpene (e.g., farnesol in the case of farnesene, or geraniol in the case of myrcene). The methods comprise hydrogenating the primary alcohol, forming a carboxylic acid ester or carbamate ester from the hydrogenated alcohol, and pyrolizing the ester (or heating the ester to drive the elimination reaction) to form the alpha-olefin with a saturated hydrocarbon tail, e.g., as described in Smith, L. E.; Rouault, G. F., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1943, 65, 745-750, for the preparation of 3,7-dimethyloctene, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. The primary alcohol of the corresponding hydrocarbon terpene may be obtained using any suitable method.

[0022] Other examples of particular species of partially hydrogenated conjugated hydrocarbon terpene that may have utility as a feedstock are mono-olefins having a saturated hydrocarbon tail with structure (A13) or structure (A15):(A 15),where n = 1, 2, 3, or 4. A mono-olefin having the general structure A13, A15 or All may in certain instances be derived from a conjugated hydrocarbon terpene having a 1,3-diene moiety,such as myrcene, farnesene, springene, geranylfarnesene, neophytadiene, frans-phyta-1,3-diene, or cis-phyta-1,3-diene. Here again, the conjugated may be functionalized with a protecting group (e.g., via a Diels- Alder reaction) in a first step, exocyclic olefinic bonds hydrogenated in a second step, and the protecting group eliminated in a third step. In one nonlimiting example of a method for making mono-olefins having the structure A13, A15 or All, a conjugated hydrocarbon terpene having a 1,3-diene is reacted with SO2 in the presence of a catalyst to form a Diels- Alder adduct. The Diels- Alder adduct may be hydrogenated with an appropriate hydrogenation catalyst to saturate exocyclic olefinic bonds. A retro Diels-Alder reaction may be carried out on hydrogenated adduct (e.g., by heating, and in some instances in the presence of an appropriate catalyst) to eliminate the sulfone to form a 1,3-diene. The 1,3-diene can then be selectively hydrogenated using a catalyst known in the art to result in a mono-olefin having structure All, A13 or A15, or a mixture of two or more of the foregoing. Non-limiting examples of regioselective hydrogenation catalysts for 1,3- dienes are provided in Jong Tae Lee et al, " Regioselective hydrogenation of conjugated dienes catalyzed by hydridopentacyanocobaltate anion using P-cyclodextrin as the phase transfer agent and lanthanide halides as promoters," J. Org. Chem., 1990, 55 (6), pp. 1854-1856, in V. M. Frolov et al, " Highly active supported palladium catalysts for selective hydrogenation of conjugated dienes into olefins," Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters, 1984, Volume 25, Numbers 3-4, pp. 319-322, in Tungler, A., Hegedus, L., Fodor, K., Farkas, G., Furcht, A. and Karancsi, Z. P. (2003) " Reduction of Dienes and Polyenes," in The Chemistry of Dienes and Polyenes, Volume 2 (ed. Z. Rappoport), John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK., and in Tungler, A., Hegedus, L., Fodor, K., Farkas, G., Furcht, A. and Karancsi, Z. P., " Reduction of Dienes and Polyenes" in Patai's Chemistry of Functional Groups (John Wiley and Sons, Ltd, published online December 15, 2009,, each of which is incorporated herein byreference in its entirety. For example, a catalyst known in the art for 1,4 hydrogen addition to 1,3- dienes results in a mono-olefin having structure A13. In one non-limiting example, 0- farnesene can be reacted with SO₂ in the presence of a catalyst to form a Diels-Alder adduct, which is subsequently hydrogenated, and the sulfone eliminated to form a 1,3- diene, which is subsequently selectively hydrogenated using a catalyst known in the art for regioselective hydrogen additions to 1,3-dienes to form 3,7,1 l-trimethyldodec-2-ene, 3,7,1 1 - trimethyldodec- 1 -ene, or 3-methylene-7,1 1 -dimethyldodecane, or a mixture of any two or more of the foregoing.

[0023] In yet another example of a particular species of partially hydrogenated hydrocarbon terpene that may have utility as a feedstock, a terminal olefin of the general structure A14 may be made from a conjugated hydrocarbon terpene having a 1,3-conjugated diene and at least one additional olefinic bond (e.g., myrcene, farnesene, springene, or geranylfarnesene):where n= 1, 2, 3, or 4. In one non-limiting variation, a compound having the structure A14 may be derived from an unsaturated primary alcohol corresponding to the relevant hydrocarbon terpene (eg., farnesol in the case of farnesene, or geraniol in the case of myrcene). The unsaturated primary alcohol may be exposed to a suitable catalyst under suitable reaction conditions to dehydrate the primary alcohol to form the terminal olefin A 14.

[0024] An olefinic feedstock as described herein may comprise any useful amount of the particular species (e.g., alpha-olefinic species having structure All, A12 or A15, mono-olefinic species having structure A13, or unsaturated terminal olefin species having structure A14), made either bya partial hydrogenation route or by another route, e g., as described herein. In certain variations, an olefinic feedstock comprises at least about 1 %, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, or at least about 90% species having structure Al l, A12, A13, A14, or Al 5. In certain variations, an olefinic feedstock comprises at least about 1 %, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, or at least about 90% 3,7,1 1 -trimethyldodec- 1 -ene. In certain variations, an olefinic feedstock comprises at least about 1 %, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, or at least about 90% 3-methylene-7,l 1 -dimethyldodecane. In certain variations, an olefinic feedstock comprises at least about 1 %, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, or at least about 90% 3,7,1 1 -trimethyldodec-2-ene. In certain variations, an olefinic feedstock comprises at least about 1 %, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, or at least about 90% 3,7,11 - trimethyldodeca-l,6,10-triene. In certain variations, an olefinic feedstock comprises at least about 1 %, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, or at least about 90% 3,7-dimethyloct-l - ene. In certain variations, an olefinic feedstock comprises at least about 1 %, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, or at least about 90% 3,7-dimethyloct-2-ene. In certain variations, anolefinic feedstock comprises at least about 1 %, at least about 5%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, or at least about 90% 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-diene.

[0025] As described herein, in some variations, the hydrocarbon terpene feedstock comprising alpha-olefinic species or internal olefinic species of partially hydrogenated hydrocarbon terpenes are suitable for catalytic reaction with one or more alpha-olefins to form a mixture of isoparaffins comprising adducts of the terpene and the one or more alpha-olefins. In some variations, at least a portion of the mixture of isoparaffins so produced may be used as a base oil.

[0026] In some embodiments, at least about 25% of the carbon atoms in the sustainable synthetic base oil originate from renewable carbon sources as measured by ASTM-D6866-12, at least about 40% of the carbon atoms in the sustainable synthetic base oil originate from renewable carbon sources as measured by ASTM-D6866-12, at least about 50% of the carbon atoms in the sustainable synthetic base oil originate from renewable carbon sources as measured by ASTM-D6866-12, at least about 60% of the carbon atoms in the sustainable synthetic base oil originate from renewable carbon sources as measured by ASTM-D6866-12, at least about 70% of the carbon atoms in the sustainable synthetic base oil originate from renewable carbon sources as measured by ASTM-D6866-12, at least about 80% of the carbon atoms in the sustainable synthetic base oil originate from renewable carbon sources as measured by ASTM-D6866-12, or at least about 90% of the carbon atoms in the sustainable synthetic base oil originate from renewable carbon sources as measured by ASTM-D6866-12.

[0027] In one embodiment the sustainable synthetic base oil additionally has an average methyl branch index (methyl branches per 100 carbons) of at least 7, has an average methyl branch index (methyl branches per 100 carbons) of at least 8, has an average methyl branch index (methylbranches per 100 carbons) of at least 9, has an average methyl branch index (methyl branches per 100 carbons) of at least 10, has an average methyl branch index (methyl branches per 100 carbons) of at least 11, has an average methyl branch index (methyl branches per 100 carbons) of at least 15, has an average methyl branch index (methyl branches per 100 carbons) of at least 20, has an average methyl branch index (methyl branches per 100 carbons) of at least 22, has an average methyl branch index (methyl branches per 100 carbons) of at least 24, has an average methyl branch index (methyl branches per 100 carbons) of at least 26, has an average methyl branch index (methyl branches per 100 carbons) of at least 27.

[0028] In one embodiment, the molecular weight of the sustainable synthetic base oil is in range of 300 g / mol to 800 g / mol. In one embodiment, the molecular weight of the sustainable synthetic base oil is in range of 390 g / mol to 510 g / mol.

[0029] In one embodiment, the sustainable synthetic base oil comprises at least 95% non-cyclic isoparaffins having a molecular structure in which 25-34% of total carbon atoms are contained in the branches and less than half of the total isoparaffin branches contain two or more carbon atoms and the engine oil has a renewable hydrocarbon content greater than 25%, as measured by ASTM-D6866 method.

[0030] In one embodiment, at least 95 wt% of the sustainable synthetic base oil comprises acyclic isoparaffins and at least 25 wt% of the acyclic isoparaffins are hydrogenated sesquiterpenoid monomer units, at least 30 wt% of the acyclic isoparaffins are hydrogenated sesquiterpenoid monomer units, at least 35 wt% of the acyclic isoparaffins are hydrogenated sesquiterpenoid monomer units, or at least 45 wt% of the acyclic isoparaffins are hydrogenated sesquiterpenoid monomer units.

[0031] In one embodiment, the sustainable synthetic base oil has greater than 50% of biodegradation in 28 days according to OECD 301 B test method, the sustainable synthetic base oil has greater than 60% of biodegradation in 28 days according to OECD 301 B test method, the sustainable synthetic base oil has greater than 70% of biodegradation in 28 days according to OECD 301 B test method.

[0032] In one embodiment, the sustainable synthetic base oil is characterized by a viscosity index (VI) greater than 120, as measured in accordance with ASTM D2270-10. In one embodiment, the sustainable synthetic base oil is characterized by a VI greater than 134. In one embodiment, the sustainable synthetic base oil has a pour point of less than -18 °C. In one embodiment, the sustainable synthetic base oil exhibits a cold crank simulator viscosity at 35 °C of less than 2000 cP. In one embodiment, the sustainable synthetic base oil has NOACK value of less than 13.0%.

[0033] In some embodiments, greater than 40% of the sustainable synthetic base oil molecules have more than 3 methyl branch per molecule, at least 50% of the sustainable synthetic base oil molecules have more than 3 methyl branch per molecule, at least 60% of the sustainable synthetic base oil molecules have more than 3 methyl branch per molecule,

[0034] In one embodiment, the sustainable synthetic base oil is characterized by a viscosity index (VI) greater than 120, as measured in accordance with ASTM D2270-10, and greater than 25% of the sustainable synthetic base oil molecules have more than 6 methyl branch per molecule, at least 30% of the sustainable synthetic base oil molecules have more than 3 methyl branch per molecule, at least 40% of the sustainable synthetic base oil molecules have more than 3 methyl branch per molecule, at least 50% of the sustainable synthetic base oil molecules have more than 3 methyl branch per molecule, at least 60% of the sustainable synthetic base oil molecules have more than 3 methyl branch per molecule.

[0035] In one embodiment, the sustainable synthetic base oil is characterized in having a renewable carbon content greater than 60% as measured by ASTM-D6866-12, greater than 70% as measured by ASTM-D6866-12, greater than 80% as measured by ASTM-D6866-12, greater than 90% as measured by ASTM-D6866-12.

[0036] The base oil has a saturate content of at least 90% as determined by ASTM-D2007-1.

[0037] In one embodiment at least 50% of hydrocarbon molecules comprised by the base oil comprise an odd number of carbon atoms per molecule, at least 60% of hydrocarbon molecules comprised by the base oil comprise an odd number of carbon atoms per molecule, at least 70% of hydrocarbon molecules comprised by the base oil comprise an odd number of carbon atoms per molecule, at least 80% of hydrocarbon molecules comprised by the base oil comprise an odd number of carbon atoms per molecule.

[0038] In one embodiment, the sustainable synthetic base oil has greater than 60% of biodegradation in 28 days according to OECD 301 B test method, the sustainable synthetic base oil has greater than 70% of biodegradation in 28 days according to OECD 301 B test method.

[0039] In an aspect, the sustainable synthetic base oil is a saturated hydrocarbon mixture having a unique branching structure as characterized by NMR that makes it suitable to be used as a high-quality synthetic base stock. The hydrocarbon mixture has outstanding properties including extremely low volatility, good low-temperature properties, etc., which are important performance attributes of high-quality base stocks. Specifically, the mixture comprises greater than 80% of the molecules with an even carbon number according to FIMS. The branching characteristics of the hydrocarbon mixture by NMR comprises a BP / BI in the range ≥−0.6037 (Internal alkyl branching per molecule)+2.0. Moreover, on average, at least 0.3 to 1.5 of the internal methyl branches are located more than four carbons away from the end carbon.

[0040] Sustainable synthetic base oils may include oligomerization products of alpha-alkenes. In some embodiments, the oligomerization products may be hydrogenated and / or hydroisomerized.

[0041] In one embodiment, the hydrocarbon mixtures described herein are the product of oligomerization of olefins and a subsequent hydroisomerization. C14 to C20 olefins are oligomerized to form an oligomer distribution consisting of unreacted monomer, dimers (C28-C40), and trimers and higher oligomers (≥C42). The unreacted monomers are distilled off for possible re-use in a subsequent oligomerization. The remaining oligomers are then hydroisomerized to achieve the final branching structures described herein.

[0042] In one embodiment, the oligomerization product may have the following structure:R / a R2R-I \ R3\ / n(A16),whereinn = 1 (denotes C16 olefin) or 3 (denotes C18 olefin)R = C16-C18 orHRi = C9-C13R2= C4H10linear or branchedR3 = C9-C13a is a value which results in a molecular weight ranging from about 220 to 1020 g / mol.Additives

[0043] Optionally, the lubricating oil composition may further comprise at least an additive or a modifier (hereinafter designated as "additive") that can impart or improve any desirable property of the lubricating oil composition. Any additive known to a person of ordinary skill in the art may be used in the lubricating oil compositions disclosed herein. Some suitable additives have been described in Mortier et al., " Chemistry and Technology of Lubricants," 2nd Edition. London, Springer, (1996); and Leslie R. Rudnick, " Lubricant Additives: Chemistry and Applications," New York, Marcel Dekker (2003), both of which are incorporated herein by reference. In some embodiments, the additive can be selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, antiwear agents, detergents, rust inhibitors, demulsifiers, friction modifiers, multi-functional additives, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, foam inhibitors, metal deactivators, dispersants, corrosion inhibitors, lubricity improvers, thermal stability improvers, anti-haze additives, icing inhibitors, dyes, markers, static dissipaters, biocides and combinations thereof.

[0044] In general, the concentration of each of the additives in the lubricating oil composition, when used, may range from about 0.001 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, from about 0.01 wt. % to about 5 wt. %, or from about 0.1 wt. % to about 2.5 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition. Further, the total amount of the additives in the lubricating oil composition may range from about 0.001 wt. % to about 20 wt. %, from about 0.01 wt. % to about 10 wt. %, or from about 0.1 wt. % to about 5 wt. %, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.

[0045] The following examples are presented to exemplify embodiments but are not intended to limit the application to the specific embodiments set forth. Unless indicated to the contrary, all parts and percentages are by weight. All numerical values are approximate. When numerical ranges are given, it should be understood that embodiments outside the stated ranges may still fallwithin the scope of the application. Specific details described in each example should not be construed as necessary features.EXAMPLES

[0046] The following examples are intended for illustrative purposes only and do not limit in any way the scope.

[0047] Various Group III base oils were tested for their performance in fully formulated oils using GF-6 quality additive packages and the results are summarized in Table 2 below. The base oils tested include 2 SSBO’s: Synnova 4 and Synnova 9 which are commercially available from Novvi LLC located in Alameda, CA. The properties of Synnova 4 and Synnova 9 are shown below:Sy lMova 4 Synnova 9HiysKssl Synnova 4 Physical SynMwa §PreppiesKV40, c5t 49 mcust 505KV1CO 4.32 KV1PG, fStvi 137 VI•42 PL " C -22CCS sib. MMV / AHsi-ly '4WSaybcit30-TEOST 33

[0048] TEOST 33 is designed to test deposit formation in turbochargers and correlated to field data. A test oil containing small amount of an organo-metallic catalyst is required. The test sample is heated to 100C° in a constant temperature reactor. The oil in the reactor is exposed to moist air and nitrous oxide to simulate engine crankcase conditions. The test oil is then pumped through a casing with a depositor rod and subjected to cyclic heating between 200 and 480°C to mimictemperature changes found in turbocharger and engine. During this cyclic heating process, deposits are formed on the depositor rod. The change in depositor rod mass before and after the test relates to the test oil’s oxidative resistance in the turbocharger.TEOST MHT4

[0049] TEOST MHT4 or ASTM D-7097 is designed to predict the deposit-forming tendencies of engine oils in the piston ring belt and upper piston crown area. This test determines the mass of deposit formed on a specially constructed depositor rod exposed to repetitive passage of 8.5 g of engine oil over the rod in a thin film under oxidative and catalytic conditions at 285 °C.

[0050] Deposit-forming tendencies of an engine oil under oxidative conditions was determined by circulating an oil-catalyst mixture comprising a small sample (8.4 g) of the oil and a very small (0.1 g) amount of an organo-metallic catalyst. This mixture was circulated for 24 hours in the TEOST MHT instrument over a special wire-wound depositor rod heated by electrical current to a controlled temperature of 285 °C at the hottest location on the rod. The rod was weighed before and after the test. Deposit that fell off the depositor rod into the oil was filtered and weighed. Total deposit is sum of the weight of deposits on depositor rod and on the filter.Sequence IIIH Test

[0051] The objective of the Sequence IIIH Test is to measure lubricant thickening and piston deposits under high-temperature conditions. This test screens oils for their ability to maintain protection under severe conditions such as those found in smaller hotter-running turbocharged engines. The test conditions are those as reported in ASTM D8111.Table 2Baseline(Comparative Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 1)GUI 4 cSt (S- 89 60 70 41 - Oil Ultra-S)GUI 8 cSt (S- 11 11 - - - Oil Ultra-S)Gill SynNova - 29 15 44 554 cStGUI SynNova - - 15 15 159 cSt120N Base Oil - - - - 30 TEOST 3337.7 34.5 26.2 26.6 28.6 Avg (mg)TEOST MHT- 54.6 54.4 50 42.15 48.4 4 Avg (mg)(Seq IIIH) 51.4 25.3 46 25.5 - PVIS %(Seq IIIH)4.23 4.52 5.02 5.33 - WPD (merits)Lower values are desirable for TEOST tests. Lower percent change in viscosity (PVIS) values are desirable while greater weighted piston deposit (WPD) values are desirable.

[0052] It will be understood that various modifications may be made to the embodiments disclosed herein. Therefore, the above description should not be construed as limiting, but merely as exemplifications of embodiments of the invention. For example, the functions described above and implemented for operating are for illustration purposes only. Other arrangements and methods may be implemented by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of thisapplication. Moreover, those skilled in the art will envision other modifications within the scope and spirit of the claims appended hereto.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A lubricating oil composition comprising of:a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity,wherein the oil of lubricating viscosity is a sustainable synthetic base oil (SSBO) that is plant-derived.

2. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1 wherein the SSBO has a viscosity index of greater than 134.

3. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1 wherein the SSBO has a pour point of less than -18 °C.

4. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1 wherein the SSBO has a cold crank simulator viscosity at 35 °C of less than 2000 cP.

5. The lubricating oil composition of claim 1 wherein the SSBO has a NOACK value of less than 13.0%.

6. A method of controlling deposit in an engine, the method comprising: lubricating the engine with a lubricating oil composition comprising of:a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity, wherein the oil of lubricating viscosity is a sustainable synthetic base oil (SSBO).

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the SSBO has a viscosity index of greater than 134.

8. The method of claim 6 wherein the SSBO has a pour point of less than -18 °C.

9. The method of claim 6 wherein the SSBO has a cold crank simulator viscosity at 35 °C of less than 2000 cP.

10. The method of claim 6 wherein the SSBO has a NOACK value of less than 13.0%.

11. A lubricating oil composition comprising of:base oil system, wherein the base oil system comprises a sustainable synthetic base oil (SSBO) that is plant-derived.

12. The lubricating oil composition of claim 11 wherein the SSBO has a viscosity index of greater than 134.

13. The lubricating oil composition of claim 11 wherein the SSBO has a pour point of less than -18 °C.

14. The lubricating oil composition of claim 11 wherein the SSBO has a cold crank simulator viscosity at 35 °C of less than 2000 cP.

15. The lubricating oil composition of claim 11 wherein the SSBO has a NOACK value of less than 13.0%.

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