Application of white alkanes as a silicone replacement

Abstract

The present invention describes mixtures for cosmetics that incorporate White Alkanes (WA) in place of silicones. The white alkane mixture provides excellent feel. Unlike conventional cosmetics that contain non-renewable silicones, White Alkanes are derived from sustainable sources. The White Alkanes formulae significantly reduces environmental impact and ensures long-term resource availability. The White Alkane has similar physical properties, sensory characteristics, and anti-foaming capabilities as silicone and other silicone replacements, while also having high purity and extended shelf-life stability. White Alkanes are inert, odorless, non¬ irritating, non-allergenic, and non-comedogenic. When used in haircare formulations, the White Alkane adds similar benefits as silicone including prevention of frizz, adding shine, detangling and reduction of bubble formation when applied. Furthermore, the White Alkane is not suspected to have the persistence, bioaccumulative detriments and toxicity of silicones. White Alkanes can also be biodegradable. Finally, it is expected that due to its renewable origin, the white alkane has an improved carbon footprint versus silicones.

Description

IN THE UNITED STATESPATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICETITLE:APPLICATION OF WHITE ALKANES AS A SILICONE REPLACEMENTINVENTORS:SARAH ATWOOD CLAYTON ROZIC TYLER MCINTYRE VITTORIA LOPOPOLOASSIGNEE:HOLLYFRONTIER LSP BRAND STRATEGIES LLCThis application is based upon and claims priority from U.S. Provisional application serial number 63 / 755,957, filed February 7,2025, which is incorporated herein by reference.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONField of the Invention

[0001] Applicants’ invention relates to combinations of White Alkanes derived from renewable sources and other ingredients for use in personal care products and cosmetics. The formulations have unique properties that are beneficial for both the users and the environment.Background Information

[0002] Mineral oil can be obtained as a distillation product made from highly refined, purified, distilled, and processed petroleum. White mineral oil is colorless, odorless, tasteless, and is used especially in medicine and in pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations. White mineral oils are highly refined petroleum mineral oils that are inert and stable compounds. White mineral oils mostly consist of saturated hydrocarbons. Different methods of purifying are applied: hydrogenation, hydro-isomerization, or sulfur trioxide (SO3), sulfuric acid, or oleum treatment of petroleum products, or a combination of the above. White mineral oils are used in many applications in personal care, pharma, food industry (including lubricants), and many other applications where non-toxic oil with low biological activity and high stability is required. White mineral oil is often used as an ingredient in baby lotions, cold creams, ointments, lubricants, cosmetics, moisturizers, laxatives, and many other cosmetic and personal care products. White mineral oil is also used in the manufacture of some basic foods. It is used as a binding agent, but can also be used as a release agent and applied to grains like wheat, rice, oats and barley to helpkeep dust from adhering to the product. White mineral oil is also an ingredient in some types of gummy candies to keep them from sticking together.

[0003] Certain physical properties are used to describe the characteristics of oils. “Viscosity” is a measure of the substance’s resistance to deformation at a given flow rate. Viscosity is usually measured in centistokes (“cSt”) or in other units such as Saybolt Universal Seconds (SUS). Viscosity can be used to define base oil grade and is determined by various methods, such as gravity flow capillary viscometer. The “viscosity-index” (“VI”) relates to how much the viscosity changes with temperature - how much it thins out at higher temperatures and thickens at lower temperatures, and is determined by the variance in viscosity between 40 °C and 100 °C. “Specific gravity” defines the density of oil relative to water and is measured by a hydrometer. The base oils’ “flash point” describes its high-temperature, flammability property, and is the temperature at which a flash surface flame occurs. Finally, “pour point” defines the lowest temperature at which an oil is observed to flow by gravity in a specified lab test. Specifically, the pour point is 3 degrees C (5 degrees F) above the temperature at which the oil shows no movement when a lab sample container is held horizontally for 5 seconds.

[0004] White mineral oil consists of a complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained from the intensive treatment of a petroleum fraction with sulfuric acid and oleum, or by hydrogenation, or by a combination of hydrogenation and acid treatment. Additional washing and treating steps may be included in the processing operation. It consists of saturated hydrocarbons having carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C15 through C50. The term “white mineral oil” is a misnomer, in that white mineral oils are clear, and tend to be water white (Saybolt color +30), and meet guidelines established by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). 21 CFR 172.878 and 21 CFR 178.3620(a) and (b). They meet the purityrequirements of the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.), United States Pharmacopoeia (USP), National Formulary (NF),_and Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP). Moreover, they are in compliance with the purity requirements of former monographs of the British Pharmacopoeia (BP), Deutsche Arzneibuch (DAB) or French Codex. Typical properties of white mineral oils include: density from 810 - 890 kg / m3at 20 °C (using the standard test for density ASTM D-1298), viscosity from 3 -240 cSt at 40 °C (using the standard test for viscosity ASTM D-445), pour point from -18 - +3 °C (using the standard test for pour point ASTM D-97), flash point from 115 - 290 °C (using the standard test for flash point ASTM D-92). Other standards and tests exist for these properties as well.

[0005] A cosmetic is a preparation (as a cream, lotion, or powder) used to improve a person’s appearance. The definition of “cosmetic” is a product that is applied to the human body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance without affecting the body structure or functions. Industrial Applications of Nanocellulose and Its Nanocomposites (2022). Some examples of cosmetics include skin moisturizers, perfumes, lipsticks, fingernail polishes, makeup, cleansing shampoos, hair gels, hair sprays, hair colors, and deodorants.

[0006] Customer acceptance of cosmetic products is largely based on the physical characteristics of the product, mainly the way it feels to the touch. Within the personal care industry, this is commonly referred to as a product’s “sensory profile.” Cosmetic products are meant to be applied to the skin, hair, or nails, so their texture characteristics at application, as well as their subsequent feel, are extremely important. Cosmetics are classified by their intended use, appearance, texture, odor, and other characteristics.

[0007] Semi-solid cosmetics are viscous and include such products as sun-protection or tanning lotions, shampoos, moisturizers, lotions, gels and creams, shaving creams, liquid soaps, bath orshower gels and waxes, or other products that contain variations of solvents, emollients, surfactants, preservatives / anti-oxidants, humectants, colorants / pigments / fragrances, and emulsifiers. Although a certain degree of firmness is expected in these products, they should also be easy to spread and capable of flowing easily. It is desirable that these skin creams have a smooth, creamy, and rich texture, and be light but not slippery or greasy. They need to be formulated such that they moisturize and hydrate, but do not produce oiliness on the skin despite the presence of oils. For semi-solid, viscous products, their firmness, stickiness, consistency, and flow characteristics are evaluated.

[0008] Solid cosmetics are expected to deform and wear off over their use, but during the application, they are expected to remain hard and maintain their structure without flaking, breaking, or crumbling. Solid cosmetics include such products as bar soaps, lip balms, solid block deodorants or antiperspirants, eye and lip liners in the form of pencils and lipsticks which are manufactured in the form of cohesive blocks. Break resistance and hardness are evaluated for solid cosmetics.

[0009] Cosmetic products may also take particulate form, such as compacted or loose powders. These products are dry and need to be applied with the help of sponges, brushes, and similar applicators. It is desirable that powdered cosmetics flow in a consistent and controlled manner, without caking or clumping. For powdered cosmetics their clumping is checked to evaluate spread and flow characteristics.

[0010] Silicone is a term that covers a large group of polymers which are made using silicon, oxygen and other elements, most commonly hydrogen and carbon. The consistency of silicone can range from liquid to gel, to rubber-like. The properties of silicone can be advantageous when used in a range of products such as medical products, kitchen products, the building industry, solar panels, and sealants, to name a few.[Oil] Due to their “feel” and ability to be used both internally and externally without causing allergic reactions, certain forms of silicones are often used as an ingredient in cosmetics. As used herein from this point forward, “silicone” or “silicones” include one or more of dimethicone, dimethiconol, dimethicone copolyol, phenyl trimethicone, amodimethicone and cyclomethicone, cyclotetrasiloxane (D4), cyclopentasiloxane (D5), cyclohexasiloxane (D6), trisiloxane, aminodimethicone, dimethicone crosspolymer, vinyl dimethicone crosspolymer, trimethysiloxysilicate, polypropylsilsesquioxane, polymethylsilsesquioxane, and other substances with names that end in one of: -cone, -conol, -silane or -siloxane.

[0012] Silicone is made from silica, a substance found in sand, and other elements like oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon. Silicones are synthetic ingredients that are used in cosmetics for their conditioning benefits and sensorial properties. For example, silicone can condition the skin and improve the feel of the cosmetic on the skin, give creams or make-up a silky, spreadable, luxurious texture, give shine and softness in hair care products, or create a long-lasting effect in lipstick. Silicones can also be used as an antifoam agent in haircare formulations, with additional benefits for detangling and reducing frizz. Silicones work by lowering the surface tension of a liquid, which inhibits the formation and stability of bubbles, thus preventing excessive foam. Silicones are primarily used in sprays, creams, lotions, lipsticks, and other products for their sensory properties and / or their hydrophobic nature (water-repellent). They are also present in shampoos and conditioners for their ability to remain on the surface of the hair and skin.

[0013] Because silicones have stable chemical structures, both biochemically and physically, most are considered safe for cosmetic use. They tend to be non-irritating, non- allergenic, and are also considered non-comedogenic (do not tend to clog skin pores).

[0014] However, silicones have harmful environmental impacts. Silicone is not derived from petroleum, but fossil fuels are generally used to produce silicone. Silicone is not made from renewable sources, nor is it biodegradable. Alternatives to silicones have included ingredients such as squalane, essential fatty acids (omega-3, omega-6), plant-based esters like Avocado Oil Poly glyceryl- 6 Esters, Shea Butter Ethyl Esters, or white mineral oils.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0015] The present invention is an improved mixture for personal care products and cosmetics that incorporates White Alkanes. Unlike conventional silicones that rely on non-renewable resources, White Alkane utilizes integration of renewable oils derived from sustainable sources, significantly reducing environmental impact, and improving long-term resource availability, offering a greener alternative without compromising performance. White alkanes are also not persistent or bioaccumulative in the environment and offer other benefits including improved biodegradability and lower carbon footprint versus silicones. Similar to silicones, White Alkanes are inert, odorless, non-irritating, non-allergenic, non-fluorescing, and non-comedogenic. The inclusion of White Alkanes in cosmetic formulations also provides similar sensory profile benefits, allowing it to be used as a suitable offset to silicones.

[0016] Silicone chemistries are used widely in personal care and cosmetics applications due to useful properties that they impart to product mixtures. However, the use of certain types of silicones is being significantly restricted in the European Union because they are considered very persistent and very bioaccumulative in the environment. Some silicones are also considered to be toxic (such as D4, D5 and D6). It is advantageous to formulate cosmetics using alternatives to silicones with improved environmental impacts and lower toxicity.

[0017] Additionally, due to their composition and method of manufacture, silicones are considered to have a high product carbon footprint (PCF). Relatively large amounts of greenhouse warming gases such as CO2 are produced per production of unit amount of silicone. As concerns over global warming increase, it is advantageous to formulate cosmetics using alternatives to silicones with lower carbon footprints.

[0018] As used herein, “White Alkane” or “White Alkanes” is hydrocarbon material from renewable sources that are not sourced from petroleum (or crude oil) and that meet all or some of the requirements for being a white mineral oil from a pharmacopoeia as set forth in at least one of the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.), United States Pharmacopeia (USP), National Formulary (NF), Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP), or former monographs of the British Pharmacopoeia (BP), German Pharmacopoeia (also known as the Deutsches Arzneibuch) (DAB), or French Codex (also known as the Pharmacopee Francaise). White Alkanes are generally liquids (some products are waxy) and have white mineral oil-like characteristics.

[0019] White Alkanes are inert and have all or some of: specified feed materials, carbon chains with a given range of numbers of carbon molecules, viscosities in a given range, UV absorption, aromatics, color, readily carbonizable substances, a clear (or generally clear) appearance, specific gravity / relative density, acidity / alkalinity, and no, or virtually no, sulfur compounds. White Alkanes come from the group comprising: renewable diesel, biodiesel, vegetable oils, polymerized vegetable oils, polymerized fatty acids, polymerized fatty acid esters, triglycerides, diglycerides, monoglycerides, organic esters, naturally occurring oil or material containing 50% or more of unsaturated fatty acid components including mono-, di-, and tri- unsaturated hydrocarbon chains, soy, canola, castor, corn, cottonseed, crambe, linseed, olive, peanut, rapeseed, safflower, sunflower, tall oil fatty acid, coconut, palm; oils derived from seeds, pulp, beans, legumes, rinds,pits or any part of an oil bearing fraction of the intended plant; animal fats or fish oils, or a mixture thereof containing hydrocarbon chains in C12 - C100 range for use in various applications, including for personal care products and lubricants.

[0020] White Alkanes are the resultant product after subjecting renewable sources to various refining processes.

[0021] Conventional, feed materials that are renewable replacements for petroleum based base oils, process fluids, and white mineral oils are usually based on vegetable oils or products derived from chemical modification of vegetable oils such as diesters and polyol esters. These feed materials possess relatively higher reactivity that negatively affects the properties of the final product.

[0022] The method of producing White Alkanes is expected to efficiently produce higher purity hydrocarbons from renewable feed materials than other methods of renewable hydrocarbon production. The hydrocarbon material product, White Alkanes, will possess hydrocarbons with most or all of the properties of white mineral oils.

[0023] As used herein, “renewable” (which may also be referred to as “renewable sources” or “renewable carbon”) may include renewable diesel, vegetable oils, polymerized vegetable oils, polymerized fatty acids, polymerized fatty acid esters, or a mixture thereof. The renewable carbon in the feed material may be chosen from, in part, the renewable diesel, vegetable oils, polymerized vegetable oils, polymerized fatty acids, polymerized fatty acid esters, or a mixture thereof.

[0024] Renewable diesel, also known as green diesel or hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), is a type of biofuel that is chemically similar to petroleum diesel but is produced from renewable sources. Renewable diesel is sourced from oils such as vegetable oils, animal fats, recycled cooking oils, and waste oils. Renewable diesel is produced by hydrotreating, or hydroprocessing,the feedstock fats and oils. The process involves treating the feedstock with hydrogen at high temperatures and pressures in the presence of a catalyst, resulting in a product that is chemically similar to petroleum diesel. And produces a fuel that can be used in diesel engines without modification.

[0025] Vegetable oils are generally trigylcerides (glycerol esters) which are esters of glycerol and various acid referred to as fatty acids that range from carbon chain lengths of C12-C24 and have additional functional groups such as double bonds, or hydroxyl groups as in castor oil. Vegetable oils are produced in oilseed crops and fruits such as olive or palm, palm kernel and coconut. Alternatively, the feed material is a naturally occurring oil or material containing 50% or more of unsaturated fatty acid components including mono-, di-, and tri- unsaturated hydrocarbon chains, with a majority of their fatty acids in the C16 - C22 range. In general, “renewable” or “renewable sources” or “renewable carbon” includes all carbon sources that do not use fossil carbon from the geosphere. Fossil carbon is generally petroleum - or coal, crude oil, and natural gas. Fossil carbon generally comes from decomposing plants and animals and is found in the Earth’s crust and thus comes from the geosphere. In contrast, renewable carbon comes from the biosphere, atmosphere, or technosphere - but not from the geosphere.

[0026] White Alkanes are obtained using vegetable oils containing short chain lengths. The sources may be triglycerides and fatty acid components chosen from one or more natural sources such as: soy, canola, castor, com, cottonseed, crambe, linseed, olive, peanut, rapeseed, safflower, sunflower, tall oil fatty acid, coconut, palm; oils derived from seeds, pulp, beans, legumes, rinds, pits or any part of an oil bearing fraction of the intended plant; animal fats or fish oils, or a mixture thereof. These oils contain 50% or more of unsaturated fatty acid components including mono-,di-, and tri- unsaturated hydrocarbon chains, with a majority of their fatty acids in the Cl 6 - C22 range (Cl 8 is typical for vegetable oil) that can be desirable for most applications.

[0027] Other naturally occurring oils or materials generally containing unsaturated hydrocarbon chains can also be used. Feed materials containing high levels of saturated hydrocarbon chains will give lower yields of the hydrocarbons usable as base oils, white mineral oils, and process fluids, they will produce higher amount of renewable diesel. For example, animal fat, coconut oil, and palm oil containing a high level of saturation and will produce high amounts of renewable diesel fuel during the process.

[0028] Various processes can be used to create the desired white alkanes by further processing renewable feedstocks. As an example of one of the many manufacturing pathways, the white alkane process flow begins with converting non-polymerized vegetable oil to renewable diesel through impurity pre-treatment, hydrogenation and isomerization. The resulting renewable diesel is then fractionated to a desired hydrocarbon cut, which is then appropriately purified through different technologies, which could include hydrogenation, oleum treatment or others, to produce white alkanes.

[0029] The resultant substance, White Alkane, has white mineral oil quality. It is created generally from 50%-100% renewable carbon and hydrocarbon-based materials, but in order to produce a higher quality product it is preferable to use 80%-100% renewable carbon and hydrocarbon based materials. The White Alkanes have the same inert hydrocarbon benefits as mineral oil, and White Alkanes are derived from natural ingredients per ISO 16128.

[0030] White Alkanes have viscosities in a range (at 40 °C) from 2 cSt to 60 cSt and higher.

[0031] White Alkanes are a white mineral oil quality material and meet some, or all, of the following requirements: UV absorption, aromatics, color, readily carbonizable substances, andother white mineral oil requirements. The percentage of renewable carbon in the White Alkanes is between 50% - 100%, although it is more desirable between 80% - 100%, and is preferably between 90% - 100%. The starting feedstock is selected sources having C12 - C100 carbon chains. Paraffins, or alkanes, are saturated hydrocarbons with the general formula CraH2«+2.

[0032] White Alkanes are hydrocarbon with renewable carbon content of between than 50% to 100%, and containing naphthenic and paraffinic carbons in a desired ratio. White Alkanes are similar in quality to white mineral oil and meet the requirements of the quality level set for white mineral oils per USP / NF Compendia, US Food and Drug Administration CFR, European Pharmacopoeia Monographs. The term “White Alkanes” was coined in order to invoke the similarity in characteristics of White Alkanes to white mineral oils. However, White Alkanes are sourced differently than white mineral oil, so White Alkanes are not white mineral oil.

[0033] White Alkanes are hydrocarbon material derived from a renewable source of carbon, wherein said renewable source is not petroleum or crude oil, which meets all or some of the requirements for being a white mineral oil from a pharmacopoeia as set forth in at least one of the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.), United States Pharmacopeia (USP), National Formulary (NF). White alkanes also have carbon chains generally in a range of CIO to C 100.

[0034] Alkanes can be described as hydrocarbons, but not all hydrocarbons can meet the requirements of and be classified as alkanes. White mineral oil can be described as alkanes or hydrocarbons, but not all alkanes or hydrocarbons can meet the requirements of and be classified as white mineral oils. White alkanes can be described as alkanes or hydrocarbons, but cannot be described as a white mineral oil as white mineral oils must be petroleum derived, and not all alkanes, hydrocarbons or white mineral oils can meet the requirements of and be classified as a white alkane. Not all materials described as hydrocarbons and alkanes can meet the purityrequirements required by the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry due to levels of impurities and unsaturation of the molecules. Both petroleum and renewable sources of hydrocarbons and alkanes contain impurities and unsaturated molecules. Complex and high levels of processing are required for these molecules to meet the purity requirements.

[0035] Using White Alkanes in place of silicones is a breakthrough in the fields of personal care and cosmetics. When White Alkanes are used in a cosmetic mixture in place of a silicone, the White Alkane imparts useful properties and a sensory profile that is similar to silicones.

[0036] White Alkanes in cosmetics have important characteristics of silicone oils such as more slip and more shine, and performance evaluations that may be relevant for silicone product applications such as reduction of foaming tendency. In sensory comparisons to silicones, White Alkanes can impart a similar sensory profile and behave “silicone-like.”

[0037] White Alkanes do not behave “silicone-like” in that they are renewable and environmentally friendly as compared to silicones.

[0038] White Alkanes in cosmetics represent a significant advancement over silicones and conventional silicone replacements, by providing for preparations that are not only environmentally friendly and fully renewable, but also maintain high purity, shelf-life stability, and are odorless. White Alkanes also provide a unique option for customers in which the white mineral oil CAS (Chemical Abstract Service) number or INCI (International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients) description is or will become limiting.

[0039] White Alkanes exhibit a number of advantageous characteristics for inclusion in cosmetic preparations.

[0040] To be classified as readily biodegradable, a product must meet the requirements specified in the OECD 30 IB standardized method. The OECD 30 IB method uses respirometry to evaluatethe biodegradation of a material by analyzing the production of CO2 over a minimum of 28 days in a liquid environment. A material is considered readily biodegradable if 60% degradation is achieved within the 28-day period. An embodiment of White Alkanes, WA-4D, was tested and has a biodegradability of 60% or greater, and can thus be considered readily biodegradable. Other embodiments of White Alkanes are anticipated to have a biodegradability of 60% or greater, and are expected be considered readily biodegradable.

[0041] OECD test guidelines 201 and 202 are used to assess the aquatic toxicity of a substance by measuring its effect on the growth of freshwater algae (201) and the survival of water fleas or Daphnia magna (202), respectively, determining how harmful a chemical is to the base of the aquatic food chain by observing its impact on primary producers (algae) and primary consumers (invertebrates like Daphnia). White Alkanes did not demonstrate a potential for aquatic toxicity.

[0042] The Human Repeat Insult Patch Test is used to determine the potential of a test material eliciting dermal irritation and / or inducing sensitization following repeated semi-occlusive patch applications. White Alkanes did not demonstrate a potential for eliciting dermal irritation or inducing sensitization.

[0043] An eye irritation test (EIT) is used to determine the eye hazard potential for acute ocular irritation of the material being evaluated. The assay measures the destruction of the ocular tissue, one component predictive of ocular irritation. The reduction of the viability of tissues exposed to chemicals in comparison to negative control treated tissue was used to predict the ocular irritation potential. White Alkanes are considered to not be an eye irritant.

[0044] Comedogenicity refers to the potential of a material to cause clogged pores. For this clinical study, the assessment includes a single product 28-day user trial with 20 healthy subjects (aged 18 to 40) to investigate the non-comedogenicity of a cosmetic product applied to the faceand neck. Participants were instructed to use the test material over 28 days and to return to the lab in 28 days post commencement for evaluation. At day 0 and on day 28, the number of blemishes, blocked pores, and total pores were measured on each subject using HD imaging technology. A material is considered non-comedogenic if there is less than a 5% increase in the ratio of blocked pores. White Alkanes are considered non-comedogenic.

[0045] Foaming is an adverse characteristic for most cosmetic applications. White Alkanes do not cause excessive foaming, and no stable foam is generated.

[0046] In selecting White Alkane for use in cosmetics, viscosity is important due to it determining the texture and feel of the cosmetic, as well as it influencing how the cosmetic spreads on the skin or hair, and other elements of its sensory profile, as well its stability. Relatively shorter chain White Alkanes tend to have a lower viscosity, which leads to a lighter, more fluid product. Conversely, relatively longer chain White Alkanes tend to have a higher viscosity generally meaning a thicker, richer texture, and could also be used for semi-solid, solid, and powdered products. Correct viscosity is crucial for a cosmetic’s sensory profile to meet the desired characteristics. For example, White Alkanes having viscosities that are less than 4cSt at 40°C will be more suitable offsets for silicones with similar lower viscosities such as cyclotetrasiloxane (D4), cyclopentasiloxane (D5), dimethicone and cyclomethicone.

[0047] Embodiments of the improved cosmetics made with White Alkanes in place of silicones may include mixtures of White Alkane with one or more of: a solvent, an emollient, a surfactant, a preservative / antioxidant, a humectant, a colorant / pigment / fragrance, an emulsifier, or an add-in. Because White Alkane can be a suitable replacement for silicone in the personal care or cosmetic mixture, an embodiment of the personal care or cosmetic mixture may have no silicone. In such an embodiment, “no silicone” means that there is substantially free no silicone in the mixture, or thatthe amount of silicone is in such a trace amount that, although silicone is present, it doesn’t meaningfully affect the mixture’s behavior. As used herein, “no silicone” means, or may also be described as, substantially free of silicone. To make this embodiment of personal care or cosmetic product containing White Alkane but no silicone, silicone would not be added to the mixture of White Alkane with one or more of a: solvent, emollient, surfactant, preservative / antioxidant, humectant, colorant / pigment / fragrance. emulsifier, or add-in.

[0048] Solvents may include one or more of: silicone oils, mineral oils, white mineral oils, water, alcohols, esters / ethers, and acetone.

[0049] Emollients may include one or more of: petrolatum, mineral oils, white mineral oils, natural waxes, synthetic / petrochemical waxes, silicone oils, shea butter, hemp seed oil, seed oils / vegetable oils, honey, stearates, and squalene.

[0050] Surfactants may include one or more of: sodium lauryl sulfate, cocamidopropryl betaine, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, alcohol ethoxylates, sodium stearate, and benzalkonium chloride.

[0051] Preservatives / Anti-Oxidants may include one or more of: benzoic acid, vitamin E, isothiazolinone, caprylyl glycol, benzol alcohol, ferulic acid, niacinamide, and ascorbic acid.

[0052] Humectants may include one or more of: glycerin, lactic acid, aloe vera, hyaluronic acid, honey, sodium hyaluronate, and lanolin.

[0053] Colorants / Pigments / Fragrances may include one or more of: dyes (FD&C Blue#4, Red#36, etc.), minerals (zinc oxide, mica, bronze powder), natural colorants (henna, liquid cholorophyll, etc.), parfum, fragrance oils (synthetic), and essential oils / natural fragrance (lavender, cedarwood oil etc.).

[0054] Emulsifiers may include one or more of: polysorbates, propylene glycol, glycerol monostearate, lecithin, cetearyl alcohol, and cetyl alcohol.

[0055] Add-ins may include one or more of: argan oil, avocado oil, coconut oil, essential oils, alpha hydroxy acids, beta hydroxy acids (salicylic acid), latex, parabens, palm oil, panthenol, retinol, talc, vitamin C, and UV protectants, as well as others.

[0056] An embodiment of the improved personal care or cosmetic mixture contains an amount of White Alkane and one or more of a: solvent, emollient, surfactant, preservative / antioxidant, humectant, colorant / pigment / fragrance, emulsifier, or add-in. Each of the listed constituents -solvent, emollient, surfactant, preservative / antioxidant, humectant, colorant / pigment / fragrance, emulsifier, or add-in - may have one or more of the above listed types of ingredients. Therefore, an embodiment of the improved personal care or cosmetic mixture may comprise an amount of White Alkane and one or more of: a solvent (which may include one or more of: silicone oils, mineral oils, white mineral oils, water, alcohols, esters / ethers, and acetone), an emollient (which may include one or more of:, a surfactant (which may include one or more of: sodium lauryl sulfate, cocamidopropryl betaine, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, alcohol ethoxylates, sodium stearate, and benzalkonium chloride), a preservative / antioxidant (which may include one or more of: benzoic acid, vitamin E, isothiazolinone, caprylyl glycol, benzol alcohol, ferulic acid, niacinamide, and ascorbic acid), a humectant (which may include one or more of: glycerin, lactic acid, aloe vera, hyaluronic acid, honey, sodium hyaluronate, and lanolin), a colorant / pigment / fragrance (which may include one or more of: dyes (FD&C Blue#4, Red#36, etc.), minerals (zinc oxide, mica, bronze powder), natural colorants (henna, liquid cholorophyll, etc.), parfum, fragrance oils (synthetic), and essential oils / natural fragrance (lavender, cedarwood oil etc.)), an emulsifier (which may include one or more of: polysorbates, propylene glycol, glycerol monostearate, lecithin, cetearyl alcohol,and cetyl alcohol), or an add-in (which may include one or more of: argan oil, avocado oil, coconut oil, essential oils, alpha hydroxy acids, beta hydroxy acids (salicylic acid), latex, parabens, palm oil, panthenol, retinol, talc, vitamin C, and UV protectants, as well as others).

[0057] Another embodiment of the improved personal care or cosmetic mixture contains an amount of White Alkane, no silicone, and one or more of a: solvent, emollient, surfactant, preservative / antioxidant, humectant, colorant / pigment / fragrance, emulsifier, or add-in. Again, each of the listed constituents - solvent, emollient, surfactant, preservative / antioxidant, humectant, colorant / pigment / fragrance, emulsifier, or add-in - may have one or more of the above listed types of ingredients.

[0058] Another embodiment of the improved personal care or cosmetic mixture contains an amount of White Alkane, an amount of a silicone, and one or more of a: solvent, emollient, surfactant, preservative / antioxidant. humectant, colorant / pigment / fragrance, emulsifier, or add-in. Again, each of the listed constituents - solvent, emollient, surfactant, preservative / antioxidant, humectant, colorant / pigment / fragrance, emulsifier, or add-in - may have one or more of the above listed types of ingredients.

[0059] Another embodiment of the improved personal care or cosmetic mixture contains an amount of White Alkane, up to 0.1% w / w of a silicone, and one or more of a: solvent, emollient, surfactant, preservative / antioxidant, humectant, colorant / pigment / fragrance, emulsifier, or add-in. (Where w / w means the weight by weight, or percent by weight concentration, of the mixture.) Again, each of the listed constituents - solvent, emollient, surfactant, preservative / antioxidant, humectant, colorant / pigment / fragrance, emulsifier, or add-in - may have one or more of the above listed types of ingredients.

[0060] An embodiment of the improved personal care or cosmetic mixture may be made by making an embodiment of White Alkanes, then mixing a desirable amount of the White Alkanes with one or more of a: solvent, emollient, surfactant, preservative / antioxidant, humectant, colorant / pigment / fragrance, emulsifier, or add-in. It is anticipated that there may not be any silicone in the mixture. Again, each of the listed constituents - solvent, emollient, surfactant, preservative / antioxidant, humectant, colorant / pigment / fragrance, emulsifier, or add-in - may have one or more of the above listed types of ingredients.

[0061] Another embodiment of the personal care or cosmetic mixture may be made by making an embodiment of White Alkanes, then mixing a desirable amount of the White Alkanes with an amount of a silicone, and one or more of a: solvent, emollient, surfactant, preservative / antioxidant, humectant, colorant / pigment / fragrance, emulsifier, or add-in. In another embodiment of the personal care or cosmetic mixture, the desirable amount of the White Alkanes is mixed with 0.1% w / w or less of a silicone, and mixed with one or more of a: solvent, emollient, surfactant, preservative / antioxidant, humectant, colorant / pigment / fragrance, emulsifier, or add-in. Again, each of the listed constituents - solvent, emollient, surfactant, preservative / antioxidant, humectant, colorant / pigment / fragrance, emulsifier, or add-in - may have one or more of the above listed types of ingredients.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0062] FIG. 1 is a table showing a comparison of the physical properties of various embodiments of White Alkanes (WA-60, WA-20, WA-6, WAT, and WA-4D).

[0063] FIG. 2 is a table showing a comparison of the physical properties of standard silicone products and a white mineral oil versus an embodiment of a White Alkane (WA-4D).

[0064] FIG. 3 is a sensory property rating scale for use with FIG. 4.

[0065] FIG. 4 is a table comparing the sensory profile measurements of some standard silicone products versus an embodiment of a White Alkane (WA-4D).

[0066] FIG. 5 is a spider diagram illustrating the measured results of the sensory profiles of some standard silicones versus an embodiment of a White Alkane (WA-4D) as listed in FIG. 4.

[0067] FIG. 6 is a table comparing the sensory profile measurements of profiles of white mineral oil and some standard silicones versus an embodiment of a White Alkane (WA-4D).

[0068] FIG. 7 is a spider diagram illustrating the measured results of the sensory profiles of white mineral oil and some standard silicones versus an embodiment of a White Alkane (WA-4D) as listed in FIG. 6.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

[0069] Referring to the figures, FIG. 1 a table that illustrates a comparison of the physical properties of various embodiments of White Alkanes. As used herein, WA stands for “White Alkanes.” (WA-60, WA-20, WA-6, WA-4, AND WA-4D) are individual embodiments of White Alkanes.

[0070] White Alkanes are renewable hydrocarbons. The viscosity range of the White Alkanes product should meet, but not be limited to:

[0071] a. US Pharmacopoeia USP <911 > for Mineral Oil: 34.5 - 150.0 cSt:

[0072] b. Light Mineral Oil: 3.0 - 34.4 cSt;

[0073] c. European Pharmacopee Ph. EUR. <2.2.9>: P. Liquidium: 110 - 230 mPa-s (millipascal-second) (Dynamic viscosity is the resistance to movement of one layer of a fluid over another and may be measured using the Pascal second.); and

[0074] d. P. Subliquidium: 25 - 80 mPa-s.

[0075] Other characteristics of the White Alkanes include, without limitation, a specific gravity / relative density that meets the requirements of United States Pharmacopoeia per USP / NF <841>, and meets the requirements of European Pharmacopoeia Ph. Eur. <2.2.5>. The acidity / alkalinity of the White Alkanes should meet the requirements of US Pharmacopoeia USP / National Formulary (NF) <M02> and European Pharmacopoeia Ph. Eur. <M01>. White Alkanes have no, or virtually no. remaining Sulfur compounds, and meet the requirements of US Pharmacopoeia and FDA USP / NF <M04>. White Alkanes also meet the requirements for ultraviolet (UV) absorption and Saybolt color found in 21 CFR 178.3620 (and for Saybolt color in the requirements of FDA test per ASTM D156).

[0076] FIG. 2 is a table showing a comparison of the physical properties of standard silicone products versus an embodiment of a White Alkane (WA-4D). This figure illustrates that this embodiment of White Alkane has viscosities that are similar to the range of viscosities of the representative silicones. The embodiment of White Alkane has a specific gravity that is slightly lower than those of the representative silicones, and a refractive index that is slightly higher, yet still extremely similar.

[0077] FIG. 3 is a sensory property rating scale from zero (0) to four (4), for use with FIG. 4 and FIG. 6. It should be noted that different studies may be conducted by different panels. The rating scale is subjective so each panel’s baselines may differ (i.e. the magnitude of the number) from other panels. While the results may differ in scale for different panels, the sensory profile comparisons versus each other, within a single panel, is relevant. Two (2) panels were prepared to evaluate the sensory profile and characteristics of an embodiment of White Alkanes compared to silicone products using this rating scale.

[0078] FIG. 4 is a table comparing the sensory profile measurements of some representative silicones versus an embodiment of a White Alkane (WA-4D). The sensory characteristics of White Alkanes are advantageous for use in cosmetic preparations. Sensory characteristics of cosmetics include cushion, gloss, slip, playtime, and lubricity.

[0079] Cushion refers to the perceived thickness of a product when placed between the thumb and second (or third) finger. A product with low cushion will feel like skin-on- skin contact, whereas a product with high cushion will feel like a layer of product between the fingers.

[0080] Gloss refers to the amount of shine a product leaves on the skin.

[0081] Slip refers to the measurement of how a product moves across the skin. This can be measured as low (resistance, drag) or high (glides easily).

[0082] Playtime refers to how long a product will stay on the skin before it is absorbed or evaporates. A product with low playtime is absorbed quickly.

[0083] Lubricity refers to being lubricious or having a smooth or slippery quality.

[0084] White Alkanes are generally comparable to silicones in each category, as represented in FIG. 4. White Alkanes are very light and smooth, high slip, long playtime, and provides a soft and emollient end-feel, while providing little to no cushion. The residual effects of White Alkanes are light and pleasant, almost like the skin is being moisturized, which is a benefit especially to mitigate draggy end-feels in formulations. White Alkanes are an elegant choice in formulations as it is lighter, softer, more residual, and less raspy than other ingredients such as caprylic / capric triglycerides. White Alkanes also impart a silkiness and shine when applied to the skin. The sensory of White Alkanes are also comparable to a natural ester.

[0085] FIG. 5 is a spider diagram illustrating the measured results of the sensory profiles of some representative silicones compared to an embodiment of a White Alkane (WA-4D) as listed in FIG.4. This diagram gives a visual representation of the data set forth in FIG. 4. As can be seen, the sensory profile of the embodiment of White Alkane is very similar to those of the representative silicones.

[0086] FIG. 6 is a table comparing the sensory profile measurements of white mineral oil and some representative silicones versus an embodiment of a White Alkane (WA-4D). As stated above, the sensory profile comparisons versus each other within a single panel are comparable, but between multiple different panels may not be identical due to the subjectiveness of the evaluations. However, as with the results shown in FIG. 4, the results in the panel illustrated in FIG. 6 show that the sensory profile of the embodiment of White Alkane is very similar to those of the representative silicones, as well as the white mineral oil.

[0087] FIG. 7 is a spider diagram illustrating the measured results of the sensory profiles of white mineral oil and some representative silicones versus an embodiment of a White Alkane (WA-4D) as listed in FIG. 6. Similar to FIG. 5, FIG. 7 illustrates that the embodiment of the White Alkane has a sensory profile that is very similar to those of the representative silicones, as well as the white mineral oil.

[0088] The figures demonstrate examples of the described, mentioned, and / or suggested embodiments and are intended to disclose the elements and articles illustrated as part of the specification. Unless otherwise specifically noted or context indicates, the elements and articles depicted in the drawings are not drawn to scale for particular embodiments. However, even if not to scale, the drawings indicate relative size, angles, shapes, arrangement, orientation, placement, and like information to one of ordinary skill in the art regarding the elements and articles in the drawings. The drawings are intended to disclose the elements and articles illustrated in them as part of the specification. As noted, or if the context indicates, the elements and articles depicted inthe drawings are drawn to scale for particular embodiments and illustrative of still other embodiments.

[0089] If a hyphenated form of a reference numeral is used, it refers to a specific instance of an element and the un-hyphenated form of the reference numeral refers to the element generically or collectively. Thus for example, widget 12-1 would refer to a specific widget out of a number of widgets of a widget class 12, while the class of widgets may be referred to collectively as widgets 12 and any one of which may be referred to generically as a widget 12.

[0090] As used herein, the phrases “in certain embodiments,” “in various embodiments,” “in an embodiment,” “in one embodiment, or “in example,” which may each refer to one or more of the same or different embodiment. Furthermore, the terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” and the like, as used with respect to embodiments of the present disclosure, are synonymous. The use of the words “a” or “an” when used in conjunction with any of the terms “comprising,” “including,” “containing,” or “having,” in the claims or the specification may mean “one,” but it is also consistent with the meaning of “one or more,” “at least one,” and “one or more than one.” The terms “plurality” and “multiplicity” as used herein refer more than one (1) items or components.

[0091] As used herein, “removably attached,” “removably coupled,” “removably,” “removable,” or the like mean that a first object that is coupled, engaged, or attached to a second object may be decoupled from the second object, or taken away from an attached position relative to the second object, using some force or movement. “Removably attached.” “removably coupled,” “removably,” “removable,” or the like further mean that if the first object is not coupled with the second object, the first object may be coupled to the second object or returned to the attached position, using some force or movement. Both the decoupling and the coupling may beaccomplished without damaging or altering the functionality of either the first object or the second object.

[0092] The terms “substantially,” “approximately,” “about,” or “generally” are defined as being close to as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. When the terms “substantially,” “approximately,” “about,” or “generally” are used herein to modify a numeric value, range of numeric values, or list numeric values, the term modifies each of the numerals. Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities, units, percentages, and the like used in the present specification and associated claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the terms “approximately,” “about,” and “generally.” As used herein, the term “approximately” encompasses + / -5 of each numerical value. For example, if the numerical value is “approximately 80,” then it can be 80 + / -5, equivalent to 75 to 85. As used herein, the term “about” encompasses + / -10 of each numerical value. For example, if the numerical value is “about 80,” then it can be 80 + / -10, equivalent to 70 to 90. As used herein, the term “generally” encompasses + / -15 of each numerical value. For example, if the numerical value is “about 80,” then it can be 80% + / -15, equivalent to 65 to 95. Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters (regardless of the units) set forth in the following specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by the exemplary embodiments described herein. In some ranges, it is possible that some of the lower limits (as modified) may be greater than some of the upper limits (as modified), but one skilled in the art will recognize that the selected subset will require the selection of an upper limit in excess of the selected lower limit.

[0093] At the very least, and not limiting the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claim, each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques.

[0094] When the terms “substantially,” “approximately,” or “generally” are used herein not to modify a numeric value, range of numeric values, or list numeric values, the term modifies the state or status of the thing being described. Thus, if widget A is substantially the same as widget B, then widget A is to a great or significant extent, is for the most part, or is essentially the same as widget B. If widget A is approximately the same as widget B, then widget A is not completely or exactly the same as widget B, but is roughly or reasonably close to the same as widget B. If widget A is generally the same as widget B, then widget A is not completely or exactly the same as widget B, but is in most ways the same as widget B.

[0095] The terms “inhibiting” or “reducing” or any variation of these terms refer to any measurable decrease, or complete inhibition, of a desired result. The terms “promote” or “increase” or any variation of these terms includes any measurable increase, or completion, of a desired result.

[0096] The term “effective,” as that term is used in the specification and / or claims, means adequate to accomplish a desired, expected, or intended result.

[0097] The terms “a” or “an” when used in conjunction with the term “comprising” in the claims and / or the specification may mean “one,” but it is also consistent with the meaning of “one or more,” “at least one,” and “one or more than one.”

[0098] The term “each” refers to each member of a set, or each member of a subset of a set.

[0099] The terms “comprising” (and any form of comprising, such as “comprise” and “comprises”), “having” (and any form of having, such as “have” and “has”), “including” (and any form of including, such as “includes” and “include”) or “containing” (and any form of containing,such as “contains” and “contain”) are inclusive or open-ended and do not exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps.

[0100] In interpreting the claims appended hereto, it is not intended that any of the appended claims or claim elements invoke 35 U.S.C. 112(f) unless the words “means for” or “step for” are explicitly used in the particular claim.

[0101] It should be understood that, although exemplary embodiments are illustrated in the figures and description, the principles of the present disclosure may be implemented using any number of techniques, whether currently known or not. The present disclosure should in no way be limited to the exemplary implementations and techniques illustrated in the drawings and description herein. Thus, although the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, this description is not meant to be construed in a limited sense. Various embodiments may include some, none, or all of the enumerated advantages. Various modifications of the disclosed embodiments, as well as alternative embodiments of the inventions will become apparent to persons skilled in the art upon the reference to the description of the invention. It is, therefore, contemplated that the appended claims will cover such modifications that fall within the scope of the invention. Modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to the systems, apparatuses, and methods described herein without departing from the scope of the disclosure. For example, the operations of the systems and apparatuses disclosed herein may be performed by more, fewer, or other components in the methods described may include more, fewer, or other steps. Additionally, steps may be performed in any suitable order.

Claims

claim:

1. A personal care or cosmetic mixture comprising:White Alkane; andone or more of a: solvent, emollient, surfactant, preservative / antioxidant, humectant, colorant / pigment / fragrance, emulsifier, or add-in.

2. The mixture of Claim 1, further comprising silicone or a mixture of silicones.

3. The mixture of Claim 2, wherein said silicone or said mixture of silicones is up to 0.1% w / w.

4. The mixture of Claim 1, wherein:said solvent is selected from or more of: silicone oils, mineral oils, white mineral oils, water, alcohols, esters / ethers, and acetone;said emollient is selected from or more of: petrolatum, mineral oils, white mineral oils, natural waxes, synthetic / petrochemical waxes, silicone oils, shea butter, hemp seed oil, seed oils / vegetable oils, honey, stearates, and squalene;said surfactant is selected from or more of: sodium lauryl sulfate, cocamidopropryl betaine, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, alcohol ethoxylates, sodium stearate, and benzalkonium chloride;said preservative / antioxidant is selected from or more of: benzoic acid, vitamin E, isothiazolinone, caprylyl glycol, benzol alcohol, ferulic acid, niacinamide, and ascorbic acid;said humectant is selected from or more of: glycerin, lactic acid, aloe vera, hyaluronic acid, honey, sodium hyaluronate, and lanolin;said colorant / pigment / fragrance is selected from or more of: dyes, minerals, natural colorants, parfum, fragrance oils, and essential oils / natural fragrance;said emulsifier is selected from or more of: polysorbates, propylene glycol, glycerol monostearate, lecithin, cetearyl alcohol, and cetyl alcohol; andsaid add-in is selected from or more of: argan oil, avocado oil, coconut oil, essential oils, alpha hydroxy acids, beta hydroxy acids (salicylic acid), latex, parabens, palm oil, panthenol, retinol, talc, vitamin C, and UV protectants.

5. The mixture of Claim 2, wherein:said solvent is selected from or more of: silicone oils, mineral oils, white mineral oils, water, alcohols, esters / ethers, and acetone;said emollient is selected from or more of: petrolatum, mineral oils, white mineral oils, natural waxes, synthetic / petrochemical waxes, silicone oils, shea butter, hemp seed oil, seed oils / vegetable oils, honey, stearates, and squalene;said surfactant is selected from or more of: sodium lauryl sulfate, cocamidopropryl betaine, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, alcohol ethoxylates, sodium stearate, and benzalkonium chloride;said preservative / antioxidant is selected from or more of: benzoic acid, vitamin E, isothiazolinone, caprylyl glycol, benzol alcohol, ferulic acid, niacinamide, and ascorbic acid;said humectant is selected from or more of: glycerin, lactic acid, aloe vera, hyaluronic acid, honey, sodium hyaluronate, and lanolin;said colorant / pigment / fragrance is selected from or more of: dyes, minerals, natural colorants, parfum, fragrance oils, and essential oils / natural fragrance; said emulsifier is selected from or more of: polysorbates, propylene glycol, glycerol monostearate, lecithin, cetearyl alcohol, and cetyl alcohol; andsaid add-in is selected from or more of: argan oil, avocado oil, coconut oil, essential oils, alpha hydroxy acids, beta hydroxy acids (salicylic acid), latex, parabens, palm oil, panthenol, retinol, talc, vitamin C, and UV protectants.

6. The mixture of Claim 3, wherein:said solvent is selected from or more of: silicone oils, mineral oils, white mineral oils, water, alcohols, esters / ethers, and acetone;said emollient is selected from or more of: petrolatum, mineral oils, white mineral oils, natural waxes, synthetic / petrochemical waxes, silicone oils, shea butter, hemp seed oil, seed oils / vegetable oils, honey, stearates, and squalene;said surfactant is selected from or more of: sodium lauryl sulfate, cocamidopropryl betaine, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, alcohol ethoxylates, sodium stearate, and benzalkonium chloride;said preservative / antioxidant is selected from or more of: benzoic acid, vitamin E, isothiazolinone, caprylyl glycol, benzol alcohol, ferulic acid, niacinamide, and ascorbic acid;said humectant is selected from or more of: glycerin, lactic acid, aloe vera, hyaluronic acid, honey, sodium hyaluronate, and lanolin;said colorant / pigment / fragrance is selected from or more of: dyes, minerals, natural colorants, parfum, fragrance oils, and essential oils / natural fragrance; said emulsifier is selected from or more of: polysorbates, propylene glycol, glycerol monostearate, lecithin, cetearyl alcohol, and cetyl alcohol; andsaid add-in is selected from or more of: argan oil, avocado oil, coconut oil, essential oils, alpha hydroxy acids, beta hydroxy acids (salicylic acid), latex, parabens, palm oil, panthenol, retinol, talc, vitamin C, and UV protectants.

7. The mixture of Claim 1, wherein said White Alkane is readily biodegradable, does not demonstrate a potential for aquatic toxicity, does not demonstrate a potential for eliciting dermal irritation or inducing sensitization, is not considered to be an eye irritant, is considered non-comedogenic, does not cause excessive foaming, and has a viscosity that is less than 4cSt at 40°C.

8. The mixture of Claim 6, wherein said White Alkane is readily biodegradable, does not demonstrate a potential for aquatic toxicity, does not demonstrate a potential for eliciting dermal irritation or inducing sensitization, is not considered to be an eye irritant, is considered non-comedogenic, does not cause excessive foaming, and has a viscosity that is less than 4cSt at 40°C.

9. A personal care or cosmetic mixture comprising:White Alkane;wherein said mixture is substantially free of silicone;one or more of a; solvent, emollient, surfactant, preservative / antioxidant, humectant, colorant / pigment / fragrance, emulsifier, or add-in.

10. The mixture of Claim 9, wherein:said solvent is selected from or more of: mineral oils, white mineral oils, water, alcohols, esters / ethers, and acetone;said emollient is selected from or more of: petrolatum, mineral oils, white mineral oils, natural waxes, synthetic / petrochemical waxes, shea butter, hemp seed oil, seed oils / vegetable oils, honey, stearates, and squalene;said surfactant is selected from or more of: sodium lauryl sulfate, cocamidopropryl betaine, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, alcohol ethoxylates, sodium stearate, and benzalkonium chloride;said preservative / antioxidant is selected from or more of: benzoic acid, vitamin E, isothiazolinone, caprylyl glycol, benzol alcohol, ferulic acid, niacinamide, and ascorbic acid;said humectant is selected from or more of: glycerin, lactic acid, aloe vera, hyaluronic acid, honey, sodium hyaluronate, and lanolin;said colorant / pigment / fragrance is selected from or more of: dyes, minerals, natural colorants, parfum, fragrance oils, and essential oils / natural fragrance; said emulsifier is selected from or more of: polysorbates, propylene glycol, glycerol monostearate, lecithin, cetearyl alcohol, and cetyl alcohol; andsaid add-in is selected from or more of: argan oil, avocado oil, coconut oil, essential oils, alpha hydroxy acids, beta hydroxy acids (salicylic acid), latex, parabens, palm oil, panthenol, retinol, talc, vitamin C, and UV protectants.

11. A method of making a personal care or cosmetic product comprising:mixing White Alkane with one or more of a: solvent, emollient, surfactant, preservative / antioxidant, humectant, colorant / pigment / fragrance, emulsifier, or add-in into said White Alkanes.

12. The method of Claim 11 , further comprising not adding any silicone to said White Alkane mixture.

13. The mixture of Claim 12, wherein:said solvent is selected from or more of: mineral oils, white mineral oils, water, alcohols, esters / ethers, and acetone;said emollient is selected from or more of: petrolatum, mineral oils, white mineral oils, natural waxes, synthetic / petrochemical waxes, shea butter, hemp seed oil, seed oils / vegetable oils, honey, stearates, and squalene;said surfactant is selected from or more of: sodium lauryl sulfate, cocamidopropryl betaine, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, alcohol ethoxylates, sodium stearate, and benzalkonium chloride;said preservative / antioxidant is selected from or more of: benzoic acid, vitamin E, isothiazolinone, caprylyl glycol, benzol alcohol, ferulic acid, niacinamide, and ascorbic acid;said humectant is selected from or more of: glycerin, lactic acid, aloe vera, hyaluronic acid, honey, sodium hyaluronate, and lanolin;said colorant / pigment / fragrance is selected from or more of: dyes, minerals, natural colorants, parfum, fragrance oils, and essential oils / natural fragrance: said emulsifier is selected from or more of: polysorbates, propylene glycol, glycerol monostearate, lecithin, cetearyl alcohol, and cetyl alcohol; andsaid add-in is selected from or more of: argan oil, avocado oil, coconut oil, essential oils, alpha hydroxy acids, beta hydroxy acids (salicylic acid), latex, parabens, palm oil, panthenol, retinol, talc, vitamin C, and UV protectants.

14. The method of Claim 11 , further comprising adding silicone to said White Alkane mixture.

15. The mixture of Claim 14, wherein:said solvent is selected from or more of: silicone oils, mineral oils, white mineral oils, water, alcohols, esters / ethers, and acetone;said emollient is selected from or more of: petrolatum, mineral oils, white mineral oils, natural waxes, synthetic / petrochemical waxes, silicone oils, shea butter, hemp seed oil, seed oils / vegetable oils, honey, stearates, and squalene;said surfactant is selected from or more of: sodium lauryl sulfate, cocamidopropryl betaine, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, alcohol ethoxylates, sodium stearate, and benzalkonium chloride;said preservative / antioxidant is selected from or more of: benzoic acid, vitamin E, isothiazolinone, caprylyl glycol, benzol alcohol, ferulic acid, niacinamide, and ascorbic acid;said humectant is selected from or more of: glycerin, lactic acid, aloe vera, hyaluronic acid, honey, sodium hyaluronate, and lanolin;said colorant / pigment / fragrance is selected from or more of: dyes, minerals, natural colorants, parfum, fragrance oils, and essential oils / natural fragrance: said emulsifier is selected from or more of: polysorbates, propylene glycol, glycerol monostearate, lecithin, cetearyl alcohol, and cetyl alcohol; andsaid add-in is selected from or more of: argan oil, avocado oil, coconut oil, essential oils, alpha hydroxy acids, beta hydroxy acids (salicylic acid), latex, parabens, palm oil, panthenol, retinol, talc, vitamin C, and UV protectants.

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