System and method for calibrating a robot
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/079311
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-03
Smart Images

Figure CN2025079311_03092026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CALIBRATING A ROBOTFIELD
[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to a robot, and more specifically, to a system and a method for calibrating a robot.BACKGROUND
[0002] Robots are widely used in various industries. The robot typically comprises a manipulator comprising a plurality of joints. Before the robots are put into use, the robots have to be calibrated. Only when the robot is calibrated, the robot knows a zero point of each joint and the robot can work precisely as designed. When the robot works over time, there is a possibility that the robot loses zero point of each joint. Then, there is a need to recalibrate the robot.
[0003] One conventional means for recalibrating the robot is using micrometers, operators need to manually adjust a posture in of each joint separately to make the micrometer pointers on a base point to a specified value simultaneously. This operation is difficult and time-consuming, and the calibration efficiency is poor. Another means involves using pin-to-pin calibration method which needs to form holes and pins on components of the joint. Preforming, however, these pins and / or holes on the joint, increase costs of the robot, and what is worse, in many applications, such as collaborative robots and Hygienic robots, there is no space for forming pins.SUMMARY
[0004] Example embodiments of the present disclosure provide a system and a method for calibrating the robot which mitigates or obviates one or more above mentioned problems.
[0005] In a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a system for calibrating a robot comprising a manipulator, the manipulator comprising a plurality of joints. The system comprises: an imaging device and a visual marker, one of the imaging device and the visual marker fixed to an end flange of the robot and / or a tool fixed to the end flange, the other of the imaging device and the visual marker arranged at a position at which the visual marker is in a field of view of the imaging device; and a processing unit configured to: acquire reference calibration data, the reference calibration data comprising first robotic joint data and a first image of the visual marker captured by the imaging device when the robot has been calibrated; cause the manipulator to move to change a posture of the manipulator such that a second image of the visual marker captured by the imaging device, when the manipulator is in the changed posture, is aligned with the first image; record second robotic joint data, with the manipulator in the changed posture, when the second image is aligned with the first image; and revise the second robotic joint data by using the first robotic joint data.
[0006] In some embodiments, causing the manipulator to move may comprise: converting coordinates of the visual marker in the first image and the second image in an imaging device coordinate system into a first coordinate and a second coordinate of the visual mark in a robot base coordinate system, respectively; and determining a movement amount of the respective robotic joint of the manipulator based on a deviation between the first coordinate and the second coordinate; and causing the manipulator to move based on the determined movement amount.
[0007] In some embodiments, causing the manipulator to move may comprise: determining a deviation of coordinates of the visual marker in the first image and the second image in an imaging device coordinate system; determining a relationship between a position change of the end flange and / or the tool in a robot coordinate system and a position change in the image in the imaging device coordinate system; determining a movement amount of the respective robotic joint of the manipulator based on the determined relationship and the determined deviation; and causing the manipulator to move based on the determined movement amount.
[0008] In some embodiments, causing the manipulator to move to change the posture of the manipulator may comprise causing at least one joint of the plurality of joints to rotate to change the posture of the manipulator.
[0009] In some embodiments, causing the manipulator to move to change the posture of the manipulator may comprise causing all joints of the plurality of joints to rotate to change the posture of the manipulator.
[0010] In some embodiments, positions of the imaging device and the visual marker remain unchanged compared with when the reference calibration data are recorded.
[0011] In some embodiments, the system may further comprise a first position indicator located on the end flange of the robot and / or the tool, the first position indicator indicating a position for positioning one of the imaging device and the visual marker; and / or the system may further comprise a second position indicator, the second position indicator indicating a position for positioning the other of the imaging device and the visual marker.
[0012] In a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for calibrating a robot comprising a manipulator, the manipulator comprising a plurality of joints. The method comprises: acquiring reference calibration data, the reference calibration data comprising first robotic joint data and a first image of a visual marker captured by a imaging device when the robot has been calibrated, one of the imaging device and the visual marker fixed to an end flange of the robot and / or a tool fixed to the end flange, the other of the imaging device and the visual marker arranged at a position at which the visual marker is in a field of view of the imaging device; and causing the manipulator to move to change a posture of the manipulator such that a second image of the visual marker captured by the imaging device, when the manipulator is in the changed posture, is aligned with the first image; recording second robotic joint data when the second image is aligned with the first image; and revising the second robotic joint data by using the first robotic joint data.
[0013] In some embodiments, causing the manipulator to move may comprise: converting coordinates of the visual marker in the first image and the second image in an imaging device coordinate system into a first coordinate and a second coordinate of the visual mark in a robot base coordinate system, respectively; and determining a movement amount of the respective robotic joint of the manipulator based on a deviation between the first coordinate and the second coordinate; and moving the manipulator based on the determined movement amount.
[0014] In some embodiments, causing the manipulator to move may comprise: determining a deviation of coordinates of the visual marker in the first image and the second image in an imaging device coordinate system; determining a relationship between a position change of the end flange and / or the tool in a robot coordinate system and a position change in the image in the imaging device coordinate system; determining a movement amount of the respective robotic joint of the manipulator based on the determined relationship and the determined deviation; and causing the manipulator to move based on the determined movement amount.
[0015] In some embodiments, causing the manipulator to move to change the posture of the manipulator may comprise causing at least one joint of the plurality of joints to rotate to change the posture of the manipulator.
[0016] In some embodiments, causing the manipulator to move to change the posture of the manipulator may comprise causing all joints of the plurality of joints to rotate to change the posture of the manipulator.
[0017] In some embodiments, positions of the imaging device and the visual marker remain unchanged compared with when the reference calibration data are recorded.
[0018] In some embodiments, the method may further comprise providing a first position indicator located on the end flange of the robot and / or the tool, the first indication position indicating a position for positioning one of the imaging device and the visual marker; and / or providing a second position indicator, the second position indicator indicating a position for positioning the other of the imaging device and the visual marker.
[0019] In a third aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer program product storing computer-executable instructions which, when executed, cause a device to perform a method of any of the second aspect.
[0020] According to the present disclosure, by use of an imaging device and a visual marker as well as the reference calibration data when the robot is firstly calibrated, one or more joint of the robot can be easily recalibrated when the zero-positions of the manipulator get lost.
[0021] It would be appreciated that this summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become evident through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0022] Through the following detailed descriptions with reference to the accompanying drawings, the above and other objectives, features and advantages of the example embodiments disclosed herein will become more comprehensible. In the drawings, several example embodiments disclosed herein will be illustrated in an example and in a non-limiting manner, wherein:
[0023] Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an example environment in which an embodiment of a system for calibrating the robot according to the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0024] Fig. 2 shows a flowchart of a method for calibrating the robot executed by a processing unit according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0025] Fig. 3 shows a flowchart of a method for moving a manipulator executed by a processing unit according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0026] Fig. 4 shows a flowchart of a method for moving a manipulator executed by a processing unit according to another example embodiment of the present disclosure; and
[0027] Fig. 5 is view of a system for calibrating a robot according to another example embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0028] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference symbols are used to indicate the same or similar elements.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0029] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to several example embodiments shown in the drawings. Though example embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated in the drawings, it is to be understood that the embodiments are described only to facilitate those skilled in the art in better understanding and thereby achieving the present disclosure, rather than to limit the scope of the disclosure in any manner.
[0030] The term “comprises” or “includes” and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean “includes, but is not limited to. ” The term “or” is to be read as “and / or” unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term “based on” is to be read as “based at least in part on. ” The term “being operable to” is to mean a function, an action, a motion or a state that can be achieved by an operation induced by a user or an external mechanism. The term “one embodiment” and “an embodiment” are to be read as “at least one embodiment. ” The term “another embodiment” is to be read as “at least one other embodiment. ” The terms “first, ” “second, ” and the like may refer to different or same objects. Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below. A definition of a term is consistent throughout the description unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
[0031] Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an example environment according to the present disclosure in which an embodiment of a system 100 for calibrating the robot can be implemented. As shown in Fig. 1, an overall view of a robot 110 is arranged in the example environment. In the shown example, the robot 110 is a collaborative robot. It is to be understood that the robot 110 may be any other robots comprising a manipulator. As shown in Fig. 1, the robot 110 comprises a base 150 and a manipulator 120. The manipulator 120 includes a plurality of joints. In the shown example, the manipulator 120 is a six-axis manipulator. It is to be understood that the number of the axes may be any other proper number, for example, 4, 5, 7, and more.
[0032] An end flange 122 is provided at a distal end of the manipulator 120. A tool 130 may be fixed to an end flange 122. The robot 110 also includes a controller 140. The controller 140 is configured to control each joint of the manipulator and thus to change a posture of the manipulator. Accordingly, the tool 130 is controlled to move along a programmed movement trajectory within a workspace of the robot. In the shown example, the controller 140 is a separate component form the base 150. It is to be understood that the shown example is merely illustrative and the controller 140 may be mounted in the base 150.
[0033] Before the robot 110 starts to operate, the controller 140 of the robot should know a zero point of each joint. In some embodiments, these zero points of the joints may be stored in a memory in advance. Based on these zero points, the controller 140 is programmed to control a movement amount of each joint of the manipulator so as to control the movement trajectory of the end flange 122 as well as the tool 130. However, after the robot operates over time, these zero points of the joints of the manipulator 120 may get lost, for example due to power outage, failures of components, and the like. There is a need to recalibrate the zero points of all joints of the manipulator 120. According to the present disclosure, there proposes a novel vision-based system and a novel vision-based method for calibrating the robot which can efficiently perform calibration in a cost-effective way.
[0034] As shown in Fig. 1, the system 100 for calibrating a robot 110 comprises an imaging device 10 and a visual marker 20. The imaging device 10 is arranged at a proper position in a working environment of the robot 110. The imaging device 10 may be of various devices as long as the imaging device 10 can perform imaging functions. In some embodiments, the imaging device 10 may be a camera, an electrical device with imaging functions, such as mobile phones, pads, tablets, or any other intelligent devices. The visual marker 20 is fixed to the tool 130 on the end flange 122. It is to be understood that the shown embodiment is merely illustrative and in some other embodiments, the visual marker 20 may be directly fixed to the end flange 122. There are no specific position requirements on the visual marker 20 and the imaging device 10 as long as the visual marker 20 is in a field of view of the imaging device 10 during movement of the manipulator 120. Thus, the visual marker 20 may be imaged by the imaging device 10. On the right side of Fig. 1, a picture 12 captured by the imaging device 10 is also shown. As shown in Fig. 1, an image 14 of the visual marker 20 is clearly and completely shown in the picture 12.
[0035] The system further comprises a processing unit 30. The processing unit 30 is communicatively connected to the controller 140 and the imaging device 10. The processing unit 30 is configured to perform the calibration calculation. The processing unit 30 may be any proper calculation device that is programmed to perform calculations. In the shown example, the processing unit 30 is separate from the controller 140 of the robot. It is to be understood that the shown embodiment is merely illustrative. In some embodiments, the processing unit 30 may be incorporated into the controller 140 or the imaging device 10.
[0036] Fig. 2 shows a flowchart of a method 200 executed by the processing unit 30 according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 2, at a block 202, reference calibration data is acquired.
[0037] The reference calibration data may be initially defined when the robot 110 is firstly calibrated, for example, before the robot is put into use. The defined reference calibration data may be stored in a memory in advance. When the method 200 is performed, the reference calibration data is retrieved from the memory. The reference calibration data may include first robotic joint data and a first image of the visual marker 20 captured by the imaging device 10 after the robot 110 is initially calibrated. For example, after the robot is firstly calibrated, the manipulator 120 of the robot may be moved to a suitable position. Then, the visual marker 20 is fixed to the tool 130. The imaging device 10 is placed in the working environment of the robot at a proper position. This position should ensure that the visual marker 20 is in a field of view of the imaging device 10. When the manipulator 110 is stationary, an image of the visual marker 20 is captured by the imaging device 10 and the captured image of the visual marker 20 is used as reference data for recalibrating the robot. In addition, current robotic joint values (i.e., zero points) of all the robotic joints are recorded in the memory as the first robotic joint data. The recorded robotic joint values are used as reference data for recalibrating the robot.
[0038] At a block 204, the manipulator 120 is caused to move to change a posture of the manipulator 120 such that a second image of the visual marker 20 captured by the imaging device 10, when the manipulator 120 is in the changed posture, is aligned with the first image. When the manipulator 120 is stationary in the changed posture, the second image of the visual marker 20 is captured by the imaging device 10. As mentioned above, the first image is a reference image that is captured when the robot is firstly calibrated. When the second image is aligned with the first image, the first robotic joint data may be used to calibrate the zero points of the robotic joints. The term “align” does not necessarily mean that the second image is completely the same as the first image. In some embodiments, the second image may be completely the same as the first image. This may be applicable to the scenario that the positions of the imaging device and the visional marker are the same as they are when the reference calibration data are recorded. In some embodiments, the second image may have a predetermined relationship with the first image. This may be applicable to the scenario that the positions of the imaging device and the visional marker are of a predetermined relationship with respect to those when the reference calibration data are recorded.
[0039] At a block 206, when the second image is aligned with the first image, with the manipulator 120 in the changed posture, the second robotic joint data of the robotic joints of the manipulator 120 is recorded. At a block 208, the second robotic joint data is amended by using the first robotic joint data. In some embodiments, when the positions of the imaging device and the visional marker are the same as those when the reference calibration data are recorded, the second robotic joint data may be replaced with the first robotic joint data.
[0040] There are a number of means for moving the manipulator so as to align the second image with the first image. In particular, various visual servoing methods, such as position-based visual servoing, can be used for realizing the above alignment. Fig. 3 shows a flowchart of a method 300 for moving a manipulator according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure by using a position-based visual servoing method. At a block 302, coordinates of the visual marker 20 in the first image and the second image in an imaging device coordinate system are converted into a first coordinate and a second coordinate of the visual mark in a robot base coordinate system, respectively. At a block 304, a movement amount of each robotic joint of the manipulator 120 is determined based on a deviation between the first coordinate and the second coordinate. At a block 306, the manipulator 120 is instructed to move based on the determined movement amount. Repeat the above steps shown in blocks 302, 304, 306 until the second image is aligned with the first image.
[0041] In some embodiments, an image-based visual servoing may be used to align the second image with the first image. Fig. 4 shows a flowchart of a method 400 for moving the manipulator according to another example embodiment of the present disclosure by using an image-based visual servoing method. At a block 402, a deviation of coordinates of the visual marker 20 in the first image and the second image is determined. In some embodiments, the deviation of coordinates of the visual marker 20 is calculated in the imaging device coordinate system Tcam. At a block 404, a relationship between a position change of the end flange 122 and / or the tool 130 and a position change in the image is determined. In some embodiments, position change of the end flange 122 and / or the tool 130 is calculated in the tool coordinate Ttool. In some embodiments, position change of the end flange 122 and / or the tool 130 may be calculated in the robot base coordinate system Tbase. At a block 406, a movement amount of the respective robotic joint of the manipulator 120 is determined based on the determined relationship and the determined deviation. At a block 408, the manipulator 120 is instructed to move based on the determined movement amount. Repeat the above steps shown in blocks 402, 404, 406, and 408, until the second image is aligned with the first image.
[0042] In some embodiments, causing the manipulator to move to change the posture of the manipulator comprises causing at least one joint of the plurality of joints to rotate to change the posture of the manipulator. For example, when a zero-position of one joint of the plurality of joints get lost, the method can be used to merely calibrate this joint. In this case, during the recalibration process, merely this joint of the plurality of joints is caused to rotate to change the posture of the manipulator. After the second image is aligned with the first image, the robotic joint data of this joint is recorded as the second joint data. The corresponding joint data in the first joint data is used to revise the recoded joint data of this joint.
[0043] In some embodiments, all joints of the plurality of joints of calibrated at the same time. In particular, causing the manipulator to move to change the posture of the manipulator comprises causing all joints of the plurality of joints to rotate to change the posture of the manipulator. For example, when zero-positions of all of the plurality of joints get lost, the method can be used to calibrate all joints. In this case, during the recalibration process, all of the plurality of joints are caused to rotate to change the posture of the manipulator. After the second image is aligned with the first image, the robotic joint data of all joints are recorded as the second joint data. The corresponding joint data in the first joint data are used to revise the recoded joint data of all joints.
[0044] In some embodiments, during the recalibration process, the mounting positions of the imaging device 10 and the visual marker 20 are the same as they are when the reference calibration data are recorded. In the shown embodiment, as shown in Fig. 1, the imaging device 10 is placed in the working environment of the robot at the same position as it is when the reference calibration data are recorded and the visual marker 20 is mounted to the tool 130 at the same position as it is when the reference calibration data are recorded. That is, compared to the mounting positions of the imaging device 10 and the visual marker 20 when the reference calibration data are recorded, the mounting positions of the imaging device 10 and the visual marker 20 remain unchanged during the recalibration process. By this arrangement, the computing complexity can be reduced. In particular, when the positions of the imaging device and the visional marker are the same as they are when the reference calibration data are recorded, the second robotic joint data may be replaced with the first robotic joint data.
[0045] In some embodiments, the system 100 may further comprise a first position indicator 62 located on the end flange 122 of the robot 110 and / or the tool 130. The first position indicator 62 indicates a position for positioning one of the imaging device 10 and the visual marker 20. By provision of the first position indicator 62, it ensures that one of the imaging device 10 and the visual marker 20 can be mounted to the same position during the recalibration processes as it is when the reference calibration data are recorded. In some embodiments, the system 100 may further comprises a second position indicator 64. The second position indicator 64 indicates a position for positioning the other of the imaging device 10 and the visual marker 20. Likewise, it ensures that the other of the imaging device 10 and the visual marker 20 can be mounted to the same position during the recalibration processes as it is when the reference calibration data are recorded.
[0046] According to the present disclosure, the robot can be recalibrated easily based on the reference calibration data. The robot is calibrated in a vison-based manner, which almost need no participation of human. This system is cost-effective since quite a few components are needed and there is no need to change the structures of the robot. In addition, all the robotic joints may be calibrated simultaneously. Compared to the single axis calibration method, the efficiency is dramatically increased.
[0047] Fig. 5 is view of a system 100 for calibrating a robot according to another example embodiment of the present disclosure. The system 100 shown in Fig. 5 is analogous to that shown in Fig. 1. Emphasis is placed on their differences. The system 100 for calibrating a robot 110 comprises an imaging device 10 and a visual marker 20. The imaging device 10 is fixed to the tool 130 on the end flange 122. It is to be understood that the shown embodiment is merely illustrative and in some other embodiments, the imaging device 10 may be directly fixed to the end flange 122. The visual marker 20 is arranged at a proper position in a working environment of the robot 110 as long as the visual marker 20 is in a field of view of the imaging device 10. Thus, the visual marker 20 may be imaged by the imaging device 10. As shown in Fig. 5, the robot 110 also includes a controller 140. The controller 140 is configured to control each joint of the manipulator and thus to change a posture of the manipulator. In the shown example, the controller 140 comprises a processing unit 30. The processing unit 30 is programmed to perform the recalibration operations according to the present disclosure. The operations performed by the processing unit 30 is substantially the same as those as set forth with the processing unit 30 in the system 100 shown in Fig. 1. Its detailed specification is omitted.
[0048] According to the present disclosure, a method for calibrating a robot is proposed. In the method, reference calibration data are acquired. The reference calibration data comprises first robotic joint data and a first image of a visual marker 20 captured by an imaging device 10 after the robot 110 is initially calibrated. One of the imaging device 10 and the visual marker 20 may be fixed to an end flange 122 of the robot 110 and / or a tool 130 fixed to the end flange 122. The other of the imaging device 10 and the visual marker 20 arranged at a position, in a working environment of the robot 110, at which the visual marker 20 is in a field of view of the imaging device 10. The manipulator 120 is caused to move to change a posture of the manipulator 120 such that a second image of the visual marker 20 captured by the imaging device 10, when the manipulator 120 is in the changed posture, is aligned with the first image. Second robotic joint data is recorded when the second image is aligned with the first image. The second robotic joint data is revised with the first robotic joint data. In some embodiments, the second robotic joint data may be replaced with the first robotic joint data.
[0049] Each procedure and processing described above, such as the methods 200, 300, 400, can be executed by a processing unit. For example, in some embodiments, the method 200, 300, 400 can be implemented as computer software programs, which are tangibly included in a machine-readable medium, such as a storage unit. In some embodiments, the computer-readable medium is a non-transitory computer-readable medium. In some embodiments, the computer program can be partially or completely loaded and / or installed to the device via the ROM and / or the communication unit. When the computer program is loaded to the RAM and executed by the CPU, one or more steps of the above described methods are implemented. Alternatively, in other embodiments, a CPU may also be configured in any proper manner to implement the above process / method.
[0050] The present disclosure may be a method, a system and / or a computer program product. The computer program product can include a computer-readable storage medium loaded with computer-readable program instructions thereon for executing various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0051] The computer readable storage medium can be a tangible device that can retain and store instructions for use by an instruction execution device. Computer readable program instructions described herein can be downloaded to respective computing / processing devices from a computer readable storage medium, or downloaded to an external computer or external storage device via a network, for example, the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network and / or a wireless network.
[0052] The flowchart and block diagrams illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, snippet, or portion of codes, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function (s) . In some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may be implemented in an order different from those illustrated in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and / or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and / or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specified functions or acts, or by combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
[0053] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. The units described as separate parts may be or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may be or may not be physical units, may be located in one position, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected based on actual requirements to achieve the objectives of the solutions of the embodiments. In addition, functional units in the embodiments of this application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each of the units may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit.
[0054] The foregoing descriptions are merely specific implementations of this application, but are not intended to limit the protection scope of this application. Any variation or replacement readily figured out by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application shall fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims
1.A system for calibrating a robot (110) comprising a manipulator (120) , the manipulator (120) comprising a plurality of joints, the system comprising:an imaging device (10) and a visual marker (20) , one of the imaging device (10) and the visual marker (20) fixed to an end flange (122) of the robot (110) and / or a tool (130) fixed to the end flange (122) , the other of the imaging device (10) and the visual marker (20) arranged at a position at which the visual marker (20) is in a field of view of the imaging device (10) ; anda processing unit (30) configured to:acquire reference calibration data, the reference calibration data comprising first robotic joint data and a first image of the visual marker (20) captured by the imaging device (10) when the robot (110) has been calibrated;cause the manipulator (120) to move to change a posture of the manipulator (120) such that a second image of the visual marker (20) captured by the imaging device (10) , when the manipulator (120) is in the changed posture, is aligned with the first image;record second robotic joint data, with the manipulator (120) in the changed posture, when the second image is aligned with the first image; andrevise the second robotic joint data by using the first robotic joint data.2.The system according to claim 1, wherein causing the manipulator (120) to move comprises:converting coordinates of the visual marker (20) in the first image and the second image in an imaging device coordinate system into a first coordinate and a second coordinate of the visual mark in a robot base coordinate system, respectively; anddetermining a movement amount of the respective robotic joint of the manipulator (120) based on a deviation between the first coordinate and the second coordinate; andcausing the manipulator (120) to move based on the determined movement amount.3.The system according to claim 1, wherein causing the manipulator (120) to move comprises:determining a deviation of coordinates of the visual marker (20) in the first image and the second image in an imaging device coordinate system;determining a relationship between a position change of the end flange (122) and / or the tool (130) in a robot coordinate system and a position change in the image in the imaging device coordinate system;determining a movement amount of the respective robotic joint of the manipulator (120) based on the determined relationship and the determined deviation; andcausing the manipulator (120) to move based on the determined movement amount.4.The system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein causing the manipulator (120) to move to change the posture of the manipulator (120) comprises causing at least one joint of the plurality of joints to rotate to change the posture of the manipulator (120) .5.The system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein causing the manipulator (120) to move to change the posture of the manipulator (120) comprises causing all joints of the plurality of joints to rotate to change the posture of the manipulator (120) .6.The system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein positions of the imaging device (10) and the visual marker (20) remain unchanged compared with when the reference calibration data are recorded.7.The system according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a first position indicator located on the end flange (122) of the robot (110) and / or the tool (130) , the first position indicator indicating a position for positioning one of the imaging device (10) and the visual marker (20) ; and / orthe system further comprises a second position indicator, the second position indicator indicating a position for positioning the other of the imaging device (10) and the visual marker (20) .8.A method for calibrating a robot (110) comprising a manipulator (120) , the manipulator (120) comprising a plurality of joints, the method comprising:acquiring reference calibration data, the reference calibration data comprising first robotic joint data and a first image of a visual marker (20) captured by a imaging device (10) when the robot (110) has been calibrated, one of the imaging device (10) and the visual marker (20) fixed to an end flange (122) of the robot (110) and / or a tool (130) fixed to the end flange (122) , the other of the imaging device (10) and the visual marker (20) arranged at a position at which the visual marker (20) is in a field of view of the imaging device (10) ; andcausing the manipulator (120) to move to change a posture of the manipulator (120) such that a second image of the visual marker (20) captured by the imaging device (10) , when the manipulator (120) is in the changed posture, is aligned with the first image;recording second robotic joint data when the second image is aligned with the first image; andrevising the second robotic joint data by using the first robotic joint data.9.The method according to claim 8, wherein causing the manipulator (120) to move comprises:converting coordinates of the visual marker (20) in the first image and the second image in an imaging device coordinate system into a first coordinate and a second coordinate of the visual mark in a robot base coordinate system, respectively; anddetermining a movement amount of the respective robotic joint of the manipulator (120) based on a deviation between the first coordinate and the second coordinate; andmoving the manipulator (120) based on the determined movement amount.10.The method according to claim 8, wherein causing the manipulator (120) to move comprises:determining a deviation of coordinates of the visual marker (20) in the first image and the second image in an imaging device coordinate system;determining a relationship between a position change of the end flange (122) and / or the tool (130) in a robot coordinate system and a position change in the image in the imaging device coordinate system;determining a movement amount of the respective robotic joint of the manipulator (120) based on the determined relationship and the determined deviation; andcausing the manipulator (120) to move based on the determined movement amount.11.The method according to any one of claims 8-10, wherein causing the manipulator (120) to move to change the posture of the manipulator (120) comprises causing at least one joint of the plurality of joints to rotate to change the posture of the manipulator (120) .12.The method according to any one of claims 8-11, wherein causing the manipulator (120) to move to change the posture of the manipulator (120) comprises causing all joints of the plurality of joints to rotate to change the posture of the manipulator (120) .13.The method according to any one of claims 8-12, wherein positions of the imaging device (10) and the visual marker (20) remain unchanged compared with when the reference calibration data are recorded.14.The method according to any one of claims 8-13, further comprising providing a first position indicator located on the end flange (122) of the robot (110) and / or the tool (130) , the first indication position indicating a position for positioning one of the imaging device (10) and the visual marker (20) ; and / orproviding a second position indicator, the second position indicator indicating a position for positioning the other of the imaging device (10) and the visual marker (20) .15.A computer program product storing computer-executable instructions which, when executed, cause a device to perform a method of any of claims 8-14.