Binder compositions for a lithium-ion battery electrode, electrodes for lithium-ion batteries, and methods of making electrodes for lithium-ion batteries
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/079477
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-03
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Figure PCTCN2025079477-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2025079477-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2025079477-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
BINDER COMPOSITIONS FOR A LITHIUM-ION BATTERY ELECTRODE, ELECTRODES FOR LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES, AND METHODS OF MAKING ELECTRODES FOR LITHIUM-ION BATTERIESFIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The invention relates to binder compositions for lithium-ion battery electrodes, electrodes for lithium-ion batteries, and methods of making electrodes for lithium-ion batteries.BACKGROUND
[0002] Demand for electric vehicles (EV) powered by rechargeable batteries has grown rapidly in recent years due to their excellent performance and increasingly affordable cost. Lithium-ion batteries have been the preferred choice due to their high energy density, good high-temperature performance, long cycle life and low self-discharge rate.
[0003] Lithium-ion batteries typically have an anode comprising graphite as an active material and a cathode comprising lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4; referred to as LFP) or lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt oxides (referred to as NMC) as the active material. The electrodes for lithium-ion batteries are conventional made by coating a current collector (e.g., copper foil for the anode and aluminum foil for the cathode) with a slurry comprised of the active material, a binder composition and a solvent.
[0004] Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) has been the conventional binder of choice in the lithium-ion battery industry for decades due to its excellent chemical resistance and electrochemical stability. According to estimates, about 30Kmt PVDF is used in lithium-ion batteries in the Chinese market.
[0005] However, as a binder, PVDF has some drawbacks such as being environmentally unfriendly and having inadequate mechanical properties, a jelly slurry structure, low electronic and lithium-ionic conductivities, which lead to relatively low capacity, short lifetime and limited charging speed.
[0006] Attempts have been made to increase the energy density of EV batteries by increasing the film thickness on the electrodes. However, thicker film increases the risk of cracking in the slurries used to form the electrodes.
[0007] WO 2024 / 066504, EP 4290622, and WO 2024 / 038796 disclose various attempts for binder compositions for cathodes in lithium-ion batteries.
[0008] However, there is a need for better binder compositions to address one or more of the issues described above.
[0009] The present invention is directed to an improved binder composition for lithium-ion battery electrodes, electrodes for lithium-ion batteries comprising the binder composition, and methods of making electrodes for lithium-ion batteries.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0010] One aspect of the present invention relates to a binder composition for an electrode of a lithium-ion battery comprising acrylic core-shell particles, wherein the acrylic core-shell particles comprise a core and a shell on or around the core. The core comprises a acrylic polymer comprising at least 50 wt%, relative to the total weight of the acrylic polymer of the core, of structural units derived from monoethylenically unsaturated ester monomers of structure R’-C (O) O-R, where R is an alkyl or aryl group and R’ is a monoethylenically unsaturated aliphatic group having at least 2 carbon atoms. The shell comprises an acrylic polymer comprises at least 50 wt%, relative to the total weight of the acrylic polymer of the shell, of structural units derived from monoethylenically unsaturated ester monomers of structure R”’-C (O) O-R” , where R” is an alkyl or aryl group and R”’ is a monoethylenically unsaturated aliphatic group having at least 2 carbon atoms. The shell comprises 4 to 70 wt%of the total weight of the core-shell particles. The acrylic polymer of the core has a glass transition temperature, Tg, as calculated by the Fox equation, at least 20℃ less than a glass transition temperature of the acrylic polymer of the shell.
[0011] A second aspect of the present invention relates to an electrode for a lithium-ion battery comprising a current collector, an active material, and a binder composition according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the active material is distributed in the binder composition and coated on the current collector.
[0012] A third aspect of the present invention relates to a method of making an electrode for a lithium-ion battery comprising providing a current collector; forming a slurry of an active material, a binder composition according to the first aspect of the invention, and a solvent; coating the current collector with the slurry; and drying the slurry to form the electrode.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0013] Disclosed herein is a binder composition for an electrode of a lithium-ion battery, lithium-ion battery electrodes, and a method of making an electrode for a lithium-ion battery.
[0014] The inventors have discovered that acrylic core-shell particles can be used to reduce the amount of PVDF conventionally used in binder compositions for lithium-ion battery electrodes, which would reduce the environmental impact of PVDF. Additionally, the inventors have discovered that the use of acrylic core-shell particles in the binder composition may improve the rheology of binder compositions, the mechanical performance of binder compositions, and / or the electrical properties of lithium-ion battery electrodes using the binder compositions.
[0015] The binder composition of the invention comprises acrylic core-shell particles. As used herein, the phrase “acrylic core-shell particles” refers to core-shell particles comprising at least 50 wt%of structural units derived from acrylic monomers, i.e., monomers having a vinyl group. Similarly, the phrases “acrylic core” and “acrylic shell” refer to a core or shell, respectively, comprises at least 50 wt%of structural units derived from acrylic monomers. The core-shell particles of the present invention are acrylic core-shell particles and comprise an acrylic core and an acrylic shell, i.e., both the core and the shell comprise at least 50 wt%of structural units derived from acrylic monomers.
[0016] As used herein, the phrase “core-shell particles” refers to polymeric particles having a core-shell structure in which a polymeric core has a polymeric shell at least partially formed thereon. The shell may completely cover the core. In addition to the core and shell, the core-shell particles may have at least one intermediate layer disposed between the core and the shell. For example, the core-shell particles may comprise a core and a shell; a core, an intermediate layer, and a shell; or a core, multiple intermediate layers, and a shell.
[0017] As used herein, the phrase “structural unit” refers to the remnant of a monomer after polymerization.
[0018] As used herein, the phrases “ (meth) acrylic” and “ (meth) acrylate” refer to both acrylic and methacrylic or acrylate and methacrylate, respectively. For example, the phrase “butyl (meth) acrylate” encompasses both butyl acrylate and butyl methacrylate.
[0019] The core of the core-shell particles comprises structural units derived from monoethylenically unsaturated ester monomers of structure R1-C (O) O-R, where R is an alkyl or aryl group and R1 is a monoethylenically unsaturated aliphatic group having at least 2 carbon atoms. Preferably, R is an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Preferably, R1 is a monoethylenically unsaturated aliphatic group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 carbon atoms. Preferably, the core comprises structural units derived from butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, and combinations thereof. More preferably, the core comprises structural units derived from butyl acrylate.
[0020] The core comprises at least 50 wt%of the structural units derived from monoethylenically unsaturated ester monomers of structure R1-C (O) O-R based on the total weight of the core. Preferably, the core comprises at least 60 wt%, more preferably, at least 70 wt%, and even more preferably at least 80 wt%, of the structural units derived from monoethylenically unsaturated ester monomers of structure R1-C (O) O-R based on the total weight of the core.
[0021] The core of the core-shell particles may be crosslinked or un-crosslinked. Preferably, the core of the core-shell particles is crosslinked. Suitable crosslinkers may be selected form polyfunctional unsaturated monomers comprising at least two carbon-carbon double bonds. Preferably, the crosslinker is selected from di (meth) acrylates and allyl (meth) acrylate. More preferably, the crosslinker is selected from allyl methacrylate.
[0022] When the acrylic polymer of the core is crosslinked, the crosslinker of the core may be present in an amount ranging from 0.5 wt%to 15 wt%based on the total weight of the core. Preferably, the crosslinker is present in an amount of at least 1 wt%, more preferably at least 2 wt%, and still more preferably at least 3 wt%, relative to the total weight of the core. Preferably, the crosslinker is present in an amount less than 12 wt%, and more preferably less than 10 wt%, relative to the total weight of the core.
[0023] The shell of the core-shell particles comprises structural units derived from monoethylenically unsaturated ester monomers of structure R3-C (O) O-R2, where R2 is an alkyl or aryl group and R3 is a monoethylenically unsaturated aliphatic group having at least 2 carbon atoms. Preferably, R2 is an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and R3 is a monoethylenically unsaturated aliphatic group containing 2 or 3 carbon atoms. More preferably, the shell of the core-shell particles comprises methyl methacrylate. The shell may further comprise structural units derived from other monomers. For example, the shell may comprise structural units derived from monomers including styrene and acrylonitrile. These monomers may be present in the shell in an amount less than 50 wt%, preferably less than 30 wt%, and more preferably less than 15 wt%relative to the total weight of the shell.
[0024] The shell of the core-shell particles may be crosslinked or un-crosslinked. Preferably, the shell of the core-shell particles in un-crosslinked. Suitable crosslinkers may be selected from polyfunctional unsaturated monomers comprising at least two carbon-carbon double bonds. Preferably, the crosslinker is selected from di (meth) acrylates and allyl (meth) acrylate. More preferably, the crosslinker is selected from allyl methacrylate.
[0025] When the acrylic polymer of the shell is crosslinked, the crosslinker of the shell may be present in an amount ranging from 0.5 wt%to 15 wt%based on the total weight of the shell. Preferably, the crosslinker is present in an amount of at least 1 wt%, more preferably at least 2 wt%, and still more preferably at least 3 wt%, relative to the total weight of the shell. Preferably, the crosslinker is present in an amount less than 12 wt%, and more preferably less than 10 wt%, relative to the total weight of the shell.
[0026] The shell comprises at least 50 wt%of the structural units derived from monoethylenically unsaturated ester monomers of structure R3-C (O) O-R2 based on the total weight of the shell. Preferably, the shell comprises at least 60 wt%, more preferably, at least 70 wt%, and even more preferably at least 80 wt%, of the structural units derived from monoethylenically unsaturated ester monomers of structure R3-C (O) O-R2 based on the total weight of the shell.
[0027] The core-shell particles may further comprise at least one intermediate layer. When present, the at least one intermediate layer may comprise structural units derived from monoethylenically unsaturated ester monomers of structure R5-C (O) O-R4, where R4 is an alkyl or aryl group and R5 is a monoethylenically unsaturated aliphatic group having at least 2 carbon atoms. Preferably, R4 is an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and R5 is a monoethylenically unsaturated aliphatic group containing 2 or 3 carbon atoms. More preferably, the at least one intermediate layer comprises structural units derived from butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, styrene, and acrylonitrile.
[0028] The core of the core-shell particles comprises 30 to 96 wt%of the total weight of the core-shell particles. Preferably, the core comprises 70 to 96 wt%of the total weight of the core-shell particles. More preferably, the core comprises 80 to 96 wt%of the total weight of the core-shell particles. Preferably, the shell comprises 4 to 70 wt%of the total weight of the core-shell particles. More preferably, the shell comprises 4 to 30 wt%of the total weight of the core-shell particles. Even more preferably, the shell comprises 4 to 20 wt%of the total weight of the core-shell particles. When present, the at least one intermediate layer may comprise from 5 to 60 wt%of the total weight of the core-shell particles.
[0029] The composition of the core and shell of the core-shell particles is different. The core and shell may comprise similar structural units, but the overall compositions of the core and shell are not identical. For example, the core and shell may both contain structural units derived from methyl methacrylate, but the core may contain a different amount of structural units derived from methyl methacrylate. When present, the composition of each of the at least one intermediate layer differs from the composition of the acrylic core polymer and the acrylic shell polymer.
[0030] The acrylic polymer of the core has a lower glass transition temperature, Tg, than the glass transition temperature of the acrylic polymer of the shell. As used herein, the glass transition temperature, Tg, is the glass transition temperature calculated by the Fox equation.
[0031] The Tg is calculated using the Fox equation [Bulletin of the American Physical Society 1, 3 Page 123 (1956) ] as follows:
[0032] For a copolymer, w1 and w2 refer to the weight fraction of the two comonomers, based on weight of monomers charged to the reaction vessel, and Tg (1) and Tg (2) refer to the glass transition temperatures of the two corresponding homopolymers in degrees Kelvin. For polymers containing three or more monomers, additional terms are added (wn / Tg (n) ) . The glass transition temperatures of homopolymers for the purposes of this invention are those reported in "Polymer Handbook" , edited by J. Brandrup and E.H. Immergut, Interscience Publishers, 1966, unless that publication does not report the Tg of a particular homopolymer, in which case the Tg of the homopolymer is measured by differential scanning colorimetry (DSC) .
[0033] Preferably, the Tg of the core is at least 20℃ lower than Tg of the shell, more preferably at least 40℃ lower, even more preferably at least 60℃ lower, still more preferably at least 80℃, and yet more preferably at least 100℃.
[0034] Preferably, the core-shell particles of the binder composition replace a portion of polyvinylidene fluoride used in the binder composition. The inventors have found that replacing a portion of the PVDF conventionally used in binder compositions may improve the rheology of the binder compositions when used as a slurry, or the mechanical properties of the binder composition when used in an electrode of a lithium-ion battery.
[0035] Preferably, the core-shell particles replace at least 5 wt%of the PVDF used in the binder composition, more preferably at least 10 wt%, and less than 70 wt%of the PVDF. Therefore, the weight ratio of the core-shell particles to PVDF in the binder compositions is at least 1: 19, and preferably at least 1: 9. Preferably, the weight ratio of the core-shell particles to PVDF in the binder composition ranges from 1: 19 to less than 7: 3, more preferably from 1: 9 to 6: 4, even more preferably from 1: 5 to 1: 1, and still more preferably from 1: 4 to 1: 1. It has been discovered that a binder composition having a weight ratio of core-shell particles to PVDF of 7: 3 or greater (i.e., 70 wt%or greater core-shell particles with respect to the total weight of core-shell particles and PVDF in the binder composition) results in insufficient mechanical properties for use in electrodes. It has also been discovered that a binder composition having a weight ratio of core-shell particles to PVDF of at least 1: 9 increases the capacity retention and lifespan of lithium-ion batteries.
[0036] The core-shell particles preferably had an average particle diameter ranging from 50 to 1000 nm, more preferably from 60 to 500 nm. As used herein, the phrase “average particle diameter” means the weight average particle size of the core-shell particles as measured using a Brookhaven BI-90 Particle Sizer.
[0037] Another aspect of the invention relates to an electrode for a lithium-ion battery using the binder composition described above.
[0038] The electrode comprises a current collector, an active material, and the binder composition. The active material is distributed within the binder composition and applied to or coated on the current collector.
[0039] When the electrode is used as an anode, the current collector is preferably copper or a copper foil and the active material is selected from carbon, graphite, carbon coated graphite, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, and combinations thereof. When the electrode is used as a cathode, the current collector is preferably aluminum or an aluminum foil and the active material is selected from lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) .
[0040] Preferably, the core-shell particles of the binder composition are present in an amount of 0.1 to 10 wt%based on the total dry weight of the active material and binder composition in the electrode, more preferably from 0.5 to 7.5 wt%.
[0041] A further aspect of the invention relates to a method of making the electrode for a lithium-ion battery. In the method, a current collector is provided. A slurry is formed from the active material, the binder composition as described above, and a solvent. The slurry is deposited on the current collector and dried to form the electrode.
[0042] The solvent may be selected from known solvents for the purpose of preparing electrodes. For example, the solvent may be N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) .
[0043] The slurry may further comprise additional components, including conductive agents or dispersing agents. An example of a conductive agent includes carbon (graphite) . An example of a dispersing agent is polyvinylpyrrolidone, which may aid in the dispersion of the active material or conductive agents in the binding composition.
[0044] Preferably, the slurry comprises the active agent in an amount ranging from 50 to 97 wt%, the core-shell particles in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 10 wt%, PVDF in an amount ranging from 0.5 to 10 wt%, the solvent in an amount ranging from 25 to 50 wt%, optionally a dispersing agent in an amount ranging from 0 to 1 wt%, and a conductive agent in an amount ranging from 0.5 to 2 wt%, wherein the weights are based on the total weight of a dry film, i.e., the total weight of the film formed after drying the slurry.
[0045] Preferably, the slurry is applied to the current collector to form a film of the slurry, which is then dried to form the electrode. EXAMPLES
[0046] Ingredients used to prepare the examples are listed below in Table 1. Table 1
[0047] A slurry was made according to the formulations shown below in Table 2. To form the slurries, the Super Carbon and PVP dispersing agent were weighed into a bottle with NMP solvent according to the amounts shown in Table 2 (e.g., for IE1, 0.006 g of PVP and 0.12 g of Super Carbon were dispersed in 1.724 g of NMP solvent) . The bottle was sealed with black glue and put into a speed mixer for 3 minutes at 3000 rpm. LFP and NMP were weighed into the same bottle (e.g., for IE1, 12 g LFP were dispersed in 2.55 g NMP solvent) , sealed with black glue and put into a speed mixer for 3 minutes at 2000 rpm. In a separate bottle, NMP was weighed into a bottle and put in a high dispersing machine and mixed at 500 rpm, gradually adding PVDF to the NMP, gradually increasing the speed to 1500 rpm and mixed for 30 minutes (e.g., for IE1, 0.324 g PVDF were dispersed in 2.916 g NMP solvent) . In a separate bottle, NMP was weighed into a bottle and put in a high dispersing machine and mixed at a speed under 500 rpm, gradually adding the CSP to the NMP and then gradually increasing the speed to 1500 rpm and mixed for 30 minutes (e.g., for IE1, 0.036 g CSP were dispersed in 0.324 g NMP solvent) . The bottles containing the PVDF in NMP and CSP in NMP were sealed after mixing and allowed to sit until foaming disappeared.
[0048] The predispersed components were then mixed together under a speed mixer for 3 minutes under 2000 rpm and then mixed for another 3 minutes at 2000 rpm. Table 2
[0049] Binder compositions were prepared in a similar manner. To test the mechanical properties of substituting a portion of PVDF with the acrylic CSP, formulations according to Table 3 were prepared. PVDF and CSP were dispersed in NMP in separate bottles and then mixed together as described above. Table 3 TESTING -RHEOLOGICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
[0050] Rheology tests were conducted on the samples using a Brookfield VAP 2000+viscometer using spindle 10#and a speed of 6 rpm. A spatula was used to place a drop of slurry on the plate of the viscometer. A corresponding spindle 10#and speed were selected. The test results for CE1, IE1, and IE2 are shown below in Table 4. Table 4
[0051] As seen in Table 4 above, the inventive examples demonstrated improved rheological properties compared to the comparative example. By replacing a portion of the PVDF with the acrylic core-shell particles (CSP) , the inventive examples, IE1 and IE2, demonstrated lower viscosity and less jelly structure compared to the comparative example, CE1. The lower viscosity may provide easier processing during battery manufacture, but also allows for the use of higher solid content slurries. Higher solid content slurries would allow for the use of lower amounts of solvents, such as NMP.
[0052] To test for cracking, a drawdown was made with a custom-made bar with a gradient thickness film. After the film dried in an 80℃ vacuum oven for 3 hours, the thickness of the film that exhibited the initial cracking was recorded.
[0053] The inventive examples also demonstrated enhanced resistance to cracking. Inventive examples IE1, with a core-shell particle to PVDF ratio of 1: 9 and IE2, with a core-shell particle to PVDF ratio of 2: 8 exhibited initial cracking at significantly higher thicknesses than CE1. The increase in the initial cracking thickness is expected to enable the production of thicker electrode films with fewer cracking or peeling issues during calendaring and transportation processes. Comparative example CE3, which had a core-shell particle to PVDF ratio of 7: 3, exhibited similar cracking to CE1, while comparative example CE4 which contained no PVDF, demonstrated much poorer resistance to cracking than CE1. This indicates that increasing the core-shell particle loading beyond a certain amount degrades cracking resistance and results in insufficient mechanical properties to serve in an electrode.
[0054] The binder compositions were tested to measure their mechanical properties. 30g of each sample were placed in glass discs and heated in an 80℃ for 18 hours. The tensile stress and tensile strain of each sample was measured according to ASTM Standard Test: D1708-18. The results are shown below in Table 5. Table 5
[0055] As shown above in Table 5, the tensile stress was not significantly impacted by the replacement of a portion of PVDF with the acrylic core-shell particles (CSP) of the invention. However, the inventive examples exhibited significant elongation improvement with higher levels of CSP. TESTING -ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
[0056] To test the electrical properties of lithium-ion batteries comprising a binder composition according to the invention, cathode slurries were prepared in accordance the formulations of Table 6. Table 6
[0057] Each cathode slurry was prepared by pre-dispersing PVDF and CSP separately in NMP at a concentration of 10%. Then, the pre-dispersed PVDF, pre-dispersed CSP, and LFP were combined in a KURABO KK-250SE mixer, using 1600 rpm resolution and 1360 rpm rotation for 10 minutes. Next, Super carbon and residual NMP and were added, and mixing continued for another 10 minutes.
[0058] The coin cells were fabricated using a standard procedure as follows. First, a cathode film with a wet thickness of 150 microns was drawn onto an aluminum substrate and dried in a vacuum oven with 80℃ for at least 6 hours. Next, the electrodes underwent a calendaring process to increase porosity and integrity. The electrodes were then cut into small circles with a diameter of 12mm. Finally, the coin cells were assembled in a glovebox to ensure proper alignment and sealing, detailed testing conditions were listed in Table 7. Each slurry formulation produced at least four-coin cells for testing and repeatability studies. Table 7
[0059] The battery initial capacity, initial coulombic efficiency and capacity retention after 95 cycles of charge and discharge were tested based on the assembled coin cells. Table 8
[0060] In Table 3, inventive examples IE6 (CSP to PVDF ratio of 1: 9) , IE7 (CSP to PVDF ratio of 2: 8) , and IE8 (CSP to PVDF ratio of 5: 5) had initial capacity and initial coulombic efficiency close to CE5. However, the inventive examples exhibited higher capacity retention value after 95 cycles of charge and discharge compared to CE5. As the CSP to PVDF ratio increased from 1: 9 to 5: 5, the capacity retention improved, indicating that high CSP loading enhances the battery′s capacity retention and further extends the battery’s lifespan.
Claims
1.A binder composition for an electrode of a lithium-ion battery comprising acrylic core-shell particles, wherein the acrylic core-shell particles comprise a core and a shell on or around the core,wherein the core comprises an acrylic polymer comprising at least 50 wt%, relative to the total weight of the acrylic polymer of the core, of structural units derived from monoethylenically unsaturated ester monomers of structure R1-C (O) O-R, where R is an alkyl or aryl group and R1 is a monoethylenically unsaturated aliphatic group having at least 2 carbon atoms;wherein the shell comprises an acrylic polymer comprises at least 50 wt%, relative to the total weight of the acrylic polymer of the shell, of structural units derived from monoethylenically unsaturated ester monomers of structure R3-C (O) O-R2, where R2 is an alkyl or aryl group and R3 is a monoethylenically unsaturated aliphatic group having at least 2 carbon atoms;wherein the shell comprises 4 to 70 wt%of the total weight of the core-shell particles; andwherein the acrylic polymer of the core has a glass transition temperature, Tg, as calculated by the Fox equation, at least 20℃ less than a glass transition temperature of the acrylic polymer of the shell.2.The binder composition of claim 1, wherein the acrylic polymer of the core comprises structural units derived from the group consisting of butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, and combinations thereof.3.The binder composition of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the acrylic polymer of the core is crosslinked.4.The binder composition of claim 3, wherein the acrylic polymer of the core is crosslinked with a crosslinker selected from di (meth) acrylates, allyl acrylate, and allyl methacrylate.5.The binder composition of claim 4, wherein the allyl methacrylate is present in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 10 wt%relative to the total weight of the acrylic polymer of the core.6.The binder composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the acrylic polymer of the shell comprises structural units derived from methyl methacrylate.7.The binder composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the acrylic polymer of the shell further comprises structural units derived from monomers selected from styrene, acrylonitrile, and combinations thereof.8.The binder composition of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising polyvinylidene fluoride.9.The binder composition of claim 8, wherein a weight ratio of the core-shell particles to polyvinylidene fluoride ranges from 1: 19 to less than 7: 3.10.The binder composition of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the core-shell particles have an average particle diameter of 50 to 1000 nm.11.An electrode for a lithium-ion battery, comprising:a current collector;an active material;and a binder composition of any one of the preceding claims;wherein the active material is distributed in the binder composition and coated on the current collector.12.The electrode of claim 11, wherein the current collector is aluminum and the active material is selected from lithium iron phosphate and lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide.13.The electrode of claim 11, wherein the current collector is copper and the active material is selected from carbon, graphite, carbon coated graphite, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, and combinations thereof.14.The electrode of claim 12, wherein the binder composition comprises the core-shell particles and polyvinylidene fluoride in a weight ratio ranging from 1: 19 to less than 7: 3.15.A method of making an electrode for a lithium-ion battery, comprising:providing a current collector;forming a slurry of an active material, a binder composition of any one of claims 1 to 10, and a solvent;coating the current collector with the slurry; anddrying the slurry.