Method and system for testing scouring and scratching resistance of a release agent
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/079905
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-28
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-03
Smart Images

Figure CN2025079905_03092026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
Method and System for Testing Scouring and Scratching Resistance of a Release AgentField
[0001] The present application generally relates to a method and a system for testing scouring and scratching resistance of a release agent which is especially adopted for die-casting.Background
[0002] There is an increasing demand for vehicle weight reduction in the automotive sector. Therefore, more and more vehicle manufactories use aluminum in place of steel to form vehicle bodies. Moreover, technological developments require the aluminum to be die-casted rather than to be forged, to form the vehicle bodies and thus to simplify manufacturing processes and save manufacturing costs correspondingly.
[0003] Usually, one vehicle body can be comprised of a plurality of parts which can be independently made and then assembled. Now, as technologies are developing, less parts are used to assemble one vehicle body and thus the parts will become larger than ever. Therefore, a technology called as monolithic die-casting (or giga-casting) becomes being adopted more and more widely in the automotive sector because using this technology several larger parts could be die-casted one time in a single die. This technology is advantageous in aspects of material utilization, production efficiency, product quality, product consistency, and manufacturing costs, etc. such that it has been favored by several industrial sectors.
[0004] During a conventional giga-casting process, parts to be die-casted will usually undergo heat treatment. However, the heat treatment probably causes the parts to be deformed and thus to be disposed as defective products. Recently, there is a trend to cancel the heat treatment during the giga-casting process. However, although cancelling the heat treatment during the giga-casting process will avoid potential deformation of the parts, a die will most likely to be dragged and / or soldered. This is because the heat treatment can be used as a step, during the giga-casting process, to clean any residue from surfaces of the parts to be die-casted. At present, a release agent will have to be adopted during a giga-casting process without heat treatment. Usually, the release agent is used as a chemical fluid whose concentration can be adjusted. Due to the chemical characteristics of the release agent, it can be applied onto a surface of a hot object, as a protective film, to protect the object from being damaged by another hot metal or liquid object when contact theretween occurs. The release agent is usually applied onto an inner surface of a hot die when it is empty, to protect the surface during a giga-casting process, especially when a molten metallic liquid (aluminum or aluminum alloy liquid) injected into the die is in direct contact with the surface. The release agent is required to be evenly spread as a continuous film layer on the die’s surface in a physical or chemical adsorption manner, to provide an effect of isolating the molten metallic liquid from the die’s inner surface. At the begin of the giga-casting or die-casting process, the applied release agent will be subjected to scouring and scratching by the injected molten metallic liquid. Suitable scouring and scratching resistance of the release agent can ensure smooth release of die-casted products from the die and that the inner surface of the die is in undamaged condition after a prescribed number of uses. That is to say, the scouring and scratching resistance of a release agent adopted during a giga-casting or die-casting process is a key factor used to evaluate the release agent’s performance. Different release agents are made in different formulates and thus have different performances. In most cases, it is desired to test the different release agents available in the market to find one which can be best suitable for a concrete die for giga-casing or automotive die-casting. However, since the die for giga-casing or automotive die-casting is usually complex in shape and large in size, it is difficult, time-consuming, and laborious to test the release agents directly using the die on site of a production line or shop.Summary
[0005] It is an objective of the present application to propose a method and a system for testing scouring and scratching resistance of a release agent which is especially adopted for die-casting such that the method can be readily carried out on site of a production line or shop and the system can be used here to reliably determine the release agent’s scouring and scratching resistance before a die-casting process begins.
[0006] According to one aspect of the present application, a method for testing scouring and scratching resistance of a release agent adopted during die-casting is provided, comprising:
[0007] preparing a die for test having a hollow cavity;
[0008] applying a release agent on an inner surface of the hollow cavity of the die for test by ejecting the release agent, as a spray, at a given distance from the die for test after it has been heated to a given temperature;
[0009] preparing a seal member which is slightly softer than the die for test and is sized at least partially in an interference fit with the inner surface of the hollow cavity of the die for test when the seal member is driven to pass the hollow cavity;
[0010] detecting a pressure exerted on the seal member, when moving through the hollow cavity; recording a data history from the detection of the pressure; and
[0011] determining the scouring and scratching resistance of the release agent based on the data history.
[0012] In an embodiment, the data history is a pressure data history directly reflecting the detected pressure or alternatively a data history indirectly reflecting the detected pressure.
[0013] In an embodiment, a certain value is chosen from the recorded data history as a quantitative indicator to determine the scouring and scratching resistance of the release agent.
[0014] In an embodiment, the certain value is the maximum value or an average value among the recorded data history.
[0015] In an embodiment, the certain value is a value chosen among the data history after the seal member has moved relative to the die for test by a fixed non-zero distance or for a fixed non-zero time.
[0016] In an embodiment, the cavity of the die for test has a surface having a surface roughness of N2 to N10 and a Rockwell Hardness greater than 32.
[0017] In an embodiment, the die for test has a hollow cylindrical body in which the cavity is formed, the cylindrical body has an end face from which the seal member is inserted through the hollow cavity, the hollow cavity has a first segment adjacent to the end face, and the first segment is configured to taper from the end face towards the other opposing end of the cylindrical body of the die for test.
[0018] In an embodiment, the hollow cavity of the die for test is formed such that as the seal member moves through the hollow cavity, the pressure exerted onto the seal member becomes greater from zero.
[0019] In an embodiment, the hollow cavity of the die for test has a second segment adjacent to the other opposing end face of the cylindrical body of the die for test, and the second segment is configured to taper from the other opposing end face towards the first segment.
[0020] In an embodiment, the hollow cavity of the die for test comprises at least one additional segment axially disposed between the first and second segments.
[0021] In an embodiment, the hollow cavity of the die for test is formed such that as the seal member moves through the hollow cavity, the pressure exerted onto the seal member becomes greater from zero, after it arrives at the maximum, the pressure becomes less until zero.
[0022] In an embodiment, the seal member is embodied as a seal ring having an outer surface to contact the inner surface of the hollow cavity of the die for test.
[0023] According to another aspect, a system for testing scouring and scratching resistance of a release agent adopted during die-casting is provided, comprising:
[0024] a die for test having a hollow cavity;
[0025] a heating subsystem configured for heating to the die for test to a given temperature;
[0026] a spraying subsystem configured for applying a release agent on an inner surface of the hollow cavity of the die for test by ejecting the release agent, as a spray, at a given distance from the die for test after being heated by the heating subsystem; and
[0027] a pressure test subsystem by which a seal member can be driven to pass the hollow cavity and a pressure exerted on the seal member when moving through the hollow cavity is detected such that a data history can be recorded from the detection, wherein the seal member which is slightly softer than the die for test and is sized at least partially in an interference fit with the inner surface of the hollow cavity of the die for test, and wherein the scouring and scratching resistance of the release agent is determined based on the recorded data history.
[0028] In an embodiment, the data history is a pressure data history directly reflecting the detected pressure or alternatively a data history indirectly reflecting the detected pressure.
[0029] In an embodiment, a certain value is chosen from the recorded data history as a quantitative indicator to determine the scouring and scratching resistance of the release agent.
[0030] In an embodiment, the certain value is the maximum value or an average value among the recorded data history.
[0031] In an embodiment, the certain value is a value chosen among the data history after the seal member has moved relative to the die for test by a fixed non-zero distance or for a fixed non-zero time.
[0032] In an embodiment, the cavity of the die for test has a surface having a surface roughness of N2 to N10 and a Rockwell Hardness greater than 32.
[0033] In an embodiment, the hollow cavity of the die for test is formed such that as the seal member moves through the hollow cavity, the pressure exerted onto the seal member can be transmitted to the punch, the pressure test subsystem further comprises a pressure sensor configured for recording the pressure.
[0034] In an embodiment, the pressure test subsystem comprises a frame in which a punch and a receptacle are installed, the receptacle is configured to receive the die for test, the punch is configured to receive the seal member and to be coaxial with the hollow cavity of the die for test, the punch is selectively driven to move towards the hollow cavity of the die for test such that the seal member is movable through the hollow cavity.
[0035] In an embodiment, the die for test has a hollow cylindrical body in which the cavity is formed, the cylindrical body has an end face from which the seal member is inserted through the hollow cavity, the hollow cavity has a first segment adjacent to the end face, and the first segment is configured to taper from the end face towards the other opposing end of the cylindrical body of the die for test.
[0036] In an embodiment, the hollow cavity of the die for test is formed such that as the seal member moves through the hollow cavity, the pressure exerted onto the seal member becomes greater from zero.
[0037] In an embodiment, the hollow cavity of the die for test has a second segment adjacent to the other opposing end face of the cylindrical body of the die for test, and the second segment is configured to taper from the other opposing end face towards the first segment.
[0038] In an embodiment, the hollow cavity of the die for test comprises at least one additional segment axially disposed between the first and second segments.
[0039] In an embodiment, the hollow cavity of the die for test is formed such that as the seal member moves through the hollow cavity, the pressure exerted onto the seal member becomes greater from zero, after it arrives at the maximum, the pressure becomes less until zero.
[0040] In an embodiment, the seal member is embodied as a seal ring which can be sleeved on one end of the punch and has an outer surface to contact the inner surface of the hollow cavity of the die for test.
[0041] In an embodiment, the frame is arranged vertically such that the punch is selectively movable upwards or downwards; or alternatively the frame is arranged horizontally such that the punch is selectively movable leftwards or rightwards.
[0042] Using the inventive technical measures as explained above or below, the performance of the release agent relevant to its scouring and scratching resistance can be readily determined to provide a recommendation basis on how the release agent can be used during actual die-casting. The method and system according to the present application is advantageous in that they will enable a user to test various release agents on site of a production line or shop and determine which one among the release agents shall be chosen and how it can be used during actual die-casting.
[0043] Brief description to the drawings
[0044] The novel features believed characteristic of the illustrative examples are set forth in the appended claims. The illustrative examples, however, as well as a preferred mode of use, further objectives and descriptions thereof, will best be understood by reference to the following detailed description of an illustrative example of the present disclosure when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
[0045] Fig. 1 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a system, according to an embodiment of the present application, for testing scouring and scratching resistance of a release agent adopted for die-casting;
[0046] Fig. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the die for text according to an embodiment of the present application;
[0047] Fig. 3 is a view schematically illustrating the spraying subsystem according to an embodiment of the present application;
[0048] Fig. 4 is a view schematically illustrating a pressure test subsystem according to an embodiment of the present application;
[0049] Fig. 5 is a flow chart schematically illustrating a method for testing scouring and scratching resistance of a release agent according to an embodiment of the present application; and
[0050] Figs. 6 to 13 show results of test examples carried out by the method and the system according to the present application respectively.
[0051] Embodiments
[0052] Disclosed examples or embodiments will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all of the disclosed examples are shown. Indeed, several different examples may be described and should not be construed as limited to the examples or embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these examples or embodiments are described so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
[0053] By the term “approximately” or “substantially” with reference to amounts or measurement values described herein, it is meant that the recited characteristic, parameter, or value need not be achieved exactly, but that deviations or variations, including for example, tolerances, measurement error, measurement accuracy limitations and other factors known to those of skill in the art, may occur in amounts that do not preclude the effect the characteristic was intended to provide.
[0054] Although as mentioned in the background part of the disclosure the scouring and scratching resistance of a release agent is a key factor for evaluating its performance, no specific quantitative indicators are found in the prior art to determine the scouring and scratching resistance of the release agent even if physical and chemical indicators such as solid content, PH value, density, appearance, etc., can be known for the release agent.
[0055] Fig. 1 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a system 10 for testing scouring and scratching resistance of a release agent adopted during die-casting. The system 10 generally comprises a die for test 100, a heating subsystem 200, a spraying subsystem 300, and a pressure test subsystem 400. The die for test 100 is a member made of a metallic material which is the same as that used to form a die for actual die-casting or giga-casting. In an embodiment, the die for test 100 is formed with a hollow cavity which extends longitudinally through the entire die for test 100. For example, the die for test 100 is generally shaped as a hollow cylindrical body having a flange 110 which radially outwards from an outer surface of the cylindrical body. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view schematically illustrating the die for text 100 according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown, the flange 110 is close to an end face 101 of the body. According to the embodiment, the die for test 100 can be made of a H13-type die steel known in the art, the hollow cavity of the die for test 100 has an inner surface with a surface roughness of 1.6 and with a Rockwell hardness (HRC) of 50~52, for example after being subjected to heat treatment.
[0056] As shown by Fig. 2, the cylindrical body of the die for test 100 has two end faces 101 and 102 longitudinally opposing each other. The hollow cavity is longitudinally formed between the two opposing end faces 101 and 102. In an embodiment, the hollow cavity is longitudinally divided into at least three segments, two of which are adjacent to the end faces 101 and 102 respectively. In an embodiment, the segment adjacent to one end face 101 or 102 is formed to taper towards the other end face 102 or 101. That is, the segments of the hollow cavity adjacent to the opposing end faces respectively taper oppositely. In an embodiment, the segments can be shaped such that angle or rounded transition might exist between two adjacent segments.
[0057] In a preferred embodiment, the segment adjacent to the end face 101 tapers towards the end face 102 in a coning angle relative to a longitudinal central axis of the hollow cavity. Additionally, the segment adjacent to the end face 102 tapers towards the end face 101 in various coning angles relative to the longitudinal central axis of the hollow cavity. Three coning angles A1, A2, and A3 are shown for the segment adjacent to the end face 102, which coning angles are less and less in this order (from the end face 102 towards the end face 101) . For example, the coning angle A1 closest to the end face 102 is about 6 degrees, the coning angle A2 is about 3 degrees, and the coning angle A3 farthest away from the end face 102 is about 2 degrees. In the hollow cavity, at least one segment between the oppositely tapering segments (the middle segment in the illustrated embodiment) is hollow cylinder-shaped. In an alternative or additional embodiment, the segment adjacent to the end face 101 can be configured in a manner similar to the segment adjacent to the end face 102. It can be understood by a person skilled in the art that in the segment the number of the coning angles can be set to be less or more than three.
[0058] In an embodiment, the heating subsystem 200 can comprise an electric heating oven which can be implemented in any suitable form known in the art. The electric heating oven is such a device into which the die for test 100 can be placed and heated therein by a resistive heater of the device. The output power of the resistive heater is adjustable such that the die for test 100 can be heated to a predefined temperature. If necessary, the die for text 100 can be kept at the predefined temperature in the electric heating oven. In an embodiment, to precisely determine a temperature of an inner surface of the hollow cavity of the die for test 100 already heated through the heating subsystem 200, a non-contact or contact temperature detecting device (not shown here) could be assigned to the heating subsystem 200. For example, the non-contact or contact temperature detecting device can be manually manipulated by a user to detect the temperature of the inner surface of the hollow cavity of the die for test 100 already heated by the electric heating oven. When the temperature detecting device is in the form of a contact temperature detecting device, it can be provided with a temperature probe (not shown) which is an elongated rod having an end for contacting a surface of an object to measure the surface’s temperature. Alternatively, when the temperature detecting device is in the form of a non-contact temperature detecting device, it can be configured to operate in an infrared temperature measurement principle.
[0059] Fig. 3 is a view schematically illustrating the spraying subsystem 300 according to an embodiment of the present application. The spraying subsystem 300 is used to spray or apply a release agent onto the inner surface of the die for test 100 already heated through the heating subsystem 200. As shown, the spraying subsystem 300 generally comprises a base 310. Two movable and lockable supports 320 and 330 are disposed on the base 310. The support 320 is linearly slidable relative to the base 310; and the support 330 is also linearly slidable relative to the base 310. For this purpose, a sliding rail 311 can be provided in the base 310, on or in which sliding rail the supports 320 and 330 are installed and selectively slidable or lockable. If necessary, two or more sliding rails 311 could be provided. In an embodiment, each sliding rail 311 can be in the form of a straight slot formed the base 310 by a length. If two or more sliding rails are provided, they are parallel to each other. The supports 320 and 330 can be in the form of a slide respectively, which slide can be guided in the sliding rail (s) . At least one bolt 340 (two bolts 340 being shown here) is disposed to pass the straight slot of the respective sliding rail 311 and the support guided in the straight slot. Each bolt 340 is designed such that it can selectively clamp the support relative to the base 310 using a nut which can be screwed together with the bolt. In this way, the supports 320 and 330 can be linearly slidable and selectively lockable relative to the base 310. However, it should be understood by a person skilled in that that any other suitable manner known in the art can be adopted here to enable the supports 320 and 330 to be linearly slidable and selectively lockable relative to the base 310.
[0060] A bracket 321 is disposed on the support 320, for example on a top side thereof. The bracket 321 is configured to be adjustable in a vertical direction and / or a horizontal direction. Here, the vertical direction is defined as a direction perpendicular to or substantially perpendicular to a plane where the base 310 is placed; and the horizontal direction is defined as a direction perpendicular to or substantially perpendicular to the vertical direction. An atomizer nozzle 322 is secured on the bracket 321, for example on a top end thereof, as shown by Fig. 3. The atomizer nozzle 322 is fluidically connected to a pneumatic supply 323 (such as an air pressure pump) by a pipeline 324 and to a release agent storage source 325 (such as a release agent storage container) by a pipeline 326. In this way, pressurized air and a release agent in liquid form can be supplied to the atomizer nozzle 322 such that the release agent can be atomized there and ejected out of there as a spray. According to the present application, the atomizer nozzle 332 is designed such that the spray can be ejected at an adjustable flow rate and / or a flow pressure. For example, the flow rate and / or pressure adjustment can be carried out by modifying the output power pneumatic supply 323 or the outflow of the release agent storage source 325.
[0061] Another bracket 331 is disposed on the support 330, for example on a top side thereof. The bracket 331 is configured such that the die for test 100 can be releasably installed on it. For example, the bracket 331 can be made by a plate which is bent as a substantially V-shape, and the tip of the V-shape is secured relative to the top side of the bracket 331 such that the opening of the V-shape is oriented upwards. The die for test 100 can be placed into the opening of the V-shaped bracket 331 such that the end face 101 of the die for test 100 faces the atomizer nozzle 322. In an embodiment, the atomizer nozzle 322 and the die for text 100 placed on the bracket 331 are coaxially with each other. That is to say, the spray ejected out of the atomizer nozzle 322 has a primary axis overlapping with the longitudinal central axis of the hollow cavity of the die for test 100 already placed on the bracket 331. The V-shaped design of the bracket 331 is advantageous in that when the die for test 100 is placed into the opening of the bracket 331, the die for test 100 can be automatically centered to ensure the axis overlapping between the atomizer nozzle 322 and the die for test 100. In the illustrated embodiment, a part of the hollow cylindrical body of the die for test 100 other than the flange 110 is placed in the bracket 331 and the flange 110 contacts a side of the bracket 331 oriented towards the atomizer nozzle 322. Such a design enables the die for test 100, placed on the bracket 331, to be always at a given axial distance from the atomizer nozzle 322 if the supports 320 and 330 have been locked relative to the base 310. Therefore, when the spray of the release agent is ejected out of the atomizer nozzle 322, it can be evenly applied around at least a part of the entire inner surface of the hollow cavity of the die for test 100 such that every time when it is applied, the release agent can be distributed longitudinally and circumferentially on the inner surface of the hollow cavity in a predefined pattern. This can create a basis on which different release agents, after ejected out of the atomizer nozzle 322, can be compared with each other.
[0062] Fig. 4 is a view schematically illustrating a pressure test subsystem 400 according to an embodiment of the present application. The pressure test subsystem 400 mainly comprises a frame, a platform 430 movably installed in the frame, and a receptacle 440 securely installed in the frame to releasably receive the die for test 100. In an embodiment, as shown by Fig. 4, the frame of the pressure test subsystem 400 comprises two parallel plates 410 and 420 (i.e., a bottom plate 410 and a top plate 420) , and several pillars 415 securely arranged between the two parallel plates 410 and 420. For example, the platform 430 is arranged parallel to the two plates 410 and 420 and is slidably guided by the pillars 415. For example, the platform 430 is generally rectangular and planar, and is formed with holes adjacent to its four corners. The pillars 415 are four and perpendicular to the two plates 410 and 420. The pillars 415 are configured to pass the holes of the platform 430 such that the platform 430 can be guided by the pillars 415 to be moved back and forth between the two plates 410 and 420. A lead screw 431 is assigned for the platform 430. For example, the lead screw 431 is operatively coupled to the platform 430 at one end and to an electric motor 432 at the other end. The lead screw 431 is configured to pass the plate 420, in a freely rotatable manner, and the electric motor 432 is shown aside the plate 420. When the lead screw 431 is driven by the electric motor 430 to rotate in different directions, the platform 430 can be moved back and forth between the plates 420 and 410 respectively. In the illustrated embodiment, the platform 430 can be selectively moved upwards and downwards between the plates 420 and 410. In an alternative embodiment, the lead screw 431 can be replaced by an electric hydraulic cylinder 431 driven by the electric motor 432. It can be understood by a person skilled in the art that any other electric linear driver can be adopted in the present application to drive the platform 430 to move in the frame of the pressure test subsystem 400.
[0063] A punch 434 is provided at a side of the platform 430 opposing the lead screw 431. The punch 434 is in the form of an elongated rod. The punch 434 is perpendicular to the side of the platform 430. A pressure sensor 433 is disposed between the punch 434 and the side of the platform 430 to sense a pressure (for example, an axial pressure) exerted on the punch 434. According to the present application, the pressure sensor 433 can be a device like a pressure gauge, a pressure manometer or any other suitable pressure measurement device available in the market. Pressure data obtained by the pressure sensor 433 can be for example wirelessly, or via a cable, transmitted to a computer, and stored therein for real-time, on-line, or off-line analysis. The pressure sensor 433 is installed at an end of the punch 434 adjacent to the platform 430. The opposing other end of the punch 434 is releasably installed with a seal member. For example, the seal member can be embodied as a seal ring 435. It is understood by a person skilled in the art that any other suitably shaped seal member can be adopted in the present application as soon as it can achieve the same effects as explained in the disclosure. For example, the other end of the punch 434 is formed with a diameter less than that of the remainder part of the punch 434. In this way, the seal ring 435 can be sleeved about the other end of the punch 434 such that the seal ring 435 can be axially attached against a radial step formed between the other end and the remainder part of the punch 434. According to the present application, the seal ring 435 is made of a material softer than the die for test 100. For example, the seal ring 435 can be made of a rigid rubber material. The receptacle 440 is secured on the plate 410, and is formed with a hollow chamber 441. The hollow chamber 441 is formed to releasably receive the die for test 100. For example, a step face 440a is formed in the hollow chamber 441. In the illustrated embodiment, when the die for test 100 is received in place by the chamber 441 of the receptacle 440, the die for test 100 at its flange 110 is in contact with the step face 440a of the receptacle 440. Moreover, the end face 101 of the die for test 100 flushes with an end face 440b of the receptacle 440. The chamber 441 is sized such that it can suitably receive the cylindrical body of the die for test 100 except for the flange 110. The receptacle 440 can be secured on the plate 410 via any suitable mechanical means such as bolts, screws or the like. The die for text 100 and the receptacle 440 are configured such that when the former is received in place by the latter, the punch 434 and the seal ring 435 installed thereon are coaxial with the hollow cavity of the die for test 100. In the illustrated embodiment, the end face 101 is oriented towards the seal ring 435 and the punch 434. Therefore, as the punch 434 is driven to move towards the end face 101, the seal ring 435 can enter the hollow cavity of the die for test 100 from the end face 101 to the end face 102 of the hollow cavity of the die for test 100. In the illustrated embodiment, the receptacle 440 is secured on the plate 410 such that the end face 440b of the receptacle 440 is far away from the plate 410. In a not-shown alternative embodiment, the receptacle 440 can be secured on the plate 410 such that the end face 440b of the receptacle 440 is in contact with the plate 410. In this case, it is required to first insert the die for test 100 into the receptacle 440 and then secure it on the plate 410. So, as the punch 434 is driven to move towards the end face 102, the seal ring 435 can enter the hollow cavity of the die for test 100 from the end face 102 to the end face 101 of the hollow cavity of the die for test 100.
[0064] The seal ring 435 is configured such that as it passes the hollow cavity of the die for test 100, it can contact the inner surface of the hollow cavity in an interference fit. For example, as mentioned above, among the segments of the hollow cavity of the die for test 100, the middle segment (s) expect for the segments adjacent to the end faces 101 and 102 respectively are designed to be in an interference fit with the seal ring 435 when it is passing the middle segment (s) . As each of the segments adjacent to the end faces 101 and 102 is formed to taper towards the middle segment (s) , the seal ring 435 can be moved through the segments adjacent to the end faces 101 and 102 without resistance. Alternatively, the segment adjacent to the end face 101 can be designed such that it can be in an at least partially interference fit with the seal ring 435. For instance, when the seal ring 435 is moved through an opening of the end face 101, it can move through the opening without resistance; and as the seal ring 435 is moved further, it will be subjected to growing resistance due to the interference fit design. The resistance will cause an axial pressure exerted on the seal ring 435 and thus transmitted to the punch 434, which axial pressure is thus detectable by the pressure sensor 433. In case that a release agent has been applied onto the inner surface of the hollow cavity of the die for test 100, record data of the detected pressure by the pressure sensor 433 can be used to reflect the scouring and scratching resistance of the release agent. Therefore, when different release agents are or the same release agent at different diluted ratios is used in the system 10, tests for them or it can be accomplished correspondingly to reflect the performance of some release agents available in the market and thus to provide a basis on which a user can readily select a suitable one from them and how it can be applied during actual die-casting. In the illustrated embodiment, the frame of the pressure test subsystem 400 stands vertically, that is, the bottom plate 420 is laid on the grounding. In this case, the punch 434 can be selectively moved upwards and downwards by the platform 430. In an alternative embodiment not shown here, it is also feasible that both of the plates 410 and 420 are arranged on the grounding such that the pillars 415 are substantially parallel to the grounding. Therefore, the die for test 100 can be inserted into the receptacle 440 substantially parallel to the grounding respectively, and in this case, the platform 430 and thus the punch 434 can be selectively moved leftwards and rightwards.
[0065] Fig. 5 is a flow chart schematically illustrating a method for testing scouring and scratching resistance of a release agent according to an embodiment of the present application. It is understood that this method can be carried out by the system 10 as already explained above or its modifications. As shown, at step S10, a die for test is prepared and provided. For instance, the die for test can be the die for test 100 already explained above. Optionally, the die for test 100 can undergo suitable surface treatment such that it can have a desired surface roughness and a Rockwell hardness (HRC) on its surface or inner surface to simulate an actual die for giga-casing or automotive die-casting. In an embodiment, the surface of the die for test can have a surface roughness, which approximately ranges from N2 to N10 (for example under ISO standards) , and / or a Rockwell Hardness which is greater than 32. At step S20, the die for test 100 is heated to a prescribed temperature, for example 230℃. This step S20 can be carried out by the heating subsystem 200. For instance, the die for test 100 can be placed into the electric heating oven of the heating subsystem 200 and heated therein. During heating, the die for test 100 can be removed from the electric heating oven and the temperature detecting device can be used to detect the temperature of the already heated die for test 100. This step is used to enable the die for test 100 to simulate the actual die which might be at high temperature after several uses. At step S30, the die for test 100 already heated to the prescribed temperature can be placed in the spraying subsystem 300, for example on the bracket 331 thereof. Thereafter, a release agent can be ejected as a spray from the atomizer nozzle 332 depending on user settings, for example at a given flow rate, at a given flow pressure, for a given period of time. It is understood that the spray ejection of the release agent is under control of a computer and thus is programmable. As explained above, the spray can be applied onto the inner surface of the hollow cavity of the die for test 100 from the opening of the end face 101. At step S40, the die for test 100 already applied with the release agent can be placed into the receptacle 440 of the pressure test subsystem 400. Thereafter, the punch 434 already installed with the seal ring 435 can be driven towards the hollow cavity of the die for test 100 such that the seal ring 435 can move through the hollow cavity of the die for test 100. During the movement, the seal ring 435 will be subjected to changing resistance due to the already explained interference fit design between the seal ring 435 and the hollow cavity of the die for test 100. For instance, as the seal ring 435 moves forwards through the segment adjacent to the end face 101, the resistance will become greater from zero. This will result in a growing axial pressure exerted on the seal ring 435 and thus the punch 434 to be detected by the pressure sensor 433. Then, as the seal ring 435 moves forwards through the next segment (s) , the resistance will become maximum which thus results in the maximum axial pressure exerted on the punch 434 and detected by the pressure sensor 433. This is because the next segment (s) , as explain above, is (are) designed to be in a complete interference fit with the seal ring 435. Finally, as the seal ring 435 moves further through the segment adjacent to the end face 102, the resistance will become less until zero, which will finally result in no axial pressure detected by the pressure sensor 433. When the detected pressure becomes zero or is close to zero, one test for the release agent with respective to the die for test 100 can be deemed to be complete. A data history directly or indirectly reflecting the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 433 during the test can be recorded and analyzed by the computer. For example, in case that the data history directly reflects the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 433 during the test, the data history can include detected values of the pressure. For example again, in case that the data history indirectly reflects the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 433 during the test, the data history can include data, obtained by performing some mathematical operations on the data detected by the pressure sensor 433 during the test.
[0066] For instance, the maximum value in the data history can be used to reflect the scouring and scratching resistance of the release agent in the test. Alternatively, one can specify a certain value in the data history to reflect the scouring and scratching resistance of the release agent in the test. For example, this certain value can be a value chosen among the data history after the seal ring 435 has moved in the die for test 100 by a fixed non-zero distance or for a fixed non-zero time during the test. In an alternative embodiment, the average value or other suitable nominal value found in the data history can be used to reflect the scouring and scratching resistance of the release agent in the test. In a preferred embodiment, the data history can be a pressure data history which is detected by the pressure sensor 433 during the test. In this case, the maximum value will be the maximum pressure in the data history, and the certain value will be a certain pressure chosen among the pressure history after the seal ring 435 has moved in the die for test 100 by the certain distance or for the certain time during the test.
[0067] Some test examples are carried out by the inventor and their results are explained below. Those test examples are carried out by the method and the system explained here. In those test example, the die for test 100 is formed such that the cylindrical body thereof has a longitudinal length of about 70 mm and an outer diameter of about 40 mm; the flange 110 has an outer diameter of about 48 mm; the segment adjacent to the end face 101 tapers towards the opposing end face 102 in a coning angle of about 5 degrees, and the segment adjacent to the end face 102 tapers towards the opposing end face 101 in three angles A1, A2, and A3 which in this order are about 6 degrees, about 3 degrees, and about 2 degrees. The angle A1 occupies an axial length of about 6 mm measured from the end face 102, the angle A2 occupies an axial length of about 7 mm measured from the angle A1, and the angle A3 occupies an axial length of about 7 mm measured from the angle A2. In those test examples, the spraying subsystem 300 is configured such that when the die for test 100 is in place, the end face 101 of the die for test 100 is at a distance of 150 mm from the atomizer nozzle 322.
[0068] Fig. 6 shows a result of a test example, in which test example five dies for test 100 of the same size explained above are directly tested by the pressure test subsystem 400 without applying any release agent into the dies. The dies are marked as Die-1, Die-2, Die-3, Die-4 and Die 5 respectively in Fig. 6. For example, the maximum value (for instance, referring to the maximum pressure here) in the data history (for instance, referring to the pressure data history here) of each test example is shown in Fig. 6 as an initial state (Kg, the unit of pressure; alternatively, the unit of pressure can be expressed in Newtons) . It can be seen that five initial states fluctuate between 4.95 Kg and 5.07 Kg. Such state fluctuation is minor to prove the pressure test subsystem 400 operates stably and is caused by manufacturing errors of the dies for test.
[0069] Fig. 7 shows a result of a test example, in which test example only one die for test 100 is provided and four release agents available in the market are provided. In this test example, the four release agents are marked as CP579, CP799, Sample 1, and Sample 2. The former two are release agent products of the applicant. In this test example, after the die for test 100 is heated to 225~230℃ for example by the heating subsystem 200, the die for test 100 is placed in the spraying subsystem 300 such that a pray of each release agent is ejected out of the atomizer nozzle 322 in an amount of 2.5 ml. Then, the die for test 100 applied with the release agent is placed in the pressure test subsystem 400 to obtain a corresponding pressure data history by the pressure sensor 443 during movement of the seal ring 435 through the hollow cavity of the die for test. For example, the maximum pressure in the pressure data history can be used to reflect the scouring and scratching resistance of the release agent in the test example. In Fig. 7, four curves are shown, each curve presents a relationship between the concentration at which a respective release agent is diluted and the scouring and scratching resistance of the respective release agent. Therefore, in Fig. 7, the horizontal coordinate represents the dilution concentration, and the vertical coordinate represents the scouring and scratching resistance. The four curves as shown in Fig. 7 from top to bottom refer to the pressure data histories regarding CP579, CP799, Sample 1, and Sample 2 respectively. It can be seen from Fig. 7 that no matter at which dilution concentration differences in the scouring and scratching resistance between the four release agents can be always clearly identified. Especially, as the dilution concentration increases for each release agent, the scouring and scratching resistance thereof will correspondingly increase, which is consistent with personal experiences of an actual die-casting process. This is because the dilution concentration variation may affect a thickness of a film layer of the releasable agent applied onto the inner surface of the hollow cavity of the die for test 100.
[0070] Fig. 8 shows a result of a test example, in which test example only one release agent of CP799 is adopted. In this test example, after the die for test 100 is heated to 225~230℃for example by the heating subsystem 200, the die for test 100 is placed in the spraying subsystem 300 such that a pray of each release agent is ejected out of the atomizer nozzle 322 in an amount of 3 ml. In Fig. 8, the horizontal coordinate represents the dilution concentration, and the vertical coordinate represents the scouring and scratching resistance. By comparison between the curve of Fig. 8 and the curve of CP799 of Fig. 7, one can find that increasing the spray amount of the same release agent will improve the scouring and scratching resistance thereof. It might be because the thickness of the film layer of the releasable agent applied onto the inner surface of the hollow cavity of the die for test 100 increases due to the greater spray amount than the test example of Fig. 7. The test result of Fig. 8 shows that the method and the system according to the present application can be used to identify the difference of scouring and scratching resistance of a release agent caused by different spray amounts thereof.
[0071] Fig. 9 shows a result of a test example, in which test example the Sample 2 is used as a release agent only, Besides, the other test conditions are the same as those of the Fig. 8. The test result of Fig. 9 is substantially consistent with that of Fig. 8 in that increasing the spray amount of the same release agent will improve the scouring and scratching resistance thereof. The test result of Fig. 9 also shows that the method and the system according to the present application can be used to identify the difference of scouring and scratching resistance of a release agent caused by different spray amounts thereof.
[0072] Fig. 10 shows a result of a test example, in which test example CP579 s used as a release agent only. Moreover, in the test example, after the die for test 100 is heated by the heating subsystem 200 at different temperatures, the die for test 100 is placed in the spraying subsystem 300 such that a pray of the release agent is ejected out of the atomizer nozzle 322 in an amount of 2.5 ml. In Fig. 10, four curves are shown from top to bottom with respect to the die for 100 at four temperatures of 200℃, 230℃, 150℃, and 260℃respectively. Each curve presents a relationship between the concentration at which the release agent is diluted and the scouring and scratching resistance of the release agent in case that the release agent is applied to the die for test 100 heated at a respective temperature. It can be found from Fig. 10 that the scouring and scratching resistance of the release agent can be preferred if it can be applied to the die for test 100 at a temperature range between 200℃ and 230℃. The test result curve of 260℃ shows the worst scouring and scratching resistance of the release agent at different dilution concentrations. This might be because the applied release agent greatly decreases the temperature of the die for test 100, thus affecting formation of the film layer of the release agent on the inner surface of the die for test 100. The test result curve of 150℃ also shows the worse scouring and scratching resistance of the release agent at different dilution concentrations. This might be because the applied release agent affects solvent evaporation from the inner surface of the die for test 100, resulting in a slow flow rate on the inner surface and thus a slow film layer formation speed on the inner surface, such that the release agent cannot be evenly distributed on the inner surface of the die for test 100. Finally, this will affect the integrity and uniformity of the film layer of the release agent on the inner surface of the die for test 100, and thus the scouring and scratching resistance of the release agent. The test result of Fig. 10 shows that the method and the system according to the present application can be used to identify the difference of scouring and scratching resistance of a release agent caused by different temperatures at which the die for test 100 is heated when the release agent is applied onto it.
[0073] Fig. 11 shows a result of a test example, in which test example five dies for test 100 (i.e., Die-1, Die-2, Die-3, Die-4 and Die 5) of the same size explained above are used and CP747, CP579 and CP799 are used as release agents respectively. Here, CP747 is also a release agent product of the applicant and available in the market. They have different physical and chemical characteristics. In the test example, after the dies for test 100 are heated by the heating subsystem 200 at 225~230℃ for example by the heating subsystem 200, they are placed in the spraying subsystem 300 such that a pray of each release agent is ejected out of the atomizer nozzle 322 in an amount of 2.5 ml and at a dilution concentration of 0.65%. Three curves as shown in Fig. 11 from top to bottom refer to the pressure data histories regarding CP747, CP579, and CP799 respectively for different dies for test. The test result of Fig. 11 shows that the method and the system according to the present application can be used to identify the difference of scouring and scratching resistance of a release agent caused by different physical and chemical characteristics.
[0074] Fig. 12 shows a result of a test example, in which test example five dies for test 100 (i.e., Die-1, Die-2, Die-3, Die-4 and Die 5) of the same size explained above are used and CP799, Sample 1 and Sample 2 are used as release agents respectively. Therefore, the release agents used in this test example have different physical and chemical characteristics. Three curves as shown in Fig. 12 from top to bottom refer to the pressure data histories regarding CP799, Sample 1 and Sample 2 respectively for different dies for test. The test result of Fig. 12 shows that the method and the system according to the present application can be used to identify the difference of scouring and scratching resistance of a release agent caused by different physical and chemical characteristics.
[0075] Fig. 13 shows a result of a test example, in which test example a die for test 100 is provided and CP579 is used as a release agent. The release agent is first teste by the method and the system according to the pressure application to determine the scouring and scratching resistance of the release agent at different dilution concentrations (as shown in the third column of Table of Fig. 13) . Then, the release agent is used for an actual die-casting process for manufacturing an engine cylinder block to determine how many times (see the fourth column of Table of Fig. 13) a die for die-casting can be used to manufacture the engine cylinder block until the die is failure in operation. The test example shows that the method and the system according to the pressure application can be used to identify the scouring and scratching resistance of the release agent at different dilution concentrations. Therefore, the release agent of CP579 at a dilution concentration of 0.49%has the maximum scouring and scratching resistance and thus is recommended to be used during the die-casting process. The fourth column of Table of Fig. 13 shows the recommendation obtained through the method and the system according to the present application enables the die to be utilized to the maximum.
[0076] The description of the different arrangements or embodiments has been presented for purposes of illustration and description and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the examples in the form disclosed. Various modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Further, different advantageous examples or embodiments may describe different advantages as compared to other advantageous examples. The example or examples or the embodiment or embodiments selected are chosen and described to explain the principles of the examples or embodiments, the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the disclosure for various examples with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
[0077] Also, it is contemplated that any optional feature of the inventive variations described may be set forth and claimed independently, or in combination with any one or more of the features described herein. Likewise, reference to a singular item, includes the possibility that there are plural of the same items present. More specifically, as used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms “a, ” “and, ” “said, ” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It is further noted that the claims may be drafted to exclude any optional element. As such, this statement is intended to serve as antecedent basis for use of such exclusive terminology as “solely, ” “only” and the like in connection with the recitation of claim elements, or use of a “negative” limitation. Unless defined otherwise herein, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The breadth of the present disclosure is not to be limited by the subject specification, but rather only by the plain meaning of the claim terms employed.
Claims
1.A method for testing scouring and scratching resistance of a release agent adopted during die-casting, comprising:preparing a die for test (100) having a hollow cavity;applying a release agent on an inner surface of the hollow cavity of the die for test (100) by ejecting the release agent, as a spray, at a given distance from the die for test (100) after it has been heated to a given temperature;preparing a seal member which is slightly softer than the die for test (100) and is sized at least partially in an interference fit with the inner surface of the hollow cavity of the die for test (100) when the seal member is driven to pass the hollow cavity;detecting a pressure exerted on the seal member, when moving through the hollow cavity;recording a data history from the detection of the pressure; anddetermining the scouring and scratching resistance of the release agent based on the data history.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the data history is a pressure data history directly reflecting the detected pressure or alternatively a data history indirectly reflecting the detected pressure.3.The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein a certain value is chosen from the recorded data history as a quantitative indicator to determine the scouring and scratching resistance of the release agent.4.The method of claim 3, wherein the certain value is the maximum value or an average value among the recorded data history.5.The method of claim 3, wherein the certain value is a value chosen among the data history after the seal member has moved relative to the die for test (100) by a fixed non-zero distance or for a fixed non-zero time.6.The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the cavity of the die for test (100) has a surface having a surface roughness of N2 to N10 and a Rockwell Hardness greater than 32.7.The method of claim 6, wherein the die for test (100) has a hollow cylindrical body in which the cavity is formed, the cylindrical body has an end face from which the seal member is inserted through the hollow cavity, the hollow cavity has a first segment adjacent to the end face, and the first segment is configured to taper from the end face towards the other opposing end of the cylindrical body of the die for test (100) .8.The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the hollow cavity of the die for test (100) is formed such that as the seal member moves through the hollow cavity, the pressure exerted onto the seal member becomes greater from zero.9.The method of claim 8, wherein the hollow cavity of the die for test (100) has a second segment adjacent to the other opposing end face of the cylindrical body of the die for test (100) , and the second segment is configured to taper from the other opposing end face towards the first segment.10.The method of claim 9, wherein the hollow cavity of the die for test (100) comprises at least one additional segment axially disposed between the first and second segments.11.The method of claim 9, wherein the hollow cavity of the die for test (100) is formed such that as the seal member moves through the hollow cavity, the pressure exerted onto the seal member becomes greater from zero, after it arrives at the maximum, the pressure becomes less until zero.12.The method of any one of claims 1 to11, wherein the seal member is embodied as a seal ring (435) having an outer surface to contact the inner surface of the hollow cavity of the die for test (100) .13.A system for testing scouring and scratching resistance of a release agent adopted during die-casting, comprising:a die for test (100) having a hollow cavity;a heating subsystem (200) configured for heating to the die for test (100) to a given temperature;a spraying subsystem (300) configured for applying a release agent on an inner surface of the hollow cavity of the die for test (100) by ejecting the release agent, as a spray, at a given distance from the die for test (100) after being heated by the heating subsystem (200) ; anda pressure test subsystem (400) by which a seal member can be driven to pass the hollow cavity and a pressure exerted on the seal member when moving through the hollow cavity is detected such that a data history can be recorded from the detection, wherein the seal member which is slightly softer than the die for test (100) and is sized at least partially in an interference fit with the inner surface of the hollow cavity of the die for test (100) , and wherein the scouring and scratching resistance of the release agent is determined based on the recorded data history.14.The system of claim 1, wherein the data history is a pressure data history directly reflecting the detected pressure or alternatively a data history indirectly reflecting the detected pressure.15.The system of claim 14, wherein a certain value is chosen from the recorded data history as a quantitative indicator to determine the scouring and scratching resistance of the release agent.16.The system of claim 15, wherein the certain value is the maximum value or an average value among the recorded data history.17.The system of claim 15, wherein the certain value is a value chosen among the data history after the seal member has moved relative to the die for test (100) by a fixed non-zero distance or for a fixed non-zero time.18.The system of any one of claims 13 to 17, wherein the cavity of the die for test (100) has a surface having a surface roughness of N2 to N10 and a Rockwell Hardness greater than 32.19.The system of claim 18, wherein the hollow cavity of the die for test (100) is formed such that as the seal member moves through the hollow cavity, the pressure exerted onto the seal member can be transmitted to the punch (434) , the pressure test subsystem (400) further comprises a pressure sensor (435) configured for recording the pressure.20.The system of claim 19, wherein the pressure test subsystem (400) comprises a frame in which a punch (434) and a receptacle (440) are installed, the receptacle (440) is configured to receive the die for test (100) , the punch (434) is configured to receive the seal member and to be coaxial with the hollow cavity of the die for test (100) , the punch (434) is selectively driven to move towards the hollow cavity of the die for test (100) such that the seal member is movable through the hollow cavity.21.The system of claim 20, wherein the die for test (100) has a hollow cylindrical body in which the cavity is formed, the cylindrical body has an end face from which the seal member is inserted through the hollow cavity, the hollow cavity has a first segment adjacent to the end face, and the first segment is configured to taper from the end face towards the other opposing end of the cylindrical body of the die for test (100) .22.The system of claim 21, wherein the hollow cavity of the die for test (100) is formed such that as the seal member moves through the hollow cavity, the pressure exerted onto the seal member becomes greater from zero.23.The system of claim 22, wherein the hollow cavity of the die for test (100) has a second segment adjacent to the other opposing end face of the cylindrical body of the die for test (100) , and the second segment is configured to taper from the other opposing end face towards the first segment.24.The system of claim 23, wherein the hollow cavity of the die for test (100) comprises at least one additional segment axially disposed between the first and second segments.25.The system of claim 24, wherein the hollow cavity of the die for test (100) is formed such that as the seal member moves through the hollow cavity, the pressure exerted onto the seal member becomes greater from zero, after it arrives at the maximum, the pressure becomes less until zero.26.The system of claim 25, wherein the seal member is embodied as a seal ring (435) which can be sleeved on one end of the punch (434) and has an outer surface to contact the inner surface of the hollow cavity of the die for test (100) .27.The system of claim 26, wherein the frame is arranged vertically such that the punch (434) is selectively movable upwards or downwards; or alternatively the frame is arranged horizontally such that the punch (434) is selectively movable leftwards or rightwards.