Power supply system of server

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of computers, and discloses a power supply system of a server. A plurality of power supply sources connected in parallel are deployed in the power supply system of the server. When the server has a power supply requirement, a target power supply source among the plurality of power supply sources adjusts, on the basis of electric energy parameters outputted by the plurality of power supply sources and a power supply parameter of the power supply system for indicating a difference in electric energy allowed to be outputted by the power supply sources in the power supply system, an electric energy parameter outputted by the target power supply source to a reference electric energy parameter, thereby achieving the balance of the electric energy outputted by the plurality of power supply sources in the power supply system. The technical problem of low power supply control efficiency of power supply sources in the related art is solved, and the technical effect of improving the power supply control efficiency of power supply sources is achieved.

Description

Server power supply system

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202510227356.7, filed on February 27, 2025, entitled "Power Supply System for a Server", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This application relates to the field of computer technology, and more particularly to a power supply system for a server. Background Technology

[0004] With the rapid development of internet technology and the deepening of digital transformation, data volume has exploded, leading to a sharp increase in demand for servers. Currently, servers operate in different states due to varying workloads, resulting in different power requirements. To better ensure power supply during server operation, related technologies deploy power supply systems consisting of multiple parallel power sources, distributing the required power evenly across these sources. However, during the power supply process, impedance differences between the parallel power sources and their connection points with the server cause significant differences in power output, damaging the power sources and severely impacting their lifespan. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a power supply system for a server to at least solve the problem of low power supply control efficiency in related technologies.

[0006] This application provides a power supply system for a server, including: multiple power supplies connected in parallel, and the power supply system is configured to connect to the server;

[0007] Multiple power supplies are configured to supply power to the target server according to the power requirements of the connected target server, wherein the power requirements are used to indicate the amount of power required by the server.

[0008] A target power supply among multiple power supplies is configured to adjust the output power parameters of the target power supply to reference power parameters based on the power parameters output by the power supply and the power supply parameters of the power supply system. The power supply parameters are used to indicate the differences between the power output power parameters allowed by the power supply system.

[0009] This application deploys multiple parallel-connected power supplies in the server's power supply system. When the server has a power demand, the target power supply adjusts its output parameters to reference parameters based on the power parameters of the target power supply and the power supply system's parameters. This adjusts the power parameters according to the difference between the power supply's output parameters and the power supply system's allowed output, ensuring balanced power output among the power supplies after adjustment and avoiding large differences in power output between power supplies during the adjustment process. Therefore, this solves the technical problem of low power supply control efficiency in related technologies, achieving the technical effect of improving power supply control efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0010] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0011] Figure 1 is a hardware connection diagram of a server power supply system according to an embodiment of this application;

[0012] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a parameter converter for a server power supply system according to an embodiment of this application;

[0013] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a filtering circuit for a server power supply system according to an embodiment of this application;

[0014] Figure 4 is a circuit connection diagram of a current filter for a server power supply system according to an embodiment of this application;

[0015] Figure 5 is a circuit connection diagram of the first converter of a server power supply system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0016] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a filtering circuit for a server power supply system according to an embodiment of this application;

[0017] Figure 7 is a circuit connection diagram of a voltage filter for a server power supply system according to an embodiment of this application;

[0018] Figure 8 is a circuit connection diagram of the second converter of a server power supply system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0019] Figure 9 is a power redundancy architecture diagram of a server power dynamic current sharing mechanism according to an embodiment of this application;

[0020] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of dynamic flow sharing according to an embodiment of this application;

[0021] Figure 11 is a block diagram of a switching power supply power stage architecture according to an embodiment of this application;

[0022] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of a digital power supply according to an embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 13 is a block diagram of a digital power supply architecture according to an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 14 is a dynamic adjustment logic diagram according to an embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 15 is a logic diagram for dynamic adjustment of output voltage according to an embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 16 is a logic diagram for dynamic adjustment of output current according to an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of a dynamically adjusted flow rate according to an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of a feedback adjustment circuit according to an embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of a waveform effect according to an embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 20 is a power supply parallel current resonant waveform diagram according to an embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 21 is a diagram of a current dynamic vibration reduction architecture according to an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 22 is a logic diagram of a current dynamic current sharing and vibration reduction function according to an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of two detection paths for a vibration damping module circuit according to an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 24 is a circuit diagram of a vibration damping module circuit according to an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of the level change of a vibration damping module circuit according to an embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 26 is a circuit diagram of a vibration damping module circuit output current detection path comparator according to an embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 27 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a current detection path comparator according to an embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 28 is a circuit diagram of a vibration damping module circuit output voltage detection path comparator according to an embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 29 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a voltage detection path comparator according to an embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 30 is a waveform diagram of a vibration damping module according to an embodiment of this application;

[0041] Figure 31 is a waveform diagram of a power supply parallel dynamic current resonance phenomenon according to an embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 32 is a waveform diagram of improved resonance phenomenon according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this application.

[0044] It should be noted that, in the description of this application, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. The terms "first," "second," etc., in this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence.

[0045] The technical terms used in the embodiments of this application are explained below:

[0046] Server PSU (Server Power Supply Unit): Server power supply, or simply server power supply.

[0047] CPU (Central Processing Unit): The central processing unit.

[0048] GPU (Graphics Processing Unit): Graphics processor.

[0049] MCU (Microcontroller Unit): Microprocessor.

[0050] EDPp (Electric Design Peak Power): Electric Design Peak Power.

[0051] Power Redundancy: Power redundancy.

[0052] Current sharing refers to the process of controlling the current output of the power supply to flow evenly through each resistor or load device when multiple resistors or load devices are connected in parallel in a circuit.

[0053] Pulse-width modulation (PWM) is a technique that converts analog signals into pulses. Generally, the period of the converted pulse is fixed, but the working period of the pulse will change depending on the magnitude of the analog signal.

[0054] Duty ratio (Duty Cycle): This is a concept in multiple fields such as radio frequency, microwave circuits, low-frequency AC and DC current, which represents the ratio of working time to total time within one cycle.

[0055] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0056] An embodiment of this application provides a server power supply system. Figure 1 is a hardware connection diagram of a server power supply system according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 1, the system includes: multiple power supplies connected in parallel, and the power supply system is configured to connect to the server.

[0057] Multiple power supplies are configured to supply power to the target server according to the power requirements of the connected target server, wherein the power requirements are used to indicate the amount of power required by the server.

[0058] A target power supply among multiple power supplies is configured to adjust the output power parameters of the target power supply to reference power parameters based on the power parameters output by the power supply and the power supply parameters of the power supply system. The power supply parameters are used to indicate the differences between the power output power parameters allowed by the power supply system.

[0059] This application deploys multiple parallel-connected power supplies in the server's power supply system. When the server has a power demand, the target power supply adjusts its output parameters to reference parameters based on the power parameters of the target power supply and the power supply system's parameters. This adjusts the power parameters according to the difference between the power supply's output parameters and the power supply system's allowed output, ensuring balanced power output among the power supplies after adjustment and avoiding large differences in power output between power supplies during the adjustment process. Therefore, this solves the technical problem of low power supply control efficiency in related technologies, achieving the technical effect of improving power supply control efficiency.

[0060] Optionally, in this embodiment of the application, the electrical energy parameters output by the power supply are parameters used to indicate the electrical energy output status of the power supply. The electrical energy parameters may include, but are not limited to, the voltage value, current value, and power value output by the power supply.

[0061] Optionally, in this embodiment, the power supply parameters of the power supply system are parameters used to characterize the differences between the current or voltage output by the power supply in a single operation. These parameters may include, but are not limited to, the load current averaging rate or the voltage regulation rate of the power supply. The load current averaging rate defines the degree of deviation between the actual output current and the theoretical average current of each power supply during the power supply process in parallel operation; the voltage regulation rate reflects the responsiveness of the actual output voltage of the power supply to changes in load current, as well as its adaptability to input voltage fluctuations.

[0062] Optionally, in this embodiment, multiple power supplies are connected in parallel. Therefore, multiple power supplies can share power parameters through the connection relationship between them. In addition to obtaining its own power parameters, the target power supply can also obtain the power parameters output by other power supplies. As shown in Figure 1, multiple power supplies achieve the power load sharing function by connecting all load sharing bus pins together. Thus, any power supply in the power supply system can obtain the current or voltage value currently actually output by each power supply in real time.

[0063] Optionally, in this embodiment, when multiple power supplies are connected in parallel to power the same load (such as the CPU, GPU, or other components inside a server), the ideal power distribution should be that all power supplies share the power equally, such as the equal sharing of current. This state is called "current balancing" or "current sharing." Power balancing can prevent failures caused by overload of a single power supply and ensure the stability and redundancy of the power supply system. However, in practical applications, due to individual differences between power supplies (such as impedance differences at the connection point between the power supply and the server), the current output of each power supply may be significantly uneven, potentially shortening the lifespan of the power supplies and thus affecting the stable operation of the entire server. This application aims to use each power supply in the power supply system as its own master controller. By collecting the real-time output current or voltage values ​​of multiple power supplies in the power supply system, as well as the power supply system's own power supply parameters, such as the load current average rate or voltage regulation rate of the power supply, the current value output by each power supply is adjusted to be close to the average current value output by the entire power supply system, or the voltage value output by each power supply is adjusted to be close to the preset voltage value output by the entire power supply system, thereby achieving an average distribution of electrical energy among all power supplies.

[0064] Optionally, in this embodiment, the process by which the target power supply adjusts its own power parameters to reference power parameters is a multi-round iterative adjustment process based on the power parameters output by multiple power supplies and the power supply parameters of the power supply system itself, with precise control. The iterative adjustment process can be achieved through the following steps:

[0065] S1: The target power supply obtains the current real-time output power parameters of each power supply in the power supply system through the load sharing bus. The power parameters may include, but are not limited to, the current value or voltage value output by the power supply. The target power supply calculates the first output power of all power supplies in the power supply system in the first adjustment round. The first output power is used to indicate the average output current value or preset output voltage value of all power supplies in the power supply system in the first adjustment round.

[0066] S2: The target power supply obtains the current power supply parameters of the power supply system. The power supply parameters may include, but are not limited to, the load current averaging rate or voltage regulation rate of the power supply.

[0067] S3: The target power supply calculates the first power adjustment amount corresponding to the first adjustment round based on the first output power of all power supplies in the power supply system and the power supply parameters of the power supply system, and adjusts the first power parameter currently output by the target power supply to the second power parameter according to the first power adjustment amount.

[0068] S41: If the difference between the second electrical energy parameter and the first output electrical energy is less than the target difference threshold, the adjustment process ends.

[0069] S42: If the difference between the second electrical energy parameter and the first output electrical energy is greater than or equal to the target difference threshold, the second adjustment cycle is activated, and steps S1-S4 are repeated.

[0070] Through the above multi-round iterative adjustment process, each power supply in the power supply system acts as the master control device for adjusting its own power parameters. By iteratively adjusting its own power parameters based on the output power parameters of all power supplies and the power supply parameters of the entire power supply system, it achieves multi-round dynamic adjustment of the power parameters of the entire power supply system. In each adjustment round, the target power supply can determine the power parameter adjustment amount for the current round based on the actual output power and power supply parameters of the power supplies in the system (i.e., the power adjustment amount is determined based on the current output state, and the adjustment amount changes dynamically in different rounds). It dynamically adjusts the output power parameters to the reference power parameters, effectively achieving balanced current distribution in a multi-power supply parallel system. This process ensures that even under dynamic load changes (such as GPU overclocking), the output power of each power supply can quickly converge to the current average output power of the power supply system, thereby significantly reducing the problem of uneven power output among power supplies and improving the stability and power supply efficiency of the entire power supply system.

[0071] Optionally, in this embodiment, when there is a large difference in the output power between the power supply sources in the power supply system, it may cause some power supply sources in the power supply system to actually output more power than their rated output power, thereby damaging the power supply components and affecting the service life of the power supply. When there are large changes in the power supply demand of the server, the power differences between the power supply sources are large. Therefore, the target power supply can perform the following operations: detect the change in the power output of the target power supply in response to the power demand; if the change in power output is greater than or equal to the target change, obtain the power parameters output by each of the multiple power supply sources; adjust the power parameters output by the target power supply to reference power parameters based on the power parameters output by the power supply sources and the power supply parameters of the power supply system, wherein the power supply parameters are used to indicate the differences between the power outputs allowed by the power supply system. In this embodiment, the target change amount can be a fixed value set based on experience; or the target change amount can be determined based on the power supply parameters of the power supply system and the current output power parameters of the power supply. The operation is as follows: The power output parameters of the power supply system are converted from the second power parameters output by multiple power supply sources at the current time. The power output parameters indicate the power output required by any power supply source in the power supply system after responding to power demand. The target change amount is determined based on the power output parameters and the power supply parameters. When the second power parameter is a voltage value, the product between the second voltage value and the voltage regulation rate is calculated to obtain the voltage regulation amount. The power output parameters include the second voltage value, the power supply parameters include the voltage regulation rate, and the power regulation amount includes the voltage regulation amount. When the second power parameter is a current value, the product between the second current value and the current averaging rate is calculated to obtain the current regulation amount. The power output parameters include the second current value, the power supply parameters include the current averaging rate, and the power regulation amount includes the current regulation amount.

[0072] As an optional embodiment, the target power supply includes: a processor and a controller, the processor and the controller being connected;

[0073] The processor is configured to convert the target power supply's power regulation amount into the power regulation amount of the target power supply for the controller based on the target power parameters and power supply parameters currently output by multiple power supplies, until the power parameters output by the target power supply are adjusted to the reference power parameters. The power regulation amount is used to indicate the power difference before and after the target power supply adjusts its output power.

[0074] The controller is configured to regulate the electrical energy output of the target power supply according to the power regulation amount.

[0075] Optionally, in this embodiment, the processor is configured to acquire target power parameters output by multiple power supplies in the power supply system, such as the output current Io or output voltage Vo of the power supply; and acquire power supply parameters of the power supply system, such as the load current averaging rate η (%) or voltage regulation rate ε (%) of the power supply; and convert the power supply regulation amount of the target power supply for the controller according to the target power parameters and the power supply parameters, wherein the power regulation amount may include, but is not limited to, current regulation amount or voltage regulation amount.

[0076] Optionally, in this embodiment, the load current averaging rate η is defined as follows:

[0077] Where Io is the output current of the power supply;

[0078] Iave is the average output current of the power supply.

[0079] ΔIo_DYNC is the output difference of the power supply (i.e., the current regulation amount converted from the average output current of the power supply and the average load current), ΔIo_DYNC=Iave*η(%).

[0080] Optionally, in this embodiment, the power supply voltage regulation ε is defined as follows:

[0081] Where Vo is the output voltage of the power supply;

[0082] Vmean is the midpoint of the output voltage of the power supply. For example, in a 12V power supply system, Vmean can be preset to 12V, which means that the power supply should maintain a voltage level of 12V under normal operating conditions.

[0083] ΔVo_DYNC is the output dynamic difference of the power supply (i.e., the voltage regulation amount converted from the median output voltage of the power supply and the power supply voltage regulation rate), ΔVo DYNC=|Vo-Vmean|*8(%) 。

[0084] Optionally, in this embodiment, the process by which the processor converts the target power supply's power regulation amount for the controller based on the target power parameters and the power supply parameters, until the power parameters output by the target power supply are adjusted to the reference power parameters, is a multi-round iterative dynamic adjustment process.

[0085] S1: In the first adjustment round, the processor obtains the output current Io or output voltage Vo of all power supplies in the power supply system through the load sharing bus, calculates the average output current Iave or the median output voltage Vmean of the power supply, and calculates the required first power regulation amount according to the load current averaging rate η or voltage regulation rate ε required by the system.

[0086] S2: The controller adjusts the current output power parameters of the target power supply according to the first power adjustment amount, so that the output current and voltage after adjustment are closer to Iave and Vmean.

[0087] S3: After several iterations, the difference between the current and voltage output by the target power supply and Iave and Vmean drops below the target difference threshold. The output current and voltage of each power supply in the system tend to stabilize, achieving current sharing and voltage stability under dynamic conditions.

[0088] Based on the above, the target power supply can quickly respond to load changes in the power supply system and dynamically adjust its own output power parameters, so that the output current and voltage of each power supply in the system tend to be balanced, significantly improving the current balance and voltage stability of the power supply system.

[0089] As an optional embodiment, the controller includes: a filter circuit and a power supply circuit, the power supply circuit being connected to the processor and also connected to the filter circuit;

[0090] The power supply circuit is configured to operate according to the target operating parameters indicated by the power regulation amount, and output the first electrical energy;

[0091] The filter circuit is configured to detect the disturbance parameters carried in the first electrical energy and generate calibration parameters for the operating parameters of the power supply circuit based on the disturbance parameters. The disturbance parameters are used to indicate the interference of the power supply status of the other power supply power supplies (excluding the target power supply power supply) on the power supply status of the target power supply power supply.

[0092] The power supply circuit is also configured to adjust the target operating parameters using calibration parameters to obtain reference operating parameters, and to operate according to the reference operating parameters, outputting a second electrical energy.

[0093] Optionally, in this embodiment, the power supply circuit is configured to receive target operating parameters, such as a target voltage value or a target current value, indicated by the power regulation amount calculated by the processor, and operate according to these parameters to output the first electrical energy. During dynamic adjustment, the power supply circuit continuously adjusts its operating parameters according to the processor's instructions to output electrical energy that meets the requirements of the power supply system.

[0094] Optionally, in this embodiment, due to the parallel connection between multiple power supplies, a parallel resonance phenomenon may occur during operation. Parallel resonance mainly occurs when the characteristics of the inductor and capacitor components of the system interact. When the operating frequency of the circuit approaches its resonant frequency, it can cause a sharp decrease or increase in circuit impedance. This phenomenon may cause large current or voltage fluctuations, threatening the stability and safety of the system. When the power supply circuit operates according to the target operating parameters indicated by the power regulation amount, the output power of the power supply circuit changes, and the resonance factor causes the power output of the power supply circuit to fluctuate. This fluctuation has a certain convergence period. After the convergence period ends, the output power is stable. In order to reduce the fluctuation convergence period, this application designs a filter circuit. By monitoring and analyzing the disturbance parameters carried in the first power output of the power supply circuit, the disturbance parameters indicate the interference of the power supply status of power supplies other than the target power supply in the power supply system on the output power of the target power supply. This interference may include, but is not limited to, electromagnetic interference (EMI) or resonant noise. By detecting disturbance parameters, the filter circuit can identify unstable factors in the power supply parallel system and generate corresponding calibration parameters. The calibration parameters can include minor adjustments to the output voltage or current of the power supply circuit, as well as vibration reduction control strategies for resonance and EMI, such as adjusting the duty cycle of the power converter or optimizing the voltage feedback loop, thereby compressing the jitter convergence period of the power supply circuit when regulating the output power.

[0095] Optionally, in this embodiment, the power supply circuit is further configured to fine-tune its operating parameters based on the calibration parameters generated by the filter circuit to obtain more accurate reference operating parameters, ensuring that the output second electrical energy is more stable and balanced, and ultimately achieving rapid convergence of the output electrical energy parameters to the ideal state required by the system.

[0096] Through the above, the collaboration between the filter circuit and the power supply circuit can ensure the efficient and stable operation of the target power supply under dynamic conditions. In particular, the filter circuit can detect and analyze the disturbance parameters in the power output in real time, generate calibration parameters to optimize the working state of the power supply circuit, reduce interference in the parallel system, thereby accelerating the convergence speed of the system's dynamic adjustment and ensuring that the power supply can maintain a stable and efficient power output even under high dynamic load conditions.

[0097] As an optional embodiment, the power supply circuit includes: a parameter converter and a switching power supply, wherein the parameter converter is connected to the processor and the switching power supply, respectively;

[0098] The parameter converter is configured to convert the initial pulse width signal corresponding to the power regulation amount, wherein the target operating parameters include the initial pulse width signal;

[0099] A switching power supply is configured to respond to an initial pulse width signal, discharge according to the discharge state indicated by the initial pulse width signal, and output the first electrical energy.

[0100] Optionally, in this embodiment, the parameter converter is configured to convert the power regulation amount calculated by the processor into an initial pulse width signal that the switching power supply can understand and execute. The initial pulse width signal is a control signal used to instruct the switching power supply how to adjust the on-time in its switching cycle, i.e., the "on" duration of the switching element. The pulse width of the signal is proportional to the power regulation amount. By adjusting the pulse width, fine control of the power supply output voltage and current can be achieved to meet the needs of dynamic load changes.

[0101] Optionally, in this embodiment, the switching power supply is configured to control the on / off cycle of internal switching elements (such as MOSFETs) in response to an initial pulse width signal, thereby adjusting the power supply's output state. When the switching power supply receives the initial pulse width signal output by the parameter converter, it adjusts the on-time of the internal switching elements according to the pulse width of the signal. This adjustment is dynamic and can quickly respond to fluctuations in system load, ensuring that the initial power output of the power supply meets the set target operating parameters.

[0102] As an optional embodiment, the parameter converter is also connected to a filter circuit;

[0103] The parameter converter is also configured to adjust the initial pulse width signal using calibration parameters received from the output of the filter circuit to obtain a reference pulse width signal;

[0104] The switching power supply is also configured to respond to a reference pulse width signal and discharge according to the discharge state indicated by the reference pulse width signal, thereby outputting a second electrical energy.

[0105] Optionally, in this embodiment, the parameter converter not only receives the power regulation amount from the processor, but also interacts with the filter circuit to receive calibration parameters from the filter circuit. The parameter converter adjusts the initial pulse width signal according to the calibration parameters to ensure that the power output is not negatively affected by changes in the power supply status of other power sources. The reference pulse width signal after secondary adjustment contains the power regulation amount and disturbance compensation information to compensate for the voltage or current deviation detected by the filter circuit, providing more accurate power output control commands for the switching power supply.

[0106] Optionally, in this embodiment, the switching power supply is configured to respond to a reference pulse width signal and further adjust the on-time of its internal switching elements to output a second electrical energy. The second electrical energy refers to the power output after correction by the filter circuit and adjustment by the parameter converter. It not only responds to real-time load changes but also compensates for voltage and current deviations detected by the filter circuit, thereby achieving a more stable and optimized power supply and improving the performance and reliability of the entire power supply system.

[0107] As an optional embodiment, the parameter converter includes: a sawtooth wave generator, a first amplifier, a signal comparator, and a first reference power supply. The first input terminal of the signal comparator is connected to the first reference power supply, the second input terminal of the signal comparator is connected to the signal output terminal of a filter circuit, the signal output terminal of the first amplifier is connected to the first input terminal of the signal comparator, the second input terminal of the signal comparator is connected to the sawtooth wave generator, and the output terminal of the signal comparator is connected to a switching power supply.

[0108] The first amplifier is configured to generate a calibration signal based on the reference voltage output from the first reference power supply and the calibration parameters output from the filter circuit.

[0109] The sawtooth wave generator is configured to generate a sawtooth wave signal corresponding to the power regulation amount;

[0110] The signal comparator is configured to output a pulse width signal based on the calibration signal and the sawtooth wave signal.

[0111] Optionally, in an embodiment of this application, FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a parameter converter of a server power supply system according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in FIG2, the parameter converter includes a sawtooth wave generator, a first amplifier (i.e., the error amplifier in FIG2), a signal comparator (i.e., the PWM comparator in FIG2) and a first reference power supply. The first input terminal of the signal comparator is connected to the first reference power supply, the second input terminal of the signal comparator is connected to the signal output terminal of the filter circuit, the signal output terminal of the first amplifier is connected to the first input terminal of the signal comparator, the second input terminal of the signal comparator is connected to the sawtooth wave generator, and the output terminal of the signal comparator is connected to the switching power supply.

[0112] Optionally, in this embodiment, the first amplifier is connected to a first reference power supply and a filter circuit, and is configured to generate a calibration signal to ensure precise control of the power supply output. The first amplifier receives calibration parameters output from the filter circuit and a reference voltage output from the first reference power supply, and generates the calibration signal by amplification and adjustment.

[0113] Optionally, in this embodiment, the sawtooth wave generator is configured to receive the power regulation amount generated by the processor and convert the power regulation amount into a corresponding sawtooth wave signal.

[0114] Optionally, in this embodiment, the signal comparator is configured to receive a calibration signal from a first amplifier and a sawtooth wave signal from a sawtooth wave generator. It compares these two input signals; when the voltage of the calibration signal exceeds the voltage of the sawtooth wave signal, the signal comparator outputs a high level, and vice versa. This comparison result determines the pulse width of the PWM signal, further guiding the switching cycle of the switching power supply, i.e., its on and off times, to achieve the desired power output.

[0115] Through the above, the parameter converter, via the coordinated operation of the sawtooth wave generator, the first amplifier, and the signal comparator, achieves precise dynamic control of the power supply output. It not only responds to the processor's power regulation but also, through interaction with the filter circuit, compensates for disturbances in the parallel power supply system, ensuring the stability and current sharing of the power supply output, and improving the efficiency and reliability of the entire system.

[0116] As an optional embodiment, the filtering circuit includes: a current filter and a first converter, wherein the output terminal of the current filter is connected to the input terminal of the first converter, the current input terminal of the current filter is connected to the current output terminal of the power supply circuit, and the output terminal of the first converter is connected to the power supply circuit.

[0117] A current filter is configured to detect the resonant noise value of other power supplies based on the target current output by the power supply circuit, wherein the first electrical energy includes the target current and the disturbance parameter includes the resonant noise value.

[0118] The first converter is configured to generate calibration parameters corresponding to the resonant noise value.

[0119] Optionally, in an embodiment of this application, Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a filtering circuit for a server power supply system according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 3, the filtering circuit includes a current filter and a first converter. The output terminal of the current filter is connected to the input terminal of the first converter. The current input terminal of the current filter is connected to the current output terminal of the power supply circuit. The output terminal of the first converter is connected to the power supply circuit.

[0120] Optionally, in the embodiments of this application, when the power supply circuit supplies power to the load, especially in the scenario where multiple power supplies are connected in parallel, resonance noise may occur in the power supply system caused by the parallel connection of power supplies or the dynamic changes of the load. The current filter is configured to filter out high-frequency noise components from the target current signal and extract the noise value related to resonance.

[0121] Optionally, in this embodiment, the first converter is configured to receive the resonant noise value from the current filter and convert the value into calibration parameters. The first converter may be, but is not limited to, a digital signal processor, a microcontroller, or other type of signal processing unit. It can convert the analog noise value into a digital signal and then generate calibration parameters through algorithm processing. The calibration parameters are used to indicate how to adjust the power supply output to counteract the effect of the resonant noise. The calibration parameters may include, but are not limited to, information on adjusting the duty cycle, frequency, or other control parameters of the PWM signal to achieve precise adjustment of the power supply output and reduce or eliminate the resonant noise.

[0122] Through the above, effective detection and compensation of resonant noise in parallel power supply systems are achieved. The filter circuit can detect resonant noise in real time and guide the dynamic adjustment of power output by generating calibration parameters, thereby ensuring that the power supply system achieves more accurate and stable current output and maintains the best performance of the power supply system and server under dynamic load conditions.

[0123] As an optional embodiment, the current filter includes: a first comparator, wherein the negative input terminal of the first comparator is connected to the output terminal of the first comparator, the positive input terminal of the first comparator is connected to the current output terminal of the power supply circuit, and the output terminal of the first comparator is connected to the input terminal of the first converter.

[0124] Optionally, in this embodiment, Figure 4 is a circuit connection diagram of a current filter for a server power supply system according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 4, the current filter includes a first comparator, wherein the connection between the negative input terminal and the output terminal of the first comparator forms a feedback loop, and the positive input terminal of the first comparator is connected to the current output terminal of the power supply circuit, so that the first comparator can adjust its output according to the difference between its output and the positive input terminal (i.e., the current output of the power supply circuit), thereby realizing dynamic current signal processing. The output terminal of the first comparator is connected to the input terminal of the first converter. When the first comparator detects noise or fluctuations in the current signal, it outputs a signal indicating the resonant noise value to the first converter. The first converter generates a calibration parameter corresponding to the resonant noise value according to the output signal of the first comparator, thereby guiding the parameter converter to adjust the PWM signal to ensure that the power supply output current is stable and meets the system requirements.

[0125] As described above, the current filter uses a first comparator to monitor and process the current output of the power supply circuit in real time, stabilizing the current signal through a feedback mechanism and reducing the impact of noise and fluctuations. The connection between the first comparator and the first converter allows detected current anomalies to be quickly converted into calibration parameters, guiding the optimized adjustment of the power supply output.

[0126] As an optional embodiment, the first converter includes: a second comparator, a first resistor, a second resistor, and a second reference power supply, wherein a first terminal of the first resistor is connected to the output terminal of a current filter, a second terminal of the first resistor is connected to the positive input terminal of the second comparator, the second reference power supply is connected to the first terminal of the second resistor, a second terminal of the second resistor is connected to the negative input terminal of the second comparator, and the output terminal of the second comparator is connected to a power supply circuit.

[0127] Optionally, in an embodiment of this application, FIG5 is a circuit connection diagram of a first converter of a server power supply system according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in FIG5, the first converter includes a second comparator, a first resistor (corresponding to R16 in FIG5), a second resistor (corresponding to R16 in FIG5), and a second reference power supply. The first end of R16 is connected to the output end of the current filter, and the second end is connected to the positive input end of the second comparator. The second reference power supply is connected to the first end of R15, the second end of R15 is connected to the negative input end of the second comparator, and the output end of the second comparator is connected to the power supply circuit.

[0128] Optionally, in this embodiment, when the positive input terminal of the second comparator receives the signal output by the current filter, it compares it with the second reference power supply value received at the negative input terminal. If the current signal deviates from the reference level set by the second reference power supply, the second comparator will generate a calibration parameter corresponding to the resonant noise value. This calibration parameter contains information on how to adjust the power supply circuit to counteract current fluctuations or noise.

[0129] Optionally, in this embodiment, the output of the second comparator is directly connected to the power supply circuit. When the second comparator detects the difference between the current signal and the reference power supply value and generates a calibration parameter signal, the power supply circuit will adjust the duty cycle, frequency and other parameters of its PWM signal according to the calibration parameter signal to achieve precise control of the current output, ensuring that the current is stable and meets the system requirements.

[0130] Based on the above, the first converter, through the combination of the second comparator, the first resistor, the second resistor, and the second reference power supply, converts the current fluctuations detected by the current filter into calibration parameters, guiding the power supply circuit to make precise dynamic adjustments. This design can effectively handle current fluctuations and noise in the server power supply system, and improve the stability and current sharing of the power output.

[0131] As an optional embodiment, the filtering circuit includes: a voltage filter and a second converter, the output terminal of the voltage filter being connected to the input terminal of the second converter, the voltage input terminal of the voltage filter being connected to the voltage output terminal of the power supply circuit, and the output terminal of the second converter being connected to the power supply circuit; the voltage filter is configured to detect the resonant noise value of other power supplies based on the target voltage output by the power supply circuit, the first electrical energy including the target voltage, and the disturbance parameter including the resonant noise value; the second converter is configured to generate calibration parameters corresponding to the resonant noise.

[0132] Optionally, in an embodiment of this application, Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a filtering circuit of a server power supply system according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 6, the filtering circuit includes a voltage filter and a second converter. The output terminal of the voltage filter is connected to the input terminal of the second converter. The voltage input terminal of the voltage filter is connected to the voltage output terminal of the power supply circuit. The output terminal of the second converter is connected to the power supply circuit.

[0133] Optionally, in this embodiment, in a server power supply system, especially when multiple power supplies are operating in parallel, the output voltage of the power supply circuit may be disturbed due to differences in the electrical characteristics between the power supplies or instantaneous changes in dynamic loads (such as GPU / CPU overclocking), resulting in voltage fluctuations or resonance. A voltage filter is configured to monitor and quantify the resonant noise present in the target voltage output by the power supply circuit.

[0134] Optionally, in this embodiment, the second converter receives the generated resonant noise value from the voltage filter and converts it into a calibration parameter corresponding to the resonant noise to guide the adjustment of the power supply circuit, so as to reduce or eliminate the influence of the resonant noise.

[0135] Based on the above, by using a voltage filter to monitor the resonant noise in the output voltage of the power supply circuit in real time, and then using a second converter to convert the resonant noise value into the corresponding calibration parameters, the power supply circuit can be optimized and adjusted. This can effectively reduce voltage fluctuations and resonant noise in the output voltage, and improve the overall efficiency and reliability of the power supply system.

[0136] As an optional embodiment, the voltage filter includes: a third comparator, a third resistor, and a fourth resistor. The positive input terminal of the third comparator is connected to the voltage output terminal of the power supply circuit. The first terminal of the third resistor is connected to the negative input terminal of the third comparator, and the second terminal of the third resistor is connected to the output terminal of the third comparator. The first terminal of the fourth resistor is connected to the positive input terminal of the third comparator, and the second terminal of the fourth resistor is connected to the output terminal of the third comparator. The output terminal of the third comparator is also connected to the input terminal of the second converter.

[0137] Optionally, in an embodiment of this application, FIG7 is a circuit connection diagram of a voltage filter of a server power supply system according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in FIG7, the voltage filter includes a third comparator, a third resistor (corresponding to RV4 in FIG7) and a fourth resistor (corresponding to RV5 in FIG7).

[0138] Optionally, in this embodiment, the third comparator receives the voltage output signal from the power supply circuit and a reference level signal through two input terminals, respectively, and then generates an output signal based on the comparison result of these two signals. The positive input terminal of the third comparator is directly connected to the voltage output terminal of the power supply circuit and is configured to monitor the actual value of the power supply output voltage in real time. The negative input terminal receives a reference level through a third resistor. This reference level is a preset voltage standard used to compare with the output voltage of the power supply circuit to detect voltage deviation or resonant noise and generate the corresponding resonant noise value.

[0139] Based on the above, a voltage filter is constructed by integrating a third comparator, a third resistor, and a fourth resistor. This filter is used to monitor and adjust the stability of the power supply circuit's output voltage in real time. The third comparator detects voltage deviation or resonance by comparing the power supply circuit's output voltage with a preset reference level. The third and fourth resistors are used for signal conditioning and voltage division to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the third comparator's output. The second converter is configured to receive the output signal from the third comparator to generate calibration parameters, guiding the power supply circuit to perform precise voltage control and improving the stability of the parallel power supply system's voltage output.

[0140] As an optional embodiment, the second converter includes: a fourth comparator, a third reference power supply, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, and a capacitor. The first terminal of the fifth resistor is connected to the positive input terminal of the fourth comparator, and the second terminal of the fifth resistor is connected to the output terminal of the fourth comparator. The first terminal of the capacitor is connected to the positive input terminal of the fourth comparator, and the second terminal of the capacitor is connected to the first terminal of the sixth resistor. The second terminal of the sixth resistor is connected to the output terminal of the fourth comparator. The first terminal of the seventh resistor is connected to the positive input terminal of the fourth comparator, and the second terminal of the seventh resistor is grounded. The third reference power supply is connected to the negative input terminal of the fourth comparator, and the output terminal of the fourth comparator is connected to a power supply circuit.

[0141] Optionally, in an embodiment of this application, FIG8 is a circuit connection diagram of a second converter of a server power supply system according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in FIG8, the second converter includes a fourth comparator, a third reference power supply, a fifth resistor (corresponding to RV10 in FIG8), a sixth resistor (corresponding to RV9 in FIG8), a seventh resistor (corresponding to RV11 in FIG8), and a capacitor (corresponding to CV1 in FIG8).

[0142] Optionally, in this embodiment, when the positive input terminal of the fourth comparator receives the voltage signal output by the voltage filter, it compares it with the third reference power supply value received at the negative input terminal. If the voltage signal deviates from the reference level set by the third reference power supply, the fourth comparator will generate a calibration parameter corresponding to the resonant noise value output by the voltage filter. This calibration parameter contains information on how to adjust the power supply circuit to counteract voltage fluctuations or noise.

[0143] Optionally, in this embodiment, the output of the fourth comparator is directly connected to the power supply circuit, so that the power supply circuit can receive the calibration parameters generated by the fourth comparator. The power supply circuit will adjust the duty cycle, frequency or phase of its output voltage according to the calibration parameter signal to reduce voltage deviation, eliminate resonance noise, and ensure the stability and reliability of the output voltage.

[0144] Based on the above, the second converter, through the combination of the fourth comparator, the third reference power supply, the fifth resistor, the sixth resistor, the seventh resistor, and the capacitor, can effectively process the voltage deviation and noise information detected by the voltage filter and generate corresponding calibration parameters to guide the power supply circuit to accurately adjust its output voltage.

[0145] As an optional embodiment, the processor is also configured to: convert power output parameters of the power supply system into power output parameters based on multiple target power parameters, wherein the power output parameters are used to indicate the power output required by any power supply in the power supply system after responding to power demand; and determine the power regulation amount based on the power output parameters and the power supply parameters.

[0146] Optionally, in the embodiments of this application, the target power parameters are used to indicate the actual output power of the power supply. The target power parameters may include, but are not limited to, the current output value, voltage output value, power supply, etc. of the power supply.

[0147] Optionally, in this embodiment, the processor receives target power parameters from various power sources and, based on multiple target power parameters and the system's power supply requirements, converts them into a comprehensive power output parameter. This power output parameter indicates how much power (voltage, current, or power) each power source should output to maintain load balance in the power supply system under current power demand. The processor then determines the power regulation amount based on the power output parameter and the power supply parameters.

[0148] As an optional embodiment, the processor is further configured to: calculate the product between a reference voltage value and a voltage regulation rate when the target power parameter is a voltage value, to obtain a voltage regulation amount, wherein the power output parameter includes the reference voltage value, the power supply parameter includes the voltage regulation rate, and the power regulation amount includes the voltage regulation amount;

[0149] Given that the target electrical energy parameter is the current value, the product between the reference current value and the current averaging rate is calculated to obtain the current regulation amount. The electrical energy output parameter includes the reference current value, the power supply parameter includes the current averaging rate, and the electrical energy regulation amount includes the current regulation amount.

[0150] Optionally, in this embodiment, when the target power parameter is a voltage value, the voltage regulation amount is the product of the reference voltage value and the voltage regulation rate. The reference voltage value is used to indicate the desired voltage level of the power supply system and is typically set to the rated output voltage of the power supply, such as the 12V output of a server power supply. Voltage regulation amount = reference voltage value × voltage regulation rate. For example, if the reference voltage value is 12.2V and the voltage regulation rate is 5%, then the voltage regulation amount is 12.2V × 5% = 0.61V. That is, during the dynamic response process, if a voltage deviation from the reference value exceeding 0.61V is detected, the processor will generate an instruction to adjust the power supply in the power supply system to bring its output voltage within the specified range.

[0151] Optionally, in this embodiment, when the target power parameter is a current value, the current regulation amount is the product of the reference current value and the current averaging rate. The reference current value is used to indicate the current output that each power supply should have under balanced load conditions. Current regulation amount = reference current value × current averaging rate. For example, assuming the reference current value is Iave and the current averaging rate is 10%, then the current regulation amount is Iave × 10% = 0.1 × Iave. This means that if the current is detected to exceed 10% of Iave, the processor will generate an instruction to adjust the power supply in the power supply system so that its output current is adjusted to the specified current averaging range.

[0152] As an optional embodiment, the processor is also configured to: calculate the average value of multiple target power parameters to obtain a reference current value when the target power parameter is a current value, wherein the power output parameters include the reference current value;

[0153] When the target electrical energy parameter is a voltage value, a reference voltage value corresponding to the target electrical energy parameter is determined from the electrical energy parameters and voltage values ​​that have a corresponding relationship. The electrical energy output parameter includes the reference voltage value.

[0154] Optionally, in the embodiments of this application, when the target electrical energy parameter is a current value, the reference current value may be, but is not limited to, the average value of multiple target electrical energy parameters. This average value reflects the average current output of the power supply system at a certain moment, and is used to guide each power supply in the power supply system to adjust its current output to be close to the average value of the power supply system output current, so as to achieve overall current sharing and load balancing.

[0155] Optionally, in this embodiment, when the target power parameter is a voltage value, a reference voltage value corresponding to the target power parameter can be determined from a set of power parameters and voltage values ​​with a corresponding relationship. This correspondence can be based on the voltage output specifications of the power supply system design, load change patterns, historical operating data, and considerations for safety and efficiency. For example, for a 12V server power supply, the processor's database contains voltage output requirements under different load conditions, as well as emergency voltage adjustment strategies in specific situations (such as GPU overclocking).

[0156] Based on the above, the processor generates reference current and reference voltage values ​​by calculating the average value of the current and determining a reference voltage value that matches the voltage value. This enables the processor to guide each power supply in the parallel power supply system to perform dynamic power regulation, adjusting the output current and voltage to the desired stable state of the power supply system.

[0157] To perform its business processing functions, a server operates under different states, each with varying power requirements. For example, some servers, to support better computing power, are configured with multiple Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). The process of instantly increasing GPU computing power is called overclocking. Overclocking refers to enhancing the performance of the GPU by increasing its operating frequency (clock frequency). Overclocking primarily affects the GPU's core frequency and memory frequency. The GPU's core frequency directly affects its data processing speed. Overclocking, by increasing the core frequency, allows the GPU to handle more graphics processing tasks in the same amount of time. Increasing the memory frequency speeds up data transfer between the GPU and memory, helping to improve high-resolution and large-texture rendering capabilities. Through successful overclocking, users will experience higher frame rates or faster computing speeds in GPU-intensive tasks such as games, 3D rendering, and machine learning. Overclocking causes a significant increase in GPU temperature. Insufficient cooling can lead to overheating, triggering protection mechanisms such as frequency throttling or automatic shutdown. Overclocking also increases GPU power consumption, resulting in higher energy consumption. The peak load (EDPp) during GPU overclocking is significant. The power supply's support for overcurrent protection (OCP) is questionable if it operates at 155% of the PSU's maximum load for 200µs. This power supply supports OCP at approximately 110% of the PSU's maximum load for 1 second, and at approximately 140% for 100µs under peak load. Furthermore, excessive power consumption and load can cause significant voltage fluctuations and decreased stability; excessive overclocking may lead to system instability. Servers typically employ power redundancy to increase stability. Redundancy consists of multiple identical power supplies. When one power supply fails, another immediately takes over, and after replacement, multiple power supplies work together again. The benefit of power supply redundancy is high stability for server systems. When one or two power supplies fail or stop outputting power for unknown reasons, the remaining power supplies in the system can continue to operate, providing power to the server system and preventing server crashes or shutdowns due to power supply issues. Power supplies implementing redundancy have multiple parallel outputs, making the even distribution of current crucial. Therefore, current redundancy is essential. The share (current equalization) function ensures balanced current output from each unit. Through the implementation described above, the main output of the power supply system achieves active current sharing, with load current evenly distributed within 10%, and each PSU operating within 10%-20% of its rated load; a 5% tolerance is maintained at ≥20% of the rated load. Redundancy ensures that a failure in one power supply will not affect the operation and output of other power supplies. If the ISHARE pin is uniformly short-circuited to ground, the power output should meet specifications.However, in server applications using GPUs, the peak load (EDPp) during GPU overclocking and the extremely fast dynamic response require careful attention to prevent significant voltage fluctuations and decreased stability due to excessive power consumption and load. Therefore, "dynamic current sharing" evaluation is necessary, which places a heavy burden on server power supply design. This application proposes a software detection method to achieve a dynamic current sharing mechanism.

[0158] Optionally, in this embodiment, a dynamic current sharing mechanism for server power supply is also provided. This solution incorporates firmware and hardware functions into the Server PSU that "immediately adjust the converter duty cycle to the optimal ratio and maintain stable voltage output when the output voltage and current changes are instantaneously too large, and a fast convergence damping module to quickly converge the resonance during parallel operation." This allows the server power supply to actively adjust dynamic current sharing under GPU overclocking without any external commands, resulting in high speed and stability.

[0159] The implementation of this scheme is divided into three parts: (i) the conditions and model of dynamic current sharing phenomenon; (ii) the logic for judging sudden changes in output voltage and current; and (iii) the fast convergence and vibration reduction module.

[0160] 1. Determining the changes in output voltage and current of the Server PSU:

[0161] (I) Conditions and Models of Dynamic Flow Sharing Phenomena:

[0162] Figure 9 is a power redundancy architecture diagram of a server power dynamic current sharing mechanism according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 9, the main output has an active load sharing function by connecting all load sharing bus "ISHARE" pins together to support active load sharing. The expected active load sharing current and voltage regulation specifications of the PSU output in the N+N redundant power supply system are as follows:

[0163] (1) The average current rate η of the power supply is defined as follows:

[0164] Wherein, the load current averaging factor is η(%);

[0165] PSU output difference: ΔIo_DYNC=Iave*η(%);

[0166] PSU output current: Io;

[0167] PSU output average current:

[0168] (2) The power supply voltage regulation rate ε is defined as follows:

[0169] Among them, the power supply voltage regulation rate is ε (%).

[0170] PSU output voltage: Vo;

[0171] PSU output intermediate value: Vmean, such as 12.2V for a 12V power supply;

[0172] PSU output dynamic difference: ΔVo DYNC=|Vo-Vmean|*ε(%);

[0173] (3) Specifications for power supply load current averaging and voltage regulation:

[0174] a) Within the operating range of each PSU, the current averaging rate η is less than 10%;

[0175] b) Within the operating range of each PSU, the power supply voltage regulation ε is less than 5%;

[0176] When the system is first started, when a new power supply is first connected, and when the system CPU or GPU is overclocked, the power supply will undergo a dynamic change of about 20ms. Therefore, convergence needs to be performed for these two different scenarios of "system startup" and "system overclocking". Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of dynamic current sharing according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 10:

[0177] When the system is powered on: 20ms after the new power supply (Phase 2) is powered on, the load current equalization rate and voltage regulation rate of the power supply must meet the specifications.

[0178] When the system is overclocked: after the dynamic current switches to steady state for 5ms, the power supply load current averaging rate and voltage regulation rate meet the specifications.

[0179] Therefore, if the current averaging rate is greater than 10% or the voltage regulation rate is greater than 5% in these two scenarios, the PSU is considered to be in a dynamic state.

[0180] At this point, the boundary conditions for the dynamic change of the PSU output are:

[0181] Output current change:

[0182] Output voltage change:

[0183] 2. Logic for judging sudden changes in output voltage and current:

[0184] Figure 11 is a block diagram of a power stage architecture for a switching power supply according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 11, the basic architecture of a switching power supply generally consists of a pulse width modulation (PWM) control IC, switching elements (MOSFETs and diodes), magnetic components, and capacitors. Switching between cutoff and off regions, both modes have low dissipation. While the transition between modes involves higher dissipation, the time is very short, thus saving energy and generating less waste heat. However, switching power supplies are relatively complex; the MOSFETs switch frequently, and if the switching current is not properly managed, it may generate noise and electromagnetic interference affecting other devices. Furthermore, if the switching power supply is specially designed, its power factor is high. Switching power supplies typically handle power ranging from hundreds of watts to several kilowatts.

[0185] Pulse-width modulation (PWM) is a technique that converts analog signals into pulses. Generally, the period of the converted pulse is fixed, but the pulse's duty cycle varies depending on the magnitude of the analog signal. As shown in Figure 2, a PWM switching voltage regulator circuit achieves stable output voltage by adjusting its duty cycle through voltage feedback while keeping the output frequency of the control circuit constant.

[0186] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of a digital power supply according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 12, the digital power supply is based on the design of an analog control switching power supply, but uses a microprocessor to replace analog control; it performs programmable power management; and it uses software algorithms to control the power supply system, realizing power control, management, monitoring and communication functions that analog control switching power supplies cannot achieve, and has high flexibility; it can ensure the best conversion efficiency under various input voltages and various load conditions.

[0187] Current digital server power supplies (PSAs) typically use an MCU to perform functions such as converter switching control, fan control, LED control, monitoring, protection, and communication. This is typically divided into a primary-side MCU and a secondary-side MCU. Figure 13 is a block diagram of a digital power supply architecture according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 13, current server PSUs typically use an MCU to perform functions such as converter switching control, fan control, LED control, monitoring, protection, and communication. This is typically divided into a primary-side MCU and a secondary-side MCU. Current sharing and redundancy functions are both controlled and implemented by the secondary-side MCU.

[0188] 1) Software adjustments are required during dynamic system adjustments:

[0189] Further analysis revealed that the dynamic current sharing function relies on 12V_ISHARE and IMON for compensation. Since a voltage difference exists between 12V_ISHARE and IMON, the current sharing compensation function malfunctioned during dynamic testing. Consequently, an abnormal waveform appeared on the 12V voltage.

[0190] Therefore, the software adjustment logic is as follows:

[0191] When the dynamic conditions are confirmed to be met, the Dynamic Adjustment Control Function (DYNC) will be activated. If the conditions are not met, the system will remain in the Static State Loop. Figure 14 shows a dynamic adjustment logic diagram according to an embodiment of this application, and its management flow is shown in Figure 14. It checks the dynamic conditions every 5ms (this time is adjustable). ΔIo_sense > ΔIo_DYNC (ΔIo_DYNC = 0.1 * Iave); ΔI12Vo_Sense > ΔVo_DYNC (ΔVo_DYNC = 0.61);

[0192] 2) Judgment and correction for entering the Dynamic Adjustment Control Function (DYNC Control Function):

[0193] When entering the dynamic adjustment control function, it is necessary to ensure that the current feedback is greater than the dynamic mode current change ΔIo_sense > ΔIo_DYNC. This will cancel out the voltage error between 12V_ISHARE and IMON. This cancellation continues every 5ms until the current feedback is less than the dynamic mode current change, at which point the dynamic adjustment mode is exited. Figure 15 is a logic diagram of dynamic output voltage adjustment according to an embodiment of this application, and Figure 16 is a logic diagram of dynamic output current adjustment according to an embodiment of this application.

[0194] 3) Post-adjustment testing:

[0195] An abnormal waveform appeared at 12V due to the addition of a current sharing control limit. Optimized firmware resolved the 12V anomaly during dynamic testing. The output voltage was verified to be normal during dynamic testing. Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of a dynamically adjusted current sharing rate according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 17, when the power supply is dynamically adjusted, the load current sharing rate is within 10%.

[0196] 3. Rapid convergence vibration damping module:

[0197] Because resonance is a key concern in parallel power supply applications. Parallel resonance mainly occurs when the characteristics of the inductor and capacitor components of the system interact. When the circuit's operating frequency approaches its resonant frequency, it can cause a sharp decrease or increase in circuit impedance. This phenomenon may induce large current or voltage fluctuations, threatening the stability and safety of the system. Feedback oscillation is caused by output oscillation. Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of a feedback adjustment circuit according to an embodiment of this application, and Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of the waveform impact according to an embodiment of this application.

[0198] In practical applications, resonance may be caused by factors such as load changes, power grid fluctuations, or harmonic injection. When multiple power sources operate in parallel, the impact of resonance may be more complex due to the different internal resistances and dynamic characteristics of each power source. Figure 20 is a waveform diagram of the current resonance of a power source in parallel according to an embodiment of this application.

[0199] This can lead to mutual interference between power supplies and may also cause equipment damage or efficiency degradation. To prevent resonance, it is necessary to optimize circuit design, add damping circuits, avoid the resonant frequency range, or use filtering measures to improve system stability. This is a key aspect of ensuring the reliability of parallel power supplies. This solution uses a fast convergence vibration reduction module. Figure 21 is a current dynamic vibration reduction architecture diagram according to an embodiment of this application, and Figure 22 is a current dynamic current sharing vibration reduction functional logic diagram according to an embodiment of this application.

[0200] Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of two detection paths of a vibration reduction module circuit according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 23, when the power supply is connected in parallel, the influence of different resonances of the dynamic characteristics of each power supply can be reduced from dozens of oscillations to 1-2 times by using the output current detection path and the output voltage detection path respectively.

[0201] Figure 24 is a circuit diagram of a vibration damping module circuit according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 24, the vibration damping module circuit is composed of a comparator-type circuit, which aims to eliminate the influence of feedback oscillation on the feedback. It can be divided into an output current detection path and a voltage output path. Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of the level change of a vibration damping module circuit according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 25, this solution uses a dual-supply comparator-type circuit. With Vref bias as the center, the comparison voltage is limited to the range of Vref+Vos and Vref-Vos. If it is within this range, it is a high level +VDD; if it is outside this range, it is a low level VSS; if it is grounded, it is a zero potential.

[0202] Output current detection path:

[0203] Figure 26 is a circuit diagram of a vibration damping module circuit output current detection path comparator according to an embodiment of the present application, and Figure 27 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a current detection path comparator according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 26 can be simplified to be equivalent to Figure 27. When the current feedback path is in the range of 2.5V + / - 0.61V, the output will be high level, and outside this range it will be low level.

[0204] Output voltage detection path:

[0205] Figure 28 is a circuit diagram of a voltage detection path comparator for a vibration damping module according to an embodiment of the present application, and Figure 29 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a voltage detection path comparator according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 28 can be simplified to be equivalent to Figure 29. When the voltage input feedback is in the range of 2.5V + / - 0.61V, the output will be high level, and outside this range it will be low level.

[0206] Figure 30 is a waveform diagram of a vibration damping module according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 31, the vibration damping module circuit mainly prevents resonance by maintaining the power supply feedback voltage at a stable DC bias. Improving the resonance phenomenon when power supplies are connected in parallel can significantly improve the stability and reliability of the system and reduce the damage to equipment caused by current or voltage fluctuations. By suppressing resonance, energy loss caused by high-frequency oscillations can be reduced, and overall efficiency can be improved. At the same time, it can also effectively reduce electromagnetic interference and optimize the operating environment of the power grid or system. Suppressing resonance is crucial for the long lifespan and performance consistency of parallel power supplies. Ultimately, this optimization can ensure that the system operates more safely and efficiently, meeting the power supply requirements of complex loads.

[0207] Figure 31 is a waveform diagram of dynamic current resonance phenomenon in parallel power supply according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 32 is a waveform diagram of improved resonance phenomenon according to an embodiment of this application. To accommodate the dynamic waveform generated by the server power supply during GPU or CPU overclocking, the system dynamically adjusts its software and uses a fast convergence damping module, as shown in Figure 32. The system dynamically adjusts the software to eliminate rising and falling voltages when the CPU or GPU starts overclocking. The fast convergence damping module eliminates the current resonance phenomenon during parallel connection.

[0208] This solution has a significant market potential. In data centers and server environments where GPU cards are used, output voltage spikes can occur due to heavy loads (EDPp) during GPU overclocking, leading to sudden voltage drops. This design approach makes the power supply system more adaptable, maintainable, and cost-effective, while ensuring system stability and reliability under varying load conditions.

[0209] This solution allows the software to dynamically adjust based on real-time load changes, achieving more precise load balancing and improving overall system efficiency and stability. Simultaneously, reducing the impact of resonance on the system and mitigating resonance phenomena in parallel power supply connections significantly enhances system stability and reliability, reducing damage to equipment from current or voltage fluctuations. Suppressing resonance reduces energy loss caused by high-frequency oscillations, improving overall efficiency. Furthermore, it effectively reduces electromagnetic interference, optimizing the operating environment of the power grid or system. Suppressing resonance is crucial for the long lifespan and performance consistency of parallel power supplies.

[0210] On the other hand, software adaptation allows for better monitoring and management of the power system, enabling rapid response to anomalies, reducing the probability of failures, and improving system reliability. When the system needs to add new functions or adapt to new load conditions, it can be extended through software without large-scale hardware modifications, enhancing system scalability. No additional hardware or special capacitor values ​​are required; this functionality can be added to the existing architecture and firmware. Furthermore, this solution does not utilize special technologies or new materials, and its level of sophistication is relatively low. The proposed firmware and hardware design effectively addresses the dynamic adjustment problem, demonstrating a highly innovative concept. The design feasibility of the embodiment is 100%, and the related technologies used are mature, existing mass-produced technologies.

[0211] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the methods according to the above embodiments can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms. Of course, they can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method.

[0212] Those skilled in the art will further recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the components and steps of the various examples have been generally described in terms of functionality in the foregoing description. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0213] The power supply system for a server provided in this application has been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the embodiments above are merely for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications to this application without departing from its principles, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A power supply system for a server, characterized in that, include: Multiple power supplies are connected in parallel, and the power supply system is configured to connect to a server. The plurality of power supplies are configured to supply power to the target server according to the power supply requirements of the connected target server, wherein the power supply requirements are used to indicate the amount of electrical energy required by the server. The target power supply among the plurality of power supplies is configured to adjust the power parameters output by the target power supply to reference power parameters based on the power parameters output by the target power supply and the power supply parameters of the power supply system, wherein the power supply parameters are used to indicate the differences between the power outputs of the power supply and the power parameters allowed by the power supply system.

2. The power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The target power supply includes: a processor and a controller, wherein the processor and the controller are connected; The processor is configured to convert the target power supply's power adjustment amount into the power adjustment amount for the controller based on the target power parameters currently output by the plurality of power supplies and the power supply parameters, until the power parameters output by the target power supply are adjusted to the reference power parameters, wherein the power adjustment amount is used to indicate the power difference before and after the target power supply's power output is adjusted. The controller is configured to adjust the electrical energy output by the target power supply according to the electrical energy adjustment amount.

3. The power supply system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The controller includes a filter circuit and a power supply circuit, wherein the power supply circuit is connected to the processor and the power supply circuit is also connected to the filter circuit; The power supply circuit is configured to operate according to the target operating parameters indicated by the power regulation amount, and output the first power. The filtering circuit is configured to detect the disturbance parameters carried in the first electrical energy and generate calibration parameters for the operating parameters of the power supply circuit based on the disturbance parameters. The disturbance parameters are used to indicate the interference of the power supply status of the power supply other than the target power supply among the plurality of power supply power supplies on the power supply status of the target power supply power supply. The power supply circuit is also configured to adjust the target operating parameters using the calibration parameters to obtain reference operating parameters, and to operate according to the reference operating parameters to output a second electrical energy.

4. The power supply system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The power supply circuit includes: a parameter converter and a switching power supply, wherein the parameter converter is connected to the processor and the switching power supply respectively; The parameter converter is configured to convert an initial pulse width signal corresponding to the power regulation amount, wherein the target operating parameter includes the initial pulse width signal; The switching power supply is configured to respond to the initial pulse width signal, discharge according to the discharge state indicated by the initial pulse width signal, and output the first electrical energy.

5. The power supply system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The parameter converter is also connected to the filter circuit; The parameter converter is further configured to adjust the initial pulse width signal using the calibration parameters received from the output of the filter circuit to obtain a reference pulse width signal; The switching power supply is also configured to respond to the reference pulse width signal, discharge according to the discharge state indicated by the reference pulse width signal, and output the second electrical energy.

6. The power supply system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The parameter converter includes: a sawtooth wave generator, a first amplifier, a signal comparator, and a first reference power supply. The first input terminal of the signal comparator is connected to the first reference power supply, the second input terminal of the signal comparator is connected to the signal output terminal of the filter circuit, the signal output terminal of the first amplifier is connected to the first input terminal of the signal comparator, the second input terminal of the signal comparator is connected to the sawtooth wave generator, and the output terminal of the signal comparator is connected to the switching power supply. The first amplifier is configured to generate a calibration signal based on the reference voltage output from the first reference power supply and the calibration parameters output from the filter circuit; The sawtooth wave generator is configured to generate a sawtooth wave signal corresponding to the power regulation amount; The signal comparator is configured to output a pulse width signal based on the calibration signal and the sawtooth wave signal.

7. The power supply system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The filtering circuit includes: a current filter and a first converter, wherein the output terminal of the current filter is connected to the input terminal of the first converter, the current input terminal of the current filter is connected to the current output terminal of the power supply circuit, and the output terminal of the first converter is connected to the power supply circuit. The current filter is configured to detect the resonant noise value of the other power supply based on the target current output by the power supply circuit, wherein the first power supply includes the target current and the disturbance parameter includes the resonant noise value. The first converter is configured to generate the calibration parameters corresponding to the resonant noise value.

8. The power supply system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The current filter includes: a first comparator, wherein the negative input terminal of the first comparator is connected to the output terminal of the first comparator, the positive input terminal of the first comparator is connected to the current output terminal of the power supply circuit, and the output terminal of the first comparator is connected to the input terminal of the first converter.

9. The power supply system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first converter includes: a second comparator, a first resistor, a second resistor, and a second reference power supply, wherein a first end of the first resistor is connected to the output terminal of the current filter, a second end of the first resistor is connected to the positive input terminal of the second comparator, the second reference power supply is connected to the first end of the second resistor, a second end of the second resistor is connected to the negative input terminal of the second comparator, and the output terminal of the second comparator is connected to the power supply circuit.

10. The power supply system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The filtering circuit includes: a voltage filter and a second converter, wherein the output terminal of the voltage filter is connected to the input terminal of the second converter, the voltage input terminal of the voltage filter is connected to the voltage output terminal of the power supply circuit, and the output terminal of the second converter is connected to the power supply circuit; The voltage filter is configured to detect the resonant noise value of the other power supply based on the target voltage output by the power supply circuit, wherein the first electrical energy includes the target voltage and the disturbance parameter includes the resonant noise value; The second converter is configured to generate the calibration parameters corresponding to the resonant noise.

11. The power supply system according to claim 10, characterized in that, The voltage filter includes a third comparator, a third resistor, and a fourth resistor. The positive input terminal of the third comparator is connected to the voltage output terminal of the power supply circuit. The first terminal of the third resistor is connected to the negative input terminal of the third comparator, and the second terminal of the third resistor is connected to the output terminal of the third comparator. The first terminal of the fourth resistor is connected to the positive input terminal of the third comparator, and the second terminal of the fourth resistor is connected to the output terminal of the third comparator. The output terminal of the third comparator is also connected to the input terminal of the second converter.

12. The power supply system according to claim 11, characterized in that, The second converter includes: a fourth comparator, a third reference power supply, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, and a capacitor. The first end of the fifth resistor is connected to the positive input terminal of the fourth comparator, and the second end of the fifth resistor is connected to the output terminal of the fourth comparator. The first end of the capacitor is connected to the positive input terminal of the fourth comparator, and the second end of the capacitor is connected to the first end of the sixth resistor. The second end of the sixth resistor is connected to the output terminal of the fourth comparator. The first end of the seventh resistor is connected to the positive input terminal of the fourth comparator, and the second end of the seventh resistor is grounded. The third reference power supply is connected to the negative input terminal of the fourth comparator, and the output terminal of the fourth comparator is connected to the power supply circuit.

13. The power supply system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The processor is further configured to: convert the power output parameters of the power supply system according to a plurality of the target power parameters, wherein the power output parameters are used to indicate the power required to be output by any of the power supply sources in the power supply system after responding to the power demand; and determine the power regulation amount according to the power output parameters and the power supply parameters.

14. The power supply system according to claim 13, characterized in that, The processor is further configured to: when the target power parameter is a voltage value, calculate the product between a reference voltage value and a voltage regulation rate to obtain a voltage regulation amount, wherein the power output parameter includes the reference voltage value, the power supply parameter includes the voltage regulation rate, and the power regulation amount includes the voltage regulation amount; When the target electrical energy parameter is a current value, the product between the reference current value and the current averaging rate is calculated to obtain the current regulation amount. The electrical energy output parameter includes the reference current value, the power supply parameter includes the current averaging rate, and the electrical energy regulation amount includes the current regulation amount.

15. The power supply system according to claim 13, characterized in that, The processor is further configured to: when the target power parameter is a current value, calculate the average value of multiple target power parameters to obtain a reference current value, wherein the power output parameter includes the reference current value; When the target electrical energy parameter is a voltage value, a reference voltage value corresponding to the target electrical energy parameter is determined from electrical energy parameters and voltage values ​​that have a corresponding relationship, wherein the electrical energy output parameter includes the reference voltage value.

16. The power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply parameters are used to indicate the difference in current or voltage output between multiple power sources allowed by the power supply system at a single time. The power supply parameters correspond to the load current averaging rate or voltage regulation rate.

17. The power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrical energy parameters are used to indicate the electrical energy output status of the corresponding power supply.

18. The power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The difference between the electrical energy output by the target power supply after operating according to the reference electrical energy parameters and the average electrical energy output by the multiple power supplies is less than a preset threshold.

19. The power supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multiple power supplies are connected via a load-sharing bus, and the multiple power supplies are configured to share power parameters via the load-sharing bus.

20. The power supply system according to claim 19, characterized in that, The target power supply is configured to acquire the current real-time output power parameters of each power supply in the power supply system via the load sharing bus; The first output electrical energy of all power sources in the power supply system during the first adjustment cycle is calculated. Obtain the current power supply parameters of the power supply system; The first energy adjustment amount corresponding to the first adjustment cycle is calculated based on the first output energy of all power supplies in the power supply system and the power supply parameters of the power supply system. The first energy parameter currently output by the target power supply is adjusted to the second energy parameter according to the first energy adjustment amount. If the difference between the second electrical energy parameter and the first output electrical energy is less than the target difference threshold, the adjustment process ends; if the difference between the second electrical energy parameter and the first output electrical energy is greater than or equal to the target difference threshold, the second adjustment cycle begins.

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