Antibacterial and Anti-adhesion coating, and antibacterial and Anti-adhesion coating layer and preparation method therefor and use thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of coatings, and discloses an antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating, and an antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating layer and a preparation method therefor and a use thereof. In the present application, by selecting suitable parts by mass of raw materials, the raw materials cooperate with each other, and in particular, a good synergistic effect exists between a zwitterionic copolymer and polypyrrole / barium titanate composite particles. The obtained antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating has good antibacterial properties and antibacterial adhesion. An antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating layer prepared by using the antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating has a long-lasting antifouling effect, can be widely applied to marine structures, and prolongs the service life of the marine structures.

Description

An antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating, an antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating method thereof and its application Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of coating technology, and in particular relates to an antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating, an antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating layer, its preparation method and application. Background Technology

[0002] Marine biofouling refers to the process by which marine microorganisms, algae, shellfish, and other organisms attach to and multiply on the surfaces of underwater structures such as ship hulls, platforms, and submarine cables. This process not only increases the drag of the hull, leading to increased fuel consumption, but can also corrode underwater structures, shortening their service life. Therefore, preventing biofouling has become an important issue in marine engineering.

[0003] Antifouling coatings are currently the most commonly used method for preventing biofouling. Their main mechanisms of action include antifouling release, antifouling, and fouling release. Antifouling-release coatings actively prevent marine organisms from attaching by releasing antifouling agents, while antifouling coatings create a low-adhesion surface that makes it difficult for fouling organisms to attach. Fouling-release coatings, on the other hand, utilize their self-cleaning properties to allow attached organisms to be easily removed by fluid shear forces. Among these, antifouling-release coatings based on self-polishing copolymers (SPCs) are the most common type, typically composed of acrylate copolymers with hydrolyzable side chain groups. Although early tributyltin (TBT) SPCs had excellent antifouling effects, their use has been banned due to their serious environmental hazards.

[0004] Currently, self-polishing antifouling coatings from Wuxi, primarily composed of silicone-based, copper-based, and zinc-based acrylate copolymers, dominate the market. Silicone-based acrylate copolymers not only possess excellent antifouling properties but also exhibit self-smoothing and drag-reducing effects, thus lowering energy consumption during ship operation. However, these SPC coatings show poor antifouling performance under static conditions (such as when moored) because their antifouling performance relies on surface hydrolysis induced by strong water flow shear forces. Furthermore, traditional SPC coatings typically require the addition of antifouling agents, which may cause secondary pollution to the environment. On the other hand, polyethylene glycol and zwitterionic polymers, due to their antiprotein properties, have been considered promising candidates for marine antifouling applications in recent years. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide an antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating, an antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating method thereof, and its application, which have excellent antibacterial and anti-adhesion effects, as well as self-renewal ability and durable antifouling ability.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect of this application, an antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating is provided, the antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0007] 1 part zwitterionic copolymer, 1-3 parts polyvinylpyrrolidone, 0.01-0.1 parts polypyrrole / barium titanate composite particles, and 10-25 parts dimethyl sulfoxide;

[0008] The monomers of the zwitterionic copolymer include tert-carboxybetaine triisopropylsilyl ester ethyl acrylate (TCBSA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), and 2-methylene-1,3-dioxane-heptane (MDO).

[0009] The antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating provided in this application achieves a long-lasting antifouling effect by selecting appropriate mass proportions of raw materials and combining them with each other. In particular, the antibacterial adhesion of the zwitterionic copolymer and the antibacterial properties of the polypyrrole / barium titanate composite particles have a good synergistic effect.

[0010] Specifically, barium titanate in polypyrrole / barium titanate composite particles (BTO@PPy composite particles) is a strong dielectric material with a high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss. Its reduced symmetry in its tetragonal phase structure allows it to generate charge under external stress, resulting in a piezoelectric effect. Under ultrasound, the tetragonal barium titanate polarizes and generates an electric field, causing electrons and holes to separate. Holes combine with water molecules to produce hydroxyl radicals, while electrons, with their strong reducing properties, combine with oxygen molecules to produce superoxide radicals. Both can induce apoptosis, thus giving the tetragonal barium titanate an antifouling effect. Simultaneously, the introduced polypyrrole is conductive; therefore, the resulting composite particles exhibit even better antifouling performance. The zwitterionic copolymer, including the monomers described in this application, can rapidly generate a zwitterionic surface under aqueous conditions, achieving surface self-renewal. Further compounding the polypyrrole / barium titanate composite particles and the zwitterionic copolymer results in an antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating with even stronger antifouling capabilities.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating described in this application, the antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0012] 1 part zwitterionic copolymer, 1.5-2.0 parts polyvinylpyrrolidone, 0.03-0.08 parts polypyrrole / barium titanate composite particles, and 15-20 parts dimethyl sulfoxide.

[0013] This study found that the mass fraction of raw materials in antibacterial and anti-adhesion coatings affects the overall performance of the product. When the mass fraction of raw materials is further selected within the above-mentioned range, the antibacterial and anti-adhesion effect of the obtained product is better.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating described in this application, the mass percentage of polypyrrole / barium titanate composite particles is 0.08-0.35% based on the total mass of the raw materials of the antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating.

[0015] For example, based on the total mass of the raw materials of the antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating, the mass percentage of polypyrrole / barium titanate composite particles can be any point value or any two points between 0.08% and 0.35%, such as 0.08%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.35%, etc.

[0016] Preferably, the mass percentage of polypyrrole / barium titanate composite particles is 0.1-0.35% based on the total mass of the raw materials of the antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating.

[0017] The inventors of this application discovered through research that the mass percentage of polypyrrole / barium titanate composite particles in the total mass of the raw materials affects the overall performance of the antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating. When the mass percentage of polypyrrole / barium titanate composite particles is further selected within the above range, the antibacterial and anti-adhesion properties of the obtained antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating are even better.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating described in this application, the preparation method of the zwitterionic copolymer includes the following steps: dissolving tertiary carboxybetaine triisopropylsilyl ester ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and 2-methylene-1,3-dioxane in dioxane to obtain a solution; then degassing the solution; after degassing, polymerizing the solution under an inert gas environment; after the polymerization reaction, adding the resulting reaction system to hexane to precipitate the precipitate; finally collecting and drying the precipitate to obtain the zwitterionic copolymer.

[0019] Preferably, the degassing involves performing 2-3 cycles of freezing-vacuuming-thawing on the solution.

[0020] Preferably, the polymerization reaction is carried out at a temperature of 65-75°C for 20-28 hours.

[0021] Preferably, the drying is performed under vacuum conditions at 70±5℃ for 10-16 hours.

[0022] Preferably, the mass ratio of tert-carboxybetaine triisopropylsilyl ester ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and 2-methylene-1,3-dioxane-heptane is 1:(1.1-1.5):(0.7-1).

[0023] More preferably, the mass ratio of tertiary carboxybetaine triisopropylsilyl ester ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and 2-methylene-1,3-dioxane-heptane is 1:1.3:0.85.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment of the antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating described in this application, the preparation method of the polypyrrole / barium titanate composite particles includes the following steps: adding ferric chloride aqueous solution and barium titanate aqueous dispersion to a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution and stirring; after stirring, adding pyridine and continuing to stir and react; after the reaction is completed, drying to obtain polypyrrole / barium titanate composite particles.

[0025] Preferably, the stirring temperature during the addition of ferric chloride solution and barium titanate dispersion is 0±2℃, and the stirring time is 50-70 min.

[0026] Preferably, the reaction time after adding pyridine and continuing stirring is 18-22 hours.

[0027] Preferably, in the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, the mass-volume ratio of polyvinyl alcohol is (0.8-1.2) g / 100 mL.

[0028] Preferably, the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is prepared by adding polyvinyl alcohol to deionized water and heating to 90°C while stirring to dissolve, thereby obtaining a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution.

[0029] Preferably, the ferric chloride aqueous solution has a ferric chloride mass concentration of 18-22 mg / mL.

[0030] Preferably, the barium titanate aqueous dispersion has a barium titanate mass concentration of 4-6 mg / mL.

[0031] Preferably, the volume ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, ferric chloride aqueous solution, and barium titanate aqueous dispersion is 1:(0.10-0.16):(0.30-0.36).

[0032] Preferably, the mass-to-volume ratio of polyvinyl alcohol and pyridine is 1 g:(0.13-0.19) mL.

[0033] The inventors of this application have discovered through research that when the above-mentioned method and the corresponding preparation parameters are within the above-mentioned range, the zwitterionic copolymer and polypyrrole / barium titanate composite particles prepared accordingly are applied to antibacterial and anti-adhesion coatings, resulting in antibacterial and anti-adhesion coatings with superior overall performance.

[0034] In a second aspect of this application, the application of the antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating is provided in the preparation of antibacterial and anti-adhesion coatings.

[0035] In a third aspect, this application provides an antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating, the antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating comprising a primer coating and a topcoat coating, the topcoat coating comprising the antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating described in this application.

[0036] As a preferred embodiment of the antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating described in this application, the thickness of the primer coating is 15μm-20μm.

[0037] Preferably, the thickness of the primer coating is 16μm-18μm.

[0038] As a preferred embodiment of the antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating described in this application, the thickness of the topcoat coating is 200μm-1000μm.

[0039] Preferably, the thickness of the topcoat coating is 250μm-300μm.

[0040] In a fourth aspect of this application, this application provides a method for preparing an antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating, the method comprising the following steps: applying the antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating of this application onto a primer coating and then immersing it in water to obtain an antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment of the preparation method described in this application, the primer is an epoxy resin primer.

[0042] For example, the epoxy resin primer may be the epoxy zinc-rich primer (model 725-H06-21) from Xiamen Shuangrui Marine Coatings Co., Ltd.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment of the preparation method described in this application, the soaking time is 20-28 hours.

[0044] The inventors of this application discovered through research that when the soaking time is further selected within the above-mentioned range, solvent exchange can be effectively carried out, promoting the formation of the hydrogel coating, that is, helping to form a stable coating structure and improving the antibacterial and anti-adhesion properties of the coating.

[0045] Preferably, the preparation method of the primer coating includes the following steps: applying primer to the surface of a pretreated metal substrate, and then curing it at 20-30°C for 20-28 hours after coating.

[0046] Preferably, the coating is applied by brushing.

[0047] Preferably, the pretreatment includes grinding, polishing, and cleaning the material using sandpaper of different grits (400#, 600#, 800#) and ultrasonic methods.

[0048] The inventors of this application discovered through research that the introduction of a primer can improve the adhesion of the antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating, while providing preliminary anti-corrosion protection and ensuring the long-term stability of the antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating in complex marine environments; and after curing within the above-mentioned temperature and time range, it can ensure that the primer is fully cross-linked and cured, thereby forming a uniform and dense primer layer.

[0049] Preferably, the coating includes brushing or spraying.

[0050] In a fifth aspect of this application, the application of the aforementioned antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating in the preparation of marine structures is provided.

[0051] For example, the marine structures include ships, platforms, submarine cables, etc.

[0052] In some embodiments, this application provides a method for manufacturing an antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating for ships, comprising:

[0053] Pre-treatment of the metal surfaces of the ship's hull, including grinding, polishing and cleaning;

[0054] Apply an epoxy resin primer to the pretreated surface and cure it at 20-30℃ for 20-28 hours to form a primer coating.

[0055] The antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating as described in the first aspect is applied onto the primer coating to form a topcoat coating;

[0056] The coated hull is immersed in water for 20-28 hours to form the antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating; and

[0057] The hull, after drying and soaking, is coated with an antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating.

[0058] In some embodiments, this application provides a method for manufacturing an antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating for a platform, comprising:

[0059] Pre-treatment of the metal surface of the manufacturing platform shell includes grinding, polishing and cleaning;

[0060] Apply an epoxy resin primer to the pretreated surface and cure it at 20-30℃ for 20-28 hours to form a primer coating.

[0061] The antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating as described in the first aspect is applied onto the primer coating to form a topcoat coating;

[0062] The coated manufacturing platform shell is immersed in water for 20-28 hours to form the antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating; and

[0063] The manufacturing platform hull, after drying and soaking, is a marine platform with an antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating.

[0064] In some embodiments, this application provides a method for applying an antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating to the outer sheath of a submarine cable, comprising:

[0065] Cleaning and pretreatment of the outer metal surface of the submarine cable sheath;

[0066] Apply an epoxy resin primer to the pretreated surface and cure it at 20-30℃ for 20-28 hours to form a primer coating.

[0067] The antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating as described in the first aspect is applied onto the primer coating to form a topcoat coating;

[0068] The coated submarine cable is immersed in water for 20-28 hours to form the antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating; and

[0069] After drying and soaking, the submarine cable is obtained with an antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating.

[0070] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are as follows:

[0071] This application utilizes appropriate proportions of raw materials, with the materials complementing each other, especially the zwitterionic copolymer and the polypyrrole / barium titanate composite particles, to achieve a good synergistic effect. The resulting antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating exhibits excellent antibacterial and anti-bacterial adhesion properties. The antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating prepared using this coating has a long-lasting antifouling effect and can be widely applied to marine structures, extending their service life. Attached Figure Description

[0072] Figure 1 shows the SEM image of the prepared polypyrrole / barium titanate composite particles;

[0073] Figure 2 shows the Fourier transform infrared spectra of barium titanate, polypyrrole, and polypyrrole / barium titanate composite particles.

[0074] Figure 3 is a SEM image of the topcoat coating prepared in Example 1;

[0075] Figure 4 shows the self-healing ability of the material before and after the experiment;

[0076] Figure 5 shows the colony diagrams of different groups. Detailed Implementation

[0077] To better illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and advantages of this application, the following will provide further explanation of this application in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0078] Unless otherwise specified, the reagents, methods and equipment used in this application are all conventional reagents, methods and equipment in the field; and unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used in parallel experiments are from the same batch.

[0079] zwitterionic copolymer: prepared in-house, the preparation method includes the following steps:

[0080] 4.56 g of 2-methylene-1,3-dioxane (MDO), 7.00 g of methyl methacrylate (MMA), and 5.36 g of tert-carboxybenzene triisopropylsilyl acrylate ethyl acrylate (TCBSA) were weighed and dissolved in 20 mL of dioxane to obtain a solution. Subsequently, the solution was degassed by a three-cycle freezing-vacuuming-thawing process to remove oxygen and other gases that might affect the polymerization reaction. After degassed, the solution was heated to 70 °C under argon protection for polymerization. After 24 h of reaction, the reaction solution was poured into hexane to precipitate the precipitate. The precipitate was then collected and dried under vacuum at 70 °C for 12 h to obtain a zwitterionic copolymer.

[0081] Polypyrrole / barium titanate composite particles: self-made, the preparation method includes the following steps:

[0082] 6.0 g of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was weighed and dissolved in 600 mL of deionized water. The mixture was stirred at 90 °C until the solid dissolved, yielding a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution. Subsequently, 80 mL (20 mg / mL) of ferric chloride aqueous solution and 200 mL (5 mg / mL) of barium titanate aqueous dispersion were added sequentially to the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution. The working temperature was then adjusted to be maintained at around 0 °C and stirred for 1 h. 1 mL of pyridine was then added, and the reaction was carried out for 20 h before drying. Polypyrrole / barium titanate composite particles were obtained. The SEM image of the obtained polypyrrole / barium titanate composite particles is shown in Figure 1. The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra of barium titanate (BTO), polypyrrole (PPy), and polypyrrole / barium titanate (BTO / PPy) composite particles (i.e., BTO@PPy composite particles) are shown in Figure 2.

[0083] Examples 1-8 and Comparative Examples 1-4

[0084] This application provides an antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating and an antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating layer. The mass fraction of the raw materials in the antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating and the thickness of the primer coating and the thickness of the topcoat coating in the antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating layer are shown in Table 1.

[0085] Table 1

[0086] The method for preparing the antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating provided in Example 1 includes the following steps:

[0087] (1) Dissolve the zwitterionic copolymer and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) together in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), then add polypyrrole / barium titanate composite particles, stir and mix evenly to obtain an antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating.

[0088] (2) Grind, polish and clean the surface of the metal substrate to obtain the pretreated metal substrate surface. Then apply epoxy resin primer and cure at 25°C for 24 hours after brushing to obtain a primer coating with a thickness of 16μm.

[0089] (3) The antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating prepared in step (1) is sprayed onto the primer coating and then immersed in water for 24 hours to obtain an antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating with a thickness of 250 μm; thus forming an antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating.

[0090] The SEM image of the topcoat coating prepared in Example 1 is shown in Figure 3.

[0091] The preparation methods of the antibacterial and anti-adhesion coatings and antibacterial and anti-adhesion coatings provided in Examples 2-8 and Comparative Examples 1-4 are consistent with those in Example 1, except that the relevant components are not added.

[0092] Example of effect

[0093] This application investigates the performance of the antibacterial and anti-adhesion coatings prepared in Examples 1-8 and Comparative Examples 1-4, including the following aspects:

[0094] 1. Antibacterial properties

[0095] The antimicrobial properties of the coating were evaluated using marine bacteria of the genus *Pseudomonas*. The bacterial concentration was adjusted to 1 × 10⁻⁶ using spectrophotometry. 7 Cells / mL. Each sample was immersed in the bacterial suspension for 5 hours, and the co-cultured bacterial solution was diluted 10,000 times. Then, 100 μL of the bacterial solution was evenly spread on LB agar and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Finally, the antibacterial rate was calculated using the formula: Antibacterial rate (%) = (N control group - N experimental group) / N control group × 100%;

[0096] The control group consisted of an uncoated metal substrate, while the experimental group consisted of antibacterial and anti-adhesion coatings prepared in Examples 1-8 and Comparative Examples 1-4.

[0097] 2. Antibacterial adhesion properties

[0098] First, the samples were placed in 48-well plates, and 1000 μL of diluted bacterial suspension was added. The plates were then co-cultured at 37°C for 24 h. Subsequently, the samples were ultrasonically cleaned for 8 min to remove surface bacteria, and the collected bacterial suspension was diluted 500-fold. Then, 100 μL of the bacterial suspension was evenly spread onto LB agar, and the plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Finally, the antibacterial adhesion rate was calculated using the formula: Adhesion rate (%) = (Ncontrol group - Nexperimental group) / Ncontrol group × 100%.

[0099] The control group consisted of an uncoated metal substrate, while the experimental group consisted of antibacterial and anti-adhesion coatings prepared in Examples 1-8 and Comparative Examples 1-4.

[0100] 3. Self-updating capability test

[0101] After immersing the antibacterial and anti-adhesion coatings prepared in Examples 1-8 in seawater for 24 hours, the surface condition of the coatings was periodically observed with the naked eye to check for scratches, wear, fading, discoloration, blistering, peeling, etc. If the coating can automatically repair some minor surface damage within 24 hours and restore a relatively flat, smooth, and uniform surface, it indicates that it has a certain self-renewal ability. Tests showed that the products prepared using the technical solution of this application all have good self-renewal ability. The comparison of the coating prepared in Example 1 before and after the experiment is shown in Figure 4. As can be seen from Figure 4, the prepared coating can automatically repair itself during use and has excellent self-repair ability.

[0102] The results are shown in Table 2;

[0103] Table 2

[0104] As can be seen from Table 2, when the technical solution of this application is adopted, the obtained product has excellent antibacterial and anti-adhesion properties, and the mechanical strength retention rate is high after being soaked in seawater; specifically, the antibacterial rate of the obtained product is above 49%, and the adhesion rate is below 51%; especially when the mass fraction of the components is further selected within the preferred range of this application, the antibacterial rate of the obtained product is above 67%, and the adhesion rate is below 33%.

[0105] As can be seen from Examples 1 and Comparative Examples 1-2, the antibacterial rate of the obtained products is significantly reduced when neither the zwitterionic polymer nor the polypyrrole / barium titanate composite particles are added. As can be seen from Examples 1 and Comparative Examples 3, when the mass fraction of the polypyrrole / barium titanate composite particles is outside the range given in this application, the antibacterial rate of the obtained products decreases due to the large-scale agglomeration of particles. As can be seen from Examples 1 and Comparative Examples 4, when no primer is introduced, the coating of the obtained products is easy to peel off, and there is basically no antibacterial rate. As can be seen from Examples 1 and Comparative Examples 5-6, when other similar substances are used to replace the zwitterionic copolymer or the polypyrrole / barium titanate composite particles in this application, the performance of the obtained products is not as good as that of Example 1.

[0106] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application and not to limit the scope of protection of this application. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of this application without departing from the substance and scope of the technical solutions of this application.

Claims

1. An antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating, characterized in that, The antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part zwitterionic copolymer, 1-3 parts polyvinylpyrrolidone, 0.01-0.1 parts polypyrrole / barium titanate composite particles, and 10-25 parts dimethyl sulfoxide; The monomers of the zwitterionic copolymer include tertiary carboxybetaine triisopropylsilyl ester ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and 2-methylene-1,3-dioxane.

2. The antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part zwitterionic copolymer, 1.5-2.0 parts polyvinylpyrrolidone, 0.03-0.08 parts polypyrrole / barium titanate composite particles, and 15-20 parts dimethyl sulfoxide.

3. The antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the total mass of the raw materials of the antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating, the mass percentage of polypyrrole / barium titanate composite particles is 0.08-0.35%.

4. The antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the zwitterionic copolymer includes the following steps: dissolving tert-carboxybetaine triisopropylsilyl ester ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and 2-methylene-1,3-dioxane in dioxane to obtain a solution; then degassing the solution; after degassing, polymerizing the solution under an inert gas environment; after the polymerization reaction, adding the resulting reaction system to hexane to precipitate the precipitate; finally collecting and drying the precipitate to obtain the zwitterionic copolymer. And / or, the preparation method of the polypyrrole / barium titanate composite particles includes the following steps: adding ferric chloride aqueous solution and barium titanate aqueous dispersion to polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution and stirring; after stirring, adding pyridine and continuing stirring to react; after the reaction is completed, drying to obtain polypyrrole / barium titanate composite particles.

5. The application of the antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating as described in any one of claims 1-4 in the preparation of antibacterial and anti-adhesion coatings.

6. An antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating, characterized in that, The antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating includes a primer coating and a topcoat coating, wherein the topcoat coating includes the antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating as described in any one of claims 1-4.

7. The method for preparing the antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The preparation method includes the following steps: applying the antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating as described in any one of claims 1-4 onto a primer coating and then immersing it in water to obtain an antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The primer is an epoxy resin primer.

9. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The soaking time is 20-28 hours.

10. The application of the antibacterial and anti-adhesion coating as described in claim 6 in the preparation of marine structures.

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