Antibodies binding tslpr and uses thereof
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2026/080280
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2025-02-28
- Filing Date
- 2026-02-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-03
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Figure PCTCN2026080280-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2026080280-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2026080280-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
ANTIBODIES BINDING TSLPR AND USES THEREOF
[0001] This application claims priority to US provisional application No. 63 / 764,653 filed February 28, 2025. REFERENCE TO A “SEQUENCE LISTING”
[0002] The instant application contains a Sequence Listing XML labeled “55532-00200SequenceListingXML” which was created on February 12, 2026 and is 29 kb in size. The entire content of the sequence listing is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0003] The present disclosure relates generally to an isolated monoclonal antibody, particularly a human monoclonal antibody, or an antigen-binding portion thereof, that specifically binds to the TSLP receptor (TSLPR) . A nucleic acid molecule encoding the antibody or the antigen-binding portion thereof, an expression vector, a host cell and a method for expressing the antibody or the antigen-binding portion thereof are also provided. The present disclosure further provides a bispecific molecule, and a pharmaceutical composition which may comprise the antibody or the antigen-binding portion thereof, as well as a treatment method using the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof of the disclosure.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0004] Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an IL-2 family cytokine known to induce type 2 immunity in various diseases (Kabata, H., et al., (2020) Targeted deletion of the TSLP receptor reveals cellular mechanisms that promote type 2 airway inflammation. Mucosal Immunol 13: 626–636) . It is mainly expressed by skin keratinocytes, epithelial cells in the lung and gut, and dendritic cells (DCs) , and initiates signaling by binding to the TSLP receptor (TSLPR) and then recruiting IL-7Rα to the TSLP: TSLPR complex, triggering the activation of JAK1 / JAK2 and phosphorylation of STAT5 (Rochman Y, et al., (2010) Thymic stromal lymphopoietin-mediated STAT5 phosphorylation via kinases JAK1 and JAK2 reveals a key difference from IL-7-induced signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 107 (45) : 19455-60) . The expression of TSLPR is found on various hematopoietic cell populations, including T cells, B cells, NK cells, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils and DCs, and also certain non-hematopoietic cell lineages such as epithelial cells. Accumulating evidence suggests TSLP participates in B cell progenitor proliferation and differentiation, immature DC activation, CD4+ T cell homeostasis and regulatory T (Treg) cell development ( I, Savvides SN. (2020) Modulation of Signaling Mediated by TSLP and IL-7 in Inflammation, Autoimmune Diseases, and Cancer. Front Immunol. 11: 1557) .
[0005] Aberrant TSLP signaling is involved in pathophysiology of allergic inflammatory diseases of the airways, skin and gut, including asthma, atopic dermatitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and inflammatory bowel disease (Ebina-Shibuya R, et al. (2023) Role of thymic stromal lymphopoietin in allergy and beyond. Nat Rev Immunol. 23 (1) : 24-37) . The TSLP signaling has also been linked to autoimmune diseases. For example, TSLP was reported to cause psoriasis by modulating IL-23 expression by DCs, and serum TSLP levels correlate to the severity of psoriasis (Suwarsa O, et al., (2019) Skin tissue expression and serum level of thymic stromal lymphopoietin in patients with psoriasis vulgaris. Dermatol Rep. 11: 8006) . High TSLP levels as well as TSLPR overexpression on myeloid dendritic cells were found in synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients (Koyama K, et al., (2007) A possible role for TSLP in inflammatory arthritis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 357: 99–104; Moret FM, et al., (2014) Thymic stromal lymphopoietin, a novel proinflammatory mediator in rheumatoid arthritis that potently activates CD1c+ myeloid dendritic cells to attract and stimulate T cells. Arthritis Rheumatol. 66: 1176–84) . Furthermore, TSLP is being intensively studied in the context of cancer. TSLP may drive progression of breast and pancreatic cancers, but provide tumor protective effects in other cancers (De Monte, L. et al., (2011) Intratumor T helper type 2 cell infiltrate correlates with cancer-associated fibroblast thymic stromal lymphopoietin production and reduced survival in pancreatic cancer. J. Exp. Med. 208: 469–478; Pedroza-Gonzalez, A. et al., (2011) Thymic stromal lymphopoietin fosters human breast tumor growth by promoting type 2 inflammation. J. Exp. Med. 208: 479–490) .
[0006] Therapeutics targeting TSLP and TSLPR have been or are being developed. Tezepelumab, an anti-TSLP antibody, was approved by US Food and Drug Administration in December 2021 to treat severe asthma in patients 12 years and older. Verekitug, also known as UPB-101 or RG7258, is a fully human IgG1 antibody that blocks the human TSLPR and inhibits TSLP-driven inflammation. It is currently under Phase 2 clinical trials for patients of severe asthma or chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and was estimated to outcompete Tezepelumab in asthma treatment potency.
[0007] In despite of the current development in the field, more therapeutics are needed to prevent relapse or main remission in patients with TSLP or TSLPR-related diseases.
[0008] Citation or identification of any document in this application is not an admission that such document is available as prior art to the present invention.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] The present disclosure provides an isolated monoclonal antibody, for example, a chimeric or fully human antibody, or an antigen-binding portion thereof, that is able to specifically bind to the TSLPR, e.g., the human or the cynomolgus TSLPR protein, and block TSLP-TSLPR binding or interaction, to down-regulate or attenuate the TSLP-or TSLPR-mediated signaling.
[0010] Particularly, the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof of the disclosure may have i) comparable, if not higher, binding affinity / capability to the recombinant human or monkey TSLPR protein, ii) comparable, if not higher, binding affinity / capability to the human or monkey IL-7Rα protein on cell surfaces, iii) comparable, if not higher, activity to block TSLP-TSLPR binding / interaction, and / or iv) comparable, if not higher, activity to inhibit TSLP-mediated TSLPR+ cell proliferation or activation, as compared to prior art anti-TSLPR antibodies such as Verekitug. The antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof of the disclosure also has higher blocking activity on TSLP-TSLPR binding / interaction, and thus higher activity to inhibit TSLP-mediated TSLPR+ cell proliferation or activation, than the anti-TSLP antibodies such as Tezepelumab. The TSLPR+ cell may be an immune cell, such as a dendritic cell.
[0011] Particularly, the antibody or the antigen-binding portion thereof of the disclosure may have higher binding affinity to the recombinant monkey TSLPR protein, and higher binding activity the cell surface TSLPR protein, than the prior art anti-TSLPR antibodies such as Verekitug.
[0012] The antibody or antigen-binding portion of the disclosure can be used for a variety of applications, including detection of human and / or monkey TSLPR proteins in vitro, and suppression of TSLP-mediated TSLPR+ cell proliferation or activation. The antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof of the disclosure may be used to treat inflammatory diseases and auto-immune diseases.
[0013] Accordingly, in one aspect, the disclosure pertains to an isolated monoclonal antibody (e.g., a chimeric or fully human antibody) , or an antigen-binding portion thereof, that is able to specifically bind the TSLPR protein, e.g., the human TSLPR protein or the monkey TSLPR protein, comprising (i) a heavy chain variable region that may comprise a VH CDR1 region, a VH CDR2 region and a VH CDR3 region, and ii) a light chain variable region that may comprise a VL CDR1 region, a VL CDR2 region and a VL CDR3 region, wherein the VH CDR1 region, the VH CDR2 region, the VH CDR3 region, the VL CDR1 region, the VL CDR2 region and the VL CDR3 region may comprise amino acid sequences having at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or 100%sequence identity to RYVIH (SEQ ID NO: 1) , WITAGNXNTKYSQKFQD (SEQ ID NO: 2, X is G, A or S) , DIVVVPGAMDY (SEQ ID NO: 3) , RSSQNIX1X2X3FLN (SEQ ID NO: 4, X1, X2 and X3 are D, N and F, respectively; D, A and F, respectively; D, T and F, respectively; D, Q and F, respectively; or E, N and L, respectively) , STSSLQS (SEQ ID NO: 5) and QHTYSTPFT (SEQ ID NO: 6) , respectively. In certain embodiments, X1, X2 and X3 in SEQ ID NO: 4 are D, N and F, respectively, when X in SEQ ID NO: 2 is G. In certain embodiments, X1, X2 and X3 in SEQ ID NO: 4 are D, A and F, respectively; D, T and F, respectively; D, Q and F, respectively; or E, N and L, respectively, when X in SEQ ID NO: 2 is A. In certain embodiments, X1, X2 and X3 in SEQ ID NO: 4 are D, A and F, respectively, when X in SEQ ID NO: 2 is S.
[0014] The heavy chain variable region may comprise an amino acid sequence having at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NOs: 7, 21 or 22.
[0015] The light chain variable region may comprise an amino acid sequence having at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or 100%identity to SEQ ID NOs: 8, 23, 24, 25 or 26.
[0016] The heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region may comprise amino acid sequences having at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or 100%identity to i) SEQ ID NOs: 7 and 8, respectively; ii) SEQ ID NOs: 21 and 23, respectively; iii) SEQ ID NOs: 21 and 24, respectively; iv) SEQ ID NOs: 21 and 25, respectively; v) SEQ ID NOs: 21 and 26, respectively; or vi) SEQ ID NOs: 22 and 23, respectively.
[0017] The isolated monoclonal antibody, or the antigen-binding portion thereof, of the present disclosure may further comprise a heavy chain constant region, linked to the heavy chain variable region. The heavy chain constant region may comprise Fc receptor and / or complement system protein binding affinity. The heavy chain constant region may comprise FcR binding affinity. In certain embodiments, the heavy chain constant region may comprise FcγR and / or complement system protein binding affinity, e.g., an IgG1 constant region such as a human IgG1 constant region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9, or a functional fragment thereof. In certain embodiments, the heavy chain constant region may comprise reduced or no FcγR binding affinity and enhanced FcRn binding affinity, e.g., an IgG1 constant region, e.g., a human IgG1 constant region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10, or a functional fragment thereof. The isolated monoclonal antibody, or the antigen-binding portion thereof, of the present disclosure may further comprise a light chain constant region, linked to the light chain variable region. The light chain constant region may be a kappa or lambda light chain constant region, or a functional fragment thereof. In certain embodiments, the light chain constant region may be a human kappa light chain constant region, comprising e.g., the SEQ ID NO: 11.
[0018] The antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof of the present disclosure, in certain embodiments, may comprise or consist of two heavy chains and two light chains, wherein each heavy chain may comprise the heavy chain constant region, heavy chain variable region or CDR sequences mentioned above, and each light chain may comprise the light chain constant region, light chain variable region or CDR sequences mentioned above, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof is able to bind to the TSLPR protein. The antibody or the antigen-binding portion thereof of the present disclosure, in other embodiments, may be a single chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody, or antibody fragments, such as Fab or F (ab’) 2 fragments.
[0019] The antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof may be antagonistic. In certain embodiments, it is able to block the TSLP-TSLPR binding / interaction. In certain embodiments, it is able to block TSLPR signaling that may be initiated by TSLP.
[0020] The disclosure also provides a bi-specific or multi-specific molecule that may comprise the antibody, or the antigen-binding portion thereof, of the disclosure, linked to a second functional moiety (e.g., a second antibody or its antigen binding portion thereof) having a different binding specificity than the antibody, or antigen-binding portion thereof of the disclosure. The second functional moiety may target a disease associated antigen, e.g., an inflammatory disease or auto-immune disease associated antigen. The present disclosure may provide an immunoconjugate, comprising the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof of the disclosure, and an effector molecule which may be a therapeutic agent selected from the group consisting of a drug, a toxic agent (e.g., a cytotoxic agent) , a radioisotope, a protein, a peptide, and a nucleic acid. The antibody or the antigen binding portion thereof of the present disclosure can be made into part of a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) . Also provided is an immune cell that may comprise the antigen chimeric receptor, such as a T cell and a NK cell. The antibody or the antigen binding portion thereof of the disclosure can also be encoded by or used in conjunction with an oncolytic virus.
[0021] The disclosure further provides a nucleic acid molecule that may encode the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof, of the disclosure, as well as an expression vector that may comprise such a nucleic acid molecule and a host cell that may comprise such an expression vector or have the nucleic acid molecule integrated into its genome. A method for preparing the anti-TSLPR antibody or antigen binding portion thereof using the host cell of the disclosure is provided, comprising steps of (i) expressing the antibody or antigen binding portion thereof, of the disclosure, in the host cell, and (ii) isolating the antibody or antigen binding portion thereof, of the disclosure, from the host cell or its cell culture.
[0022] The disclosure provides a composition comprising the antibody or antigen binding portion thereof, the bi-specific or multi-specific molecule, the CAR, the immune cell carrying the CAR, the oncolytic virus, the nucleic acid molecule, the expression vector, or the host cell of the disclosure. The composition may be a pharmaceutical composition that may further comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0023] In yet another aspect, the disclosure provides a method for treating a disease associated with TSLP-or TSLPR-mediated signaling in a subject in need thereof, which may comprise administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure.
[0024] The disease may be an inflammatory disease, e.g., an inflammatory allergic disease, including, but not limited to, asthma, atopic dermatitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and inflammatory bowel disease. In certain embodiments, the disease may be asthma. In certain embodiments, the antibody or antigen binding portion thereof, in the pharmaceutical composition may comprise a heavy chain constant region with reduced or no FcγR binding affinity, and optionally enhanced FcRn binding affinity.
[0025] The disease may be an auto-immune disease, including, but not limited to, psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis. In certain embodiments, the antibody or antigen binding portion thereof, in the pharmaceutical composition may comprise a heavy chain constant region with reduced or no FcγR binding affinity, and optionally enhanced FcRn binding affinity.
[0026] The disease may be a TSLPR+ cancer.
[0027] The disclosure also provides a method for suppressing or reversing TSLP-mediated TSLPR+cell proliferation, or a method for suppressing or reversing TSLP-mediated TSLPR+ cell activation, comprising contacting the TSLPR+ cell with the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof, or the composition of the disclosure. The TSLPR+ cell may be a TSLPR+ immune cell, e.g., a dendritic cell. The method, in certain embodiments, may comprise administering to a subject in need thereof of the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition of the disclosure. In certain embodiments, the antibody or antigen binding portion thereof, of the disclosure may comprise a heavy chain constant region with reduced or no FcγR binding affinity, and optionally enhanced FcRn binding affinity.
[0028] In yet another aspect, the disclosure provides a method for down-regulating (e.g., reducing or eliminating) undesired (e.g., excessive) TSLP-or TSLPR-mediated immune responses in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition may comprise the antibody or antigen binding portion thereof of the disclosure comprising a heavy chain constant region with reduced or no FcγR binding affinity, and optionally enhanced FcRn binding affinity.
[0029] The disclosure also provides the use of the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition of the disclosure in treating a disease associated with TSLP-or TSLPR-mediated signaling, suppressing or reversing TSLP-mediated TSLPR+ cell proliferation, suppressing or reversing TSLP-mediated TSLPR+ cell activation, or down-regulating (e.g., reducing or eliminating) undesired (e.g., excessive) TSLP-or TSLPR-mediated immune responses.
[0030] Other features and advantages of the instant disclosure will be apparent from the following detailed description and examples, which should not be construed as limiting. The contents of all references, Genbank entries, patents and published patent applications cited throughout this application are expressly incorporated herein by reference.
[0031] Accordingly, it is an object of the invention not to encompass within the invention any previously known product, process of making the product, or method of using the product such that Applicants reserve the right and hereby disclose a disclaimer of any previously known product, process, or method. It is further noted that the invention does not intend to encompass within the scope of the invention any product, process, or making of the product or method of using the product, which does not meet the written description and enablement requirements of the USPTO (35 U.S.C. §112, first paragraph) or the EPO (Article 83 of the EPC) , such that Applicants reserve the right and hereby disclose a disclaimer of any previously described product, process of making the product, or method of using the product. It may be advantageous in the practice of the invention to be in compliance with Art. 53(c) EPC and Rule 28 (b) and (c) EPC. All rights to explicitly disclaim any embodiments that are the subject of any granted patent (s) of applicant in the lineage of this application or in any other lineage or in any prior filed application of any third party is explicitly reserved. Nothing herein is to be construed as a promise.
[0032] It is noted that in this disclosure and particularly in the claims and / or paragraphs, terms such as "comprises" , "comprised" , "comprising" and the like can have the meaning attributed to it in U.S. Patent law; e.g., they can mean "includes" , "included" , "including" , and the like; and that terms such as "consisting essentially of" and "consists essentially of" have the meaning ascribed to them in U.S. Patent law, e.g., they allow for elements not explicitly recited, but exclude elements that are found in the prior art or that affect a basic or novel characteristic of the invention.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0033] The following detailed description, given by way of example, but not intended to limit the invention solely to the specific embodiments described, may best be understood in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0034] FIGs. 1A-1B show the binding capability of the antibodies C1H2H4C2, C1H2H4C2-CDRV11, C1H2H4C2-CDRV12, C1H2H4C2-CDRV13 (A) and C1H2H4C2-CDRV14, C1H2H4C2-CDRV21 (B) to the recombinant human TSLPR protein in an indirect ELISA.
[0035] FIGs. 2A-2B show the ability of the antibodies C1H2H4C2, C1H2H4C2-CDRV11, C1H2H4C2-CDRV12, C1H2H4C2-CDRV13 (A) and C1H2H4C2-CDRV21 (B) to block benchmark-human TSLPR binding in a competitive ELISA.
[0036] FIGs. 3A-3B show the binding capability of the antibodies C1H2H4C2, C1H2H4C2-CDRV11, C1H2H4C2-CDRV12, C1H2H4C2-CDRV13 (A) and C1H2H4C2-CDRV14, C1H2H4C2-CDRV21 (B) to human TSLPR / IL7R-expressing BAF3-TSLPR / IL7R-3E6 cells in a cell based binding FACS assay.
[0037] FIGs. 4A-4B show the blocking ability of antibodies C1H2H4C2, C1H2H4C2-CDRV11, C1H2H4C2-CDRV12, C1H2H4C2-CDRV13 (A) and C1H2H4C2-CDRV21 (B) on binding of human TSLP to human TSLPR / IL7R-expressing BAF3-TSLPR / IL7R-3E6 cells in a cell-based ligand blocking FACS assay.
[0038] FIGs. 5A-5B show the inhibitory activity of the antibodies C1H2H4C2, C1H2H4C2-CDRV11, C1H2H4C2-CDRV12, C1H2H4C2-CDRV13, C1H2H4C2-CDRV14, C1H2H4C2-CDRV21 (A) and C1H2H4C2-CDRV11-G1-9 (B) on TSLP-mediated BAF3-TSLPR / IL7R-3E6 cell proliferation in a cell-based assay.
[0039] FIG. 6 shows the blocking ability of the antibodies C1H2H4C2, C1H2H4C2-CDRV11, C1H2H4C2-CDRV12, C1H2H4C2-CDRV13, C1H2H4C2-CDRV14 and C1H2H4C2-CDRV21 on TSLP-mediated STAT5-luc activation in a cell-based reporter assay.
[0040] FIG. 7 shows the inhibitory activity of C1H2H4C2, C1H2H4C2-CDRV11, C1H2H4C2-CDRV12, C1H2H4C2-CDRV13, C1H2H4C2-CDRV14 and C1H2H4C2-CDRV21 on TSLP-mediated CCL-17 release by human PBMCs.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0041] To ensure that the present disclosure may be more readily understood, certain terms are first defined. Additional definitions are set forth throughout the detailed description.
[0042] The term “TSLPR” refers to the thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor.
[0043] The term “human TSLPR” refers to the TSLPR protein having the amino acid sequence from human. The term “cynomolgus TSLPR” refers to the TSLPR protein having the amino acid sequence from cynomolgus monkey.
[0044] The term “antibody” as used herein refers to an immunoglobulin molecule that recognizes and specifically binds a target, such as TSLPR, through at least one antigen-binding site wherein the antigen-binding site is usually within the variable region of the immunoglobulin molecule. As used herein, the term encompasses intact polyclonal antibodies, intact monoclonal antibodies, single-chain Fv (scFv) antibodies, heavy chain antibodies (HCAbs) , light chain antibodies (LCAbs) , bispecific antibodies, bispecific antibodies, monospecific antibodies, monovalent antibodies, fusion proteins comprising an antigen-binding site of an antibody, and any other modified immunoglobulin molecule comprising an antigen-binding site (e.g., dual variable domain immunoglobulin molecules) as long as the antibodies exhibit the desired biological activity. Antibodies also include, but are not limited to, chimeric antibodies, and human antibodies. An antibody can be any of the five major classes of immunoglobulins: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM, or subclasses (isotypes) thereof (e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1 and IgA2) , based on the identity of their heavy-chain constant domains referred to as alpha, delta, epsilon, gamma, and mu, respectively. The different classes of immunoglobulins have different and well-known subunit structures and three-dimensional configurations. Antibodies can be naked or conjugated to other molecules, including but not limited to, toxins and radioisotopes. Unless expressly indicated otherwise, the term “antibody” as used herein include “antigen-binding portion” of the intact antibodies. An IgG antibody is a glycoprotein which may comprise two heavy (H) chains and two light (L) chains inter-connected by disulfide bonds. Each heavy chain may be comprised of a heavy chain variable region (abbreviated herein as VH) and a heavy chain constant region. The heavy chain constant region may be comprised of three domains, CH1, CH2 and CH3. Each light chain may be comprised of a light chain variable region (abbreviated herein as VL) and a light chain constant region. The light chain constant region may be comprised of one domain, CL. The VH and VL regions can be further subdivided into regions of hypervariability, termed complementarity determining regions (CDR) , interspersed with regions that are more conserved, termed framework regions (FR) . Each VH and VL is composed of three CDRs and four FRs, arranged from amino-terminus to carboxy-terminus in the following order: FR1, CDR1, FR2, CDR2, FR3, CDR3, FR4. The variable regions of the heavy and light chains contain a binding domain that interacts with an antigen. The constant regions of the antibodies can mediate the binding of the immunoglobulin to host tissues or factors, including various cells of the immune system (e.g., effector cells) and the first component (C1q) of the classical complement system. A “functional fragment” of a heavy chain constant region refers to a part of the heavy chain constant region that retains certain characteristics of the heavy chain constant region, e.g., the ability to bind to host tissues or factors, to stabilize the antibody structure, or to prolong antibody’s half-life.
[0045] The term “antigen-binding portion” or “antigen-binding fragment” of an antibody (or simply “antibody portion” ) , as used herein, refers to one or more fragments of an antibody that retain the ability to specifically bind to an antigen (e.g., a TSLPR protein) . It has been shown that the antigen-binding function of an antibody can be performed by fragments of a full-length antibody. Examples of binding fragments encompassed within the term “antigen-binding portion” of an antibody include (i) a Fab fragment, a monovalent fragment consisting of the VL, VH, CL and CH1 domains; (ii) a F (ab') 2 fragment, a bivalent fragment which may comprise two Fab fragments linked by a disulfide bridge at the hinge region; (iii) a Fd fragment consisting of the VH and CH1 domains; (iv) a Fv fragment consisting of the VL and VH domains of a single arm of an antibody, (v) a dAb fragment, which consists of a VH domain; and (vi) an isolated complementarity determining region (CDR) . Furthermore, although the two domains of the Fv fragment, VL and VH, are coded by separate genes, they can be joined, using recombinant methods, by a synthetic linker that enables them to be made as a single protein chain in which the VL and VH regions pair to form monovalent molecules (known as single chain Fv (scFv) ) .
[0046] An “isolated antibody” , as used herein, is intended to refer to an antibody that is substantially free of other antibodies having different antigenic specificities (e.g., an isolated antibody that specifically binds a TSLPR protein is substantially free of antibodies that specifically bind antigens other than TSLPR proteins) . An isolated antibody that specifically binds a human TSLPR protein may, however, have cross-reactivity to other antigens, such as TSLPR proteins from other species. Moreover, an isolated antibody can be substantially free of other cellular material and / or chemicals.
[0047] The term “monoclonal antibody” as used herein refers to an antibody obtained from a population of substantially homogeneous antibodies, i.e., the individual antibodies comprising the population are identical except for possible naturally occurring mutations and / or post-translation modifications (e.g., isomerizations, amidations) that may be present in minor amounts. Monoclonal antibodies are highly specific, being directed against a single antigenic site. In contrast to polyclonal antibody preparations which typically include different antibodies directed against different determinants (epitopes) , each monoclonal antibody is directed against a single determinant on the antigen. In addition to their specificity, the monoclonal antibodies are advantageous in that they are synthesized by the hybridoma culture, uncontaminated by other immunoglobulins.
[0048] The term “chimeric antibody” refers to an antibody made by combining genetic material from a nonhuman source with genetic material from a human being. Or more generally, a chimeric antibody is an antibody having genetic material from a certain species with genetic material from another species.
[0049] The term “human antibody” or “fully human antibody” , is intended to include antibodies having variable regions in which both the framework and CDR regions are derived from human germline immunoglobulin sequences. Furthermore, if the antibody contains a constant region, the constant region also is derived from human germline immunoglobulin sequences. The human antibodies of the disclosure can include amino acid residues not encoded by human germline immunoglobulin sequences (e.g., mutations introduced by random or site-specific mutagenesis in vitro or by somatic mutation in vivo) . However, the term “human antibody” , as used herein, is not intended to include antibodies in which CDR sequences derived from the germline of another mammalian species have been grafted onto human framework sequences.
[0050] The term "isotype" refers to the antibody class (e.g., IgM or IgG1) that is encoded by the heavy chain constant region genes.
[0051] As used herein, an antibody that “specifically binds to human TSLPR” is intended to refer to an antibody that binds to human TSLPR protein (and possibly a TSLPR protein from one or more non-human species) but does not substantially bind to non-TSLPR proteins. Preferably, the antibody binds to human TSLPR protein with “high affinity” , namely with a KD of 5.0 ×10-10 M or less, more preferably 1.0 ×10-10 M or less.
[0052] The term “down-regulate” , “down-regulating” or “down-regulation” herein refers to a process associated with reduced responsiveness of certain cells, including reduced activity or function of certain cells. In certain embodiments, the cells causing undesired (e.g., excessive) inflammation or immune responses are down-regulated.
[0053] The term “EC50” , also known as half maximal effective concentration, refers to the concentration of a molecule, e.g., an antibody or an antigen-binding portion thereof of the disclosure, which induces a response halfway between the baseline and maximum after a specified exposure time.
[0054] The term “IC50” , also known as half maximal inhibitory concentration, refers to the concentration of a molecule, e.g., an antibody or an antigen-binding portion thereof of the disclosure, which inhibits a specific biological or biochemical function by 50%relative to the absence of the molecule.
[0055] The term "identity" or “sequence identity” as used in the present invention refers to sequence similarity between two polynucleotide sequences or between two amino acid sequences. The percent identity can be measured using sequence comparison software or algorithms or by visual inspection. Various algorithms and software that can be used to obtain alignments of amino acid or nucleotide sequences are well-known in the art. These include, but are not limited to, BLAST, ALIGN, Megalign, BestFit, GCG Wisconsin Package, and variants thereof.
[0056] The term “subject” includes any human or nonhuman animal. The term “nonhuman animal” includes all vertebrates, e.g., mammals and non-mammals, such as non-human primates, sheep, dogs, cats, cows, horses, chickens, amphibians, and reptiles, although mammals are preferred, such as non-human primates, sheep, dogs, cats, cows and horses.
[0057] The term “therapeutically effective amount” means an amount of a molecule or a composition, e.g., the antibody or the antigen binding portion, of the present disclosure, sufficient to prevent or ameliorate the symptoms associated with a disease or condition (such as an inflammatory disease or an auto-immune disease) and / or lessen the severity of the disease or condition. A therapeutically effective amount is understood to be in context to the condition being treated, where the actual effective amount is readily discerned by those of skill in the art.
[0058] As used herein, the term “treatment / treating” refers to a method that is carried out to obtain a beneficial or desired clinical outcome. For the purpose of the disclosure, the beneficial or desired clinical outcome includes, but not limited to, easing symptom, narrowing the scope of disease, stabilizing (i.e., not aggravating) the state of disease, delaying or slowing the progress of disease, and alleviating symptoms (either partially or completely) , no matter detectable or not detectable. In addition, “treatment” also refers to a prolonged survival period compared to the expected survival period (if no treatment is accepted) .
[0059] Various aspects of the disclosure are described below in further detail.
[0060] The antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof of the disclosure may have i) comparable, if not higher, binding affinity / capability to the recombinant human or monkey TSLPR protein, ii) comparable, if not higher, binding affinity / capability to the human or monkey IL-7Rα protein on cell surfaces, iii) comparable, if not higher, activity to block TSLP-TSLPR binding / interaction, and / or iv) comparable, if not higher, activity to inhibit TSLP-mediated TSLPR+ cell proliferation or activation, as compared to prior art anti-TSLPR antibodies such as Verekitug. The antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof of the disclosure also has higher blocking activity on TSLP-TSLPR binding / interaction, and thus higher activity to inhibit TSLP-mediated TSLPR+ cell proliferation or activation, than the anti-TSLP antibodies such as Tezepelumab. The TSLPR+ cell may be an immune cell, such as a dendritic cell.
[0061] The antibody or antigen binding portion thereof of the disclosure may be chimeric or human.
[0062] The antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof of the disclosure may be antagonistic, suppressing TSLP-triggered signaling.
[0063] The antibody or antigen binding portion thereof of the disclosure is structurally and chemically characterized below. The amino acid sequence ID numbers of the heavy / light chain variable regions and CDRs of the antibodies or antigen binding portions thereof of the disclosure are summarized in Table 1 below, some antibodies sharing the same VH or VL.
[0064] The heavy chain variable region CDRs and the light chain variable region CDRs in Table 1 have been defined by the Kabat numbering system. However, as is well known in the art, CDR regions can also be determined by other systems such as Chothia, and IMGT, AbM, or Contact numbering system / method, based on heavy chain / light chain variable region sequences.
[0065] An antibody of the disclosure may comprise a heavy and / or light chain variable region sequences of CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 sequences which differ from those of the anti-TSLPR antibodies of the present disclosure by one or more conservative modifications. It is understood in the art that certain conservative sequence modification can be made which do not remove antigen binding.
[0066] Accordingly, in one embodiment, the antibody or the antigen-binding portion thereof may comprise a heavy chain variable region which may comprise CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences and / or a light chain variable region which may comprise CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 sequences, wherein: (a) the heavy chain variable region CDR1, and / or CDR2, and / or CDR3 sequences may comprise the sequence (s) listed in Table 1, and / or conservative modifications thereof; and / or (b) the light chain variable region CDR1, and / or CDR2, and / or CDR3 sequences may comprise the sequence (s) listed in Table 1; and / or conservative modifications thereof; and (c) the antibody or the antigen-binding portion thereof specifically binds human TSLPR.
[0067] As used herein, the term “conservative sequence modifications” is intended to refer to amino acid modifications that do not significantly affect or alter the binding characteristics of the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof containing the amino acid sequence. Such conservative modifications include amino acid substitutions, additions and deletions. Modifications can be introduced into an antibody or an antigen-binding portion thereof of the disclosure by standard techniques known in the art, such as site-directed mutagenesis and PCR-mediated mutagenesis. Conservative amino acid substitutions are ones in which the amino acid residue is replaced with an amino acid residue having a similar side chain. Families of amino acid residues having similar side chains have been defined in the art. These families include amino acids with basic side chains (e.g., lysine, arginine, histidine) , acidic side chains (e.g., aspartic acid, glutamic acid) , uncharged polar side chains (e.g., glycine, asparagine, glutamine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, cysteine, tryptophan) , nonpolar side chains (e.g., alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, phenylalanine, methionine) , beta-branched side chains (e.g., threonine, valine, isoleucine) and aromatic side chains (e.g., tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, histidine) . Thus, one or more amino acid residues within the CDR regions of an antibody or an antigen-binding portion thereof of the disclosure can be replaced with other amino acid residues from the same side chain family and the altered antibody can be tested for retained function (i.e., the functions set forth above) using the functional assays described herein.
[0068] Antibodies of the disclosure can be prepared using an antibody having one or more of the VH / VL sequences of the anti-TSLPR antibody of the present disclosure as the starting material. An antibody can be engineered by modifying one or more residues within one or both variable regions (i.e., VH and / or VL) , for example within one or more CDR regions and / or within one or more framework regions. Additionally or alternatively, an antibody can be engineered by modifying residues within the constant region (s) , for example to alter the effector function (s) of the antibody.
[0069] A type of variable region modification is to mutate amino acid residues within the VH and / or VL CDR1, CDR2 and / or CDR3 regions to thereby improve one or more binding properties (e.g., affinity) of the antibody of interest. Site-directed mutagenesis or PCR-mediated mutagenesis can be performed to introduce the mutation (s) and the effect on antibody binding, or other functional property of interest, can be evaluated in in vitro or in vivo assays as known in the art. Preferably conservative modifications (as known in the art) are introduced. The mutations can be amino acid substitutions, additions or deletions, but are preferably substitutions. Moreover, typically no more than one, two, three, four or five residues within a CDR region are altered.
[0070] Accordingly, in another embodiment, the disclosure provides isolated anti-TSLPR monoclonal antibodies, or antigen binding portions thereof, which may comprise a heavy chain variable region that may comprise: (a) a VH CDR1 region which may comprise the sequence of the present disclosure, or an amino acid sequence having one, two, three, four or five amino acid substitutions, deletions or additions; (b) a VH CDR2 region which may comprise the sequence of the present disclosure, or an amino acid sequence having one, two, three, four or five amino acid substitutions, deletions or additions; (c) a VH CDR3 region which may comprise the sequence of the present disclosure, or an amino acid sequence having one, two, three, four or five amino acid substitutions, deletions or additions; (d) a VL CDR1 region which may comprise the sequence of the present disclosure, or an amino acid sequence having one, two, three, four or five amino acid substitutions, deletions or additions; (e) a VL CDR2 region which may comprise the sequence of the present disclosure, or an amino acid sequence having one, two, three, four or five amino acid substitutions, deletions or additions; and (f) a VL CDR3 region which may comprise the sequence of the present disclosure, or an amino acid sequence having one, two, three, four or five amino acid substitutions, deletions or additions.
[0071] Engineered antibodies of the disclosure include those in which modifications have been made to framework residues within VH and / or VL, e.g., to improve the properties of the antibody.
[0072] Another type of framework modification involves mutating one or more residues within the framework region, or even within one or more CDR regions, to remove T cell epitopes to thereby reduce the potential immunogenicity of the antibody. This approach is also referred to as “deimmunization” and is described in further detail in U.S. Patent Publication No. 20030153043.
[0073] In addition, or as an alternative to modifications made within the framework or CDR regions, antibodies of the disclosure can be engineered to include modifications within the Fc region, typically to alter one or more functional properties of the antibody, such as serum half-life, complement fixation, Fc receptor binding, and / or antigen-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Furthermore, an antibody of the disclosure can be chemically modified (e.g., one or more chemical moieties can be attached to the antibody) or be modified to alter its glycosylation, again to alter one or more functional properties of the antibody.
[0074] In one embodiment, the hinge region of CH1 is modified in such that the number of cysteine residues in the hinge region is altered, e.g., increased or decreased. This approach is described further in U.S. Pat. No. 5,677,425. The number of cysteine residues in the hinge region of CH1 is altered to, for example, facilitate assembly of the light and heavy chains or to increase or decrease the stability of the antibody.
[0075] In another embodiment, the Fc hinge region of an antibody is mutated to increase or decrease the biological half-life of the antibody. More specifically, one or more amino acid mutations are introduced into the CH2-CH3 domain interface region of the Fc-hinge fragment such that the antibody has impaired Staphylococcyl protein A (SpA) binding relative to native Fc-hinge domain SpA binding. This approach is described in further detail in U.S. Pat. No. 6,165,745.
[0076] In still another embodiment, the glycosylation of an antibody is modified. For example, an aglycosylated antibody can be made (i.e., the antibody lacks glycosylation) . Glycosylation can be altered to, for example, increase the affinity of the antibody for antigen. Such carbohydrate modifications can be accomplished by, for example, altering one or more sites of glycosylation within the antibody sequence.
[0077] Additionally or alternatively, an antibody can be made that has an altered type of glycosylation, such as a hypofucosylated antibody having reduced amounts of fucosyl residues or an antibody having increased bisecting GlcNac structures. Such altered glycosylation patterns have been demonstrated to increase or reduce the ADCC ability of antibodies. Such carbohydrate modifications can be accomplished by, for example, expressing the antibody in a host cell with altered glycosylation machinery. Cells with altered glycosylation machinery have been described in the art and can be used as host cells in which to express recombinant antibodies of the disclosure to thereby produce an antibody with altered glycosylation. For example, the cell lines Ms704, Ms705, and Ms709 lack the fucosyltransferase gene, FUT8 (α (1, 6) -fucosyltransferase) , such that antibodies expressed in the Ms704, Ms705, and Ms709 cell lines lack fucose on their carbohydrates. The Ms704, Ms705, and Ms709 FUT8- / -cell lines were created by the targeted disruption of the FUT8 gene in CHO / DG44 cells using two replacement vectors (see U.S. Patent Publication No. 20040110704) .
[0078] Another modification of the antibodies herein that is contemplated by this disclosure is pegylation. An antibody can be pegylated to, for example, increase the biological (e.g., serum) half-life of the antibody. To pegylate an antibody, the antibody, or fragment thereof, typically is reacted with polyethylene glycol (PEG) , such as a reactive ester or aldehyde derivative of PEG, under conditions in which one or more PEG groups become attached to the antibody or antibody fragment. Preferably, the pegylation is carried out via an acylation reaction or an alkylation reaction with a reactive PEG molecule (or an analogous reactive water-soluble polymer) . As used herein, the term “polyethylene glycol” is intended to encompass any of the forms of PEG that have been used to derivatize other proteins, such as mono (C1-C10) alkoxy-or aryloxy-polyethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol-maleimide.
[0079] In a preferred embodiment, the antibodies do not contain asparagine (symbol N) or aspartic acid (symbol D) sites. The deamidation of asparagine may occur on N-G or N-Ssequences, and the isomerization of aspartic acid may occur on D-G or D-Ssequences and result in the creation of an isoaspartic acid residue that introduces a link into the polypeptide chain and decreases its stability (isoaspartic acid effect) .
[0080] In another aspect, the disclosure provides a nucleic acid molecule that encodes the heavy and / or light chain variable regions, or CDRs, of the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof of the disclosure. The nucleic acid molecule can be present in whole cells, in a cell lysate, or in a partially purified or substantially pure form. A nucleic acid molecule is “isolated” or “rendered substantially pure” when purified away from other cellular components or other contaminants, e.g., other cellular nucleic acids or proteins, by standard techniques. A nucleic acid molecule of the disclosure can be, e.g., DNA or RNA and may or may not contain intronic sequences.
[0081] The nucleic acid molecule of the disclosure can be obtained using standard molecular biology techniques. For antibodies expressed by hybridomas (e.g., hybridomas prepared from transgenic mice carrying human immunoglobulin genes as described further below) , cDNAs encoding the light and heavy chains of the antibody made by the hybridoma can be obtained by standard PCR amplification or cDNA cloning techniques. For antibodies obtained from an immunoglobulin gene library (e.g., using phage display techniques) , a nucleic acid molecule encoding such antibodies can be recovered from the gene library.
[0082] Preferred nucleic acids molecules of the disclosure include those encoding the VH and VL sequences of the anti-TSLPR monoclonal antibody or the CDRs. Once DNA fragments encoding VH and VL segments are obtained, these DNA fragments can be further manipulated by standard recombinant DNA techniques, for example to convert the variable region genes to full-length antibody chain genes, to Fab fragment genes or to a scFv gene. In these manipulations, a VL-or VH-encoding DNA fragment is operatively linked to another DNA fragment encoding another protein, such as an antibody constant region or a flexible linker. The term “operatively linked” , as used in this context, is intended to mean that the two DNA fragments are joined such that the amino acid sequences encoded by the two DNA fragments remain in-frame.
[0083] The isolated DNA encoding the VH region can be converted to a full-length heavy chain gene by operatively linking the VH-encoding DNA to another DNA molecule encoding heavy chain constant regions (CH1, CH2 and CH3) . The sequences of human heavy chain constant region genes are known in the art and DNA fragments encompassing these regions can be obtained by standard PCR amplification. The heavy chain constant region can be an IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA, IgE, IgM or IgD constant region, but most preferably is an IgG4 constant region. For a Fab fragment heavy chain gene, the VH-encoding DNA can be operatively linked to another DNA molecule encoding only the heavy chain CH1 constant region.
[0084] The isolated DNA encoding the VL region can be converted to a full-length light chain gene (as well as a Fab light chain gene) by operatively linking the VL-encoding DNA to another DNA molecule encoding the light chain constant region, CL. The sequences of human light chain constant region genes are known in the art and DNA fragments encompassing these regions can be obtained by standard PCR amplification. In preferred embodiments, the light chain constant region can be a kappa or lambda constant region.
[0085] To create a scFv gene, the VH-and VL-encoding DNA fragments are operatively linked to another fragment encoding a flexible linker, e.g., a GS linker, such that the VH and VL sequences can be expressed as a contiguous single-chain protein, with the VL and VH regions joined by the flexible linker.
[0086] Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) of the present disclosure can be produced in a genetically engineered mouse that produces an antibody comprising human heavy and light chain variable regions and mouse constant regions. Other embodiments for producing monoclonal antibodies include the somatic cell hybridization (hybridoma) technique of Kohler and Milstein (1975) Nature 256: 495, viral or oncogenic transformation of B lymphocytes and phage display techniques.
[0087] Antibodies of the disclosure also can be produced in a host cell transfectoma using, for example, a combination of recombinant DNA techniques and gene transfection methods as is well known in the art (e.g., Morrison, S. (1985) Science 229: 1202) . In one embodiment, DNA encoding partial or full-length light and heavy chains obtained by standard molecular biology techniques is inserted into one or more expression vectors such that the genes are operatively linked to transcriptional and translational regulatory sequences. In this context, the term “operatively linked” is intended to mean that an antibody gene is ligated into a vector such that transcriptional and translational control sequences within the vector serve their intended function of regulating the transcription and translation of the antibody gene.
[0088] The term “regulatory sequence” is intended to include promoters, enhancers and other expression control elements (e.g., polyadenylation signals) that control the transcription or translation of the antibody genes. Such regulatory sequences are described, e.g., in Goeddel (Gene Expression Technology. Methods in Enzymology 185, Academic Press, San Diego, Calif. (1990) ) . Preferred regulatory sequences for mammalian host cell expression include viral elements that direct high levels of protein expression in mammalian cells, such as promoters and / or enhancers derived from cytomegalovirus (CMV) , Simian Virus 40 (SV40) , adenovirus, e.g., the adenovirus major late promoter (AdMLP) and polyomavirus enhancer. Alternatively, non-viral regulatory sequences can be used, such as the ubiquitin promoter or β-globin promoter. Still further, regulatory elements composed of sequences from different sources, such as the SRα promoter system, which contains sequences from the SV40 early promoter and the long terminal repeat of human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (Takebe et al., (1988) Mol. Cell. Biol. 8: 466-472) . The expression vector and expression control sequences are chosen to be compatible with the expression host cell used.
[0089] The antibody light chain gene and the antibody heavy chain gene can be inserted into the same or separate expression vectors. In preferred embodiments, the variable regions are used to create full-length antibody genes of any antibody isotype by inserting them into expression vectors already encoding heavy chain constant and light chain constant regions of the desired isotype such that the VH segment is operatively linked to the CH segment (s) within the vector and the VL segment is operatively linked to the CL segment within the vector. Additionally or alternatively, the recombinant expression vector can encode a signal peptide that facilitates secretion of the antibody chain from a host cell. The antibody chain gene can be cloned into the vector such that the signal peptide is linked in-frame to the amino terminus of the antibody chain gene. The signal peptide can be an immunoglobulin signal peptide or a heterologous signal peptide (i.e., a signal peptide from a non-immunoglobulin protein) .
[0090] In addition to the antibody chain genes and regulatory sequences, the recombinant expression vectors of the disclosure can carry additional sequences, such as sequences that regulate replication of the vector in host cells (e.g., origins of replication) and selectable marker genes. The selectable marker gene facilitates selection of host cells into which the vector has been introduced (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,399,216; 4,634,665 and 5,179,017) . For example, typically the selectable marker gene confers resistance to drugs, such as G418, hygromycin or methotrexate, on a host cell into which the vector has been introduced. Preferred selectable marker genes include the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene (for use in dhfr-host cells with methotrexate selection / amplification) and the neo gene (for G418 selection) .
[0091] For expression of the light and heavy chains, the expression vector (s) encoding the heavy and light chains is transfected into a host cell by standard techniques. The various forms of the term “transfection” are intended to encompass a wide variety of techniques commonly used for the introduction of exogenous DNA into a prokaryotic or eukaryotic host cell, e.g., electroporation, calcium-phosphate precipitation, DEAE-dextran transfection and the like. Although it is theoretically possible to express the antibodies of the disclosure in either prokaryotic or eukaryotic host cells, expression of antibodies in eukaryotic cells, and most preferably mammalian host cells, is the most preferred because such eukaryotic cells, and in particular mammalian cells, are more likely than prokaryotic cells to assemble and secrete a properly folded and immunologically active antibody.
[0092] Preferred mammalian host cells for expressing the recombinant antibodies of the disclosure include Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO cells) (including dhfr-CHO cells) , NSO myeloma cells, COS cells and SP2 cells. In particular for use with NSO myeloma cells, another preferred expression system is the GS gene expression system disclosed in WO 87 / 04462, WO 89 / 01036 and EP 338, 841. When recombinant expression vectors encoding antibody genes are introduced into mammalian host cells, the antibodies are produced by culturing the host cells for a period of time sufficient to allow for expression of the antibody in the host cells or, more preferably, secretion of the antibody into the culture medium in which the host cells are grown. Antibodies can be recovered from the culture medium using standard protein purification methods.
[0093] In another aspect, the present disclosure features bispecific molecules which may comprise the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof of the disclosure linked to at least one other functional molecule, e.g., another peptide or protein (e.g., another antibody or ligand for a receptor) to generate a bispecific molecule that binds to at least two different binding sites or target molecules. In certain embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof of the disclosure may be linked to a binding moiety targeting a disease associated antigen, such that the bi-specific antibody of the present application may precisely target the site where undesired inflammation or auto-immune reaction occurs. The disease associated antigen may be related to an inflammatory disease or an auto-immune disease. In certain embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof of the disclosure may be linked to a binding moiety targeting a cancer associated antigen other than TSLPR, such that the bi-specific antibody of the present application may precisely target the TSLPR+ cancer cells. Thus, as used herein, “bispecific molecule” includes molecules that have three or more specificities.
[0094] Bispecific molecules may be in many different formats and sizes. At one end of the size spectrum, a bispecific molecule retains the traditional antibody format, except that, instead of having two binding arms of identical specificity, it has two binding arms each having a different specificity. At the other extreme are bispecific molecules consisting of two single-chain antibody fragments (scFv's) linked by a peptide chain, a so-called Bs (scFv) 2 construct. Intermediate-sized bispecific molecules include two different F (ab) fragments linked by a peptidyl linker.
[0095] The present disclosure may provide an immunoconjugate, comprising the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof of the disclosure, and an effector molecule. The effector molecule may be a therapeutic agent selected from the group consisting of a drug, a toxic agent (e.g., a cytotoxic agent) , a radioisotope, a protein, a peptide, and a nucleic acid. The immunoconjugate of the disclosure may be an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) in which the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof is conjugated to one or more drugs. The immunoconjugate of the disclosure may comprise the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof conjugated to a radioactive atom to form a radio-conjugate. The immunoconjugate of the disclosure may be used to target FOLR1+ cells, e.g., FOLR1+ cancer cells or FOLR1+ immune cells, and mark or kill these cells.
[0096] An oncolytic virus preferentially infects and kills cancer cells. The antibody or antigen binding portion thereof of the disclosure may be used in conjunction with the oncolytic virus. Alternatively, an oncolytic virus encoding the antibody or antigen binding portion thereof of the disclosure can be introduced into human body.
[0097] Also provided herein are a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) containing an anti-TSLPR scFv, the anti-TSLPR scFv may comprise CDRs and heavy / light chain variable regions described herein. The anti-TSLPR CAR may comprise (a) an extracellular antigen binding domain which may comprise an anti-TSLPR scFv; (b) a transmembrane domain; and (c) an intracellular signaling domain.
[0098] Also provided are engineered immune effector cells, which may comprise the CAR provided herein. In certain embodiments, the immune effector cell is a T cell, an NK cell, a peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) , a hematopoietic stem cell, a pluripotent stem cell, or an embryonic stem cell. In certain embodiments, the immune effector cell is a T cell.
[0099] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody or antigen binding portion thereof, the bispecific molecule, the immunoconjugate, the CAR -carrying immune cell, the oncolytic virus, the nucleic acid molecule, the expression vector, and / or the host cell of the present disclosure formulated together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0100] A “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” means a carrier that is useful in preparing a pharmaceutical composition that is generally safe, non-toxic and neither biologically nor otherwise undesirable, and includes a carrier that is acceptable for veterinary use as well as human pharmaceutical use. The pharmaceutical composition may comprise any number of carriers or excipients. Carriers that can be used include carriers, surface active agents, thickening or emulsifying agents, solid binders, dispersion or suspension aids, solubilizers, colorants, flavoring agents, coatings, disintegrating agents, lubricants, sweeteners, preservatives, isotonic agents, and combinations thereof. The selection and use of suitable excipients are taught in Gennaro, ed., Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 20th Ed. (Lippincott Williams &Wilkins 2003) , the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
[0101] The pharmaceutical composition is suitable for intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, parenteral, spinal or epidermal administration (e.g., by injection or infusion) . Depending on the route of administration, the active ingredient can be coated in a material to protect it from the action of acids and other natural conditions that may inactivate it. The phrase “parenteral administration” as used herein means modes of administration other than enteral and topical administration, usually by injection, and includes, without limitation, intravenous, intramuscular, intra-arterial, intrathecal, intracapsular, intraorbital, intracardiac, intradermal, intraperitoneal, transtracheal, subcutaneous, subcuticular, intra-articular, subcapsular, subarachnoid, intraspinal, epidural and intrasternal injection and infusion. Alternatively, an antibody of the disclosure can be administered via a non-parenteral route, such as a topical, epidermal or mucosal route of administration, e.g., intranasally, orally, vaginally, rectally, sublingually or topically.
[0102] Pharmaceutical compositions can be in the form of sterile aqueous solutions or dispersions. They can also be formulated in a microemulsion, liposome, or other ordered structure suitable to high drug concentration.
[0103] The amount of active ingredient which can be combined with a carrier material to produce a single dosage form will vary depending upon the subject being treated and the particular mode of administration and will generally be that amount of the composition which produces a therapeutic effect. Generally, out of one hundred percent, this amount will range from about 0.01%to about 99%of active ingredient in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0104] Dosage regimens are adjusted to provide the optimum desired response (e.g., a therapeutic response) . For example, a single bolus can be administered, several divided doses can be administered over time or the dose can be proportionally reduced or increased as indicated by the exigencies of the therapeutic situation. It is especially advantageous to formulate parenteral compositions in dosage unit form for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage. Dosage unit form as used herein refers to physically discrete units suited as unitary dosages for the subjects to be treated; each unit contains a predetermined quantity of active ingredient calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect in association with the required pharmaceutical carrier. Alternatively, antibody can be administered as a sustained release formulation, in which case less frequent administration is required.
[0105] For administration of the composition, the dosage may range from about 0.0001 to 100 mg / kg. An exemplary treatment regime entails administration once per week.
[0106] The pharmaceutical composition can be a controlled release formulation, including implants, transdermal patches, and microencapsulated delivery systems. Biodegradable, biocompatible polymers can be used, such as ethylene vinyl acetate, polyanhydrides, polyglycolic acid, collagen, polyorthoesters, and polylactic acid. See, e.g., Sustained and Controlled Release Drug Delivery Systems, J. R. Robinson, ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1978.
[0107] In certain embodiments, the monoclonal antibodies or antigen binding portions thereof of the disclosure can be formulated to ensure proper distribution in vivo. For example, to ensure that the therapeutic antibody of the disclosure cross the blood-brain barrier, they can be formulated in liposomes, which may additionally comprise targeting moieties to enhance selective transport to specific cells or organs.
[0108] The pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure may have numerous in vitro and in vivo utilities involving, for example, treatment of a diseases associated with TSLP-or TSLPR-mediated signaling.
[0109] The disclosure provides a method for treating a disease associated with TSLP-or TSLPR-mediated signaling in a subject in need thereof, which may comprise administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure.
[0110] The disease may be an inflammatory disease, e.g., an inflammatory allergic disease, including, but not limited to, asthma, atopic dermatitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and inflammatory bowel disease. In certain embodiments, the disease may be asthma. The disease may be an auto-immune disease, including, but not limited to, psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis. The disease may be a TSLPR+ cancer.
[0111] The disclosure also provides a method for suppressing or reversing TSLP-mediated TSLPR+cell proliferation, or a method for suppressing or reversing TSLP-mediated TSLPR+ cell activation, comprising contacting the TSLPR+ cell with the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof, or the composition of the disclosure. The TSLPR+ cell may be a TSLPR+ immune cell, e.g., a dendritic cell. The method, in certain embodiments, may comprise administering to a subject in need thereof of the antibody or antigen-binding portion thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition of the disclosure.
[0112] In yet another aspect, the disclosure provides a method for down-regulating (e.g., reducing or eliminating) undesired (e.g., excessive) TSLP-or TSLPR-mediated immune responses in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure.
[0113] The disclosure provides methods of combination therapy in which the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure is co-administered with one or more additional therapeutic agents.
[0114] The combination of therapeutic agents discussed herein can be administered concurrently as a single composition in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, or concurrently as separate compositions with each agent in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In another embodiment, the combination of therapeutic agents can be administered sequentially.
[0115] Furthermore, if more than one dose of the combination therapy is administered sequentially, the order of the sequential administration can be reversed or kept in the same order at each time point of administration, sequential administrations can be combined with concurrent administrations, or any combination thereof.
[0116] The present disclosure is further illustrated by the following examples, which should not be construed as further limiting. The contents of all figures and all references, Genbank sequences, patents and published patent applications cited throughout this application are expressly incorporated herein by reference. ExamplesExample 1. Generation of Anti-TSLPR Monoclonal Antibodies Using Hybridoma Technology Immunization
[0117] Transgenic mice from domestic suppliers that were engineered to produce antibodies with human heavy / light chain variable regions and mouse constant regions, were immunized according to the method as described in E Harlow, D. Lane, Antibody: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y., 1998. A recombinant human TSLPR-Fc protein (in-house made with SEQ ID NO: 17) was used as the immunogen, and a recombinant human TSLPR-his-TS protein (in-house made with SEQ ID NO: 19) was used for determining anti-sera titers and for screening hybridomas secreting antigen-specific antibodies.
[0118] Immunizing dosages contained 50 μg and 25 μg of recombinant human TSLPR-Fc protein per mouse per injection for the primary and boost immunizations respectively. To increase the immune responses, the complete Freud's adjuvant and incomplete Freud's adjuvant (Sigma, St. Louis, Mo., USA) were used respectively in the primary and boost immunizations. Briefly, the antigen was prepared in PBS or saline with the concentration ranging from 0.2 to 0.3 mg / ml, the calculated amount of antigen was then added to the desired amount of adjuvant, and the resulting mixture was mixed by gently vortexing for 2 minutes to generate a water-in-oil emulsion. The adjuvant-antigen emulsion was then drawn into proper syringes for animal injection. A total of 50 μg or 25 μg of antigen per mouse was injected subcutaneously in a volume of 150-200 μl. Each animal was immunized, and then boosted for 3 to 4 times depending on the anti-sera titers. Animals with good titers as determined by ELISA were given a final boost by intraperitoneal injection before fusion. Hybridoma fusion and screening
[0119] Cells of murine myeloma cell line (SP2 / 0-Ag14, ATCC#CRL-1581) were cultured to reach the log phase stage right before fusion. Spleen cells from immunized mice were prepared sterilely and fused with murine myeloma cells according to the method as described in Kohler G, and Milstein C, "Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity, " Nature, 256: 495-497 (1975) . Fused "hybrid cells" were subsequently dispensed into 96-well plates in DMEM / 20%FCS / HAT medium. Surviving hybridoma colonies were observed under the microscope seven to ten days post fusion. The supernatant from each well was subjected to Indirect ELISA using the in house made human TSLPR-his-TS protein as well as the TSLP-TSLPR / IL7R-alpha blocking test, and the positive hybridomas secreting antibodies that bound to the human TSLPR-his-TS protein and blocked TSLP-TSLPR / IL7R-alpha binding were selected and transferred to 24-well plates. Hybridoma clones producing antibodies that showed high specific human TSLPR-his-TS binding activity and high blocking ability on the interaction of TSLP with TSLPR / IL7R-alpha complex were subcloned by limited dilution to ensure the clonality of the cell line, and then monoclonal antibodies from the monoclonal hybridoma cell lines were purified respectively. Briefly, Protein A sepharose column (from bestchrom (Shanghai) Biosciences, Cat#AA0273) was washed using PBS buffer in 5 to 10 column volumes, and the cell supernatants of monoclonal hybridomas were passed through the columns. Then, the columns were washed using PBS buffer until the absorbance for protein reached the baseline. The columns were eluted with elution buffer (0.1 M Glycine-HCl, pH 2.7) , and immediately collected into tubes with neutralizing buffer (1 M Tris-HCl, pH 9.0) . Fractions containing immunoglobulins were pooled and dialyzed in PBS overnight at 4℃.Example 2. Modification of Anti-TSLPR Monoclonal Antibody C1H2H4C2
[0120] The mouse monoclonal antibody C1H2H4C2 originally contained an “NG” sequence (an asparagine residue followed by a glycine residue) , liable to asparagine deamidation, in the heavy chain CDR2 region and a “DN” sequence (an aspartic acid residue followed by an asparagine residue) , a potential isomerization site, in the light chain CDR1 region, and was thus modified to avoid such deamidation and / (or) isomerization during antibody production, storage, and in vivo metabolism.
[0121] A total of 5 CDR-engineered C1H2H4C2 antibodies, namely C1H2H4C2-CDRV11, C1H2H4C2-CDRV12, C1H2H4C2-CDRV13, C1H2H4C2-CDRV14 and C1H2H4C2-CDRV21 were designed, whose heavy / light chain variable region sequence ID numbers were set forth in Table 1. These CDR-engineered antibodies, together with the parent C1H2H4C2, were expressed in ExpiCHO-S cells (GIBCO, Cat#A29127) with the human IgG1 constant region having the K447Del mutation (SEQ ID NO: 9) and human kappa constant region (SEQ ID NO: 11) . The antibody C1H2H4C2-CDRV11 was additionally expressed with the human IgG1 constant region having the AQQ-YTE-K447Del mutations (SEQ ID NO: 10) and human kappa constant region (SEQ ID NO: 11) , and named as C1H2H4C2-CDRV11-G1-9. The AQQ mutation in the heavy chain constant region was for eliminating FcγR binding, while the YTE mutation (with M252Y, S254T and T256E) was for enhancing FcRn binding and thus extending the antibody’s half-life. Further, the K447Del in the heavy chain constant region was made to reduce antibody C-terminal heterogeneity.Example 3. Characterization of Exemplary Modified C1H2H4C2 Antibodies
[0122] The C1H2H4C2 antibodies with the modifications in CDR regions were purified as described above and tested in Biacore, indirect ELISA, competitive ELISA, cell-based blocking FACS, cell-based binding FACS and cell-based functional assay. An UPB-101 analog, a human anti-TSLPR IgG1 monoclonal antibody developed by Upstream BIO, was prepared in house with the heavy chain and light chain amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 12 and 13, respectively, in ExpiCHO-Scells and used as a positive control or benchmark (BM) .
[0123] HEL-10-G1-1, an anti-HEL antibody used as an IgG1 isotype control with the heavy chain constant region of SEQ ID NO: 9, was in house made with the heavy chain and light chain sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 14 and 15, respectively, and tested with the anti-TSLPR antibodies of the disclosure in the assays, to determine the part of the anti-TSLPR antibodies of the disclosure, the Fab part or the Fc part, that bound to the TSLPR protein. Binding Affinity Test
[0124] The C1H2H4C2 antibodies were characterized for their binding affinity and binding kinetics to the recombinant human TSLPR-his-TS protein (in-house made with SEQ ID NO: 19) or cynomolgus TSLPR-his-TS protein (in-house made with SEQ ID NO: 18) , by the Biacore T200 system (GE healthcare, Pittsburgh, PA, USA) .
[0125] Briefly, the anti-TSLPR antibodies of the disclosure at the concentration of 2.0 μg / ml were flowed onto a Protein A sensor chip (Cytiva, Cat#29127556) at a flow rate of 10 μl / min. Then, the serially diluted recombinant human TSLPR-his-TS proteins or cynomolgus TSLPR-his-TS proteins, 2-fold dilution in HBS-EP+ buffer (provided by Biacore) starting at 80 nM, were flowed onto the chip at a flow rate of 30 μl / min. The antigen-antibody association kinetics was followed for 2 minutes and the dissociation kinetics was followed for 10 minutes.
[0126] The association and dissociation curve was fit to a 1: 1 Langmuir binding model using the Biacore evaluation software. The KD, Ka and Kd values were determined and summarized in Table 2.
[0127] It can be seen the antibodies of the disclosure showed comparable human TSLPR binding affinity and higher cynomolgus TSLPR binding affinity, as compared with the benchmark. Table 2. Binding affinity of anti-TSLPR antibodies of the disclosure Indirect ELISA
[0128] The anti-TSLPR antibodies’ binding activity to the recombinant human TSLPR protein was measured in an indirect ELISA. Briefly, the 96-well ELISA plates were coated and incubated with 1.0 μg / ml recombinant human TSLPR-his-TS protein (in-house made with SEQ ID NO: 19) in carbonate / bicarbonate buffer (pH 9.6) , 100 μl / well, for 2 hours at 37℃. The ELISA plates were washed once with the wash buffer (PBS including 0.05%Tween-20, referred to as PBST) and then blocked with 200 μl / well blocking buffer (5%w / v non-fatty milk in PBST) overnight at 4℃. The plates were washed again and incubated with 100 μl / well serially diluted anti-TSLPR antibodies of the disclosure or the controls (starting at 66.7 nM, 5-fold serial dilution in PBST with 2.5%non-fatty milk) for 40 minutes at 37℃. The ELISA plates were washed 4 times and incubated with 100 μl / well Peroxidase AffiniPure F (ab') 2 Fragment Goat Anti-Human IgG, Fcγ fragment specific (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, Inc., Cat#109-036-098) for 40 minutes at 37℃. After a final wash, the plates were incubated with 100 μl / well TMB (Innoreagents, Cat#TMB-S-002) at room temperature. The reaction was stopped 3 minutes later with 50 μl / well 1 M H2SO4. The absorbance of each well was read on a microplate reader using the dual wavelength mode with 450 nm for TMB and 630 nm as the reference wavelength, and the OD (450-630) values were plotted against the antibody concentration. Data was analyzed using Graphpad Prism and EC50 values were reported.
[0129] The results were shown in FIGs. 1A-1B, indicating that anti-TSLPR antibodies of the disclosure can bind to human TSLPR protein with high binding activity, and their binding activity was comparable to or a bit higher than that of the BM. Benchmark Blocking ELISA
[0130] The ability of the anti-TSLPR antibodies of the disclosure to block the benchmark’s binding to the recombinant human TSLPR-his-TS protein (in-house made with SEQ ID NO: 19) was measured in a competitive ELISA assay. Briefly, 100 μl per well of 2 μg / mL benchmark in PBS was coated on 96-well ELISA plates overnight at 4℃. The ELISA plates were washed once with the wash buffer (PBST) and then blocked with 200 μl / well blocking buffer (5%w / v non-fatty milk in PBST) overnight at 4℃. While blocking, the anti-TSLPR antibodies of the disclosure, the benchmark and HEL-10-G1-1 were serially diluted in 0.46 ng / ml biotin labeled human TSLPR-his-TS protein (in house made with SEQ ID NO: 19) in PBST with 2.5%non-fatty milk, 5-fold dilution starting at 66.7 nM, and incubated at room temperature for 40 minutes. After plate washing, the antibody / human TSLPR-his-TS protein mixtures were added to the benchmark coated plates, 100 μl per well. After an incubation at 37℃ for 40 minutes, the plates were washed using the wash buffer, added and incubated for 40 minutes at 37℃with 100 μl / well Peroxidase Streptavidin (1: 5000 dilution in PBST) . The plates were washed again using the wash buffer. Finally, TMB was added and the reaction was stopped using 1 M H2SO4. The absorbance was read on a microplate reader using the dual wavelength mode with 450 nm for TMB and 630 nm as the reference wavelength, and the OD (450-630) values were plotted against the antibody concentrations. Data was analyzed using Graphpad Prism and IC50 values were reported.
[0131] The results were shown in FIGs. 2A-2B. It can be seen that the anti-TSLPR antibodies of the disclosure were not able to completely block the recombinant human TSLPR protein’s binding with the benchmark, suggesting that they might bind to the epitope (s) different from that bound by the benchmark. Cell-based Binding FACS
[0132] The binding activity of the antibodies of the disclosure to the cell surface human TSLPR protein was evaluated by FACS, using the BAF3-TSLPR / IL7R-3E6 cells engineered to express human TSLPR and human IL7R alpha proteins. The BAF3-TSLPR / IL7R-3E6 cell line was prepared following the instruction of lipofectamine 3000 transfection reagent (Thermo Fisher) , by transfecting BAF3 cells (iCell Bioscience Inc., Cat#MIMCL-021) with pCMV-T-P plasmids inserted with human TSLPR coding sequence (Uniprot No. Q9HC73.1) between EcoRI and Xbal sites and pCMV3-SP plasmids inserted with human IL7R coding sequence (Uniprot No. P16871.1) between HindIII and Xbal sites.
[0133] The BAF3-TSLPR / IL7R-3E6 cells were harvested from the cell culture flasks, washed twice and resuspended in PBS containing 2%v / v Fetal Bovine Serum (referred to as FACS buffer) . Then, 1.5 × 105 of such cells per well in 96 well-plates were incubated with 100 μl serially diluted anti-TSLPR antibodies of the disclosure, the benchmark or HEL-10-G1-1, 5-fold serial dilution in FACS buffer starting from 66.7 nM, for 50 minutes on ice. The cells were washed twice with the FACS buffer, and added with 100 μl R-Phycoerythrin AffiniPure Goat Anti-Human IgG, Fcγ fragment specific (Cat#109-115-098, Jackson ImmunoResearch, 1: 1000 dilution in FACS buffer) . Following an incubation of 50 minutes at 4℃ in dark, the cells were washed three times and resuspended in the FACS buffer. The fluorescence was measured using a Becton Dickinson FACS Canto II-HTS equipment, and the MFI (mean fluorescence intensity) was plotted against the antibody concentration. Data was analyzed using Graphpad Prism and EC50 values were reported.
[0134] The results were shown in FIGs. 3A-3B. The antibodies of the disclosure specifically bound to the human TSLPR protein on the cell surface, with much higher Bmax (maximal binding) as compared to the benchmark. HEL-10-G1-1 did not bind to the cell surface TSLPR protein, indicating that the anti-TSLPR antibodies of the disclosure carrying the same Fc region as HEL-10-G1-1 did bind to the TSLPR protein through its Fab region, but not its Fc region. Cell-based Ligand-blocking FACS
[0135] The activity of anti-TSLPR antibodies of the disclosure to block the binding of TSLP protein to cell surface TSLPR / IL7R complex was evaluated in a Flow Cytometry (FACS) assay, using the cell line BAF3-TSLPR / IL7R-3E6 as described above.
[0136] Briefly, BAF3-TSLPR / IL7R-3E6 cells were harvested from cell culture flasks, washed twice and re-suspended in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing 2%v / v Fetal Bovine Serum (FACS buffer) . Then 1 × l05 of such cells were seeded into 96 well plates, and the supernatants were discarded after centrifugation. The plates were added with serially diluted anti-TSLPR antibodies of the disclosure, the benchmark or HEL-10-G1-1, 5-fold serial dilution starting at 66.7 nM in FACS buffer, 100 μl / well, and incubated at 4℃ for 40 minutes. The cells were washed twice with FACS buffer, and then added and incubated with 100 μl / well 0.38 nM biotin labelled human TSLP-his (SEQ ID NO: 20) in FACS buffer for 40 minutes at 4℃. The cells were washed twice with the FACS buffer, and then added and incubated with 100 μl / well R-Phycoerythrin Streptavidin (1: 1000 dilution in FACS buffer, Jackson Immunoresearch, Cat#016-110-084) for 40 minutes at 4℃ in dark. The cells were washed twice and re-suspended in the FACS buffer. Fluorescence was measured using a Becton Dickinson FACS Canto II-HTS equipment. Data was analyzed using Graphpad Prism and IC50 values were reported.
[0137] The results were shown in FIGs. 4A-4B. All anti-TSLPR antibodies of the disclosure were able to block TSLP binding to cell surface TSLPR / IL7R complex at sub-nanomolar concentrations, indicating their strong blocking activity on the interaction of TSLP with TSLPR / IL7R. Cell-based Proliferation Inhibition Assay
[0138] The capability of the anti-TSLPR antibodies of the disclosure to inhibit TSLP mediated cell proliferation was tested in a cell-based functional assay, using the BAF3-TSLPR / IL7R-3E6 cells described above.
[0139] Briefly, the BAF3-TSLPR / IL7R-3E6 cells were collected by centrifugation at 200 g for 5 min at 4℃, and re-suspended in RPMI 1640 (Gibco, Cat#A10491-01) with 10%FBS (Gibco, Cat#10091-148) . About 2,000 of such cells were added to 96-well plates per well in 100 μL RPMI 1640 with 10%FBS. Meanwhile, the antibodies of the disclosure, the benchmark and the isotype control (HEL-10-G1-1 or HEL-10-G1-9) were each 10-fold serially diluted in RPMI 1640 with 10%FBS, starting at 100 nM. The 96-well plates with the BAF3-TSLPR / IL7R-3E6 cells were added with 50 μL of the diluted antibodies, and mixed well gently. Then, the plates were added with 50 μL human TSLP-his (SEQ ID NO: 20) in RPMI 1640 with 10%FBS at the final concentration of 1 ng / mL, mixed well and incubated in a 5%CO2 incubator at 37℃ for 3 days. Then, the plates were added with 50 μL CellCounting-Lite 2.0 reagent (Vazyme, Cat#DD1101-02) and incubated at room temperature for 5 min. Luminescence was measured using Tecan Infinite F200 Flex microplate reader. Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 7.04.
[0140] The HEL-10-G1-9 with human IgG1 constant region having the AQQ-YTE-K447Del mutations was prepared with the heavy chain and light chain sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 16 and 15, respectively, and tested together with the anti-TSLPR antibody C1H2H4C2-CDRV11-G1-9 in the assay, to differentiate non-specific background signals.
[0141] According to FIG. 5A, the anti-TSLPR antibodies of the disclosure and the benchmark effectively inhibited TSLP-mediated proliferation of BAF3-TSLPR / IL7R-3E6 cells, with the antibodies of the disclosure showing comparable inhibitory activity to the benchmark. According to FIG. 5B, the anti-TSLPR antibodies of the disclosure exhibited higher inhibitory activity than the Tezepelumab analog, an anti-TSLP monoclonal antibody. Cell-based Reporter Assay
[0142] In the cell-based reporter assay, 293F-TSLPR / IL7R / STAT5-Luc, a reporter cell line engineered to express cell-surface human TSLPR (Uniprot No. Q9HC73.1) and human IL7R (Uniprot No. P16871.1) , was used. The 293F-TSLPR / IL7R / STAT5-Luc cells were prepared in house, following the instruction of lipofectamine 3000 transfection reagent (Thermo Fisher) , by transfecting HEK293F cells (Thermofisher Inc., Cat#11625019) with pCMV-T-P plasmids inserted with TSLPR coding sequence between EcoRI and Xbal sites, pCMV3-SP plasmids inserted with IL7R coding sequence between HindIII and Xbal sites and pGL4.52 [luc2P / STAT5RE / Hygro] vectors (Promega) .
[0143] Briefly, the 293F-TSLPR / IL7R / STAT5-Luc cells were harvested from cell culture flasks, and 5 × l04 of such cells in 100 μL DMEM medium (Gibco, Cat#10566-016) supplemented with 10%FBS (Gibco, Cat#10099-141) were plated onto 96 well cell culture plates (Corning, Cat#30218026) . Meanwhile, 50 μL human TSLP-his (SEQ ID NO: 20, ) was mixed with 50 μL serially diluted anti-TSLPR antibodies of the disclosure or the benchmark (10-fold dilution in DMEM medium supplemented with 10%FBS, starting at 333 nM) , with TSLP-his’s final concentration at 0.6 μg / mL. Then the human TSLP-his / anti-TSLPR antibody mixtures were added to the cell culture plates, 100 μL / well, and the cell culture plates were incubated in a CO2 incubator at 37℃ for 16-18 hours. The supernatants were discarded at 100 μl / well, and then Luciferase detection Reagent (50 μL / well, Vazyme, Catalog #DD1201-02) was added. Ten minutes later, the plates were subjected to measurement by Tecan infinite 200Pro plate-reader. Data of luminescence signals were analyzed using Graphpad prism and IC50 values were reported.
[0144] As showed in FIG. 6, the antibodies of the disclosure showed comparable or a bit higher blocking activity on TSLP-mediated STAT5-luc activation as compared to benchmark. PBMC-based CCL-17 Release Inhibition Assay
[0145] The antibodies of the disclosure were also tested for their capability to inhibit TSLP-induced CCL-17 release by PBMCs.
[0146] Briefly, cryopreserved human PBMCs (Milecell Biotechnology Inc. ) were thawed by gentle agitation in a 37℃ water bath, transferred to 10 mL RPMI 1640 with 10%FBS, collected by centrifugation at 300 g for 8 min at room temperature, and resuspended in 3 mL RPMI 1640 with 10%FBS. The 96-well plates were added with 120,000 PBMCs per well in 100 μL RPMI 1640 with 10%FBS and incubated in a 5%CO2 incubator at 37℃ for 2 hours. The antibodies of the disclosure, the benchmark, and the isotype control were each 10-fold serially diluted in RPMI 1640 with 10%FBS, starting at 100 nM. The plates with the PBMCs were added with 50 μL of the serially diluted antibodies, and also 50 μL human TSLP-his (SEQ ID NO: 20) in RPMI 1640 with 10%FBS at the final concentration of 10 ng / mL. After incubation in a 5%CO2 incubator at 37℃ for 48 hours, the cell suspensions were transferred to 96-well V-bottom plates. The cell culture supernatants were collected by centrifugation at 300 g for 8 min at room temperature, 2-fold diluted with the dilution buffer from a human CCL-17 ELISA kit (Elabscience, Cat#E-EL-H0026) , and measured for CCL-17 concentration according to the protocol provided by the CCL-17 ELISA kit. Signals were detected by PERLONG DNM-9602 microplate reader (OD450 -OD630 nm) , and data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 7.04.
[0147] According to FIG. 7, the PBMCs added with the recombinant TSLP protein only, or added with the recombinant TSLP protein and the isotype control, secreted a high level of CCL-17. The addition of the anti-TSLPR antibodies of the disclosure potently inhibited CCL-17 release by PBMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. More importantly, the antibodies of the disclosure showed comparable or a bit higher inhibitory activity on TSLPR-mediated CCL-17 release by PBMCs as compared to benchmark.
[0148] Sequences in the present application are summarized below. VH CDR1 of C1H2H4C2 or Variants VH CDR2 of C1H2H4C2 or Variants VH CDR2 of C1H2H4C2 WITAGNGNTKYSQKFQD (SEQ ID NO: 2, X=G) VH CDR2 of C1H2H4C2-CDRV11 -C1H2H4C2-V14 WITAGNANTKYSQKFQD (SEQ ID NO: 2, X=A) VH CDR2 of C1H2H4C2-CDRV21 WITAGNSNTKYSQKFQD (SEQ ID NO: 2, X=S) VH CDR3 of C1H2H4C2 or Variants VL CDR1 of C1H2H4C2 or Variants VL CDR1 of C1H2H4C2 RSSQNIDNFLN (SEQ ID NO: 4, X1=D, X2=N, X3=F) VL CDR1 of C1H2H4C2-CDRV11 and C1H2H4C2-CDRV21 RSSQNIDAFLN (SEQ ID NO: 4, X1=D, X2=A, X3=F) VL CDR1 of C1H2H4C2-CDRV12 RSSQNIDTFLN (SEQ ID NO: 4, X1=D, X2=T, X3=F) VL CDR1 of C1H2H4C2-CDRV13 RSSQNIDQFLN (SEQ ID NO: 4, X1=D, X2=Q, X3=F) VL CDR1 of C1H2H4C2-CDRV14 RSSQNIENLLN (SEQ ID NO: 4, X1=E, X2=N, X3=L) VL CDR2 of C1H2H4C2 or Variants VL CDR3 of C1H2H4C2 or Variants VH of C1H2H4C2 VH of C1H2H4C2-CDRV11 -C1H2H4C2-CDRV14 VH of C1H2H4C2-CDRV21 VL of C1H2H4C2 VL of C1H2H4C2-CDRV11 and C1H2H4C2-CDRV21 VL of C1H2H4C2-CDRV12 VL of C1H2H4C2-CDRV13 VL of C1H2H4C2-CDRV14 Human heavy chain constant region-K447Del Human IgG1 (AQQ, YTE, K447Del) heavy chain constant region Human light chain constant region Heavy chain of benchmark Light chain of benchmark Heavy chain of HEL-10-G1-1 Light chain of HEL-10-G1-1 and HEL-10-G1-9 Heavy chain of HEL-10-G1-9 cynomolgus TSLPR-his-TS human TSLPR-his-TS human TSLP-his human TSLPR-Fc ***
[0149] While the disclosure has been described above in connection with one or more embodiments, it should be understood that the disclosure is not limited to those embodiments, and the description is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents, as may be included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims
1.An antibody or an antigen-binding portion thereof, capable of specifically binding to thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor (TSLPR) , comprising (i) a heavy chain variable region comprising a VH CDR1, a VH CDR2 and a VH CDR3, and (ii) a light chain variable region comprising a VL CDR1, a VL CDR2 and a VL CDR3,wherein the VH CDR1, the VH CDR2, the VH CDR3, the VL CDR1, the VL CDR2 and the VL CDR3 comprise RYVIH (SEQ ID NO: 1) , WITAGNXNTKYSQKFQD (SEQ ID NO: 2) , DIVVVPGAMDY (SEQ ID NO: 3) , RSSQNIX1X2X3FLN (SEQ ID NO: 4) , STSSLQS (SEQ ID NO: 5) , and QHTYSTPFT (SEQ ID NO: 6) , respectively,wherein X1, X2 and X3 in SEQ ID NO: 4 are D, A and F, respectively; D, T and F, respectively; D, Q and F, respectively; or E, N and L, respectively, when X in SEQ ID NO: 2 is A; orwherein X1, X2 and X3 in SEQ ID NO: 4 are D, N and F, respectively, when X in SEQ ID NO: 2 is G;wherein X1, X2 and X3 in SEQ ID NO: 4 are D, A and F, respectively, when X in SEQ ID NO: 2 is S.2.The antibody or the antigen-binding portion thereof of claim 1, wherein the heavy chain variable region comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NOs: 7, 21 or 22.3.The antibody or the antigen-binding portion thereof of claim 1, wherein the light chain variable region comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or 100%sequence identity to SEQ ID NOs: 8, 23, 24, 25 or 26.4.The antibody or the antigen-binding portion thereof of claim 2, wherein the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region comprise amino acid sequences having at least 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%or 100%sequence identity to i) SEQ ID NOs: 7 and 8, respectively; ii) SEQ ID NOs: 21 and 23, respectively; iii) SEQ ID NOs: 21 and 24, respectively; iv) SEQ ID NOs: 21 and 25, respectively; v) SEQ ID NOs: 21 and 26, respectively; or vi) SEQ ID NOs: 22 and 23, respectively.5.The antibody or the antigen-binding portion thereof of claim 1, comprising a heavy chain constant region, linked to the heavy chain variable region, and / or a light chain constant region, linked to the light chain variable region, wherein the heavy chain constant region comprises reduced or no FcγR binding affinity and enhanced FcRn binding affinity.6.The antibody or the antigen-binding portion thereof of claim 5, wherein the heavy chain constant region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9 or 10, and / or the light chain constant region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11.7.The antibody or the antigen-binding portion thereof of claim 1, which (a) is able to bind human TSLPR protein; (b) is able to bind cynomolgus TSLPR protein; (c) is able to block TSLPR binding to TSLP, and (d) is able to inhibit TSLP-mediated signaling.8.The antibody or the antigen-binding portion thereof of claim 1, which is a chimeric or human antibody or the antigen-binding portion thereof.9.A bi-specific or multi-specific molecule, comprising i) the antibody or the antigen-binding portion thereof of any one of claims 1 to 8, and ii) a binding moiety targeting a disease associated antigen.10.A nucleic acid molecule encoding the antibody or the antigen-binding portion thereof of any one of claims 1 to 8.11.An expression vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule of claim 10.12.A host cell comprising the expression vector of claim 11 or having the nucleic acid molecule of claim 10 integrated into its genome.13.A composition comprising the antibody or the antigen-binding portion thereof of any one of claims 1 to 8, the bi-specific or multi-specific molecule of claim 9, the nucleic acid molecule of claim 10, the expression vector of claim 11, or the host cell of claim 12.14.A method for treating a disease associated with TSLP-or TSLPR-mediated signaling in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody or the antigen-binding portion thereof of any one of claims 1 to 8 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.15.The method of claim 14, wherein the disease is an inflammatory disease or an auto-immune disease.16.The method of claim 15, wherein the inflammatory disease is asthma.