Novel tetracylic compounds and uses thereof
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2026/080528
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2026-01-30
- Filing Date
- 2026-02-28
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-03
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Figure PCTCN2026080528-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2026080528-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2026080528-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
NOVEL TETRACYLIC COMPOUNDS AND USES THEREOFFIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to novel compounds useful as partial or full agonists of 5HT2A receptor, as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and methods of treatment by administration of these compounds or the pharmaceutical compositions. BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0002] 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) , also known as serotonin, is a monoamine neurotransmitter modulating diverse physiological functions such as appetite, digestion, and thermoregulation, as well as brain states underlying mood, cognition, and sleep. 5-HT acts through various 5-HT receptor subtypes, classified into 7 functional classes. While the 5-HT3 class is ligand-gated ion channels, all other 5-HT receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that activate an intracellular second messenger cascade to produce an excitatory or inhibitory response. Among these subtypes, the 5-HT2A receptor is widely abundant across the central nervous system, with the highest concentration in key monoaminergic brain regions, such as the median raphe nucleus, dorsal raphe nucleus, locus coeruleus, and ventral tegmental area-structures that play a critical role in mood regulation.
[0003] Recent studies have revealed the significant therapeutic potential of 5-HT2A receptor agonists for treating a variety of CNS disorders such as depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. These compounds have demonstrated promising efficacy in preliminary clinical trials, particularly for patients who have not responded to conventional pharmacotherapies. However, currently available 5-HT2A agonists, such as classical psychedelics, are hindered by significant limitations that complicate their widespread clinical adoption. These limitations include off-target effects due to polypharmacology across multiple receptor systems, undesirable side effects like perceptual distortions and hallucinations, and cardiovascular complications such as increased blood pressure and heart rate. Additionally, the unpredictable nature of the psychedelic experience and the requirement for specialized clinical supervision further complicates their clinical utility and safety profile. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of novel 5-HT2A receptor agonists. SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0004] The present disclosure provides compounds that are capable of acting as agonists of the 5-HT2A receptor, pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and the use of such compounds or pharmaceutical compositions for treating the 5-HT2A associated diseases or diseases responsive to 5-HT2A modulation therapies in a subject in need thereof.
[0005] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound having a Formula (A) or Formula (B) : or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, X is -O-, -S-or -N (RX) -; RX is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and cycloalkyl; each of Y1, Y2 and Y3 is independently selected from N or CH; is a single bond or double bond; each of R1, R2, R3a, R3b, R4a, R4b, R5a, R5b, R6a, and R6b is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, hydrogen, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, alkoxyl, alkylthio, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -ORa, -C (O) Ra, -C (O) ORa, -C (O) N (Ra) (Rb) , -OC (O) Ra, -N (Rb) C (O) Ra, -S (O) Ra, -S (O) 2Ra, -N (Ra) (Rb) , -alkyl-cycloalkyl, -alkyl-heterocycloalkyl, -alkyl-aryl, -alkyl-heteroaryl, -alkyl-ORa, -alkyl-C (O) Ra, -alkyl-C (O) ORa, -alkyl-C (O) N (Ra) (Rb) , -alkyl-OC (O) Ra, -alkyl-N (Rb) C (O) Ra, -alkyl-S (O) Ra, -alkyl-S (O) 2Ra and -alkyl-N (Ra) (Rb) , wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, alkoxyl, alkylthio, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -alkyl-cycloalkyl, -alkyl-heterocycloalkyl, -alkyl-aryl and -alkyl-heteroaryl are independently optionally substituted with one or more Rc; Ra and Rb at each occurrence are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, where the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl are independently optionally substituted with one or more Rc; each Rc is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, amino, cyano, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, -NH (alkyl) and -N (alkyl) 2; m is 0, 1, 2 or 3; n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; and provided that the compound is not
[0006] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound having a formula selected from: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0007] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound having a formula selected from: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0008] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound having a formula selected from: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0009] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound having a formula selected from: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0010] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound having a Formula (I) or Formula (II) : or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, X is -O-, -S-or -N (RX) -; RX is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and cycloalkyl; is a single bond or double bond; each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, cyano, nitro, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, alkoxyl, alkylthio, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -ORa, -C (O) Ra, -C (O) ORa, -C (O) N (Ra) (Rb) , -OC (O) Ra, -N (Rb) C (O) Ra, -S (O) Ra, -S (O) 2Ra, -N (Ra) (Rb) , -alkyl-cycloalkyl, -alkyl-heterocycloalkyl, -alkyl-aryl, -alkyl-heteroaryl, -alkyl-ORa, -alkyl-C (O) Ra, -alkyl-C (O) ORa, -alkyl-C (O) N (Ra) (Rb) , -alkyl-OC (O) Ra, -alkyl-N (Rb) C (O) Ra, -alkyl-S (O) Ra, -alkyl-S (O) 2Ra and -alkyl-N (Ra) (Rb) wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, alkoxyl, alkylthio, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -alkyl-cycloalkyl, -alkyl-heterocycloalkyl, -alkyl-aryl and -alkyl-heteroaryl are independently optionally substituted with one or more Rc; Ra and Rb at each occurrence are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, where the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl are independently optionally substituted with one or more Rc; each Rc is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, amino, cyano, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, -NH (alkyl) and -N (alkyl) 2; p is 0, 1, 2 or 3; q is 0 or 1; m is 0, 1, 2 or 3; n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; and provided that p+q is an integer of at least 1.
[0011] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound having a formula selected from: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0012] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound having a formula selected from: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0013] In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
[0014] In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for treating the 5-HT2A associated diseases or diseases responsive to 5-HT2A modulation therapies in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure to the subject.
[0015] In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for modulating (such as partially activating) 5-HT2A receptors in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure to a subject in need thereof.
[0016] In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides the use of a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure, in the manufacture of a medicament for treating the 5-HT2A associated diseases or diseases responsive to 5-HT2A modulation therapies.
[0017] In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure, for treating the 5-HT2A associated diseases or diseases responsive to 5-HT2A modulation therapies. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0018] Reference will now be made in detail to certain embodiments of the present disclosure, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying structures and formulas. While the present disclosure will be described in conjunction with the enumerated embodiments, it will be understood that they are not intended to limit the present disclosure to those embodiments. On the contrary, the present disclosure is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents, which may be included within the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. One skilled in the art will recognize many methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein, which could be used in the practice of the present disclosure. The present disclosure is in no way limited to the methods and materials described. In the event that one or more of the incorporated references and similar materials differs from or contradicts this application, including but not limited to defined terms, term usage, described techniques, or the like, the present disclosure controls. All references, patents, patent applications cited in the present disclosure are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.
[0019] It is appreciated that certain features of the present disclosure, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, can also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the present disclosure, which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, can also be provided separately or in any suitable sub-combination. It must be noted that, as used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a, ” “an, ” and “the” include plural forms of the same unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “acompound” includes a plurality of compounds.Definitions
[0020] Definitions of specific functional groups and chemical terms are described in more detail below. For purposes of this disclosure, the chemical elements are identified in accordance with the Periodic Table of the Elements, CAS version, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 75th Ed., inside cover, and specific functional groups are generally defined as described therein. Additionally, general principles of organic chemistry, as well as specific functional moieties and reactivity, are described in Organic Chemistry, Thomas Sorrell, 2nd Edition, University Science Books, Sausalito, 2006; Smith and March March’s Advanced Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition, John Wiley &Sons, Inc., New York, 2007; Larock, Comprehensive Organic Transformations, 3rd Edition, VCH Publishers, Inc., New York, 2018; Carruthers, Some Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis, 4th Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2004; the entire contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference.
[0021] At various places in the present disclosure, linking substituents are described. It is specifically intended that each linking substituent includes both the forward and backward forms of the linking substituent. Where the structure clearly requires a linking group, the Markush variables listed for that group are understood to be linking groups. For example, if the structure requires a linking group and the Markush group definition for that variable lists “alkyl” , then it is understood that the “alkyl” represents a linking alkylene group.
[0022] When a bond to a substituent is shown to cross a bond connecting two atoms in a ring, then such substituent may be bonded to any atom in the ring. When a substituent is listed without indicating the atom via which such substituent is bonded to the rest of the compound of a given formula, then such substituent may be bonded via any atom in such formula. Combinations of substituents and / or variables are permissible, but only if such combinations result in stable compounds.
[0023] As used herein, a dash “-” at the front or end of a chemical group is used, a matter of convenience, to indicate a point of attachment for a substituent. For example, -OH is attached through the carbon atom; chemical groups may be depicted with or without one or more dashes without losing their ordinary meaning. Unless chemically or structurally required, no directionality is indicated or implied by the order in which a chemical group is written or named. As used herein, a solid line coming out of the center of a ring indicates that the point of attachment for a substituent on the ring can be at any ring atom. When a substituent is listed without indicating the atom via which such substituent is bonded to the rest of the compound of a given formula, then such substituent may be bonded via any atom in such formula. Combinations of substituents and / or variables are permissible, but only if such combinations result in stable compounds.
[0024] When any variable (e.g., Ri) occurs more than one time in any constituent or formula for a compound, its definition at each occurrence is independent of its definition at every other occurrence. Thus, for example, if a group is shown to be substituted with 0-2 Ri moieties, then the group may optionally be substituted with up to two Ri moieties and Ri at each occurrence is selected independently from the definition of Ri. Also, combinations of substituents and / or variables are permissible, but only if such combinations result in stable compounds.
[0025] As used herein, the term “Ci-j” indicates a range of the carbon atoms numbers, wherein i and j are integers and the range of the carbon atoms numbers includes the endpoints (i.e., i and j) and each integer point in between, and wherein j is greater than i. For examples, C1-6 indicates a range of one to six carbon atoms, including one carbon atom, two carbon atoms, three carbon atoms, four carbon atoms, five carbon atoms and six carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the term “C1-6” indicates 1 to 6, particularly 1 to 6, particularly 1 to 5, particularly 1 to 4, particularly 1 to 3 or particularly 1 to 2 carbon atoms.
[0026] As used herein, the term “alkyl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to a saturated linear or branched-chain hydrocarbon radical, which may be optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents described herein. The term “Ci-j alkyl” refers to an alkyl having i to j carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkyl groups contain 1 to 6 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkyl groups contain 1 to 5 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkyl groups contain 1 to 4 carbon atoms, 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or 1 to 2 carbon atoms. Examples of “C1-6 alkyl” include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl and hexyl. Examples of “C1-6 alkyl” are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl, 2-methyl-2-butyl, 3-methyl-2-butyl, 3-methyl-1-butyl, 2-methyl-1-butyl, 1-hexyl, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, 2-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-2-pentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-3-pentyl, 2-methyl-3-pentyl, 2, 3-dimethyl-2-butyl, 3, 3-dimethyl-2-butyl, and the like.
[0027] As used herein, the term “alkenyl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to linear or branched-chain hydrocarbon radical having at least one carbon-carbon double bond, which may be optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents described herein. Alkenyl includes radicals having “cis” and “trans” orientations, or alternatively, “E” and “Z” orientations. In some embodiments, alkenyl groups contain 2 to 6 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkenyl groups contain 2 to 5 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkenyl groups contain 2 to 4 carbon atoms or 2 to 3 carbon atoms. Examples of alkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, ethylenyl (or vinyl) , propenyl (allyl) , butenyl, pentenyl, 1-methyl-2 buten-1-yl, 5-hexenyl, and the like.
[0028] As used herein, the term “alkynyl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to a linear or branched-chain hydrocarbon radical having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond, which may be optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents described herein. In some embodiments, alkenyl groups contain 2 to 6 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkynyl groups contain 2 to 6 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkynyl groups contain 2 to 5 carbon atoms, 2 to 4 carbon atoms or 2 to 3 carbon atoms. Examples of alkynyl group include, but are not limited to, ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl, and the like.
[0029] As used herein, the term “alkylthio” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to an alkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a sulfur atom (-S-alkyl) . In some embodiments, alkylthio groups contain 1 to 6 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkylthio groups contain 1 to 5 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkylthio groups contain 1 to 4 carbon atoms, 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or 1 to 2 carbon atoms. Example of alkylthio group include, but are not limited to, methylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, and the like.
[0030] As used herein, the term “alkoxyl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to an alkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom (-O-alkyl) . In some embodiments, alkoxyl groups contain 1 to 6 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkoxyl groups contain 1 to 5 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, alkoxyl groups contain 1 to 4 carbon atoms, 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or 1 to 2 carbon atoms. Example of alkoxyl group include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, and the like.
[0031] As used herein, the term “amino” refers to -NH2 group. Amino groups may also be substituted with one or more groups such as alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, carbonyl or other amino groups.
[0032] As used herein, the term “cycloalkyl” , whether as part of another term or used independently, refers to a partially or fully saturated, monocyclic, or polycyclic carbocyclic ring. In the case of polycyclic carbocyclic ring system, it may include fused (for example, fused with another cycloalkyl ring) , spiro, or bridged ring systems. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is fully saturated. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is partially saturated. Representative cycloalkyls include, but are not limited to, cycloalkyls having from three to twelve carbon atoms (C3-C12 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C3-C12 cycloalkenyl) , from three to ten carbon atoms (C3-C10 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C3-C10 cycloalkenyl) , from three to eight carbon atoms (C3-C8 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C3-C8 cycloalkenyl) , from three to six carbon atoms (C3-C6 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C3-C6 cycloalkenyl) , from three to five carbon atoms (C3-C5 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C3-C5 cycloalkenyl) , or three to four carbon atoms (C3-C4 fully saturated cycloalkyl or C3-C4 cycloalkenyl) . In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is a 3-to 12-membered cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is a 3-to 10-membered cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is a 3-to 6-membered cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, the cycloalkyl is a 5-to 6-membered cycloalkyl. Monocyclic cycloalkyls include, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl. Polycyclic cycloalkyls include, for example, adamantyl, norbornyl, decalinyl, bicyclo [3.3.0] octane, bicyclo [4.3.0] nonane, cis-decalin, trans-decalin, bicyclo [2.1.1] hexane, bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, bicyclo [2.2.2] octane, bicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, and bicyclo [3.3.2] decane, and 7, 7-dimethyl-bicyclo [2.2.1] heptanyl. Partially saturated cycloalkyls include, for example cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, and cyclooctenyl. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a cycloalkyl is optionally substituted at one or more ring positions with substituents as described herein.
[0033] As used herein, the term “cyano” refers to -CN.
[0034] As used herein, the term “nitro” refers to -NO2.
[0035] As used herein, the term “halogen” refers to an atom selected from fluorine (or fluoro) , chlorine (or chloro) , bromine (or bromo) and iodine (or iodo) .
[0036] As used herein, the term “haloalkyl” refers to an alkyl substituted with one or more halogens. In some embodiments, the haloalkyl may contain 1 to 6 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the haloalkyl may contain 1 to 4 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the haloalkyl may contain 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Examples of haloalkyl include, but not limited to, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, fluoromethyl, chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, dibromomethyl, tribromomethyl and tetrafluoroethyl.
[0037] As used herein, the term “heteroatom” refers to nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus or silicon, and includes any oxidized form of nitrogen or sulfur, and any quaternized form of a basic nitrogen (including N-oxides) .
[0038] As used herein, the term “heteroalkyl” refers to an alkyl, at least one of the carbon atoms of which is replaced with a heteroatom selected from N, O, or S. The heteroalkyl may be a carbon radical or heteroatom radical (i.e., the heteroatom may appear in the middle or at the end of the radical) , and may be optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents described herein. The term “heteroalkyl” encompasses alkoxyl and heteroalkoxy radicals.
[0039] As used herein, the term “heteroalkenyl” refers to an alkenyl, at least one of the carbon atoms of which is replaced with a heteroatom selected from N, O, or S. The heteroalkenyl may be a carbon radical or heteroatom radical (i.e., the heteroatom may appear in the middle or at the end of the radical) , and may be optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents described herein.
[0040] As used herein, the term “heteroalkynyl” refers to an alkynyl, at least one of the carbon atoms of which is replaced with a heteroatom selected from N, O, or S. The heteroalkynyl may be a carbon radical or heteroatom radical (i.e., the heteroatom may appear in the middle or at the end of the radical) , and may be optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents described herein.
[0041] As used herein, the term “heterocycloalkyl” refers to a cycloalkyl, at least one of the carbon atoms of which is replaced with a heteroatom selected from N, O, or S. The heterocycloalkyl may be a carbon radical or heteroatom radical (i.e., the heteroatom may appear in the middle or at the end of the radical) , and may be optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents described herein.
[0042] As used herein, the term “hydroxyl” refers to -OH.
[0043] As used herein, the term “hydroxylalkyl” refers to -alkyl-OH.
[0044] As used herein, the term “partially saturated” or “partially unsaturated” refers to a radical that includes at least one double or triple bond. The term “partially saturated” or “partially unsaturated” is intended to encompass rings having multiple sites of unsaturation, but is not intended to include aromatic (i.e., fully unsaturated) moieties.
[0045] As used herein, the term “substituted” , whether preceded by the term “optionally” or not, means that one or more hydrogens of the designated moiety are replaced with a suitable substituent. Typical substituents include, but are not limited to, the functional groups as described herein, such as halogen, hydroxyl, amino, cyano, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and the like, each of which may also be similarly substituted. It will be understood that “substitution” or “substituted with” includes the implicit proviso that such substitution is in accordance with permitted valence of the substituted atom and that the substitution results in a stable or chemically feasible compound, e.g., which does not spontaneously undergo transformation such as by rearrangement, cyclization, elimination, etc. Unless otherwise indicated, an “optionally substituted” group may have a suitable substituent at each substitutable position of the group, and when more than one position in any given structure may be substituted with more than one substituent selected from a specified group, the substituent may be either the same or different at every position. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that substituents can themselves be substituted, if appropriate. Unless specifically stated as “unsubstituted” , references to chemical moieties herein are understood to include substituted variants. For example, reference to an “alkyl” group or moiety implicitly includes both substituted and unsubstituted variants.
[0046] As used herein, the term “agonist” refers to a modulator that binds to a receptor or enzyme and activates the receptor to elicit a biological response. In some embodiments, the term “agonist” includes full agonists or partial agonists. “Full agonist” refers to a modulator that binds to and activates a receptor with the maximum response that an agonist can elicit at the receptor. “Partial agonist” refers to a modulator that binds to and activates a given receptor, but has partial efficacy, that is, less than the maximal response, at the receptor relative to a full agonist. It is generally accepted that partial agonists exhibit less than 75%Emax.Compounds
[0047] The present disclosure provides novel compounds of Formula (A) , (B) , (A1) , (B1) , (A1-1) , (A1-2) , (B1-1) , (B1-2) , (A1-a) , (A1-b) , (B1-a) , (A1-a-1) , (A1-b-1) , (B1-a-1) , (A1-a-2) , (A1-b-2) , (B1-a-2) , (I) , (II) , (Ia) , (Ib) , (IIa) , (IIb) , (Ia-1) , (Ia-2) , (Ib-1) , (Ib-2) , (IIa-1) , (IIa-2) , (IIb-1) , or (IIb-2) , and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, synthetic methods for making the compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and various uses of the disclosed compounds.
[0048] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides compounds that are agonists of the 5-HT2A receptor. In some embodiments, the compounds are full agonists of the 5-HT2A receptor. In some embodiments, the compounds are partial agonists of the 5-HT2A receptor. In some embodiments, the compounds selectively bind to the 5-HT2A receptor.
[0049] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound having a Formula (A) or Formula (B) : or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, X is -O-, -S-or -N (RX) -; RX is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and cycloalkyl; each of Y1, Y2 and Y3 is independently selected from N or CH; is a single bond or double bond; each of R1, R2, R3a, R3b, R4a, R4b, R5a, R5b, R6a, and R6b is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, hydrogen, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, alkoxyl, alkylthio, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -ORa, -C (O) Ra, -C (O) ORa, -C (O) N (Ra) (Rb) , -OC (O) Ra, -N (Rb) C (O) Ra, -S (O) Ra, -S (O) 2Ra, -N (Ra) (Rb) , -alkyl-cycloalkyl, -alkyl-heterocycloalkyl, -alkyl-aryl, -alkyl-heteroaryl, -alkyl-ORa, -alkyl-C (O) Ra, -alkyl-C (O) ORa, -alkyl-C (O) N (Ra) (Rb) , -alkyl-OC (O) Ra, -alkyl-N (Rb) C (O) Ra, -alkyl-S (O) Ra, -alkyl-S (O) 2Ra and -alkyl-N (Ra) (Rb) , wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, alkoxyl, alkylthio, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -alkyl-cycloalkyl, -alkyl-heterocycloalkyl, -alkyl-aryl and -alkyl-heteroaryl are independently optionally substituted with one or more Rc; Ra and Rb at each occurrence are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, where the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl are independently optionally substituted with one or more Rc; each Rc is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, amino, cyano, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, -NH (alkyl) and -N (alkyl) 2; m is 0, 1, 2 or 3; n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; and provided that the compound is not
[0050] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound having a formula selected from: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0051] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound having a formula selected from: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0052] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound having a formula selected from: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0053] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound having a formula selected from: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0054] In some embodiments of compounds of Formula (A) , (B) , (A1) , (B1) , (A1-1) , (A1-2) , (B1-1) , (B1-2) , (A1-a) , (A1-b) , (B1-a) , (A1-a-1) , (A1-b-1) , (B1-a-1) , (A1-a-2) , (A1-b-2) or (B1-a-2) , each of Y1, Y2 and Y3 is independently CH.
[0055] In some embodiments of compounds of Formula (A) , (B) , (A1) , (B1) , (A1-1) , (A1-2) , (B1-1) , (B1-2) , (A1-a) , (A1-b) , (B1-a) , (A1-a-1) , (A1-b-1) , (B1-a-1) , (A1-a-2) , (A1-b-2) or (B1-a-2) , one of Y1, Y2 and Y3 is N, and the other two are CH. In certain embodiments, Y1 is N and both Y2 and Y3 are CH. In certain embodiments, Y2 is N and both Y1 and Y3 are CH. In certain embodiments, Y3 is N and both Y1 and Y2 are CH.
[0056] In some embodiments of compounds of Formula (A) or (B) , each of R1, R2, R3a, R3b, R4a, R4b, R5a, R5b, R6a, and R6b is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, alkyl (such as C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl or C1-2 alkyl, e.g., C6 alkyl, C5 alkyl, C4 alkyl, C3 alkyl, C2 alkyl or C1 alkyl) , alkynyl (such as C2-6 alkynyl, C2-5 alkynyl, C2-4 alkynyl or C2-3 alkynyl, e.g., C6 alkynyl, C5 alkynyl, C4 alkynyl, C3 alkynyl or C2 alkynyl) , haloalkyl (such as C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-5 haloalkyl, C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-3 haloalkyl or C1-2 haloalkyl, e.g., C6 haloalkyl, C5 haloalkyl, C4 haloalkyl, C3 haloalkyl, C2 haloalkyl or C1 haloalkyl) , alkoxyl (such as C1-6 alkoxyl, C1-5 alkoxyl, C1-4 alkoxyl, C1-3 alkoxyl or C1-2 alkoxyl, e.g., C6 alkoxyl, C5 alkoxyl, C4 alkoxyl, C3 alkoxyl, C2 alkoxyl or C1 alkoxyl) , heteroalkyl (such as C1-6 heteroalkyl, C1-5 heteroalkyl, C1-4 heteroalkyl, C1-3 heteroalkyl or C1-2 heteroalkyl, e.g., C6 heteroalkyl, C5 heteroalkyl, C4 heteroalkyl, C3 heteroalkyl, C2 heteroalkyl or C1 heteroalkyl) , hydroxyalkyl (such as C1-6 hydroxyalkyl, C1-5 hydroxyalkyl, C1-4 hydroxyalkyl, C1-3 hydroxyalkyl or C1-2 hydroxyalkyl, e.g., C6 hydroxyalkyl, C5 hydroxyalkyl, C4 hydroxyalkyl, C3 hydroxyalkyl, C2 hydroxyalkyl or C1 hydroxyalkyl) , cycloalkyl (such as C3-8 cycloalkyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C3-5 cycloalkyl, or C3-4 cycloalkyl, e.g., C8 cycloalkyl, C7 cycloalkyl, C6 cycloalkyl, C5 cycloalkyl, C4 cycloalkyl or C3 cycloalkyl) , heterocycloalkyl (such as 3-to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl, 3-to 9-membered heterocycloalkyl, 3-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl, 3-to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, 3-to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, 3-to 5-membered heterocycloalkyl, or 3-to 4-membered heterocycloalkyl, e.g., 10-membered heterocycloalkyl, 9-membered heterocycloalkyl, 8-membered heterocycloalkyl, 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, 5-membered heterocycloalkyl, 4-membered heterocycloalkyl or 3-membered heterocycloalkyl) , heteroaryl (such as 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 9-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 8-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 7-membered heteroaryl or 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, e.g., 10-membered heteroaryl, 9-membered heteroaryl, 8-membered heteroaryl, 7-membered heteroaryl, 6-membered heteroaryl or 5-membered heteroaryl) , -alkyl-heteroaryl (such as -C1-3 alkyl-5-to 10-membered heteroaryl, -C1-3 alkyl-5-to 9-membered heteroaryl, -C1-3 alkyl-5-to 8-membered heteroaryl, -C1-3 alkyl-5-to 7-membered heteroaryl or -C1-3 alkyl-5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, e.g., -C3 alkyl-10-membered heteroaryl, -C3 alkyl-9-membered heteroaryl, -C3 alkyl-8-membered heteroaryl, -C3 alkyl-7-membered heteroaryl, -C3 alkyl-6-membered heteroaryl, -C3 alkyl-5-membered heteroaryl, -C2 alkyl-10-membered heteroaryl, -C2 alkyl-9-membered heteroaryl, -C2 alkyl-8-membered heteroaryl, -C2 alkyl-7-membered heteroaryl, -C2 alkyl-6-membered heteroaryl, -C2 alkyl-5-membered heteroaryl, -C1 alkyl-10-membered heteroaryl, -C1 alkyl-9-membered heteroaryl, -C1 alkyl-8-membered heteroaryl, -C1 alkyl-7-membered heteroaryl, -C1 alkyl-6-membered heteroaryl or -C1 alkyl-5-membered heteroaryl) , -alkyl-C (O) Ra (such as -C1-6 alkyl-C (O) Ra, -C1-5 alkyl-C (O) Ra, -C1-4 alkyl-C (O) Ra, -C1-3 alkyl-C (O) Ra or -C1-2 alkyl-C (O) Ra, e.g., -C6 alkyl-C (O) Ra, -C5 alkyl-C (O) Ra, -C4 alkyl-C (O) Ra, -C3 alkyl-C (O) Ra, -C2 alkyl-C (O) Ra or -C1 alkyl-C (O) Ra) , -alkyl-C (O) ORa (such as -C1-6 alkyl-C (O) ORa, -C1-5 alkyl-C (O) ORa, -C1-4 alkyl-C (O) ORa, -C1-3 alkyl-C (O) ORa or -C1-2 alkyl-C (O) ORa, e.g., -C6 alkyl-C (O) ORa, -C5 alkyl-C (O) ORa, -C4 alkyl-C (O) ORa, -C3 alkyl-C (O) ORa, -C2 alkyl-C (O) ORa or -C1 alkyl-C (O) ORa) , -ORa, -C (O) Ra, -C (O) ORa, -C (O) N (Ra) (Rb) , -OC (O) Ra and -S (O) 2Ra, wherein the alkyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyl, heteroalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl heteroaryl and -alkyl-heteroaryl are independently optionally substituted with one or more Rc. In certain embodiments, Rc is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, amino, cyano, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, -NH (alkyl) and -N (alkyl) 2.
[0057] In some embodiments of compounds of Formula (A) or (B) , each of R1, R2, R3a, R3b, R4a, R4b, R5a, R5b, R6a, and R6b is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, ethynyl, -CHF2, -CF3, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, oxetanyl, azetidinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, isoxazolyl, triazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, -CH2-pyrazolyl, -CH2CH2OH, -OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CH2CH2OCH3, -OCH2CH3, -C (O) CH3, -C (O) CH2CH3, -C (O) CH (CH3) 2, -C (O) C (CH3) 3, -C (O) OCH3, -C (O) OCH2CH3, -C (O) N (CH3) 2, -S (O) 2CH3, -CH2C (O) CH3, -CH2C (O) OCH3, -OC (O) CH3, -C (O) -cyclopropyl and -C (O) -cyclobutyl, wherein the methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, ethynyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, oxetanyl, azetidinyl are independently optionally substituted with one or more Rc. In some embodiments, each Rc is independently halogen, amino, cyano, hydroxyl, alkyl (such as C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl or C1-2 alkyl, e.g., C6 alkyl, C5 alkyl, C4 alkyl, C3 alkyl, C2 alkyl or C1 alkyl) or alkoxyl (such as C1-4 alkoxyl, C1-3 alkoxyl or C1-2 alkoxyl, e.g., C4 alkoxyl, C3 alkoxyl, C2 alkoxyl or C1 alkoxyl) . In some embodiments, each of R1, R2, R3a, R3b, R4a, R4b, R5a, R5b, R6a, and R6b is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, ethynyl, -CHF2, -CF3, cyclopropyl optionally substituted with methyl, cyclobutyl optionally substituted with methyl, oxetanyl optionally substituted with methyl, azetidinyl optionally substituted with methyl, -OCH3, -CH2OCH3, and -OCH2CH3.
[0058] In some embodiments of compounds of Formula (A) , (B) , (A1) , (B1) , (A1-1) , (A1-2) , (B1-1) , (B1-2) , (A1-a) , (A1-b) , (B1-a) , (A1-a-1) , (A1-b-1) , (B1-a-1) , (A1-a-2) , (A1-b-2) or (B1-a-2) , R3a, R3b, R5a and R5b is independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxyl, alkoxyl (such as C1-6 alkoxyl, C1-5 alkoxyl, C1-4 alkoxyl, C1-3 alkoxyl or C1-2 alkoxyl, e.g., C6 alkoxyl, C5 alkoxyl, C4 alkoxyl, C3 alkoxyl, C2 alkoxyl or C1 alkoxyl) , alkyl (such as C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl or C1-2 alkyl, e.g., C6 alkyl, C5 alkyl, C4 alkyl, C3 alkyl, C2 alkyl or C1 alkyl) or -OC (O) Ra. In certain embodiments, each of R3a, R3b, R5a and R5b is independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxyl, -CH3, -OCH3, -OCH2CH3 or -OC (O) CH3.
[0059] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound having a Formula (I) or Formula (II) : or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein, X is -O-, -S-or -N (RX) -; RX is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and cycloalkyl; is a single bond or double bond; each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, cyano, nitro, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, alkoxyl, alkylthio, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -ORa, -C (O) Ra, -C (O) ORa, -C (O) N (Ra) (Rb) , -OC (O) Ra, -N (Rb) C (O) Ra, -S (O) Ra, -S (O) 2Ra, -N (Ra) (Rb) , -alkyl-cycloalkyl, -alkyl-heterocycloalkyl, -alkyl-aryl, -alkyl-heteroaryl, -alkyl-ORa, -alkyl-C (O) Ra, -alkyl-C (O) ORa, -alkyl-C (O) N (Ra) (Rb) , -alkyl-OC (O) Ra, -alkyl-N (Rb) C (O) Ra, -alkyl-S (O) Ra, -alkyl-S (O) 2Ra and -alkyl-N (Ra) (Rb) wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, alkoxyl, alkylthio, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -alkyl-cycloalkyl, -alkyl-heterocycloalkyl, -alkyl-aryl and -alkyl-heteroaryl are independently optionally substituted with one or more Rc; Ra and Rb at each occurrence are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, where the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl are independently optionally substituted with one or more Rc; each Rc is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, amino, cyano, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, -NH (alkyl) and -N (alkyl) 2; p is 0, 1, 2 or 3; q is 0 or 1; m is 0, 1, 2 or 3; n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; and provided that p+q is an integer of at least 1.
[0060] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound having a formula selected from: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0061] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound having a formula selected from: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0062] In some embodiments of compounds of Formula (A) , (A1) , (A1-1) , (A1-2) , (I) , (Ia) or (Ib) , X is -O-, -S-or -N (RX) -. In some embodiments, X is S. In some embodiments, X is -N (RX) -.
[0063] In some embodiments of compounds of Formula (A) , (A1) , (A1-1) , (A1-2) , (A1-b) , (A1-b-1) , (A1-b-2) , (I) , (Ia) , (Ib) , (Ia-1) or (Ib-1) , RX is hydrogen, alkyl (such as C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl or C1-2 alkyl, e.g., C6 alkyl, C5 alkyl, C4 alkyl, C3 alkyl, C2 alkyl, or C1 alkyl) or cycloalkyl (such as C3-6 cycloalkyl, C3-5 cycloalkyl, or C3-4 cycloalkyl, e.g., C6 cycloalkyl, C5 cycloalkyl, C4 cycloalkyl or C3 cycloalkyl) . In some embodiments, RX is hydrogen. In some embodiments, RX is methyl. In some embodiments, RX is cyclopropyl.
[0064] In some embodiments of compounds of Formula (A) , (B) , (A1) , (B1) , (A1-1) , (A1-2) , (B1-1) , (B1-2) , (A1-a) , (A1-b) , (B1-a) , (A1-a-1) , (A1-b-1) , (B1-a-1) , (A1-a-2) , (A1-b-2) , (B1-a-2) , (I) , (II) , (Ia) , (Ib) , (IIa) , (IIb) , (Ia-1) , (Ia-2) , (Ib-1) , (Ib-2) , (IIa-1) , (IIa-2) , (IIb-1) or (IIb-2) , each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, alkyl (such as C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl or C1-2 alkyl, e.g., C6 alkyl, C5 alkyl, C4 alkyl, C3 alkyl, C2 alkyl or C1 alkyl) , alkynyl (such as C2-6 alkynyl, C2-5 alkynyl, C2-4 alkynyl or C2-3 alkynyl, e.g., C6 alkynyl, C5 alkynyl, C4 alkynyl, C3 alkynyl or C2 alkynyl) , haloalkyl (such as C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-5 haloalkyl, C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-3 haloalkyl or C1-2 haloalkyl, e.g., C6 haloalkyl, C5 haloalkyl, C4 haloalkyl, C3 haloalkyl, C2 haloalkyl or C1 haloalkyl) , alkoxyl (such as C1-4 alkoxyl, C1-3 alkoxyl or C1-2 alkoxyl, e.g., C4 alkoxyl, C3 alkoxyl, C2 alkoxyl or C1 alkoxyl) , heteroalkyl (such as C1-6 heteroalkyl, C1-5 heteroalkyl, C1-4 heteroalkyl, C1-3 heteroalkyl or C1-2 heteroalkyl, e.g., C6 heteroalkyl, C5 heteroalkyl, C4 heteroalkyl, C3 heteroalkyl, C2 heteroalkyl or C1 heteroalkyl) , hydroxyalkyl (such as C1-6 hydroxyalkyl, C1-5 hydroxyalkyl, C1-4 hydroxyalkyl, C1-3 hydroxyalkyl or C1-2 hydroxyalkyl, e.g., C6 hydroxyalkyl, C5 hydroxyalkyl, C4 hydroxyalkyl, C3 hydroxyalkyl, C2 hydroxyalkyl or C1 hydroxyalkyl) , cycloalkyl (such as C3-6 cycloalkyl, C3-5 cycloalkyl, or C3-4 cycloalkyl, e.g., C6 cycloalkyl, C5 cycloalkyl, C4 cycloalkyl or C3 cycloalkyl) , heterocycloalkyl (such as 3-to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl, 3-to 9-membered heterocycloalkyl, 3-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl, 3-to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, 3-to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, 3-to 5-membered heterocycloalkyl, or 3-to 4-membered heterocycloalkyl, e.g., 10-membered heterocycloalkyl, 9-membered heterocycloalkyl, 8-membered heterocycloalkyl, 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, 5-membered heterocycloalkyl, 4-membered heterocycloalkyl or 3-membered heterocycloalkyl) , heteroaryl (such as 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 9-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 8-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 7-membered heteroaryl or 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, e.g., 10-membered heteroaryl, 9-membered heteroaryl, 8-membered heteroaryl, 7-membered heteroaryl, 6-membered heteroaryl or 5-membered heteroaryl) , -alkyl-heteroaryl (such as -C1-3 alkyl-5-to 10-membered heteroaryl, -C1-3 alkyl-5-to 9-membered heteroaryl, -C1-3 alkyl-5-to 8-membered heteroaryl, -C1-3 alkyl-5-to 7-membered heteroaryl or -C1-3 alkyl-5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, e.g., -C3 alkyl-10-membered heteroaryl, -C3 alkyl-9-membered heteroaryl, -C3 alkyl-8-membered heteroaryl, -C3 alkyl-7-membered heteroaryl, -C3 alkyl-6-membered heteroaryl, -C3 alkyl-5-membered heteroaryl, -C2 alkyl-10-membered heteroaryl, -C2 alkyl-9-membered heteroaryl, -C2 alkyl-8-membered heteroaryl, -C2 alkyl-7-membered heteroaryl, -C2 alkyl-6-membered heteroaryl, -C2 alkyl-5-membered heteroaryl, -C1 alkyl-10-membered heteroaryl, -C1 alkyl-9-membered heteroaryl, -C1 alkyl-8-membered heteroaryl, -C1 alkyl-7-membered heteroaryl, -C1 alkyl-6-membered heteroaryl or -C1 alkyl-5-membered heteroaryl) , -alkyl-C (O) Ra (such as -C1-6 alkyl-C (O) Ra, -C1-5 alkyl-C (O) Ra, -C1-4 alkyl-C (O) Ra, -C1-3 alkyl-C (O) Ra or -C1-2 alkyl-C (O) Ra, e.g., -C6 alkyl-C (O) Ra, -C5 alkyl-C (O) Ra, -C4 alkyl-C (O) Ra, -C3 alkyl-C (O) Ra, -C2 alkyl-C (O) Ra or -C1 alkyl-C (O) Ra) , -alkyl-C (O) ORa (such as -C1-6 alkyl-C (O) ORa, -C1-5 alkyl-C (O) ORa, -C1-4 alkyl-C (O) ORa, -C1-3 alkyl-C (O) ORa or -C1-2 alkyl-C (O) ORa, e.g., -C6 alkyl-C (O) ORa, -C5 alkyl-C (O) ORa, -C4 alkyl-C (O) ORa, -C3 alkyl-C (O) ORa, -C2 alkyl-C (O) ORa or -C1 alkyl-C (O) ORa) , -C (O) Ra, -C (O) ORa, -C (O) N (Ra) (Rb) and -S (O) 2Ra, wherein the alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyl, heteroalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl and -alkyl-heteroaryl are independently optionally substituted with one or more Rc. In some embodiments, each Rc is independently selected from halogen, amino, cyano, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkoxyl, or haloalkyl. In some embodiments, each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from the the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, ethynyl, -CHF2, -CF3, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, oxetanyl, azetidinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, isoxazolyl, triazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, -CH2-pyrazolyl, -OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -OCH2CH3, -CH2CH2OH, -CH2CH2OCH3, -C (O) CH3, -C (O) CH2CH3, -C (O) CH (CH3) 2, -C (O) C (CH3) 3, -C (O) OCH3, -C (O) OCH2CH3, -C (O) N (CH3) 2, -S (O) 2CH3, -CH2C (O) CH3, -CH2C (O) OCH3, -OC (O) CH3, -C (O) -cyclopropyl and -C (O) -cyclobutyl, wherein the methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, ethynyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, oxetanyl, azetidinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, isoxazolyl, triazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl and -CH2-pyrazolyl are independently optionally substituted with one or more Rc. In some embodiments, each Rc is independently halogen, amino, cyano, hydroxyl, alkyl (such as C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl or C1-2 alkyl, e.g., C6 alkyl, C5 alkyl, C4 alkyl, C3 alkyl, C2 alkyl or C1 alkyl) or alkoxyl (such as C1-4 alkoxyl, C1-3 alkoxyl or C1-2 alkoxyl, e.g., C4 alkoxyl, C3 alkoxyl, C2 alkoxyl or C1 alkoxyl) . In some embodiments, each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, ethynyl, -CHF2, -CF3, cyclopropyl optionally substituted with methyl, cyclobutyl optionally substituted with methyl, oxetanyl optionally substituted with methyl, azetidinyl optionally substituted with methyl, -OCH3, -CH2OCH3, and -OCH2CH3.
[0065] In some embodiments of compounds of Formula (A) , (B) , (A1) , (B1) , (A1-1) , (A1-2) , (B1-1) , (B1-2) , (A1-a) , (A1-b) , (B1-a) , (A1-a-1) , (A1-b-1) , (B1-a-1) , (A1-a-2) , (A1-b-2) , (B1-a-2) , (I) , (II) , (Ia) , (Ib) , (IIa) , (IIb) , (Ia-1) , (Ia-2) , (Ib-1) , (Ib-2) , (IIa-1) , (IIa-2) , (IIb-1) or (IIb-2) , each R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, alkyl (such as C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl or C1-2 alkyl, e.g., C6 alkyl, C5 alkyl, C4 alkyl, C3 alkyl, C2 alkyl or C1 alkyl) , alkynyl (such as C2-6 alkynyl, C2-5 alkynyl, C2-4 alkynyl or C2-3 alkynyl, e.g., C6 alkynyl, C5 alkynyl, C4 alkynyl, C3 alkynyl or C2 alkynyl) , haloalkyl (such as C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-5 haloalkyl, C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-3 haloalkyl or C1-2 haloalkyl, e.g., C6 haloalkyl, C5 haloalkyl, C4 haloalkyl, C3 haloalkyl, C2 haloalkyl or C1 haloalkyl) , alkoxyl (such as C1-4 alkoxyl, C1-3 alkoxyl or C1-2 alkoxyl, e.g., C4 alkoxyl, C3 alkoxyl, C2 alkoxyl or C1 alkoxyl) , heteroalkyl (such as C1-6 heteroalkyl, C1-5 heteroalkyl, C1-4 heteroalkyl, C1-3 heteroalkyl or C1-2 heteroalkyl, e.g., C6 heteroalkyl, C5 heteroalkyl, C4 heteroalkyl, C3 heteroalkyl, C2 heteroalkyl or C1 heteroalkyl) , hydroxyalkyl (such as C1-6 hydroxyalkyl, C1-5 hydroxyalkyl, C1-4 hydroxyalkyl, C1-3 hydroxyalkyl or C1-2 hydroxyalkyl, e.g., C6 hydroxyalkyl, C5 hydroxyalkyl, C4 hydroxyalkyl, C3 hydroxyalkyl, C2 hydroxyalkyl or C1 hydroxyalkyl) , cycloalkyl (such as C3-6 cycloalkyl, C3-5 cycloalkyl, or C3-4 cycloalkyl, e.g., C6 cycloalkyl, C5 cycloalkyl, C4 cycloalkyl or C3 cycloalkyl) , heterocycloalkyl (such as 3-to 10-membered heterocycloalkyl, 3-to 9-membered heterocycloalkyl, 3-to 8-membered heterocycloalkyl, 3-to 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, 3-to 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, 3-to 5-membered heterocycloalkyl, or 3-to 4-membered heterocycloalkyl, e.g., 10-membered heterocycloalkyl, 9-membered heterocycloalkyl, 8-membered heterocycloalkyl, 7-membered heterocycloalkyl, 6-membered heterocycloalkyl, 5-membered heterocycloalkyl, 4-membered heterocycloalkyl or 3-membered heterocycloalkyl) , heteroaryl (such as 5-to 10-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 9-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 8-membered heteroaryl, 5-to 7-membered heteroaryl or 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, e.g., 10-membered heteroaryl, 9-membered heteroaryl, 8-membered heteroaryl, 7-membered heteroaryl, 6-membered heteroaryl or 5-membered heteroaryl) , -alkyl-heteroaryl (such as -C1-3 alkyl-5-to 10-membered heteroaryl, -C1-3 alkyl-5-to 9-membered heteroaryl, -C1-3 alkyl-5-to 8-membered heteroaryl, -C1-3 alkyl-5-to 7-membered heteroaryl or -C1-3 alkyl-5-to 6-membered heteroaryl, e.g., -C3 alkyl-10-membered heteroaryl, -C3 alkyl-9-membered heteroaryl, -C3 alkyl-8-membered heteroaryl, -C3 alkyl-7-membered heteroaryl, -C3 alkyl-6-membered heteroaryl, -C3 alkyl-5-membered heteroaryl, -C2 alkyl-10-membered heteroaryl, -C2 alkyl-9-membered heteroaryl, -C2 alkyl-8-membered heteroaryl, -C2 alkyl-7-membered heteroaryl, -C2 alkyl-6-membered heteroaryl, -C2 alkyl-5-membered heteroaryl, -C1 alkyl-10-membered heteroaryl, -C1 alkyl-9-membered heteroaryl, -C1 alkyl-8-membered heteroaryl, -C1 alkyl-7-membered heteroaryl, -C1 alkyl-6-membered heteroaryl or -C1 alkyl-5-membered heteroaryl) , -alkyl-C (O) Ra (such as -C1-6 alkyl-C (O) Ra, -C1-5 alkyl-C (O) Ra, -C1-4 alkyl-C (O) Ra, -C1-3 alkyl-C (O) Ra or -C1-2 alkyl-C (O) Ra, e.g., -C6 alkyl-C (O) Ra, -C5 alkyl-C (O) Ra, -C4 alkyl-C (O) Ra, -C3 alkyl-C (O) Ra, -C2 alkyl-C (O) Ra or -C1 alkyl-C (O) Ra) , -alkyl-C (O) ORa (such as -C1-6 alkyl-C (O) ORa, -C1-5 alkyl-C (O) ORa, -C1-4 alkyl-C (O) ORa, -C1-3 alkyl-C (O) ORa or -C1-2 alkyl-C (O) ORa, e.g., -C6 alkyl-C (O) ORa, -C5 alkyl-C (O) ORa, -C4 alkyl-C (O) ORa, -C3 alkyl-C (O) ORa, -C2 alkyl-C (O) ORa or -C1 alkyl-C (O) ORa) , -C (O) Ra, -C (O) ORa, -C (O) N (Ra) (Rb) , and -S (O) 2Ra, wherein the alkyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyl, heteroalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl and -alkyl-heteroaryl are independently optionally substituted with one or more Rc. In some embodiments, each R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, ethynyl, -CF3, -CHF2, -OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -OCH2CH3, -CH2CH2OH, -CH2CH2OCH3, -C (O) CH3, -C (O) CH2CH3, -C (O) CH (CH3) 2, -C (O) C (CH3) 3, -C (O) OCH3, -C (O) OCH2CH3, -C (O) N (CH3) 2, -S (O) 2CH3, -CH2C (O) CH3, -CH2C (O) OCH3, -OC (O) CH3, -C (O) -cyclopropyl and -C (O) -cyclobutyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, oxetanyl, azetidinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, isoxazolyl, triazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl and -CH2-pyrazolyl, wherein the methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, ethynyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, oxetanyl, azetidinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, isoxazolyl, triazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl and -CH2-pyrazolyl are independently optionally substituted with one or more Rc. In some embodiments, each Rc is independently halogen, amino, cyano, hydroxyl, or alkyl (such as C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl or C1-2 alkyl, e.g., C6 alkyl, C5 alkyl, C4 alkyl, C3 alkyl, C2 alkyl or C1 alkyl) or alkoxyl (such as C1-4 alkoxyl, C1-3 alkoxyl or C1-2 alkoxyl, e.g., C4 alkoxyl, C3 alkoxyl, C2 alkoxyl or C1 alkoxyl) . In some embodiments, each R1 is independently selected from halogen, cyano, methyl, ethyl, ethynyl, -CF3, -CHF2, -OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -OCH2CH3, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, oxetanyl, or azetidinyl. In some embodiments, each R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, cyano, methyl, ethyl, ethynyl, -CF3, -CHF2 -OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -OCH2CH3, cyclopropyl optionally substituted with methyl, cyclobutyl optionally substituted with methyl, oxetanyl optionally substituted with methyl, and azetidinyl optionally substituted with methyl. In some embodiments, each R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, alkyl (such as C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl or C1-2 alkyl, e.g., C6 alkyl, C5 alkyl, C4 alkyl, C3 alkyl, C2 alkyl or C1 alkyl) , haloalkyl (such as C1-6 haloalkyl, C1-5 haloalkyl, C1-4 haloalkyl, C1-3 haloalkyl or C1-2 haloalkyl, e.g., C6 haloalkyl, C5 haloalkyl, C4 haloalkyl, C3 haloalkyl, C2 haloalkyl or C1 haloalkyl) , alkoxyl (such as C1-4 alkoxyl, C1-3 alkoxyl or C1-2 alkoxyl, e.g., C4 alkoxyl, C3 alkoxyl, C2 alkoxyl or C1 alkoxyl) , and cycloalkyl (such as C3-6 cycloalkyl, C3-5 cycloalkyl, or C3-4 cycloalkyl, e.g., C6 cycloalkyl, C5 cycloalkyl, C4 cycloalkyl or C3 cycloalkyl) . In some embodiments, each R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, -CH3, -CF3 and cyclopropyl. In some embodiments, each R2 is independently selected from halogen or -CH3. In certain embodiments, each R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, and -CH3. In some embodiments of compounds of Formula (A) , (B) , (A1) , (B1) , (A1-1) , (A1-2) , (B1-1) , (B1-2) , (A1-a) , (A1-b) , (B1-a) , (A1-a-1) , (A1-b-1) , (B1-a-1) , (A1-a-2) , (A1-b-2) , (B1-a-2) , (I) , (II) , (Ia) , (Ib) , (IIa) , (IIb) , (Ia-1) , (Ia-2) , (Ib-1) , (Ib-2) , (IIa-1) , (IIa-2) , (IIb-1) or (IIb-2) , Ra and Rb at each occurrence are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, Ra and Rb at each occurrence are hydrogen or alkyl (such as C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl or C1-2 alkyl, e.g., C6 alkyl, C5 alkyl, C4 alkyl, C3 alkyl, C2 alkyl or C1 alkyl) .
[0066] In some embodiments of compounds of Formula (A) , (B) , (A1) , (B1) , (A1-1) , (A1-2) , (B1-1) , (B1-2) , (A1-a) , (A1-b) , (B1-a) , (A1-a-1) , (A1-b-1) , (B1-a-1) , (A1-a-2) , (A1-b-2) , (B1-a-2) , (I) , (II) , (Ia) , (Ib) , (IIa) , (IIb) , (Ia-1) , (Ia-2) , (Ib-1) , (Ib-2) , (IIa-1) , (IIa-2) , (IIb-1) or (IIb-2) , Rc is cyano, alkyl (such as C1-6 alkyl, C1-5 alkyl, C1-4 alkyl, C1-3 alkyl or C1-2 alkyl, e.g., C6 alkyl, C5 alkyl, C4 alkyl, C3 alkyl, C2 alkyl or C1 alkyl) , alkoxyl (such as C1-4 alkoxyl, C1-3 alkoxyl or C1-2 alkoxyl, e.g., C4 alkoxyl, C3 alkoxyl, C2 alkoxyl or C1 alkoxyl) . In certain embodiments, Rc is cyano, methyl, ethyl or methoxyl.
[0067] In some embodiments, each R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -F, -Cl, -Br, cyano, hydroxyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, ethynyl, -CHF2, -CF3, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, oxetanyl, azetidinyl, -CH2CH2OH, -CH2CN, -OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CH2CH2OCH3, -OCH2CH3, -C (O) CH3, -C (O) CH2CH3, -C (O) CH (CH3) 2, -C (O) C (CH3) 3, -C (O) OCH3, -C (O) OCH2CH3, -C (O) N (CH3) 2, -S (O) 2CH3, -CH2C (O) CH3, -CH2C (O) OCH3,
[0068] In some embodiments of compounds of Formula (I) , (Ia) , (Ib) , (Ia-1) , (Ia-2) , (Ib-1) or (Ib-2) , p is 0, 1, 2 or 3. In certain embodiments, p is 0 or 1.
[0069] In some embodiments of compounds of Formula (I) , (Ia) , (Ib) , (Ia-1) , (Ia-2) , (Ib-1) or (Ib-2) , q is 0 or 1.
[0070] In some embodiments of compounds of Formula (I) , (Ia) , (Ib) , (Ia-1) , (Ia-2) , (Ib-1) or (Ib-2) , p+q is 1.
[0071] In some embodiments of compounds of Formula (A) , (B) , (A1) , (B1) , (A1-1) , (A1-2) , (B1-1) , (B1-2) , (A1-a) , (A1-b) , (B1-a) , (A1-a-1) , (A1-a-2) , (A1-b-1) , (A1-b-2) , (B1-a-1) , (B1-a-2) , (II) , (IIa) , (IIb) , (IIa-1) , (IIa-2) , (IIb-1) or (IIb-2) , m is 0, 1, 2 or 3. In certain embodiments, m is 0 or 1.
[0072] In some embodiments of compounds of Formula (B) , (B1) , (B1-1) , (B1-2) , (B1-a) , (B1-a-1) , (B1-a-2) , (II) , (IIa) , (IIb) , (IIa-1) , (IIa-2) , (IIb-1) or (IIb-2) , n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. In certain embodiments, n is 0 or 1.
[0073] In some embodiments of compounds of Formula (II) , (IIa) , (IIb) , (IIa-1) , (IIa-2) , (IIb-1) or (IIb-2) , m+n is 0 or 1. In some embodiments, m+n is 0. In some embodiments, m+n is 1.
[0074] In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides a compound selected from Table 1, Table 2, Table 3.1 and Table 3.2. TABLE 1 Table 2 Table 3.1 Table 3.2
[0075] Compounds provided herein are described with reference to both generic formulae and specific compounds. In addition, compounds of the present disclosure may exist in a number of different forms or derivatives, all within the scope of the present disclosure. These include, for example, stereoisomers, racemic mixtures, regioisomers, salts, solvated forms, amorphous forms, different crystal forms or polymorphs.
[0076] As used herein, the term “stereomerically pure” means a composition that comprises one stereoisomer of a compound and is substantially free of other stereoisomers of that compound. For example, a stereomerically pure composition of a compound having one chiral center will be substantially free of the opposite enantiomer of the compound. A stereomerically pure composition of a compound having two chiral centers will be substantially free of other diastereomers of the compound. A typical stereomerically pure compound comprises greater than about 80%by weight of one stereoisomer of the compound and less than about 20%by weight of other stereoisomers of the compound, greater than about 90%by weight of one stereoisomer of the compound and less than about 10%by weight of the other stereoisomers of the compound, greater than about 95%by weight of one stereoisomer of the compound and less than about 5%by weight of the other stereoisomers of the compound, greater than about 97%by weight of one stereoisomer of the compound and less than about 3%by weight of the other stereoisomers of the compound, greater than about 98%by weight of one stereoisomer of the compound and less than about 2%by weight of the other stereoisomers of the compound, greater than about 99%by weight of one stereoisomer of the compound and less than about 1%by weight of the other stereoisomers of the compound.
[0077] In some embodiments, a compound of Formula (A) , (B) , (A1) , (B1) , (A1-1) , (A1-2) , (B1-1) , (B1-2) , (A1-a) , (A1-b) , (B1-a) , (A1-a-1) , (A1-b-1) , (B1-a-1) , (A1-a-2) , (A1-b-2) , (B1-a-2) , (Ia) , (Ib) , (IIa) , (IIb) , (Ia-1) , (Ia-2) , (Ib-1) , (Ib-2) , (IIa-1) , (IIa-2) , (IIb-1) , or (IIb-2) , or any compound as set forth in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3.1 and Table 3.2 is stereomerically pure.
[0078] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a stereomerically pure compound of Formula (A1-1) . In some embodiments, the stereomerically pure compound of Formula (A1-1) comprises greater than about 90%by weight of the compound of Formula (A1-1) and less than about 10%by weight of the compound of Formula (A1-2) , greater than about 95%by weight of the compound of Formula (A1-1) and less than about 5%by weight of the compound of Formula (A1-2) , greater than about 96%by weight of the compound of Formula (A1-1) and less than about 4%by weight of the compound of Formula (A1-2) , greater than about 97%by weight of the compound of Formula (A1-1) and less than about 3%by weight of the compound of Formula (A1-2) , greater than about 98%by weight of the compound of Formula (A1-1) and less than about 2%by weight of the compound of Formula (A1-2) , greater than about 99%by weight of the compound of Formula (A1-1) and less than about 1%by weight of the compound of Formula (A1-2) , or greater than about 99.5%by weight of the compound of Formula (A1-1) and less than about 0.5%by weight of the compound of Formula (A1-2) .
[0079] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a stereomerically pure compound of Formula (B1-1) . In some embodiments, the stereomerically pure compound of Formula (B1-1) comprises greater than about 90%by weight of the compound of Formula (B1-1) and less than about 10%by weight of the compound of Formula (B1-2) , greater than about 95%by weight of the compound of Formula (B1-1) and less than about 5%by weight of the compound of Formula (B1-2) , greater than about 96%by weight of the compound of Formula (B1-1) and less than about 4%by weight of the compound of Formula (B1-2) , greater than about 97%by weight of the compound of Formula (B1-1) and less than about 3%by weight of the compound of Formula (B1-2) , greater than about 98%by weight of the compound of Formula (B1-1) and less than about 2%by weight of the compound of Formula (B1-2) , greater than about 99%by weight of the compound of Formula (B1-1) and less than about 1%by weight of the compound of Formula (B1-2) , or greater than about 99.5%by weight of the compound of Formula (B1-1) and less than about 0.5%by weight of the compound of Formula (B1-2) .
[0080] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a stereomerically pure compound of Formula (A1-a-1) . In some embodiments, the stereomerically pure compound of Formula (A1-a-1) comprises greater than about 90%by weight of the compound of Formula (A1-a-1) and less than about 10%by weight of the compound of Formula (A1-a-2) , greater than about 95%by weight of the compound of Formula (A1-a-1) and less than about 5%by weight of the compound of Formula (A1-a-2) , greater than about 96%by weight of the compound of Formula (A1-a-1) and less than about 4%by weight of the compound of Formula (A1-a-2) , greater than about 97%by weight of the compound of Formula (A1-a-1) and less than about 3%by weight of the compound of Formula (A1-a-2) , greater than about 98%by weight of the compound of Formula (A1-a-1) and less than about 2%by weight of the compound of Formula (A1-a-2) , greater than about 99%by weight of the compound of Formula (A1-a-1) and less than about 1%by weight of the compound of Formula (A1-a-2) , or greater than about 99.5%by weight of the compound of Formula (A1-a-1) and less than about 0.5%by weight of the compound of Formula (A1-a-2) .
[0081] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a stereomerically pure compound of Formula (A1-b-1) . In some embodiments, the stereomerically pure compound of Formula (A1-b-1) comprises greater than about 90%by weight of the compound of Formula (A1-b-1) and less than about 10%by weight of the compound of Formula (A1-b-2) , greater than about 95%by weight of the compound of Formula (A1-b-1) and less than about 5%by weight of the compound of Formula (A1-b-2) , greater than about 96%by weight of the compound of Formula (A1-b-1) and less than about 4%by weight of the compound of Formula (A1-b-2) , greater than about 97%by weight of the compound of Formula (A1-b-1) and less than about 3%by weight of the compound of Formula (A1-b-2) , greater than about 98%by weight of the compound of Formula (A1-b-1) and less than about 2%by weight of the compound of Formula (A1-b-2) , greater than about 99%by weight of the compound of Formula (A1-b-1) and less than about 1%by weight of the compound of Formula (A1-b-2) , or greater than about 99.5%by weight of the compound of Formula (A1-b-1) and less than about 0.5%by weight of the compound of Formula (A1-b-2) .
[0082] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a stereomerically pure compound of Formula (B1-a-1) . In some embodiments, the stereomerically pure compound of Formula (B1-a-1) comprises greater than about 90%by weight of the compound of Formula (B1-a-1) and less than about 10%by weight of the compound of Formula (B1-a-2) , greater than about 95%by weight of the compound of Formula (B1-a-1) and less than about 5%by weight of the compound of Formula (B1-a-2) , greater than about 96%by weight of the compound of Formula (B1-a-1) and less than about 4%by weight of the compound of Formula (B1-a-2) , greater than about 97%by weight of the compound of Formula (B1-a-1) and less than about 3%by weight of the compound of Formula (B1-a-2) , greater than about 98%by weight of the compound of Formula (B1-a-1) and less than about 2%by weight of the compound of Formula (B1-a-2) , greater than about 99%by weight of the compound of Formula (B1-a-1) and less than about 1%by weight of the compound of Formula (B1-a-2) , or greater than about 99.5%by weight of the compound of Formula (B1-a-1) and less than about 0.5%by weight of the compound of Formula (B1-a-2) .
[0083] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a stereomerically pure compound of Formula (Ia) . In some embodiments, the stereomerically pure compound of Formula (Ia) comprises greater than about 90%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ia) and less than about 10%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ib) , greater than about 95%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ia) and less than about 5%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ib) , greater than about 96%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ia) and less than about 4%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ib) , greater than about 97%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ia) and less than about 3%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ib) , greater than about 98%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ia) and less than about 2%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ib) , greater than about 99%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ia) and less than about 1%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ib) , or greater than about 99.5%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ia) and less than about 0.5%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ib) .
[0084] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a stereomerically pure compound of Formula (Ib) . In some embodiments, the stereomerically pure compound of Formula (Ib) comprises greater than about 90%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ib) and less than about 10%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ia) , greater than about 95%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ib) and less than about 5%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ia) , greater than about 96%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ib) and less than about 4%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ia) , greater than about 97%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ib) and less than about 3%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ia) , greater than about 98%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ib) and less than about 2%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ia) , greater than about 99%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ib) and less than about 1%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ia) , or greater than about 99.5%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ib) and less than about 0.5%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ia) .
[0085] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a stereomerically pure compound of Formula (IIa) . In some embodiments, the stereomerically pure compound of Formula (IIa) comprises greater than about 90%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIa) and less than about 10%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIb) , greater than about 95%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIa) and less than about 5%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIb) , greater than about 96%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIa) and less than about 4%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIb) , greater than about 97%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIa) and less than about 3%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIb) , greater than about 98%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIa) and less than about 2%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIb) , greater than about 99%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIa) and less than about 1%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIb) , or greater than about 99.5%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIa) and less than about 0.5%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIb) .
[0086] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a stereomerically pure compound of Formula (IIb) . In some embodiments, the stereomerically pure compound of Formula (IIb) comprises greater than about 90%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIb) and less than about 10%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIa) , greater than about 95%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIb) and less than about 5%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIa) , greater than about 96%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIb) and less than about 4%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIa) , greater than about 97%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIb) and less than about 3%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIa) , greater than about 98%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIb) and less than about 2%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIa) , greater than about 99%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIb) and less than about 1%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIa) , or greater than about 99.5%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIb) and less than about 0.5%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIa) .
[0087] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a stereomerically pure compound of Formula (Ia-1) . In some embodiments, the stereomerically pure compound of Formula (Ia-1) comprises greater than about 90%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ia-1) and less than about 10%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ib-1) , greater than about 95%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ia-1) and less than about 5%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ib-1) , greater than about 96%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ia-1) and less than about 4%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ib-1) , greater than about 97%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ia-1) and less than about 3%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ib-1) , greater than about 98%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ia-1) and less than about 2%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ib-1) , greater than about 99%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ia-1) and less than about 1%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ib-1) , or greater than about 99.5%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ia-1) and less than about 0.5%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ib-1) .
[0088] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a stereomerically pure compound of Formula (Ia-2) . In some embodiments, the stereomerically pure compound of Formula (Ia-2) comprises greater than about 90%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ia-2) and less than about 10%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ib-2) , greater than about 95%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ia-2) and less than about 5%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ib-2) , greater than about 96%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ia-2) and less than about 4%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ib-2) , greater than about 97%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ia-2) and less than about 3%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ib-2) , greater than about 98%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ia-2) and less than about 2%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ib-2) , greater than about 99%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ia-2) and less than about 1%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ib-2) , or greater than about 99.5%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ia-2) and less than about 0.5%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ib-2) .
[0089] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a stereomerically pure compound of Formula (Ib-1) . In some embodiments, the stereomerically pure compound of Formula (Ib-1) comprises greater than about 90%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ib-1) and less than about 10%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ia-1) , greater than about 95%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ib-1) and less than about 5%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ia-1) , greater than about 96%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ib-1) and less than about 4%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ia-1) , greater than about 97%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ib-1) and less than about 3%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ia-1) , greater than about 98%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ib-1) and less than about 2%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ia-1) , greater than about 99%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ib-1) and less than about 1%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ia-1) , or greater than about 99.5%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ib-1) and less than about 0.5%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ia-1) .
[0090] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a stereomerically pure compound of Formula (Ib-2) . In some embodiments, the stereomerically pure compound of Formula (Ib-2) comprises greater than about 90%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ib-2) and less than about 10%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ia-2) , greater than about 95%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ib-2) and less than about 5%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ia-2) , greater than about 96%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ib-2) and less than about 4%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ia-2) , greater than about 97%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ib-2) and less than about 3%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ia-2) , greater than about 98%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ib-2) and less than about 2%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ia-2) , greater than about 99%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ib-2) and less than about 1%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ia-2) , or greater than about 99.5%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ib-2) and less than about 0.5%by weight of the compound of Formula (Ia-2) .
[0091] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a stereomerically pure compound of Formula (IIa-1) . In some embodiments, the stereomerically pure compound of Formula (IIa-1) comprises greater than about 90%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIa-1) and less than about 10%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIb-1) , greater than about 95%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIa-1) and less than about 5%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIb-1) , greater than about 96%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIa-1) and less than about 4%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIb-1) , greater than about 97%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIa-1) and less than about 3%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIb-1) , greater than about 98%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIa-1) and less than about 2%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIb-1) , greater than about 99%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIa-1) and less than about 1%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIb-1) , or greater than about 99.5%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIa-1) and less than about 0.5%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIb-1) .
[0092] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a stereomerically pure compound of Formula (IIa-2) . In some embodiments, the stereomerically pure compound of Formula (IIa-2) comprises greater than about 90%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIa-2) and less than about 10%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIb-2) , greater than about 95%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIa-2) and less than about 5%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIb-2) , greater than about 96%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIa-2) and less than about 4%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIb-2) , greater than about 97%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIa-2) and less than about 3%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIb-2) , greater than about 98%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIa-2) and less than about 2%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIb-2) , greater than about 99%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIa-2) and less than about 1%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIb-2) , or greater than about 99.5%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIa-2) and less than about 0.5%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIb-2) .
[0093] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a stereomerically pure compound of Formula (IIb-1) . In some embodiments, the stereomerically pure compound of Formula (IIb-1) comprises greater than about 90%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIb-1) and less than about 10%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIa-1) , greater than about 95%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIb-1) and less than about 5%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIa-1) , greater than about 96%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIb-1) and less than about 4%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIa-1) , greater than about 97%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIb-1) and less than about 3%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIa-1) , greater than about 98%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIb-1) and less than about 2%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIa-1) , greater than about 99%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIb-1) and less than about 1%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIa-1) , or greater than about 99.5%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIb-1) and less than about 0.5%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIa-1) .
[0094] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a stereomerically pure compound of Formula (IIb-2) . In some embodiments, the stereomerically pure compound of Formula (IIb-2) comprises greater than about 90%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIb-2) and less than about 10%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIa-2) , greater than about 95%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIb-2) and less than about 5%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIa-2) , greater than about 96%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIb-2) and less than about 4%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIa-2) , greater than about 97%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIb-2) and less than about 3%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIa-2) , greater than about 98%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIb-2) and less than about 2%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIa-2) , greater than about 99%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIb-2) and less than about 1%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIa-2) , or greater than about 99.5%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIb-2) and less than about 0.5%by weight of the compound of Formula (IIa-2) .
[0095] The compounds of present disclosure can comprise one or more asymmetric centers depending on substituent selection, and thus can exist in various stereoisomeric forms, e.g., enantiomers and / or diastereomers. As used herein, the term “enantiomer” refers to two stereoisomers of a compound which are non-superimposable mirror images of one another. The term “diastereomer” refers to a pair of optical isomers which are not mirror images of one another. The carbon-carbon bonds of the compounds provided may be depicted herein using a solid line (-) , a wedged bond ahashed wedged bond abold bond or a hashed bond The use of a solid line to depict bonds to asymmetric carbon atoms is meant to indicate that all possible stereoisomers (e.g., specific enantiomers, racemic mixtures, etc. ) at that carbon atom are included. The wedged bond has the same meaning as the bold bond, and the hashed wedged bond has the same meaning as the hashed bond.
[0096] The present disclosure is also intended to include all isotope-labeled forms of the compounds. Isotopes of an atom include atoms having the same atomic number but different mass numbers. For example, unless otherwise specified, hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, sulfur, fluorine, chlorine, bromide or iodine in the compounds of present disclosure are meant to also include their isotopes, such as but not limited to 1H, 2H, 3H, 11C, 12C, 13C, 14C, 14N, 15N, 16O, 17O, 18O, 31P, 32P, 32S, 33S, 34S, 36S, 17F, 18F, 19F, 35Cl, 37Cl, 79Br, 81Br, 124I, 127I and 131I. Isotopically-enriched compounds of Formula (A) , (B) , (A1) , (B1) , (A1-1) , (A1-2) , (B1-1) , (B1-2) , (A1-a) , (A1-b) , (B1-a) , (A1-a-1) , (A1-b-1) , (B1-a-1) , (A1-a-2) , (A1-b-2) , (B1-a-2) , (I) , (II) , (Ia) , (Ib) , (IIa) , (IIb) , (Ia-1) , (Ia-2) , (Ib-1) , (Ib-2) , (IIa-1) , (IIa-2) , (IIb-1) , or (IIb-2) , or any compound as set forth in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3.1 and Table 3.2 can be prepared without undue experimentation by conventional techniques well known to those skilled in the art or by processes analogous to those described in the Schemes and Examples herein using appropriate isotopically-enriched reagents and / or intermediates.
[0097] In some embodiments, the present disclosure includes compounds wherein one or more hydrogens attached to a carbon atom is / are replaced by deuterium. Such compounds exhibit increased resistance to metabolism and are thus useful for increasing the half-life of the compounds when administered to a subject, such as mammal, particularly a human. See, for example, Foster, “Deuterium Isotope Effects in Studies of Drug Metabolism” , Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 5 (12) : 524-527 (1984) . In view of the present disclosure, such compounds are synthesized by means known in the art, for example by employing starting materials in which one or more hydrogens have been replaced by deuterium.
[0098] Also falling within the scope herein are the in vivo metabolic products of the compounds described herein, to the extent such products are novel and unobvious over the prior art. Such products may result for example from the oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, amidation, esterification and the like of the administered compound, primarily due to enzymatic processes. Accordingly, included are novel and unobvious compounds produced by a process comprising contacting a compound with a mammal for a period of time sufficient to yield a metabolic product thereof.
[0099] Compounds of the present disclosure can be formulated as or be in the form of pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Unless specified to the contrary, a compound provided herein includes pharmaceutically acceptable salts of such compound.
[0100] As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable” indicates that the substance or composition is compatible chemically and / or toxicologically, with the other ingredients comprising a formulation, and / or the subjects being treated therewith.
[0101] As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” , unless otherwise indicated, includes salts that retain the biological effectiveness of the free acids and bases of the specified compound and that are not biologically or otherwise undesirable. Contemplated pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms include, but are not limited to, mono, bis, tris, tetrakis, and so on. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are non-toxic in the amounts and concentrations at which they are administered. The preparation of such salts can facilitate the pharmacological use by altering the physical characteristics of a compound without preventing it from exerting its physiological effect. Useful alterations in physical properties include lowering the melting point to facilitate transmucosal administration and increasing the solubility to facilitate administering higher concentrations of the drug.
[0102] Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include acid addition salts such as those containing sulfate, chloride, hydrochloride, fumarate, maleate, phosphate, sulfamate, acetate, citrate, lactate, tartrate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate, cyclohexylsulfamate and quinate. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be obtained from acids such as hydrochloric acid, maleic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfamic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, malonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, cyclohexylsulfamic acid, fumaric acid, and quinic acid.
[0103] Pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be prepared by standard techniques. For example, the free-base form of a compound can be dissolved in a suitable solvent, such as an aqueous or aqueous-alcohol solution containing the appropriate acid and then isolated by evaporating the solution. Thus, if the particular compound is a base, the desired pharmaceutically acceptable salt may be prepared by any suitable method available in the art, for example, treatment of the free base with an inorganic acid, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and the like, or with an organic acid, such as acetic acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, mandelic acid, fumaric acid, malonic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, glycolic acid, salicylic acid, a pyranosidyl acid, such as glucuronic acid or galacturonic acid, an alpha-hydroxy acid, such as citric acid or tartaric acid, an amino acid, such as aspartic acid or glutamic acid, an aromatic acid, such as benzoic acid or cinnamic acid, a sulfonic acid, such as p-toluenesulfonic acid or ethanesulfonic acid, or the like.
[0104] It is also to be understood that the compounds of present disclosure can exist in unsolvated forms, solvated forms (e.g., hydrated forms) , and solid forms (e.g., crystal or polymorphic forms) , and the present disclosure is intended to encompass all such forms.
[0105] As used herein, the term “solvate” or “solvated form” refers to solvent addition forms that contain either stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric amounts of solvent. Some compounds have a tendency to trap a fixed molar ratio of solvent molecules in the crystalline solid state, thus forming a solvate. If the solvent is water the solvate formed is a hydrate; and if the solvent is alcohol, the solvate formed is an alcoholate. Hydrates are formed by the combination of one or more molecules of water with one molecule of the substance in which the water retains its molecular state as H2O. Examples of solvents that form solvates include, but are not limited to, water, isopropanol, ethanol, methanol, DMSO, ethyl acetate, acetic acid, and ethanolamine.
[0106] As used herein, the terms “crystal form” , “crystalline form” , “polymorphic forms” and “polymorphs” can be used interchangeably, and mean crystal structures in which a compound (or a salt or solvate thereof) can crystallize in different crystal packing arrangements, all of which have the same elemental composition. Different crystal forms usually have different X-ray diffraction patterns, infrared spectral, melting points, density hardness, crystal shape, optical and electrical properties, stability and solubility. Recrystallization solvent, rate of crystallization, storage temperature, and other factors may cause one crystal form to dominate. Crystal polymorphs of the compounds can be prepared by crystallization under different conditions.Use of Compounds
[0107] In an aspect, the present disclosure provides compounds of Formula (A) , (B) , (A1) , (B1) , (A1-1) , (A1-2) , (B1-1) , (B1-2) , (A1-a) , (A1-b) , (B1-a) , (A1-a-1) , (A1-b-1) , (B1-a-1) , (A1-a-2) , (A1-b-2) , (B1-a-2) , (I) , (II) , (Ia) , (Ib) , (IIa) , (IIb) , (Ia-1) , (Ia-2) , (Ib-1) , (Ib-2) , (IIa-1) , (IIa-2) , (IIb-1) , or (IIb-2) , or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which are capable of modulating (such as partial activating) 5-HT2A receptors. Thus, the compounds of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are useful as medicinal drugs, and particularly useful as therapeutic or prophylactic agents that are active against diseases or medical conditions treated via modulation of 5-HT2A receptors.
[0108] As used herein, the term “therapy” is intended to have its normal meaning of dealing with a disease in order to entirely or partially relieve one, some or all of its symptoms, or to correct or compensate for the underlying pathology, thereby achieving beneficial or desired clinical results. For purposes of this disclosure, beneficial or desired clinical results include, but are not limited to, alleviation of symptoms, diminishment of extent of disease, stabilized (i.e., not worsening) state of disease, delay or slowing of disease progression, amelioration or palliation of the disease state, and remission (whether partial or total) , whether detectable or undetectable. “Therapy” can also mean prolonging survival as compared to expected survival if not receiving it. Those in need of therapy include those already with the condition or disorder as well as those prone to have the condition or disorder or those in which the condition or disorder is to be prevented. The term “therapy” also encompasses prophylaxis unless there are specific indications to the contrary. The terms “therapeutic” and “therapeutically” should be interpreted in a corresponding manner.
[0109] The term “treatment” is used synonymously with “therapy” . Similarly the term “treat” can be regarded as “applying therapy” where “therapy” is as defined herein.
[0110] As used herein, the term “prophylaxis” is intended to have its normal meaning and includes primary prophylaxis to prevent the development of the disease and secondary prophylaxis whereby the disease has already developed and the patient is temporarily or permanently protected against exacerbation or worsening of the disease or the development of new symptoms associated with the disease.
[0111] In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides use of the compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for treatment of diseases or medical conditions treated via modulation of 5-HT2A receptors.
[0112] In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides use of the compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure, in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a disease or medical condition via modulation of 5-HT2A receptors.Pharmaceutical Compositions
[0113] For the purposes of administration, in some embodiments, the compounds provided herein are administered as a raw chemical or are formulated as pharmaceutical compositions.
[0114] Therefore, in a further aspect, there is provided pharmaceutical compositions comprising one or more compounds of the present disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0115] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure comprise a compound of Formula (A) , (B) , (A1) , (B1) , (A1-1) , (A1-2) , (B1-1) , (B1-2) , (A1-a) , (A1-b) , (B1-a) , (A1-a-1) , (A1-b-1) , (B1-a-1) , (A1-a-2) , (A1-b-2) , (B1-a-2) , (I) , (II) , (Ia) , (Ib) , (IIa) , (IIb) , (Ia-1) , (Ia-2) , (Ib-1) , (Ib-2) , (IIa-1) , (IIa-2) , (IIb-1) , or (IIb-2) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure comprise a first compound of Formula (A) , (B) , (A1) , (B1) , (A1-1) , (A1-2) , (B1-1) , (B1-2) , (A1-a) , (A1-b) , (B1-a) , (A1-a-1) , (A1-b-1) , (B1-a-1) , (A1-a-2) , (A1-b-2) , (B1-a-2) , (I) , (II) , (Ia) , (Ib) , (IIa) , (IIb) , (Ia-1) , (Ia-2) , (Ib-1) , (Ib-2) , (IIa-1) , (IIa-2) , (IIb-1) , or (IIb-2) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and one or more additional compounds of the same formula but said first compound and additional compounds are not the same molecules.
[0116] As used herein, the term “pharmaceutical composition” refers to a formulation containing the molecules or compounds of the present disclosure in a form suitable for administration to a subject.
[0117] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure comprises a therapeutically effective amount of one or more compounds of Formula (A) , (B) , (A1) , (B1) , (A1-1) , (A1-2) , (B1-1) , (B1-2) , (A1-a) , (A1-b) , (B1-a) , (A1-a-1) , (A1-b-1) , (B1-a-1) , (A1-a-2) , (A1-b-2) , (B1-a-2) , (I) , (II) , (Ia) , (Ib) , (IIa) , (IIb) , (Ia-1) , (Ia-2) , (Ib-1) , (Ib-2) , (IIa-1) , (IIa-2) , (IIb-1) , or (IIb-2) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
[0118] As used herein, the term “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount of a molecule, compound, or composition comprising the molecule or compound to treat, ameliorate, or prevent an identified disease or condition, or to exhibit a detectable therapeutic or inhibitory effect. The effect can be detected by any assay method known in the art. The precise effective amount for a subject will depend upon the subject’s body weight, size, and health; the nature and extent of the condition; the rate of administration; the therapeutic or combination of therapeutics selected for administration; and the discretion of the prescribing physician. Therapeutically effective amounts for a given situation can be determined by routine experimentation that is within the skill and judgment of the clinician.
[0119] In another aspect, there is provided pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more compounds of the present disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutical acceptable excipient.
[0120] As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” refers to an excipient that is useful in preparing a pharmaceutical composition that is generally safe, non-toxic and neither biologically nor otherwise undesirable, and includes excipient that is acceptable for veterinary use as well as human pharmaceutical use. A “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” as used herein includes both one and more than one such excipient. The term “pharmaceutically acceptable excipient” also encompasses “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” and “pharmaceutically acceptable diluent” .
[0121] In some embodiments, the compounds of the present disclosure can be administered internally, such as orally (e.g. in the form of tablets, coated tablets, dragees, hard and soft gelatine capsules, solutions, emulsions or suspensions) , nasally (e.g. in the form of nasal sprays) , rectally (e.g. in the form of suppositories) , parenterally such as intramuscularly or intravenously (e.g. in the form of injection solutions) or topically (e.g. transdermal administration, or in form of eye drops or ear drops) .
[0122] The particular excipient used will depend upon the means and purpose for which the compound of the present disclosure is being applied. Suitable excipients for soft gelatin capsules are, for example, vegetable oils, waxes, fats, semi-solid substances and liquid polyols and the like. Suitable excipients for the production of solutions and syrups are, for example, water, alcohols, polyols, saccharose, glucose, invert sugar, vegetable oil, etc. Suitable excipients for topical ocular formulations are, for example, cyclodextrins, mannitol or many other carriers and excipients known in the art.
[0123] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure may include one or more stabilizing agents, surfactants, wetting agents, lubricating agents, emulsifiers, suspending agents, preservatives, antioxidants, opaquing agents, glidants, processing aids, colorants, sweeteners, perfuming agents, flavoring agents and other known additives to provide an elegant presentation of the drug (i.e., a compound of the present disclosure or pharmaceutical composition thereof) or aid in the manufacturing of the pharmaceutical product (i.e., medicament) .
[0124] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure can be formulated as a unit dosage form. The term “unit dosage forms” refers to physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosages for human subjects and other mammals, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active material calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect, in association with a suitable pharmaceutical excipient. The amount of the compounds provided herein in the unit dosage form will vary depending on the condition to be treated, the subject to be treated (e.g., the age, weight, and response of the individual subject) , the particular route of administration, the actual compound administered and its relative activity, and the severity of the subject's symptoms.
[0125] In some embodiments, dosage levels of the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure can be between 0.001-1000 mg / kg body weight / day, for example, 0.001-1000 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.001-900 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.001-800 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.001-700 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.001-600 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.001-500 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.001-400 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.001-300 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.001-200 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.001-100 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.001-50 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.001-40 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.001-30 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.001-20 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.001-10 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.001-5 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.001-1 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.001-0.5 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.001-0.4 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.001-0.3 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.001-0.2 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.001-0.1 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.005-0.1 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.01-0.1 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.02-0.1 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.03-0.1 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.04-0.1 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.05-0.1 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.06-0.1 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.07-0.1 mg / kg body weight / day, 0.08-0.1 mg / kg body weight / day, or 0.09-0.1 mg / kg body weight / day.
[0126] The compounds or the pharmaceutical compositions of the present disclosure can be administered to subjects including mammals. Mammals can include, but are not limited to, canine, feline, bovine, caprine, equine, ovine, porcine, rodents, lagomorphs, primates, and the like, and encompass mammals in utero. In some embodiment, humans are suitable subjects. Human subjects may be of either gender and at any stage of development.
[0127] Method of Treatment
[0128] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for treating the 5-HT2A associated diseases or diseases responsive to 5-HT2A modulation therapies in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of any compound described herein.
[0129] Contemplated subjects include not only humans, but other animals such as companion animals (e.g., dogs, cats) , domestic animals (e.g., cow, swine) , and wild animals (e.g., monkeys, bats, snakes) .
[0130] In some embodiments, the 5-HT2A associated diseases or diseases responsive to 5-HT2A modulation therapies are selected from the group consisting of depressive disorders (including major depressive disorder [MDD] , persistent depressive disorder [PDD] , treatment-resistant depression [TRD] , seasonal affective disorder [SAD] , and other entities in this category) , bipolar disorders (including bipolar I, bipolar II, cyclothymia, and other entities in this category) , anxiety disorders (panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder [GAD] , and other entities in this category) , post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) , obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) , substance use disorder (drug addiction) , eating disorders (including anorexia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, and other entities in this category) , chronic pain (including phantom limb pain, palliative related pain, neuropathic pain, and other entities in this category) , headache disorders (including migraine, clustered headaches, and other entities in this category) , schizophrenia (addressing negative symptoms and cognitive deficits) , psychiatric comorbidities and cognitive deficits in neurodegenerative disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders associated with synaptic deficits or synaptic dysfunction, and end-of-life psychological distress.
[0131] In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for modulating (such as partially activating) 5-HT2A receptors in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of the present disclosure or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure to a subject in need thereof.EXAMPLES
[0132] For the purpose of illustration, the following examples are included. However, it is to be understood that these examples do not limit the present disclosure and are only meant to suggest a method of practicing the present disclosure. Persons skilled in the art will recognize that the chemical reactions described may be readily adapted to prepare a number of other compounds of the present disclosure, and alternative methods for preparing the compounds of the present disclosure are deemed to be within the scope of the present disclosure. For example, the synthesis of non-exemplified compounds according to the present disclosure may be successfully performed by modifications apparent to those skilled in the art, e.g., by appropriately protecting interfering groups, by utilizing other suitable reagents and building blocks known in the art other than those described, and / or by making routine modifications of reaction conditions. Alternatively, other reactions disclosed herein or known in the art will be recognized as having applicability for preparing other compounds of the present disclosure.
[0133] Abbreviations used in the synthesis of the compounds provided herein are listed below: Synthesis of Compounds Example 1
[0134] (S) -6, 6a, 7, 8, 9, 10-Hexahydro-4H-pyrazino [1, 2-a] pyrrolo [4, 3, 2-de] quinoline
[0135] Step 1. Synthesis of tert-butyl (3aR) -tetrahydro- [1, 2, 3] oxathiazolo [3, 4-a] pyrazine-5 (3H) -carboxylate 1-oxide (P1)
[0136] To a suspension of 1H-imidazole (31.5 g, 462.36 mmol) in DCM (100 mL) was added SOCl2 (10 mL, 138.71 mmol) , and the reaction mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 1 h. Then thereto was added a solution of tert-butyl (R) -3-(hydroxymethyl) piperazine-1-carboxylate (10.0 g, 46.24 mmol) in DCM (200 mL) at -78 ℃, and the resulting mixture was warmed to RT and stirred overnight. The reaction solution was washed with H2O (100 mL) , dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated to give the crude title compound (10.3 g, 84.9%) as a brown solid, which was used in the next step without further purification. LCMS (m / z) : 263.1 [M+H] +.
[0137] Step 2. Synthesis of tert-butyl (R) -tetrahydro- [1, 2, 3] oxathiazolo [3, 4-a] pyrazine-5 (3H) -carboxylate 1, 1-dioxide (P2)
[0138] To a solution of NaIO4 (31.8 g, 148.67 mmol) and RuCl3 (0.05 g, 0.23 mmol) in H2O (150 mL) was added a solution of crude P1 (30.0 g, 114.36 mmol) in EA (90 mL) and MeCN (450 mL) dropwise at 0 ℃, and the resulting mixture was stirred at RT for 3 h. The reaction mixture was filtered and extracted with EA (200 mL × 3) . The combined extracts were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, and purified by chromatography on silica gel to give the title compound (25.0 g, 78.5%) as a white solid. LCMS (m / z) : 279.1 [M+H] +.
[0139] Step 3. Synthesis of tert-butyl (S) -3- ( (4-bromo-1H-indol-3-yl) methyl) piperazine-1-carboxylate (P3)
[0140] To a stirred solution of CuCl (4.6 g, 46.71 mmol) and 4-bromo-1H-indole (10.6 g, 53.90 mmol) in DCM (60 mL) was added MeMgCl (3M in THF, 15.6 mL, 46.8 mmol) dropwise at -10 ℃ under N2, and the mixture was stirred at -10 ℃ for 1 h. Thereto was added a solution of P2 (10.0 g, 35.93 mmol) in DCM (60 mL) dropwise at -20 ℃ under N2. After the mixture was stirred at RT for 3 h, it was quenched with aq. citric acid (1M, 15 mL) . The organic layer was separated, concentrated and purified by chromatography on silica gel to give the title compound (4.3 g, 30.4%) as a brown solid. LCMS (m / z) : 394.2 [M+H] +.
[0141] Step 4. Synthesis of tert-butyl (S) -4, 6, 6a, 7, 9, 10-hexahydro-8H-pyrazino [1, 2-a] pyrrolo [4, 3, 2-de] quinoline-8-carboxylate (P4)
[0142] To a solution of P3 (2.0 g, 5.07 mmol) in dioxane (30 mL) were added Cs2CO3 (4.9 g, 15.22 mmol) and Xphos-Pd-G2 (0.80 g, 1.02 mmol) under N2. The reaction mixture was stirred at 125 ℃ for 16 h. The reaction mixture was then cooled to RT, filtered, concentrated, and purified by chromatography on silica gel to give the title compound (300 mg, 18.9%) as a white solid. LCMS (m / z) : 314.0 [M+H] +.
[0143] Step 5. Synthesis of (S) -6, 6a, 7, 8, 9, 10-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino [1, 2-a] pyrrolo [4, 3, 2-de] quinoline (Example 1)
[0144] To a solution of P4 (300 mg, 0.96 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) was added HCl (4M in dioxane, 3.8 mL, 15.2 mmol) , and the reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 1 h. The pH of the reaction solution was adjusted to 7~8 by addition of aq. NaHCO3 (1M) . The resulting solution was extracted with EA (10 mL × 3) . The combined extracts were concentrated, triturated with EA / DCM (1: 1, 2 mL) and MeOH (2 mL) , and dried in vacuo to give the title compound (22 mg, 9.8%) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ10.48 (s, 1H) , 6.88 (dd, J = 7.6, 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 6.78 (s, 1H) , 6.69 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 6.18 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 3.65 (dt, J = 11.6, 2.4 Hz, 1H) , 3.11 - 2.98 (m, 2H) , 2.92 - 2.76 (m, 3H) , 2.65 - 2.54 (m, 3H) . LCMS (m / z) : 214.1 [M+H] +.
[0145] The following compounds were prepared using similar methods as in Example 1. Example 3
[0146] (S) -4-Methyl-6, 6a, 7, 8, 9, 10-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino [1, 2-a] pyrrolo [4, 3, 2-de] quinoline
[0147] Step 1. Synthesis of tert-butyl (S) -4-methyl-4, 6, 6a, 7, 9, 10-hexahydro-8H-pyrazino [1, 2-a] pyrrolo [4, 3, 2-de] quinoline-8-carboxylate (P5)
[0148] To a stirred solution of P4 (100 mg, 0.32 mmol) in THF (3 mL) was added NaH (60%, 23 mg, 0.96 mmol) at 0 ℃, and the mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 10 min. Then thereto was added MeI (68 mg, 0.48 mmol) , and the mixture was stirred at 45 ℃for 16 h. The reaction mixture was poured into water (20 mL) , and extracted with EA (20 mL × 3) . The combined extracts were washed, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, and purified by chromatography on silica gel to give the title compound (68 mg, 65.1%) as a white solid. LCMS (m / z) : 328.4 [M+H] +.
[0149] Step 2. Synthesis of (S) -4-methyl-6, 6a, 7, 8, 9, 10-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino [1, 2-a] pyrrolo [4, 3, 2-de] quinoline (Example 3)
[0150] The title compound was synthesized using similar methods as in Example 1 Step 5. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 6.95 (dd, J = 7.6, 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 6.76 (d, J =1.2 Hz, 1H) , 6.73 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 6.22 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 3.75 - 3.70 (m, 1H) , 3.69 (s, 3H) , 3.18 - 3.03 (m, 2H) , 2.96 - 2.78 (m, 3H) , 2.68 - 2.55 (m, 3H) . LCMS (m / z) : 228.3 [M+H] +.
[0151] The following compounds were prepared using similar methods as in Example 3. Example 7
[0152] (S) -5-Chloro-4-methyl-6, 6a, 7, 8, 9, 10-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino [1, 2-a] pyrrolo [4, 3, 2-de] quinoline formate (Example 7·formate)
[0153] Step 1. Synthesis of tert-butyl (S) -5-fluoro-4-methyl-4, 6, 6a, 7, 9, 10-hexahydro-8H-pyrazino [1, 2-a] pyrrolo [4, 3, 2-de] quinoline-8-carboxylate (P6)
[0154] To a stirred solution of P5 (230 mg, 0.70 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added LDA (2M, 0.70 mL, 1.40 mmol) at 0 ℃, and the mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 30 min. Then thereto was added NFSI (665 mg, 2.11 mmol) , and the mixture was stirred at RT for 16 h. The reaction mixture was poured into water (20 mL) , and extracted with EA (20 mL × 3) . The combined extracts were washed, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, and purified by chromatography on silica gel to give the title compound (40 mg, 16.5%) as a yellow solid. LCMS (m / z) : 346.2 [M+H] +.
[0155] Step 2. Synthesis of (S) -5-chloro-4-methyl-6, 6a, 7, 8, 9, 10-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino [1, 2-a] pyrrolo [4, 3, 2-de] quinoline formate (Example 7·HCOOH)
[0156] The title compound was synthesized using similar methods as in Example 1 Step 5, starting from tert-butyl (S) -5-fluoro-4-methyl-4, 6, 6a, 7, 9, 10-hexahydro-8H-pyrazino [1, 2-a] pyrrolo [4, 3, 2-de] quinoline-8-carboxylate (P6) and purification by HPLC (HCOOH) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.32 (s, 1H) , 6.99 (dd, J = 8.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 6.77 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 6.29 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 3.68 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H) , 3.64 (s, 3H) , 3.12 - 3.09 (m, 1H) , 3.08 - 3.02 (m, 1H) , 2.93 - 2.75 (m, 3H) , 2.65 - 2.54 (m, 3H) . LCMS (m / z) : 262.2 [M+H] +. Example 8
[0157] (R) -7, 7a, 8, 9, 10, 11-Hexahydropyrazino [1, 2-a] pyrrolo [1, 2, 3-de] quinoxaline
[0158] Step 1. Synthesis of tert-butyl (R) -4-benzyl-2- (hydroxymethyl) piperazine-1-carboxylate (P7)
[0159] To a solution of tert-butyl (R) -2- (hydroxymethyl) piperazine-1-carboxylate (10.0 g, 46.23 mmol) in DCM (120 mL) were added benzaldehyde (14.0 mL, 138.70 mmol) and NaBH (OAc) 3 (19.6 g, 92.47 mmol) , and the mixture was stirred at RT for 16 h. After the reaction mixture was quenched with H2O (50 mL) , its pH was adjusted to 7 -8 via addition of sat. aq. NaHCO3 and extracted with DCM (100 mL × 3) . The combined extracts were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, and purified by chromatography on silica gel to give the title compound (12.0 g, 84.7%) as yellow oil. LCMS (m / z) : 307.2 [M+H] +.
[0160] Step 2. Synthesis of tert-butyl (R) -4-benzyl-2- ( (7-bromo-1H-indol-1-yl) methyl) piperazine-1-carboxylate (P8)
[0161] To a solution of P7 (15.0 g, 48.96 mmol) in toluene (150 mL) was added 7-bromo-1H-indole (8.00 g, 40.80 mmol) and CMBP (19.7 g, 81.61 mmol) at RT under N2. The mixture was stirred at 110 ℃ for 16 h, cooled to RT, quenched with H2O (100 mL) , and extracted with EA (100 mL × 3) . The combined extracts were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, and purified by chromatography on silica gel to give the title compound (7.30 g, 36.9%) as a yellow oil. LCMS (m / z) : 484.0 [M+H] +.
[0162] Step 3. Synthesis of (R) -1- ( (4-benzylpiperazin-2-yl) methyl) -7-bromo-1H-indole dihydrochloride (P9·2HCl)
[0163] P8 (7.3 g, 15.06 mmol) was added to HCl / dioxane (4.0 M in dioxane, 100 mL) and the mixture was stirred at RT for 4 h. The mixture was filtered and the filter cake was dried in vacuum to give the crude title compound (5.5 g, 86.8%) as a pink solid. LCMS (m / z) : 384.2 [M+H] +.
[0164] Step 4. Synthesis of (R) -9-benzyl-7, 7a, 8, 9, 10, 11-hexahydropyrazino [1, 2-a] pyrrolo [1, 2, 3-de] quinoxaline (P10)
[0165] To a solution of P9·2HCl (1.00 g, 2.19 mmol) in dioxane (70 mL) was added Cs2CO3 (3.10 g, 9.50 mmol) , Pd2 (dba) 3 (0.54 g, 0.59 mmol) and Johnphos (0.39 g, 1.30 mmol) at RT under N2. The mixture was stirred at 120 ℃ for 24 h, and then cooled to RT, quenched with water (50 mL) and extracted with EA (100 mL × 3) . The combined extracts were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, and purified by chromatography on silica gel to give the title compound (320 mg, 44.4%) as a yellow oil. LCMS (m / z) : 304.2 [M+H] +.
[0166] Step 5. Synthesis of (R) -7, 7a, 8, 9, 10, 11-hexahydropyrazino [1, 2-a] pyrrolo [1, 2, 3-de] quinoxaline (Example 8)
[0167] To a solution of P10 (300 mg, 0.98 mmol) in THF (3 mL) was added i-PrOH (1 mL) and Pd / C (10%, 600 mg) at RT under H2, and the mixture was stirred at 60 ℃for 16 h. After filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and purified by chromatography on silica gel to give the title compound (32 mg, 15.5%) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.20 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H) , 6.93 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 6.84 (dd, J = 7.6, 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 6.39 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 6.32 (d, J = 4.4 Hz, 1H) , 4.34 (dd, J = 12.0, 4.6 Hz, 1H) , 3.84 (dd, J = 11.6, 9.6 Hz, 1H) , 3.70 - 3.65 (m, 1H) , 3.14 - 3.05 (m, 3H) , 2.86 - 2.79 (m, 1H) , 2.72 - 2.60 (m, 1H) , 2.59 - 2.50 (m, 1H) . LCMS (m / z) : 214.2 [M+H] +.
[0168] The following compound was prepared using similar methods as in Example 8. Example 9
[0169] (R) -4-Chloro-7, 7a, 8, 9, 10, 11-hexahydropyrazino [1, 2-a] pyrrolo [1, 2, 3-de] quinoxaline
[0170] Step 1. Synthesis of 4-benzyl 1- (tert-butyl) (R) -2- (hydroxymethyl) piperazine-1, 4-dicarboxylate (P11)
[0171] To a solution of tert-butyl (R) -2- (hydroxymethyl) piperazine-1-carboxylate (10.0 g, 46.23 mmol) and NEt3 (6.4 mL, 46.23 mmol) in DCM (200 mL) was added CbzCl (11.8 g, 69.35 mmol) at 0 ℃. The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 3 h, quenched with H2O (100 mL) , and extracted with DCM (100 mL × 3) . The combined extracts were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, and purified by chromatography on silica gel to give the title compound (13.8 g, 84.9%) as a colorless oil. LCMS (m / z) : 251.2 [M-Boc+H] +.
[0172] Step 2. Synthesis of 4-benzyl 1- (tert-butyl) (S) -2- ( (7-bromo-1H-indol-1-yl) methyl) piperazine-1, 4-dicarboxylate (P12)
[0173] The title compound was synthesized essentially by the method of Example 8 Step 2. LCMS (m / z) : 472.1 [M-tBu+H] +.
[0174] Step 3. Synthesis of benzyl (S) -3- ( (7-bromo-1H-indol-1-yl) methyl) piperazine-1-carboxylate hydrochloride (P13·HCl)
[0175] The title compound was synthesized essentially by the method of Example 8 Step 3. LCMS (m / z) : 428.1 [M+H] +.
[0176] Step 4. Synthesis of benzyl (S) -3- ( (7-bromo-3-chloro-1H-indol-1-yl) methyl) piperazine-1-carboxylate (P14)
[0177] To a solution of P13·HCl (1.00 g, 2.15 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) was added NCS (0.29 g, 2.15 mmol) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at RT for 3 h, quenched with sat. aq. NaHCO3 (50 mL) and extracted with DCM (50 mL × 3) . The combined extracts were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, and purified by chromatography on silica gel to give the title compound (0.70 g, 70.3%) as a yellow oil. LCMS (m / z) : 462.0 [M+H] +.
[0178] Step 5. Synthesis of benzyl (S) -4-chloro-7a, 8, 10, 11-tetrahydropyrazino [1, 2-a] pyrrolo [1, 2, 3-de] quinoxaline-9 (7H) -carboxylate (P15)
[0179] The title compound was synthesized essentially by the method of Example 8 Step 4. LCMS (m / z) : 382.1 [M+H] +.
[0180] Step 6. Synthesis of (R) -4-chloro-7, 7a, 8, 9, 10, 11-hexahydropyrazino [1, 2-a] pyrrolo [1, 2, 3-de] quinoxaline (Example 9)
[0181] To a solution of P15 (65 mg, 0.17 mmol) in DMSO (1 mL) was added KOH (20%in water, 0.3 mL, 1.35 mmol) , and the mixture was stirred at 90 ℃ for 1 h. After concentration in vacuo, the crude product was purified by C18 column to give the title compound (30 mg, 72.1%) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.22 (s, 1H) , 7.40 (s, 1H) , 6.99 - 6.92 (m, 1H) , 6.86 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 6.48 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 4.31 (dd, J =12.0, 4.4 Hz, 1H) , 3.88 - 3.78 (m, 1H) , 3.72 - 3.65 (m, 1H) , 3.44 - 3.39 (m, 2H) , 3.20 - 3.05 (m, 2H) , 2.85 - 2.78 (m, 1H) , 2.66 - 2.61 (m, 1H) . LCMS (m / z) : 247.9 [M+H] +.
[0182] The following compounds were prepared using similar methods as in Example 9 (without Step 4) . Example 15
[0183] (R) -4-Methyl-7, 7a, 8, 9, 10, 11-hexahydropyrazino [1, 2-a] pyrrolo [1, 2, 3-de] quinoxaline hydrochloride (Example 15·HCl)
[0184] Step 1. Synthesis of benzyl (S) -4-methyl-7a, 8, 10, 11-tetrahydropyrazino [1, 2-a] pyrrolo [1, 2, 3-de] quinoxaline-9 (7H) -carboxylate (P16)
[0185] To a solution of P15 (50 mg, 0.13 mmol) in dioxane (1 mL) was added Pd2(dba) 3 (24 mg, 0.026 mmol) , Xphos (12 mg, 0.026 mmol) and K3PO4 (83 mg, 0.39 mmol) under N2. The mixture was stirred at 110 ℃ for 16 h. The mixture was filtered and then concentrated in vacuo to give the title compound (50 mg, crude) as a black oil. LCMS (m / z) : 362.4 [M+H] +.
[0186] Step 2. Synthesis of (R) -4-methyl-7, 7a, 8, 9, 10, 11-hexahydropyrazino [1, 2-a] pyrrolo [1, 2, 3-de] quinoxaline hydrochloride (Example 15·HCl)
[0187] To a solution of P16 (50 mg, 0.14 mmol) in DMSO (1 mL) was added KOH (4M in water, 0.04 mL) , and the mixture was stirred at 90 ℃ for 2 h. After concentration in vacuo, the crude product was purified by C18 column to afford an oil, which was re-dissolved in MeCN (5 mL) and H2O (5 mL) . HCl (1 M in water, 0.2 ml) was added to the solution. The mixture was stirred at RT for 5 min and dried to give the title compound (4 mg, 10.9%) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.63 (s, 2H) , 7.03 (d, J =1.2 Hz, 1H) , 6.97 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 6.88 (dd, J = 7.6, 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 6.49 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 4.38 (dd, J = 12.0, 3.6 Hz, 1H) , 3.99 (dd, J = 12.8, 3.2 Hz, 1H) , 3.91 (dd, J =12.0, 8.8 Hz, 1H) , 3.60 - 3.46 (m, 3H) , 3.18 - 3.03 (m, 2H) , 2.91 (t, J = 12.0 Hz, 1H) , 2.23 (s, 3H) . LCMS (m / z) : 228.2 [M+H] +.
[0188] The following compounds were prepared using similar methods as in Example 15. Example 16
[0189] (R) -4, 5, 7, 7a, 8, 9, 10, 11-Octahydropyrazino [1, 2-a] pyrrolo [1, 2, 3-de] quinoxaline
[0190] To a solution of P10 (220 mg, 0.72 mmol) in i-PrOH (10 mL) was added HCl (6M in water, 0.5 mL, 3.0 mmol) and Pd (OH) 2 (111 mg, 0.79 mmol) at RT under H2, and the mixture was stirred at 70 ℃ for 4 h. After filtration, the pH of filtrate was adjusted to 7~8 by addition of sat. aq. NaHCO3. The resulting solution was extracted with EA (10 mL × 3) . The combined extracts were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, and purified by chromatography on silica gel to give the title compound (20.0 mg, 12.8%) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 6.52 -6.44 (m, 3H) , 3.58 (d, J =10.0 Hz, 1H) , 3.42 - 3.35 (m, 2H) , 3.14 - 3.08 (m, 2H) , 2.95 - 2.85 (m, 3H) , 2.84 -2.77 (m, 2H) , 2.69 - 2.65 (m, 2H) , 2.62 - 2.55 (m, 1H) , 2.35 - 2.29 (m, 1H) . LCMS (m / z) : 216.0 [M+H] +.
[0191] The following compounds were prepared using similar methods as in Example 16. Example 17
[0192] (S) -6, 6a, 7, 8, 9, 10-Hexahydropyrazino [1, 2-a] thieno [4, 3, 2-de] quinoline hydrochloride (Example 17·HCl)
[0193] Step 1. Synthesis of 1-benzyl 4- (tert-butyl) (R) -2-formylpiperazine-1, 4-dicarboxylate (P17)
[0194] To a solution of 1-benzyl 4- (tert-butyl) (R) -2- (hydroxymethyl) piperazine-1, 4-dicarboxylate (15.7 g, 44.8 mmol) in anhydrous DCM (200 mL) was added Dess-Martin periodinane (20.0 g, 47.0 mmol) slowly under N2 at 0 ℃. The reaction was stirred at 0 ℃ for 1 h, quenched with sat. aq. NaHCO3 (200 mL) and Na2S2O3 (100 mL) . The solution was extracted with DCM (200 mL × 2) . The combined extracts were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, and purified by chromatography on silica gel to give the title compound (12.8 g, 81.7%) as a colorless oil. LCMS (m / z) : 371.1 [M+Na] +.
[0195] Step 2. Synthesis of tert-butyl (8aR) -1- (4-chlorobenzo [b] thiophen-3-yl) -3-oxotetrahydro-3H-oxazolo [3, 4-a] pyrazine-7 (1H) -carboxylate (P18)
[0196] To a solution of i-PrMgCl·LiCl (1.3 M in THF, 51 mL) was added 3-bromo-4-chlorobenzo [b] thiophene (16.0 g, 64.6 mmol) at 0 ℃ under N2. After the reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 12 h, it was added to a solution of P17 (10.0 g, 28.7 mmol) in THF (300 mL) at 0 ℃ under N2. The reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 7 h, quenched with sat. aq. NH4Cl (100 mL) , and then extracted with EA (100 mL × 2) . The combined extracts were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, and purified by chromatography on silica gel to give the title compound (10.0 g, with impurities) as an orange oil. LCMS (m / z) : 431.1 [M+Na] +.
[0197] Step 3. Synthesis of tert-butyl (S) -3- ( (4-chlorobenzo [b] thiophen-3-yl) methyl) piperazine-1-carboxylate (P19)
[0198] To a solution of P18 (5.0 g, with impurities) in EtOH (123 mL) was added PtO2 (2.8 g, 12.2 mmol) at RT under H2, and the mixture was stirred at 80 ℃ for 18 h. After filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and then purified by chromatography on silica gel to give the title compound (0.91 g, 20.3%over 2 steps) as a yellow oil. LCMS (m / z) : 367.1 [M+H] +.
[0199] Step 4. Synthesis of tert-butyl (S) -6a, 7, 9, 10-tetrahydropyrazino [1, 2-a] thieno [4, 3, 2-de] quinoline-8 (6H) -carboxylate (P20)
[0200] To a solution of P19 (160 mg, 0.44 mmol) in dioxane (10 mL) was added Cs2CO3 (426 mg, 1.3 mmol) , RuPhos (203 mg, 0.44 mmol) and Ruphos Pd G3 (183 mg, 0.22 mmol) under N2. The reaction mixture was stirred at 110 ℃ for 5 h. Then another portion of Cs2CO3 (852 mg, 2.6 mmol) , RuPhos (122 mg, 0.26 mmol) and Ruphos Pd G3 (110 mg, 0.13 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at 110 ℃ for another 18 h. The reaction mixture was then cooled to RT, filtered, concentrated, and purified by chromatography on silica gel to give the title compound (70 mg, 48.6%) as an orange solid. LCMS (m / z) : 331.1 [M+H] +.
[0201] Step 5. Synthesis of (S) -6, 6a, 7, 8, 9, 10-hexahydropyrazino [1, 2-a] thieno [4, 3, 2-de] quinoline hydrochloride (Example 17·HCl)
[0202] To a solution of P20 (70 mg, 0.21 mmol) in 1, 4-dioxane (9 mL) was added HCl (4 M in 1, 4-dioxane, 9 mL, 36 mmol) . The mixture was stirred at RT for 18 h and concentrated. The crude product was purified by C18 column to give the title compound (40 mg, 68.3%) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.26 (s, 2H) , 7.39 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.27 (dd, J = 8.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.22 (s, 1H) , 6.78 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 4.07 (d, J =13.2 Hz, 1H) , 3.58 - 3.31 (m, 3H) , 3.23 - 3.12 (m, 2H) , 3.04 - 2.90 (m, 2H) , 2.81 -2.73 (m, 1H) . LCMS (m / z) : 231.1 [M+H] +.
[0203] The following compounds were prepared using similar methods as in Example 17. Example 18
[0204] (S) -5-Fluoro-6, 6a, 7, 8, 9, 10-hexahydropyrazino [1, 2-a] thieno [4, 3, 2-de] quinoline hydrochloride
[0205] The title compound was synthesized essentially by the method of Example 7 (without basification with NaHCO3) . 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.25 (s, 2H) , 7.33 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.27 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 6.84 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 4.05 (d, J =12.8 Hz, 1H) , 3.51 (t, J = 11.6 Hz, 2H) , 3.39 - 3.27 (m, 1H) , 3.24 - 3.14 (m, 2H) , 3.03 - 2.87 (m, 2H) , 2.71 - 2.63 (m, 1H) . LCMS (m / z) : 249.1 [M+H] +. Example 19
[0206] (6S, 6aR) -6, 6a, 7, 8, 9, 10-hexahydropyrazino [1, 2-a] thieno [4, 3, 2-de] quinolin-6-ol hydrochloride
[0207] Step 1. Synthesis of tert-butyl (R) -3- (hydroxymethyl) -4-tritylpiperazine-1-carboxylate (P23)
[0208] To a solution of tert-butyl (R) -3- (hydroxymethyl) piperazine-1-carboxylate (2.0 g, 9.2 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added TEA (7.7 mL, 56 mmol) and Trtyl-Cl (7.7 g, 28 mmol) at 0 ℃ under N2. After the reaction mixture was stirred at RT for 16 h, the reaction was quenched with sat. aq. NaHCO3, and extracted with EA (10 mL ×3) . The combined extracts were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, and purified by silica gel chromatography to give title compound (2.6 g, 61.0%) . LCMS (m / z) : 481.30 [M+Na] +.
[0209] Step 2. Synthesis of tert-butyl (R) -3-formyl-4-tritylpiperazine-1-carboxylate (P24) The title compound was synthesized essentially by the method of Example 7 step 1. LCMS (m / z) : 457.10 [M+H] +.
[0210] Step 3. Synthesis of tert-butyl (R) -3- ( (S) - (4-chlorobenzo [b] thiophen-3-yl) (hydroxy) methyl) -4-tritylpiperazine-1-carboxylate (P25) The title compound was synthesized essentially by the method of Example 7 step 2. LCMS (m / z) : 383.1 [M-Trt+2H] +.
[0211] Step 4. Synthesis of tert-butyl (R) -3- ( (S) - (4-chlorobenzo [b] thiophen-3-yl) (hydroxy) methyl) piperazine-1-carboxylate (P26) To a stirred solution of P25 (4.79 g, 7.7 mmol) in EtOAc (80 mL) was added aq. HCl (80 mL, 24 mmol, 0.3 N) at RT. The solution was stirred at RT for 1.5 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with sat. aq. K2CO3 (pH = 8-9) . The water phase was extracted with EtOAc (10 mL × 3) . The organic layers were combined, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated and purified by silica gel chromatography to give the title compound (2.4 g, 83.3%) . LCMS (m / z) : 383.1 [M+H] +.
[0212] Step 5. Synthesis of tert-butyl 2-methylpropan-2-yl (6aR, 6S) -6-hydroxy-6, 6a, 7, 8, 9, 10-hexahydrothieno [4, 3, 2-de] pyrazino [1, 2-a] quinoline-8-carboxylate (6)
[0213] To a solution of P26 (51 mg, 0.13 mmol) in dioxane (2 mL) was added Cs2CO3 (174 mg, 0.53 mmol) and PCy3 Pd G3 (8.7 mg, 0.013 mmol) under N2. The reaction mixture was stirred at 120 ℃ for 3.5 h. The reaction mixture was then cooled to RT, diluted with EA (5 mL) , The water phase was extracted with EA (5 mL × 3) . The combined extracts were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated and purified by chromatography on silica gel to give the title compound (38 mg, 83%) . LCMS (m / z) : 347.1 [M+H] +.
[0214] Step 6. Synthesis of (6S, 6aR) -6, 6a, 7, 8, 9, 10-hexahydropyrazino [1, 2-a] thieno [4, 3, 2-de] quinolin-6-ol hydrochloride (Example 19·HCl)
[0215] The title compound was synthesized essentially by the method of Example 17 step 5. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.57 - 9.32 (m, 2H) , 7.44 - 7.36 (m, 2H) , 7.27 (dd, J = 8.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 6.77 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 4.62 - 4.48 (m, 1H) , 4.01 (d, J =12.8 Hz, 1H) , 3.76 - 3.75 (m, 1H) , 3.51 (d, J = 12.8 Hz, 1H) , 3.24 - 2.94 (m, 4H) . LCMS (m / z) : 247.1 [M+H] +.
[0216] The following compounds were prepared using similar methods as in Example 19. Example 23
[0217] (S) -1-chloro-6, 6a, 7, 8, 9, 10-hexahydropyrazino [1, 2-a] thieno [4, 3, 2-de] quinoline hydrochloride
[0218] Step 1. Synthesis of tert-butyl (S) -1-chloro-6a, 7, 9, 10-tetrahydropyrazino [1, 2-a] thieno [4, 3, 2-de] quinoline-8 (6H) -carboxylate (P28) &tert-butyl (S) -3-chloro-6a, 7, 9, 10-tetrahydropyrazino [1, 2-a] thieno [4, 3, 2-de] quinoline-8 (6H) -carboxylate (P29)
[0219] The title compounds were synthesized essentially by the method of Example 9 step 4. LCMS (m / z) : 365.1 [M+H] +.
[0220] Step 2. (S) -1-chloro-6, 6a, 7, 8, 9, 10-hexahydropyrazino [1, 2-a] thieno [4, 3, 2-de] quinoline hydrochloride
[0221] The title compound was synthesized essentially by the method of Example 17 step 5. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.47 (s, 1H) , 9.31 (s, 1H) , 7.72 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.49 (s, 1H) , 7.38 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H) , 3.50 - 3.31 (m, 6H) , 3.23 (q, J = 11.6 Hz, 1H) , 3.09 (td, J = 12.0, 2.8 Hz, 1H) , 2.84 (d, J = 14.8 Hz, 1H) . LCMS (m / z) : 265.1 [M+H] +.
[0222] The following compounds were prepared using similar methods as in Example 23. Example 33
[0223] (S) -6, 6a, 7, 8, 9, 10-hexahydropyrazino [1, 2-a] thieno [4, 3, 2-de] quinoline-1-carbonitrile hydrochloride
[0224] Step 1. Synthesis of tert-butyl (S) -1-cyano-6a, 7, 9, 10-tetrahydropyrazino [1, 2-a] thieno [4, 3, 2-de] quinoline-8 (6H) -carboxylate (P30)
[0225] To a solution of P28 (50.0 mg, 0.14 mmol) in dioxane (1 mL) and H2O (1 mL) was added Pd (OAc) 2 (1.7 mg, 0.0075 mmol) , Xphos (13.1 mg, 0.027 mmol) , potassium hexacyanidoferrate (II) (50.5 mg, 0.137 mmol) and K2CO3 (18.9 mg, 0.137 mmol) under N2. The mixture was stirred at 100 ℃ for 16 h. The reaction mixture was quenched by H2O (10 mL) and extracted with EA (10 mL × 3) . The combined extracts were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, concentrated, and purified by chromatography on silica gel to give the title compound (20.4 mg, 41.9%) . LCMS (m / z) : 356.1 [M+H] +.
[0226] Step 2. Synthesis of (S) -6, 6a, 7, 8, 9, 10-hexahydropyrazino [1, 2-a] thieno [4, 3, 2-de] quinoline-1-carbonitrile hydrochloride
[0227] The title compound was synthesized essentially by the method of Example 17 step 5. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.47 (s, 2H) , 7.57 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.48 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H) , 7.44 (s, 1H) , 4.77 (dt, J = 14.4, 3.2 Hz, 1H) , 3.74 (tt, J = 10.0, 3.6 Hz, 1H) , 3.58 - 3.42 (m, 3H) , 3.28 - 3.14 (m, 2H) , 3.05 (dd, J = 13.2, 10.0 Hz, 1H) , 2.94 (ddd, J = 16.4, 9.6, 1.6 Hz, 1H) . LCMS (m / z) : 256.1 [M+H] +.
[0228] The following compounds were prepared using similar methods as in Example 33. Example 36
[0229] (6S, 6aR) -6-methoxy-6, 6a, 7, 8, 9, 10-hexahydropyrazino [1, 2-a] thieno [4, 3, 2-de] quinoline hydrochloride
[0230] Step 1. Synthesis of tert-butyl (6S, 6aR) -6-methoxy-6a, 7, 9, 10-tetrahydropyrazino [1, 2-a] thieno [4, 3, 2-de] quinoline-8 (6H) -carboxylate (P31)
[0231] The title compound was synthesized essentially by the method of Example 3 step 1. LCMS (m / z) : 361.1 [M+H] +.
[0232] Step 2. Synthesis of (6S, 6aR) -6-methoxy-6, 6a, 7, 8, 9, 10-hexahydropyrazino [1, 2-a] thieno [4, 3, 2-de] quinoline hydrochloride
[0233] The title compound was synthesized essentially by the method of Example 17 step 5. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 7.47 (s, 1H) , 7.38 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.31 (dd, J = 8.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 6.82 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 4.54 (dd, J = 6.0, 1.2 Hz, 1H) , 4.31 -4.20 (m, 1H) , 3.70 - 3.51 (m, 6H) , 3.50 - 3.39 (m, 1H) , 3.26 (d, J = 10.0 Hz, 1H) , 2.95 (t, J = 12.4 Hz, 1H) . LCMS (m / z) : 261.1 [M+H] +.
[0234] The following compounds were prepared using similar methods as in Example 36. Biological Studies
[0235] The following assays and tests were used to measure the effects of the compounds of the present disclosure. Human 5-HT2A receptor calcium mobilization assay
[0236] Human 5-HT2A receptor was stably expressed in the Flp-In-CHO cell (Invitrogen R75807) . The cells were grown in complete growth media containing 90%Ham’s F-12K (Hyclone SH30526.01) , 10%fetal bovine serum (FBS, Ausgenex FBS500-S) , 1 x Penicillin-Streptomycin (PS, Gibco 15140122) , and 600 μg / mL Hygromycin B (Sigma-Aldrich V900372) .
[0237] One day prior to assay, cells were rinsed with PBS (Solarbio P1020-500) and lifted using TrypLETM Express enzyme (ThermoFisher Scientific 12604021) at sub-confluency. TrypLETM Express enzyme was inactivated by 1: 3 dilution with assay media (90%Ham’s F-12K, 10%fetal bovine serum) . The cells were spun in a centrifuge at 250 times gravity for 3 minutes at room temperature. Supernatant was removed and the cell pellet was resuspended in assay media to a concentration of 4 × 105 cells / mL. Cells were then added to assay plates (Corning 3764) as 25 μL per well (10,000 cells) and incubated overnight (20-24 hours) in a 37 ℃ humidified incubator with 5%carbon dioxide (CO2) .
[0238] The following day, culture media were removed from the cell plates and replaced with 20 μL assay buffer (1 X HBSS (Gibco 14025076) containing 20 mM HEPES (Gibco 15630080) ) . An equal volume of 2 × Ca2+ indicator (FLIPR Calcium 6 Assay Kit, Molecular Devices R8191) containing 5 mM probenecid (Invitrogen P36400) was added to each well. Plates were then covered and incubated for 2 hours in a 37 ℃ humidified incubator with 5%carbon dioxide (CO2) prior to assay in the FLIPR (Molecular Devices FLIPR) .
[0239] Compounds were prepared during the incubation. Test compounds were solubilized in 100%dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, Sigma-Aldrich D8418) to a concentration of 20 mM. A 10-point intermediate dilution series using half log dilutions were created in 100%DMSO by liquid handler (Labcyte Echo 555) , as 250 nL per well in 384-well compound plates (Corning 3657) . To the prepared serially diluted compound plates, 250 nL of 1 mM Serotonin (Selleck S4244, 1 uM final) or 250 nL of 100%DMSO (0.1%final) was added to the positive and negative control wells, respectively. Compound plates were then diluted by adding 50 μL of assay buffer.
[0240] At the end of the 2-hour equilibration, a baseline signal was collected with FLIPR, once per second for 10 seconds prior to compound addition followed by 240 s signal collection at 1 second interval for each addition. For the agonist mode, 10 μL of test compound, Serotonin or DMSO was transferred from the compound plates to the cell plates.
[0241] The raw data files were exported from the FLIPR ScreenWorks software. Maximum fold increase in fluorescence was determined by dividing the maximum value of fluorescence obtained after compound addition by the average of the baseline values taken before compound addition. For agonist mode, the percent effect at each compound concentration was calculated based on and relative to the maximum fold increase in fluorescence produced by the positive and negative control wells contained on each plate. The positive control cells contained an EC100 concentration of Serotonin and the negative control wells contained only DMSO. The concentration and %effect values were analyzed using GraphPad PRISM and fitted in a four-parameter logistic dose response equation. The relative EC50 value (Potency) and the maximum asymptote of the concentration response curve (Efficacy) were then determined.
[0242] Tables below shows the results for exemplary compounds. Table 4. Human 5-HT2A receptor calcium mobilization relative EC50 value and efficacy of exemplary compounds Human 5-HT2AR β-arrestin recruitment BRET assay
[0243] Human 5-HT2AR-RLuc8-GRK2-β-arrestin-GFP2 expressing stable cell line was generated with HEK293 cells. The cells were cultured in complete growth media containing 90%DMEM (Biochannel BC-M-005-500mL) , 10%fetal bovine serum (FBS, AusGeneX FBS500-S) , 1 × Penicillin-Streptomycin (PS, Gibco 15070063) , 31.25 μg / mL Hygromycin (Adamas 47338F) , 75 μg / mL Zeocin (InvivoGen ant-zn-05) , and 300 μg / mL G418 (Beyotime ST081-5g) .
[0244] One day prior to assay, cells were rinsed with PBS (Solarbio P1020-500) and lifted using TrypLETM Express enzyme (ThermoFisher Scientific 12604021) at sub-confluency. TrypLETM Express enzyme was inactivated by 1: 3 dilution with assay media (90%Ham’s F-12K, 10%fetal bovine serum) . The cells were spun in a centrifuge at 250 times gravity for 3 minutes at room temperature. Supernatant was removed and the cell pellet was resuspended in DMEM containing 1%dialyzed FBS (OPCEL BS-1202-50mL) to a concentration of 3.75 × 105 cells / mL. Cells were then added to Poly-D-Lysine (Gibco A3890401) coated assay plates (Corning 3570) as 40 μL per well (15,000 cells) and incubated overnight (20-24 hours) in a 37 ℃ humidified incubator with 5%carbon dioxide (CO2) .
[0245] Test compounds were solubilized in 100%dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, Sigma-Aldrich D8418) to a concentration of 20 mM. A 10-point 3 × compound dilution series using half log dilutions were created by Integra liquid handler in 96-well compound plates (QA-254-096V-036L) . Serotonin (Selleck S4244, 1 uM final) or 100%DMSO (0.1%final) was added to the positive and negative control wells, respectively.
[0246] On the following day, the medium was carefully removed and replaced immediately with 20 μL assay buffer (1 × HBSS buffer (Gibco 14025076) with 20 mM HEPES (Gibco 15630080) ) containing 7.5 μM coelenterazine 400a (Yeasen 40905ES02) . At the end of a 2-minute equilibration, cells were treated with 10 μl of 3 × compounds for an additional 5 minutes. Plates were then read in an CLARIOstar Plus plate reader with 420 nm (RLuc8-coelenterazine 400a) and 510 nm (GFP2) emission filters, at integration times of 1 s per well.
[0247] The raw data were exported from the CLARIOstar Plus and the BRET ratios were computed as the ratio of the GFP2 emission to RLuc8 emission. Normalization was done using the reference ligand serotonin as a divisor, which means BRET ratio of negative control wells was designated as 0%, BRET ratio of positive control wells as 100%. The concentration and %effect values were analyzed using GraphPad PRISM and fitted in a three-parameter logistic dose response equation. The relative EC50 value (Potency) and the maximum asymptote of the concentration response curve (Efficacy) were then determined. Table 5. Human 5-HT2AR β-arrestin recruitment relative EC50 value and efficacy of exemplary compounds Head twitch response (HTR) test Animals:
[0248] Male C57BL / 6J mice (8 weeks old at the time of experiment, provider: Jihui, Shanghai) . All the mice went through 1 week of habituation period. They were group housed in plastic cages (4-5 animals per cage) under a 12-h light: 12-h dark cycle (lights on at 07: 00 a. m. ) and maintained under controlled temperature (20 -25 ℃) and humidity (40 -70%) . Food and water were provided ad libitum. All the experiments were conducted in accordance with the criteria of IACUC. Materials and instruments:
[0249] 1. Transparent acrylic test box with opaque floor plate (15 cm x 15 cm x 15 cm) with light above; 2. GoPro Hero 13 camera; 3. Test articles were completely dissolved in vehicle (5%DMSO + 10%solutol + 85%saline) and dosed via i.p. route (5 mL / kg) . Procedures:
[0250] 1. 5-10 minutes before the test, the animals were brought to the test room for habituation under standard illumination; 2. Each animal was dosed i.p. in order, then immediately put into the test box with a camera recording from above (1920*1080 pixels, 30 fps) for 15 minutes; 3. After the video recording finished, the animal was brought back to home cage, and the box was cleaned with 75%ethanol for the next round of test; 4. After all the recordings were done, the videos were automatically analyzed using VisuHTR 2.0.0.1 (Xinruan, Shanghai) and the marked HTR events were checked manually. Table 6. Head twitch response (HTR) test results of exemplary compounds. N=6 for vehicle group, N=3 for test article groups. Data presented as Mean ± SEM.
[0251] The foregoing description is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the present disclosure. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and process shown as described above. Accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be considered to fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims that follow.
Claims
1.A compound having a Formula (A) or Formula (B) : or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,wherein,X is -O-, -S-or -N (RX) -;RX is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and cycloalkyl;each of Y1, Y2 and Y3 is independently selected from N or CH;is a single bond or double bond;each of R1, R2, R3a, R3b, R4a, R4b, R5a, R5b, R6a, and R6b is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, hydrogen, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, alkoxyl, alkylthio, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -ORa, -C (O) Ra, -C (O) ORa, -C (O) N (Ra) (Rb) , -OC (O) Ra, -N (Rb) C (O) Ra, -S (O) Ra, -S (O) 2Ra, -N (Ra) (Rb) , -alkyl-cycloalkyl, -alkyl-heterocycloalkyl, -alkyl-aryl, -alkyl-heteroaryl, -alkyl-ORa, -alkyl-C (O) Ra, -alkyl-C (O) ORa, -alkyl-C (O) N (Ra) (Rb) , -alkyl-OC (O) Ra, -alkyl-N (Rb) C (O) Ra, -alkyl-S (O) Ra, -alkyl-S (O) 2Ra and -alkyl-N (Ra) (Rb) , wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, alkoxyl, alkylthio, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -alkyl-cycloalkyl, -alkyl-heterocycloalkyl, -alkyl-aryl and -alkyl-heteroaryl are independently optionally substituted with one or more Rc;Ra and Rb at each occurrence are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, where the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl are independently optionally substituted with one or more Rc;each Rc is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, amino, cyano, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, -NH (alkyl) and -N (alkyl) 2;m is 0, 1, 2 or 3;n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; andprovided that the compound is not2.The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound has a formula selected from: 3.The compound of claim 1 or 2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound has a formula selected from: 4.The compound of claim 1 or 2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound has a formula selected from: 5.The compound of any one of claims 1-4, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound has a formula selected from: 6.The compound of any one of claims 1-5, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein,(i) each of Y1, Y2 and Y3 is independently CH; or(ii) one of Y1, Y2 and Y3 is N, and the other two are CH.7.The compound of any one of claims 1-6, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of R1, R2, R3a, R3b, R4a, R4b, R5a, R5b, R6a, and R6b is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, -C (O) Ra, -C (O) ORa, -C (O) N (Ra) (Rb) , -OC (O) Ra, -S (O) 2Ra, alkyl-heteroaryl, -alkyl-C (O) Ra, -alkyl-C (O) ORa and -alkyl-C (O) N (Ra) (Rb) , wherein the alkyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl and alkyl-heteroaryl are independently optionally substituted with one or more Rc.8.The compound of any one of claims 1-7, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of R1, R2, R3a, R3b, R4a, R4b, R5a, R5b, R6a, and R6b is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, ethynyl, -CHF2, -CF3, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, oxetanyl, azetidinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, isoxazolyl, triazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, -CH2-pyrazolyl, -CH2CH2OH, -OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -CH2CH2OCH3, -OCH2CH3, -C (O) CH3, -C (O) CH2CH3, -C (O) CH (CH3) 2, -C (O) C (CH3) 3, -C (O) OCH3, -C (O) OCH2CH3, -C (O) N (CH3) 2, -S (O) 2CH3, -CH2C (O) CH3, -CH2C (O) OCH3, -OC (O) CH3, -C (O) -cyclopropyl and -C (O) -cyclobutyl, wherein the methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, ethynyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, oxetanyl, azetidinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, isoxazolyl, triazolyl, oxazolyl and oxadiazolyl are independently optionally substituted with one or more Rc.9.The compound of claim 8, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each Rc is independently halogen, amino, cyano, hydroxyl, alkyl or alkoxyl.10.The compound of any one of claims 1-9, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of R3a, R3b, R5a and R5b is independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxyl, alkoxyl, alkyl or -OC (O) Ra.11.The compound of any one of claims 1-10, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of R3a, R3b, R5a and R5b is independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxyl, -CH3, -OCH3, -OCH2CH3 or -OC (O) CH3.12.A compound having a Formula (I) or Formula (II) : or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,wherein,X is -O-, -S-or -N (RX) -;RX is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and cycloalkyl;is a single bond or double bond;each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, cyano, nitro, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, alkoxyl, alkylthio, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -ORa, -C (O) Ra, -C (O) ORa, -C (O) N (Ra) (Rb) , -OC (O) Ra, -N (Rb) C (O) Ra, -S (O) Ra, -S (O) 2Ra, -N (Ra) (Rb) , -alkyl-cycloalkyl, -alkyl-heterocycloalkyl, -alkyl-aryl, -alkyl-heteroaryl, -alkyl-ORa, -alkyl-C (O) Ra, -alkyl-C (O) ORa, -alkyl-C (O) N (Ra) (Rb) , -alkyl-OC (O) Ra, -alkyl-N (Rb) C (O) Ra, -alkyl-S (O) Ra, -alkyl-S (O) 2Ra and -alkyl-N (Ra) (Rb) wherein the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroalkyl, heteroalkenyl, heteroalkynyl, alkoxyl, alkylthio, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, -alkyl-cycloalkyl, -alkyl-heterocycloalkyl, -alkyl-aryl and -alkyl-heteroaryl are independently optionally substituted with one or more Rc;Ra and Rb at each occurrence are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, where the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl are independently optionally substituted with one or more Rc;each Rc is independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, halogen, amino, cyano, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, -NH (alkyl) and -N (alkyl) 2;p is 0, 1, 2 or 3;q is 0 or 1;m is 0, 1, 2 or 3;n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; andprovided that p+q is an integer of at least 1.13.The compound of claim 12, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound has a formula selected from: 14.The compound of claim 12 or 13, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound has a formula selected from: 15.The compound of any one of claims 1-14, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein RX is H.16.The compound of any one of claims 1-14, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein RX is alkyl or cycloalkyl.17.The compound of any one of claims 1-14, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein RX is methyl or cyclopropyl.18.The compound of any one of claims 1-14, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyl, heteroalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, -alkyl-heteroaryl, -alkyl-C (O) Ra, -C (O) Ra, -C (O) ORa, -C (O) N (Ra) (Rb) , and -S (O) 2Ra, wherein the alkyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyl, heteroalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl and -alkyl-heteroaryl are independently optionally substituted with one or more Rc.19.The compound of claim 18, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, ethynyl, -CHF2, -CF3, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, oxetanyl, azetidinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, isoxazolyl, triazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, -CH2-pyrazolyl, -OCH3, -CH2OCH3, -OCH2CH3, -CH2CH2OH, -CH2CH2OCH3, -C (O) CH3, -C (O) CH2CH3, -C (O) CH (CH3) 2, -C (O) C (CH3) 3, -C (O) OCH3, -C (O) OCH2CH3, -C (O) N (CH3) 2, -S (O) 2CH3, -CH2C (O) CH3, -CH2C (O) OCH3, -OC (O) CH3, -C (O) -cyclopropyl and -C (O) -cyclobutyl, wherein the methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, ethynyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, oxetanyl, azetidinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridyl, isoxazolyl, triazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl and -CH2-pyrazolyl are independently optionally substituted with one or more Rc .20.The compound of claim 18 or 19, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, each Rc is independently halogen, amino, cyano, hydroxyl, alkyl or alkyoxyl.21.The compound of any one of claims 1-20, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound is selected from any compound set forth in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3.1 and Table 3.2.22.A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of any one of claims 1-21, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.23.A method for treating the 5-HT2A associated diseases or diseases responsive to 5-HT2A modulation therapies in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof of any one of claims 1-21 or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 22.24.The method of claim23, wherein the 5-HT2A associated diseases or diseases responsive to 5-HT2A modulation therapies are selected from the group consisting of depressive disorders (including major depressive disorder [MDD] , persistent depressive disorder [PDD] , treatment-resistant depression [TRD] , seasonal affective disorder [SAD] , and other entities in this category) , bipolar disorders (including bipolar I, bipolar II, cyclothymia, and other entities in this category) , anxiety disorders (panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder [GAD] , and other entities in this category) , post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) , obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) , substance use disorder (drug addiction) , eating disorders (including anorexia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, and other entities in this category) , chronic pain (including phantom limb pain, palliative related pain, neuropathic pain, and other entities in this category) , headache disorders (including migraine, clustered headaches, and other entities in this category) , schizophrenia (addressing negative symptoms and cognitive deficits) , psychiatric comorbidities and cognitive deficits in neurodegenerative disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders associated with synaptic deficits or synaptic dysfunction, and end-of-life psychological distress.