Conductor apparatus designed to be used in electrical machines powered by alternating current

Abstract

The invention relates to a conductor apparatus which is designed to be used in electrical machines, in particular motors and / or generators, powered by alternating current, the conductor apparatus comprising at least two elongate, in particular rigid, conductor elements (11, 12) having contact devices for coupling-in and coupling-out electrical current, wherein the conductor elements provide a current path and the conductor elements (11, 12) form a layer arrangement having electrical insulation arranged therebetween, wherein the conductor elements (11, 12) of the layer arrangement are stacked one on top of the other and, over their conductor length, swap places in relation to the layer in the stack at least once, wherein each conductor element (11, 12) of the layer arrangement comprises output insulation (15), the nominal layer thickness of which varies over the length and / or the periphery of the relevant conductor element (11, 12).

Description

[0001] Additives | Drives GmbH M / ADID-039-PC Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG

[0002] Conductor device designed for use in alternating current powered electrical machines

[0003] Description

[0004] The invention relates to a conductor device designed to be used in alternating current supplied electrical machines, in particular motors, comprising at least two elongated, in particular rigid, conductor elements with contact devices for coupling in and coupling out electric current, wherein the conductor elements provide a current path and the conductor elements form a layered arrangement with electrical insulation according to the preamble of claim 1.

[0005] It is known that so-called Röbel conductors are used in high-current applications in generators or in high-performance electric motors.

[0006] Röbel conductors or Röbel rods typically consist of at least ten individual conductors, with some of these conductors swapping positions along their length by twisting them together. This causes some of the conductors in a wound coil to change position. This is particularly important for minimizing current displacement effects.

[0007] Röbel bars are bars produced by twisting square profile wires, with the number of individual profile bars being greater than ten. The profile wires can be combined in the Röbel tool in such a way that sections with untwisted, parallel profile wires and sections with twisted profile wires are continuously arranged next to each other, and that the foremost strand section in the untwisted area is periodically cut off from the strand as a Röbel bar.

[0008] To date, the "Roebel rod" is primarily used in large engine and generator construction. Meissner Bolte 2 M / ADID-039-PC

[0009] The idea of ​​twisted conductor bundles dates back to a patent by Ludwig Roebel from 1912 and describes the elimination of eddy current losses from displacement by dividing the conductors into insulated sub-conductors and interlacing them.

[0010] The current state of the art involves twisting a large number of sub-conductors together, or even twisting and crimping stranded wire. This results in a continuous change of sub-conductors over an undefined distance.

[0011] Current developments in stator windings are based on the technology of hairpin or I-pin plug-in windings. Here, advantages similar to those of the Roebel bar can potentially be achieved with only two sub-conductors and one layer change per stator pass (stator slot). The insulation between the sub-conductors is achieved by arranging insulating strips that overlap at the layer change before the individual conductors are paired. At the pairing point, the overlapping areas ensure complete insulation. A further layer of insulation, enclosing the entire conductor, is applied subsequently.

[0012] The object of the invention is to provide a further developed conductor device designed for use in alternating current-powered electrical machines, in particular electric motors, preferably in a vehicle or aircraft that is at least partially electrically powered. The conductor device should be cost-effective and manufacturable with high efficiency and, moreover, exhibit improved electrical properties compared to the prior art, in particular reduced losses due to the current displacement effect, and contribute to achieving high fill factors in a stator slot of the electric motors.The conductor assembly, which incorporates conductor elements, is based on the concept of manufacturing the individual flat conductor elements separately and processing them using conventional methods, such as bulk forming or pressing, in order to ensure the aforementioned high productivity. The manufactured flat conductor elements can then be assembled into the conductor assembly, cut to length as needed, and connected at the ends.

[0013] The problem solved by the invention is achieved with the features of claim 1.

[0014] A method for manufacturing a conductor device, designed to power alternating current-fed electrical machines, in particular motors, has already been presented (Meissner Bolte 3 M / ADID-039-PC).

[0015] and / or generators, preferably of an at least partially electrically powered motor vehicle, comprising at least two elongated, rigid flat conductor elements with contact devices for coupling in and out of electric current, wherein the flat conductor elements provide a current path and the flat conductor elements form a layered arrangement with electrical insulation in between, wherein the flat conductor elements, preferably two flat conductor elements, are stacked on top of each other and exchange their positions in relation to their position in the stack at least once along their conductor length, wherein the method comprises: insulating at least one respective section of the flat conductor elements and subsequently reshaping the flat conductor elements to enable the layer exchange.

[0016] One idea was to arrange and / or form insulation on the flat conductor element prior to a forming step for layer exchange. This arrangement preferably involves applying an insulating layer. Application can be achieved through dipping, painting, extrusion, or spraying. Forming an insulating layer is preferably possible, particularly for flat conductor elements that contain at least some aluminum, by anodizing the element. This allows for simple and rapid manufacturing, and in particular simplifies the insulation process.

[0017] Preferably, the flat conductor elements are placed on top of each other (generally: next to each other) before forming. This improves the subsequent assembly and the mechanical stability of the flat conductor device, as the flat conductor elements can be processed precisely and consistently.

[0018] Preferably, the flat conductor elements are twisted within themselves (or relative to each other) by at least substantially 180° (in particular with a maximum deviation of 10°, preferably 2°) within a predetermined twisting section. When such a flat conductor device is used in the stator of an electric motor, current displacement effects can be reduced in this way.

[0019] Alternatively, a method for manufacturing a flat conductor device is designed for use in alternating current supplied electrical machines, in particular motors and / or generators, preferably of an at least partially electrically powered motor vehicle, comprising at least two elongated, rigid flat conductor elements with contact devices for coupling in and out of Meissner Bolte 4 M / ADID-039-PC

[0020] electric current, wherein the flat conductor elements provide a current path and the flat conductor elements form a layered arrangement with electrical insulation in between, wherein the flat conductor elements are stacked on top of each other and exchange their positions in relation to their position in the stack at least once along their conductor length, wherein: The flat conductor elements are jointly formed to enable a layer exchange, wherein at least two of the flat conductor elements are placed next to each other (in particular, preferably on their flat sides, on top of each other) before the forming, wherein the flat conductor elements are twisted in a predetermined twist section relative to each other flat conductor element (or within themselves) by at least substantially 180° (in particular with a maximum deviation of 10°, preferably 2°).

[0021] One idea is to achieve a change in position by locally twisting the flat conductor elements. This allows for simple and rapid manufacturing of the flat conductor device. In particular, such a flat conductor device enables a simple change (or exchange) of the flat conductor elements in a stator slot of an electric machine.

[0022] The described possibilities particularly simplify the continuous prefabrication of the flat conductor device. The flat conductor elements can be easily insulated from each other and from the outside. Overall, this enables economical mass production of the flat conductor device, preferably for electric motors and / or generators for use in motor vehicles.

[0023] A conductor element also includes a ribbon-shaped conductor element.

[0024] The cross-section of the conductor element can be polygonal, in particular rectangular. The ratio of the width to the thickness (or height) of the cross-section is preferably, but not limited to, at least 5:4, more preferably at least 3:2, further preferably at least 2:1, optionally at least 3:1 and / or at most 6:1, preferably at most 4:1.

[0025] The ratio of the length of the flat conductor element to the width of the flat conductor element is preferably at least 20:1, preferably at least 30:1, optionally at least 50:1 or at least 100:1 and / or at most 10000:1, preferably at most 1000:1 or at most 100:1, optionally at most 50:1. Meissner Bolte 5 M / ADID-039-PC

[0026] If the flat conductor elements are formed together to enable layer exchange, the manufacturing process of a stator winding can be simplified, since a layer jump can be directly achieved, preferably with a flat conductor device designed as an I-pin or hairpin. Consequently, the efficiency of stator manufacturing can be increased in particular.

[0027] The respective flat conductor element, preferably a pin, a hairpin or an entire wave winding, can in the final state comprise one or more twisted sections and can comprise one or more straight sections, wherein a length of the individual twisted section or a summed total length of the twisted sections represents at most 50%, preferably at most 20%, further preferably at most 8% and / or at least 0.1%, optionally at least 1% or at least 5% of the length of the individual straight section or a summed total length of all straight sections.

[0028] A deformation of the overall cross-section of at least two adjacent flat conductor elements resulting from a twist (in particular a corresponding bulge) can be at least partially reversed, for example by a pressing and / or rolling process. This allows for a comparatively flat surface in the twisted area. Thus, compact stacking and an arrangement of the flat conductor element, in particular a region of the flat conductor element exhibiting the twist-related deformation, in a stator groove are possible.

[0029] In the area of ​​the twisted sections, the cross-sectional shape of the flat conductor elements can vary, whereby the cross-sectional area can remain at least substantially constant (i.e., in particular, the delta between the maximum and minimum is less than or equal to 10% of the maximum, and in particular less than or equal to 3% of the maximum) or can vary. A constant cross-sectional area can prevent or minimize hotspots in the flat conductor device.

[0030] The cross-sectional area in the twisted sections can be adapted to the cross-sectional area of ​​the other sections of the flat conductor elements, so that a hotspot in the twisted area or section can be avoided. Meissner Bolte 6 M / ADID-039-PC

[0031] The flat conductor device can comprise a stacking arrangement of at least two flat conductor elements, each with at least one or at least two twisting sections, wherein the respective ends of the flat conductor elements can be electrically connected.

[0032] Preferably, the flat conductor device comprises exclusively two flat conductor elements. In this way, an I-pin, a hairpin, or even an entire wave or endless winding for an electric motor can be easily produced, whereby the stator winding can exhibit a reduced current displacement effect.

[0033] It is conceivable that a stator winding has a plurality of flat conductor devices, wherein a flat conductor device preferably comprises exclusively two flat conductor elements, and the plurality of flat conductor devices are stacked on top of each other at least in certain areas.

[0034] The flat conductor device can be part of a rectangular coil, a hairpin, an I-pin, an X-pin or a wave or endless winding.

[0035] Basically, at least two flat conductor elements are stacked on top of each other. The flat conductor elements exchange positions along their conductor length with respect to their position in the stack, i.e., top or bottom, preferably at least once.

[0036] In the area of ​​the twisting sections, the cross-sectional shapes of the flat conductor elements can vary.

[0037] In a further development, the cross-sectional area (at least one cross-section, possibly all cross-sections) in the region of the respective twist section is adapted to the cross-sectional area of ​​the other sections of the flat conductor elements (in particular, at least at one twist section, at least substantially equal to the cross-sectional area of ​​at least one other, possibly all other, sections of the flat conductor elements not located within a twist section). Preferably, a high degree of uniformity and constancy of the cross-sectional areas is to be achieved.

[0038] The stack arrangement is preferably adapted in terms of its length and cross-sectional dimensions to the dimensions of slots in the stator or core of an electric machine. Meissner Bolte 7 M / ADID-039-PC

[0039] In various embodiments, the flat conductor device can be provided in only a subset of a number of individual pins (hair pins) of a coil and / or electrical machine (or in all pins). For example, the flat conductor device can be provided in at least 1%, preferably at least 8%, more preferably at least 25%, and / or at most 90%, more preferably at most 70%, and more preferably at most 50% of the pins. This allows the advantages of the flat conductor device to be used in a targeted and measured way. Preferably, pins located further inwards within a given stator are equipped with the flat conductor device, and pins located further outwards are not. Preferably, the flat conductor device according to the invention is arranged close to the rotor within the air gap. However, it is conceivable that the flat conductor device is arranged over all winding layers of the stator.

[0040] The flat conductor elements are preferably stacked closely together and / or at least almost gap-free and / or densely packed, with the initial insulation according to the invention arranged between them.

[0041] The flat conductor elements are, for example, made from solid copper or copper alloy material and / or from solid aluminum or aluminum alloy material and / or manufactured using additive manufacturing technology.

[0042] The flat conductor elements can be produced by material forming. For example, two or more solid strip materials, preferably with a rectangular cross-section, can be formed together, preferably in such a way that one or more twisted sections are created. The joining of the flat conductor elements to obtain the flat conductor device can be automated.

[0043] The flat conductor elements of the flat conductor device are preferably arranged (in cross-section, particularly perpendicular to the longitudinal extent) (at least outside the respective twisting section and / or over at least 50% or at least 90% of their length) in (only) one row above the other. When the flat conductor device is arranged in a stator slot, "arranged one above the other" means that the flat conductor elements are arranged one above the other or next to each other in the radial direction of the stator. In the circumferential direction of the stator, the flat conductor device is preferably arranged in a single layer in the stator slot.

[0044] The flat conductor elements of the flat conductor device are preferably (in cross-section, especially perpendicular to the longitudinal extent) (at least outside the respective Meissner Bolte 8 M / ADID-039-PC

[0045] (rotation section and / or over at least 50% or at least 90% of their length) arranged so that they are not next to each other.

[0046] The respective center lines of the flat conductor elements of the flat conductor device can be identical (at least outside the respective twist section and / or over at least 50%, 90%, or 95% of their length) in a perpendicular projection onto the underside of a bottommost layer and / or the topside of an outermost layer (generally: the outside of an outermost layer). Preferably, when arranged in a stator slot of a stator, the flat conductor elements of the flat conductor device are arranged side by side in the radial direction of the stator.

[0047] Preferably, the cross-sectional area of ​​at least one cross-section (or possibly all cross-sections) within a (respective) twisting section corresponds at least 0.6 times, preferably at least 0.9 times, and / or at most 1.5 times, preferably at most 1.1 times, to the cross-sectional area of ​​at least one cross-section (or possibly all cross-sections) of the respective flat conductor outside the twisting section. An increased cross-sectional area of ​​the flat conductor assembly within the twisting section can preferably be achieved by compressing the flat conductor assembly during and / or after the twisting process. An increased cross-sectional area of ​​the flat conductor assembly can prevent a potential hotspot in the twisting area.

[0048] Preferably, the (minimal) width of a respective flat conductor in the area of ​​a (respective) twisting section is smaller than the width of the corresponding flat conductor outside the twisting section, preferably by at least 10% or at least 30% smaller and / or by at most 80% smaller.

[0049] Preferably, the (maximum) thickness (height) of a respective flat conductor in the area of ​​a (respective) twisting section is greater than the thickness of the corresponding flat conductor outside the twisting section, preferably by at least 10% or at least 50% greater and / or by a maximum of 200% greater.

[0050] A polymer, particularly an elastomer, can be used as the material for the initial insulation. Specifically, the material can include, be based on, or consist of: silicone, fluorosilicone, polyurethane, acrylic, polyamide, polyimide, PEEK, and / or epoxy. Meissner Bolte 9 M / ADID-039-PC

[0051] Alternatively or in addition to applied insulation, the insulation can also be a naturally formed galvanically insulating layer, for example, an oxide protective layer. An oxide protective layer can, but is not limited to, preferably in the case of a flat conductor element made of an aluminum alloy, be formed by anodizing the flat conductor element.

[0052] The insulation can have a varying (layer) thickness of at least 10 pm, preferably at least 25 pm, optionally at least 50 pm and / or at most 150 pm, preferably at most 100 pm, optionally at most 75 pm, including the limits.

[0053] The cross-section of each flat conductor element can be at least 0.5 mm (at least in the respective straight section). 2 , preferably at least 1 mm 2 , possibly at least 5 mm 2 and / or at most 50 mm 2 , preferably no more than 20 mm 2, preferably no more than 12 mm 2 be.

[0054] The thickness of each flat conductor element can be at least 0.2 mm, preferably at least 1 mm, optionally at least 1.5 mm and / or at most 8 mm, preferably at most 4 mm, optionally at most 2 mm.

[0055] The flat conductor device can preferably have at least or exactly two layers, or at least or exactly three layers, or at least or exactly four layers, for an I-pin, a hairpin or an X-pin.

[0056] The flat conductor device can preferably have at least one or exactly one, or at least two or exactly two, or at least four or exactly four, or more twist sections for an I-pin, a hairpin, or an X-pin. At least two or exactly two twist sections can collectively represent a transposition to one position two positions further along (or, with a corresponding number of position changes, to the third position further along or even further away).

[0057] A (single) transposition can lead (directly) from one position to the next-but-one, or even further, position.

[0058] The flat conductor device can have at least two or exactly two, or at least three or exactly three, or more flat conductor elements. Meissner Bolte 10 M / ADID-039-PC

[0059] The (respective) position change or twisting section is preferably provided in a respective active area of ​​the flat conductor or flat conductor device. Generally, at least one, or exactly one, or at least two, or exactly two, or at least three, or exactly three, or more transpositions (position changes) can be present in the (respective) active area of ​​a stator slot (per flat conductor device).

[0060] The (respective) position change is preferably arranged in such a way that a (maximum) minimization of the current displacement effects within a stator winding can be achieved.

[0061] Optionally, several position changes within the active area of ​​the stator or motor are arranged at constant intervals.

[0062] The flat conductor device can be configured as a hairpin or as a replacement for (conventional) hairpins and / or within a profile wire winding, especially to minimize eddy current losses within the winding.

[0063] Extensive investigations have shown that the resulting layered arrangement of the conductor elements formed by stacking them is crucial for the electrical properties and functionality of an AC-powered electric machine. The thickness of the insulation layer reduces the fill factor with respect to the number of conductor elements inserted into the slot of a stator core. Based on the applicants' findings, the idea was to analyze and optimize the insulation with regard to the electrical arrangement of the conductor elements from phase to phase or from phase to ground.

[0064] From these analyses and investigations follows the basic concept of the invention, which consists in each conductor element of the layer arrangement having an initial insulation whose layer thickness varies over the length and / or circumference of the respective conductor element. This variance can extend over one or more transpositions, but can also vary within the transposition sections.

[0065] If the conductor elements are designed as flat conductors, the initial insulation may have different layer thicknesses depending on the circumference of the respective flat conductor. Meissner Bolte 11 M / ADID-039-PC

[0066] In a preferred embodiment, the stacked conductor elements have a reduced layer thickness on their sides or faces facing each other within the stack, relative to the remaining thickness of the initial insulation. This is possible because the electrical contact at the distal ends of the conductors of the conductor elements generates a nearly uniform electrical potential distribution within the stacked conductor elements. Accordingly, even minimal electrical insulation is sufficient to reliably isolate potential differences. Potential differences between the stacked conductor elements can only arise from varying conductor lengths in the winding head geometries or variations between material batches. This potential resulting from the reduced insulation requirements can be used to increase the winding's efficiency by increasing its electrical fill factor.Preferred reduced layer thicknesses range between 5 pm and 30 pm. The reduced layer thickness focuses on the plane-parallel area of ​​the facing sides between the conductor elements in the stator slots and explicitly excludes the edge radii of the winding wires.

[0067] The outer sides or surface areas in the respective stack of the respective layer arrangement preferably have an increased layer thickness with increased electrical breakdown strength, i.e. an improved separation distance.

[0068] Another finding is that the initial insulation has an elasticity or ductility adapted to the ductility of the conductor element material, so that damage to the insulation during layer replacement, especially through forming processes, can be avoided.

[0069] In a further development of the invention, the respective layer arrangement is enveloped by a final insulation layer in liquid, hardening or thin-film form.

[0070] The respective initial insulation can be produced by one or more extrusion steps, whereby the insulation properties are determined by the material or the composition of the extrudate.

[0071] The respective conductor element around the respective starting insulation can also be formed together using a co-extrusion process.

[0072] The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to an exemplary embodiment and with the aid of figures. Meissner Bolte 12 M / ADID-039-PC

[0073] This shows:

[0074] Fig. 1 shows a schematic side view of a flat conductor device;

[0075] Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of one step in a manufacturing process;

[0076] Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of a further step in the manufacturing process;

[0077] Fig. 4 shows a schematic representation of a further step in the manufacturing process;

[0078] Fig. 5 shows a schematic sectional view through a single conductor element with a circumferentially varying thickness of the initial insulation layer; and

[0079] Fig. 6 shows a representation similar to that of Fig. 5, but in the form of a cross-section through a double-conductor stack with minimized layer thicknesses between the parallel single conductors.

[0080] The conductor device according to Figure 1 comprises two flat conductor elements 11, 12 which are stacked on top of each other.

[0081] The flat conductor elements 11 and 12 are identified by different hatching patterns. It is evident that the flat conductor elements 11 and 12 exchange positions relative to their position in the stack along their conductor length. In straight sections 14, the flat conductor elements run straight. In a twisted section 13 (shown schematically; in reality, the respective flat conductor elements continue in this twisted section), the flat conductor elements exchange their positions.

[0082] In the example shown, the flat conductor element 11 is located at the top of a left-hand section according to Figure 1 and changes its position downwards in the twisting section. The opposite is true for the flat conductor element 12, which changes its position from bottom to top via the twisting section as shown in Figure 1. Meissner Bolte 13 M / ADID-039-PC

[0083] As a result of joining the flat conductor elements 11, 12, preferably with a mechanical device, a flat conductor device with two flat conductor elements 11, 12 is obtained, starting from a view of Figure 1 from right to left, which are stacked flat, close and densely, so that a compact arrangement is created.

[0084] The flat conductor elements 11, 12 can consist of solid copper or copper alloy material, which is advantageous for more efficient and cost-effective manufacturing. Using material forming processes known per se, preferably employed, solid strip materials with a preferably rectangular cross-section can be deformed such that the twisted sections are formed and the joining of the flat conductor elements 11, 12 to obtain the flat conductor device can be carried out easily and automatically.

[0085] A key advantage of the presented flat conductor device, due to its non-linear conductor structure with layer changes, is the reduction of the surface area exposed to a slot cross-field when the device is used in electrical machines. Furthermore, current displacement is minimized. By simply adjusting the conductor geometry, the device can accommodate different frequency spectra during the operation of electrical machines. Any potentially increased current density in the layer change region can be reduced through geometric adjustment and optimization.

[0086] Figures 2 to 4 illustrate individual manufacturing steps using highly schematic intermediate stages. As shown in Figure 2, two flat conductor elements, already insulated 15, are first provided. These flat conductor elements 11 and 12 are then stacked on top of each other (see Figure 3). In a subsequent step, the flat conductor elements 11 and 12 are rotated 180° relative to each other in the twisting section 13, so that they exchange their positions in the stack (see Figure 4). As can be seen in Figure 4, this results in a bulge 16 in the thickness direction. This bulge can be leveled by a further processing step, e.g., using at least one press and / or roller, so that a smooth surface is achieved in the final view (see Figure 1).

[0087] Figure 5 shows a schematic cross-sectional view through a single conductor element 11 with circumferential insulation 15. Meissner Bolte 14 M / ADID-039-PC

[0088] As can be seen in Figure 5, the insulation in a lower area is thinner, i.e., it has a reduced layer thickness. The remaining side surfaces of the exemplary rectangular conductor element have a greater layer thickness.

[0089] Figure 6 now shows the cross-sectional view through a layer arrangement comprising two stacked conductor elements 11; 12 with respective insulation 15.

[0090] Here, the copper fill factor of a copper conductor element 11; 12 can be optimized by reducing the thickness of the insulation layer 15 in the area of ​​the facing sides of the conductor elements 11; 12. Thus, minimal layer thicknesses exist between the parallel conductor elements 11; 12.

[0091] The layer thickness of the initial insulation 15 with respect to a not shown slot of a stator is increased, so that the desired electrical properties, in particular the required dielectric strength, are ensured under all circumstances.

[0092] It should be noted here that all parts described above, considered individually and in any combination, especially the details shown in the drawings, are claimed as essential to the invention. Modifications to this are familiar to those skilled in the art.

[0093] List of reference signs

[0094] 11, 12 conductor elements

[0095] 13 Twist section

[0096] 14 straight section

[0097] 15 Insulation

[0098] 16 bulge

Claims

Additives | Drives GmbH M / ADID-039-PC Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Conductor device designed for use in alternating current powered electrical machines Claims 1. Conductor device designed for use in alternating current supplied electrical machines, in particular motors and / or generators, comprising at least two elongated, in particular rigid, conductor elements (11, 12) with contact devices for coupling in and out of electric current, wherein the conductor elements provide a current path and the conductor elements (11, 12) form a layered arrangement with electrical insulation in between, wherein the conductor elements (11, 12) of the layered arrangement are stacked on top of each other and exchange their positions in relation to their position in the stack at least once along their conductor length. characterized by the fact that that each conductor element (11, 12) of the layer arrangement has an initial insulation (15) whose nominal layer thickness varies over the length and / or circumference of the respective conductor element (11, 12).

2. Ladder device according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the conductor elements (11, 12) are designed as flat conductors and the initial insulation (15) has different nominal layer thicknesses with respect to the circumference of the respective flat conductor (11, 12).

3. Ladder device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that the stacked conductor elements (11, 12) have a reduced layer thickness on their sides or side surfaces facing each other in the stack, relative to the remaining layer thickness of the initial insulation (15).

4. Ladder device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Meissner Bolte 2 M / ADID-039-PC located on the outside of the respective stack of the respective layer arrangement Sides or side surfaces have an increased layer thickness with increased electrical conductivity.

5. Ladder device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the initial insulation has an elasticity adapted to the antiductility of the material of the conductor elements (11, 12), so that damage to the initial insulation can be avoided during a layer exchange.

6. Ladder device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The respective layer arrangement is encased by a final insulation layer in liquid, hardening or thin-film form.

7. Ladder device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the respective initial insulation (15) can be produced by one or more extrusion steps, the insulation properties being determined by the material or composition of the extrudate.

8. Ladder device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by the fact that the respective conductor element (11, 12) and the respective output insulation (15) are formed by means of a co-extrusion process.

9. Ladder device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that this is part of a rectangular coil or a hairpin.

10. Stator and / or electrical machine comprising at least one coil, in particular a rectangular coil, with at least one conductor device according to one of the preceding claims.

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