Apparatus and method for automatically supplying fish to a fish processing device

Abstract

The invention relates to an apparatus (10) for automatically supplying fish (11), the apparatus comprising: a supply device (14) having a central conveyor belt (15); a discharge device (18) having at least one discharge conveyor belt (20), which forms a conveying path (19), and at least one discharge recess (21), wherein the at least one discharge recess (21) is provided for selectively discharging fish (11) from the at least one discharge conveyor belt (20) through the discharge recess (21); a transfer unit (22), arranged downstream of the discharge device (18), for receiving the conveyed fish (11), wherein the discharge device (18) comprises at least one discharge element (24), which projects into the conveying path (19) of the at least one discharge conveyor belt (20), wherein the at least one discharge element (24) comprises at least one positioning element (25), which can be open-loop and / or closed-loop controlled, in order for the at least one discharge element (24) to be able to change its position in such a way that a through-gap (26), which has a changeable width, in the conveying path (19) for conveying fish (11) arranged on the discharge conveyor belt (20) can be formed at a maximum width of the through-gap (26). The invention also relates to a corresponding method for supplying fish (11).

Description

[0001] Nordic Machine Construction Rud. Baader GmbH + Co. KG, Geniner Straße 249, 23560 Lübeck, Germany

[0002] Device and method for automatically feeding fish to a fish processing plant

[0003] Description

[0004] The invention relates to a device designed and configured for the automatic feeding of fish to a fish processing plant, comprising a feeding device with a central conveyor belt, wherein the feeding device is designed and configured for conveying the fish essentially longitudinally on the central conveyor belt in a conveying direction essentially tail-first or head-first, a discharge device with at least one discharge conveyor belt forming a conveying path, wherein the at least one discharge conveyor belt is arranged downstream of the feeding device in the conveying direction and is configured for feeding the fish from the central conveyor belt, and at least one discharge recess, wherein the at least one discharge recess is provided for the selective discharge of fish from the at least one discharge conveyor belt through the discharge recess.a receiving unit downstream of the discharge facility, wherein the receiving unit is designed and equipped to receive the fish conveyed by means of the discharge facility,

[0005] The invention further relates to a method for automatically feeding fish to a fish processing plant, comprising the steps of providing fish by means of a feeding device with a central conveyor belt, wherein the feeding device is provided for conveying the fish essentially longitudinally on the central conveyor belt in a conveying direction essentially tail-first or head-first; feeding the fish from the feeding device to a discharge device with at least one discharge conveyor belt forming a conveying path, wherein the at least one discharge conveyor belt is arranged downstream of the feeding device in the conveying direction and is configured to take the fish from the central conveyor belt; and selectively diverting fish from the at least one discharge conveyor belt through at least one discharge opening of the discharge device.Transfer or handover of the fish conveyed by the at least one discharge conveyor belt through the discharge device by means of a transfer unit.

[0006] Devices and methods for feeding fish are generally known in the art. Such devices are typically integrated into combined machines or systems that include other conveying or processing units. The known devices / methods usually employ extensive and complex conveying systems to transport the fish from one point to another. However, the functionality of such conveying and feeding systems is limited, particularly when it comes to adapting to varying fish sizes. Furthermore, it should be noted that with such feeding systems, the fish are often in a disordered and chaotic state at the beginning of the process. This uncontrolled feeding results in the fish arriving not only in different sizes but also in irregular arrangements.

[0007] In the context of the intended operation of such fish processing plants, trough conveyors are regularly installed before the fish are fed to the processing stations. These conveyors typically have a number or multiple bowl- or trough-shaped troughs arranged on a continuously circulating belt. The troughs are designed to hold the fish in a longitudinal orientation and transport them accordingly, thus ensuring an orderly arrangement during the conveying process. For the most efficient handling of the fish, they are conveyed and processed at the highest possible speeds in these known fish processing plants, making a reliable and functional interlocking of the various process steps and plant components essential.

[0008] Due to the high conveying speed and large volume, unforeseen disruptions and failures in the conveying process occur repeatedly, especially when the fish arrive in varying sizes, in a disorderly arrangement, or partially frozen. In such cases, the orientation of the fish may change during feeding, or several fish may be transported simultaneously in one trough, leading to insufficient separation and consequently inefficient or unsuccessful downstream singulation. This chaotic arrangement can not only complicate handling of the fish but also increase the risk of injury and damage during subsequent fish processing.

[0009] To ensure efficient processing, the fish must first be separated as reliably and completely as possible and arranged in a controlled manner. This additional step typically involves manual handling and therefore requires considerable time and resources. Furthermore, improper or inaccurate handling can impair the efficiency of the entire processing operation. The initial situation regarding the fish supply necessitates separation, which is particularly problematic in a dynamic production environment where fish sizes can vary significantly. This variability can be attributed to seasonal fluctuations, different fishing methods, or changes in aquaculture practices.Existing systems are therefore often unable to adapt quickly and efficiently to these changes, which can impair productivity and processing quality and requires significant manual effort. If different fish sizes are to be processed reliably and with minimal disruption, either sequentially or within a single batch, manual adjustments to the existing components are often necessary to adapt them to the changing conditions. Incorrect or improper manual adjustment of the conveyor belts and related components poses potential hazards to operating personnel and, furthermore, to the fish processing production process itself.

[0010] A significant disadvantage of existing conveyor belt systems is the need for manual adjustments when the average fish size varies between batches. This manual adjustment not only requires additional labor but can also lead to delays in the production process. Furthermore, there is a risk that the adjustments will not be optimal, resulting in inefficient conveying and potential damage to the fish. Another drawback of current technology for feeding fish to fish processing plants is the substantial lack of flexibility and cost-effectiveness in both the feeding and subsequent singulation of the fish. Although various singulation methods are known, they often present problems that can negatively impact downstream processing.These challenges, which include both the chaotic arrangement of the fish and the adaptation to different fish sizes, impair the efficiency of fish processing and can also affect the quality of the resulting end products through improper processing.

[0011] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a device for the automatic feeding of fish that, on the one hand, offers reliable and safe singulation of the fish and, on the other hand, is convenient and flexible to use. Furthermore, the object is to provide a corresponding method for the automatic feeding of fish.

[0012] This problem is solved by the aforementioned device in that the discharge device comprises at least one discharge element projecting into the conveying path of the at least one discharge conveyor belt, wherein the at least one discharge element comprises at least one controllable and / or adjustable positioning element in order to design and configure the position of the at least one discharge element relative to the conveying path of the discharge conveyor belt in such a way that a passage gap of variable width in the conveying path can be created for conveying fish arranged on the discharge conveyor belt with a maximum passage gap width. The device according to the invention ensures more precise singulation or discharge of the fish during the feeding process by allowing the passage gap of the conveying path to be flexibly adapted to different fish sizes.Fish are typically fed into such devices in batches, and depending on the species, origin, feeding, etc., significant variations occur within a batch, particularly regarding anatomy, weight, or size. Therefore, an adjustable feed gap is advantageous, as existing standardized solutions often lead to inefficient results or require manual adjustments to optimally feed fish with different shapes, weights, or dimensions. A key advantage of this device is the improved singulation or targeted discharge, which is preferably adaptable to average anatomy, batch size, and / or fish size.The ability to variably design the passage gap allows for the selection of fish for subsequent processes or treatments according to defined or dynamic parameters, and the subsequent selective conveying via the discharge device. Furthermore, if fish are already overlapping or several fish are fed together or connected to the conveying path of the discharge device, the device according to the invention provides a means of selective discharge, provided they exceed the dimensions of the defined passage gap, which can be adjusted and / or adapted accordingly. This is particularly relevant in situations where the fish are stuck together, for example, due to prior – even unintentional – freezing processes, which sometimes occurs during cooling. In such cases, singulation of the fish is desirable, and this may require...The device according to the invention allows for the selective removal of fish when singulation by upstream processes is not possible. A further advantage of the device according to the invention is the increase in production capacity. The efficient singulation or removal of fish and the variable adjustment of the through-gap criteria allow for optimization of the system's overall production output. This is particularly important in fish processing, where time and efficiency are crucial to meeting market demands. Higher throughput and selective removal mean less time is required for manual sorting or system readjustment, thus increasing the cost-efficiency of the devices and fish processing plants.The device according to the invention significantly reduces the effort required for manual intervention to ensure the correct singulation, positioning, and discharge of the fish. Through the automation and precise control of the discharge mechanism, the need for manual intervention is reduced, which not only increases efficiency but also lowers the risk of errors and injuries. The device according to the invention thus contributes to increased efficiency and cost reduction while simultaneously improving quality and safety throughout the entire fish processing production process.

[0013] The fish conveyed by the device are, in particular, beheaded, (partially) gutted, or whole fish, as defined by the invention. These can be in various states, such as partially filleted, whole with or without scales, etc. The crucial point is that these fish can be conveyed by the device to enable conveying through the discharge mechanism according to the invention.

[0014] A "central conveyor belt" within the meaning of the invention is understood to be any conveying device designed, in particular, for the substantially longitudinal conveying of fish in one conveying direction, wherein the fish are conveyed either substantially tail-first or head-first, but not necessarily with the entire head. Such a conveying device or central conveyor belt need not necessarily be a conventional conveyor belt; rather, other types of conveying devices suitable for conveying the fish according to the device of the invention are also possible. These can include, for example, chutes, tray conveyors, chain conveyors, or vibrating conveyors.In a preferred embodiment, the entire device comprises only one conveyor belt, in particular the central conveyor belt, wherein the further conveying devices are integrated into the central conveyor belt or at least form segments of the central conveyor belt. In this way, the individual conveying processes are directly linked organizationally and structurally. More preferably, the central conveyor belt consists of several conveyor belts or conveyor belt segments, which are in particular arranged side by side.

[0015] In the context of the invention, the term "receiving unit" refers in particular to a general conveyor belt, which in a preferred embodiment is designed and configured as a further central conveyor belt or as part of the central conveyor belt. The receiving unit is designed to receive and convey the fish conveyed by the discharge device. The receiving unit does not necessarily constitute an active receiving or transfer of the fish; rather, the receiving unit ensures that the fish conveyed by the discharge device are subsequently conveyed seamlessly. Passive receiving enables continuous and efficient processing without the need for additional manual intervention or complex machine components.

[0016] The term "discharge conveyor" as used in the invention refers to all conveying devices designed and configured for conveying fish. The discharge conveyor is located downstream of the feed device in the conveying direction and conveys the fish coming from the feed device, as well as the fish passing through the discharge device, until they are taken over by the receiving unit or discharged into the discharge opening. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the discharge conveyor is designed and configured as part of the central conveyor.

[0017] The at least one discharge element is preferably a plate element that is at least partially planar, and in further preferred embodiments is designed and configured to pivot. The at least one discharge element is, in principle, adjustable in any configuration and with any adjustment options by means of the at least one positioning element in the conveying path, whereby at least one corresponding change in the through-gap is designed and configured.

[0018] A "positioning element" within the meaning of the invention is understood to be any controllable and / or adjustable component designed and configured to change the position of the discharge element relative to the conveying path of the discharge conveyor belt. These elements enable precise adjustment of the passage gap, for example, to optimally convey and separate fish according to their size. Depending on the design of the corresponding device, the positioning element can incorporate various technologies, such as motorized actuators, in particular servo motors, pneumatic systems, or mechanical devices that allow for flexible and dynamic adjustment of the discharge element's position. The implementation of such a positioning element ensures, in particular, that the device is suitable for adapting to different fish sizes and shapes.The at least one discharge element is preferably passively designed and configured, meaning that fish or parts of fish are displaced upon contact with the respective discharge element and when the dimensions of the through-slot in the conveying path are exceeded, and conveyed out of the conveying path through the discharge recess. The positioning element is preferably designed and configured for the rotary movement of the at least one discharge element; in an alternative or supplementary embodiment, the positioning element is designed and configured for the linear adjustment of the at least one discharge element, in particular for at least a partial displacement movement of the at least one discharge element.In an advantageous embodiment, at least one sorting device is provided for the sorting of fish, at least within specific areas, by allowing the passage gap to be adjusted to a predetermined size. This enables, for example, the division of the fish flow into correspondingly larger or smaller fish sizes. Furthermore, several such devices can be arranged in series or one behind the other to enable the sorting of different fish flows.

[0019] A preferred embodiment is characterized in that the at least one discharge element is designed and configured for automatic and / or selective adjustment of the through-gap, with the positioning element realizing the change in position of the at least one discharge element. This design enables, in particular, precise adjustment of the through-gap to the respective fish sizes, anatomy, or weight, thereby ensuring efficient singulation or discharge of fish that do not meet these criteria. The automatic adjustment reduces the need for manual intervention to change the through-gap, which not only speeds up the process but also increases the consistency and quality of the processing. Furthermore, the selective control of the through-gap reduces the risk of incorrect discharges or fish with incorrect sizes, anatomies, or weights during the processing.

[0020] In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the device further comprises at least one detection unit, wherein the at least one detection unit is designed and configured for detecting and / or determining the size, width, and / or weight of the fish being conveyed. A significant advantage of this embodiment is that average values ​​of the fish being conveyed, particularly with regard to their size, anatomy, and weight, can be calculated in this way. These average values ​​make it possible to adjust the through-slot of the at least one discharge element accordingly by means of the positioning element, i.e., to enlarge or reduce it, in order to set a corresponding maximum value for the conveyance of the fish.The parameters to be recorded for the fish are basically flexible and depend in particular on the fish to be promoted, the condition of the fish, the fish species or the availability of at least one recording unit.

[0021] Preferably, the width of the fish can be detected, in particular the widest extent of the fish during transport, which is usually a side-lying position. The widest extent is generally in the head region, so that the transverse axial dimension of the head region is particularly preferably detected and / or determined by means of the at least one detection unit.

[0022] In principle, any device capable of detecting fish or parts thereof can be considered a "detection unit." This could include, for example, cameras, sensors, X-ray machines, photoelectric devices, etc. Preferably, the detection unit is a mechanical, electrical, and / or electronic device designed and configured to detect fish anatomy and / or determine relevant parameters for changing the width of the passage gap. The detection unit is specifically designed to detect and / or determine fish size-related data and preferably records the fish anatomy in the form of one or more data sets for storage and subsequent use. The fish anatomy data can include not only the fish's body size (length, height, width, abdominal cavity position, etc.) but also other relevant information.This includes not only the anatomy but also, in particular, the proportions, shapes, coloration, and firmness of the fish being processed. In its simplest form, however, at least the transverse axial dimensions of the fish are recorded. The fish anatomy data is preferably stored in a database. The parameters of fish anatomy to be recorded by the acquisition unit should include, in particular, parameters for the demand-based control of the corresponding discharge element or positioning element, and may explicitly include further parameters that can be used in subsequent processing steps. The goal is to record the fish anatomy as accurately as possible in order to allow for the adjustable opening width depending on the number of fish already processed.Depending on the fish parameters to be recorded, the respective recording unit comprises suitable recording systems, such as sensor systems, rotary encoders, optical recording modules, weighing devices, X-ray equipment, acoustic sensors, etc. The recording unit thus includes mechanical, electronic, and optical components or combinations thereof, suitable for recording and / or determining fish size-related data. In particular, the recording unit includes elements by which the height, length, width, and / or abdominal cavity position of the fish can be determined. The recording unit is preferably located in a fixed position within the receiving area, especially the conveyor belt of the receiving fish. Preferably, several recording units are provided at different positions to enable multi-stage fish recording.In another preferred embodiment, the detection unit further comprises at least one computing unit for processing or evaluating the data of the detected fish. In further advantageous embodiments, the computing unit is a separate component for performing the corresponding calculations.

[0023] A preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the at least one detection unit is arranged in the conveying direction upstream of and / or downstream of the discharge device, wherein the at least one detection unit is specifically designed and configured for detecting and / or determining the fish conveyed from the discharge device to the receiving unit. By arranging the at least one detection unit upstream of and / or downstream of the discharge device in the conveying direction, continuous detection and / or determination of the conveyed fish is enabled, thus ensuring precise detection of quality characteristics such as size, weight, or anatomical features.The ability to position the detection unit both upstream and downstream of the discharge device offers a high degree of flexibility in plant design and allows for adaptation to different production requirements and conditions. Preferably, the at least one detection unit is already included in existing fish processing plants or at least provided for, and the corresponding data is either already known or is generated anyway. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the device may also include multiple detection units.

[0024] An advantageous further development is characterized by the fact that the at least one discharge element is designed and configured to be controllable and / or adjustable depending on the number of fish detected by the at least one detection unit, and in particular depending on a predetermined number of detected and / or determined values ​​of the conveyed fish. This ensures precise adaptation of the at least one discharge element to the specific characteristics of the conveyed fish. When feeding fish, they may be lying on top of or next to each other and may even be connected, especially if frozen, so that singulation or selective discharge is necessary. The integration of the at least one detection unit offers the possibility of detecting or determining relevant parameters of the conveyed fish, such as size, shape, and arrangement.The resulting data, particularly in conjunction with a control and / or computing unit or computer system, can be used to adjust the opening of the at least one discharge element in such a way that the fish are separated or discharged as needed. This not only increases the efficiency of the discharge process but also minimizes the risk of damaging the fish or disrupting subsequent operational processes.

[0025] A preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that, depending on the predetermined number of detected and / or determined values ​​of the conveyed fish, the at least one discharge element is designed and configured to be positionally adjustable in order to increase or decrease the passage gap on the conveying path of the discharge device, depending on a definable and / or calculable setting value of the detected and / or determined values ​​of the fish, in particular automatically and / or autonomously. The positionally adjustable design of the at least one discharge element enables precise adjustment of the passage gap in the conveying path of the discharge conveyor belt.This flexibility allows the passage gap to be enlarged or reduced depending on the number of fish being conveyed, in order to respond to the varying fish within a conveying range, i.e., a batch. This enables, for example, the targeted and selective removal of frozen or closely packed specimens that extend beyond the dimensions of the set passage gap from the conveying path. The preferred automatic or automated control of the at least one discharge element provides an integrated solution for the entire fish processing plant. Furthermore, the possibility of automatic or automated adjustment reduces manual effort, leading to a significant increase in productivity. The device thus contributes to increased efficiency in the processing by ensuring precise and demand-based singulation.Targeted removal of fish is ensured.

[0026] According to a further preferred embodiment, the invention is characterized in that the passage gap is designed and configured to be less than twice the width of the fish, particularly depending on the detected and / or determined values ​​of the predetermined number of fish. This specific dimensioning enables selective singulation of the fish, even if they are conveyed in different formations. By adjusting the passage gap depending on the detected and / or determined values ​​of the predetermined number of fish, it is possible, for example, to ensure that only fish of a predetermined size, e.g., less than twice the width of the passage gap or individually conveyed fish, can pass through the discharge device.This ensures, in particular, that when fish are conveyed side by side, one of the two fish is removed, thereby supporting the singulation provided for in the invention.

[0027] A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the at least one discharge element is designed and arranged to be pivotable by means of the positioning element about a pivot axis which runs essentially in the vertical direction, such that the at least one discharge element can be moved into the conveying path or moved out of the conveying path.

[0028] This flexible arrangement of the at least one discharge element by means of the positioning element makes it possible to move the at least one discharge element precisely and conveniently into or out of the conveying path. This allows the device to be optimally adapted to different fish configurations by changing the position of the at least one discharge element as needed to ensure effective discharge or singulation of the fish and to align the discharge or singulation with the actual fish sizes present.

[0029] A preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the at least one discharge element forms and arranges a free end projecting into the conveying path, wherein the free end and a longitudinal side of the at least one discharge recess extending along the conveying direction define the passage gap. This free end, together with a longitudinal side of the at least one discharge recess extending in the conveying direction, defines the passage gap. This specific configuration enables precise control of the size of the passage gap, thereby ensuring that only fish conforming to the specified dimensions pass through the discharge device. This supports the effective singulation of the fish and contributes to the optimization of the discharge process by forming and establishing a clear demarcation between the conveyed and discharged fish.

[0030] A preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the discharge device comprises two essentially parallel discharge conveyor belts, each forming a conveying path, with each belt having a discharge element projecting into the conveying path of the respective discharge conveyor belt. Between the two discharge conveyor belts, at least partially, the at least one discharge recess for discharging the fish is formed and configured. The arrangement of two essentially parallel discharge conveyor belts, each with a discharge element projecting into the conveying path, offers the advantage of efficient and targeted singulation of the fish. This configuration ensures the discharge of unwanted fish that are larger than the set opening.The essentially parallel arrangement allows for the simultaneous handling of multiple fish flows, thus optimizing the discharge process. Positioning the at least one discharge opening between the two conveyor belts enables an efficient and space-saving arrangement, which in turn allows for the effective and controlled discharge of fish from the conveying process. Preferably, when there is more than one discharge conveyor belt, all openings are set to the same dimensions. In specific applications or configurations, it may be advantageous to provide different openings, particularly when different fish sizes are being conveyed on the conveyor belts.

[0031] In further preferred embodiments, the device can be scaled for higher throughputs by providing several substantially parallel discharge conveyor belts and additional discharge recesses arranged between each pair of discharge conveyor belts. This enables even more efficient processing and singulation or discharge of the fish while simultaneously increasing throughput.

[0032] An advantageous further development is characterized by the fact that, viewed in the conveying direction, at least one wedge element for separating the conveyed fish between the two discharge conveyors is arranged upstream of the at least one discharge opening at the entrance of the discharge device, and / or that a receiving element, projecting at least partially into the discharge opening, is arranged in the end section of the discharge opening viewed in the conveying direction, wherein the receiving element is designed and configured for the section-by-section collection of fish that are partially suspended in the discharge opening. The arrangement of a wedge element upstream of the at least one discharge opening, viewed in the conveying direction, ensures that the fish are selectively separated before entering the discharge device, particularly before reaching the discharge conveyors.This measure prevents fish from being accidentally discharged into the discharge opening and facilitates the controlled separation into two corresponding streams for the respective discharge conveyor belts. The receiving element located at the end of the discharge opening also offers the advantage of providing a conveying component that projects at least partially into the discharge opening. This receiving element is designed to partially capture fish that are hanging in the discharge opening, thereby preventing fish conveyed through the through-slot from being discharged into the discharge opening, even if they generally meet the required dimensions. Partial protrusion into the discharge opening can occur, for example, through contact between the fish and the receiving element while passing through the through-slot, if the fish are, for instance,are not fully aligned longitudinally on the conveyor belt. This combination of wedge element and receiving element ensures controlled feeding of the fish and enables reliable singulation and rejection of unwanted fish larger than the set passage gap.

[0033] Furthermore, the aforementioned method solves the problem by selectively diverting fish using at least one diverting device. This diverting device comprises at least one diverting element projecting into the conveying path of the at least one diverting conveyor belt. The position of this diverting element relative to the conveying path of the diverting conveyor belt is changed by means of a controllable and / or adjustable positioning element such that a flow gap of variable width is formed in the conveying path. The conveying of the fish on the diverting conveyor belt is limited by a maximum width of this flow gap. The flexible adjustment of the flow gap to different fish sizes enables more precise singulation.The process is particularly important because the fish are fed in batches with highly variable anatomy, weight, and size. The fish within each batch follow a normal distribution. The adaptability of the process reduces the need for manual intervention, which is often required to handle fish of different shapes and sizes. Especially in situations where fish stick together, for example, due to accidental freezing, the process ensures targeted rejection when the fish exceed the dimensions of the through-gap. Furthermore, the ability to adjust the through-gap increases production capacity, as more fish can be efficiently separated, maximizing overall throughput.This leads to a higher throughput rate and reduces the time required for manual sorting and system readjustment, thus increasing cost efficiency. Overall, the process contributes to the automation and precise control of the rejecting device and downstream processing stations, which not only increases efficiency but also reduces the risk of errors and damage, thereby improving quality and safety throughout the entire fish processing production process.

[0034] To avoid repetition, reference is made to the advantages already described in detail in connection with the device according to the invention. These also apply analogously to the described method according to the invention.

[0035] According to a further preferred embodiment, the at least one ejection element is automatically and / or selectively changed in its position by means of the positioning element.

[0036] Another advantageous embodiment is characterized by the detection and / or determination of fish caught, in particular their size, width and / or weight, by means of at least one detection unit.

[0037] A preferred further processing method is characterized by the fact that the fish are recorded and / or identified by means of at least one recording unit in the direction of conveyance upstream and / or downstream of the discharge device, in particular that the fish conveyed from the discharge device to the receiving unit are recorded and / or identified by means of at least one recording unit downstream of the discharge device.

[0038] A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the at least one discharge element is regulated and / or controlled depending on the number of fish detected by means of the at least one detection unit, in particular depending on a predetermined number of detected and / or determined values ​​of fish conveyed.

[0039] An advantageous further development of the invention is characterized in that, depending on the predetermined number of detected and / or determined values ​​of the conveyed fish, the at least one discharge element can be repositioned in order to increase or decrease the passage gap on the conveying path of the discharge device, depending on a definable and / or calculable setting value of the detected and / or determined values ​​of the fish, in particular automatically and / or autonomously.

[0040] Another advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the passage gap is set to be less than twice the width of the fish, depending in particular on the detected and / or determined values ​​of the specified number of fish.

[0041] An advantageous further development is characterized in that the at least one discharge element is pivoted by means of the positioning element about a substantially vertical pivot axis in such a way that the at least one discharge element is moved into or out of the conveying path to change the through-gap.

[0042] Further expedient and / or advantageous features and developments, as well as preferred apparatus components, will become apparent from the dependent claims and the description. Particularly preferred embodiments of the device for the automatic feeding of fish are explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of the device according to the invention as a section of a fish processing plant in top view.

[0043] Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of a partial area of ​​a further embodiment of the device according to the invention in perspective view,

[0044] Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of a partial area of ​​a further embodiment of the device according to the invention in a top view.

[0045] Fig. 4 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of the device according to the invention as a section of a fish processing plant in perspective view.

[0046] and

[0047] Fig. 5 shows a further schematic representation of an embodiment of the device according to the invention as a section of a fish processing plant in perspective view.

[0048] The device and method according to the invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the aforementioned figures.

[0049] The device 10 shown in the drawings is for the automatic feeding of fish 11 to a fish processing plant (not shown in detail in the figures). Such fish processing plants generally comprise various stations for processing the fish, in particular for gutting, skinning, filleting, batching, etc., so that these stations generally have further devices and components, such as cutting devices with blade elements, weighing devices with weighing elements, guiding devices, and control systems, in particular computer systems. In the present embodiments, the fish 11, which are shown in simplified form in the figures, are whole fish 11 with a head and a tail. The fish 11 intended for feeding can also be, for example, in the form of a decapitated, gutted, or opened carcass 11.Furthermore, the specific species is not relevant to the invention and it is feasible to feed and convey different types of fish 11 with the device 10 according to the invention, whereby adjustments to dimensions, distances, speeds etc. may need to be made to suit the respective fish species present.

[0050] Figures 1, 4, and 5 each schematically show an embodiment of the device 10 according to the invention for the automatic feeding of fish 11. The devices 10 are part of a fish processing plant 12, wherein the illustrated area of ​​the fish processing plant 12 is specifically designed and equipped for conveying fish 11 and comprises at least one conveying device 13 for conveying the fish within the fish processing plant 12. The device 10 according to the invention comprises a feeding device 14 with a central conveyor belt 15, wherein the feeding device 14 is designed and equipped for conveying the fish 11 essentially longitudinally on the central conveyor belt 15 in a conveying direction 16 essentially tail-first or head-first.The feeding device 14 can be configured according to the intended fish processing plant 12 and preferably includes further feeding elements. The fish processing plant 12 shown in Figures 1, 4, and 5 comprises a trough conveyor 17, which transfers or receives the fish 11 to the central conveyor belt 15 in a substantially longitudinal axial orientation. During the transfer or receipt of the fish 11, it can happen that they are close together, overlap, for example, as shown in Figure 1, or that their orientation does not substantially correspond to a longitudinal axial orientation. With the device 10 according to the invention, such fish 11 can be removed or aligned in a substantially longitudinal axial orientation.For this purpose, the device 11 further comprises a discharge device 18 with at least one discharge conveyor belt 20 forming a conveying path 19, wherein the at least one discharge conveyor belt 20 is designed downstream in the conveying direction 16 of the feeding device 14 and is set up to feed the fish 11 from the central conveyor belt 15.

[0051] The discharge device 18 comprises at least one discharge recess 21, wherein the at least one discharge recess 21 is provided for the selective discharge of fish 11 from the at least one discharge conveyor belt 20 through the discharge recess 21. In Figures 2 and 3, a discharge device 18 and a part of the device 10, respectively, are shown, each having two discharge conveyor belts 20 and a discharge recess 21 arranged between the two discharge conveyor belts 20. The device 10 according to the invention further comprises a receiving unit 22 downstream of the discharge device 18, wherein the receiving unit 22 is designed and configured to receive the fish 11 conveyed by means of the discharge device 18. The receiving unit 22 of Figures 1, 4, and 3 is shown in Figures 1 and 3.The device 10 shown in Figure 5 is exemplary in its configuration as a further central conveyor belt 23, whereby the fish 11 can subsequently be conveyed further centrally. In preferred embodiments, all conveyor belts of the device 10 according to the invention can also be essentially interconnected, linked to one another, or interacting together. In further preferred embodiments, the receiving unit 22 can comprise further components to effect a corresponding transfer from the discharge device 18, wherein the receiving unit 22 is configured at least such that it forms and arranges at least one transfer from the discharge device 18 to a further downstream conveying device.

[0052] According to the invention, this device 10 is characterized in that the discharge device 18 comprises at least one discharge element 24 projecting into the conveying path 19 of the at least one discharge conveyor belt 20, wherein the at least one discharge element 24 comprises at least one controllable and / or adjustable positioning element 25 in order to design and configure the position of the at least one discharge element 24 relative to the conveying path 19 of the discharge conveyor belt 20 in such a way that a passage gap 26 of the conveying path 19, which can be varied in width, can be created for conveying fish 11 arranged on the discharge conveyor belt 20 with a maximum width of the passage gap 26. In the figures, two discharge elements 24 are provided for each of the discharge conveyor belts 20 in order to design and configure a corresponding adjustability of the passage gap 26.The ejection elements 24 can be changeable by means of a single positioning element 25, as shown by way of example in Fig. 2, or comprise two separate positioning elements 25, as illustrated in Fig. 3. Preferably, the at least one ejection element 24 is designed and configured for automatic and / or selective change of the passage gap 26, wherein the at least one positioning element 25 realizes the change in position of the at least one ejection element 24. The positioning element 25 preferably comprises at least one drive element 35, such as motorized actuators, in particular servo motors, pneumatic systems, or mechanical devices, which enables flexible and dynamic adjustment of the position of the ejection element. In Fig.Figure 3 schematically shows a drive element 35 for each of the positioning elements 25, which is designed and configured to change the positioning element 25 and thereby also the respective ejection element 24. In further preferred embodiments, only one drive element 35 may be provided to interact with one or more of the positioning elements 25 and to design and configure a change in one or more of the ejection elements 24.

[0053] The features and further developments described below represent preferred embodiments, either individually or in combination. It is expressly pointed out that features summarized in the claims and / or the description and / or the figures, or described in a common embodiment, can also functionally and independently further develop the device 10 described above.

[0054] Preferably, the device 10 further comprises at least one detection unit 27 downstream of the discharge device 18, wherein the at least one detection unit 27 is designed and configured for detecting and / or determining the fish 11 conveyed from the discharge device 18 to the receiving unit 22, in particular their width and / or weight. In Figures 1 to 5, the at least one detection unit 27 is arranged on a conveyor belt downstream of the discharge device 18, in particular the further central conveyor belt 23. In the illustrated embodiments, the detection unit 27 is arranged above the conveyor belt in order to detect the fish 11 conveyed below it. The detection unit 27, shown schematically in Figures 1 to 5, is particularly preferably designed for non-contact detection of the fish anatomy of the fish 11 to be processed, in particular by means of at least one imaging method.The detection area preferably includes at least the conveyor belt in order to detect the fish 11 conveyed in the conveying direction 16. However, alternatively or additionally, further different detection units 27 for detecting the fish 11 are conceivable, which, for example, form and set up a mechanical detection mechanism. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the at least one discharge element 24 is designed and set up to be controllable and / or adjustable depending on the number of fish 11 detected by the at least one detection unit 27, in particular depending on a predetermined number of detected and / or determined values ​​of conveyed fish 11.

[0055] Preferably, to change the at least one discharge element 24, the at least one positioning element 25 is actuated accordingly, in particular automatically and / or autonomously, to form and set the corresponding change in the respective passage gap 26. Further preferably, depending on the predetermined number of detected and / or determined values ​​of the conveyed fish 11, the at least one discharge element 24 is designed and set to be positionally adjustable in order to enlarge or reduce the passage gap 26 on the conveying path 19 of the discharge device 18, depending on a definable and / or calculable setting value of the detected and / or determined values ​​of the fish 11, in particular automatically and / or autonomously.Preferably, the passage gap 26 is designed and configured to be less than twice the width of the fish, particularly depending on the detected and / or determined values ​​of the specified number of fish 11.

[0056] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the at least one detection unit 27 is designed and configured, for example, to detect or determine the widths of a predetermined number of fish 11 conveyed by the discharge device 18 and the receiving unit 22. The predetermined number is individually selectable or adjustable and is based, in particular, on a representative sample of the fish conveyed. Ten exemplary widths of the fish 11 detected or determined by a corresponding detection unit 27 are given below: 20 cm, 22 cm, 21 cm, 19 cm, 23 cm, 20 cm, 21 cm, 22 cm, 20 cm, and 21 cm. The average of these values ​​is 20.5 cm.Based on this average / mean value and / or the extreme values ​​(19 cm, 23 cm), the passage gap 26 can be adjusted to 30 cm using the positioning element 25 to ensure that fish 11 with a maximum width of 30 cm are conveyed, but not at least two fish 11 with twice the width of the average value or the extreme values ​​being conveyed side by side on the discharge conveyor belt 20. If at least two fish 11 are adjacent, at least one of these fish 11 can be discharged using the discharge element 24 by means of the propulsion of at least one discharge conveyor belt 20 and upon contact with the at least one discharge element 24.Should the weight of the fish 11 also be considered relevant, either additionally or alternatively, an analogous calculation could be performed to adjust the passage gap 26 accordingly, starting from a predetermined position. This data-based adjustment of the passage gap 26 is preferably automatically or automatably adjustable, and the rules based on it are particularly preferably specified depending on desired or relevant parameters.

[0057] According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the at least one discharge element 24 is designed and configured to be pivotable about a substantially vertical pivot axis 28 by means of the positioning element 25, such that the at least one discharge element 24 can be moved into or out of the conveying path 19. Preferably, the at least one discharge element 24 forms a free end 29 projecting into the conveying path 19, wherein the free end 29 and a longitudinal side 30 extending along the conveying direction of the at least one discharge recess 21 define the through-gap 26.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment, the discharge device 18 comprises two substantially parallel discharge conveyor belts 20, each forming a conveying path 19, with each belt having a discharge element 24 projecting into the conveying path 19 of the respective discharge conveyor belt 20. Between the two discharge conveyor belts 20, at least partially, the at least one discharge recess 21 for discharging the fish 11 is formed and configured. The discharge device 18 shown in Figures 1 to 5 has two discharge conveyor belts 20 with a discharge recess 21 located between them. In principle, the device according to the invention also functions with only one discharge conveyor belt 20, in which case the corresponding discharge recess 21 is formed and configured at least partially on at least one of the longitudinal sides of the discharge conveyor belt 20.

[0059] Preferably, as shown in Figures 1 to 5, in the device 10 according to the invention, viewed in the conveying direction 16, at least one wedge element 32 is arranged upstream of the at least one discharge recess 21 at the inlet 31 of the discharge device 18, between the two discharge conveyor belts 20. This wedge element 32 is preferably designed such that it enables the separation of the conveyed fish 11 between the two discharge conveyor belts 20. It can be made of a suitable material that exhibits both high strength and good abrasion resistance in order to meet the requirements of the conveying process and prevent fish from adhering to it.The shape and arrangement of the wedge element 32 are selected to ensure optimal guidance of the fish 11 and division into two fish streams, thereby preferably ensuring the most uniform distribution possible and smooth conveyance of the fish 11 to the discharge device 18. In a further preferred embodiment, a receiving element 33 is provided in the end section 34 of the discharge recess 21, viewed in the conveying direction 16. This receiving element 33 is designed and configured such that it projects at least partially into the discharge recess 21. It serves to receive fish 11 that are conveyed partially suspended in the discharge recess 21. The receiving element 33 can be designed to be flexibly adapted to the respective size and shape of the conveyed fish 11 in order to form a supporting receptacle.Preferably, the receiving element 33 is provided with a specific surface structure that prevents the fish 11 from slipping and simultaneously enables a load-bearing contact. More preferably, the receiving element 33 is driven or driveable. Particularly preferably, the receiving element 33 is synchronized with the conveying speed of the at least one discharge conveyor belt 20 and / or the conveyor belt of the receiving unit 22. This synchronization allows the receiving element 33 to reliably influence the position of the fish 11, thereby enabling a smooth transition to the subsequent process steps of the fish processing plant 12 and preventing unwanted falling of fish 11 into the discharge opening 21 that have already passed through the passage gap 26.

[0060] The invention further relates to a method for automatically feeding fish 11 to a fish processing plant (not shown in detail in the figures). In the inventive method for automatic feeding or conveying, the fish 11 are first provided by means of a feeding device 14, which is equipped with a central conveyor belt 15. The feeding device 14 is designed for conveying the fish 11 essentially longitudinally on the central conveyor belt 15 in a conveying direction 16, whereby the fish 11 are conveyed essentially tail-first or head-first. Subsequently, the fish 11 are fed from the feeding device 14 to a discharge device 18, which comprises at least one discharge conveyor belt 20.This at least one discharge conveyor belt 20 is designed and configured downstream of the feed device 14 in the conveying direction 16 to take over the fish 11 from the central conveyor belt 15. In the next step, the fish 11 are selectively discharged from the at least one discharge conveyor belt 20 through at least one discharge opening 21 of the discharge device 18. Finally, the fish 11 conveyed by the at least one discharge conveyor belt 20 through the discharge device 18 are taken over or transferred by means of a transfer unit 22.

[0061] According to the invention, this method is characterized in that fish 11 are selectively discharged by means of the at least one discharge device 18. The discharge device 18 comprises at least one discharge element 24 projecting into the conveying path 19 of the at least one discharge conveyor belt 20. This at least one discharge element 24 is changed in its position relative to the conveying path 19 of the discharge conveyor belt 20 by means of a controllable and / or adjustable positioning element 25 such that a passage gap 26, the width of which can be varied, is formed in the conveying path 19. The conveying of the fish 11 on the discharge conveyor belt 20 is limited by a maximum width of the passage gap 26.

[0062] Figures 1 and 5 show the process of automatically feeding / conveying the fish 11 using the device 10 shown therein. In the fish processing plant 12 shown, preferably several corresponding devices 10, feeding devices 14 or discharge devices 18 are shown side by side, wherein at least one device 10 is sufficient to carry out the method according to the invention.

[0063] Preferably, the position of the at least one discharge element 24 is automatically and / or selectively changed by means of the positioning element 25. In a preferred embodiment, the method according to the invention is carried out such that the fish 11 conveyed from the discharge device 18 to the receiving unit 22 are detected by means of at least one detection unit 27 downstream of the discharge device 18. The detection unit 27 is designed and configured in particular for detecting and / or determining the width and / or weight of the conveyed fish 11. This detection enables targeted detection and analysis of the conveyed fish 11, which contributes to the optimization of the entire processing process and allows for targeted adjustment of the conveying process.Preferably, the method according to the invention is carried out such that the at least one discharge element 24 is regulated and / or controlled depending on the number of fish 11 detected by the at least one detection unit 27. In particular, the regulation and control is carried out depending on a predetermined number of detected and / or determined values ​​of the conveyed fish 11. This adjustment enables targeted and efficient control of the discharge process by changing the passage gap 26 as needed, depending on detected or determined values ​​of the fish 11.

[0064] In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the discharge element 24 can be repositioned depending on the predetermined number of detected and / or determined values ​​of the conveyed fish 11. This makes it possible to increase or decrease the passage gap 26 on the conveying path 19 of the discharge device 18 depending on a definable and / or calculable setting value of the detected and / or determined values ​​of the fish 11, in particular automatically and / or autonomously. This functionality contributes to the efficiency and flexibility of the discharge process and enables optimal adaptation to the respective requirements of the fish processing and / or the corresponding fish 11 in the batches to be conveyed at the starting point.

[0065] Preferably, the passage gap 26 is set to be less than twice the width of the fish 11, depending in particular on the detected and / or determined values ​​of the specified number of fish 11. Further preferably, the at least one discharge element 24 is pivoted by means of the positioning element 25 about a substantially vertical pivot axis 28 such that the at least one discharge element is moved into or out of the conveying path 19 to change the passage gap.

[0066] The method is particularly preferably carried out with a device 10 according to one or more of claims 1 to 10.

Claims

- 26 - 1. Device (10), designed and equipped for automatically feeding fish (11) to a fish processing plant, comprising a feeding device (14) with a central conveyor belt (15), wherein the feeding device (14) is designed and configured for conveying the fish (11) essentially longitudinally axially on the central conveyor belt (15) in a conveying direction (16) essentially tail-first or head-first, a discharge device (18) with at least one discharge conveyor belt (20) forming a conveying path (19), wherein the at least one discharge conveyor belt (20) is arranged downstream in the conveying direction (16) of the feeding device (14) and is configured to feed the fish (11) from the central conveyor belt (15), and at least one discharge opening (21), wherein the at least one discharge opening (21) is provided for the selective discharge of fish (11) from the at least one discharge conveyor belt (20) through the discharge opening (21), a receiving unit (22) downstream of the discharge device (18), wherein the receiving unit (22) is designed and equipped to receive the fish (11) conveyed by means of the discharge device (18), characterized in that The discharge device (18) comprises at least one discharge element (24) projecting into the conveying path (19) of the at least one discharge conveyor belt (20), wherein the at least one discharge element (24) comprises at least one controllable and / or adjustable positioning element (25) in order to design and configure the at least one discharge element (24) in such a way as to be variable in its position relative to the conveying path (19) of the discharge conveyor belt (20) in such a way that a passage gap (26) of the conveying path (19) which can be varied in its width can be generated for conveying fish (11) arranged on the discharge conveyor belt (20) with a maximum width of the passage gap (26).

2. Device (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one ejection element (24) is designed and configured for automatic and / or selective change of the through-gap (26), wherein the positioning element (25) realizes the change in position of the at least one ejection element (24).

3. Device (10) according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising at least one detection unit (27), wherein the at least one detection unit (27) is designed and configured for detecting and / or determining fish (11) caught, in particular their size, width and / or weight.

4. Device (10) according to claim 3, characterized in that the at least one detection unit (27) is arranged in the conveying direction (16) upstream of the discharge device (18) and / or downstream of the discharge device (18), wherein the at least one detection unit (27) is designed and configured in particular for detecting and / or determining the fish (11) conveyed from the discharge device (18) to the receiving unit (22).

5. Device (10) according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the at least one discharge element (24) is designed and configured to be controllable and / or adjustable depending on the number of fish (11) detected by means of the at least one detection unit (27), in particular depending on a predetermined number of detected and / or determined values ​​of fish (11) conveyed.

6. Device (10) according to claim 5, characterized in that, depending on the predetermined number of detected and / or determined values ​​of the conveyed fish (11), the at least one discharge element (24) is designed and configured to be positionally changeable in order to enlarge or reduce the passage gap (26) on the conveying path (19) of the discharge device (18) depending on a definable and / or calculable setting value of the detected and / or determined values ​​of the fish (11), in particular automatically and / or automatically.

7. Device (10) according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the passage gap (26) is designed and configured to be less than twice the width of the fish (11), in particular depending on the detected and / or determined values ​​of the predetermined number of fish (11).

8. Device (10) according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the at least one discharge element (24) is designed and configured to be pivotable about a pivot axis (28) extending substantially vertically by means of the positioning element (25), such that the at least one discharge element (24) can be moved into or out of the conveying path (19).

9. Device (10) according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the at least one discharge element (24) forms and arranges a free end (29) projecting into the conveying path (19), wherein the free end (29) and a longitudinal side (30) extending along the conveying direction (16) of the at least one discharge recess (21) define the through-gap (26).

10. Device (10) according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the discharge device (18) comprises two essentially parallel discharge conveyor belts (20) each forming a conveying path (19) with a discharge element (24) each projecting into the conveying path (19) of the respective discharge conveyor belt (20), wherein at least one discharge recess (21) for discharging the fish (11) is formed and arranged at least partially between the two discharge conveyor belts (20).

11. Device (10) according to claim 10, characterized in that, viewed in the conveying direction (16), at least one wedge element (32) for separating the conveyed fish (11) between the two discharge conveyor belts (20) is arranged upstream of the at least one discharge recess (21) at the inlet (31) of the discharge device (18) between the two discharge conveyor belts (20), and / or that a receiving element (33) projecting, in particular at least partially, into the discharge recess (21) is arranged in the end section (34) of the discharge recess (21) viewed in the conveying direction (16), wherein the receiving element (33) is designed and configured for receiving fish (11) partially suspended in the discharge recess (21) in sections. - 29 - 12. Method for automatically feeding fish (11) to a fish processing device, comprising the steps - Providing fish (11) by means of a feeding device (14) with a central conveyor belt (15), wherein the feeding device (14) is provided for conveying the fish (11) substantially longitudinally axially on the central conveyor belt (15) in a conveying direction (16) substantially tail-first or head-first, - Feeding the fish (11) from the feeding device (14) to a discharge device (18) with at least one discharge conveyor belt (20) forming a conveying path (19), wherein the at least one discharge conveyor belt (20) is designed downstream in the conveying direction (16) of the feeding device (14) and is set up to take over the fish (11) from the central conveyor belt (15), - selective discharge of fish (11) from the at least one discharge conveyor belt (20) through at least one discharge opening (21) of the discharge device (18), - Taking over or transferring the fish (11) conveyed by the at least one discharge conveyor belt (20) through the discharge device (18) by means of a receiving unit (22), characterized by the fact that Fish (11) are selectively discharged by means of the at least one discharge device (18), wherein the discharge device (18) comprises at least one discharge element (24) projecting into the conveying path (19) of the at least one discharge conveyor belt (20), wherein the at least one discharge element (24) is changed in its position relative to the conveying path (19) of the discharge conveyor belt (20) by means of a controllable and / or adjustable positioning element (25) such that a passage gap (26) of variable width is formed in the conveying path (19), wherein the conveying of the fish (11) conveyed on the discharge conveyor belt (20) is limited by a maximum width of the passage gap (26).

13. Method according to claim 12, characterized in that the at least one discharge element (24) is automatically and / or selectively changed in its position by means of the positioning element (25). - 30 - 14. Method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized by detecting and / or determining conveyed fish (11), in particular their size, width and / or weight, by means of at least one detection unit (27).

15. Method according to claim 14, characterized in that the fish (11) are detected and / or identified by means of the at least one detection unit (27) in the conveying direction (16) upstream and / or downstream of the discharge device (18), in particular that the fish (11) conveyed from the discharge device (18) to the receiving unit (22) are detected and / or identified by means of the at least one detection unit (27) downstream of the discharge device (18).

16. Method according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the at least one discharge element (24) is regulated and / or controlled depending on the number of fish (11) detected by means of the at least one detection unit (27), in particular depending on a predetermined number of detected and / or determined values ​​of fish (11) conveyed.

17. Method according to claim 16, characterized in that, depending on the predetermined number of recorded and / or determined values ​​of the conveyed fish (11), the discharge element (24) can be repositioned in order to enlarge or reduce the passage gap (26) on the conveying path (19) of the discharge device (18) depending on a definable and / or calculable setting value of the recorded and / or determined values ​​of the fish (11), in particular automatically and / or autonomously.

18. Method according to one or more of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that the through-slot (26) is set to be less than twice the width of the fish (11), depending in particular on the detected and / or determined values ​​of the predetermined number of fish (11).

19. Method according to one or more of claims 13 to 18, characterized in that the at least one discharge element (24) is pivoted by means of the positioning element (25) about a substantially vertical pivot axis (28) such that the at least one discharge element (24) is moved into or out of the conveying path (19) to change the through-gap (26).

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