Use of jawsamycin against nematodes

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method of controlling or reducing nematode damage to a plant comprising applying a composition comprising jawsamycin to a seed material prior to planting and / or to a soil surrounding a planted seed or plant.

Description

[0001] USE OF JAWSAMYCIN AGAINST NEMATODES

[0002] The present invention relates to the use of a composition comprising jawsamycin as a nematicide. The invention also relates to methods of treating plants to reduce nematode damage by applying a composition comprising jasamycin. a seed and / or soil treatment are described.

[0003] BACKGROUND

[0004] Nematodes are microscopic unsegmented roundworms known to reside in virtually every type of environment (terrestrial, freshwater, marine). Of the over 80,000 known species, many are agriculturally significant and generally referred to as plant parasitic nematodes. One such species is the root knot nematode (JVIeloidogyne spp.) which attacks a broad range of plants, shrubs, and crops. These soil-born nematodes attack newly formed roots causing stunted growth, swelling or gall formation. Chemical nematicides such as soil fumigants or non-fumigants have been in use for many years to combat infestations. As the use of traditional chemical nematicides such as methyl-bromide and organophosphates continue to be phased out, a need for the development of alternative treatment options has arisen, such as the use of biological solutions such as microbiol solutions or fermentation products or metabolites thereof.

[0005] Jawsamycin is a natural compound, indicated as FR-900848, that is produced by Streptoverticillium or Streptomyces bacteria. The compound, which was first discovered in 1990, by Yoshida et al (1990), J. of Antibiotics, p. 748-754, was found to be fungicidally active against a number of fungi. Fu et. al. (2020), 11-3387, Nature Communications discloses that jawsamycin was active against some fungi, yeasts and mucorales species, but no other cidal activity was identified.

[0006] There is a need for improved methods of controlling or reducing plant parasitic nematodes using biological solutions.

[0007] SUMMARY

[0008] The present invention relates to a method of controlling or reducing nematode damage to a plant comprising applying a composition comprising jawsamycin to a seed prior to planting and / or to a soil surrounding a planted seed or plant.

[0009] In another aspect the present invention relates to the use of a composition comprising jawsamycin as a nematicde.

[0010] DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0011] The present invention relates to a method of controlling or reducing nematode damage to a plant comprising applying a composition comprising jawsamycin to a seed prior to planting and / or to a soil surrounding a planted seed or plant. Surprisingly it was found that a composition comprising jawsamycin had a surprising nematicidal activity against a broad range of nematodes.

[0012] As used herein controlling or reducing nematode damage to a plant, is understood to involve control or reduction of nematode damage to a plant, such a from 1% to 100% control or reduction of nematode damage, for instance 5% to 90%, for instance from 10% to 80%, for instance from 15% to 70% control or reduction of nematode damage to a plant. Reduction of nematode damage may bemeasured by measuring the number of nematodes per root as compared to the untreated control as disclosed in the examples.

[0013] The method according to the present invention excludes methods for the treatment of a human or animal body by surgery or therapy.

[0014] Applying a compositition comprising a jawsamycin to a seed prior to planting and / or to a soil surrounding a planted seed or plant may be performed in any suitable way, for example by dipping, spraying fumigating, fogging, scattering, brushing on, in furrow application, drenching, drip irrigation and I or injecting. Applying a composition to a seed for instance comprises drenching a seed or coating a seed with one or more coats. The application of composition comprising jawsamycin can be before and I or after infection of the seed and I or the soil by nematodes, preferably prior to infection.

[0015] A composition comprising jawsamycin surprisingly controls or reduces damage of nematodes. Any suitable nematode may be controlled or prevented such as root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne sp.), cyst nematodes (Heterodera sp., or Globodera sp.), lesion nematodes, stem and bulb nematode (Ditylenchus sp.), stubby-root nematodes (Trichodorus sp. and Paratrichodorus sp.), reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis), needle nematode (Longidorus sp.), sting nematode (Belonolaimus longicaudatus), dagger nematodes (Xiphinema sp.), spiral nematodes (Helicotylenchus sp.), burrowing nematodes (Radophulus sp.), seed gall nematodes (Anguina sp.), ring nematodes (Criconemella sp). A method according to the present invention preferably controls or prevents nematodes belonging to Anguina sp. Belonolaimus sp, Criconemella sp. Ditylenchus sp. Heterodera sp., Helicotylenchus sp., Globodera sp, Lngidorus spp. Meloidogyne sp., Paratrichodorus sp. Pratylenchus sp., Radophulus sp. or Rotylenchus sp, Trichodorus sp., or Xiphinema sp..

[0016] Preferably, the method or use according to the present invention controls or prevents damage of nematodes belonging to Heterodera sp., Helicotylenchus sp., Globodera sp., Meloidogyne sp., Pratylenchus sp., or Rotylenchus sp. preferably the nematode belongs to a nematode species of Heterodera glycines, Heterodera avenae or Heterodera schachtii, Globodera rostochiensis, Globodera pallida, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne javanica, Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pratylenchus penetrans, Pratylenchus zeae, preferably Heterodera glycines, Meloidogyne incognita, and / or Pratylenchus zeae, preferably Heterodera glycines, Meloidogyne incognita and / or Pratylenchus zeae.

[0017] Nematode damage on any suitable plant may be controlled or prevented by a composition comprising jawsamycin. A suitable plant includes grape vines; cereals, such as wheat, barley, rye or oats or rice; beet, such as sugar beet or fodder beet; fruits, such as pomes, stone fruits or soft fruits, for example apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries, strawberries, raspberries or blackberries; leguminous plants, such as beans, lentils, peas or soybeans; oil plants, such as rape, mustard, poppy, olives, sunflowers, coconut, castor oil plants, cocoa beans or groundnuts; cucumber plants, such as marrows, cucumbers or melons; fibre plants, such as cotton, flax, hemp or jute; citrus fruit, such as oranges, lemons, grapefruit or mandarins; vegetables, such as spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbages, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, cucurbits or paprika; lauraceae, such as avocados, cinnamon or camphor; maize; tobacco; nuts; coffee; sugar cane; tea; vines; hops; durian; bananas; natural rubber plants; turf or ornamentals, such as flowers, shrubs, broad-leaved trees or evergreens, for example conifers.Preferably the plant comprises soybean, corn, rice, sugarcane, coffee, potato, sugarbeet, corn, peas, fruit and / or vegetables, preferably the fruit and I or vegetables comprise tomato and / or cucumber. Preferably the plant comprises soybean and I or corn.

[0018] The term “plants” refers to all physical parts of a plant, including plant propagation material such as seeds, seedlings, saplings, roots, tubers, stems, stalks, foliage, and fruits.

[0019] A plant as used herein also includes useful plants. The term "useful plants" is to be understood as also including useful plants that have been rendered tolerant to herbicides.

[0020] The term "useful plants" is to be understood as also including useful plants which have been so transformed by using recombinant DNA techniques such that they are capable of synthesising one or more selectively acting toxins, such as are known, for example, from toxin-producing bacteria, especially those of the genus Bacillus.

[0021] The term “plant propagation material” is understood to denote generative parts of the plant, such as seeds, which can be used for the multiplication of the latter, and vegetative material, such as cuttings or tubers, for example potatoes. There can be mentioned for example seeds (in the strict sense), roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes and parts of plants. Germinated plants and young plants which are to be transplanted after germination or after emergence from the soil, may also be mentioned. These young plants can be protected before transplantation by a total or partial treatment by immersion. Preferably “plant propagation material” is understood to denote seeds.

[0022] Jawsamycin is a known compound and has a structural formula according to Formula (I)

[0023]

[0024] Jawsamycin of formula (I) is an oligocyclopropyl-containing natural product, also noted as FR-900848. Jawsamycin is a polyketide comprising a 5'-amino-5'-deoxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydrouridine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group is substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-[(1 R,1 'R, 1 "R,1 "'R,2S,2'R,2"R,2"'S)-2"'-{(E)-2-[(1 R,2R)-2-methylcyclopropyl]ethenyl}[1 ,1 ':2',1 ":2",1 quater(cyclopropan)]-2-yl]-5-oxopenta-1 ,3-dien-5-yl group. The structure of jawsamycin is C32H43N3O6, comprising a 5'-amino-5'-deoxy-5, 6-dihydrouridine with an unsaturated fatty acid comprising four serial and one isolated cyclopropane rings.

[0025] Its IUPAC name of jawsamycin is (2E,4E)-N-[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2,4-dioxo-1 ,3-diazinan-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl]-5-[(1 S,2R)-2-[(1 R,2R)-2-[(1 R,2R)-2-[(1 R,2S)-2-[(E)-2-[(1 R,2R)-2-methylcyclopropyl]ethenyl]cyclopropyl]cyclopropyl]cyclopropyl]cyclopropyl]penta-2,4-dienamide.

[0026] While the total synthesis of jawsamycin entitled “pentacyclopropane antifungal agent FR-900848” has been disclosed by A. Barrett et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 45, 11030-11037, the compound ispreferably accessible, and employed, as the metabolite obtained from, or isolated from Streptoverticillium or Streptomyces bacteria.

[0027] In one embodiment the composition comprising jawsamycin further comprises a microorganism capable of expressing jawsamycin as a metabolite. A microorganism capable of expressing jawsamycin as metabolite may be a wild-type microorganism or a genetically modified or recombinant microorganism. In one embodiment, the microorganism preferably comprises Streptoverticillium sp. or Streptomyces sp., preferably Streptoverticillium fervens, or Streptomyces luteoverticillatus or their spores, as these microorganisms express jawsamycin as a metabolite.

[0028] A particularly suitable route to produce jawsamycin may be by cultivating Streptoverticillium fervens and isolating jawsamycin, for instance according to the methods disclosed in Masaru et al, The Journal of Antibiotics, 1990, Volume 43, Issue 7, Pages 748-754.

[0029] A microorganism expressing jawsamycin may also be a recombinant microorganism that has been genetically modified with the metabolic pathway for the production jawsamycin. A published jawsamycin biosynthetic gene cluster is known under accession no. AB920328 (see Fu et.al. Nature communications (2020), 11 , 3387).

[0030] Throughout this document the expression “composition” stands for the various mixtures or combinations of jawsamycin, for example in a single “ready-mix” form, in a combined spray mixture composed from separate formulations of the single active ingredient components, such as a “tank-mix”, and in a combined use of the single active ingredients when applied in a sequential manner, i.e. one after the other with a reasonably short period, such as a few hours or days.

[0031] The composition comprising jawsamycin preferably is an agricultural acceptable composition. Preferably, the composition comprising jawsamycin further comprises at least one agriculturally acceptable carrier, additive and I or formulation adjuvant, and optionally a surfactant.

[0032] Suitable carriers and adjuvants, e.g. for agricultural use, can be solid or liquid and are substances useful in formulation technology, e.g. natural or regenerated mineral substances, solvents, dispersants, wetting agents, tackifiers, thickeners, binders or fertilizers.

[0033] A composition comprising jawsamycin can be a solid or a liquid formulation. In general, the formulations include from 0.01 to 90% by weight of the active agent, from 0 to 20% agriculturally acceptable surfactant and 10 to 99.99% solid or liquid formulation inerts and adjuvant(s).

[0034] Concentrated forms of compositions generally contain between about 2 and 80%, preferably between about 5 and 70% by weight of active agent. Application forms of formulation may for example contain from 0.01 to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.01 to 5% by weight of active agent. Whereas commercial products will preferably be formulated as concentrates, the end user will normally employ diluted formulations.

[0035] Suitably, the composition comprises one or more further biologically active compound(s), preferably one or more further pesticide, such as nematicides, fungicides, insecticides, or herbicides.

[0036] Such one or more further pesticidal components are known and are referred to hereinabove by their so-called ISO common name or their IUPAC name. Typical pesticidal components are included in the Pesticide Manual Online ("E-pesticide Manual") by the British Crop Production Council and in the Compendium of Pesticide Common Names by Alan Wood.The method according to the present invention comprises applying compositions, wherein the composition may be employed in any conventional form, for example in the form of a twin pack, a powder for dry seed treatment (DS), an emulsion for seed treatment (ES), a flowable concentrate for seed treatment (FS), a solution for seed treatment (LS), a water dispersible powder for seed treatment (WS), a capsule suspension for seed treatment (CF), a gel for seed treatment (GF), an emulsion concentrate (EC), a suspension concentrate (SC), a suspo-emulsion (SE), a capsule suspension (CS), a water dispersible granule (WG), an emulsifiable granule (EG), an emulsion, water in oil (EG), an emulsion, oil in water (EW), a micro-emulsion (ME), an oil dispersion (OD), an oil miscible flowable (OF), an oil miscible liquid (OL), a soluble concentrate (SL), an ultra-low volume suspension (SU), an ultra-low volume liquid (UL), a technical concentrate (TK), a dispersible concentrate (DC), a wettable powder (WP) or any technically feasible formulation in combination with agriculturally acceptable adjuvants. For instance, the composition comprising jawsamycin may be a flowable conentrate for seed treatment Such compositions may be produced in conventional manner, e.g., by mixing the active ingredients with at least one appropriate inert formulation adjuvant (for example, diluents, solvents, fillers, and optionally other formulating ingredients such as surfactants, biocides, anti-freeze, stickers, thickeners, and compounds that provide adjuvancy effects). Also, conventional slow-release formulations may be employed where long lasting efficacy is intended. Particularly formulations to be applied in spraying forms, such as water dispersible concentrates (e.g. EC, SC, DC, OD, SE, EW, EO and the like), wettable powders and granules, may contain surfactants such as wetting and dispersing agents and other compounds that provide adjuvancy effects, e.g. the condensation product of formaldehyde with naphthalene sulphonate, an alkylarylsulphonate, a lignin sulphonate, a fatty alkyl sulphate, and ethoxylated alkylphenol and an ethoxylated fatty alcohol. Example of formulations are given herein below

[0037] Formulation Examples

[0038] Wettable powders a) b) c)

[0039] active ingredients [jawsamycin] 25 % 50 % 75 %

[0040] sodium lignosulfonate 5 % 5 %

[0041] sodium lauryl sulfate 3 % - 5 %

[0042] sodium diisobutylnaphthalenesulfonate 6 % 10 %

[0043] phenol polyethylene glycol ether 2 %

[0044] (7-8 mol of ethylene oxide)

[0045] highly dispersed silicic acid 5 % 10 % 10 %

[0046] Kaolin 62 % 27 %

[0047] The active ingredient is thoroughly mixed with the adjuvants and the mixture is thoroughly ground in a suitable mill, affording wettable powders that can be diluted with waterto give suspensions of the desired concentration.

[0048] Powders for dry seed treatment a) b) c)

[0049] active ingredients [jawsamycin] 25 % 50 % 75 %light mineral oil 5 % 5 % 5 % highly dispersed silicic acid 5 % 5 %

[0050] Kaolin 65 % 40 %

[0051] Talcum 20 %

[0052] The active ingredient is thoroughly mixed with the adjuvants and the mixture is thoroughly ground in a suitable mill, affording powders that can be used directly for seed treatment.

[0053] Emulsifiable concentrate

[0054] active ingredients [jawsamycin] 10 %

[0055] octylphenol polyethylene glycol ether 3 %

[0056] (4-5 mol of ethylene oxide)

[0057] calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate 3 %

[0058] castor oil polyglycol ether (35 mol of ethylene oxide) 4 %

[0059] Cyclohexanone 30 %

[0060] xylene mixture 50 %

[0061] Emulsions of any required dilution, which can be used in plant protection, can be obtained from this concentrate by dilution with water.

[0062] Dusts a) b) c) active ingredients [jawsamycin)] 5 % 6 % 4 % talcum 95 %

[0063] Kaolin - 94 %

[0064] mineral filler - - 96 %

[0065] Ready-for-use dusts are obtained by mixing the active ingredient with the carrier and grinding the mixture in a suitable mill. Such powders can also be used for dry dressings for seed.

[0066] Extruder granules

[0067] active ingredients [jawsamycin] 15 %

[0068] sodium lignosulfonate 2 %

[0069] carboxymethylcellulose 1 %

[0070] Kaolin 82 %

[0071] The active ingredient is mixed and ground with the adjuvants, and the mixture is moistened with water. The mixture is extruded and then dried in a stream of air.

[0072] Coated granules

[0073] active ingredients [jawsamycin] 8 %

[0074] polyethylene glycol (mol. wt. 200) 3 %Kaolin 89 %

[0075] The finely ground active ingredient is uniformly applied, in a mixer, to the kaolin moistened with polyethylene glycol. Non-dusty coated granules are obtained in this manner.

[0076] Suspension concentrate

[0077] active ingredients [jawsamycin] 40 %

[0078] propylene glycol 10 %

[0079] nonylphenol polyethylene glycol ether (15 mol of ethylene oxide) 6 %

[0080] Sodium lignosulfonate 10 % carboxymethylcellulose 1 %

[0081] silicone oil (in the form of a 75 % emulsion in water) 1 %

[0082] Water 32 %

[0083] The finely ground active ingredient is intimately mixed with the adjuvants, giving a suspension concentrate from which suspensions of any desired dilution can be obtained by dilution with water. Using such dilutions, living plants as well as plant propagation material can be treated and protected against infestation by microorganisms, by spraying, pouring or immersion.

[0084] Flowable concentrate for seed treatment

[0085] active ingredients [jawsamycin] 40 %

[0086] propylene glycol 5 %

[0087] copolymer butanol PO / EO 2 %

[0088] tristyrenephenole with 10-20 moles EO 2 %

[0089] 1 ,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (in the form of a 20% solution in water) 0.5 %

[0090] monoazo-pigment calcium salt 5 %

[0091] Silicone oil (in the form of a 75 % emulsion in water) 0.2 %

[0092] Water 45.3 %

[0093] The finely ground active ingredient is intimately mixed with the adjuvants, giving a suspension concentrate from which suspensions of any desired dilution can be obtained by dilution with water. Using such dilutions, living plants as well as plant propagation material can be treated and protected against infestation by microorganisms, by spraying, pouring or immersion.

[0094] The amount of a composition to be applied will depend on various factors, such as the compounds employed; the subject of the treatment, such as type of seeds; the type of treatment, for instance seed dressing; the purpose of the treatment, such as the type of nematodes to be controlled, orthe application time. When applied to the useful plants the composition comprising jawsamycin may typically be applied at a rate of 0.1 to 2000 g a.i. / ha, particularly 0.2 to 1000 g a.i. / ha, for instance 0.5 to 500 g a.i. / ha, for instance 1 to 200 g a.i. / ha. 2 to 100 g a.i. / ha.

[0095] The method according to the present invention for treating seeds comprises applying a composition as disclosed herein at a rate of 0.001 to 50 g of a.i. per kg of seed, preferably from 0.005to 20g of a.i. per kg of seed, preferably from 0.01 to 10g of a.i. per kg of seed, preferably from 0.02 to 1 g of a.i. per kg is generally sufficient.

[0096] Suitably the method according to the present invention comprises applying jawsamycin at a rate of 0.1 to 200 g of a.i. per 100 kg of seeds, suitably 0.2 to 100 g of a.i. per 100 kg of seeds, suitably 0.5 to 50 g of a.i. per 100 kg of seeds, suitably 1 to 20 g of a.i. per 100 kg of seeds, suitably 2 to 10 g of a.i. per 100 kg of seeds.

[0097] As used herein, the abbreviation “a.i.” stands for “active ingredient”, and the active ingredient comprises or is jawsamycin.

[0098] The present invention also relates to the use of jawsamycin as a nematicide. Surprisingly it was found that jawsamycing effectively controlled or prevented damage by nematodes on plants. In one embodiment said use comprises the use of a composition comprising jawsamycin. Said use excludes using jawsamycin or a composition comprising jawsamycin for the treatment of a human or animal body by surgery or therapy.

[0099] In one embodiment the use comprises controlling or reducing nematode damage to a plant comprising applying to a seed prior to planting and / or to a soil surrounding a planted seed or plant the composition comprising jawsamycin.

[0100] EXAMPLES

[0101] Materials

[0102] Jawsamycin employed in the examples was produced by cultivating Streptoverticillium fervens and isolating jawsamycin according to the methods disclosed in Masaru et al, The Journal of Antibiotics, 1990, Volume 43, Issue 7, Pages 748-754.

[0103] Jawsamycin was formulated as a flowable concentrate for seed treatment (FS) according to known methods in the art.

[0104] Example 1. Use of jawsamycin against nematodes

[0105] Penetration Assay with Heterodera glycines on soybean

[0106] The seeds of soybean (variety Toliman) were treated with the given rates of the products tested. Treated seeds were sown in potting soil in pots. Pots were infested with 2000 eggs of Heterodera glycines Ichinohe at the day of sowing. 14 days after infestation the plants were cut, the roots removed from the soil and gently cleaned. The roots were bleached and stained with acid fuchsin following the method from Bybd DW et al 19832). Finally, the root samples were checked under the dissecting microscope and the number of nematodes counted. The efficacy of the treatments was calculated by using the Abott's formula. The results are shown in the Table 1.

[0107] Table 1. Efficay of jawsamycin against Heterodera glycines on soybean

[0108]

[0109]

[0110] Penetration Assay with Meloidogyne incognita on soybean

[0111] The seeds of soybean (variety Toliman) were treated with the given rates of the products tested. Treated seeds were sown in potting soil in pots. Pots were infested with 20000 eggs of Meloidogyne incognita Chitwood at the day of sowing. 14 days after infestation the plants were cut, the roots removed from the soil and gently cleaned. The roots were bleached and stained with acid fuchsin following the method from Bybd DW et al 19832). Finally, the root samples were checked under the dissecting microscope and the number of nematodes counted. The efficacy of the treatments was calculated by using the Abott's formula. The results are shown in the Table 2.

[0112] Table 2. Efficay of jawsamycin against Meloidogyne incognita on soybean

[0113]

[0114] Penetration Assay with Pratylenchus zeae on corn

[0115] The seeds of cor (variety Falkone)) were treated with the given rates of the products tested. Treated seeds were sown in potting soil in pots. Three days after sowing the pots were infested with the 1000 juveniles of Pratylenchus zeae Graham. Seven days after the infestation the plants were cut, the roots removed from the soil and gently cleaned. The roots were bleached and stained with acid fuchsin following the method from Bybd DW et al 19832). Finally, the root samples were checked under the dissecting microscope and the number of nematodes counted. The efficacy of the treatments was calculated by using the Abott1)'s formula. The results are shown in the Table 3.

[0116] Table 3. Efficacy of jawsamycin against Pratylenchus zea on corn

[0117]

[0118] Example 2. Field experiment: Efficacy of Jawsamycin against Meloidogyne incognita in cucumber under natural field conditions.

[0119] Cucumber seeds were treated with Jawsamycin with the rates ranging from 0.00625mgai / seed to 0.125mgai / seed. Jawsamycin treated seeds were planted in fields having natural infestation of Meloidogyne incognita with a plot size of 25 square feet X 6 replicates. At 42 DAP (days after planting),efficacy of Jawsamycin against Meloidogyne incognita was assessed for number of eggs / roots, number of juveniles / root and number of galls / roots. Efficacy of the treatments were calculated by using the Abott1)'s formula as shown in Table 4a, 4b and 4c.

[0120] Table 4a. Efficacy of jawsamycin against Meloidogyne incognita on cucumber (number of eggs / root)

[0121]

[0122] Table 4b. Efficacy of jawsamycin against Meloidogyne incognita on cucumber (number of juveniles / root)

[0123]

[0124] Table 4c. Efficacy of jawsamycin against Meloidogyne incognita on cucumber (number of galls / root)

[0125]

[0126] Efficacy of Jawsamycin against Meloidogyne incognita in Melon under green house conditions (Drench application).

[0127] Melon seeds were sown in 9-inch pots with 9 replicates. Each pot was infested with 3000 eggs of Meloidogyne incognita on the day of sowing. Drench / soil application of Jawsamycin was made at the time of planting. 51 days after planting, the plants were assessed for number of galls / root and efficacy of the treatments were calculated by using the Abott1)'s formula as shown in table 5.

[0128] Table 5: Efficacy of jawsamycin against Meloidogyne incognita on cucumber (drench application)

[0129]

[0130] Efficacy of Jawsamycin against Heterodera glycines on soybean under green house conditions Drench application).

[0131] The seeds of soybeans (variety Hutchinson) were sown in 9-inch pots (6 seeds / pot) with 9 replicates. Pots were infested with 3000 eggs of Heterodera glycines on the day of sowing. Drench / soil application of Jawsamycin was made at the time of planting. 51 days after planting, the plants were assessed for number of cysts / root and efficacy of the treatments were calculated by using the Abott1)'s formula as shown in table 6.

[0132] Table 6: Efficacy of jawsamycin against Heterodera glycines on soybean (drench application)

[0133]

[0134] 1) Abbott WS. A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. J Econ Entomol (1925) 18:265-267

[0135] 2) Bybd DW, Kirkpatrick T, Barker KR. An improved technique for clearing and staining plant tissues for detection of nematodes. J Nematol. (1983) 15(1): 142-3.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A method of controlling or reducing nematode damage to a plant comprising applying a composition comprising jawsamycin to a seed prior to planting and / or to a soil surrounding a planted seed or plant.

2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the nematode belongs to Heterodera sp., Helicotylenchus sp., Globodera spp, Meloidogyne sp., Pratylenchus sp., or Rotylenchus sp. or Xiphinema spp. preferably the nematode belongs to a nematode species of Heterodera glycines, Heterodera avenae or Heterodera schachtii, Globodera rostochiensis, Globodera pallida, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne javanica, Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pratylenchus penetrans, Pratylenchus zea, preferably Heterodera glycines, Meloidogyne incognita, or Pratylenchus zea.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plant comprises soybean, corn, rice, sugarcane, coffee, potato, cotton, sugarbeet, corn, peas, fruit and / or vegetables, preferably soybean and / or corn.

4. The method according to any one of the claims 1 to 3, wherein the composition comprising jawsamycin further comprises a microorganism capable of expressing jawsamycin as a metabolite.

5. The method according to any one of the claims 1 to 4, wherein the microorganism comprises Streptoverticillium sp. or Streptomyces sp., preferably Streptoverticillium fervens, or Streptomyces luteoverticillatus.

6. The method according to any one of the claims 1 to 5, wherein the composition comprising jawsamycin is an agricultural acceptable composition.

7. The method according to any one of the claims 1 to 6, wherein the composition further comprises at least one agriculturally acceptable carrier, additive and / or formulation adjuvant, and optionally a surfactant.

8. The method according to any one of the claims 1 to 7, wherein the composition comprising jawsamycin is applied at a rate of 0.1 to 2000 g of jawsamycin / ha.

9. The method according to any one of the claims 1 to 8, wherein the composition comprising jawsamycin is applied at a rate of 0.001 to 50 g of jawsamycin per kg of seed.

11. Use according to claim 10, wherein the use comprises controlling or reducing nematode damage to a plant comprising applying to a seed prior to planting and / or to a soil surrounding a planted seed or plant a composition comprising jawsamycin.

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