Server system

Abstract

A server system according to the present disclosure is provided with a server and a plurality of cooling units each having a refrigerator for cooling a refrigerant used to cool the server. At least one of the cooling units is a cold storage unit further including a tank capable of storing the refrigerant. The cold storage unit can be switched between a cold storage mode in which the refrigerant is circulated between the refrigerator and the tank to store the refrigerant in the tank, and a cooling mode in which the refrigerant is used to cool the server.

Description

Server System

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a server system. The present application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2025-028903 filed in Japan on February 26, 2025, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0002] A server is composed of a plurality of electronic devices (electronic components). These electronic devices generate heat, and the generated heat affects the performance of the server. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a system for cooling the electronic devices themselves and the server. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses an electronic device cooling apparatus. This electronic device cooling apparatus includes a prediction unit that predicts the temperature of an electronic device from an operating load, and a control unit that controls a cooling unit that cools the electronic device based on the predicted temperature.

[0003] Japanese Patent No. 4152348

[0004] Meanwhile, in recent years, generative AI (Artificial Intelligence) has become widespread, and for example, sudden load fluctuations occur in inference-based generative AI. Further, for example, in learning-based generative AI, the load may increase by about twice. As described above, in a server that runs generative AI with large load fluctuations, the amount of heat generation increases rapidly in accordance with the load fluctuations. However, the cooling system as described in Patent Document 1 cannot cope with a rapid increase in the amount of heat generation, and there have been cases where the operation speed has to be reduced. For these reasons, improvement in cooling efficiency has been desired.

[0005] The present disclosure has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present disclosure is to provide a server system capable of improving cooling efficiency.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the server system according to this disclosure comprises a server and a plurality of cooling units having a refrigerator for cooling a refrigerant for cooling the server, wherein at least one of the cooling units is a cold storage unit further having a tank capable of storing the refrigerant, and the cold storage unit is switchable between a cold storage mode in which the refrigerant is circulated between the refrigerator and the tank and stored in the tank, and a cooling mode in which the refrigerant is used to cool the server.

[0007] According to the server system of this disclosure, cooling efficiency can be improved.

[0008] This is a schematic configuration diagram of a server system according to the first embodiment of this disclosure. This is a functional block diagram of a control device according to the first embodiment of this disclosure. This is a flowchart showing an example of operation of a server system according to the first embodiment of this disclosure. This is a graph showing an example of the time change of server load according to the first embodiment of this disclosure. This is a schematic diagram showing an example of operation of a server system according to the first embodiment of this disclosure. This is a schematic diagram showing an example of operation of a server system according to the first embodiment of this disclosure. This is a schematic diagram showing an example of operation of a server system according to the first embodiment of this disclosure. This is a schematic configuration diagram of a server system according to the second embodiment of this disclosure. This is a schematic diagram showing an example of operation of a server system according to the second embodiment of this disclosure. This is a schematic diagram showing an example of operation of a server system according to the second embodiment of this disclosure. This is a schematic configuration diagram of a server system according to the third embodiment of this disclosure. This is a schematic diagram showing an example of operation of a server system according to the third embodiment of this disclosure. This is a schematic diagram showing an example of operation of a server system according to the third embodiment of this disclosure. This is a hardware configuration diagram according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0009] <First Embodiment> Hereinafter, a server system 1 according to the first embodiment of this disclosure will be described with reference to Figures 1 to 7. As shown in Figure 1, the server system 1 comprises a server 2, a cooling unit 10, an intermediate unit 60, and a control device 70.

[0010] (Server) Server 2 is used, for example, for generating AI and generates heat during operation. Server 2 has a temperature range in which it can operate efficiently, and a cooling unit 10, which will be described later, is provided to maintain the temperature of Server 2 at an appropriate temperature. In this embodiment, the case in which multiple Server 2s are provided will be described as an example.

[0011] (Cooling Unit) The cooling unit 10 is a unit having a refrigerator 20 that cools the refrigerant used to cool the server 2. Hereinafter, the refrigerant that circulates within the cooling unit 10 and is cooled by the refrigerator 20 will be referred to as the primary refrigerant R1. Multiple cooling units 10 are provided. The multiple cooling units 10 will be referred to in order as the first cooling unit 10a, the second cooling unit 10b, and so on. In this embodiment, the case in which two cooling units 10 are provided will be described as an example. Each cooling unit 10 has a similar configuration. Each cooling unit 10 has a refrigerator 20, a main line 12, a main supply valve 15, a main pump 16, a main return valve 17, a cooling heat source unit 30, a first branch line 50, a first branch valve 51, a second branch line 52, a second branch valve 53, a third branch line 54, and a third branch valve 55.

[0012] (Cold Storage Unit) In addition, at least one of the cooling units 10 is a cold storage unit 11 that further includes a cold storage structure 40 in addition to the configurations of the cooling unit 10 described above. The cold storage structure 40 has a tank 42 capable of storing primary refrigerant R1. In this embodiment, both cooling units 10 are cold storage units 11 equipped with a tank 42. That is, both the first cooling unit 10a and the second cooling unit 10b are cold storage units 11. The cold storage unit 11 is configured to allow switching of operating modes. For example, the cold storage unit 11 is switchable between a cold storage mode in which primary refrigerant R1 is circulated between the chiller 20 and the tank 42 to store primary refrigerant R1 in the tank 42, and a cooling mode in which primary refrigerant R1 is used to cool the server 2. The configurations of the cold storage unit 11 (cooling unit 10) will be described in detail below.

[0013] (Refrigeration Unit) The refrigerator unit 20 is a device that cools the primary refrigerant R1. An example of a refrigerator unit 20 is a turbo refrigerator. The refrigerator unit 20 has a refrigeration cycle line 21, an evaporator 22, a compressor 23, a condenser 24, and an expander 25. The refrigeration cycle line 21 circulates the refrigerator refrigerant for cooling the primary refrigerant R1. The refrigeration cycle line 21 is equipped with an evaporator 22, a compressor 23, a condenser 24, and an expander 25. The evaporator 22 cools the primary refrigerant R1 by exchanging heat with the refrigerator refrigerant. In the evaporator 22, the refrigerator refrigerant evaporates. The evaporated refrigerator refrigerant is sent from the evaporator 22 to the compressor 23. In the compressor 23, the refrigerator refrigerant is compressed. The compressed refrigerator refrigerant is cooled and condensed in the condenser 24. The condensed refrigerant for the refrigerator is sent from the condenser 24 to the expander 25. After being expanded in the expander 25, the refrigerant is sent from the expander 25 to the evaporator 22.

[0014] (Main Line) The main line 12 is a line that transmits the cold energy of the primary refrigerant R1 cooled by the refrigerator 20 to the server 2 and recovers the heat from the server 2 with the primary refrigerant R1. In this embodiment, the main line 12 circulates the primary refrigerant R1 between the refrigerator 20 and the cooling distribution unit 61, which will be described later. The main line 12 has a main supply line 13 and a main return line 14. The main supply line 13 supplies the cold energy of the primary refrigerant R1 cooled by the refrigerator 20 to the server 2. In this embodiment, the main supply line 13 connects the refrigerator 20 and the cooling distribution unit 61 and supplies the primary refrigerant R1 cooled by the refrigerator 20 to the cooling distribution unit 61. The main supply line 13 supplies the cold energy of the primary refrigerant R1 to the server 2 via the cooling distribution unit 61. The main return line 14 returns the primary refrigerant R1, which has recovered the heat from the server 2, to the refrigerator 20. In this embodiment, the main return line 14 connects the refrigerator 20 and the cooling distribution unit 61, and returns the primary refrigerant R1 heated by the cooling distribution unit 61 to the refrigerator 20. The main return line 14 returns the primary refrigerant R1, which has recovered heat from the server 2 via the cooling distribution unit 61, to the refrigerator 20.

[0015] (Main supply valve) The main supply valve 15 opens and closes the main supply line 13. Multiple main supply valves 15 (three in the illustrated example) are provided on the main supply line 13. The multiple main supply valves 15 are designated as the first main supply valve 15a, the second main supply valve 15b, the third main supply valve 15c, and so on, starting from the upstream side.

[0016] (Main Pump) The main pump 16 sends the primary refrigerant R1, cooled by the refrigerator 20, from the refrigerator 20 to the server 2 (cooling distribution unit 61, described later). The main pump 16 is located in the main supply line 13. In this embodiment, the main pump 16 is located between the first main supply valve 15a and the second main supply valve 15b.

[0017] (Main return valve) The main return valve 17 opens and closes the main return line 14. Multiple main return valves 17 (two in the illustrated example) are provided on the main return line 14. The multiple main return valves 17 are designated as the first main return valve 17a, the second main return valve 17b, and so on, starting from the upstream side.

[0018] (Cooling Heat Source Unit) The cooling heat source unit 30 includes a cooling heat source machine 31, a cooling heat source line 32, a cooling heat source valve 35, and a cooling heat source pump 36.

[0019] (Cooling Heat Source Unit) The cooling heat source unit 31 is a device that cools the refrigerant used as a cooling heat source for cooling the refrigerant used in the refrigerator. The cooling heat source unit 31 cools the refrigerant used as a cooling heat source, for example, by air cooling. In this embodiment, the refrigerant used as a cooling heat source is the primary refrigerant R1 that flows through the main line 12.

[0020] (Cooling Heat Source Line) The cooling heat source line 32 includes a cooling heat source supply line 33 and a cooling heat source return line 34. The cooling heat source supply line 33 connects the cooling heat source unit 31 and the condenser 24, and supplies the cooling heat source refrigerant cooled in the cooling heat source unit 31 to the condenser 24. In the condenser 24, heat exchange takes place between the refrigeration refrigerant and the cooling heat source refrigerant. As a result, in the condenser 24, the refrigeration refrigerant is cooled and condensed, and the cooling heat source refrigerant is heated. The cooling heat source return line 34 connects the condenser 24 and the cooling heat source unit 31, and returns the cooling heat source refrigerant heated in the condenser 24 to the cooling heat source unit 31.

[0021] (Cooling Heat Source Valves) Multiple cooling heat source valves 35 are provided in the cooling heat source line 32. The multiple cooling heat source valves 35 include a cooling heat source supply valve 35a and a cooling heat source return valve 35b. The cooling heat source supply valve 35a is provided in the cooling heat source supply line 33. The cooling heat source supply valve 35a opens and closes the cooling heat source supply line 33. The cooling heat source return line 34 is provided in the cooling heat source return line 34. The cooling heat source return line 34 opens and closes the cooling heat source supply line 33.

[0022] (Cooling Heat Source Pump) The cooling heat source pump 36 sends the cooling heat source refrigerant, cooled by the cooling heat source unit 31, toward the condenser 24. The cooling heat source pump 36 is installed between the cooling heat source unit 31 and the cooling heat source supply valve 35a in the cooling heat source supply line 33.

[0023] (Cold storage structure) The cold storage structure 40 includes a cold storage line 41, a tank 42, and a cold storage valve 43.

[0024] (Cold Storage Line) The cold storage line 41 is a bypass line that guides a portion of the primary refrigerant R1 cooled by the refrigerator 20 from the main supply line 13 into the tank 42, and returns the primary refrigerant R1 in the tank 42 to the main supply line 13. In this embodiment, the cold storage line 41 connects the portion of the main supply line 13 between the refrigerator 20 and the first main supply valve 15a, and the portion of the main supply line 13 between the first main supply valve 15a and the second main supply valve 15b. The cold storage line 41 is provided with a tank 42 and a cold storage valve 43.

[0025] (Tank) Tank 42 is provided to store the primary refrigerant R1 that flows through the main line 12.

[0026] (Cold Storage Valves) Multiple cold storage valves 43 are provided in the cold storage line 41. The cold storage valves 43 open and close the cold storage line 41. The multiple cold storage valves 43 include a first cold storage valve 43a located upstream of the tank 42 and a second cold storage valve 43b located upstream of the tank 42.

[0027] (First branch line) The first branch line 50 connects the portion of the main supply line 13 between the second main supply valve 15b and the third main supply valve 15c, and the portion of the main return line 14 between the second main return valve 17b and the refrigerator 20.

[0028] (First branch valve) The first branch valve 51 is installed in the first branch line 50. The first branch valve 51 opens and closes the first branch line 50.

[0029] (Second branch line) The second branch line 52 connects the portion of the main supply line 13 between the second main supply valve 15b and the third main supply valve 15c (more specifically, the portion downstream of the connection between the first branch line 50 and the main supply line 13) to the portion of the cooling heat source supply line 33 between the cooling heat source pump 36 and the cooling heat source supply valve 35a.

[0030] (Second branch valve) The second branch valve 53 is installed in the second branch line 52. The second branch valve 53 opens and closes the second branch line 52.

[0031] (Third branch line) The third branch line 54 connects the portion of the main return line 14 between the first main return valve 17a and the second main return valve 17b, and the portion of the cooling heat source return line 34 between the cooling heat source return valve 35b and the cooling heat source unit 31.

[0032] (Third branch valve) The third branch valve 55 is installed in the third branch line 54. The third branch valve 55 opens and closes the third branch line 54.

[0033] (Intermediate Unit) The intermediate unit 60 adjusts the cooling and heating of the refrigerant flowing through the cooling unit 10 and transmits it to the server 2. Secondary refrigerant R2 flows within the intermediate unit 60. The intermediate unit 60 includes a cooling distribution unit 61 (CDU), a distribution line 62, and a distribution pump 65.

[0034] (Cooling Distribution Unit) The cooling distribution unit 61 performs heat exchange between the primary refrigerant R1 flowing through the cooling unit 10 and the secondary refrigerant R2 flowing through the intermediate unit 60. The cooling distribution unit 61 has a built-in pump and heat exchanger (not shown). In the cooling distribution unit 61, the primary refrigerant R1 is heated by absorbing heat from the server 2 via the secondary refrigerant R2, and the secondary refrigerant R2 is cooled by absorbing cold energy from the primary refrigerant R1. The cooling distribution unit 61 distributes the secondary refrigerant R2 to multiple servers 2. Depending on the amount of heat generated by each server 2, it distributes the appropriate temperature and amount of secondary refrigerant R2 to each server 2.

[0035] (Distribution Line) The distribution line 62 is a line that transmits the cooling energy of the secondary refrigerant R2 cooled by the cooling distribution unit 61 to a plurality of servers 2 and recovers the heat from the plurality of servers 2 with the secondary refrigerant R2. In this embodiment, the distribution line 62 circulates the secondary refrigerant R2 between the cooling distribution unit 61 and the plurality of servers 2. The distribution line 62 has a distribution supply line 63 and a distribution return line 64. The distribution supply line 63 supplies the secondary refrigerant R2 cooled by the cooling distribution unit 61 to the plurality of servers 2. In this embodiment, the distribution supply line 63 extends so as to branch from the cooling distribution unit 61 toward the plurality of servers 2. The distribution supply line 63 supplies the cooling energy supplied from the primary refrigerant R1 to the servers 2 via the secondary refrigerant R2. The distribution return line 64 returns the secondary refrigerant R2, which has recovered the heat from the plurality of servers 2, to the cooling distribution unit 61. In this embodiment, the distribution return line 64 extends from multiple servers 2 toward the cooling distribution unit 61, converging before (upstream of) the cooling distribution unit 61. The distribution return line 64 returns the secondary refrigerant R2, which has recovered heat from the multiple servers 2, to the cooling distribution unit 61. The heat recovered by the secondary refrigerant R2 is recovered by the cooling distribution unit 61 into the primary refrigerant R1.

[0036] (Distribution Pump) The distribution pump is a pump that circulates the secondary refrigerant R2 within the intermediate unit 60. In the illustrated example, the distribution pump 65 is located in the distribution return line 64.

[0037] (Control device) The control device 70 controls the operation of the server system 1. For example, the control device 70 has the following functional units: an acquisition unit 71, a switching operation unit 72, a determination unit 73, and a setting unit 74.

[0038] (Acquisition Unit) The acquisition unit 71 acquires information related to the operation of the server system 1. For example, the acquisition unit 71 acquires the operation schedule of server 2, including the time changes in the load on server 2.

[0039] (Switching Operation Unit) The switching operation unit 72 switches the operating mode of each cooling unit 10 by opening and closing various valves of the server system 1. For example, the switching operation unit 72 switches the storage unit 11 between storage mode and cooling mode. In storage mode, the storage unit 11 circulates the primary refrigerant R1 between the chiller 20 and the tank 42 to store the primary refrigerant R1 in the tank 42. In cooling mode, the storage unit 11 uses the primary refrigerant R1 to cool the server 2. Furthermore, there are two cooling modes: normal cooling mode and rapid cooling mode. In normal cooling mode, the storage unit 11 circulates the primary refrigerant R1 without passing it through the tank 42 to use the primary refrigerant R1 to cool the server 2. In rapid cooling mode, the storage unit 11 circulates the primary refrigerant R1 while releasing the primary refrigerant R1 stored in the tank 42 to use the primary refrigerant R1 to cool the server 2. Furthermore, if the server system 1 has a cooling unit 10 other than the cold storage unit 11, the switching operation unit 72 is configured to allow the cooling unit 10 to be switched between a cooling mode (normal cooling mode) and a non-cooling mode. In the non-cooling mode, the operation of the cooling unit 10 may be stopped, or the primary refrigerant R1 may be circulated within the cooling unit 10 so that the cooling energy of the primary refrigerant R1 is not used to cool the server 2.

[0040] (Determination Unit) The determination unit 73 determines information related to the operation of the server system 1, such as information acquired by the acquisition unit 71. The switching operation unit 72 may switch the operating mode based on this determination result.

[0041] (Setting Unit) The setting unit 74 sets the operation of the server system 1. The setting unit 74 can, for example, pre-set multiple cooling units 11 (first cooling unit 10a and second cooling unit 10b) so that their operating times are approximately the same over a predetermined period.

[0042] (Server System Operating Procedure) Next, an example of the operating procedure of the server system 1 according to this embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 3 to 7. Figures 5 to 7 illustrate an example of the operating mode of the server system 1. In the following diagrams showing an example of the operating mode of the server system 1, such as Figures 5 to 7, the open and closed states of the valves are shown. For example, valves in the open state are filled in, and valves in the closed state are not filled in. Furthermore, in the following, valves whose open / closed state is not described will be assumed to be in the closed state.

[0043] As shown in the flow chart in Figure 3, the acquisition unit 71 acquires information related to the operation of the server system 1 in advance, such as the operation schedule shown in Figure 4 (step S10). This operation schedule includes information on the time periods when the load on server 2 increases. In the graph in Figure 4, the horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents the load on server 2. In the example in Figure 4, three time periods T1, T2, and T3 are shown in order from immediately after the start of operation. The load is small in time period T1, increases in the subsequent time period T2, and then decreases again in the subsequent time period T3. The load in time period T3 is slightly larger than the load in time period T1.

[0044] Thereafter, the server system 1 operates the cold storage unit 11 in a cold storage mode (step S11). In step S11, for example, as shown in Fig. 5, the switching operation unit 72 switches the first cooling unit 10a to a normal cooling mode, and switches the second cooling unit 10b to a cold storage mode. In the example of Fig. 5, in the first cooling unit 10a, all cooling heat source valves 35 are in an open state, all main supply valves 15 are in an open state, all main return valves 17 are in an open state, all cold storage valves 43 are in a closed state, and the first branch valve 51 is in a closed state. Further, in the second cooling unit 10b, all cooling heat source valves 35 are in an open state, the first main supply valve 15a and the third main supply valve 15c are in a closed state, the second main supply valve 15b is in an open state, all main return valves 17 are in a closed state, all cold storage valves 43 are in an open state, and the first branch valve 51 is in an open state. The server system 1 operates in this state for a certain period of time (for example, time zone T1).

[0045] Thereafter, the determination unit 73 determines whether or not it is a time zone (for example, time zone T2) in which the load of the server 2 will increase, based on the information (for example, operation schedule) acquired in step S11 (step S12). If it is not the time zone in which the load of the server 2 will increase (in the illustrated example, if time zone T1 has not ended) (step S12: NO), the determination unit 73 determines whether or not the operation of the server 2 will end, based on the information (for example, operation schedule) acquired in step S11 (step S13). If the operation of the server 2 is to end (step S13: YES), the operation flow ends. If the operation of the server 2 does not end (step S13: NO), the process returns to step S11, and the server system 1 operates without changing the operation mode of each cooling system.

[0046] On the other hand, if it is a time when the load on server 2 increases (for example, time period T2) (step S13; YES), the server system 1 operates the cooling unit 11 in cooling mode (step S14). In step S14, for example as shown in Figure 6, the switching operation unit 72 switches the first cooling unit 10a to cooling mode and the second cooling unit 10b to rapid cooling mode. In the example in Figure 6, in the first cooling unit 10a, all cooling heat source valves 35 are open, the first main supply valve 15a and the third main supply valve 15c are closed, the second main supply valve 15b is open, all main return valves 17 are closed, all cooling valves 43 are open, and the first branch valve 51 is open. Furthermore, in the second cooling unit 10b, all cooling heat source valves 35 are open, the first main supply valve 15a is closed, the second main supply valve 15b and the third main supply valve 15c are open, all main return valves 17 are open, all cold storage valves 43 are closed, and the first branch valve 51 is closed. In this way, the second cooling unit 10b can use the refrigerant stored in the tank 42 in cold storage mode to cool the server 2 during the time period when the load on the server 2 is expected to increase, as determined in advance. The server system 1 operates in this state for a certain period of time (for example, time period T2).

[0047] Subsequently, the determination unit 73 determines, based on the information acquired in step S11 (e.g., the operation schedule), whether or not it is a time period (e.g., time period T3) in which the load on server 2 decreases (step S15). If it is not a time period in which the load on server 2 decreases (in the illustrated example, time period T2 has not ended) (step S15; NO), the determination unit 73 determines, based on the information acquired in step S11 (e.g., the operation schedule), whether or not the operation of server 2 will end (step S16). If the operation of server 2 will end (step S16; YES), the operation flow ends. If the operation of server 2 will not end (step S16; NO), the process returns to step S14, and server system 1 continues to operate without changing the operating mode of each cooling system.

[0048] On the other hand, if it is a time slot when the load on the server 2 decreases (for example, time slot T3) (step S15; YES), the process returns to step S11, and the server system 1 operates the cold storage unit 11 in the cooling mode. In time slot T3, for example, as shown in FIG. 7, the switching operation unit 72 switches the first cooling unit 10a to the rapid cooling mode, and switches the first cooling unit 10a to the cold storage mode. In the example of FIG. 7, in the first cooling unit 10a, all cooling heat source valves 35 are opened, the first main supply valve 15a is closed, the second main supply valve 15b and the third main supply valve 15c are opened, all main return valves 17 are opened, all cold storage valves 43 are closed, and the first branch valve 51 is closed. Further, in the second cooling unit 10b, all cooling heat source valves 35 are opened, the first main supply valve 15a and the third main supply valve 15c are closed, the second main supply valve 15b is opened, all main return valves 17 are closed, all cold storage valves 43 are opened, and the first branch valve 51 is opened. The server system 1 operates in this state for a certain period of time (for example, time slot T3).

[0049] Thereafter, the server system 1 is operated by repeating the steps described above. Note that the above operation procedure is merely an example. For example, in time slot T3, the first cooling unit 10a may be operated in the normal cooling mode instead of the rapid cooling mode.

[0050] For example, in step S12, the determination unit 73 also determines whether the period during which the load on server 2 increases is longer than the time required to release all of the primary refrigerant R1 stored in tank 42 in the storage mode. If the period during which the load on server 2 increases is longer than the time required to release all of the primary refrigerant R1 stored in tank 42 in the storage mode, then in step S14, the switching operation unit 72 may switch the storage unit 11 to a rapid cooling storage mode in which the primary refrigerant R1 stored in tank 42 in the storage mode can be used to cool server 2 while the primary refrigerant R1 is cooled by the refrigerator 20, and operate the server system 1. Such a rapid cooling storage mode is a type of rapid cooling mode. Conversely, if the period during which the load on server 2 increases is longer than the time required to release all of the primary refrigerant R1 stored in tank 42 in the cooling storage mode, the chiller 20 may be stopped and the primary refrigerant R1 stored in tank 42 in the cooling storage mode may be used to cool server 2 without cooling the primary refrigerant R1.

[0051] Alternatively, for example, the setting unit 74 may set multiple cooling units 11 so that their operating times are approximately the same over a predetermined period. For example, the first cooling unit 10a and the second cooling unit 10b may be set so that their annual operating times are approximately the same.

[0052] Furthermore, for example, in step S11 or step S14, the timing of switching the operating mode may be before the actual load on server 2 changes (for example, a few seconds before).

[0053] (Effects) In this embodiment, the following effects can be achieved.

[0054] In this embodiment, the server system 1 comprises a server 2 and a plurality of cooling units 10, each having a refrigerator 20 for cooling a primary refrigerant R1 for cooling the server 2. At least one of the cooling units 10 is a cold storage unit 11 further having a tank 42 capable of storing the primary refrigerant R1. The cold storage unit 11 is switchable between a cold storage mode in which the primary refrigerant R1 is circulated between the refrigerator 20 and the tank 42 to store the primary refrigerant R1 in the tank 42, and a cooling mode in which the primary refrigerant R1 is used to cool the server 2.

[0055] With this configuration, if the amount of heat generated increases rapidly, the primary refrigerant R1 stored in the tank 42 in cooling mode is released, allowing the server 2 to be cooled without reducing its processing speed. Therefore, cooling efficiency can be improved.

[0056] In this embodiment, the server system 1 further includes an intermediate unit 60 that adjusts the cooling and heat of the primary refrigerant R1 flowing through the cooling unit 10 and transmits it to the server 2.

[0057] With this configuration, the intermediate unit 60 can adjust the cooling and heating supplied to the server 2. Furthermore, different refrigerants can be used for the primary refrigerant R1 flowing through the cooling unit 10 and the secondary refrigerant R2 flowing through the intermediate unit 60. For example, if the cooling unit 10 is installed outside the facility, only the primary refrigerant R1 can be antifreeze.

[0058] In this embodiment, the cooling unit 11 is configured to allow the primary refrigerant R1 stored in the tank 42 in cooling mode to be used to cool the server 2 during periods when the load on the server 2 is expected to increase, as determined in advance.

[0059] With this configuration, cooling performance can be improved during periods when the load on server 2 increases. Therefore, cooling efficiency can be further improved.

[0060] In this embodiment, if the period during which the load on server 2 increases is longer than the time required to release all of the primary refrigerant R1 stored in tank 42 in the cooling storage mode, the cooling storage unit 11 is configured to use the primary refrigerant R1 stored in tank 42 in the cooling storage mode for cooling server 2 while cooling the primary refrigerant R1 with the refrigerator 20.

[0061] With this configuration, if the load on server 2 increases for an extended period, the time during which primary refrigerant R1 is released from tank 42 can be extended.

[0062] In this embodiment, the multiple cooling units 11 can be configured to have roughly the same operating time over a predetermined period.

[0063] With this configuration, the load can be evenly distributed among the multiple cooling units 11. Therefore, the cooling function of the server system 1 can be extended.

[0064] <Second Embodiment> Hereinafter, a server system 101 according to the second embodiment of this disclosure will be described with reference to Figures 8 to 11. Configurations common to the embodiments described above will be given the same names or reference numerals, and their descriptions will be omitted as appropriate.

[0065] As shown in Figure 8, in this embodiment, the cooling unit 10 is capable of directly cooling the server 2 with the primary refrigerant R1 without going through the intermediate unit 60. For this reason, in this embodiment, the main supply line 13 and the main return line 14 of each cooling unit 10 are directly connected to the multiple servers 2.

[0066] (Server System Operation Procedure) Next, an example of the operation procedure of the server system 101 according to this embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 10 to 12. Figures 10 to 12 illustrate an example of the operation mode of the server system 101. In the following diagrams showing an example of the operation mode of the server system 101, such as Figures 10 to 12, the open and closed states of the valves are shown. For example, valves in the open state are filled in, and valves in the closed state are not filled in. In the following, valves whose open or closed state is not described are assumed to be in the closed state. In this embodiment as well, the server system 101 is operated using the same procedure as in the first embodiment. For example, in this embodiment as well, the steps S10 to S16 shown in the flowchart in Figure 3 are repeated, similar to the first embodiment.

[0067] In this embodiment as well, a step (step S10) is performed in which information related to the operation of the server system 101 is acquired in advance by the acquisition unit 71.

[0068] After step S10, a step (step S11) is performed in which the cooling storage unit 11 is operated in cooling storage mode. In this embodiment, in step S11, for example as shown in Figure 9, the switching operation unit 72 switches the first cooling unit 10a to normal cooling mode and the second cooling unit 10b to cooling storage mode. In the example of Figure 9, in the first cooling unit 10a, all cooling heat source valves 35 are open, all main supply valves 15 are open, all main return valves 17 are open, all cooling storage valves 43 are closed, and the first branch valve 51 is closed. In the second cooling unit 10b, all cooling heat source valves 35 are open, the first main supply valve 15a and the third main supply valve 15c are closed, the second main supply valve 15b is open, all main return valves 17 are closed, all cooling storage valves 43 are open, and the first branch valve 51 is open.

[0069] After step S11, a determination is made (step S12) as to whether or not it is a time when the load on server 2 increases, and a determination is made (step S13) as to whether or not the operation of server 2 will end.

[0070] If it is a time period when the load on server 2 increases (for example, time period T2) (step S13; YES), the server system 101 operates the cooling unit 11 in cooling mode (step S14). In step S14, for example as shown in Figure 10, the switching operation unit 72 switches the first cooling unit 10a to cooling mode and the second cooling unit 10b to rapid cooling mode. In the example in Figure 10, in the first cooling unit 10a, all cooling heat source valves 35 are open, the first main supply valve 15a and the third main supply valve 15c are closed, the second main supply valve 15b is open, all main return valves 17 are closed, all cooling valves 43 are open, and the first branch valve 51 is open. Furthermore, in the second cooling unit 10b, all cooling heat source valves 35 are open, the first main supply valve 15a is closed, the second main supply valve 15b and the third main supply valve 15c are open, all main return valves 17 are open, all cold storage valves 43 are closed, and the first branch valve 51 is closed. In this way, in this embodiment as well, the second cooling unit 10b can use the primary refrigerant R1 stored in the tank 42 in cold storage mode to cool the server 2 during the time period when the load on the server 2 is expected to increase, as determined in advance.

[0071] After step S14, a determination is made (step S15) as to whether or not the load on server 2 decreases, and whether or not the operation of server 2 will end (step S16).

[0072] If it is a time period when the load on server 2 is reduced (for example, time period T3) (step S15; YES), the process returns to step S11, and the server system 101 operates the cooling unit 11 in cooling mode. During time period T3, for example as shown in Figure 11, the switching operation unit 72 switches the first cooling unit 10a to rapid cooling mode and then switches the first cooling unit 10a to cooling mode. In the example in Figure 11, in the first cooling unit 10a, all cooling heat source valves 35 are open, the first main supply valve 15a is closed, the second main supply valve 15b and the third main supply valve 15c are open, all main return valves 17 are open, all cooling valves 43 are closed, and the first branch valve 51 is closed. In addition, in the second cooling unit 10b, all cooling heat source valves 35 are open, the first main supply valve 15a and the third main supply valve 15c are closed, the second main supply valve 15b is open, all main return valves 17 are closed, all cold storage valves 43 are open, and the first branch valve 51 is open.

[0073] Thereafter, the server system 101 is operated by repeating the steps described above, similar to the first embodiment.

[0074] (Effects) In this embodiment, the same effects and advantages as in the above-described embodiment can be achieved with the same configuration. Furthermore, this embodiment can achieve the following effects and advantages.

[0075] In this embodiment, the cooling unit 10 is capable of directly cooling the server 2 with the primary refrigerant R1.

[0076] With this configuration, server 2 can be cooled directly without the need for a CDU or similar device. Therefore, it becomes possible to adjust the cooling performance more quickly in response to sudden increases or decreases in load.

[0077] <Third Embodiment> Hereinafter, a server system 201 according to the third embodiment of this disclosure will be described with reference to Figures 12 to 14. Configurations common to the embodiments described above will be given the same names or reference numerals, and their descriptions will be omitted as appropriate.

[0078] As shown in Figure 12, in this embodiment, of the multiple cooling systems, the first cooling system does not have a cold storage structure 240, while the second cooling system is a cold storage unit 211 equipped with a cold storage structure 240. The main line 12 of the first cooling system is directly connected to multiple servers 2, and the main line 12 of the second cooling system is connected to multiple servers 2 via the cold storage structure 240. In addition, each cooling system is provided with only two main supply valves 15. The second main supply valve 15b and the third main supply valve 15c in the above-described embodiment are provided.

[0079] (Cold Storage Structure) The cold storage structure 240 of this embodiment includes a cold storage line 241, a tank 244, a cold storage pump 245, and a cold storage valve 246.

[0080] (Cold Storage Line) In this embodiment, the cold storage line 241 circulates the primary refrigerant R1 between the tank 244 (described later) and the multiple servers 2. The cold storage line 241 includes a cold storage supply line 242 and a cold storage return line 243. The cold storage supply line 242 connects the tank 244 and the multiple servers 2. The cold storage supply line 242 guides the primary refrigerant R1 in the tank 244 to the multiple servers 2. The cold storage supply line 242 is provided as a first cold storage supply line 242a extending from the tank 244 and connected to one server 2, and a second cold storage supply line 242b that distributes the primary refrigerant R1 from the first cold storage supply line 242a to the remaining servers 2. The cold storage return line 243 connects the multiple servers 2 and the tank 244. The cold storage return line 243 returns at least a portion of the primary refrigerant R1 that has exchanged heat with the multiple servers 2 back to the tank 244. The cold storage return line 243 extends from the tank 244, branching out to each server 2.

[0081] (Tank) Tank 244 is provided to store the primary refrigerant R1 flowing through the main line 12. In this embodiment, tank 244 is installed near the server 2.

[0082] (Cold Storage Pump) The cold storage pump 245 is installed in the cold storage supply line 242 and sends the primary refrigerant R1 in the tank 244 to multiple servers 2.

[0083] (Cold Storage Valves) Multiple cold storage valves 246 are provided in the cold storage line 241. The cold storage valves 246 open and close the cold storage line 241. The multiple cold storage valves 246 include a first cold storage valve 246a and a second cold storage valve 246b. The first cold storage valve 246a is provided in the cold storage supply line 242 and opens and closes the cold storage supply line 242. A first cold storage valve 246a is provided for each server 2. The second cold storage valve 246b is provided in the cold storage return line 243 and opens and closes the cold storage return line 243. A second cold storage valve 246b is provided for each server 2.

[0084] (Server System Operation Procedure) Next, an example of the operation procedure of the server system 201 according to this embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 13 to 14. Figures 13 to 14 illustrate an example of the operation mode of the server system 201. In the following diagrams showing an example of the operation mode of the server system 201, such as Figures 13 to 14, the open and closed states of the valves are shown. For example, valves in the open state are filled in, and valves in the closed state are not filled in. In the following, valves whose open or closed state is not described are assumed to be in the closed state. In this embodiment as well, the server system 201 is operated using the same procedure as in the first embodiment. For example, in this embodiment as well, the steps S10 to S16 shown in the flowchart in Figure 3 are repeated, similar to the first embodiment.

[0085] In this embodiment as well, a step (step S10) is performed in which information relating to the operation of the server system 201 is acquired in advance by the acquisition unit 71.

[0086] After step S10, a step (step S11) is performed in which the cooling storage unit 211 is operated in cooling storage mode. In this embodiment, in step S11, for example as shown in Figure 13, the switching operation unit 72 switches the first cooling unit 210a to cooling mode and the second cooling unit 210b to cooling storage mode. In the example of Figure 13, in the first cooling unit 210a, all cooling heat source valves 35 are open, all main supply valves 15 are open, and all main return valves 17 are open. In the second cooling unit 210b, all cooling heat source valves 35 are open, all main supply valves 15 are open, all main return valves 17 are open, and all cooling storage valves 246 are closed.

[0087] After step S11, a determination is made (step S12) as to whether or not it is a time when the load on server 2 increases, and a determination is made (step S13) as to whether or not the operation of server 2 will end.

[0088] If it is a time period when the load on server 2 increases (for example, time period T2) (step S13; YES), the server system 201 operates the cooling unit 211 in cooling mode (step S14). In step S14, for example as shown in Figure 14, the switching operation unit 72 switches the first cooling unit 210a to non-cooling mode and the second cooling unit 210b to rapid cooling mode. In non-cooling mode, the operation of the cooling unit 210 may be stopped, or the primary refrigerant R1 may be circulated within the cooling unit 210 so that the cooling energy of the primary refrigerant R1 is not used to cool server 2. In the example in Figure 14, all valves (cooling heat source valve 35, main supply valve 15, main return valve 17) in the first cooling unit 210a are closed. Furthermore, in the second cooling unit 210b, all of the storage valves 246 are open, and all valves other than the storage valves 246 (cooling heat source valve 35, main supply valve 15, main return valve 17) are closed. In this way, in this embodiment as well, the second cooling unit 210b can use the primary refrigerant R1 stored in the tank 244 in storage mode to cool the server 2 during the time period when the load on the server 2 is expected to increase, as determined in advance.

[0089] After step S14, a determination is made (step S15) as to whether or not the load on server 2 decreases, and whether or not the operation of server 2 will end (step S16).

[0090] If it is a time period when the load on server 2 is reduced (for example, time period T3) (step S15; YES), the process returns to step S11, and the server system 201 operates the cooling unit 211 in cooling mode. In time period T3, as in time period T1, the switching operation unit 72 switches the operating mode. For example, as shown in Figure 13, the switching operation unit 72 switches the first cooling unit 210a to cooling mode and the second cooling unit 210b to cooling mode.

[0091] Thereafter, the server system 201 is operated by repeating the steps described above, similar to the first embodiment.

[0092] (Effects) In this embodiment, the same effects and advantages as in the above-described embodiment can be achieved with the same configuration. Furthermore, this embodiment can achieve the following effects and advantages.

[0093] In this embodiment, the tank 244 is installed near the server 2.

[0094] With this configuration, the time it takes for the cooling energy of the primary refrigerant R1 in the tank 244 to be supplied to the server 2 can be further shortened.

[0095] (Other Embodiments) Although embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail above with reference to the drawings, the specific configuration is not limited to these embodiments and may include design changes and the like that do not depart from the gist of the present disclosure.

[0096] For example, the embodiments described above described a case in which server systems 1, 101, and 201 have multiple servers 2, but the system is not limited to this. Only one server 2 may be provided.

[0097] <Hardware Configuration> The control device 70 of the above embodiments and modified examples is implemented in the computer 1100 shown in Figure 15. Figure 15 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of the computer 1100 according to each embodiment. The computer 1100 includes a processor 1110, a main memory 1120, a storage 1130, and an interface 1140.

[0098] The operation of each of the above-mentioned functional units of the control device 70 is stored in the storage 1130 in the form of a program. The processor 1110 reads the program from the storage 1130, loads it into the main memory 1120, and executes the above-mentioned process according to the program. The processor 1110 also allocates storage space in the main memory 1120 according to the program.

[0099] The program may be for implementing a part of the functions that the computer 1100 is to perform. For example, the program may perform functions in combination with other programs already stored in the storage 1130, or in combination with other programs implemented in other devices. In addition to the above configuration, or in place of the above configuration, the computer 1100 may also be equipped with a custom LSI (Large Scale Integrated Circuit) such as a PLD (Programmable Logic Device). Examples of PLDs include PAL (Programmable Array Logic), GAL (Generic Array Logic), CPLD (Complex Programmable Logic Device), and FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array). In this case, some or all of the functions implemented by the processor 1110 may be implemented by the integrated circuit.

[0100] Examples of storage 1130 include magnetic disks, magneto-optical disks, and semiconductor memory. Storage 1130 may be an internal medium directly connected to the bus of computer 1100, or an external medium connected to computer 1100 via interface 1140 or a communication line. Furthermore, if this program is distributed to computer 1100 via a communication line, computer 1100 that receives the distribution may expand the program into main memory 1120 and execute the above processing. Storage 1130 may also be a tangible storage medium that is not temporary.

[0101] Furthermore, the program may be intended to implement some of the functions described above. In addition, the program may be a so-called differential file (differential program) that implements the functions described above in combination with other programs already stored in the storage 1130.

[0102] <Note> The server systems 1, 101, and 201 described in each embodiment can be understood, for example, as follows.

[0103] (1) The server systems 1, 101, 201 of the first embodiment include a server 2 and a plurality of cooling units 10, 210 having a refrigerator 20 for cooling a refrigerant for cooling the server 2, wherein at least one of the cooling units 10, 210 is a cold storage unit 11, 211 further having tanks 42, 244 capable of storing the refrigerant, and the cold storage unit 11, 211 is switchable between a cold storage mode in which the refrigerant is circulated between the refrigerator 20 and the tanks 42, 244 to store the refrigerant in the tanks 42, 244 and a cooling mode in which the refrigerant is used to cool the server 2. In the above embodiment, the refrigerant of the cooling units 10, 210 is described as the primary refrigerant R1.

[0104] With this configuration, if the amount of heat generated increases rapidly, the refrigerant stored in tanks 42 and 244 in the cooling storage mode is released, allowing the server 2 to be cooled without reducing its processing speed. Therefore, the cooling efficiency can be improved.

[0105] (2) The server systems 1, 101, 201 of the second embodiment are the server systems 1, 101, 201 of (1), further comprising an intermediate unit 60 that adjusts the cooling and heating of the refrigerant flowing through the cooling units 10, 210 and transmits it to the server 2.

[0106] With this configuration, the intermediate unit 60 can adjust the amount of cooling supplied to the server 2. An example of the intermediate unit 60 is a unit that includes the cooling distribution unit 61 (CDU) described above.

[0107] (3) The server systems 1, 101, 201 of the third embodiment are the server systems 1, 101, 201 of (1), wherein the cooling units 10, 210 may be capable of directly cooling the server 2 with the refrigerant.

[0108] With this configuration, server 2 can be cooled directly without the need for a CDU or similar device. Therefore, it becomes possible to adjust the cooling performance more quickly in response to sudden increases or decreases in load.

[0109] (4) The server systems 1, 101, 201 of the fourth embodiment are any one of the server systems 1, 101, 201 of (1) to (3), wherein the refrigerant storage units 11, 211 may be made available for cooling the server 2 during periods when the load on the server 2 is expected to increase, as determined in advance.

[0110] With this configuration, cooling performance can be improved during periods when the load on server 2 increases. Therefore, cooling efficiency can be further improved.

[0111] (5) The server systems 1, 101, 201 of the fifth embodiment are the server systems 1, 101, 201 of (4), and if the period during which the load on the server 2 increases is longer than the time required to release all of the refrigerant stored in the tanks 42, 244 in the cooling mode, the cooling units 11, 211 may be configured to use the refrigerant stored in the tanks 42, 244 in the cooling mode for cooling the server 2 while cooling the refrigerant with the refrigerator 20.

[0112] With this configuration, if the load on server 2 increases for an extended period, the time during which refrigerant is released from tanks 42 and 244 can be extended.

[0113] (6) The server systems 1, 101, 201 of the sixth embodiment are any one of the server systems 1, 101, 201 of (1) to (5), wherein a plurality of the cooling units 11, 211 are provided, and the plurality of cooling units 11, 211 can be set to have roughly the same operating time over a predetermined period.

[0114] With this configuration, the load can be evenly distributed among the multiple cooling units 11 and 211. Therefore, the cooling function of the server systems 1, 101 and 201 can be extended.

[0115] (7) The server systems 1, 101, 201 of the seventh embodiment are any one of the server systems 1, 101, 201 of (1) to (6), wherein the tanks 42, 244 may be installed near the server 2.

[0116] With this configuration, the time it takes for the refrigerant in tanks 42 and 244 to be supplied to server 2 can be further reduced.

[0117] According to the server system of this disclosure, cooling efficiency can be improved.

[0118] 1 Server System 2 Server 10 Cooling Unit 10a First Cooling Unit 10b Second Cooling Unit 11 Thermal Storage Unit 12 Main Line 13 Main Supply Line 14 Main Return Line 15 Main Supply Valve 15a First Main Supply Valve 15b Second Main Supply Valve 15c Third Main Supply Valve 16 Main Pump 17 Main Return Valve 17a First Main Return Valve 17b Second Main Return Valve 20 Refrigeration Unit 21 Refrigeration Cycle Line 22 Evaporator 23 Compressor 24 Condenser 25 Expander 30 Cooling Heat Source Unit 31 Cooling Heat Source Machine 32 Cooling Heat Source Line 33 Cooling Heat Source Supply Line 34 Cooling Heat Source Return Line 35 Cooling Heat Source Valve 35a Cooling Heat Source Supply Valve 35b Cooling Heat Source Return Valve 36 Cooling Heat Source Pump 40 Thermal Storage Structure 41 Cooling line 42 Tank 43 Cooling valve 43a First cooling valve 43b Second cooling valve 50 First branch line 51 First branch valve 52 Second branch line 53 Second branch valve 54 Third branch line 55 Third branch valve 60 Intermediate unit 61 Cooling distribution unit 62 Distribution line 63 Distribution supply line 64 Distribution return line 65 Distribution pump 70 Control device 71 Acquisition unit 72 Switching operation unit 73 Judgment unit 74 Setting unit 101 Server system 201 Server system 210 Cooling unit 210a First cooling unit 210b Second cooling unit 211 Cooling unit 240 Cooling structure unit 241 Cooling line 242 Cooling supply line 242a First cooling supply line 242b Second cooling supply line 243 244 Cold storage return line Tank 245 Cold storage pump 246 Cold storage valve 246a First cold storage valve 246b Second cold storage valve 1100 Computer 1110 Processor 1120 Main memory 1130 Storage 1140 Interface R1 Primary refrigerant (refrigerant) R2 Secondary refrigerant

Claims

1. A server system comprising: a server; and a plurality of cooling units, each having a refrigerator for cooling a refrigerant used to cool the server, wherein at least one of the cooling units is a cold storage unit further having a tank capable of storing the refrigerant, and the cold storage unit is switchable between a cold storage mode in which the refrigerant is circulated between the refrigerator and the tank to store the refrigerant in the tank, and a cooling mode in which the refrigerant is used to cool the server.

2. The server system according to claim 1, further comprising an intermediate unit that adjusts the cooling and heating of the refrigerant flowing through the cooling unit and transmits it to the server.

3. The server system according to claim 1, wherein the cooling unit is capable of directly cooling the server with the refrigerant.

4. The server system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cooling unit is configured to make the refrigerant stored in the tank in the cooling mode available for cooling the server during periods when the server load is expected to increase, as determined in advance.

5. The server system according to claim 4, wherein if the period during which the server load increases is longer than the time required to release all of the refrigerant stored in the tank in the cooling mode, the cooling unit makes the refrigerant stored in the tank in the cooling mode available for cooling the server while the refrigerant is cooled by the chiller.

6. The server system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a plurality of cooling units are provided, and the plurality of cooling units can be set to have roughly the same operating time over a predetermined period.

7. The server system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the tank is installed in the vicinity of the server.

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