Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure comprises: a reception unit that receives configuration information relating to synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) for sensing, and receives one or more SSB bursts including a plurality of SSBs for sensing; and a control unit that measures the SSBs for sensing. Beam sweeping is applied to the plurality of SSBs within the one SSB burst, or beam sweeping is applied between different SSB bursts. Sensing / speed estimation using SSBs can be appropriately performed.

Description

Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

[0001] This disclosure relates to terminals, wireless communication methods, and base stations in next-generation mobile communication systems.

[0002] In the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network, Long Term Evolution (LTE) was specified with the aim of achieving even higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Literature 1). Furthermore, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) was specified with the aim of further increasing the capacity and sophistication of LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP®) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (for example, 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 and later) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010

[0005] In future wireless communication systems, the use of Synchronization Signal Blocks (SSBs) for sensing and speed estimation is being considered.

[0006] However, the settings and definitions for SSB / SSB bursts used for sensing / velocity estimation have not been sufficiently considered. This may result in reduced accuracy of sensing / velocity estimation using SSB.

[0007] Therefore, one of the objectives of this disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that can appropriately perform sensing / speed estimation using SSB.

[0008] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a receiving unit that receives setting information relating to sensing Synchronization Signal Blocks (SSBs) and receives one or more SSB bursts containing multiple sensing SSBs, and a control unit that measures the sensing SSBs, characterized in that beam sweeping is applied to multiple SSBs within one SSB burst, or beam sweeping is applied between different SSB bursts.

[0009] According to one aspect of this disclosure, sensing / velocity estimation using SSB can be appropriately performed.

[0010] Figures 1A and 1B show examples of monostatic sensing scenarios in BS or UE. Figures 2A and 2B show examples of bistatic sensing scenarios between BS or between UE. Figures 3A and 3B show examples of bistatic sensing scenarios between BS and UE or between UE. Figure 4 shows the definitions of CPI and PRT. Figure 5A shows an example of an SSB pattern for policy 1. Figure 5B shows an example of an SSB pattern for policy 2. Figure 6 shows an example of option A in embodiment 1-2. Figure 7 shows an example of option B in embodiment 1-2. Figure 8 shows an example of option C in embodiment 1-2. Figure 9 is a table showing the time positions of candidate SSBs for option 1 in the second embodiment. Figures 10A and 10B show examples of SSB arrangements for case A of option 1 in the second embodiment. Figure 11 is a table showing the time positions of candidate SSBs for option 2 in the second embodiment. Figures 12A and 12B show an example of SSB arrangement for case A of option 2 in the second embodiment. Figure 13A shows an example where a joint block index is set for two sensing SSB bursts. Figure 13B shows an example where independent block indexes are set for two sensing SSB bursts. Figure 14 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. Figure 15 shows an example of a base station configuration according to one embodiment. Figure 16 shows an example of a user terminal configuration according to one embodiment. Figure 17 shows an example of a hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. Figure 18 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment.

[0011] The motivation for integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) is to achieve high sensing performance and novel / enhanced services by using various frequencies and cellular network equipment, and to optimize network parameters by analyzing real-time sensing data. Use cases and potential requirements for extending 5G systems to provide sensing services to address multiple different target industries / applications are being considered, and some use cases may include non-3GPP type (non-wireless communication type) sensors (e.g., radar, cameras).

[0012] For example, Use Case 1 is sensing for traffic management in tourist areas. For example, Use Case 2 is intruder detection in a smart home environment.

[0013] ISAC (Information-Assisted Communication) is being considered, specifically sensing-assisted communication and communication-assisted sensing. Sensing-assisted communication includes sensing-assisted beam management and sensing-assisted resource allocation. Communication-assisted sensing includes network sensing and coordinated sensing. To realize these, waveforms, beamforming, artificial intelligence (AI) / deep learning (DL) operating radio access technology (RAT), frame structure, and reference signals are being considered. In addition, shared spectrum, hardware, and algorithms for ISAC, such as higher frequency bands, larger antenna arrays, and similar signal processing algorithms for communication and sensing, are being considered.

[0014] In ISAC, challenges include unified waveforms that simultaneously satisfy the requirements of communication (e.g., OFDM signals) and sensing (e.g., chirp signals), ISAC beamforming that simultaneously achieves communication (e.g., transmitted signals, received signals), sensing (e.g., echo signals, transmitted signals, reflected signals), and interference suppression between them, and CSI mining by AI, which extracts sensing information from channel information of communication (e.g., UL transmitted signals) and radar (e.g., DL radar signals) using an AI / DL network.

[0015] Based on whether the communication and radar (sensing) systems share hardware / bands, three types of radar and communication systems are considered. These three types are independent radar and communication systems (independent systems), joint radar and communication systems (joint systems), and integrated radar and communication systems (integrated systems). The following discussion will focus on ISAC systems, where hardware and bands are shared between the radar and communication systems.

[0016] (Wireless Sensing) Wireless sensing based on communication radio waves is a key means of enabling the prospect of 6G cyber-physical systems (CPS). ISAC can be realized by 5G-advanced(A) and 6G, with the development of higher frequencies and wider bandwidths. The design of ISAC waveforms and sensing reference signals (RS) is a key technology for realizing wireless sensing.

[0017] Use cases for ISAC include the metaverse, high altitude platform station (HAPS) sensing, and crowd estimation. HAPS can be an aircraft at an altitude of around 20 km and can be used in non-terrestrial networks (NTN).

[0018] HAPS sensing enables ultra-remote distance sensing using echo signals, based on the support of communication functions. Considering that the sensing distance depends on the intensity of the echo signal, extremely low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) sensing or sensing sequence is required to improve the SNR of the echo signal under given transmit power.

[0019] (Sensing Modes / Methods) Conventional communication systems include communication between one BS (base station, gNB) and one UE, and joint transmission between multiple BS and one UE. Conventional radar systems include monostatic radar, where one radar transmits a radar signal and that radar receives echoes from the sensing target, and bistatic / multistatic radar, where one radar transmits a radar signal and one or more radars receive echoes from the sensing target.

[0020] An independent system uses separate hardware and separate frequency bands for radar and communications. The separate hardware may be installed in the same location or in separate locations.

[0021] A joint system uses the same hardware for radar and communications, but with separate frequency bands.

[0022] A unified system uses the same hardware and the same frequency band for radar and communications.

[0023] Sensing in the ISAC system can be achieved by one of the following sensing methods: ◇ Monostatic sensing: Monostatic sensing using the idea of ​​monostatic radar. This sensing method requires one BS or one UE and performs sensing using echo signals. In this sensing method, there is no coordination between BS-BS, UE-UE, or BS-UE. A use case for this sensing method is, for example, terahertz imaging. ◇ Bistatic sensing / multistatic sensing: Bistatic sensing / multistatic sensing using bistatic radar / multistatic radar. This sensing method requires two or more BS or two or more UE and performs sensing using reflected signals. A use case for this sensing method is, for example, positioning. ◇ UE-assisted sensing: UE-assisted sensing (sensing aided by UE) using the idea of ​​NR positioning. This sensing method requires a BS and UE and performs sensing using communication (UL / DL) signals. The existing 5G NR framework operates within this sensing method. This sensing method requires a UE, and both line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) sensing require high computational complexity. A use case for this sensing method is, for example, breath monitoring.

[0024] [Monostatic Sensing] This sensing method includes BS (gNB) monostatic sensing (Figure 1A) and UE monostatic sensing (Figure 1B).

[0025] A scenario suitable for monostatic sensing has the following characteristics: ◇ The sensing target is located near the sensing BS / UE and requires a high or moderate SNR for the echo signal. ◇ The target does not need to have communication capabilities.

[0026] The capability requirements for monostatic sensing have the following characteristics: ◇ High capability is required for full duplex in BS or UE.

[0027] Monostatic sensing has the following characteristics: ◇ Higher accuracy due to the absence of quantization. ◇ Accuracy is related to the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the echo signal. ◇ Low latency.

[0028] [Bistatic Sensing / Multistatic Sensing] This sensing method includes bistatic sensing from BS to BS (gNB-gNB, BS-BS, BS1-BS2, gNB-to-gNB, gNB1-to-gNB2) (Figure 2A), bistatic sensing from UE to BS (UE-gNB, UE-BS, UE-to-gNB) (Figure 2B), bistatic sensing from BS to UE (gNB-UE, BS-UE, gNB-to-UE) (Figure 3A), and bistatic sensing from UE to UE (UE-UE, UE1-UE2, UE-to-UE, UE1-to-UE2) (Figure 3B).

[0029] Scenarios suitable for BS-BS bistatic sensing have the following characteristics: ◇ Close synchronization and coordination between BSs are required, and scheduling coordination between multiple BSs is necessary. ◇ The target does not need to have communication capabilities.

[0030] The capability requirements for BS-BS bistatic sensing have the following characteristics: ◇ Because it is half-duplex, it can be implemented even with low capability. ◇ High capability is required for synchronization between BSs.

[0031] The performance of BS-BS bistatic sensing has the following characteristics. ◇Higher accuracy is achieved by not using quantization. ◇Accuracy is related to the SNR of the echo signal. ◇Latency is moderate.

[0032] Scenarios suitable for UE-BS bistatic sensing, BS-UE bistatic sensing, and UE-UE bistatic sensing have the following characteristics. ◇It requires that there are communication UEs around the target.

[0033] Capability requirements for UE-BS bistatic sensing have the following characteristics. ◇Due to half duplex, implementation can be achieved even with low capability. ◇High UE positioning accuracy is required.

[0034] Capability requirements for BS-UE bistatic sensing and UE-UE bistatic sensing have the following characteristics. ◇Due to half duplex, implementation can be achieved even with low capability. ◇UEs are required to have sufficient computing resources and high accuracy for reflected signal detection. ◇High UE positioning accuracy is required.

[0035] The performance of UE-BS bistatic sensing, BS-UE bistatic sensing, and UE-UE bistatic sensing has the following characteristics. ◇Due to quantization of feedback values, accuracy is moderate. ◇Accuracy is related to allocated resources and UE position. ◇Latency is long.

[0036] In each embodiment described below, the following scenarios and assumptions may be used. ◇In the ISAC scenario, both communication and sensing functions are required. ◇For the sake of low complexity and backward compatibility, TDD (half duplex) instead of full duplex may be assumed at BSs and UEs.

[0037] In a TDD-based ISAC system, it is preferable that a sensing signal and a reflected / echo signal are transmitted and received on different time resources. For example, in BS-based sensing including monostatic BS sensing and bistatic sensing from BS1 to BS2, the sensing signal is preferably transmitted in DL time resources, and the reflected / echo signal is preferably received in UL time resources. For example, in UE-based sensing including monostatic UE sensing and bistatic sensing from UE1 to UE2, the sensing signal is preferably transmitted in UL time resources, and the reflected / echo signal is preferably received in DL time resources. For bistatic sensing from a BS to a UE, it is preferable that DL time resources are used for sensing. For bistatic sensing from a UE to a BS, it is preferable that UL time resources are used for sensing.

[0038] (Reference Signal for Sensing) For sensing, for example, RS extended for sensing and RS dedicated for sensing can be used as candidates. For example, for each of DL and UL, the use of the following RS for sensing is under consideration. DL: (Extended) CSI-RS / PRS / SSB for sensing, RS dedicated for sensing, etc. UL: (Extended) SRS dedicated for sensing, RS dedicated for sensing, etc.

[0039] It is under consideration that RS dedicated for sensing (pattern / burst) and extended CSI-RS / PRS (burst) are designed for sensing. Other RS candidates such as SSB may also be extended for sensing.

[0040] <Characteristics of SSB (SS / PBCH Block)> For example, the use of SSB for sensing is under consideration. One SSB, together with its associated DMRS, occupies four OFDM symbols for PSS / SSS / PBCH. Time position candidates for multiple SSBs (e.g., 4, 8, 64) in one burst are predefined for various cases related to SCS and carrier frequency.

[0041] Multiple SSBs within a burst are assumed to undergo beam sweeping, while SSBs with the same index in different bursts are assumed to undergo the same beamforming. The network can determine the number and index of the transmit SSBs within a burst. For example, in FR1, the network may determine a bitmap instruction for 4 or 8 SSBs, and in FR2, it may determine a bitmap instruction for 64 SSBs, or a group instruction (8 groups, each with 8 SSBs) to reduce SIB overhead.

[0042] (Velocity Estimation) Velocity estimation requires observation and measurement of a sensing signal / RS (e.g., SSB) over a certain period. For example, the resolution and accuracy of velocity are determined by the coherent pulse interval (CPI). Velocity should be constant during the CPI. The maximum clear velocity is determined by the pulse repetition time (PRT).

[0043] Figure 4 shows the definitions of CPI and PRT. Multiple pulses within a single CPI (e.g., RS resources) can be defined as a single burst. CPI and PRT are used to determine velocity estimation performance and overhead.

[0044] For example, uniform and non-uniform PRTs may be applied within a burst. A non-uniform PRT may be able to achieve equivalent velocity / Doppler estimation performance while significantly reducing RS overhead. A non-uniform PRT may be used to enhance the Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) for sensing.

[0045] (Analysis) The use of Synchronization Signal Blocks (SSBs) for sensing and speed estimation is being considered in future wireless communication systems. SSBs are a candidate sensing signal for 5G-A and 6G.

[0046] However, the settings and definitions for SSB / SSB bursts used for sensing / velocity estimation have not been sufficiently considered. This may result in reduced accuracy of sensing / velocity estimation using SSB.

[0047] For example, SSB bursts can be used for rough angle / distance estimation. For instance, angle estimation by beam sweeping within a single burst may be supported. Rough distance estimation by narrowband PSS / SSS may also be supported.

[0048] For example, by beam sweeping within a single burst, velocity estimation may be performed based only on SSBs of the same index within different bursts. For instance, SSB #0 in burst #0 and SSB #0 in burst #1 may be the same beamforming and used for velocity estimation. In this case, a longer duration of the SSB burst results in higher velocity resolution. However, a longer period of the SSB burst may result in a lower maximum clear velocity.

[0049] Therefore, the inventors conceived of a method that can appropriately perform sensing / velocity estimation using SSB.

[0050] The embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Each wireless communication method according to the embodiments may be applied individually or in combination.

[0051] (Various substitutions) In this disclosure, words enclosed in parentheses () may indicate an explanation of the preceding word (e.g., an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, or supplementary explanation. Also, in this disclosure, words enclosed in square brackets [] may be interpreted as part of the overall meaning of the text, or they may be interpreted as being excluded (ignored). Note that parentheses () and square brackets [] may be used for purposes / meanings other than those described above.

[0052] In this disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0053] In this disclosure, terms such as notice, activate, deactivate, indicate (or specify), select, configure, update, and determine may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and capable of operating may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0054] In this disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher-layer parameters, fields, Information Elements (IE), settings, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, Medium Access Control elements (MAC Control Elements (CE)), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0055] In this disclosure, the upper layer signaling may be any or a combination thereof, such as Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, and other messages (e.g., messages from the core network, such as positioning protocol messages (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages).

[0056] In this disclosure, MAC signaling may include, for example, MAC Control Elements (MAC CEs) and MAC Protocol Data Units (PDUs). Broadcast information may include, for example, Master Information Blocks (MIBs), System Information Blocks (SIBs), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSIs), and Other System Information (OSIs).

[0057] In this disclosure, physical layer signaling may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI).

[0058] In this disclosure, terms such as drop, suspend, cancel, puncture, rate match, postpone, and not send may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0059] In this disclosure, resource sets, bursts, groups, lists, sets, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. SSB bursts, bursts, RS bursts, sensing bursts, sensing RS bursts, sensing RS, sensing resources, sensing resource patterns, resource patterns, and sensing signals may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0060] Being supported / configured / directed, receiving configuration / direction information, and reporting / transmitting capability information indicating support may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. Being supported / configured / directed may also mean that the UE is supported / configured / directed by the NW (base station).

[0061] In this disclosure, SSB index and block index may be interpreted interchangeably. SSB and SSB burst may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0062] (Wireless communication method) Each embodiment may be subject to the sensing methods shown in Figures 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 3A, and 3B. In each figure, the sensing signal transmitted to the target and the echo signal reflected from the target may be SSB. In each embodiment, UE may be interpreted as a base station (gNB).

[0063] <Policy> The UE may receive configuration information regarding sensing SSBs, receive one or more SSB bursts containing multiple sensing SSBs, measure the sensing SSBs, and report the measurement results. This configuration information may include some or all of the configuration information regarding communication SSBs. Various settings regarding sensing SSBs in this disclosure may be included in this configuration information.

[0064] To achieve good performance in velocity / Doppler estimation, we consider two approaches to SSB [burst] extension in sensing. The SSB [burst] in this disclosure may be based on either approach 1 or approach 2 below.

[0065] <<Policy 1>> Beam sweeping is applied to multiple SSBs within a single [sensing] SSB burst. SSBs with the same index in different bursts are used for velocity / Doppler estimation. This allows for a reduction in the period (number) of [sensing] SSB bursts to support a larger maximum clear velocity. Note that the SSB bursts in Policy 1 may be dedicated to sensing or may be used for both sensing and communication.

[0066] Figure 5A shows an example of an SSB pattern according to policy 1. In Figure 5A, different beams are used for multiple SSBs within a single burst. In other words, beam sweeping is applied within a single burst. The SSB burst period corresponds to the PRT.

[0067] In Figure 5A, the same SSB index is assigned to each burst. This means that the same beamforming may be used for each burst, or each burst may have a QCL relationship with respect to Doppler diffusion / shift (for estimating the velocity of the sensing target).

[0068] <<Policy 2>> Beam sweeping is not applied to a single [sensing] SSB burst. However, beam sweeping may be applied between different [sensing] SSB bursts. The SSB within a single burst is used for velocity / Doppler estimation. This allows for a longer duration for a single [sensing] SSB burst, improving the resolution / accuracy of faster velocity estimation. Note that because this differs significantly from SSB bursts in conventional communication systems, the extended SSB bursts in Policy #2 may be used exclusively for sensing.

[0069] Figure 5B shows an example of an SSB pattern for policy 2. In Figure 5B, the same beam is used for multiple SSBs within a single burst. In other words, beam sweeping is not applied within a single burst. The SSB burst duration corresponds to CPI. The SSB pattern (SSB interval within the burst) corresponds to PRT.

[0070] In Figure 5B, the same beamforming may be used for each SSB within a single burst, or each SSB within a single burst may have a QCL relationship with respect to Doppler diffusion / shift (for estimating the velocity of the sensing target).

[0071] <First Embodiment> In the first embodiment, beam sweeping may be performed on multiple SSBs within a single sensing SSB burst (Policy 1). SSBs with quasi co-located (QCL) Doppler spread / shift (e.g., SSBs in multiple bursts with the same block index) may be used for velocity estimation.

[0072] In this embodiment, the maximum clear velocity may be determined by the period of the SSB burst. A smaller period is required to increase the maximum clear velocity.

[0073] UE / gNB may use SSB bursts of the same or different periods for sensing and communication.

[0074] <<Embodiment 1-1>> One or more sets of SSB burst periods may be set / defined for the sensing SSB and the communication SSB. The UE may set a smaller period for the sensing SSB burst than for the communication / conventional SSB burst (e.g., 1 ms, 2.5 ms, etc.).

[0075] <<<Option 1>>> A single set of SSB burst periods may be set / defined for both the sensing SSB and the communication SSB. This can reduce the overhead of configuration. For example, SSB bursts may be set / supported with periods {0.5ms, 1ms, 2.5ms, 5ms, 10ms, 20ms, 80ms, 160ms}. The UE may set the same or different periods for sensing and communication from a single (common) set.

[0076] <<<Option 2>>> Multiple SSB burst periods may be set for at least one of sensing and communication, different sensing requirements / use cases / scenarios / measurements, etc. For example, the SSB burst periods for communication may be set from {5ms, 10ms, 20ms, 40ms, 80ms, 160ms}, and the SSB burst periods for sensing may be set from {0.5ms, 1ms, 2.5ms, 5ms, 10ms, 20ms}.

[0077] For example, if the UE is configured to measure velocity / Doppler in SSB bursts, the following three periods may be defined / set depending on the target's mobility / movement speed: • For targets with high mobility, the period may be set from the set {0.5 ms, 1 ms, 2.5 ms, 5 ms}. • For targets with moderate mobility, the period may be set from the set {1 ms, 2.5 ms, 5 ms, 10 ms}. • For sensing use cases of stationary targets, the period may be set from the set {20 ms, 40 ms, 80 ms, 160 ms}.

[0078] In other words, the UE may set smaller periods [or sets] the higher the target's mobility (movement speed).

[0079] Furthermore, the network may determine the number and period of SSBs based on the UE / gNB implementation, regardless of certain constraints in the specification (e.g., minimum / maximum allowable period). For example, if multiple sensing use cases exist, even if multiple sets of periods are defined, the network may transmit a single sensing SSB with a common period selected from the multiple sets for multiple sensing requirements / use cases.

[0080] <<Embodiment 1-2>> If the UE is configured to monitor / measure SSB bursts for both sensing and communication, one or two SSB bursts / periods may be configured.

[0081] <<<Option A>>> The UE provides / configures one (common) SSB burst and one (common) period for both sensing and communication. In this case, since there is only one SSB burst configuration, the system design is simplified. If an extended (sensing) SSB / period design is not supported / defined, the conventional SSB and periodic design for communication may be reused for sensing.

[0082] Figure 6 shows an example of Option A in Embodiment 1-2. In the example in Figure 6, beam sweeping is performed within one SSB burst. The SSBs in one SSB burst are assigned the same SSB index as the SSBs in other SSB bursts. That is, the SSBs in one SSB burst may use the same beamforming as the SSBs in other SSB bursts, or they may be QCL with respect to Doppler diffusion / shift (for example, for velocity estimation of a sensing target).

[0083] <<<Option B>>> The UE provides / configures separate SSB bursts for sensing and communication (i.e., a total of two SSB bursts / periods). In this case, new features related to the sensing SSB burst (e.g., the design of each embodiment) can be configured to achieve better performance.

[0084] Variation: The UE may be configured to measure / monitor both sensing and communication SSB bursts. In this case, the type / combination of measurements may be optional.

[0085] For example, SSB burst 1 with a period of 15 ms is set up for communication. SSB burst 2 with a period of 10 milliseconds is set up for sensing. The UE monitors the SSB bursts at time positions {10 ms * X (X = 0, 1, ...)} ∪ {15 ms * Y (Y = 0, 1, ...)}, i.e., {0 ms, 10 ms, 15 ms, 20 ms, 30 ms, ...}.

[0086] If two SSB bursts collide in the time domain, the UE may monitor / measure one SSB burst based on predefined / configured priorities for sensing and communication, or based on settings / instructions from the NW.

[0087] Figure 7 shows an example of Option B in Embodiment 1-2. In the example in Figure 7, different periods are set for the SSB burst for communication and the SSB burst for sensing. The same period / time gap may be set for the SSB burst for communication and the SSB burst for sensing. For example, sensing with an SSB burst occupies less time resources.

[0088] If two SSB bursts overlap in time, the UE will only receive (transmit) the SSB with the higher priority. For example, in the example in Figure 7, the SSB burst for communication is given a higher priority than the SSB burst for sensing. The UE receives (transmits) the SSB burst for communication, and the SSB burst for sensing is dropped.

[0089] If the communication SSB [burst] and the sensing SSB [burst] overlap in time, the UE, by default (unless specific settings / instructions are received), may prioritize monitoring / measuring the communication (or sensing) SSB and drop the sensing (or communication) SSB.

[0090] <<<Option C>>> Additional SSB bursts [for communication / sensing] with shorter periods / time intervals may be set after each longer-period [for sensing / communication] SSB burst. The UE may set / instruct the number of SSB bursts added after each SSB burst (e.g., a conventional SSB burst) and the period / time gap between the SSB bursts. This helps to avoid collisions between communication SSB bursts and sensing SSB bursts.

[0091] For example, an SSB burst with a period of 20 milliseconds is set up for communication, and five additional SSB bursts with a period of 1 millisecond are set up for sensing. In this case, the UE monitors the SSB burst at time position {20 ms * X + 1 ms * Y}. If X = 0, 1, 2, ..., and Y = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, the UE monitors the SSB burst at {0 ms, 1 ms, 2 ms, 3 ms, 4 ms, 5 ms, 20 ms, 21 ms, 22 ms, 23 ms, 24 ms, 25 ms, ...}.

[0092] Figure 8 shows an example of option C in Embodiment 1-2. In Figure 8, one SSB burst with a period of 20 milliseconds for communication is transmitted, followed by three SSB bursts with a period of 1 millisecond for sensing.

[0093] <<<Option D>>> By default, only SSB for communication is transmitted. On-demand (as requested by UE / gNB) / aperiodic SSB for sensing may be transmitted, or the communication SSB may be adapted for sensing.

[0094] If an on-demand / aperiodic SSB transmission for sensing is triggered by the UE / gNB, additional SSBs may be transmitted for sensing. In this case, options D and options B and C may be applied in combination.

[0095] When an on-demand / aperiodic, sensing-adapted SSB transmission is triggered by a UE / gNB, the parameters of the SSB [for communication] may be reconfigured for sensing. For example, the parameters may include parameters relating to at least one of the periodic transmission of the SSB (first embodiment), the SSB pattern (second embodiment), or the QCL relationship (third embodiment). For example, if a 20-millisecond periodic transmission is configured, a 5-millisecond periodic transmission may occur after the trigger. Alternatively, the sensing parameters of the SSB may be preconfigured by RRC signaling or the like and activated as needed by MAC CE / DCI or the like.

[0096] In either the case of an SSB transmission for sensing or an SSB transmission adapted for sensing, the UE may be able to receive transmit / activate and deactivate instructions for each SSB transmission.

[0097] In this disclosure, the SSB bursts may be uniformly or non-uniformly arranged in the time direction. The SSB bursts for communication may be uniformly or non-uniformly arranged, and the SSB bursts for sensing may be non-uniformly or uniformly arranged.

[0098] According to this embodiment, by appropriately setting the period, it is possible to prevent the maximum clear speed from decreasing.

[0099] <Second Embodiment> The shorter the period of the SSB burst for sensing, the greater the overhead. To reduce the total overhead, it is preferable to reduce the amount of SSB transmitted in each burst.

[0100] Candidate SS / PBCH blocks within a half-frame range from 0 to L'. ｍａｘ The data is indexed in order of time up to -1. Here, L' ｍａｘ This is determined according to the SS / PBCH block pattern of Cases A through G (see Figure 9 or Figure 11). ｍａｘ This is the maximum number of SS / PBCH block indexes in a cell, and is half-frame L ｍａｘ This is the maximum number of transmissions per SS / PBCH block.

[0101] In operation without shared spectrum channel access in FR1 and FR2, and in operation with shared spectrum channel access in FR2-2, L ｍａｘ = L' ｍａｘ That is the case.

[0102] This section describes a [dedicated] SSB pattern for SSB bursts. For example, it describes candidate time positions, number, or sensing SSB patterns within a burst. In the second embodiment, policy 1 or policy 2 is used.

[0103] <<Option 1>> The SSB [candidates] for sensing [within one SSB burst] may be configured as a subset (part) of the SSB [candidates] within one SSB burst for communication. For example, one burst may contain both communication SSBs and sensing SSBs. In this option, for example, policy 1 above may be used.

[0104] For example, if an SSB burst with a period smaller than a predetermined threshold is set up for sensing, at least one of the following (1) or (2) may be applied: (1) Reduce the number of candidate SSBs within one sensing burst. For example, set FR1 to 2 candidate SSBs and FR2 to 16 candidate SSBs. (2) Set up a subset of candidate SSBs for sensing. For example, in FR1, only the first two of the four candidate SSBs may be used for sensing. In this case, the remaining candidate SSBs may be used for communication or may be dropped.

[0105] If an SSB burst with a period greater than a predetermined threshold is configured for communication (for example, initial access), all candidate SSB positions from Case A to Case G in Figure 9 may be supported. In other words, the full set may be used for communication.

[0106] The subset may be defined by the specification or configured by the network. This option allows for flexible adaptation and control of overhead. For example, if the SSB for sensing occupies half of the resources in one burst and half of the period (e.g., 2.5 milliseconds), the same overhead will be consumed for sensing and communication.

[0107] Figure 9 is a table showing the time positions of candidate SSBs for Option 1 in the second embodiment. Note that only the first half of the index of the first OFDM symbol of the candidate SSB (bold portion, with half-frame limitation) may be set for sensing. For example, in case A, {2} + 14 * n may be used for sensing, and in case B, {4, 8} + 28 * n may be used for sensing. The same applies to other cases.

[0108] In Figure 9, for f ≤ 3 GHz (Cases A to C), two candidate positions (n=0, 1 or n=0) containing up to two SSBs are set for sensing. For f > 3 GHz (Cases A to C), four candidate positions (n=0, 1, 2, 3 or n=0, 1) containing up to four SSBs are set for sensing. For FR2 (Cases D to G), 32 candidate positions (n=0, 1, 2, ..., 18 or n=0, 1, ..., 8 or n=0, 1, 2, ..., 30, 31) containing up to 32 SSBs are set for sensing.

[0109] Figure 10A shows a first example of the SSB arrangement for Option 1 Case A in the second embodiment. Figure 10B shows a second example of the SSB arrangement for Option 1 Case A in the second embodiment. Figure 10B shows an example where only the first half of the index of the first OFDM symbol of the candidate SSB is set for sensing.

[0110] In Figures 10A and 10B, sensing SSBs are placed on the first four OFDM symbols, but this is not an exhaustive example. For example, sensing SSBs may be placed on X symbols, starting from the first OFDM symbol, where X is set / instructed to the UE by upper-layer signaling / physical layer signaling.

[0111] This option allows for flexible placement of sensing SSBs.

[0112] <<Option 2>> Candidate SSBs for sensing within a single SSB burst are configured / specified individually (separately from candidate SSBs for communication). In this case, candidate SSBs for sensing are not part of candidate SSBs for communication. In this option, for example, policy 2 above may be used.

[0113] The SSB time positions within a burst may be designed based on uniform / non-uniform resource patterns. This can be achieved by redesigning the candidate time positions of the sensing SSBs within a burst.

[0114] For example, in Case A of Figure 9, at 15 kHz, the index of the first OFDM symbol of the candidate SSB may be updated from {2, 8} + 14 * n (n = 0, 1) to {2} + 14 * n (n = 0, 1, 3, 6). This allows for a longer duration of a single sensing SSB burst and a reduction in the number of consecutive OFDM symbols of the sensing SSB. The maximum clarity speed can be maximized by spacing the SSBs relatively prime within a single burst.

[0115] This option enables flexible sensing SSB pattern design.

[0116] This option allows the time position definition of the first OFDM symbol for the candidate SSB for sensing and the candidate SSB for communication to be the same or different.

[0117] Figure 11 is a table showing the time positions of candidate SSBs for Option 2 in the second embodiment. In the case of FR2, only the SSBs corresponding to some of the n (bold portion) may be set for sensing.

[0118] Figure 12A shows a first example of the SSB arrangement for Option 2, Case A, in the second embodiment. In this example, a uniform resource pattern is transmitted in a single SSB burst with half-frame limitations. Each sensing SSB is not in a QCL relationship.

[0119] Figure 12B shows a second example of the SSB configuration for Option 2, Case A, in the second embodiment. In this example, dissimilar resource patterns are transmitted in a single SSB burst with no half-frame limit. Each sensing SSB is in a QCL relationship.

[0120] This option avoids the need to complicate the specifications and processing related to the placement of sensing SSBs.

[0121] << Various settings / instructions regarding SSB bursts >> <<< Number of SSBs in one burst for sensing / ISAC >>> The number of candidate SSBs in one burst for sensing / ISAC is 0 to L' ｍａｘ、ｓｅｎ -1 (L'ｍａｘ、ｓｅｎ ≦ L' ｍａｘ or L' ｍａｘ、ｓｅｎ ≧ L' ｍａｘ ), they are indexed in ascending order of time and determined according to the SSB pattern for sensing / IASC.

[0122] L ｍａｘ、ｓｅｎ is the maximum number of transmitted SSBs for sensing / ISAC, and L ｍａｘ、ｓｅｎ ≦ L' ｍａｘ、ｓｅｎ and L ｍａｘ、ｓｅｎ ≦ L ｍａｘ (or L ｍａｘ、ｓｅｎ ≧ L ｍａｘ ).

[0123] <<<<Number of OFDM Symbols per SSB for Sensing / ISAC>>>> To further reduce time resources of one SSB / ISAC burst, it is conceivable to also reduce the number of OFDM symbols occupied by one SSB.

[0124] For example, in the communication scenario, four consecutive OFDM symbols may be occupied by one SSB including PSS / SSS / PBCH associated with DMRS.

[0125] For example, in the case of sensing / ISAC, two consecutive OFDM symbols may be occupied by one SSB including PSS / SSS.

[0126] Variation: One or more additional OFDM symbols are added for sensing / ISAC at the start or end of one SSB. A sensing UE only monitors the additional symbols of the SSB. The additional OFDM symbols may be generated based on an M-sequence or other sequences (such as a specific sequence for sensing). For example, one OFDM symbol is added for sensing. The UE may monitor a specific (e.g., the first or the fifth) OFDM symbol of the SSB for sensing measurement.

[0127] <<<<Duration Configuration of Sensing / ISAC SSB Burst>>>> The duration of a sensing / ISAC SSB burst may be set to be shorter than, equal to, or longer than a half frame (i.e., 5 ms).

[0128] <<<Setting a single SSB frequency domain resource for sensing / ISAC>>> The bandwidth of the sensing / ISAC SSB may be set to a smaller value than the bandwidth of the communication SSB. For example, a conventional communication SSB supports 20 PRB. For sensing / ISAC, 127 RE may be set for the SSB (e.g., a sensing SSB that includes only PSS / SSS).

[0129] Alternatively, the sensing SSB and the communication SSB may be given one (same) period and one (same) time position, and the sensing SSB may be frequency-division multiplexed to the communication SSB in the same or different bandwidths. A frequency domain position (or starting position) / bandwidth may be further defined / set for the sensing SSB.

[0130] <<<Bitmap Instructions>>> Bitmap instructions for sensing and communication may be supported separately.

[0131] <<<QCL Relationship>>> The QCL relationships between sensing SSB bursts and between sensing SSB bursts and communication SSB bursts will be explained in the third embodiment.

[0132] According to this embodiment, when many candidate SSBs are used for sensing, it is possible to prevent the transmission of complex bitmap instructions.

[0133] <Third Embodiment> Sensing SSBs within one SSB burst or within multiple SSB bursts may be in a QCL relationship (the QCL relationship may be set / defined). In this disclosure, being in a QCL relationship, the setting / definition of a QCL relationship, and the UE assuming a QCL relationship may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0134] SSB has a QCL relationship (at least) with respect to Doppler diffusion / Doppler shift, and therefore could be used for velocity estimation.

[0135] In NR, QCL types are defined as follows: Type A: {Doppler shift, Doppler spread, mean delay, delayed spread} Type B: {Doppler shift, Doppler spread} Type C: {Doppler shift, mean delay} Type D: {Spatial reception parameters}

[0136] In NR, the UE assumes that [sensing] SSBs transmitted at the same center frequency position and having the same block index (SSB index) are in a QCL relationship with respect to Doppler spread, Doppler shift, mean gain, mean delay, delay spread, and at least one of the spatial reception parameters (if applicable).

[0137] <<Embodiment 3-1>> The QCL relationship between SSBs in one or more bursts for sensing will be described.

[0138] <<<Option 1>>> The UE may assume that multiple SSBs within a single SSB burst are quasi-co-located (QLC) in relation to Doppler diffusion / Doppler shift. SSBs between different sensing bursts may or may not be QCL in relation. Policy 2 above may apply to this option.

[0139] Variations: "Multiple" can mean "all" or "some," and may mean, for example, that all SSBs in one burst are in a QCL relationship, or that at least several SSBs in one burst are in a QCL relationship.

[0140] For example, if eight candidate SSBs and two beams are used in one burst, SSBs #0 to #3 may be in a QCL relationship, and SSBs #4 to #7 may be in a QCL relationship.

[0141] The QCL relationships of multiple SSBs within a single burst may be configured / instructed to the UE or defined in the specification. If no QCL relationships are configured / instructed, all SSBs within a burst may have a QCL relationship by default.

[0142] The QLC relationship in this embodiment may mean at least one of the following QCL types: For FR1 / FR3: QCL type A only, QCL type B only, QCL type C only, or QCL type D only. For FR2 / FR3: QCL type A + QCL type D, QCL type B + QCL type D, or QCL type C + QCL type D.

[0143] According to Option 1, the UE can infer the QCL information of other SSBs in the burst based on one SSB in the burst.

[0144] <<<Option 2>>> The UE may assume that SSBs within a single SSB burst are not in a QCL relationship. However, SSBs between different [sensing] SSB bursts may be in a QCL relationship [at least] [with respect to Doppler diffusion / Doppler shift] based on the specification or [dynamic] setting / instruction. Policy 1 above may apply to this option.

[0145] Option 2-1: The UE may assume that sensing SSBs having the same block index transmitted at the same center frequency position are in a QCL relationship with respect to [at least] Doppler spread / Doppler shift.

[0146] Option 2-2: The UE may assume that transmitted sensing SSBs having the same / different block indices are in a QCL relationship [at least] with respect to Doppler spread / Doppler shift if they satisfy certain pre-configured / defined relationships.

[0147] By default, beam sweeping is performed in one SSB burst. If the period is too short to complete beam sweeping in one burst, beam sweeping may be performed in multiple bursts.

[0148] For example, if one beam sweep is performed in two sensing SSB bursts, the following methods (1) or (2) may be considered as predefined relationships.

[0149] (1) A joint block index may be set / defined for two sensing SSB bursts. For example, SSB #0 to #7 may be set / defined for the first SSB burst, and SSB #8 to #15 may be set / defined for the second SSB burst. SSB #0 to #15 may be jointly defined for the two SSB bursts. Sensing SSBs having the same block index may have a QCL relationship with respect to Doppler diffusion / Doppler shift [at least].

[0150] Figure 13A shows an example where a joint block index is set for two sensing SSB bursts. In the example in Figure 13A, one beam sweep is performed for each of the two sensing SSB bursts. For each of the two sensing SSB bursts, an SSB index from 0# to N# is set (e.g., N=15). SSBs with the same index may have a QCL relationship with respect to at least Doppler diffusion / Doppler shift. For example, SSB#0 of different SSB bursts may be measured for velocity estimation.

[0151] (2) An independent block index is set / defined for each of the X (e.g., two) sensing SSB bursts. X may be set / instructed to the UE by upper layer signaling / physical layer signaling. The UE may determine the QCL relationships between SSB bursts based not only on the SSB block index but also on the location of the sensing SSB bursts. For example, SSB#0-#7 of the first SSB burst and SSB#0-#7 of the second SSB burst are not in a QCL relationship with respect to Doppler diffusion / Doppler shift. SSB#0-#7 of the first SSB burst may be in a QCL relationship with SSB#0-7 of the third SSB burst.

[0152] Figure 13B shows an example where independent block indices are set for two sensing SSB bursts. In the example in Figure 13B, one beam sweep is performed for each of the two sensing SSB bursts. For each sensing SSB burst, an SSB index from 0# to M# (e.g., M=7) is set. SSBs with the same index may have a QCL relationship with respect to Doppler diffusion / Doppler shift [at least]. For example, SSB#0 of the first SSB burst and SSB#0 of the third SSB burst may be measured for velocity estimation.

[0153] According to Option 2, the UE can infer the QCL information of SSBs in other bursts based on one SSB in a burst.

[0154] <<Embodiment 3-2>> The QCL relationship between the sensing SSB burst and the communication SSB burst will be described.

[0155] <<<Case 1>>> This section describes a case where the SSB burst / period for sensing and communication are the same (for example, Option A in Embodiment 1-2).

[0156] The QCL relationship between SSB bursts in a communication system may be considered / applied for sensing purposes.

[0157] For example, a UE may assume that SSB transmitted at the same center frequency location with the same block index has a QCL relationship with respect to both sensing and communication, with respect to Doppler spread, Doppler shift, mean gain, mean delay, delay spread, and, where applicable, spatial reception parameters.

[0158] According to Case 1, the UE can assume the QCL relationship of the sensing SSB based on the QCL relationship between SSB bursts in the communication system.

[0159] <<<Case 2>>> This section describes a case where separate SSB bursts or different SSB patterns are set / defined for the sensing SSB and the communication SSB (for example, options B or C in Embodiments 1-2, or the second embodiment).

[0160] Option 1: There is no QCL relationship between the sensing SSB burst (SSB within the burst) and the communication SSB burst (SSB within the burst). The UE does not need to assume that the measurements of these two SSB bursts will be combined.

[0161] Option 2: The UE may assume that the sensing SSB (SSB in burst) and the communication SSB (SSB in burst) are QCL with respect to at least Doppler spread / Doppler shift and spatial reception parameters if they have the same block index and are transmitted at the same center frequency position. The UE may assume (and report) that a combination of measurements is possible based on the transmitted sensing SSB and communication SSB having the same block index. Measurements include, for example, velocity estimation, angle estimation, or SNR enhancement.

[0162] Option 3: The QCL relationship between sensing SSB bursts (SSBs within the burst) and communication SSB bursts (SSBs within the burst) may be defined in the specification or configured by the UE from the network via higher-layer signaling / physical-layer signaling. For example, sensing SSB#X1 and communication SSB#X2 may have a QCL relationship in QCL type A, or sensing SSB#Y1 and communication SSB#Y2 may have a QCL relationship in QCL type D. The UE may assume (and report) that combinations of measurements based on transmitted sensing SSBs and communication SSBs that have a QCL relationship are possible. Measurements may include, for example, velocity estimation, angle estimation, or SNR enhancement.

[0163] According to Case 2, when separate SSB bursts or different SSB patterns are set / defined for the sensing SSB and the communication SSB, a QCL relationship between the sensing SSB burst and the communication SSB burst can be appropriately assumed.

[0164] <Variations> This section describes the QCL types for sensing. QCL type D can reflect the influence of spatial reception parameters (or can be focused on the UE side). However, in sensing, the angle information on the BS side is also very important for calculating the sensing results.

[0165] A specific QCL type (e.g., sensing QCL type E [at least]) related to the angle information on the BS side may be defined / set for each sensing target or for multiple targets in common.

[0166] The specific QCL type may be, for example, AoD / AoA type information on the BS side, or transmit / receive beam angle type information on the BS side, or spatial transmit / receive parameters on the UE side.

[0167] A specific QCL type may be either a conventional or a newer QCL type used for communications, or it may be a type dedicated to sensing, distinct from the QCL types used for communications.

[0168] Variations: A particular QCL type may be associated with at least one of Doppler spread / Doppler shift, delayed spread, or (mean) delay for each sensing target.

[0169] In this disclosure, the QCL relationship relating to "Doppler spread / shift" may be replaced with at least one of the following: • Delay spread / shift (e.g., for range / delay estimation). For example, QCL type A, or QCL type C, or QCL type A + QCL type D, or QCL type C + QCL type D, or QCL type D. • Spatial receive parameters (e.g., for angle / AoA estimation). For example, QCL type D. • Spatial transmit parameters (e.g., for angle / AoD estimation). For example, a specific QCL type (e.g., QCL type E). • Any combination of the above.

[0170] Multiple candidate QCL relationships may be explicitly set in the UE from the network, or they may be implicitly set / determined by other parameters. For example, the UE may determine the QCL relationship based on the measurement type / result.

[0171] According to this embodiment, the QCL relationship of SSBs within an SSB burst or between multiple SSB bursts becomes clear, allowing for appropriate velocity estimation.

[0172] <Supplement> <<Notification of Information Depending on the Sensing Method>> The notification of information (settings / definitions, etc.) in this disclosure may differ depending on the applicable sensing method.

[0173] In the case of bistatic sensing from BS to UE (Figure 3A), various settings / definitions may be set / instructed / determined by being transmitted from BS to UE via at least one of the following: higher layer signaling (e.g., SIB / RRC / MAC CE) or physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI).

[0174] In the case of bistatic sensing from UE to BS (Figure 2B), various settings / definitions may be set / instructed / determined by being transmitted from BS to UE via at least one of higher layer signaling (e.g., SIB / RRC / MAC CE) or physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI). Alternatively, the UE may decide to apply the processing of each embodiment and report the measurement results etc. to BS via at least one of higher layer signaling (e.g., SIB / RRC / MAC CE) or physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI).

[0175] In the case of bistatic sensing from BS to BS (Figure 2A), settings / instructions / determinions may be made from BS1 (or BS2) to BS2 (or BS1) via the X2 / Xn / F1-AP interface between BS1 and BS2. Alternatively, the settings / definitions determined by BS1 / BS2 may be reported to BS2 / BS1 via the X2 / Xn / F1-AP interface.

[0176] In the six sensing methods (BS / UE monostatic sensing, BS to BS / BS to UE / UE to BS / UE to UE bistatic sensing), the following methods may be applied when setting / instructing / determining each embodiment: - Setting / instructing / determining from LMF / SF to BS via the [extended] NRPPa protocol for sensing or new sensing protocols. - Setting / instructing / determining from LMF / SF to UE via the [extended] LPP protocol for sensing or new sensing protocols. - Setting / instructing / determining from LMF / SF to UE via the [extended] SLPP protocol for sensing or new sensing protocols.

[0177] Each setting / definition in this disclosure may be determined based on the UE's capabilities, described in the specifications, or set / determined based on the conditions described in the specifications. Alternatively, it may be set / determined based on a combination of the UE's capabilities and / or the descriptions in the specifications.

[0178] <<Notification of Information to Sensing Receiver / UE / BS>> In the embodiments described above, notification of any information from the Network (NW) (e.g., Base Station (BS)) to the UE (in other words, reception of any information from the BS at the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0179] In the above-described embodiment, the sensing receiver (BS or UE) may receive any information from the NW (gNB / LMF / SF).

[0180] Information may also be notified via higher-layer signaling (e.g., RRC messages / LPP messages / SLPP messages / NRPPa messages).

[0181] If the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) not defined in existing standards in the MAC subheader.

[0182] If the above notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, or the format of the DCI.

[0183] Furthermore, the notification of arbitrary information to the sensing receiver / BS / UE in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by instructions from UE / gNB / LMF / SF), or aperiodic (triggered by instructions from UE / gNB / LMF / SF).

[0184] In the embodiments described above, information from the network may be set / instructed by the following methods: - Common to multiple UEs, or individual to a UE. - Cell-specific, or common to multiple cells. - Per UE / Per CC / Per BWP / Per band / Per cell / Per cell group (CG).

[0185] <<Notification of Information from Sensing Transmitter / UE / BS>> Notification of any information from the UE to the NW in the above embodiments (in other words, transmission / reporting of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0186] In the above-described embodiment, the sensing transmitter (BS or UE) may transmit arbitrary information to the NW (gNB / LMF / SF).

[0187] Information may also be notified via higher-layer signaling (e.g., RRC messages / UAI (User Assistant Information) / LPP messages / Sidelink Positioning Protocol (SLPP) messages / NRPPa messages).

[0188] If the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new LCID not specified in existing standards in the MAC subheader.

[0189] If the above notice is made by the UCI, the notice may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0190] Furthermore, the notification of any information from the sensing transmitter (BS or UE) in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by instructions from UE / gNB / LMF / SF), or aperiodic (triggered by instructions from UE / gNB / LMF / SF).

[0191] <<Other>> In this disclosure, BS may be gNB, eNB, BS for 6G, TRP, IAB node, mobile IAB node, relay, drone, RIS, etc.

[0192] The beam may be interpreted as SSB / CSI-RS / TRS / SRS / other reference RS / DL / UL / joint TCI state. L1-RSRP / L1-SINR may be interpreted as L1-RSRQ / L3-RSRP / L3-SINR / L3-RSRQ / filtered or enhanced L1 measurement values.

[0193] BS may be interpreted as BS node. A BS node may control multiple TRPs / Sensing-only transmission points (STPs) / Sensing-only reception points (SRPs), such as remote radio heads defined in NR positioning or TPs dedicated to DL-PRS.

[0194] STP may mean a transmit point that transmits only sensing signals and is not associated with a cell. SRP may mean a receive point that receives only sensing signals and is not associated with a cell.

[0195] When a segmented BS architecture is applied, the BS-Distributed Unit (DU) includes a TRP function, which may support STP, SRP, or both STP and SRP functions.

[0196] <<Regarding the application of each embodiment>> In UE / BS, specific (one or more) processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information for at least one of the embodiments described above may be applied (or used) if any or more of the following conditions are met: - A higher-layer parameter indicating the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is set; - The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on the relevant higher-layer parameter; - The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is designated / activated / triggered by MAC CE / DCI / UCI / Resource / Channel / RS; - A specific UE capability indicating (or related to) the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is reported or supported; - The application of the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on specific conditions.

[0197] The specific UE capabilities described above may include at least one of the following: supporting an SSB burst for sensing; supporting a small period for the SSB burst for sensing (e.g., a specific threshold or a period smaller than that of a SSB burst for communication); supporting a new candidate time position for the SSB (or SSB pattern) for sensing; supporting a specific QCL relationship (e.g., QCL type E) between SSBs in one or more bursts for sensing; supporting each embodiment; and supporting options or combinations of options for each embodiment.

[0198] In this disclosure, "to support" and "whether or not to support" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0199] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that applies across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), a capability per frequency (e.g., one or a combination thereof, such as cell, band, band combination, BWP, component carrier, etc.), a capability per frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), a capability per subcarrier spacing (SCS), or a capability per feature set (FS) or feature set per component-carrier (FSPC).

[0200] Furthermore, the specific UE capabilities described above may be capabilities that apply across all duplexing schemes (common to all duplexing schemes regardless of the duplexing scheme), or they may be capabilities specific to each duplexing scheme (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD), Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0201] If the above conditions are not met, UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0202] (Note) The following inventions are added with respect to the first and second embodiments of this disclosure. [Note 1] A terminal having: a receiving unit that receives setting information relating to sensing Synchronization Signal Blocks (SSBs) and receives one or more SSB bursts including a plurality of sensing SSBs; and a control unit that measures the sensing SSBs, wherein beam sweeping is applied to a plurality of SSBs within one SSB burst, or beam sweeping is applied between different SSB bursts. [Note 2] The terminal according to Note 1, wherein in the setting information, one set is set as the period of the SSB burst for both the plurality of sensing SSBs and the communication SSBs. [Note 3] The terminal according to Note 1 or Note 2, wherein in the setting information, candidate SSBs for sensing are set as part of candidate SSBs within one communication SSB burst. [Note 4] In the above configuration information, the candidate SSB for sensing within the SSB burst is a terminal specified in any of Notes 1 to 3, which is configured separately from the candidate SSB for communication.

[0203] (Note) The following inventions are added with respect to a third embodiment of the present disclosure. [Note 1] A terminal having a receiving unit that receives setting information relating to sensing Synchronization Signal Blocks (SSBs) and receives one or more SSB bursts including a plurality of sensing SSBs, and a control unit that measures the sensing SSBs, wherein the sensing SSBs in one SSB burst or in a plurality of SSB bursts are in a QCL relationship. [Note 2] The terminal according to Note 1, wherein the control unit assumes that the plurality of SSBs in one SSB burst are in a QCL relationship with respect to Doppler diffusion or Doppler shift. [Note 3] The terminal according to Note 1 or Note 2, wherein the control unit assumes that the SSBs in one burst are not in a QCL relationship, and the SSBs between different SSB bursts are in a QCL relationship with respect to Doppler diffusion or Doppler shift. [Note 4] If separate SSB bursts or different SSB patterns are configured for the sensing SSB and the communication SSB, there is no QCL relationship between the sensing SSB burst and the communication SSB burst. (Terminals described in any of Notes 1 to 3)

[0204] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of this disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of this disclosure, or a combination thereof.

[0205] Figure 14 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may also be simply called system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), etc., as specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0206] Furthermore, the wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), and the like.

[0207] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the Master Node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the Secondary Node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0208] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity where both MN and SN are NR base stations (gNB) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0209] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) located within the macrocell C1 that form a small cell C2 that is narrower than the macrocell C1. User terminals 20 may be located within at least one cell. The arrangement, number, shape, size, etc., of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the configuration shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when base stations 11 and 12 are not distinguished, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0210] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called a supercell, for example) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called subcells, for example). A supercell may correspond to a cell with a fixed physical range, and a subcell may correspond to a cell whose physical range fluctuates quasi-statically / dynamically. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0211] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of Carrier Aggregation (CA) using multiple Component Carriers (CC) and Dual Connectivity (DC).

[0212] Each CC may be included in at least one of the first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and the second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). A macrocell C1 may be included in FR1, and a small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band above 24 GHz. Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may be in a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0213] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may communicate in each CC using at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD).

[0214] Multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wireless (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between base stations 11 and 12, base station 11, which is the upstream station, may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and base station 12, which is the relay station, may be called an IAB node.

[0215] Base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 via other base stations 10 or directly. The core network 30 may include at least one of the following: Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), Next Generation Core (NGC), etc.

[0216] The core network 30 may include network functions (NF) such as User Plane Function (UPF), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Application Function (AF), Data Network (DN), Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). Multiple functions may be provided by a single network node. Furthermore, communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may occur via the DN.

[0217] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of the following communication methods: LTE, LTE-A, 5G, etc.

[0218] In the wireless communication system 1, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based wireless access scheme may be used. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-OFDM), etc., may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0219] The wireless access method may also be called a waveform. In wireless communication system 1, other wireless access methods (for example, other single-carrier transmission methods, other multi-carrier transmission methods) may be used for the UL and DL wireless access methods.

[0220] In the wireless communication system 1, a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), a Broadcast Channel (PBCH), or a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) may be used as the downlink channel, which is shared by each user terminal 20.

[0221] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink channel may include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), or the like, all of which are shared by each user terminal 20.

[0222] User data, higher-layer control information, and System Information Blocks (SIBs) are transmitted via PDSCH. User data and higher-layer control information may also be transmitted via PUSCH. Furthermore, Master Information Blocks (MIBs) may be transmitted via PBCH.

[0223] Lower-layer control information may be transmitted by PDCCH. The lower-layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) which includes scheduling information for at least one of PDSCH and PUSCH.

[0224] Furthermore, the DCI that schedules PDSCH may be called DL assignment, DL DCI, etc., and the DCI that schedules PUSCH may be called UL grant, UL DCI, etc. Furthermore, PDSCH may be read as DL data, and PUSCH may be read as UL data.

[0225] PDCCH detection may utilize a Control Resource Set (CORESET) and a search space. A CORESET corresponds to the resources used to search for DCIs. A search space corresponds to the search area and search method for PDCCH candidates. A single CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. A UE may monitor CORESETs associated with a given search space based on the search space configuration.

[0226] A single search space may correspond to one or more PDCCH candidates corresponding to aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. In this disclosure, "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," and "CORESET configuration" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0227] PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery acknowledgment information (for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with the cell.

[0228] In this disclosure, downlinks, uplinks, etc., may be expressed without the prefix "link." Also, the prefix "physical" may be omitted from the names of various channels.

[0229] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc., may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, the DL-RS may include a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc.

[0230] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including SS (PSS, SSS) and PBCH (and DMRS for PBCH) may be called an SS / PBCH block, SS Block (SSB), etc. Note that SS, SSB, etc. may also be called reference signals.

[0231] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink reference signal (UL-RS) may include a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), etc. The DMRS may also be called a user-specific reference signal (UE-specific Reference Signal).

[0232] (Base Station) Figure 15 shows an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that one or more of the control unit 110, the transmitting / receiving unit 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140 may be provided.

[0233] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0234] The control unit 110 controls the entire base station 10. The control unit 110 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0235] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 120, transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and transmission path interface 140. The control unit 110 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 120. The control unit 110 may also perform call processing of communication channels (setting, releasing, etc.), status management of the base station 10, management of wireless resources, etc.

[0236] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0237] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122 and a measuring unit 123.

[0238] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0239] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may transmit the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also receive the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0240] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0241] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform processing on data and control information acquired from the control unit 110, for example, at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer (e.g., RLC retransmission control), and the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0242] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, discrete Fourier transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0243] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0244] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0245] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (receiving processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0246] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may also measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), reception quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0247] The transmission path interface 140 may send and receive signals (backhaul signaling) with devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0248] In this disclosure, the transmitting and receiving units of the base station 10 may consist of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission path interface 140.

[0249] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a Radio Unit (RU), a Distributed Unit (DU), and a Central Unit (CU). For example, the RU may implement RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level physical layer functions (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may implement higher-level physical layer functions (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may implement PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer functions.

[0250] In this disclosure, base station 10 may include a single device that implements all the functions of RU, DU, and CU, or it may include multiple devices that each implement some of the functions of RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In this disclosure, base station 10 may be interpreted as RU / DU / CU.

[0251] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may transmit setting information regarding sensing Synchronization Signal Blocks (SSBs) and transmit one or more SSB bursts containing multiple sensing SSBs.

[0252] The control unit 110 may control the reception of the measurement results of the sensing SSB.

[0253] Beam sweeping may be applied to multiple SSBs within a single SSB burst, or between different SSB bursts.

[0254] Sensing SSBs within one or more SSB bursts may be in a QCL relationship.

[0255] (User Terminal) Figure 16 shows an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transmitting / receiving unit 220, and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230. Note that one or more of the control unit 210, the transmitting / receiving unit 220, and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230 may be provided.

[0256] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0257] The control unit 210 controls the entire user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0258] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 220.

[0259] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0260] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222 and a measuring unit 223.

[0261] The transmitting and receiving antenna 230 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0262] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may receive the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may also transmit the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0263] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0264] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc., on data and control information acquired from the control unit 210 to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0265] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0266] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the transform precoding settings. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process to transmit a channel (for example, PUSCH) using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform if transform precoding is enabled for that channel, or it may not perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process if transform precoding is not enabled for that channel.

[0267] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0268] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0269] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (receiving processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0270] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (measuring unit 223) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measuring unit 223 may perform RRM measurement, CSI measurement, etc., based on the received signal. The measuring unit 223 may also measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0271] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on channel measurement resources. Channel measurement resources may be, for example, Non Zero Power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on interference measurement resources. Interference measurement resources may be at least one of the following: NZP CSI-RS resources for interference measurement, CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resources, etc. CSI-IM may also be called CSI-Interference Management (IM), and may be interpreted interchangeably with Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. In this disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0272] In this disclosure, the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 may be composed of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 220 and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0273] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may perform at least some of the processing of the transmitting / receiving unit described in the appendix above.

[0274] The control unit 210 may perform at least some of the processing of the control unit described in the appendix above.

[0275] (Hardware Configuration) The block diagram used in the description of the above embodiment shows functional units. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or it may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wired or wireless connections). A functional block may also be realized by combining the above one device or the above multiple devices with software.

[0276] Here, functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, exploration, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating (mapping), and assigning. For example, a functional block (configuration part) that enables transmission may be called a transmitting unit or transmitter. In all cases, as mentioned above, the method of implementation is not particularly limited.

[0277] For example, a base station, user terminal, etc. in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that processes the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Figure 17 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. The base station 10 and user terminal 20 described above may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, memory 1002, storage 1003, communication device 1004, input device 1005, output device 1006, bus 1007, etc.

[0278] In this disclosure, terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, and unit are interchangeable. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may include one or more of the devices shown in the figure, or it may be configured without some of the devices.

[0279] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown in the diagram, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, the processing may be performed by one processor, or it may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, sequentially, or by other means. Note that the processor 1001 may be implemented using one or more chips.

[0280] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, which allows the processor 1001 to perform calculations and control communication via the communication device 1004, or control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0281] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer, for example, by running an operating system. The processor 1001 may be composed of a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic units, registers, etc. For example, at least a part of the control unit 110 (210) and the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) described above may be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0282] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes accordingly. The program used is one that causes the computer to execute at least a part of the operations described in the above embodiment. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and other functional blocks may be implemented similarly.

[0283] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, or main memory. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for carrying out a wireless communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0284] The storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a Compact Disk (Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a Digital Use Disk, a Blu-ray (registered trademark) disk), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, stick, key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. The storage 1003 may also be called an auxiliary storage device.

[0285] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting / receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network card, communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include, for example, a high-frequency switch, duplexer, filter, frequency synthesizer, etc., in order to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220), transmitting / receiving antenna 130 (230), etc., may be implemented by the communication device 1004. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) may be implemented with physically or logically separated transmitting unit 120a (220a) and receiving unit 120b (220b).

[0286] The input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from an external source (e.g., a keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). The output device 1006 is an output device that outputs to an external source (e.g., a display, speaker, light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.). The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be configured as an integrated unit (e.g., a touch panel).

[0287] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or different buses may be configured for each device.

[0288] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), and a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of each functional block may be implemented using such hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0289] Furthermore, devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NF) may also be implemented using the functional block / hardware configuration described above.

[0290] (Variations) Terms used in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, channel, symbol and signal (signal or signaling) may be used interchangeably. Also, a signal may be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS and may be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc., depending on the applicable standard. Also, a component carrier (CC) may be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0291] A wireless frame may consist of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of these periods (frames) constituting a wireless frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may consist of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0292] Here, the neurology may be communication parameters applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. The neurology may be, for example, at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, specific filtering processes performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processes performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0293] A slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols or Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols). Alternatively, a slot may be a time unit based on neurology.

[0294] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Minislots may also be called subslots. Minislots may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using minislots may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0295] Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols all represent units of time when transmitting a signal. Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols may each be referred to by different names. Furthermore, the units of time such as frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols in this disclosure may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0296] For example, one subframe may be called a TTI, multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, and one slot or one mini-slot may be called a TTI. In other words, at least one of a subframe and a TTI may be a subframe in existing LTE (1 ms), a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing a TTI may be called a slot, mini-slot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0297] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, the base station schedules each user terminal to allocate wireless resources (such as the frequency bandwidth and transmission power available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0298] TTI may be a transmission time unit for channel-encoded data packets (transport blocks), code blocks, code words, etc., or it may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., number of symbols) in which the transport block, code block, code word, etc. are mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0299] Furthermore, if one slot or one mini-slot is referred to as a TTI, then one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more mini-slots) may constitute the minimum time unit for scheduling. In addition, the number of slots (number of mini-slots) that constitute this minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0300] A TTI with a time length of 1 ms may be called a normal TTI, long TTI, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, mini slot, sub slot, slot, etc.

[0301] Furthermore, long TTIs (e.g., normal TTIs, subframes, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a time length exceeding 1 ms, and short TTIs (e.g., shortened TTIs, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a TTI length less than that of a long TTI but 1 ms or more.

[0302] A Resource Block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and in the frequency domain, it may contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be the same regardless of the neurology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be determined based on the neurology.

[0303] Furthermore, an RB may contain one or more symbols in the time domain and may have the length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc., may each consist of one or more resource blocks.

[0304] One or more RBs may also be called Physical RBs (PRBs), Sub-Carrier Groups (SCGs), Resource Element Groups (REGs), PRB pairs, RB pairs, etc.

[0305] Furthermore, a resource block may consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource area comprising one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0306] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), also known as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) for a given neurology in a given carrier. These common RBs may be identified by an index of the RBs relative to a common reference point of the carrier. The PRBs may be defined and numbered within a given BWP.

[0307] A BWP may include UL BWP (BWP for UL) and DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured within a single carrier for a UE.

[0308] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE does not need to assume that it will transmit or receive a predetermined signal / channel outside of the active BWP. In this disclosure, terms such as "cell" and "carrier" may be read as "BWP".

[0309] The structures of wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols described above are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a wireless frame, the number of slots per subframe or wireless frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, and the number of symbols, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length within the TTI can be varied in various ways.

[0310] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or corresponding other information. For example, wireless resources may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0311] The names used for parameters and other elements in this disclosure are not restrictive in any way. Furthermore, mathematical formulas and other elements using these parameters may differ from those expressly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name, and therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not restrictive in any way.

[0312] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of the various different techniques. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0313] Furthermore, information, signals, etc., can be output from upper layers to lower layers and from lower layers to upper layers, or to at least one of the two. Information, signals, etc., may also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0314] Input and output information and signals may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information and signals may be overwritten, updated, or appended to. Output information and signals may be deleted. Input information and signals may be transmitted to other devices.

[0315] Any information described in this disclosure (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) may be communicated from any first device (e.g., UE / base station) to any second device (e.g., base station / UE) that indicates / specifies (or relates to) the value of such any information, even if not specifically stated in the embodiments described above.

[0316] Information notification is not limited to the embodiments described herein and may be carried out by other means. For example, information notification in this disclosure may be carried out by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0317] Physical layer signaling may also be called Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signals), L1 control information (L1 control signals), etc. RRC signaling may also be called RRC messages, for example, RRC Connection Setup messages, RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages, etc. MAC signaling may also be communicated using, for example, MAC Control Elements (CEs).

[0318] Furthermore, notification of the specified information (for example, notification that "X is the case") is not limited to explicit notification, but may also be made implicitly (for example, by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0319] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a boolean value represented as true or false, or by a numerical comparison (for example, a comparison with a predetermined value).

[0320] Software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, and so on, whether they are called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or by any other name.

[0321] Furthermore, software, instructions, information, etc., may be transmitted and received via a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technology (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, or Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) and wireless technology (such as infrared or microwave), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included in the definition of a transmission medium.

[0322] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure may be used interchangeably. “Network” may also mean the equipment included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0323] In this disclosure, terms such as “precoding,” “precoder,” “weight (precoding weight),” “quasi-co-location (QCL),” “transmission configuration indication state (TCI state),” “spatial relation,” “spatial domain filter,” “transmit power,” “phase rotation,” “antenna port,” “layer,” “number of layers,” “rank,” “resource,” “resource set,” “beam,” “beam width,” “beam angle,” “antenna,” “antenna element,” “panel,” “UE panel,” “transmitting entity,” and “receiving entity” may be used interchangeably.

[0324] In this disclosure, "antenna port" may be interpreted interchangeably with "antenna port for any signal / channel" (e.g., a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port). In this disclosure, "resource" may be interpreted interchangeably with "resource for any signal / channel" (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). Resources may include time / frequency / code / spatial / power resources. Furthermore, a spatial domain transmit filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmit filter and a spatial domain receive filter.

[0325] The above group may include, for example, at least one of the following: a spatial relationship group, a code division multiplexing (CDM) group, a reference signal (RS) group, a control resource set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, or a panel group.

[0326] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), and RS may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0327] Furthermore, in this disclosure, TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0328] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) properties," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0329] In this disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, subset may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0330] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information Identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. "Spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive as "a set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)," "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information," etc. TCI state and TCI may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. Spatial relationship information and spatial relationship may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0331] In this disclosure, terms such as “Base Station (BS),” “wireless base station,” “fixed station,” “NodeB,” “eNB (eNodeB),” “gNB (gNodeB),” “access point,” “Transmission Point (TP),” “Reception Point (RP),” “Transmission / Reception Point (TRP),” “panel,” “cell,” “sector,” “cell group,” “carrier,” and “component carrier” may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0332] A base station may house one or more (e.g., three) cells. If a base station houses multiple cells, the entire coverage area of ​​the base station may be divided into several smaller areas, each of which may also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms “cell” or “sector” refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and / or base station subsystems that provide communication services in that coverage.

[0333] In this disclosure, the transmission of information by a base station to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to perform a control / operation based on said information.

[0334] In this disclosure, terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," and "terminal" may be used interchangeably.

[0335] A mobile station may also be called a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other appropriate term.

[0336] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may also be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0337] The term "mobile object" refers to any movable object, regardless of its speed, and naturally includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of such mobile objects include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and items carried on them. Furthermore, such mobile objects may be autonomously driven objects operating based on operational commands.

[0338] The mobile entity may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane), an unmanned mobile entity (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0339] Figure 18 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, a rotation speed sensor 51, a pneumatic pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0340] The drive unit 41 consists of, for example, at least one of an engine, a motor, or an engine-motor hybrid. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0341] The electronic control unit 49 consists of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and communication ports (e.g., input / output (IO) ports) 63. Signals from various sensors 50-58 installed in the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 49. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0342] Signals from various sensors 50-58 include current signals from current sensor 50 for sensing motor current, rotational speed signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by rotational speed sensor 51, air pressure signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by air pressure sensor 52, vehicle speed signals acquired by vehicle speed sensor 53, acceleration signals acquired by acceleration sensor 54, accelerator pedal depression amount signals acquired by accelerator pedal sensor 55, brake pedal depression amount signals acquired by brake pedal sensor 56, operation signals of shift lever 45 acquired by shift lever sensor 57, and detection signals acquired by object detection sensor 58 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0343] The information service unit 59 consists of various devices for providing (outputting) various types of information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, including a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, display, television, and radio, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via a communication module 60 or the like to provide various types of information / services (for example, multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0344] The information service unit 59 may include input devices that accept input from the outside (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) or output devices that perform output to the outside (e.g., display, speaker, LED lamp, touch panel, etc.).

[0345] The driver assistance system unit 64 consists of various devices that provide functions to prevent accidents or reduce the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Inertial Navigation System (INS)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driver assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driver assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0346] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 sends and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle 40.

[0347] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with external devices. For example, it can send and receive various types of information to and from external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Alternatively, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 (it may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0348] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of the following to an external device via wireless communication: signals from the various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on said signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 59. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc., may also be called input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include the information based on the above input.

[0349] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, inter-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on the information service unit 59 installed in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit, which outputs information (for example, it outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 60).

[0350] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, various sensors 50-58, etc., which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0351] Furthermore, the term "base station" in this disclosure may be interpreted as "user terminal." For example, the various aspects / embodiments of this disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Also, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be interpreted as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., may be interpreted as sidelink channel.

[0352] Similarly, the term "user terminal" in this disclosure may be replaced with "base station." In this case, the base station 10 may be configured to have the same functions as the user terminal 20 described above.

[0353] In this disclosure, operations performed by a base station may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. In a network including one or more network nodes having base stations, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with terminals may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (for example, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving Gateway (S-GW), etc., but not limited to these), or a combination thereof.

[0354] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used individually, in combination, or switched between as needed during execution. Furthermore, the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc., of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be rearranged in order, provided they are consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present various step elements using exemplary order and are not limited to the specific order presented.

[0355] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure is Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (where x is, for example, an integer or decimal)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM®), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi®), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX®), IEEE 802.20, systems utilizing Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth®, or other appropriate wireless communication methods, and next-generation systems extended, modified, created, or defined based thereon may also be applied. Furthermore, multiple systems may be applied in combination (for example, a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0356] In this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based solely on" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based solely on" and "based at least on."

[0357] Any reference to elements using the designations “first,” “second,” etc., as used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient way to distinguish between two or more elements. Accordingly, the references to the first and second elements do not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in any way.

[0358] The term “determining” as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may be considered to mean judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, or inquiring (e.g., searching in tables, databases, or other data structures), ascertaining, etc.

[0359] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" may be considered as "judging (deciding)" things like receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory).

[0360] Furthermore, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of some action. In this disclosure, “judgment (decision)” may be interpreted as mutually interchangeable with the actions described above.

[0361] Furthermore, in this disclosure, “determine / determining” may be interpreted as “assume / assuming,” “expect / expecting,” or “consider / considering.” In addition, in this disclosure, “not expecting to do…” may be interpreted as “expecting not to do….”

[0362] In this disclosure, "expect" may be rephrased as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." (where "..." may be expressed as a that clause, an infinitive, etc.) may be rephrased as "be expected ..." or "do (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Similarly, "does not expect ..." may be rephrased as "be not expected ..." or "do not (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be rephrased as "An apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0363] The term "maximum transmit power" as used in this disclosure may mean the maximum transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0364] As used in this disclosure, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” and any variations thereof mean any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” with each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” may be replaced with “access.”

[0365] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they can be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., and, in some non-exclusive and non-exclusive examples, electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency domain, microwave domain, and optical (both visible and invisible) domain.

[0366] In this disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combine" may be interpreted similarly to "different."

[0367] Where the terms “include,” “including,” and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, as is the term “comprising.” Furthermore, the term “or” as used in this disclosure is not intended to mean exclusive OR.

[0368] In this disclosure, if articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, this disclosure may include the fact that the noun following these articles is plural.

[0369] In this disclosure, "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than or equal to," "more than," and "equal to" may be interpreted interchangeably. In addition, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees. In addition, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees, by adding "i-th" (where i is any integer) to the expression (for example, "highest" may be interpreted interchangeably with "i-th highest").

[0370] In this disclosure, "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," and "associated with" may be interpreted as being interchangeable.

[0371] In this disclosure, phrases such as "when A, B", "if A, then B", "B upon A", "B in response to A", "B based on A", "B during / while A", "B before A", "B at (the same time as) / on A", "B after A", "B since A", and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Furthermore, A, B, etc., may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, or regular sentences depending on the context. The time difference between A and B may be approximately zero (immediately after or immediately before). Additionally, a time offset may be applied to the time when A occurs. For example, "A" may be interpreted as "before / after the time offset when A occurs". The time offset (e.g., one or more symbols / slots) may be predetermined or determined by the UE based on notified information.

[0372] In this disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any unit of time (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0373] Although the invention described herein has been explained in detail above, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the invention described herein is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The descriptions herein are illustrative and not intended to be restrictive in any way to the invention described herein.

[0374] This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2025-031706, filed on February 28, 2025. All of its contents are included herein.

Claims

1. A terminal having a receiving unit that receives configuration information regarding sensing Synchronization Signal Blocks (SSBs) and receives one or more SSB bursts containing multiple sensing SSBs, and a control unit that measures the sensing SSBs, wherein beam sweeping is applied to multiple SSBs within one SSB burst, or beam sweeping is applied between different SSB bursts.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein in the setting information, one set is set as the SSB burst period for both the plurality of sensing SSBs and the communication SSBs.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein in the setting information, the candidate SSB for sensing is set as part of the candidate SSB within one SSB burst for communication.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein in the setting information, the candidate SSB for sensing within the SSB burst is set separately from the candidate SSB for communication.

5. A wireless communication method for a terminal comprising the steps of: receiving configuration information relating to sensing Synchronization Signal Blocks (SSBs); receiving one or more SSB bursts containing multiple sensing SSBs; and measuring the sensing SSBs, wherein beam sweeping is applied to multiple SSBs within one SSB burst, or between different SSB bursts.

6. A base station having a transmitting unit that transmits configuration information relating to sensing Synchronization Signal Blocks (SSBs) and transmits one or more SSB bursts including multiple sensing SSBs, and a control unit that controls the reception of measurement results of the sensing SSBs, wherein beam sweeping is applied to multiple SSBs within one SSB burst, or beam sweeping is applied between different SSB bursts.

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