Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure comprises a reception unit that receives orbit information pertaining to an orbit which is to be subjected to a plurality of measurements for aperture synthesis, and a control unit that carries out the plurality of measurements at a plurality of respective positions based on the orbit.

Description

Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

[0001] This disclosure relates to terminals, wireless communication methods, and base stations in next-generation mobile communication systems.

[0002] In the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network, Long Term Evolution (LTE) was specified with the aim of achieving even higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Literature 1). Furthermore, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) was specified with the aim of further increasing the capacity and sophistication of LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP®) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (for example, 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 and later) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010

[0005] Various sensing methods are being considered for future wireless communication systems. For example, a terminal (user terminal, User Equipment (UE)) / base station (e.g., gNB) could transmit sensing signals to the base station / terminal via the target.

[0006] However, the details of the sensing process involving the terminals have not been sufficiently examined. If this examination is insufficient, there is a risk that the desired sensing performance cannot be achieved.

[0007] Therefore, one of the objectives of this disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that improve sensing performance.

[0008] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a receiving unit that receives trajectory information relating to a trajectory in which a plurality of measurements for aperture synthesis will be performed, and a control unit that performs the plurality of measurements at a plurality of positions based on the trajectory.

[0009] According to one aspect of this disclosure, sensing performance can be improved.

[0010] Figures 1A and 1B show an example of a monostatic sensing scenario at BS or UE. Figures 2A and 2B show an example of a bistatic sensing scenario between BS or between UEs. Figures 3A and 3B show an example of a bistatic sensing scenario between BS and UE. Figure 4 shows an example of an NR positioning architecture. Figure 5 shows an example of a location service sequence. Figure 6 shows an example of a synthetic aperture sensing method. Figures 7A and 7B show an example of a UE-assisted synthetic aperture sensing method. Figures 8A-8C show another example of a UE-assisted synthetic aperture sensing method. Figure 9 shows an example of a trajectory setting reception procedure according to Embodiment A1. Figure 10 shows an example of bistatic sensing from BS to UE according to option 1 of Embodiment A1-2a. Figure 11 shows an example of bistatic sensing from BS to UE according to a variation of option 1 of Embodiment A1-2a. Figure 12 shows an example of bistatic sensing from BS to UE according to option 2 of embodiment A1-2a. Figure 13 shows an example of arc-type trajectory setting. Figure 14 shows an example of bistatic sensing from BS to UE according to multiple sets of information for option 2 of embodiment A1-2a. Figure 15 shows another example of bistatic sensing from BS to UE according to multiple sets of information for option 2 of embodiment A1-2a. Figure 16 shows an example of bistatic sensing from BS to UE according to option 3 of embodiment A1-2a. Figure 17 shows another example of bistatic sensing from BS to UE according to option 3 of embodiment A1-2a. Figure 18 shows an example of a sensing procedure according to option 2-a of embodiment A2-0. Figure 19 shows an example of a sensing procedure according to option 2-b of embodiment A2-0. Figure 20 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. Figure 21 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to one embodiment. Figure 22 shows an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. Figure 23 shows an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. Figure 24 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment.

[0011] The motivation for integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) is to achieve high sensing performance and novel / enhanced services by using various frequencies and cellular network equipment, and to optimize network parameters by analyzing real-time sensing data. Use cases and potential requirements for extending 5G systems to provide sensing services to address multiple different target industries / applications are being considered, and some use cases may include non-3GPP type (non-wireless communication type) sensors (e.g., radar, cameras).

[0012] For example, Use Case 1 is sensing for traffic management in tourist areas. For example, Use Case 2 is intruder detection in a smart home environment.

[0013] ISAC (Information-Assisted Communication) is being considered, specifically sensing-assisted communication and communication-assisted sensing. Sensing-assisted communication includes sensing-assisted beam management and sensing-assisted resource allocation. Communication-assisted sensing includes network sensing and coordinated sensing. To realize these, waveforms, beamforming, artificial intelligence (AI) / deep learning (DL) operating radio access technology (RAT), frame structure, and reference signals are being considered. In addition, shared spectrum, hardware, and algorithms for ISAC, such as higher frequency bands, larger antenna arrays, and similar signal processing algorithms for communication and sensing, are being considered.

[0014] In ISAC, challenges include unified waveforms that simultaneously satisfy the requirements of communication (e.g., OFDM signals) and sensing (e.g., chirp signals), ISAC beamforming that simultaneously achieves communication (e.g., transmitted signals, received signals), sensing (e.g., echo signals, transmitted signals, reflected signals), and interference suppression between them, and CSI mining by AI, which extracts sensing information from channel information of communication (e.g., UL transmitted signals) and radar (e.g., DL radar signals) using an AI / DL network.

[0015] Based on whether the communication and radar (sensing) systems share hardware / bands, three types of radar and communication systems are considered. These three types are independent radar and communication systems (independent systems), joint radar and communication systems (joint systems), and integrated radar and communication systems (integrated systems). The following discussion will focus on ISAC systems, where hardware and bands are shared between the radar and communication systems.

[0016] (Wireless Sensing) Wireless sensing based on communication radio waves is a key means of enabling the prospect of 6G cyber-physical systems (CPS). ISAC can be realized by 5G-advanced(A) and 6G, with the development of higher frequencies and wider bandwidths. The design of ISAC waveforms and sensing reference signals (RS) is a key technology for realizing wireless sensing.

[0017] Use cases for ISAC include the metaverse, high altitude platform station (HAPS) sensing, and crowd estimation. HAPS can be an aircraft at an altitude of around 20 km and can be used in non-terrestrial networks (NTN).

[0018] HAPS sensing enables ultra-remote distance sensing using echo signals, based on the support of communication functions. Considering that the sensing distance depends on the intensity of the echo signal, extremely low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) sensing or sensing sequence is required to improve the SNR of the echo signal under given transmit power.

[0019] (Sensing Modes / Methods) Conventional communication systems include communication between one BS (base station, gNB) and one UE, and joint transmission between multiple BS and one UE. Conventional radar systems include monostatic radar, where one radar transmits a radar signal and that radar receives echoes from the sensing target, and bistatic / multistatic radar, where one radar transmits a radar signal and one or more radars receive echoes from the sensing target.

[0020] An independent system uses separate hardware and separate frequency bands for radar and communications. The separate hardware may be installed in the same location or in separate locations.

[0021] A joint system uses the same hardware for radar and communications, but with separate frequency bands.

[0022] A unified system uses the same hardware and the same frequency band for radar and communications.

[0023] Sensing in the ISAC system can be achieved by one of the following sensing methods: ◆ Monostatic sensing: Monostatic sensing using the idea of ​​monostatic radar. This sensing method requires one BS or one UE and performs sensing using echo signals. In this sensing method, there is no coordination between BS-BS, UE-UE, or BS-UE. A use case for this sensing method is, for example, terahertz imaging. ◆ Bistatic sensing / multistatic sensing: Bistatic sensing / multistatic sensing using bistatic radar / multistatic radar. This sensing method requires two or more BS or two or more UE and performs sensing using reflected signals. A use case for this sensing method is, for example, positioning. ◆ UE-assisted sensing: UE-assisted sensing (sensing aided by UE) using the idea of ​​NR positioning. This sensing method requires a BS and UE and performs sensing using communication (UL / DL) signals. The existing 5G NR framework operates within this sensing method. This sensing method requires a UE, and both line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) sensing require high computational complexity. A use case for this sensing method is, for example, breath monitoring.

[0024] [Monostatic Sensing] This sensing method includes BS (gNB) monostatic sensing (Figure 1A) and UE monostatic sensing (Figure 1B).

[0025] A scenario suitable for monostatic sensing has the following characteristics: ◆ The sensing target is located near the sensing BS / UE and requires a high or moderate SNR for the echo signal. ◆ The target does not need to have communication capabilities.

[0026] The capability requirements for monostatic sensing have the following characteristics: ◆ High capability is required for full duplex in BS or UE.

[0027] Monostatic sensing has the following characteristics: ◆ Higher accuracy due to the absence of quantization. ◆ Accuracy is related to the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the echo signal. ◆ Low latency.

[0028] [Bistatic Sensing / Multistatic Sensing] This sensing method includes bistatic sensing from BS1 to BS2 (BS1-to-BS2, BS1-BS2) (Figure 2A), bistatic sensing from UE to BS (UE-to-BS, UE-BS) (Figure 2B), bistatic sensing from BS to UE (BS-to-UE, BS-UE) (Figure 3A), and bistatic sensing from UE1 to UE2 (UE1-to-UE2, UE1-UE2) (Figure 3B).

[0029] A suitable scenario for bistatic sensing from BS1 to BS2 has the following characteristics: ◆ Close synchronization and coordination between BSs are required, and scheduling coordination between multiple BSs is necessary. ◆ The target does not need to have communication capabilities.

[0030] The capability requirements for bistatic sensing from BS1 to BS2 have the following characteristics: ◆ Because it is half-duplex, it can be implemented even with low capability. ◆ High capability is required for synchronization between BSs.

[0031] The performance of bistatic sensing from BS1 to BS2 has the following characteristics: ◆ Accuracy is high because quantization is not used. ◆ Accuracy is related to the SNR of the echo signal. ◆ Latency is moderate.

[0032] Scenarios suitable for bistatic sensing from UE to BS, bistatic sensing from BS to UE, and UE-UE bistatic sensing have the following characteristics: ◆ It is necessary that there is a communication UE around the target.

[0033] The capability requirements for bistatic sensing from UE to BS have the following characteristics: ◆ It can be achieved even with low capability due to being half-duplex. ◆ High UE positioning accuracy is required.

[0034] The capability requirements for bistatic sensing from BS to UE and from UE1 to UE2 have the following characteristics: ◆ It can be implemented even with low capability due to being half-duplex. ◆ The UE requires sufficient computing resources and high accuracy in detecting reflected signals. ◆ High accuracy in UE positioning is required.

[0035] The performance of bistatic sensing from UE to BS, bistatic sensing from BS to UE, and UE-UE bistatic sensing has the following characteristics: ◆Accuracy is moderate due to quantization of the feedback value. ◆Accuracy is related to the placed resource and UE position. ◆Latency is long.

[0036] In the embodiments described later, the following scenarios and assumptions may be used: ◆ In the ISAC scenario, communication and sensing functions are required. ◆ For low complexity and backward compatibility, TDD (half-duplex) may be assumed instead of full-duplex in BS and UE.

[0037] In a TDD-based ISAC system, it is preferable that the sensing signal and the reflection / echo signal are transmitted and received in different time resources. For example, in BS-based sensing including monostatic BS sensing and bistatic sensing from BS1 to BS2, it is preferable that the sensing signal is transmitted in DL time resources and the reflection / echo signal is received in UL time resources. For example, in UE-based sensing including monostatic UE sensing and bistatic sensing from UE1 to UE2, it is preferable that the sensing signal is transmitted in UL time resources and the reflection / echo signal is received in DL time resources. In bistatic sensing from BS to UE, it is preferable that DL time resources are used for sensing. In bistatic sensing from UE to DL, it is preferable that UL time resources are used for sensing.

[0038] In this disclosure, the sensing mode, sensing method, sensing type, and sensing use case may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0039] (UE positioning using AI technology) Fingerprinting localization, which estimates the position of wireless devices by utilizing the propagation characteristics of wireless signals, is widely used in both Line of Site (LOS) and Non-Line of Site (NLOS) scenarios.

[0040] In this disclosure, LOS may mean that the UE and the base station are in a line of sight to each other (or there are no obstructions), and NLOS may mean that the UE and the base station are not in a line of sight to each other (or there are obstructions).

[0041] In fingerprint localization, the location of a UE is estimated based on a database / AI model using fingerprints from multiple transmission paths (multipath) of the UE.

[0042] Multipath information may also include, for example, information regarding the angle of arrival (AoA) and angle of departure (AoD) of signals in the optimal / candidate transmission path.

[0043] In this disclosure, AoA information may include, for example, information on at least one of the azimuth angles of arrival and the zenith angles of arrival. Similarly, AoD information may include, for example, information on at least one of the azimuth angles of departure and the zenith angles of departure.

[0044] 3GPP Rel. 16 NR supports the following positioning technologies: ◆ Positioning based on DL / UL Time Difference Of Arrival (TDOA), ◆ Positioning based on angle (DL AoD / UL AoA), ◆ Positioning based on Multi-Round Trip Time (RTT), ◆ Positioning based on Enhanced Cell ID (E-CID).

[0045] In DL / UL TDOA-based positioning, consider a case where, for example, multiple base stations (TRP#0-#2) are positioned around a UE. In this positioning method, the UE's position is estimated (measured) using the measured Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD). For example, the RSTD (T) for two specific base stations (TRP#i, #j (i,j are integers)) ｉ -T ｊ ) has a value (k ｉ，ｊ Connecting the points that take the shape of the hyperbola H ｉ，ｊ This can be drawn. The intersection of multiple such hyperbolas (in this example, H ０，１、 H １，２、 H ２，０The intersection of the two points may be estimated as the position of the UE. In addition, the position of the UE may be estimated using the RSRP of the reference signal.

[0046] In positioning methods based on DL AoD / UL AoA, the position of the UE is estimated using DL AoD measurements (e.g., θ or φ) or UL AoA measurements (e.g., θ or φ). Alternatively, the position of the UE may be estimated using RSRP.

[0047] In a multi-RTT-based positioning method, the location of the UE is estimated using multiple RTTs calculated from the Tx / Rx time difference of a reference signal (and additionally RSRP, RSRQ, etc.). For example, geometric circles based on RTTs can be drawn around each base station. The intersection of these multiple circles may be estimated as the location of the UE.

[0048] E-CID-based positioning: In this positioning method, the location of the UE is estimated based on the geometric position of the serving cell / neighbor cell and additional measurement results (Tx-Rx time difference, RSRP, RSRQ, etc.).

[0049] The positioning in DL (DL TDOA, DL AoD) described above may be performed on the UE side or the LMF side. For example, in UE-based positioning, the UE may calculate its own position based on various measurement results from the UE and assistance information from the LMF. Alternatively, in UE-assisted positioning, the UE may report various measurement results to the LMF, and the LMF may calculate the UE's position. The assistance information may be information to assist in the estimation of the UE's position.

[0050] The positioning in the above-mentioned UL (UL TDOA, UL AoA) may be performed on the LMF side. In this case, the base station may report the various measurement results to the LMF, and the LMF may calculate the position of the UE.

[0051] The positioning in DL and UL (Multi-RTT, E-CID) described above may be performed on the LMF side. In this case, the UE / base station may report various measurement results to the LMF, and the LMF may calculate the UE's position.

[0052] Furthermore, 3GPP Rel. 17 proposes a positioning method using assistance information to further improve positioning accuracy. Assistance information may be transmitted between the UE, base station, and LMF as measurement information for DL / UL-TDOA, DL-AoD / UL-AoA, multi-RTT, and E-CID as described above.

[0053] Assistance information may include information on at least one of the following: ◆Timing Error Group (TEG), ◆RSRPP (Path-Specific RSRP), ◆Expected angle, ◆Adjacent beam information, ◆TRP antenna / beam information, ◆LOS / NLOS indicator, ◆Additional path report.

[0054] TEG may indicate one or more PRS (Positioning Reference Signal) resources whose transmission / reception timing errors (Rx / Tx timing errors) are within a certain margin.

[0055] RSRPP may represent the measurement result of RSRP in the first pass.

[0056] In UL positioning, assistance information regarding the expected angle may indicate the expected UL-AoA / ZoA. This assistance information may be transmitted from the LMF to the base station. Furthermore, this assistance information may support at least one positioning from UL TDOA, UL AoA, and multi-RTT.

[0057] In DL positioning, assistance information regarding the expected angle may include information regarding the expected DL-AoA / ZoA or DL-AoD / ZoD. This assistance information may be transmitted from the LMF to the UE. Furthermore, this assistance information may support at least one positioning method from DL TDOA, DL AoA, and multi-RTT. This improves the accuracy of angle-based UE positioning and enables optimization of Rx beamforming of the UE or base station.

[0058] Furthermore, assistance information regarding the predicted angle may include not only the values ​​of AoA / ZoA / AoD / ZoD themselves as described above, but also information indicating the uncertainty range of these values.

[0059] As additional beam information, adjacent beam information may include a subset of DL-PRS resources for prioritizing DL-AoD reports (Option 1), or information regarding the boresight direction of each DL-PRS resource (Option 2). This allows for optimization of UE's Rx beam sweeping and DL-AoD measurements.

[0060] Additionally, the assistance information may include PRS beam pattern information as extra beam information. This PRS beam pattern information may include information on the relative power between DL-PRS resources for each angle for each TRP.

[0061] The LOS / NLOS indicator may display information regarding Line of Site (LOS) and Non-Line of Site (NLOS).

[0062] Furthermore, in order to improve the positioning delay of the UE, pre-set measurement gaps (MG), MG activation via lower layers, MG-less position, PRS Rx / Tx in RRC_INACTIVE state, or on-demand PRS may be set for the UE (or used by the UE).

[0063] In 3GPP Rel. 17 NR, it is agreed that UEs should measure and report the RSRP of adjacent beams in order to improve the accuracy of UE position estimation. For example, in the UE-assisted DL-AoD positioning method, the LMF may indicate that at least one of the following options 1-2 is included in the assistance information.

[0064] ◆Option 1: A subset of PRS resources for the purpose of prioritizing DL-AOD reporting. This subset may be set for each PRS resource depending on the UE's capabilities. The UE may include the PRS measurements required for a subset of PRS in the additional measurements for DL-AoD if the PRS measurements required for the relevant PRS are reported. The required PRS measurements may be DL PRS RSRP / path PRS RSRP. The UE may report PRS measurements only for a subset of PRS resources. The subset related to a PRS resource may reside in the same / different PRS resource set as the PRS resource in question. ◆Option 2: Information regarding boresight direction set for each PRS resource depending on the UE's capabilities.

[0065] In 3GPP Rel. 16 NR, it is agreed that the expected RSTD and its uncertainty range should be provided from the LMF to the UE. Furthermore, in Rel. 17, it is agreed that the expected angle and its uncertainty range should be provided from the LMF to the UE in order to reduce errors and complexities in AoA / AoD measurements.

[0066] In 3GPP Rel. 17 NR, the introduction of a Positioning Reference Unit (PRU) is being considered for positioning. The PRU is being discussed as a reference device with a known location to mitigate transmission and reception timing errors of UE / gNB. The PRU may also be interpreted as UE / gNB / TRP (transmission reception point) / TP (transmission point).

[0067] For example, the PRU may support at least one of the following: ◆ Measuring DL PRS and reporting the relevant measurement (e.g., RSTD / Transmit / Receive Time Difference / RSRP) to the LMF; ◆ Transmitting SRS and enabling the TRP to measure and report the relevant measurement (e.g., Relative Time of Arrival: RTOA / Transmit / Receive Time Difference, AOA) to the LMF; ◆ Operation, measurement, and various parameters (enhancement of transmit / receive timing delay, AoD and AOA, and parameters related to measurement calibration); ◆ Reporting the position coordinate information of the reference device to the LMF if the LMF does not have position coordinate information; ◆ The reference device whose position is known is a UE / gNB; ◆ Accuracy that allows the position of the reference device to be known.

[0068] There are two use cases for positioning using AI models: ◆ Direct AI / ML positioning, and ◆ AI / ML assisted positioning.

[0069] Direct AI / ML positioning outputs, for example, UE positioning (UE location). AI / ML assisted positioning outputs, for example, intermediate features. These intermediate features may be input back into the AI / ML model.

[0070] As an example of the AI / ML-assisted positioning output described above, at least one of the following may be included: ◆ Identification of LOS / NLOS (probability of LOS / NLOS), ◆ ToA (time of arrival of PRS / SRS), ◆ Rx-Tx (transmit / receive) time difference, ◆ AoA / AoD, ◆ Number of waves, Rx-Tx (transmit / receive) phase difference (phase measurement of Rel. 18), ◆ DL RSTD / UL TDOA, ◆ DL-PRS / UL-SRS, RSRPs / RSRPPPs, ◆ Likelihood of the above values ​​(e.g., probability of ToA).

[0071] Positioning in Rel. 18 introduces sidelink positioning based on the Sidelink Positioning Protocol (SLPP). For example, SL-RTT, SL-AoA, SL-TDOA, and SL-TOA are introduced. For example, the sidelink reference signal used for position calculation is called SL-PRS. At least one of the following may be used as a measurement based on SL-PRS: SL PRS-RSRP, SL PRS-RSRPP, SL RTOA, SL AoA, sidelink receive-transmit (Rx-Tx) time difference, SL RSTD, SL PRS-RSSI, SL PRS-channel occupancy ratio (CR), and SL PRS-channel busy ratio (CBR). Furthermore, as a measurement related to the carrier phase positioning method, at least one of UL / DL reference signal carrier phase (RSCP) and DL reference signal carrier phase difference (RSCPD) may be used.

[0072] (Location Services: 5G System (5GS) Location Services (LCS) / Architecture Model and Concepts / Functional description of LCS per network function) The following abbreviations may be used in this disclosure. ◆5G Core Network: 5GC, 5GCN ◆5G System: 5GS ◆[Radio] Access Network: [R]AN ◆Next Generation-Radio Access Network: NG-RAN ◆Access and Mobility Management Function: AMF ◆Location Management Function: LMF ◆Non-3GPP InterWorking Function: N3IWF ◆Mobile Originated Location Request: MO-LR ◆Mobile Terminated Location Request: MT-LR ◆Network Induced Location Request: NI-LR ◆Gateway Mobile Location Center: GMLC ◆Network Exposure Function: NEF ◆Public Land Mobile Network: PLMN ◆Trusted Non-3GPP Access Network: TNAN ◆Internet Protocol: IP ◆IP Multimedia Subsystem: IMS ◆Unified Data Management: UDM ◆Unified Data Repository: UDR ◆Quality of Service: QoS

[0073] The 5G system architecture includes the following service-based interfaces: ◆ Namf: A service-based interface presented by AMF. ◆ Nnef: A service-based interface presented by NEF.

[0074] The 5GS LCS architecture includes the following service-based interfaces for Location Services: ◆ Nlmf: A service-based interface presented by LMF. ◆ Ngmlc: A service-based interface presented by GMLC.

[0075] The 5G system architecture includes the following reference points: ◆N1: Reference point between UE and AMF. ◆N2: Reference point between (R)AN and AMF.

[0076] An NG-RAN node is either a gNB or an ng-eNB. A gNB is a node that provides protocol termination for the user plane and control plane of the NR for UEs and is connected to the 5GC via the NG interface. An ng-eNB is a node that provides protocol termination for the user plane and control plane of the E-UTRA for UEs and is connected to the 5GC via the NG interface.

[0077] The gNB may provide measurement information for the target UE and transmit this information to the LMF. To support NR RAT-dependent positioning, the gNB may perform radio signal measurements for the target UE and provide measurement results for position estimation.

[0078] The ng-eNB may provide measurement results for position estimation, provide measurement information for the target UE, and transmit these measurements to the LMF. The ng-eNB performs its measurements upon request (on-demand or periodic) from the LMF. The ng-eNB may provide multiple TPs. The ng-eNB may broadcast assistance data information received from the LMF within a positioning system information message.

[0079] The UE may perform measurements with DL signals from the NG-RAN and other sources such as the E-UTRAN, different GNSS and TBS systems, WLAN access points, Bluetooth® beacons, and the UE's barometric pressure and motion sensors. The measurements performed are determined by the selected positioning method. The UE may include, for example, an independent positioning function (e.g., global positioning systems (GPS)) that allows it to report its location independently of the NG-RAN transmission. A UE with an independent positioning function may utilize assistance information obtained from the network.

[0080] The Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) is responsible for managing the positioning of target UEs for all types of location requests. The AMF can access the GMLC and NEF via the Namf interface, the RAN via the N2 reference point, and the UEs via the N1 reference point. Functions performed by the AMF to support location services include: ◆ The AMF initiates NI-LR location requests for UEs making IMS emergency calls or to determine the geographical area of ​​UEs making NE satellite access for PLMN selection verification. ◆ The AMF receives and manages location requests from the GMLC for 5GC-MT-LR and delayed 5GC-MT-LR for periodic location events, triggered location events, and location events available to UEs. ◆ The AMF receives and manages location requests from UEs for 5GC-MO-LR. ◆ The AMF receives and manages event disclosure requests for location information from the NEF. ◆ The AMF selects the LMF. ◆ The AMF receives updated privacy requirements from the UE and forwards them to the UDR via the UDM. ◆ The AMF supports the cancellation of periodic or triggered location reports for target UEs. ◆ The AMF supports the change of the serving LMF for periodic or triggered location reports for target UEs. ◆ If assistance data is broadcast by 5GS in an encrypted format, the AMF receives the encryption key from the LMF and forwards it to the appropriately subscribed UE using mobility management procedures. ◆ The AMF stores the UE positioning capability received from the LMF and sends that UE positioning capability to the LMF along with the received location requests.

[0081] The Location Management Function (LMF) manages the support for different location services to a target UE, including UE positioning and the delivery of assistance data to the UE. The LMF may interact with a serving gNB or serving eNB to obtain location measurements for the UE, including UL measurements taken by the NG-RAN and DL measurements taken by the UE and provided to the NG-RAN as part of other functions such as handover.

[0082] The LMF manages the full standby coordination and scheduling of resources required for the location of a UE registering with or accessing 5GCN. It may also calculate or verify estimates of the final location and any speed, and estimate the accuracy achieved. The LMF receives location requests for target UEs from the serving AMF using the Nlmf interface. The LMF interacts with UEs for the exchange of location information applicable to UE-assisted and UE-based positioning methods, and communicates with NG-RAN, N3IWF, or TNAN to obtain location information.

[0083] Additional functions that may be performed by the LMF to support location services include: ◆ The LMF supports requests for single locations received from the Serving AMF to the target UE. ◆ The LMF supports requests for periodic or triggered locations received from the Serving AMF to the target UE. ◆ The LMF determines the type and number of positioning methods and procedures based on the UE, PLMN capability, QoS, UE connectivity state per access type, LCS client type, coordination type, optional, service type, and instructions requiring reliable UE location information. ◆ The LMF directly reports UE location estimates to the GMLC for periodic or triggered locations of the target UE. ◆ The LMF supports cancellation of periodic or triggered locations for the target UE. ◆ The LMF supports the delivery of broadcast assistance data via the NG-RAN in encrypted or unencrypted format, and the transfer of encryption keys to authorized UEs via the AMF. ◆ The LMF supports changes to the serving LMF for periodic or triggered location reports to target UEs. ◆ The LMF supports the receipt of stored UE positioning capabilities from the AMF and the provision of updated UE positioning capabilities to the AMF. ◆ The LMF maps UE locations to geographic areas where the PLMN is permitted or not permitted to operate based on requests from the AMF. ◆ The LMF supports the determination of UE locations in scheduled location times. ◆ The LMF determines whether to use the user plane or the control plane for positioning.◆ The LMF supports handling of 5GC-MT-LR, 5GC-NI-LR, 5GC-MO-LR, and delayed 5GC-MT-LR for periodic or triggered locations across the user plane connection between the UE and the LMF.

[0084] (NR Positioning Architecture: Stage 2 functional specification of UE positioning in NG-RAN / NG-RAN UE Positioning Architecture) The following abbreviations may be used in this disclosure.

[0085] Figure 4 shows an example of an architecture in 5GS (NR positioning architecture) applicable to positioning UEs using NR or E-UTRA access. In the case of a split gNB architecture as in this example, the gNB-DU may include TRP functionality, and the TRP functionality may support functionality for TP, RP, or both TP and RP. A gNB-DU including TRP functionality does not need to provide cell services. The NG-RAN includes ng-eNB and gNB.

[0086] The AMF receives a request from another entity (e.g., GLMC or UE) for some location service associated with a particular target UE, or the AMF itself decides to initiate some location service on behalf of a particular target UE (e.g., in response to an IMS emergency call from that UE). The AMF then sends the location service request to the LMF. The LMF processes the location service request, which may include at least one of the following: the transfer of assistance data to the target UE to assist in UE-based / UE-assisted positioning, and the positioning of the target UE. The LMF then returns the results of the location service (e.g., a location estimate for the UE) to the AMF.

[0087] The NR-Uu interface (a wireless interface between UE and UTRA) that connects the UE to the gNB wirelessly is used as one of several transport links for the NR positioning protocol for target UEs that use NR access to the NG-RAN.

[0088] The LTE-Uu interface (wireless interface), which connects the UE to the ng-eNB wirelessly, is used as one of several transport links for the LTE positioning protocol for target UEs that use LTE access to the NG-RAN.

[0089] The NG-C interfaces between gNB and AMF, and between ng-eNB and AMF, are transparent (unaware) to all UE positioning-related procedures. The NG-C interfaces are involved in these procedures only as a transport link for NR positioning protocols.

[0090] The NL1 interface between the LMF and AMF is transparent to all UE, gNB, and ng-eNB related to the positioning procedure. The NL1 interface is used only as a transport link between LPP and NRPPPa.

[0091] As shown in Figure 5, the overall sequence of events applicable to the UE, NG-RAN, and LMF in location services follows several steps: ◆1a. Some entity within the 5GC (e.g., GMLC) requests some location service (e.g., positioning) for a target UE from the serving AMF. ◆1b. Or, the serving AMF for the target UE determines that some location service is needed (e.g., to locate the UE for an emergency call). ◆1c. Or, the UE requests some location service from the serving AMF at the NAS level. ◆2. The AMF forwards the location service request to the LMF. ◆3a. The LMF initiates a location procedure using the serving ng-eNB or gNB in ​​the NG-RAN, and if possible, adjacent ng-eNB or gNB in ​​the NG-RAN, to obtain location measurements or assistance data. ◆3b. In addition to or instead of step 3a, the LMF initiates a location procedure with the UE (for example, to obtain a location estimate or location measurement, or to transfer assistance data to the UE). ◆4. The LMF provides a location service response to its AMF, including any necessary results (for example, the results include an indication of success or failure, and the UE's location estimate if requested and obtained). ◆5a. If step 1a was performed, the AMF returns a location service response to the 5GC entity in step 1a, including any necessary results (for example, the UE's location estimate). ◆5b. If step 1b was performed, the AMF uses the location service response received in step 4 to assist the service that triggered it in step 1b (for example, it may provide the GMLC with a location estimate associated with an emergency call). ◆5c. If step 1c is performed, the AMF returns a location service response to the UE, including any necessary results (e.g., the UE's location estimate).

[0092] (NR Positioning Protocol: Stage 2 functional specification of UE positioning in NG-RAN / Signalling protocols and interfaces) In this disclosure, the following abbreviations may be used: ◆Enhanced Cell-ID (positioning method): E-CID ◆Observed Time Difference Of Arrival: OTDOA ◆Multi-Round Trip Time: Multi-RTT ◆Uplink Angle of Arrival: UL-AoA ◆Azimuth-Angle of Arrival: A-AoA ◆Zenith-Angle of Arrival: Z-AoA ◆Uplink Time Difference of Arrival: UL-TDOA ◆Downlink Time Difference of Arrival: DL-TDOA ◆Downlink Angle-of-Departure: DL-AoD ◆wireless local area network: WLAN ◆terrestrial beacon system: TBS ◆Metropolitan Beacon System: MBS ◆Positioning Reference Signal: PRS ◆UserPlane Location Protocol: ULP

[0093] The NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPPa) transmits information between NG-RAN nodes and LMFs. It is used to support the following positioning functions: ◆ E-CID for E-UTRA, where measured values ​​are transferred from ng-eNB to LMF. ◆ Data collection from ng-eNB or gNB to support OTDOA for E-UTRA. ◆ Acquisition of cell IDs and cell portion (portion) IDs from gNBs to support NR cell ID positioning methods. ◆ Exchange of information between LMFs and NG-RAN nodes for the purpose of broadcasting assistance data. ◆ NR E-CID, where measured values ​​are transferred from gNB to LMF. ◆ NR Multi-RTT, where measured values ​​are transferred from gNB to LMF. ◆ NR UL-AoA, where measured values ​​are transferred from gNB to LMF. ◆NR UL-TDOA, where measured values ​​are transferred from gNB to LMF. ◆Data acquisition from gNB for support of DL-TDOA, DL-AoD, Multi-RTT, UL-TDOA, and UL-AoA. ◆Transfer of measurement pre-configuration information, allowing LMF to request the NG-RAN node to pre-configure and activate / deactivate the measurement gap / PRS processing window.

[0094] The LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) is terminated between the target device (UE in the control plane case, or SET in the user plane case) and the positioning server (LMF in the control plane case, or SLP in the user plane case).

[0095] The LPP protocol aims to enable the positioning of NR and LTE using multiple different positioning methods, while separating the details of any specific positioning method from the details of the underlying transport.

[0096] An LPP procedure involves request / response pairing of multiple messages or one or more "unaccepted" messages. Each procedure has a single objective (e.g., transfer of assistance data, exchange of LPP-related capabilities, or positioning of a target device according to some QoS and one or more positioning method specifications). Multiple procedures can be used in series or parallel to achieve more complex objectives (e.g., positioning of a target device with respect to the transfer of assistance data and the exchange of LPP-related capabilities). Multiple procedures further allow for attempting more than one positioning simultaneously (e.g., to obtain a coarse location estimate using low latency and a more accurate location estimate using high latency).

[0097] (Standard UE Positioning Methods: Stage 2 functional specification of UE positioning in NG-RAN / Main concepts and requirements / Standard UE Positioning Methods) The standard UE positioning methods supported for NG-RAN access are as follows: ◆ NW-assisted GNSS method ◆ LTE signal-based OTDOA positioning ◆ LTE signal-based extended cell ID method (E-CID) ◆ WLAN positioning ◆ Bluetooth® positioning ◆ TBS positioning ◆ Sensor-based positioning: ―◆ Barometric pressure sensor ―◆ Motion sensor ◆ NR signal-based NR extended cell ID method (NR E-CID) ◆ NR signal-based multi-RTT ◆ NR signal-based DL-AoD ◆ NR signal-based DL-TDOA ◆ NR signal-based UL-TDOA ◆ Based on the NR signal, UL-AoA includes A-AoA and Z-AoA.

[0098] OTDOA includes TBS positioning based on PRS. Existing specifications only support OTDOA based on LTE signals. If the UE is served by gNB, the E-CID includes the cell ID for the NR method. The E-CID is an extended cell ID based on LTE signals. Existing specifications only support TBS positioning based on MBS signals.

[0099] Hybrid positioning using multiple methods from a list of multiple positioning methods is supported. Standalone mode (i.e., autonomous without network assistance) using one or more methods from the list of multiple positioning methods is also supported.

[0100] These multiple positioning methods may be supported for at least one of the following: a UE-based version, a UE-assisted / LMF-based version, and an NG-RAN node-assisted version.

[0101] (Synthetic aperture sensing scheme) In sensing modes involving a UE (monostatic / bistatic), by utilizing the mobility of the UE, higher resolution sensing performance can be achieved based on a synthetic aperture scheme without changing the hardware.

[0102] In a UE-assisted synthetic aperture sensing scheme, the UE can move between a set number of locations and transmit / measure sensing signals, thereby exceeding the resolution limits of the physical aperture. A trajectory may be formed connecting the multiple locations. The UE may traverse the multiple locations by moving along the trajectory.

[0103] Figure 6 shows an example of a synthetic aperture sensing method. In this example, a physical aperture (UE) moves between multiple locations and transmits / measures sensing signals to form a synthetic aperture. In this way, a moving small aperture antenna can achieve spatial resolution equivalent to that of an extremely large aperture array (ELAA) through temporal accumulation.

[0104] (Point of Discussion) Figure 7A shows an example of a UE-assisted synthetic aperture sensing method using bistatic sensing from BS to UE. In this example, the gNB transmits a sensing signal to the target. The UE moves along the trajectory and receives / measures echoes from the target.

[0105] Figure 7B shows an example of a UE-assisted synthetic aperture sensing method using bistatic sensing from US to BS. In this example, the UE transmits sensing signals while moving along its trajectory. The BS receives and measures echoes from the target.

[0106] Figure 8A shows an example of a UE-assisted synthetic aperture sensing method using bistatic sensing from UE1 to UE2. In this example, UE1 (cooperative UE) transmits a sensing signal to the target. UE2 moves along the trajectory and receives / measures echoes from the target.

[0107] Figure 8B shows another example of a UE-assisted synthetic aperture sensing scheme using bistatic sensing from UE1 to UE2. UE1 transmits sensing signals while moving along the trajectory. UE2 (cooperative UE) receives / measures echoes from the target.

[0108] Figure 8C shows an example of UE monostatic sensing. In this example, the UE moves along its trajectory, transmitting a sensing signal and receiving echoes from the target.

[0109] In UE-assisted synthetic aperture sensing, in order to achieve sensing resolution that exceeds the limits of the physical aperture by utilizing the mobility of the UE, the measurement position needs to be recognized, but methods for recognizing, determining, and sharing the measurement position have not been sufficiently considered.

[0110] In bistatic / monostatic sensing where the UE (Unified Engineer) moves and takes measurements, the method for receiving and measuring sensing signals relative to the measurement location has not been sufficiently considered.

[0111] In bistatic sensing where the UE (Unified Engineer) moves and takes measurements, the reporting of measurement locations and results has not been adequately considered.

[0112] If such considerations are not sufficient, there is a risk that the desired sensing performance cannot be achieved.

[0113] Therefore, the inventors conceived a method to improve sensing performance.

[0114] The embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Each wireless communication method according to the embodiments may be applied individually or in combination.

[0115] (Various substitutions) In this disclosure, words enclosed in parentheses () may indicate an explanation of the preceding word (e.g., an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, or supplementary explanation. Also, in this disclosure, words enclosed in square brackets ([]) may be interpreted as part of the overall meaning of the text, or they may be interpreted as being excluded (ignored). Note that parentheses () and square brackets ([]) may be used for purposes / meanings other than those described above.

[0116] In this disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0117] In this disclosure, terms such as notice, activate, deactivate, indicate (or specify), select, configure, update, and determine may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and capable of operating may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0118] In this disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher-layer parameters, fields, Information Elements (IE), settings, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, Medium Access Control elements (MAC Control Elements (CE)), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0119] In this disclosure, the upper layer signaling may be any or a combination thereof, such as Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, and other messages (e.g., messages from the core network, such as positioning protocol messages (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages).

[0120] In the present disclosure, for MAC signaling, for example, a MAC Control Element (MAC CE), a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU), or the like may be used. The broadcast information may be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), Other System Information (OSI), or the like.

[0121] In the present disclosure, for physical layer signaling, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI), or the like may be used.

[0122] In the present disclosure, ceil(x), the ceiling function, and the ceiling function may be mutually substituted. In the present disclosure, floor(x), the floor function, and the floor function may be mutually substituted. In the present disclosure, sqrt(x), the square root of x, and root x may be mutually substituted. In the present disclosure, x mod y, mod(x, y), the mod function, and modulo operation may be mutually substituted. In the present disclosure, Σ i=M M+N-1 f(i), Σ i=M M+N-1 f i , the sum of f(i) or f for i = M, M+1, ..., M+N-1 i (summation), f(M)+f(M+1)+...+f(M+N-1), f M +f M+1 +...+f M+N-1 may be mutually substituted. C(n, k) is the number of combinations of selecting k values from n values (combinatorial coefficient), binomial coefficients, n Ck , C n k , may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, x / / y and floor(x / y) may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. ||v|| for a vector v may be the magnitude / length / norm of v.

[0123] In this disclosure, A b The notations A_b, Ab, and A with a b placed to the lower right may be interpreted as interchangeable. In this disclosure, A c The notation A^c, with a c superscripted above A, may be interpreted as interchangeable. In this disclosure, A b c The notation A_b^c, where b is placed to the lower right of A and c is placed to the upper right of A, may be interpreted as being interchangeable. In this disclosure, x ~ x may be represented by placing a ~ above x, or it may be called x tilde. In this disclosure, x - x may be represented by placing a hyphen above it, or it may be called an x-bar. In this disclosure, x ＾ This can also be represented by placing a caret (^) above x, or it may be called an x-hat.

[0124] In this disclosure, reflection, echo, and scattering may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0125] In this disclosure, the terms "wireless communication method," "sensing method," and "measurement method" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0126] In this disclosure, NW, gNB, CN, and [extended] LMF / sensing function (SF) / AMF may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0127] In this disclosure, "sensing mode" and "sensing method" may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, "use case," "sensing use case," "service," "sensing service," "sensing service type," and "sensing type" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0128] In this disclosure, measurement, detection, estimation, calculation, processing, transformation, Fourier transform, DFT, FFT, and correlation operation may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0129] In this disclosure, measured values, received signals, measurement results, reported quantities, and channel path / channel information may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0130] In this disclosure, sensing transmitter, transmitter, sensing station, radio communication device, BS, gNB, UE, TRP, panel, UE, and coordinated UE may be interpreted as interchangeable. In this disclosure, sensing receiver, receiver, sensing station, radio communication device, BS, gNB, UE, TRP, panel, UE, and coordinated UE may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0131] In this disclosure, the sensing transmitter may be a TRP or UE that transmits sensing signals used in the operation of the sensing service. The sensing transmitter may be located in the same location / device as the TRP or UE acting as a sensing receiver, or in a different location / device.

[0132] In this disclosure, the sensing receiver may be a TRP or UE that receives sensing signals used in the operation of the sensing service. The sensing receiver may be located in the same location / device as the TRP or UE, which is the sensing transmitter, or it may be located in a different location / device.

[0133] In this disclosure, TRP may be network equipment that transmits / receives sensing signals, such as a BS, BS antenna, etc. In this disclosure, gNB and BS may be interchangeable. In this disclosure, TRP, BS, IAB node, mobile IAD node, repeater, access point (AP), reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), drone, gNB, eNB, BS for 6G, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0134] In this disclosure, the sensing target, the target may be a target whose properties in the environment need to be detected by deriving them from the sensing signal.

[0135] In this disclosure, the background environment and environment may be backgrounds (clutter / environmental objects) that are not sensing targets.

[0136] In this disclosure, monostatic sensing may be sensing where the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver are located within the same TRP / UE.

[0137] In this disclosure, bistatic sensing may be sensing where the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver are located in different TRP / UEs.

[0138] In this disclosure, multistatic sensing may be a sensing method in which a sensing target has multiple sensing devices, each including at least one of a plurality of sensing transmitters and a plurality of sensing receivers.

[0139] In this disclosure, the sensing signal may be a transmission that can be used for sensing purposes on a wireless communication interface.

[0140] In this disclosure, the header UE may be a UE that triggers / executes UE-to-UE (U2U) sensing based on a request from the NW / client UE.

[0141] In this disclosure, a client UE may be a UE that requests other UEs to perform sensing and report thereon.

[0142] In this disclosure, the anchor UE may be a UE that performs transmission / reception with the header UE in relation to sensing, based on a request from the header UE.

[0143] In this disclosure, time domain behavior, reporting type, and periodic (P) / semi-persistent (SP) / aperiodic (AP) / event-triggered may be interpreted as mutually interchangeable.

[0144] (Wireless communication method) In this disclosure, information regarding the sensing area / area of ​​interest, such as the range and approximate location, may be acquired on the network side and shown to the UE, or it may be detected and acquired by the UE itself.

[0145] In this disclosure, one or more locations may be set / indicated by gNB / LMF / SF / AMF / Coordinated UE.

[0146] In this disclosure, the UE may use other settings / instructions / values / parameters in addition to the settings / instructions / values / parameters according to each embodiment to explicitly / implicitly set / instruct one or more locations.

[0147] In this disclosure, the location [information] of the UE may be obtained by a 3GPP-based positioning scheme / system or a non-3GPP-based positioning scheme / system. Alternatively, a BS or similar entity may estimate the [received] location of the UE based on sensing signals transmitted by the UE. In this case, the UE is not required to report the [received] location.

[0148] Each embodiment of this disclosure assumes that the UE moves on a two-dimensional plane, but the application of each embodiment of this disclosure is not limited thereto. Each embodiment of this disclosure can also be applied to the UE moving in three-dimensional space.

[0149] In this disclosure, the sensing control device, gNB / LMF / SF / AMF / cooperative UE / sensing transmitter may be interpreted as any other.

[0150] In this disclosure, the terms [of a UE] [for movement] [one or more] locations, [including / following multiple locations], [movement] routes, paths, courses, etc. may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0151] In this disclosure, the terms "position set / instructed by the sensing control device", "designated position", "position where measurement will be performed by the UE", "set position", "instructed position", "reference position", "measurement position", and "position index" may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, the terms "trajectory setting", "setting / instruction / reporting of one or more trajectories", "setting / instruction / reporting of one or more positions", "designated trajectory information", "designated position information", "movement information relating to a trajectory where multiple measurements will be performed", and "designated position information relating to multiple designated positions where multiple measurements will each be performed" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0152] In this disclosure, the terms [predicted] location, predicted location, estimated location, and calculated location may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, the terms [predicted] location report and [predicted location] report indicating multiple predicted locations may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0153] In this disclosure, the terms [by the UE] [actually measured] location, [actual] measurement location, reported location, measurement location tag [based on measurement location], and [measurement] location information may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0154] In this disclosure, the terms "information based on measurement location", "measurement location", "tag", "information", "index", "coordinates", "measurement location", "record", "measurement location", "log", "measurement location information", and "measurement location information indicating multiple locations where multiple sensing signals are measured" may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0155] In this disclosure, measurement results, measurement locations and measurement results, multiple measurement results associated with multiple measurement locations [tags], a [measurement] report including multiple measurement locations and multiple measurement results, a measurement location tag report, a measurement result report, and a sensing report may be interpreted as each other.

[0156] In this disclosure, sensing signal settings, setting / instruction of sensing signals [resource / receive / measure], sensing signal resource [setting], and [signal] information relating to sensing signals may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, multiple sensing signal settings, setting / instruction of multiple sensing signals [resource / receive / measure], sensing signal resource set [setting], and [signal] information relating to multiple sensing signals may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0157] In this disclosure, the [measurement] position interval and the interval between multiple [designated / measurement] positions may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0158] In this disclosure, the measurement timing [of the sensing signal in the UE] and the transmission timing [of the sensing signal in the sensing transmitter] may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, the measurement time interval, the interval between multiple measurement timings, the transmission time interval, and the interval between multiple transmission timings may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0159] In this disclosure, error, deviation, and variance may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0160] The UE may receive signaling / information (trajectory settings indicating multiple designated locations or trajectories, designated location information) from the sensing control device for setting / instructing a trajectory that includes multiple designated locations (multiple specified locations) where measurements will be taken by the UE. The UE may predict multiple locations (multiple predicted locations) where measurements will be taken. The UE may send a report of the multiple predicted locations to the sensing control device. After sending the report, the UE may receive a determined / updated trajectory setting from the sensing control device. The UE may send a report indicating multiple predicted locations based on the trajectory to the sensing control device. The UE may move to each designated location based on the trajectory setting and measure the sensing signal corresponding to that designated location.

[0161] The UE may receive one or more sensing signals from a sensing transmitter at one or more designated / measurement locations. It may measure one or more sensing signals at one or more measurement locations after the UE has moved, based on one or more designated locations, and record a measurement location tag based on the measurement location corresponding to each measurement result. The measurement location tag may indicate a measurement location or may be information corresponding to a measurement location. One or more sensing signal settings are provided that are associated with multiple designated location settings / indications (trajectory settings), and the UE may measure multiple sensing signals associated with multiple designated locations at multiple designated locations.

[0162] The UE may transmit a report (measurement location tag report, measurement result report) indicating one or more measurement results and one or more measurement locations [tags] to the sensing control device.

[0163] The sensing control device can improve its sensing performance by performing aperture synthesis processing (sensing using synthesized apertures), which involves combining multiple physical apertures at multiple measurement locations, based on the measurement results / measurement location reports from the UE.

[0164] <Embodiment A1> This embodiment relates to signaling for setting / instructing multiple designated locations.

[0165] The UE may receive trajectory settings for setting / instructing multiple designated locations. Figure 9 shows an example of the procedure for receiving trajectory settings according to Embodiment A1. The UE may receive explicit or implicit trajectory settings for setting / instructing multiple designated locations from the gNB / LMF / SF / AMF / Cooperative UE.

[0166] According to this embodiment, the UE can appropriately set / instruct a trajectory (multiple designated positions) for synthetic aperture sensing.

[0167] This embodiment may be based on at least one of the following multiple embodiments A1-x.

[0168] <<Embodiment A1-1>> Multiple designated positions of the UE may be predefined by specification, set / instructed by gNB via RRC / DCI / MAC CE / SIB, set / instructed by LMF / SF / AMF via LPP or via a new protocol for sensing [such as LPP], or set / instructed by a cooperative UE via sidelink or via a new protocol for sensing [such as SLPP].

[0169] <<Embodiment A1-2>> The setting / indication of multiple designated positions (trajectory setting) may be explicit or implicit. This embodiment A1-2 may be based on at least one of the following multiple embodiments A1-2x.

[0170] <<<Embodiment A1-2a>>> Explicit trajectory settings may be set / instructed. Embodiment A1-2a may be based on at least one of the following multiple options x / variations.

[0171] ◆Option 1 The trajectory setting may include the coordinate system and the coordinates of all specified positions. Figure 10 shows an example of bistatic sensing from BS to UE according to Option 1 of Embodiment A1-2a. As in this example, the UE receives the trajectory setting. The trajectory setting includes the coordinate system "global coordinate system" and the coordinates of N specified positions (x0,y0),...,(x N-1 ,y N-1 ) and may include. As in this example, the distance between two adjacent designated positions may be constant, or all designated positions may be arranged on an equally spaced grid. As in this example, in bistatic sensing from BS to UE, BS may transmit a sensing signal at each of the multiple designated positions [corresponding to multiple measurement timings] of the UE, and UE may receive a sensing signal at each of the multiple designated positions [corresponding to multiple measurement timings]. The coordinate system may be a global coordinate system or another defined local coordinate system. The multiple designated positions may be uniformly distributed along the trajectory or may be non-uniformly distributed.

[0172] ◆Option 1 variation trajectory setting may include a coordinate system, the coordinates of the initial designated position, and one or more position intervals (measurement position interval, designated position interval, relative position [vector], movement vector) from the initial or past one or more designated positions to one or more subsequent (remaining) designated positions. Figure 11 shows an example of bistatic sensing from BS to UE related to the variation of Option 1 in Embodiment A1-2a. As in this example, the UE receives the trajectory setting. The trajectory setting may include a coordinate system "global coordinate system", the coordinates of the initial designated position (x0, y0), and one or more position intervals. One or more position intervals may be one value or multiple values. In this example, the trajectory setting includes multiple position intervals, and each position interval is a unit length Δ in the x direction. x Multiples of and unit length Δ in the y direction y It is represented by a multiple of and . Each specified position may be obtained by adding each position interval to (x0, y0). For example, if one or more position intervals have only one value Δ, multiple specified positions may be distributed with position intervals Δ. For example, if one or more position intervals have multiple values ​​Δ1, Δ2, ..., multiple specified positions may be distributed from the first specified position to the last specified position with position intervals Δ1, Δ2, ... Δ, Δ1, Δ2, ... may be vectors [indicating the relative position from a particular specified position to the next specified position] or scalars [indicating the distance traveled].

[0173] ◆Option 2 The trajectory setting may include the trajectory type, one or more parameters (characteristic parameters) / values ​​representing the characteristics of the trajectory, a coordinate system, and one or more position intervals between a plurality of specified positions. Figure 12 shows an example of bistatic sensing from BS to UE according to Option 2 of Embodiment A1-2a. As in this example, the UE receives the trajectory setting. The trajectory setting includes the trajectory type "linear [type]" and the start and end position values ​​(x0, y0), (x) of the trajectory (linear) [N specified positions included in it]. N-1 ,yN-1 ) and the coordinate system "Global Coordinate System" and one or more position intervals [between N specified positions included in the trajectory]. Each specified position may be obtained by adding each position interval to (x0, y0). Figure 13 shows an example of an arc-type trajectory setting. As in this example, the trajectory setting includes the trajectory type "arc [type]", the radius r of the trajectory (arc), the central angle θ of the trajectory, and the coordinates (x0, y0) of the start and end positions of the N specified positions included in the trajectory, (x N-1 ,y N-1 ) and the coordinate system "Global Coordinate System" and one or more position intervals [between N specified positions included in the orbit] may be included, and the radius r of the orbit (arc), the central angle θ of the orbit, and the coordinates (x0, y0), (x) of the starting position and central position of the N specified positions included in the orbit r ,y r ) may include the coordinate system "global coordinate system" and one or more position intervals [between N specified positions included in the orbit]. The position interval may be the central angle from one specified position to the next.

[0174] The trajectory setting may include the number of measurements (number of specified positions) N instead of one or more position intervals. The position interval may be obtained by dividing the distance traveled from the start position to the end position on the trajectory (trajectory length) by N-1.

[0175] Typical trajectory types and specific parameters may be defined or set in the specifications, or reported by the UE as capability information.

[0176] For a given trajectory type, there may be multiple different characteristic parameters. For example, for a linear type, the multiple characteristic parameters may include the coordinates of the starting position, the extension direction [from the starting position], and the length. For an arc type, the multiple characteristic parameters may include the radius r, the coordinates of the starting position (x0, y0), and the coordinates of the center position (x r ,y r ) and the coordinates of the end position (x N-1 ,y N-1 ) and may include at least one of the following.

[0177] In a single orbital configuration, multiple sets of Option 2 orbital configurations may be supported. For example, an undefined / unconfigured orbital type may be broken down into multiple defined / configured orbital types [based on the implementation]. Each of these multiple orbital types may be indicated using multiple sets (or multiple sets of orbital configurations) of Option 2 orbital configurations. Figure 14 shows an example of bistatic sensing from BS to UE relating to multiple sets of Option 2 orbital configurations in Embodiment A1-2a. As in this example, a linear type is defined as an orbital type, and a [complex / combined] orbital different from the defined orbital type is divided into five suborbitals #1 to #5, each of which may be a linear type. The orbital configuration may include five sets of Option 2 orbital configurations, each corresponding to one of the five suborbitals.

[0178] In one or more cases, multiple specific parameters may be integrated to reduce overhead. These one or more cases may include cases where the orbit is continuous and the multiple orbits obtained by the decomposition of the orbit are of the same type. Figure 15 shows another example of bistatic sensing from BS to UE for multiple sets of orbit settings for option 2 of embodiment A1-2a. As in this example, a linear type is defined as the orbit type, and a [complex / combined] orbit that is different from the defined orbit type is divided into three suborbitals #1 to #3, each suborbital of a linear type.

[0179] In this example, if parameter integration is not applied, the orbital settings include the following sets: —◆Set for partial orbit #1. This includes the linear type and the start and end positions (x 11 ,y 11 ),(x 1n ,y 1n ) and the coordinate system "Global Coordinate System", and the position interval Δ T1 and, including. —◆Set for partial orbit #2. It is a linear type and the start and end positions (x 21 ,y21 ),(x 2n ,y 2n ) and the coordinate system "Global Coordinate System", and the position interval Δ T2 and, including. —◆Set for partial orbit #3. It is a straight type and the start and end positions (x 31 ,y 31 ),(x 3n ,y 3n ) and the coordinate system "Global Coordinate System", and the position interval Δ T3 This includes,

[0180] In this example, when parameter integration is applied, the orbit setting is the value of the linear type and the starting position of the orbit (starting position of partial orbit #1) (x 10 ,y 10 ) and the value of the end position of suborbital #1 (start position of suborbital #2) (x 1(N-1) ,y 1(N-1) ) and the value of the end position of suborbital #2 (start position of suborbital #3) (x 2(N-1) ,y 2(N-1) ) and the value of the end position of the suborbit #3 (end position of the orbit) (x 3(N-1) ,y 3(N-1) ) and the position interval Δ in partial orbits #1, #2, and #3 T1 , Δ T2 , Δ T3 This includes the above. The trajectory setup overhead when parameter integration is applied is smaller than the trajectory setup overhead when parameter integration is not applied.

[0181] The trajectory (multiple specified positions) may be represented in three-dimensional coordinates. For example, the coordinates of the start and end positions of partial trajectory #1 are (x 10 ,y 10 ,z 10 ),(x 1(N-1) ,y 1(N-1) ,z 1(N-1) ) is also acceptable.

[0182] Position intervals for different trajectory types may have different definitions. For example, for a linear type, the position interval may be defined as an increment in coordinates along the x-axis (straight line). For example, for an arc type, the position interval may be defined as an increment in angle.

[0183] ◆Option 3 The trajectory setting may include one or more parameters / values ​​related to UE mobility and a measurement time interval (measurement time interval). For example, one or more parameters may be the speed (velocity / direction) of the UE's movement v UE This may include the duration T of the movement of the UE. UE This can be a vector or a scalar. The time interval can have one value or multiple values. Figure 16 shows an example of bistatic sensing from BS to UE according to option 3 of embodiment A1-2a. As in this example, the trajectory setting is the velocity v of the UE's movement. UE The duration T of the movement of UE and the time interval Δ t It may also include the position interval, v UE *Δ t It may also be obtained by sequentially adding position intervals to the starting position. The ending position is obtained by adding v to the starting position. UE *This may be obtained by adding T. Figure 17 shows another example of bistatic sensing from BS to UE according to option 3 of embodiment A1-2a. As in this example, the trajectory setting is the velocity v of the movement of the UE. UE The duration T of the movement of UE and multiple time intervals [Δ t1 ,Δ t2 ,...,Δ t(N-1) ] and may include. The position interval is v UE *Δ tn The positions may also be obtained by (n=1,2,...,N-1). Each specified position may also be obtained by adding each position interval to the starting position.

[0184] Options 1, 2, and 3 may be used independently or in combination.

[0185] <<<Embodiment A1-2b>>> Implicit trajectory settings may be set / instructed. Embodiment A1-2b may be based on at least one of the following options:

[0186] ◆Option x The trajectory setting may include one or more parameters / values ​​relating to sensing requirements. For example, the parameter may be the required sensing accuracy, and its value may be 10 cm. For example, the parameter may be the required composite aperture size, and its value may be 2 m. Based on the implicit trajectory setting, the UE may determine several designated positions for sensing.

[0187] ◆Option y: The orbit setting may include one or more indices of the specified position / orbit. For example, the information may include position index #1. One or more indices may be defined or set in the specification.

[0188] <Embodiment A2> This embodiment relates to the prediction / reporting of multiple locations (multiple predicted locations) that will be predicted and measured by the UE.

[0189] The UE may predict multiple locations. The UE may report multiple predicted locations (predicted location report).

[0190] A UE may predict or report multiple predicted positions based on its capabilities in order to assist gNB / LMF / SF / AMF / cooperative UE in determining its orbit setting. This can improve the accuracy of orbit setting and the accuracy of synthetic aperture sensing.

[0191] This embodiment may be based on at least one of the following multiple embodiments A2-x / variations.

[0192] <<Embodiment A2-0>> The reporting of a plurality of predicted positions may be triggered based on at least one of the following plurality of options 2-x.

[0193] <<<Option 2-a>>> The report may be triggered by an event (may be an event-triggered report). The event is, for example, that there is a significant deviation between a plurality of positions (a plurality of designated positions) configured / instructed by a sensing control apparatus and a plurality of positions (a plurality of predicted positions) predicted by a UE (a magnitude of an error between the plurality of designated positions and the plurality of predicted positions exceeds an error threshold). The UE may perform the reporting.

[0194] The method of determining whether there is a significant deviation between the plurality of designated positions and the plurality of predicted positions may be based on any one of the following plurality of examples x.

[0195] -◆Example 1 [Magnitude of] error δ actual and an error threshold δ are compared, and when the error satisfies a condition (δ actual ≧δ), one or more measurement position tags may be reported. The error threshold δ may be defined in a specification or may be configured. For N position indices n=0, 1, ..., N-1, designated position l n , predicted position ρ n , with respect to the error δ actual may be based on any one of the following plurality of examples 1-x.

[0196] --◆Example 1-1 Error δ actual may be defined for all predicted positions. For example, the error δactual,all for all predicted positions may be calculated according to the following formula E1. δactual,all=Σ n=0 N-1 (||ρ0-l0||)+(||ρ1-l1||)+...+(||ρ N-1 -l N-1 ||) / Σ n=0 N-1 (||l0||)+(||l1||)+...+(||l N-1||) (E1)

[0197] Based on the determination result of whether the error satisfies the conditions, the UE may determine whether there is a significant deviation between the multiple specified positions and the multiple predicted positions.

[0198] --◆Example 1-2 Error δ actual This may be defined for each predicted position. For example, the error δ for each predicted position (position index n). actual,n This can also be calculated as shown in the following equation E2: δ actual,n =||ρ n-1 -l n-1 || / ||l n-1 || (E2)

[0199] Based on the determination of whether the error for each predicted position satisfies the conditions, the UE may determine whether there is a significant deviation between the corresponding designated position and the predicted position.

[0200] —◆Example 2 The method for determining whether to report one or more measurement location tags based on error may depend on the UE implementation.

[0201] Figure 18 shows an example of a sensing procedure according to option 2-a of Embodiment A2-0. As in this example, the UE may receive the trajectory setting from a sensing control device (gNB / LMF / SF / AMF / cooperative UE / sensing transmitter). Subsequently, the UE may predict multiple predicted positions and report the multiple predicted positions to the sensing control device in response to the occurrence of an event (a significant deviation between the multiple predicted positions and the multiple designated positions). Subsequently, the sensing control device may determine / update new multiple designated positions based on the reported multiple predicted positions. Subsequently, the UE may receive a determined / updated trajectory setting indicating the determined / updated multiple designated positions.

[0202] The UE's behavior after the report may be based on one of the following options 2-a-x: ◆ Option 2-a-i: The UE continues its current measurement / transmission unless it receives additional settings / instructions from the gNB / LMF / SF / AMF / Cooperative UE. ◆ Option 2-a-ii: The UE stops its current measurement / transmission until it receives additional settings / instructions from the gNB / LMF / SF / AMF / Cooperative UE.

[0203] <<<Option 2-b>>> To assist the sensing control device in determining multiple designated positions, the reporting of multiple predicted positions prior to the transmission of the trajectory setting for measurement may be triggered by gNB / LMF / SF / AMF / Cooperative UE.

[0204] Figure 19 shows an example of a sensing procedure according to option 2-b of Embodiment A2-0. As in this example, the UE may receive triggering for reporting multiple predicted positions from the sensing control device (gNB / LMF / SF / AMF / Cooperative UE / Sensing Transmitter). The UE may then predict multiple predicted positions and report the multiple predicted positions to the sensing control device. The sensing control device may then determine multiple designated positions based on the reported multiple predicted positions. The UE may then receive a trajectory setting indicating the determined multiple designated positions.

[0205] <<Embodiment A2-1>> The UE may report multiple predicted locations to the gNB via UCI / PUSCH / RRC IE / MAC CE, to the LMF / SF / AMF via LPP or via a new protocol for sensing [such as LPP], or to the Cooperative UE via a sidelink (e.g., physical sidelink shared channel, PSSCH) or via a new protocol for sensing [such as SLPP].

[0206] <<Embodiment A2-2>> Multiple predicted positions may be reported explicitly or implicitly. Embodiment A1-2 may be applied to reporting multiple predicted positions by replacing "set / instructed positions (multiple designated positions)" with "predicted positions (multiple predicted positions)" and replacing "set / instruction (trajectory setting)" [from gNB / LMF / SF / AMF / cooperative UE to UE] with "report (predicted position report)" [from UE to gNB / LMF / SF / AMF / cooperative UE].

[0207] <<Variation of Embodiment A2-2>> The information predicted / reported for multiple predicted positions may be incomplete (it may be part of the information set / instructed (trajectory setting)).

[0208] The completeness of the predicted / reported information may depend on UE capabilities.

[0209] The predicted / reported information may be part of the information (trajectory settings) set / instructed based on at least one of the multiple options of Embodiment A1-2. For example, the predicted / reported information may be the trajectory type "straight line [type]" and the start and end position values ​​of the trajectory (straight line) (x1, y1), (x N-1 ,y N-1 ) and the coordinate system "Global Coordinate System" are included, but one or more position intervals are not required.

[0210] <<Embodiment A2-3>> The UE may receive a set / instruction (trajectory setting) of a plurality of determined designated positions. The trajectory setting may be based on at least one of the following multiple options 2-x.

[0211] <<<Option 2-1>>> The trajectory settings for the determined multiple designated positions may be explicitly set / instructed or implicitly set / instructed. Embodiment A1-2 may be applied to trajectory settings for the determined multiple designated positions by replacing "multiple designated positions" with "determined multiple designated positions".

[0212] <<<Option 2-2>>> The trajectory setting for the determined multiple specified positions may include the difference between the determined multiple specified positions and the reported multiple predicted positions. For example, the information reported [from UE] may include the trajectory type "arc [type]", the radius r of the trajectory (arc), the central angle θ, and the coordinates (x1, y1) of the starting position and the central position, (x r ,y r If the coordinate system "Global Coordinate System" and one or more position intervals are included, the orbital settings for the determined multiple designated positions may include a parameter (amount of change) Δr that corresponds to a change in radius r. The UE may recognize the determined multiple designated positions by adding Δr in the orbital settings to the predicted / reported r.

[0213] <<<Option 2-3>>> The trajectory setting for the determined multiple designated positions may include confirmation / permission / acceptance of using the reported multiple predicted positions. For example, the information reported [from UE] may include the trajectory type "arc [type]", the radius r of the trajectory (arc), the central angle θ, and the coordinates (x1, y1), (x r ,y r If the coordinate system "Global Coordinate System" and one or more position intervals are included, the trajectory setting for the determined multiple designated positions may include verification of the reported information.

[0214] <<<Other>>> Options 2-2 and 2-3 can reduce the overhead of orbit setting compared to option 2-1.

[0215] <Embodiment A3> This embodiment relates to the UE behavior in response to signaling for setting / instructing multiple designated positions (trajectory setting).

[0216] According to this embodiment, the UE can appropriately process / recognize the impact on other UE behaviors based on the trajectory setting.

[0217] The UE behavior in response to trajectory setting signaling may be based on at least one of the following multiple embodiments A3-x.

[0218] <<Embodiment A3-1>> The trajectory setting may be associated with DL RS setting signaling and may affect the behavior of DL RS measurement by the UE. The DL RS setting signaling may be the setting / instruction of multiple DL RS [resources] [sets containing them] that will be received at multiple designated locations, respectively. This trajectory setting may be applied to at least one of bistatic sensing from BS to UE and UE monostatic sensing.

[0219] <<Embodiment A3-2>> The trajectory setting may be associated with UL RS setting signaling and may affect the behavior of UL RS transmission by the UE. The UL RS setting signaling may be the setting / instruction of multiple UL RS [resources] [sets containing them] that will be transmitted at multiple designated locations, respectively. This trajectory setting may be applied to at least one of bistatic sensing from the UE to the BS and UE monostatic sensing.

[0220] <<Embodiment A3-3>> The trajectory setting may be associated with the reporting setting signaling and may affect the reporting behavior by the UE. The reporting setting signaling may be a setting / instruction of a report [time domain behavior [type] / reported amount / resource] that includes at least one of a plurality of locations and a plurality of measurement results measured at each of those locations.

[0221] <<Embodiment A3-4>> The trajectory setting may affect the trajectory (movement path) of the UE.

[0222] <<Embodiment A3-5>> The trajectory setting may be associated with sidelink (SL) RS setting signaling and may affect the behavior of UE transmission / reception of SL RS. The SL RS setting signaling may be the setting / instruction of multiple SL RS [resources] [sets containing them] that will be transmitted / received at multiple specified locations, respectively. This trajectory setting may be applied to at least one of UE-to-UE bistatic sensing and UE monostatic sensing.

[0223] <Supplement> <<Notification of Information to UE>> In the embodiments described above, notification of any information from the Network (NW) (e.g., Base Station (BS)) to the UE (in other words, reception of any information from the BS at the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE, RRC messages, LTE positioning protocol (LPP) messages), specific signals / channels (e.g., DCI, PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signals), or a combination thereof.

[0224] When the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) not defined in existing standards in the MAC subheader. The MAC CE may be an extension of an existing MAC CE. For example, the MAC CE may introduce a new octet into an existing MAC CE.

[0225] If the above notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, or the format of the DCI. The specific field may be an existing DCI field or a new DCI field. The RNTI may be an existing RNTI or a new RNTI. The format of the DCI may be an existing DCI format or a new DCI format.

[0226] Furthermore, notification of any information to the UE in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by the UE or gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by the UE or gNB).

[0227] In the embodiments described above, the UE may receive information from the NW of at least one of the following QCL rules: ◆ QCL Type A ◆ QCL Type B ◆ QCL Type C ◆ QCL Type D

[0228] In the embodiments described above, the QCL source RS for each QCL type may be at least one of the following RSs: ◆SSB ◆CSI-RS with / without repetition ◆TRS ◆DMRS for PDCCH / PDSCH

[0229] In the embodiments described above, information from the network may be set / instructed by the following methods: ◆ Common to multiple UEs, or individual to a UE ◆ Cell-specific, or common to multiple cells ◆ Per UE / Per CC / Per BWP / Per band / Per cell / Per cell group (CG)

[0230] <<Notification of Information from UE>> Notification of any information from the UE to the NW in the embodiments described above (in other words, transmission / reporting of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE, RRC messages, LPP messages), specific signals / channels (e.g., UCI, PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signals), or a combination thereof.

[0231] When the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new LCID not specified in existing standards in the MAC subheader. The MAC CE may be an extension of an existing MAC CE. For example, the MAC CE may introduce a new octet into an existing MAC CE.

[0232] If the above notice is made by the UCI, the notice may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0233] Furthermore, the notification of any information from the UE in the above-described embodiments may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by the UE or gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by the UE or gNB).

[0234] <<Regarding the application of each embodiment>> In UE / BS, specific (one or more) processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information for at least one of the embodiments described above may be applied (or used) if any or more of the following conditions are met: ◆ A higher-layer parameter indicating the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is set; ◆ The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on the relevant higher-layer parameter; ◆ The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is designated / activated / triggered by MAC CE / DCI / UCI / Resource / Channel / RS; ◆ A specific UE capability indicating (or related to) the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is reported or supported; ◆ The application of the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on specific conditions.

[0235] The above-mentioned specific UE capabilities may represent at least one of the following: ◆ Supporting the above-mentioned specific processing / operation / control / assumption / information; ◆ Capabilities of each embodiment; ◆ Capabilities of each option in each embodiment, or the capabilities of combinations of multiple options in each embodiment; ◆ Capabilities of each choice in each embodiment, or the capabilities of combinations of multiple choices in each embodiment; ◆ Supporting the reception of one or more location settings / instructions; ◆ Supporting the reporting of one or more location settings / instructions; ◆ Supporting the setting of a moving trajectory for sensing based on received settings / instructions; ◆ Supporting real-time positioning; ◆ Supporting the derivation of one or more locations based on explicit / implicit settings / instructions; ◆ Supporting the reporting of support for one or more location settings / instructions in explicit / implicit ways; ◆ Supporting sensing methods using UE mobility functions (e.g., synthetic aperture sensing); ◆ Supporting the measurement of sensing signals at one or more locations for each sensing measurement setting; ◆ Supporting the transmission of sensing signals at one or more locations for each sensing measurement setting; ◆ Supporting trajectory prediction.

[0236] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that applies across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), a capability per frequency (e.g., one or a combination thereof, such as cell, band, band combination, BWP, component carrier, etc.), a capability per frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), a capability per subcarrier spacing (SCS), or a capability per feature set (FS) or feature set per component-carrier (FSPC).

[0237] Furthermore, the specific UE capabilities described above may be capabilities that apply across all duplexing schemes (common to all duplexing schemes regardless of the duplexing scheme), or they may be capabilities specific to each duplexing scheme (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD), Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0238] If the above conditions are not met, UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0239] Information on whether one or more of the above embodiments / options / choices / examples apply / are used, or which of the above embodiments / options / choices / examples apply / are used, may be based on several of the following methods: ◆ The information is set by one or more higher-layer parameters / RRC IE / messages. ◆ The information is determined by one or more relevant higher-layer parameters / RRC IE / messages. ◆ The information is indicated by MAC CE / DCI. ◆ The information is determined based on one or more UE capabilities. ◆ The information is described / defined in the specification. ◆ The information is based on conditions described / defined in the specification. ◆ The information is determined by a combination of several of the above information. For example, the information is determined by the setting / indication of higher-layer parameters / MAC CE / DCI and reported by UE capabilities.

[0240] The above multiple embodiments / options / choices may be combined into a single embodiment / option / choice.

[0241] In the embodiments described above, the measured RS may be a QCL source RS in an active TCI state / indicated / unified TCI state.

[0242] <<Sensing / ISAC>> Information on whether one or more of the above embodiments / options / choices / examples are applied / used, or which of the above embodiments / options / choices / examples are applied / used, may be based on at least one of the following methods: ◆ In bistatic sensing from BS to UE, the information is set / indicated / determined by one or more higher layer parameters (e.g., SIB / RRC IE / MAC CE) / physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI). ◆ In bistatic sensing from UE to BS, the information is set / indicated / determined by one or more higher layer parameters (e.g., SIB / RRC IE / MAC CE) / physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), or determined by the UE and reported to the BS via higher layer parameters (e.g., RRC IE / MAC CE) / physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI). ◆In bistatic sensing from BS1 to BS2, the information is set / instructed / determined via the X2 / Xn / F1-AP interface between BS1 and BS2. ◆In all of the aforementioned sensing methods (BS monostatic sensing, UE monostatic sensing, bistatic sensing from BS1 to BS2, bistatic sensing from BS to UE, bistatic sensing from UE to BS, bistatic sensing from UE1 to UE2), the information is set / instructed / determined from LMF / SF to BS via the [extended] NRPPa protocol or a new sensing protocol, or set / instructed / determined from LMF / SF to UE via the [extended] LPP protocol or a new sensing protocol, or set / instructed / determined from LMF / SF to UE via the [extended] SLPP protocol or a new sensing protocol. ◆The information is determined based on one or more UE capabilities. ◆The information is described / defined in the specification. ◆That information is based on conditions described / defined in the specifications. ◆That information is determined by a combination of several pieces of information mentioned above.

[0243] <<Notification of Information to Sensing Transmitter>> Notification of any information from the NW to the sensing transmitter (BS or UE) in the embodiments described above (in other words, reception of any information from the NW at the sensing transmitter) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), upper layer signaling (e.g., at least one of RRC signaling, MAC CE, RRC message, LPP message, SLPP message, NRPPa message), specific signals / channels (e.g., DCI, PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof. In this disclosure, NW, gNB, and [extended] LMF / SF may be interpreted as each other.

[0244] When the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) not defined in existing standards in the MAC subheader. The MAC CE may be an extension of an existing MAC CE. For example, the MAC CE may introduce a new octet into an existing MAC CE.

[0245] If the above notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, or the format of the DCI. The specific field may be an existing DCI field or a new DCI field. The RNTI may be an existing RNTI or a new RNTI. The format of the DCI may be an existing DCI format or a new DCI format.

[0246] Furthermore, the notification of arbitrary information from the NW to the sensing transmitter in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by UE or gNB or [extended] LMF / SF), or aperiodic (triggered by UE or gNB or [extended] LMF / SF).

[0247] <<Notification of Information from Sensing Transmitter>> Notification of any information from the sensing transmitter (BS or UE) to the NW in the above embodiments (in other words, transmission / reporting of any information to the NW by the sensing transmitter) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., at least one of RRC signaling, MAC CE, RRC message, LPP message, SLPP message, NRPPa message), specific signals / channels (e.g., UCI, PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0248] When the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new LCID not specified in existing standards in the MAC subheader. The MAC CE may be an extension of an existing MAC CE. For example, the MAC CE may introduce a new octet into an existing MAC CE.

[0249] If the above notice is made by the UCI, the notice may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0250] Furthermore, the notification of arbitrary information from the sensing transmitter to the NW in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by UE or gNB or [extended] LMF / SF), or aperiodic (triggered by UE or gNB or [extended] LMF / SF).

[0251] (Note) The following inventions are added with respect to one embodiment of the present disclosure. <Note 1> A terminal having: a receiving unit that receives trajectory information relating to a trajectory in which a plurality of measurements for aperture synthesis will be performed; and a control unit that performs the plurality of measurements at a plurality of positions based on the trajectory. <Note 2> The terminal according to Note 1, wherein the receiving unit receives designated position information relating to a plurality of designated positions in which the plurality of measurements will be performed; the control unit predicts a plurality of predicted positions and controls the transmission of a report indicating the plurality of predicted positions based on the error between the plurality of designated positions and the plurality of predicted positions; and after the transmission, the receiving unit receives the trajectory information. <Note 3> The terminal according to Note 1 or Note 2, wherein the control unit predicts a plurality of predicted positions and controls the transmission of a report indicating the plurality of predicted positions; and after the transmission, the receiving unit receives the trajectory information. <Note 4> The terminal according to any one of Notes 1 to 3, wherein the trajectory information is associated with at least one of the setting of a plurality of reference signals for the plurality of measurements and the setting of a report of the results of the plurality of measurements. <Note A> A base station having a transmitting unit that transmits trajectory information relating to a trajectory on which multiple measurements for aperture synthesis will be performed, and a control unit that controls the reception of reports indicating multiple positions based on the trajectory. <Supplement> The terminal in Notes 1 to 4 may be a user terminal 20. The receiving unit / transmitting unit in Notes 1 to 4 may be a transmitting / receiving unit 220. The control unit in Notes 1 to 4 may be a control unit 210. The base station in Note A may be a base station 10. The receiving unit / transmitting unit in Note A may be a transmitting / receiving unit 120. The control unit in Note A may be a control unit 110.

[0252] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of this disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of this disclosure, or a combination thereof.

[0253] Figure 20 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may also be simply called system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), etc., as specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0254] Furthermore, the wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), and the like.

[0255] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the Master Node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the Secondary Node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0256] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity where both MN and SN are NR base stations (gNB) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0257] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) located within the macrocell C1 that form a small cell C2 that is narrower than the macrocell C1. User terminals 20 may be located within at least one cell. The arrangement, number, shape, size, etc., of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the configuration shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when base stations 11 and 12 are not distinguished, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0258] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called a supercell, for example) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called subcells, for example). A supercell may correspond to a cell with a fixed physical range, and a subcell may correspond to a cell whose physical range fluctuates quasi-statically / dynamically. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0259] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of Carrier Aggregation (CA) using multiple Component Carriers (CC) and Dual Connectivity (DC).

[0260] Each CC may be included in at least one of the first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and the second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). A macrocell C1 may be included in FR1, and a small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band above 24 GHz. Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may be in a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0261] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may communicate in each CC using at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD).

[0262] Multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wireless (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between base stations 11 and 12, base station 11, which is the upstream station, may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and base station 12, which is the relay station, may be called an IAB node.

[0263] Base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 via other base stations 10 or directly. The core network 30 may include at least one of the following: Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), Next Generation Core (NGC), etc.

[0264] The core network 30 may include network functions (NF) such as User Plane Function (UPF), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Application Function (AF), Data Network (DN), Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). Multiple functions may be provided by a single network node. Furthermore, communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may occur via the DN.

[0265] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of the following communication methods: LTE, LTE-A, 5G, etc.

[0266] In the wireless communication system 1, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based wireless access scheme may be used. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-OFDM), etc., may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0267] The wireless access method may also be called a waveform. In wireless communication system 1, other wireless access methods (for example, other single-carrier transmission methods, other multi-carrier transmission methods) may be used for the UL and DL wireless access methods.

[0268] In the wireless communication system 1, a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), a Broadcast Channel (PBCH), or a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) may be used as the downlink channel, which is shared by each user terminal 20.

[0269] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink channel may include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), or the like, all of which are shared by each user terminal 20.

[0270] User data, higher-layer control information, and System Information Blocks (SIBs) are transmitted via PDSCH. User data and higher-layer control information may also be transmitted via PUSCH. Furthermore, Master Information Blocks (MIBs) may be transmitted via PBCH.

[0271] Lower-layer control information may be transmitted by PDCCH. The lower-layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) which includes scheduling information for at least one of PDSCH and PUSCH.

[0272] Furthermore, the DCI that schedules PDSCH may be called DL assignment, DL DCI, etc., and the DCI that schedules PUSCH may be called UL grant, UL DCI, etc. Furthermore, PDSCH may be read as DL data, and PUSCH may be read as UL data.

[0273] PDCCH detection may utilize a Control Resource Set (CORESET) and a search space. A CORESET corresponds to the resources used to search for DCIs. A search space corresponds to the search area and search method for PDCCH candidates. A single CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. A UE may monitor CORESETs associated with a given search space based on the search space configuration.

[0274] A single search space may correspond to one or more PDCCH candidates corresponding to aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. In this disclosure, "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," and "CORESET configuration" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0275] PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery acknowledgment information (for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with the cell.

[0276] In this disclosure, downlinks, uplinks, etc., may be expressed without the prefix "link." Also, the prefix "physical" may be omitted from the names of various channels.

[0277] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc., may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, the DL-RS may include a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc.

[0278] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including SS (PSS, SSS) and PBCH (and DMRS for PBCH) may be called an SS / PBCH block, SS Block (SSB), etc. Note that SS, SSB, etc. may also be called reference signals.

[0279] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink reference signal (UL-RS) may include a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), etc. The DMRS may also be called a user-specific reference signal (UE-specific Reference Signal).

[0280] (Base Station) Figure 21 shows an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that one or more of the control unit 110, the transmitting / receiving unit 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140 may be provided.

[0281] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0282] The control unit 110 controls the entire base station 10. The control unit 110 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0283] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 120, transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and transmission path interface 140. The control unit 110 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 120. The control unit 110 may also perform call processing of communication channels (setting, releasing, etc.), status management of the base station 10, management of wireless resources, etc.

[0284] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0285] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122 and a measuring unit 123.

[0286] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0287] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may transmit the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also receive the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0288] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0289] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform processing on data and control information acquired from the control unit 110, for example, at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer (e.g., RLC retransmission control), and the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0290] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, discrete Fourier transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0291] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0292] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0293] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (receiving processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0294] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may also measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), reception quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0295] The transmission path interface 140 may send and receive signals (backhaul signaling) with devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0296] In this disclosure, the transmitting and receiving units of the base station 10 may consist of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission path interface 140.

[0297] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a Radio Unit (RU), a Distributed Unit (DU), and a Central Unit (CU). For example, the RU may implement RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level physical layer functions (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may implement higher-level physical layer functions (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may implement PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer functions.

[0298] In this disclosure, base station 10 may include a single device that implements all the functions of RU, DU, and CU, or it may include multiple devices that each implement some of the functions of RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In this disclosure, base station 10 may be interpreted as RU / DU / CU.

[0299] (User Terminal) Figure 22 shows an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transmitting / receiving unit 220, and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230. Note that one or more of the control unit 210, the transmitting / receiving unit 220, and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230 may be provided.

[0300] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0301] The control unit 210 controls the entire user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0302] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 220.

[0303] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0304] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222 and a measuring unit 223.

[0305] The transmitting and receiving antenna 230 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0306] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may receive the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may also transmit the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0307] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0308] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc., on data and control information acquired from the control unit 210 to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0309] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0310] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the transform precoding settings. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process to transmit a channel (for example, PUSCH) using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform if transform precoding is enabled for that channel, or it may not perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process if transform precoding is not enabled for that channel.

[0311] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0312] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0313] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (receiving processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0314] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (measuring unit 223) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measuring unit 223 may perform RRM measurement, CSI measurement, etc., based on the received signal. The measuring unit 223 may also measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0315] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on channel measurement resources. Channel measurement resources may be, for example, Non Zero Power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on interference measurement resources. Interference measurement resources may be at least one of the following: NZP CSI-RS resources for interference measurement, CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resources, etc. CSI-IM may also be called CSI-Interference Management (IM), and may be interpreted interchangeably with Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. In this disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0316] In this disclosure, the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 may be composed of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 220 and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0317] (Hardware Configuration) The block diagram used in the description of the above embodiment shows functional units. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or it may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wired or wireless connections). A functional block may also be realized by combining the above one device or the above multiple devices with software.

[0318] Here, functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, exploration, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating (mapping), and assigning. For example, a functional block (configuration part) that enables transmission may be called a transmitting unit or transmitter. In all cases, as mentioned above, the method of implementation is not particularly limited.

[0319] For example, a base station, user terminal, etc. in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that processes the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Figure 23 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. The base station 10 and user terminal 20 described above may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, memory 1002, storage 1003, communication device 1004, input device 1005, output device 1006, bus 1007, etc.

[0320] In this disclosure, terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, and unit are interchangeable. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may include one or more of the devices shown in the figure, or it may be configured without some of the devices.

[0321] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown in the diagram, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, the processing may be performed by one processor, or it may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, sequentially, or by other means. Note that the processor 1001 may be implemented using one or more chips.

[0322] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, which allows the processor 1001 to perform calculations and control communication via the communication device 1004, or control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0323] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer, for example, by running an operating system. The processor 1001 may be composed of a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic units, registers, etc. For example, at least a part of the control unit 110 (210) and the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) described above may be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0324] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes accordingly. The program used is one that causes the computer to execute at least a part of the operations described in the above embodiment. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and other functional blocks may be implemented similarly.

[0325] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, or main memory. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for carrying out a wireless communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0326] The storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a Compact Disk (Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a Digital Use Disk, a Blu-ray (registered trademark) disk), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, stick, key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. The storage 1003 may also be called an auxiliary storage device.

[0327] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting / receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network card, communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include, for example, a high-frequency switch, duplexer, filter, frequency synthesizer, etc., in order to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220), transmitting / receiving antenna 130 (230), etc., may be implemented by the communication device 1004. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) may be implemented with physically or logically separated transmitting unit 120a (220a) and receiving unit 120b (220b).

[0328] The input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from an external source (e.g., a keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). The output device 1006 is an output device that outputs to an external source (e.g., a display, speaker, light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.). The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be configured as an integrated unit (e.g., a touch panel).

[0329] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or different buses may be configured for each device.

[0330] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), and a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of each functional block may be implemented using such hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0331] Furthermore, devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NF) may also be implemented using the functional block / hardware configuration described above.

[0332] (Variations) Terms used in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, channel, symbol and signal (signal or signaling) may be used interchangeably. Also, a signal may be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS and may be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc., depending on the applicable standard. Also, a component carrier (CC) may be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0333] A wireless frame may consist of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of these periods (frames) constituting a wireless frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may consist of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0334] Here, the neurology may be communication parameters applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. The neurology may be, for example, at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, specific filtering processes performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processes performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0335] A slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols or Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols). Alternatively, a slot may be a time unit based on neurology.

[0336] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Minislots may also be called subslots. Minislots may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using minislots may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0337] Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols all represent units of time when transmitting a signal. Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols may each be referred to by different names. Furthermore, the units of time such as frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols in this disclosure may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0338] For example, one subframe may be called a TTI, multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, and one slot or one mini-slot may be called a TTI. In other words, at least one of a subframe and a TTI may be a subframe in existing LTE (1 ms), a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing a TTI may be called a slot, mini-slot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0339] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, the base station schedules each user terminal to allocate wireless resources (such as the frequency bandwidth and transmission power available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0340] TTI may be a transmission time unit for channel-encoded data packets (transport blocks), code blocks, code words, etc., or it may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., number of symbols) in which the transport block, code block, code word, etc. are mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0341] Furthermore, if one slot or one mini-slot is referred to as a TTI, then one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more mini-slots) may constitute the minimum time unit for scheduling. In addition, the number of slots (number of mini-slots) that constitute this minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0342] A TTI with a time length of 1 ms may be called a normal TTI, long TTI, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, mini slot, sub slot, slot, etc.

[0343] Furthermore, long TTIs (e.g., normal TTIs, subframes, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a time length exceeding 1 ms, and short TTIs (e.g., shortened TTIs, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a TTI length less than that of a long TTI but 1 ms or more.

[0344] A Resource Block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and in the frequency domain, it may contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be the same regardless of the neurology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be determined based on the neurology.

[0345] Furthermore, an RB may contain one or more symbols in the time domain and may have the length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc., may each consist of one or more resource blocks.

[0346] One or more RBs may also be called Physical RBs (PRBs), Sub-Carrier Groups (SCGs), Resource Element Groups (REGs), PRB pairs, RB pairs, etc.

[0347] Furthermore, a resource block may consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource area comprising one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0348] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), also known as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) for a given neurology in a given carrier. These common RBs may be identified by an index of the RBs relative to a common reference point of the carrier. The PRBs may be defined and numbered within a given BWP.

[0349] A BWP may include UL BWP (BWP for UL) and DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured within a single carrier for a UE.

[0350] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE does not need to assume that it will transmit or receive a predetermined signal / channel outside of the active BWP. In this disclosure, terms such as "cell" and "carrier" may be read as "BWP".

[0351] The structures of wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols described above are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a wireless frame, the number of slots per subframe or wireless frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, and the number of symbols, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length within the TTI can be varied in various ways.

[0352] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or corresponding other information. For example, wireless resources may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0353] The names used for parameters and other elements in this disclosure are not restrictive in any way. Furthermore, mathematical formulas and other elements using these parameters may differ from those expressly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name, and therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not restrictive in any way.

[0354] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of the various different techniques. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0355] Furthermore, information, signals, etc., can be output from upper layers to lower layers and from lower layers to upper layers, or to at least one of the two. Information, signals, etc., may also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0356] Input and output information and signals may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information and signals may be overwritten, updated, or appended to. Output information and signals may be deleted. Input information and signals may be transmitted to other devices.

[0357] Any information described in this disclosure (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) may be communicated from any first device (e.g., UE / base station) to any second device (e.g., base station / UE) that indicates / specifies (or relates to) the value of such any information, even if not specifically stated in the embodiments described above.

[0358] Information notification is not limited to the embodiments described herein and may be carried out by other means. For example, information notification in this disclosure may be carried out by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0359] Physical layer signaling may also be called Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signals), L1 control information (L1 control signals), etc. RRC signaling may also be called RRC messages, for example, RRC Connection Setup messages, RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages, etc. MAC signaling may also be communicated using, for example, MAC Control Elements (CEs).

[0360] Furthermore, notification of the specified information (for example, notification that "X is the case") is not limited to explicit notification, but may also be made implicitly (for example, by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0361] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a boolean value represented as true or false, or by a numerical comparison (for example, a comparison with a predetermined value).

[0362] Software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, and so on, whether they are called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or by any other name.

[0363] Furthermore, software, instructions, information, etc., may be transmitted and received via a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technology (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, or Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) and wireless technology (such as infrared or microwave), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included in the definition of a transmission medium.

[0364] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure may be used interchangeably. “Network” may also mean the equipment included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0365] In this disclosure, terms such as “precoding,” “precoder,” “weight (precoding weight),” “quasi-co-location (QCL),” “transmission configuration indication state (TCI state),” “spatial relation,” “spatial domain filter,” “transmit power,” “phase rotation,” “antenna port,” “layer,” “number of layers,” “rank,” “resource,” “resource set,” “beam,” “beam width,” “beam angle,” “antenna,” “antenna element,” “panel,” “UE panel,” “transmitting entity,” and “receiving entity” may be used interchangeably.

[0366] In this disclosure, "antenna port" may be interpreted interchangeably with "antenna port for any signal / channel" (e.g., a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port). In this disclosure, "resource" may be interpreted interchangeably with "resource for any signal / channel" (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). Resources may include time / frequency / code / spatial / power resources. Furthermore, a spatial domain transmit filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmit filter and a spatial domain receive filter.

[0367] The above group may include, for example, at least one of the following: a spatial relationship group, a code division multiplexing (CDM) group, a reference signal (RS) group, a control resource set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, or a panel group.

[0368] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), and RS may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0369] Furthermore, in this disclosure, TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0370] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) properties," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0371] In this disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, subset may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0372] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information Identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. "Spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive as "a set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)," "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information," etc. TCI state and TCI may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. Spatial relationship information and spatial relationship may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0373] In this disclosure, terms such as “Base Station (BS),” “wireless base station,” “fixed station,” “NodeB,” “eNB (eNodeB),” “gNB (gNodeB),” “access point,” “Transmission Point (TP),” “Reception Point (RP),” “Transmission / Reception Point (TRP),” “panel,” “cell,” “sector,” “cell group,” “carrier,” and “component carrier” may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0374] A base station may house one or more (e.g., three) cells. If a base station houses multiple cells, the entire coverage area of ​​the base station may be divided into several smaller areas, each of which may also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms “cell” or “sector” refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and / or base station subsystems that provide communication services in that coverage.

[0375] In this disclosure, the transmission of information by a base station to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to perform a control / operation based on said information.

[0376] In this disclosure, terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," and "terminal" may be used interchangeably.

[0377] A mobile station may also be called a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other appropriate term.

[0378] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may also be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0379] The term "mobile object" refers to any movable object, regardless of its speed, and naturally includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of such mobile objects include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and items carried on them. Furthermore, such mobile objects may be autonomously driven objects operating based on operational commands.

[0380] The mobile entity may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane), an unmanned mobile entity (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0381] Figure 24 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, a rotation speed sensor 51, a pneumatic pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0382] The drive unit 41 consists of, for example, at least one of an engine, a motor, or an engine-motor hybrid. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0383] The electronic control unit 49 consists of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and communication ports (e.g., input / output (IO) ports) 63. Signals from various sensors 50-58 installed in the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 49. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0384] Signals from various sensors 50-58 include current signals from current sensor 50 for sensing motor current, rotational speed signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by rotational speed sensor 51, air pressure signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by air pressure sensor 52, vehicle speed signals acquired by vehicle speed sensor 53, acceleration signals acquired by acceleration sensor 54, accelerator pedal depression amount signals acquired by accelerator pedal sensor 55, brake pedal depression amount signals acquired by brake pedal sensor 56, operation signals of shift lever 45 acquired by shift lever sensor 57, and detection signals acquired by object detection sensor 58 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0385] The information service unit 59 consists of various devices for providing (outputting) various types of information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, including a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, display, television, and radio, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via a communication module 60 or the like to provide various types of information / services (for example, multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0386] The information service unit 59 may include input devices that accept input from the outside (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) or output devices that perform output to the outside (e.g., display, speaker, LED lamp, touch panel, etc.).

[0387] The driver assistance system unit 64 consists of various devices that provide functions to prevent accidents or reduce the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Inertial Navigation System (INS)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driver assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driver assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0388] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 sends and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle 40.

[0389] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with external devices. For example, it can send and receive various types of information to and from external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Alternatively, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 (it may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0390] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of the following to an external device via wireless communication: signals from the various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on said signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 59. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc., may also be called input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include the information based on the above input.

[0391] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, inter-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on the information service unit 59 installed in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit, which outputs information (for example, it outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 60).

[0392] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from an external device in the memory 62 accessible by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, the steering unit 42, the accelerator pedal 43, the brake pedal 44, the shift lever 45, the left and right front wheels 46, the left and right rear wheels 47, the axle 48, various sensors 50 to 58, and the like provided in the vehicle 40.

[0393] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be reinterpreted as a user terminal. For example, each aspect / embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between a plurality of user terminals (which may be referred to as, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), etc.). In this case, the user terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions that the above-described base station 10 has. Further, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be reinterpreted as terms corresponding to inter-terminal communication (e.g., "sidelink"). For example, an uplink channel, a downlink channel, and the like may be reinterpreted as a sidelink channel.

[0394] Similarly, a user terminal in the present disclosure may be reinterpreted as a base station. In this case, the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions that the above-described user terminal 20 has.

[0395] In the present disclosure, operations described as being performed by a base station may in some cases be performed by an upper node thereof. In a network including one or more network nodes having a base station, various operations performed for communication with a terminal can be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (for example, but not limited to, Mobility Management Entity (MME), Serving-Gateway (S-GW), etc.), or a combination thereof, which is obvious.

[0396] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be used alone, may be used in combination, or may be switched and used in accordance with execution. In addition, as long as there is no contradiction, the order of processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, and the like of each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be changed. For example, with regard to the method described in the present disclosure, elements of various steps are presented using an exemplary order, and the method is not limited to the specific presented order.

[0397] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be applied to Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (x is, for example, an integer or a decimal)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), systems using any other appropriate wireless communication method, next-generation systems expanded, modified, created or defined based on the foregoing, and the like. In addition, the present invention may be applied to a combination of a plurality of systems (for example, a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0398] In this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based solely on" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based solely on" and "based at least on."

[0399] Any reference to elements using the designations “first,” “second,” etc., as used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient way to distinguish between two or more elements. Accordingly, the references to the first and second elements do not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in any way.

[0400] The term “determining” as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may be considered to mean judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, or inquiring (e.g., searching in tables, databases, or other data structures), ascertaining, etc.

[0401] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" may be considered as "judging (deciding)" things like receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory).

[0402] Furthermore, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of some action. In this disclosure, “judgment (decision)” may be interpreted as mutually interchangeable with the actions described above.

[0403] Furthermore, in this disclosure, “determine / determining” may be interpreted as “assume / assuming,” “expect / expecting,” or “consider / considering.” In addition, in this disclosure, “not expecting to do…” may be interpreted as “expecting not to do….”

[0404] In this disclosure, "expect" may be rephrased as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." (where "..." may be expressed as a that clause, an infinitive, etc.) may be rephrased as "be expected ..." or "do (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Similarly, "does not expect ..." may be rephrased as "be not expected ..." or "do not (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be rephrased as "An apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0405] The term "maximum transmit power" as used in this disclosure may mean the maximum transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0406] As used in this disclosure, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” and any variations thereof mean any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” with each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” may be replaced with “access.”

[0407] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they can be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., and, in some non-exclusive and non-exclusive examples, electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency domain, microwave domain, and optical (both visible and invisible) domain.

[0408] In this disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combine" may be interpreted similarly to "different."

[0409] Where the terms “include,” “including,” and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, as is the term “comprising.” Furthermore, the term “or” as used in this disclosure is not intended to mean exclusive OR.

[0410] In this disclosure, if articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, this disclosure may include the fact that the noun following these articles is plural.

[0411] In this disclosure, "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than or equal to," "more than," and "equal to" may be interpreted interchangeably. In addition, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees. In addition, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees, by adding "i-th" (where i is any integer) to the expression (for example, "highest" may be interpreted interchangeably with "i-th highest").

[0412] In this disclosure, "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," and "associated with" may be interpreted as being interchangeable.

[0413] In this disclosure, phrases such as "when A, B", "if A, then B", "B upon A", "B in response to A", "B based on A", "B during / while A", "B before A", "B at (the same time as) / on A", "B after A", "B since A", and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Furthermore, A, B, etc., may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, or regular sentences depending on the context. The time difference between A and B may be approximately zero (immediately after or immediately before). Additionally, a time offset may be applied to the time when A occurs. For example, "A" may be interpreted as "before / after the time offset when A occurs". The time offset (e.g., one or more symbols / slots) may be predetermined or determined by the UE based on notified information.

[0414] In this disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any unit of time (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0415] Although the invention described herein has been explained in detail above, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the invention described herein is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The descriptions herein are illustrative and not intended to be restrictive in any way to the invention described herein.

[0416] This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2025-031509, filed on February 28, 2025. All of its contents are included here.

Claims

1. A terminal having a receiving unit that receives trajectory information relating to a trajectory in which multiple measurements for aperture synthesis will be performed, and a control unit that performs the multiple measurements at multiple locations based on the trajectory.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the receiving unit receives designated position information relating to a plurality of designated positions where the plurality of measurements will each be performed, the control unit predicts a plurality of predicted positions, and controls the transmission of a report indicating the plurality of predicted positions based on the error between the plurality of designated positions and the plurality of predicted positions, and after the transmission, the receiving unit receives the trajectory information.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit predicts a plurality of predicted positions, controls the transmission of a report indicating the plurality of predicted positions, and after the transmission, the receiving unit receives the trajectory information.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the trajectory information is associated with at least one of the settings of a plurality of reference signals for the plurality of measurements and the settings for reporting the results of the plurality of measurements.

5. A wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising the steps of: receiving trajectory information relating to a trajectory on which multiple measurements for aperture synthesis will be performed; and performing the multiple measurements at multiple locations based on the trajectory.

6. A base station having a transmitting unit that transmits orbital information relating to an orbit in which multiple measurements for aperture synthesis will be performed, and a control unit that controls the reception of reports indicating multiple positions based on the orbit.

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