Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure comprises: a control unit that generates a signal by performing, on uplink control information, an encoding and scrambling process based on an artificial intelligence model; and a transmission unit that transmits the signal in the same resource as another signal generated by another terminal by performing, on another piece of information, an encoding and scrambling process based on another artificial intelligence model. According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a suitable multiple access scheme can be implemented.

Description

Terminal, wireless communication method and base station

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal, a wireless communication method and a base station in a next-generation mobile communication system.

[0002] In a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network, Long Term Evolution (LTE) was standardized for the purposes of achieving higher data rates, lower latency, and the like (Non-Patent Document 1). Furthermore, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) was standardized for the purposes of achieving further increased capacity and higher sophistication of LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (for example, also referred to as 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 and later, etc.) are also being studied.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010

[0005] In NR, devices such as a terminal (terminal, user terminal, User Equipment (UE)), a base station, and the like perform physical layer processing to transmit signals.

[0006] Meanwhile, regarding future wireless communication technologies, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies such as machine learning (ML) for network / device control and management is being considered. For example, multiple access methods for multiple data / UEs using AI technology are being explored.

[0007] By the way, in addition to data, UE may also send uplink control information (UCI) such as CSI reports, Hybrid Automatic Repeat request ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), and scheduling requests (SR).

[0008] However, how to implement UCI such as CSI reports using the multiple access method described above has not yet been thoroughly considered. Unless these aspects are clearly defined, it may not be possible to implement appropriate signal multiplexing, which could hinder improvements in resource utilization efficiency, communication throughput, and communication quality.

[0009] Therefore, one of the objectives of this disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station capable of implementing a suitable multiple access scheme.

[0010] A terminal according to one aspect of this disclosure includes a control unit that generates a signal by performing encoding and scrambling processing based on an artificial intelligence model on uplink control information, and a transmission unit that transmits the signal using the same resources as another signal generated by another terminal by performing encoding and scrambling processing based on a different artificial intelligence model on other information.

[0011] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a suitable multiple access scheme can be implemented.

[0012] Figure 1 shows an example of the physical layer processing procedure for downlink transmission in the existing 3GPP NR standard. Figure 2 shows an example of MDMA. Figure 3 shows an example of eMDMA configuration 1. Figure 4 shows an example of eMDMA configuration 2. Figure 5 shows an example of the eMDMA multiplexing procedure for two or more UEs according to the first embodiment. Figure 6 shows an example of the schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. Figure 7 shows an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment. Figure 8 shows an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. Figure 9 shows an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. Figure 10 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment.

[0013] (Signal processing of the physical layer in the existing 3GPP NR standard) First, we will outline the signal processing of the physical layer in the existing 3GPP NR standard. In the following explanation of the signal processing order, the words enclosed in "()" indicate the content of the signal processing, the words before the "=" indicate the input, and the words after the "=>" indicate the output.

[0014] In this disclosure, bits, symbols, etc. may be interpreted as equivalent to blocks of bits, symbols, etc. In this disclosure, streams, sequences, blocks, sets, signals, etc. may be interpreted as equivalent to equivalent to each other.

[0015] Figure 1 shows an example of the physical layer processing procedure for downlink transmission in the existing 3GPP NR standard. As shown in Figure 1, when transmitting user data downlink (DL), the transmitting side (e.g., base station) proceeds with the following processing in order: Data = (channel coding) => channel-coded bit sequence = (interleaving) => bits = (scrambling) => scrambled bits = (modulation) => complex value modulation symbol = (layer mapping) => complex value symbol per layer = (precoding) => = complex value symbol per port = (resource mapping) => complex value per port and resource element = (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal generation) => time-continuous signal per port.

[0016] The transmitting side transmits a time-continuous signal for each port. The receiving side obtains the transmitted user data by sequentially performing the reverse processing of the corresponding processing performed by the transmitting side on the received signal. Here, the processes of channel decoding, deinterleaving, descrambling, demodulation, layer demapping, detection, resource demapping, and OFDM signal reception may correspond to the reverse processing of channel coding, interleaving, scrambling, modulation, layer mapping, precoding, resource mapping, and OFDM signal generation, respectively.

[0017] In this disclosure, bits, symbols, and the like may be interpreted as equivalent to blocks of bits, symbols, and the like.

[0018] In this disclosure, layer mapping may be interpreted as mapping from a codeword (CW) to a layer. Also, in this disclosure, layer demapping may be interpreted as demapping from a layer to a CW.

[0019] In this disclosure, precoding may be interpreted as antenna port mapping, and detection may be interpreted as antenna port demapping.

[0020] The data input to channel coding is also called the input bit sequence. This data may correspond to a transport block transmitted from a higher layer (for example, the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer). Before channel coding, the input bit sequence may be subjected to cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bits (also called parity bits) and code block segmentation.

[0021] Interleaving may be included in rate matching. Rate matching may include bit selection, rate matching, etc. In this disclosure, interleaving (deinterleaving) may be read interchangeably with rate matching (derate matching). Code block concatenation may be applied to interleaved bits.

[0022] A complex-valued modulation symbol is generated by a modulation mapper based on the bits contained in a block of bits. For example, in Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK), the bit pairs b(2i) and b(2i+1) are mapped to the complex-valued modulation symbol d(i) according to d(i) = 1 / √2 * {(1 - 2b(2i)) + j(1 - 2b(2i+1))}.

[0023] A complex-valued symbol may be output after one or more signal processing operations are performed on a complex-valued modulated symbol, or it may correspond to a complex-valued modulated symbol. For example, in the case of the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) / Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) described later, the above complex-valued modulated symbol is mapped to a physical resource as a complex-valued symbol.

[0024] In this disclosure, complex-valued symbols may be interpreted as complex-valued symbols for each port / layer, complex-valued symbols for a specific port / layer, etc. Also, in this disclosure, complex-valued symbols, complex-valued modulated symbols, complex values, etc. may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0025] Regarding the physical layer processing related to the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) shown in Figure 1, the UE assumes the following: - Blocks of bits in the codeword q transmitted on the physical channel are scrambled before modulation to become scrambled bits; - For each codeword q, the blocks of scrambled bits are modulated using one of the modulation schemes to become blocks of complex-valued modulation symbols; - The complex-valued modulation symbols for each transmitted codeword are mapped to one or more layers; - Blocks of vectors of complex-valued symbols for each layer are mapped to the antenna ports corresponding to each layer to become blocks of vectors of complex-valued symbols for each antenna port; - For each antenna port used for transmission on the physical channel, the blocks of complex-valued symbols are sequentially mapped to resource elements in the virtual resource block assigned for transmission; - The virtual resource block is mapped to the physical resource block according to the specified mapping scheme (non-interleaved mapping or interleaved mapping).

[0026] The physical layer processing procedure for uplink (UL) transmission in the existing 3GPP NR standard is almost the same as that shown in Figure 1. For example, the difference from Figure 1 for Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) transmission is that transform precoding may be performed before precoding.

[0027] In the case of a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), signal processing for the PUCCH format, including modulation, basically proceeds in the following order: Block of bits = (scrambled) => Scrambled bits = (modulation) => Complex-valued modulation symbol = [(block-wise spread)] => Complex-valued symbol = (transform precoding) => Complex-valued symbol.

[0028] In the case of PUCCH format 1, the process ends with modulation, and the complex-valued modulation symbols are mapped to physical resources. Also, block-wise spreading is not applied in PUCCH format 3, but it is applied in PUCCH format 4. Block-wise spreading may also be interpreted as Frequency Domain Orthogonal Cover Code (FD-OCC).

[0029] In the case of PDCCH / PBCH, signal processing basically proceeds in the following order: bit block = (scrambled) => scrambled bits = (modulation) => complex value modulated symbol.

[0030] (Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technology to Wireless Communication) Regarding future wireless communication technologies, the use of AI technologies such as Machine Learning (ML) for network / device control and management is being considered.

[0031] For example, UEs / Base Stations (BS) are being considered to utilize AI technology to improve Channel State Information (CSI) feedback (e.g., overhead reduction, improved accuracy, prediction), beam management (e.g., improved accuracy, prediction in the spatiotemporal domain), and position measurement (e.g., improved position estimation / prediction).

[0032] The AI ​​model may output at least one piece of information, such as an estimated value, a predicted value, a selected action, or a classification, based on the input information. The UE / BS may input channel status information, reference signal measurements, etc., to the AI ​​model and output highly accurate channel status information / measurements / beam selection / position, future channel status information / wireless link quality, etc.

[0033] In this disclosure, AI may be interpreted as an object (also called a subject, object, data, function, program, etc.) having at least one of the following characteristics: - estimation based on observed or collected information, - selection based on observed or collected information, - prediction based on observed or collected information.

[0034] In this disclosure, estimation, prediction, and inference may be interpreted interchangeably. Also, in this disclosure, estimate, predict, and infer may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0035] In this disclosure, an object may be, for example, a device or apparatus such as a UE or BS. In this disclosure, an object may also refer to a program / model / entity that operates on such apparatus.

[0036] Furthermore, in this disclosure, the term "AI model" may also mean a data-driven algorithm that applies AI technology to generate a set of outputs based on a set of inputs.

[0037] Furthermore, in this disclosure, AI / ML models, AI models, ML models, models, predictive analytics, predictive analytics models, tools, autoencoders, encoders, decoders, neural network models, AI algorithms, schemes, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. Also, in this disclosure, AI models may be trained / derived using at least one of regression analysis (e.g., linear regression analysis, multiple regression analysis, logistic regression analysis), support vector machines, random forests, neural networks, deep learning, etc.

[0038] AI model inference may also refer to the process of using a trained AI model to produce a set of outputs from a set of inputs.

[0039] Furthermore, the UE-side model may refer to an AI model in which the inference is performed entirely within the UE. The network-side model may refer to an AI model in which the inference is performed entirely within the network (e.g., gNB).

[0040] Furthermore, a one-sided model may refer to either the UE-side model or the network-side model. A two-sided model may refer to a pair of AI models in which joint inference is performed. Here, joint inference may include AI inference in which the inference is performed jointly across the UE and the network, for example, the first part of the inference may be performed first by the UE and the rest by the gNB (or vice versa).

[0041] Model activation may mean activating an AI model for a specific function. Model deactivation may mean deactivating an AI model for a specific function. Model switching may mean deactivating a currently active AI model for a specific function and activating a different AI model.

[0042] (Model Division Multiple Access (MDMA)) For future wireless communication technologies (e.g., 3GPP Rel. 19, 20, 21), effective signal multiplexing using AI technology is under study. A scenario in which a plurality of UEs / base stations transmit and receive signals using multiplexing based on AI technology may be referred to as Model Division Multiple Access (MDMA).

[0043] Figure 2 is a diagram showing an example of MDMA. In FIG. 2, a transmitting side encodes two signals (signal 1, signal 2) respectively by model encoders (model 1 encoder, model 2 encoder), multiplexes (or superposes) the encoded signals, and transmits the same. Superposed transmission may mean simultaneous transmission on the same or partially overlapping resources.

[0044] A receiving side decodes (which may also be referred to as demultiplexing) a received signal by model decoders (model 1 decoder, model 2 decoder) corresponding to the model encoders, and obtains respective original signals (signal 1, signal 2).

[0045] The model encoder may correspond to a module that extracts and outputs important features (which may also be referred to as hidden layer parameters, feature quantities, latent variables, etc.) from an input signal, for example. The model decoder may apply inverse processing of the model encoder (for example, may detect the aforementioned important features from the input and reconstruct the original signal). The model encoder / decoder may be implemented by, for example, an autoencoder based on a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), may be a deep learning-based model, or may be implemented by any other encoder / decoder.

[0046] Note that the model 1 encoder and the model 2 encoder may be the same encoder (for example, the same model using different parameters) or may be different encoders. Similarly, the model 1 decoder and the model 2 decoder may be the same decoder (for example, the same model using different parameters) or may be different decoders.

[0047] The present inventors have studied an extended scheme of MDMA (which may also be referred to as extended MDMA (Enhanced MDMA (eMDMA))). MDMA / eMDMA may be referred to as a multiple access scheme that uses a model used for both the transmitting side and the receiving side (a bilateral model). Adoption of MDMA / eMDMA is expected to improve utilization efficiency of radio resources, increase communication throughput, and improve communication quality, among other benefits.

[0048] An example of eMDMA is described below. Various types of information related to the configuration / model of eMDMA shown below (for example, which configuration is to be used, input parameters for the data model encoder, etc.) may be associated with the eMDMA model, may be determined based on UE capabilities, or may be configured [by system information / DCI / MAC CE / RRC] for a UE.

[0049] <Components of eMDMA> eMDMA may consist of one or more component models. Component models may also be called components, elements, etc. For example, eMDMA may include one or more of the following component models: (1) a model for signal / data processing (may be called a data model), (2) a model for scramble code processing (may be called a code model), (3) a model for signal / data processing and scramble code processing (may be called a combined [component] model).

[0050] A data model may also be a model for encoding or decoding data.

[0051] The code model may be a model for scrambling or descrambling, or a model for outputting scrambled codes. The scrambled codes may be codes that facilitate easier separation of each UE / BS signal at the receiving end. In this disclosure, codes may be randomly generated codes, orthogonal codes, pseudo-orthogonal codes, non-orthogonal codes, network-learned codes, or any other codes.

[0052] A combined model may also refer to a model for encoding (decoding) and scrambling (descrambling) operations on data.

[0053] When eMDMA is applied to DL transmission, the transmitting side may be BS and the receiving side may be UE. When eMDMA is applied to UL transmission, the transmitting side may be UE and the receiving side may be BS.

[0054] The data model included in the transmitting eMDMA may be called a data model encoder, and the data model included in the receiving eMDMA may be called a data model decoder.

[0055] The code model included in the transmitting eMDMA may be called a code model encoder, and the code model included in the receiving eMDMA may be called a code model decoder. Furthermore, the same code model may be included in both the transmitting and receiving eMDMAs, or different code models may be included in each. The input / output elements of the code model encoder and code model decoder may differ. For example, the input of the code model encoder may include SINR, while the input of the code model decoder may not.

[0056] The processing of a code model encoder may be called code [model] encoding, and the processing of a code model decoder may be called code [model] decoding. The output of a code model encoder may include scrambled code, which may be called [code model] encoded scrambled code. The output of a code model decoder may include [de]scrambled code, which may be called [code model] decoded [de]scrambled code. In this disclosure, [code model] encoded [de]scrambled code, [code model] decoded scrambled code, [code model] processed [de]scrambled code, [de]scrambled code output from a code model, etc., may be read interchangeably.

[0057] A model for signal / data processing and scrambling code processing may be a model that combines (or integrates) a model for signal / data processing and a model for scrambling code processing. A combined model for signal / data processing and scrambling code processing included in the transmitting eMDMA may be called a model encoder, and a combined model for signal / data processing and scrambling code processing included in the receiving eMDMA may be called a model decoder.

[0058] Each model (e.g., a data model and a code model) may be associated with one another. Examples of associations between models include: • A data model encoder and a data model decoder are associated; • A code model and a data model encoder are associated (in this case, both may be used on one side, e.g., the transmitter); • A code model and a data model decoder are associated (in this case, both may be used on one side, e.g., the receiver); • A code model, a data model encoder, and a data model decoder are associated (in this case, all of these may be used for encoding and decoding the same signal / data; the code model and data model encoder may be used on one side, e.g., the transmitter, and the code model and data model decoder may be used on the other side, e.g., the receiver); • A model encoder and a model decoder are associated (in this case, all of these may be used for encoding and decoding the same signal / data; the model encoder may be used on one side, e.g., the transmitter, and the model decoder may be used on the other side, e.g., the receiver).

[0059] The eMDMA based on (1) and (2) above may be called configuration 1. The eMDMA based on (3) above may be called configuration 2.

[0060] Figure 3 shows an example of eMDMA configuration 1. The left side of the figure corresponds to the transmitter's eMDMA, and the right side corresponds to the receiver's eMDMA. In this example, the transmitter transmits two data (data #1 and #2) by applying eMDMA-based multiplexing, and the receiver recovers the two data by applying eMDMA-based demultiplexing from the received signal. The two data may be processed in the same device or in different devices.

[0061] In the transmitter, the data model encoder may perform preferred encoding processing on the input data for eMDMA-based multiplexing. The code model encoder may output a scrambled code based on input parameters. These input parameters may include values ​​related to code generation (index), the code (e.g., the base scrambled code), parameters for the model encoder / decoder / code model [or AI model of the code] (e.g., information for input preprocessing, information for output postprocessing, functionality labels, model ID, etc.), and information regarding the communication status (e.g., Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) for the signal from the transmitter to the receiver).

[0062] In the transmitter, a combination operation may be applied to the output of the data model encoder and the output of the code model encoder. A multiplexing procedure (Σ in the figure) may be applied to the outputs of multiple combination operations. In this disclosure, terms such as combination, synthesis, and combination may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0063] In the receiver, a demultiplexing procedure (Σ in the diagram) may be applied to the received signal to separate it into individual streams. The separated streams may be combined with the output of a code model decoder by a coupling operation and input to a data model decoder. The data model decoder may then reconstruct (decode) the transmitted data.

[0064] Figure 4 shows an example of configuration 2 of eMDMA. Figure 4 differs from Figure 3 in that the code model encoder, data model encoder, and coupling operation in the transmitter are replaced with a model encoder, and the code model decoder, data model decoder, and coupling operation in the receiver are replaced with a model decoder.

[0065] In the transmitter, a multiplexing procedure (Σ in the diagram) may be applied to the outputs of multiple model encoders. In the receiver, a demultiplexing procedure (Σ in the diagram) may be applied to the received signal to separate it into individual streams. The separated streams may be input to a model decoder. The model decoder may reconstruct (decode) the transmitted data.

[0066] Each component model may be positioned before or after a certain process in the physical layer signal / bitstream processing procedure (for example, between one process and another). Here, "process" can be any process corresponding to each physical layer process used in existing 3GPP NR standards, as shown in Figure 1, and may also include processes in future wireless communication standards (the process names may differ from those in Figure 1).

[0067] Each component model may occupy a different position in the processing steps of the physical layer. In other words, an eMDMA module may be a separate eMDMA module.

[0068] Furthermore, each component model may additionally include one or more (e.g., all) of the signal / bitstream processing steps in the physical layer.

[0069] For example, the component model [in the transmitter] may include channel coding / interleaving / scrambling / modulation / layer mapping / precoding / resource mapping / OFDM signal generation functions [in addition to the eMDMA functions].

[0070] The component model [in the receiver] may include the functions of channel decoding / deinterleaving / descrambling / demodulation / layer demapping / detection / resource demapping / OFDM signal reception [in addition to the eMDMA functions].

[0071] <eMDMA Processing Procedure> eMDMA may include one or more of the following processing procedures: - A coupling operation at the transmitting end of the outputs from the data model encoder and the code model encoder [of one UE]; - A coupling operation at the receiving end of the demultiplexed data and the output from the code model decoder; - A multiplexing procedure at the transmitting end or in the air to multiplex the outputs of multiple coupling operations or multiple model encoders; - A demultiplexing procedure at the receiving end to demultiplex the received multiplexed data into multiple data streams.

[0072] The concatenation operation at the transmitting end may correspond to scrambling the encoded data. The concatenation operation at the receiving end may correspond to descrambling the demultiplexed data.

[0073] Furthermore, the above multiplexing procedure may be performed by the transmitting side (gNB side) for DL. Also, the above multiplexing procedure may be performed in the air for UL. For example, in UL, multiple UEs may individually transmit [unmultiplexed] eMDMA processed signals, and the network (gNB) may simultaneously receive a mixed signal from the multiple UEs. In this case, the mixed signal corresponds to a signal obtained by [one device] processing and multiplexing each data from the multiple UEs using eMDMA. In other words, the outputs of each eMDMA module of the multiple UEs are [pseudo] superimposed on the radio channel.

[0074] eMDMA processing (eMDMA-based multiplexing) may be interpreted interchangeably with AI model-based filtering. In this disclosure, terms relating to encoding, decoding, filtering, inverse filtering, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0075] <eMDMA model (e.g., each [component] model)> The eMDMA model may have one of the following features that take into account the operation of a single or multiple UEs: - Each UE has a UE-specific model, - Multiple UEs have a UE-common model.

[0076] For example, a UE may have its own data model encoder / data model decoder / code model. A UE may also have its own model encoder / model decoder.

[0077] A UE-common model may be used, for example, in the following ways: • The transmitter has a UE-specific data model encoder, and the receiver has a UE-common data model decoder; • The transmitter has a UE-common data model encoder, and the receiver has a UE-specific data model decoder; • The transmitter has a UE-common data model encoder, and the receiver has a UE-common data model decoder; • The transmitter and receiver have a UE-common code model; • The transmitter has a UE-common model encoder, and the receiver has a UE-common model decoder.

[0078] For UE-specific / UE-common models, a single UE may be configured with one or more models, including data model encoders, data model decoders, code models, model encoders, and model decoders. For example, a UE may be configured with A (A is an integer, e.g., 2) data model encoders, B (B is an integer, e.g., 3) data model decoders, and C (C is an integer, e.g., 4) code models. A UE may also be configured with D (D is an integer, e.g., 2) model encoders and E (E is an integer, e.g., 3) model decoders.

[0079] eMDMA may multiplex data from / to multiple UEs, or it may multiplex different data from / to the same / different UEs.

[0080] For example, the eMDMA shown in Figures 3 and 4 may multiplex data from / to different UEs (e.g., data #1 from UE #1, data #2 from UE #2). Alternatively, the eMDMA shown in Figures 3 and 4 may multiplex different data from / to the same UE (e.g., data #1 is data part #1 from UE #1, data #2 is data part #2 from UE #1).

[0081] Furthermore, eMDMA may multiplex data from / to different UEs and data from / to the same UE. For example, in the case of the eMDMA shown in Figures 3 and 4, where data #3 (not shown) is also multiplexed with data #1 and #2, data #1 may be data from UE #1, data #2 may be data part #1 from UE #2, and data #3 may be data part #3 from UE #2.

[0082] <eMDMA Model / Processing Procedure Input / Output> The input / output of the eMDMA model, processing procedure, etc., described above may include (or conform to) a specific [data] format.

[0083] The particular format may include at least one of the following: • Input / output data size (e.g., size for pre-processing / post-processing), • Value type (e.g., immutable value, floating-point number, integer value, bit value, complex number), • Bit width of each value (e.g., 1 bit, 16 bits, 64 bits for each input value), • Quantization interval (e.g., 64 levels of quantization for each value on the image), • Range of possible values ​​for each value (e.g., [0, 255], [0, 1.0]).

[0084] Regarding the eMDMA model, eMDMA processing procedure, etc., the input / output may include pre-processing / post-processing. Such pre-processing / post-processing may include at least one of specific processes (e.g., normalization (z-score normalization, min-max normalization, etc.), one-hot encoding).

[0085] The preprocessing / postprocessing [input / output] may include at least one of the following parameters: whether to apply a specific process (e.g., normalization / one-hot encoding), which process (e.g., which normalization) to apply, parameters for the specific process (e.g., mean and variance for z-score normalization, minimum and maximum for min-max normalization), a rule for selecting whether to use it as training data, a rule for selecting whether to use it [as training data / as input / as output / during execution].

[0086] Here, the selection rules may include rules for excluding (ignoring, discarding, or not using as input / output) values ​​that meet or do not meet specific conditions (e.g., values ​​below a threshold, outliers, etc.).

[0087] The information regarding the specific data format [contents] and pre-processing / post-processing [contents, parameters, etc.] used in the eMDMA model / processing procedure may be associated with the eMDMA model, determined based on UE capabilities, or set for the UE.

[0088] By using the eMDMA configuration / model described above, it is considered that communication based on eMDMA can be suitably utilized.

[0089] By the way, the above explanation assumes that multiple data sets from one or more UEs are multiplexed using eMDMA. On the other hand, in addition to data, UEs may also transmit uplink control information (UCI) such as CSI reports, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), and scheduling requests (SR).

[0090] However, how to multiplex UCI such as CSI reports using eMDMA has not yet been thoroughly considered. Without clear regulations on this, optimal multiplexing may not be possible, potentially hindering improvements in resource utilization efficiency, communication throughput, and communication quality.

[0091] Therefore, the inventors have conceived a preferred method for implementing eMDMA related to UCI such as CSI reports. In one embodiment of this disclosure, eMDMA does not necessarily have to utilize AI models (it may be based on calculations other than AI models, functions, databases, etc.).

[0092] The embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Each wireless communication method according to the embodiments may be applied individually or in combination.

[0093] In the following embodiments, the processing of the transmitting [e]MDMA module may be called [model] multiplexing. The processing of the receiving [e]MDMA module may be called [model] inverse multiplexing. These processes may be called eMDMA processing. The processing of the receiving [e]MDMA module may be called the inverse processing of the processing of the transmitting [e]MDMA module.

[0094] (Various substitutions) In this disclosure, words enclosed in parentheses () may indicate an explanation of the preceding word (e.g., an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, or supplementary explanation. Also, in this disclosure, words enclosed in square brackets [] may be interpreted as part of the overall meaning of the text, or they may be interpreted as being excluded (ignored). Note that parentheses () and square brackets [] may be used for purposes / meanings other than those described above.

[0095] In this disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0096] In this disclosure, terms such as notice, activate, deactivate, indicate (or specify), select, configure, update, and determine may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and capable of operating may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0097] In this disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher-layer parameters, fields, Information Elements (IE), settings, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, Medium Access Control elements (MAC Control Elements (CE)), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0098] In this disclosure, the upper-layer signaling may be any or a combination thereof, such as Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, Non-Access Stratum (NAS) signaling [of the control plane], and other messages (e.g., messages from the core network, such as positioning protocol (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages).

[0099] In this disclosure, MAC signaling may include, for example, MAC Control Elements (MAC CEs) and MAC Protocol Data Units (PDUs). Broadcast information may include, for example, Master Information Blocks (MIBs), System Information Blocks (SIBs), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSIs), and Other System Information (OSIs).

[0100] In this disclosure, physical layer signaling may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI).

[0101] In this disclosure, “functionality” may mean a set of parameters / features supported based on conditions specified by UE capability (e.g., a set of parameters for eMDMA, CSI prediction, beam prediction, CSI compression, etc.).

[0102] In this disclosure, "model identifier (ID)" may mean an ID associated with a functionality / additional condition (or the model corresponding to that ID). Note that the model ID may be interpreted as an AI ID, dataset ID, pairing ID, etc.

[0103] In this disclosure, the terms "feature" and "functionality" may be interpreted as "feature," "function," or "functionality."

[0104] In this disclosure, the terms model, function, functionality, model ID, function ID, functionality ID, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0105] In the following embodiments, modules, processes, processing units, models, eMDMA models, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. Also, in the following embodiments, eMDMA may be interpreted interchangeably with eMDMA modules and MDMA [modules].

[0106] In this disclosure, the terms "transmitting side," "transmitter side," and "transmitter" may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, the terms "receiving side," "receiver side," and "receiver" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0107] In this disclosure, terms such as process, procedure, and operation may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0108] In this disclosure, “multiplex” may mean multiplexing on a specific channel.

[0109] In this disclosure, signals, data, user data, UL data, data layer, data portion (data part), value, bit [stream], etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. Data in this disclosure may refer to information / data transmitted using a data channel (e.g., PUSCH). Also in this disclosure, signals, signal streams, signal sources, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0110] In this disclosure, eMDMA-based transmission (or reception), eMDMA-based data transmission (or reception), transmission (or reception) of data to which encoding processing based on an artificial intelligence model is applied, eMDMA transmission (or reception), eMDMA multiplexing (or demultiplexing), etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0111] In this disclosure, UE may be interpreted as a transmitter [of eMDMA], a transmitting side [of eMDMA], a UE with eMDMA operation configured / enabled, a UE supporting eMDMA operation, and so on.

[0112] In this disclosure, gNB may be interpreted as a receiver [of eMDMA], an eMDMA receiving side, a gNB that sets / enables eMDMA operations for a UE, a gNB that supports eMDMA operations, and so on.

[0113] In this disclosure, CSI report, CSI reporting, [specific] report, CSI, UCI (e.g., HARQ-ACK / SR / CSI), etc., may be interpreted as equivalent to one another.

[0114] The CSI in this disclosure may include at least one of the following: Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI), SS / PBCH Block Resource Indicator (SSBRI), Layer Indicator (LI), Rank Indicator (RI), L1-RSRP (Layer 1 Reference Signal Received Power), L1-RSRQ (Reference Signal Received Quality), L1-SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio), L1-SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio), and other power / quality information.

[0115] In this disclosure, CSI may include CSI prediction (CSI inference) results, CSI-compressed information (bitstream), etc.

[0116] (Wireless communication method) <First embodiment> The first embodiment relates to the processing of eMDMA of two or more UEs.

[0117] Two or more UEs may schedule to send CSI reports / data based on eMDMA within the same resource.

[0118] In this disclosure, the terms "schedule," "configure," and "indicate" may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0119] The two or more UEs may be UEs configured to constitute eMDMA multiplexing [together with other UEs], or UEs configured to transmit signals to be processed using the same resources as other UEs. The two or more UEs may be referred to as eMDMA set UEs, eMDMA pair UEs, eMDMA-based transmission UEs, etc. eMDMA set, eMDMA pair, etc. may mean a unit of UEs that are eMDMA multiplexed (or involved in eMDMA-based transmission). In the following description, UE may be interpreted as a UE included in the two or more UEs (for example, a UE in an eMDMA set).

[0120] Two or more UEs may schedule to send CSI reports / data to the same gNB [based on eMDMA] within the same resource.

[0121] Two or more UEs may schedule to send CSI reports / data to different gNBs [based on eMDMA] within the same resource.

[0122] One UE may send to one gNB within the same resource as described above.

[0123] Multiple UEs may send data to a single gNB within the same resource as described above.

[0124] Different UEs may send messages to the same or different gNBs within the same resource as described above.

[0125] The first / second UE included in the two or more UEs may transmit any of the following based on eMDMA: CSI reports only, data only, or CSI reports and data [both].

[0126] A first UE included in the two or more UEs may transmit data based on eMDMA for the same resource, and a second UE included in the two or more UEs may transmit a CSI report based on eMDMA for the same resource. A first UE included in the two or more UEs may transmit a CSI report based on eMDMA for the same resource, and a second UE included in the two or more UEs may transmit a CSI report based on eMDMA for the same resource. Here, the CSI report transmitted by the first UE / second UE may correspond to a particular set of CSI reports or to a particular part of a CSI report.

[0127] In this disclosure, transmitting A and B based on eMDMA may mean transmitting A and B within the same resource (e.g., the same time / frequency resource). Also in this disclosure, the same resource may mean exactly the same resource or it may mean resources that overlap at least partially [in a given domain].

[0128] It may be assumed that CSI reports and data will not be mixed in a single input stream for eMDMA processing, or CSI reports and data may be mixed in one or more input streams for eMDMA processing.

[0129] In this disclosure, a single CSI report may be a CSI report configured for each CSI report configuration. In this disclosure, a particular set of CSI reports may be multiple CSI reports configured by multiple CSI report configurations, or multiple CSI reports configured by a single CSI report configuration having multiple sub-configurations for triggering multiple CSI reports.

[0130] A specific set of CSI reports for the first UE (e.g., the first set) and a specific set of CSI reports for the second UE (e.g., the second set) may each contain different CSI reports.

[0131] A particular part of a CSI report may include at least one of the following: • A wideband section, • A subband section, • A PMI section, • A CQI section, • Part n of the CSI report (where n is an integer, e.g., 1 ≤ n ≤ N; N is illustrated in the paragraph below).

[0132] A single CSI report may be divided into, for example, N parts (where N is an integer; Part 1, Part 2, ..., N).

[0133] In the UE, the CSI report / data stream may be processed by eMDMA operations (e.g., eMDMA operations in the transmitter, as described later in the second embodiment). These eMDMA operations may be performed based on eMDMA parameters, as described later in the fourth embodiment.

[0134] The gNB may receive signals transmitted by multiple UEs, each based on eMDMA, based on eMDMA. In the gNB, the CSI report / data stream may be processed by eMDMA operations (e.g., eMDMA operations in the receiver, as described later in the second embodiment). Such eMDMA operations may be performed based on eMDMA parameters, as described later in the fourth embodiment.

[0135] Figure 5 shows an example of the eMDMA multiplexing procedure for two or more UEs according to the first embodiment. In this example, each UE (UE#1 and UE#2) performs physical layer processing on its own CSI / data to generate an OFDM signal and transmit a time-continuous signal. In this example, each UE (UE#1 and UE#2) applies eMDMA operation without multiplexing before channel coding.

[0136] Furthermore, eMDMA operation without multiplexing may include at least one of the following: processing of the [data] model encoder for CSI / data of the UE only, and application of the code model for CSI / data of the UE only.

[0137] The eMDMA module for UL does not need to perform multiplexing operations between different CSI / data, because for UL, the eMDMA multiplexing procedure can be performed in the air.

[0138] The receiving gNB may perform OFDM signal reception on the mixed UL signal (received signal) from multiple UEs and perform eMDMA operations (e.g., demultiplexing operations) to obtain the CSI / data from each UE. For example, the gNB may sequentially perform the reverse processing of the corresponding processing on the transmitting side on the received signal and perform eMDMA operations to restore (decode) the CSI / data from each transmitted UE.

[0139] According to the first embodiment described above, the transmitter / receiver can appropriately perform eMDMA operations related to the CSI report.

[0140] <Second Embodiment> The second embodiment relates to processing in the physical layer of eMDMA.

[0141] eMDMA operations may be performed at a layer above the physical layer, or at the physical layer itself. eMDMA operations at the physical layer may be located before or after a certain process in the physical layer's signal / bitstream processing procedure (for example, between one process and another). Here, the physical layer processes may be those corresponding to the physical layer processes used in existing 3GPP NR standards, as shown in Figure 1, and may also include processes in future wireless communication standards (the process names may differ from those in Figure 1).

[0142] eMDMA operations may be performed by one or more eMDMA modules. In this disclosure, eMDMA, eMDMA operations, and eMDMA modules may be used interchangeably. An eMDMA module may include one or more component models, and CSI / data may be used as input to such one or more component models.

[0143] [In the transmitter] eMDMA operations may be placed before (or inserted into) channel coding / interleaving / scrambling / modulation / layer mapping / precoding / resource mapping / OFDM signal generation.

[0144] [In the receiver] eMDMA operations may be located before (or inserted into) channel decoding / deinterleaving / descrambling / demodulation / layer demapping / detection / resource demapping / OFDM signal reception.

[0145] Furthermore, an eMDMA operation may additionally include one or more (e.g., all) operations in the physical layer signal / bitstream processing procedure. In other words, an eMDMA operation may be an operation merged with other operations. An eMDMA module may be a submodule of other operations.

[0146] The eMDMA operations [in the transmitter] may include, in addition to the eMDMA operations, channel coding / interleaving / scrambling / modulation / layer mapping / precoding / resource mapping / OFDM signal generation.

[0147] The eMDMA operation [in the receiver] may include, in addition to the eMDMA operation, channel decoding / deinterleaving / descrambling / demodulation / layer demapping / detection / resource demapping / OFDM signal reception.

[0148] Furthermore, eMDMA operations on the transmitter do not necessarily have to include multiplexing operations.

[0149] Figure 5, described above, also illustrates an example of eMDMA operation at the physical layer of the transmitter. This example shows a case where eMDMA operation takes place before channel coding. In this example, the original bits (source bits) at each UE (UE #1, #2) may be processed by eMDMA operation (eMDMA processing other than the multiplexing procedure) before transmission. Each UE does not have to perform eMDMA multiplexing. The transmitted signals from each UE on the same resource may be multiplexed in the air.

[0150] When an eMDMA operation is performed, at least one process in the eMDMA physical layer may use a process different from the one used in the existing 3GPP NR standard. For example, in the existing 3GPP NR standard, for UCI (UCI on PUSCH) transmission in PUSCH, each UCI is mapped to a resource according to specific rules before the data is mapped, thus avoiding the mapping of UCI (CSI) and data to the same resource (resource element). On the other hand, when an eMDMA operation is performed, in the resource mapping process, UCI (CSI) and data [of multiple UEs] may be mapped to the same resource (resource element) according to rules different from the conventional mapping rules described above.

[0151] According to the second embodiment described above, the transmitter / receiver can appropriately perform eMDMA operations related to the CSI report at the physical layer.

[0152] <Third Embodiment> The third embodiment relates to the setting of an eMDMA model / scrambled code for a UE.

[0153] The UE may configure the same or different eMDMA models for at least one of the following: • Data, • CSI, • Different types of UCI, • A mix of data and CSI or UCI streams.

[0154] When a UE is configured for an eMDMA model, it may configure at least one of the following for that eMDMA model: one scramble code, multiple scramble codes, or one set of scramble codes.

[0155] In this disclosure, a scramble code set may include one or more scramble code candidates. The code lengths of each scramble code candidate within a single scramble code set may be the same or different. The maximum number of scramble code candidates within a single scramble code set may be associated with the eMDMA model, determined based on UE capabilities, or set for the UE [by System Information / DCI / MAC CE / RRC].

[0156] If a UE is given a set of scramble codes, it may specify one or more scramble codes from that set [for the eMDMA model described above].

[0157] Multiple UEs involved in eMDMA-based transmission may have a common (or the same) model / scrambled code set across them, or each of them may have a different model / scrambled code set.

[0158] When a common (or identical) model is set up across multiple UEs, the multiple UEs may have one (or common / identical) scramble code set up for the multiple UEs, or each of the multiple UEs may have a separate scramble code set up. Separate scramble codes can facilitate, for example, the discovery of the CSI / data for each UE.

[0159] When separate models are set for each of the above multiple UEs, the multiple UEs may be given one (or common / same) scramble code for the multiple UEs, or each of the multiple UEs may be given a separate scramble code. If the same scramble code is used for multiple UEs involved in eMDMA-based transmission, for example, the constituent units of the eMDMA signal can be separated by the scramble code.

[0160] According to the third embodiment described above, the NW can appropriately set the eMDMA model / scrambled code for the UE.

[0161] <Fourth Embodiment> The fourth embodiment relates to the specification of eMDMA parameters for UE.

[0162] eMDMA parameters may be set for the UE [by System Information / DCI / MAC CE / RRC]. eMDMA parameters may be associated with the eMDMA model. eMDMA parameters may also be called eMDMA-associated parameters.

[0163] In this disclosure, eMDMA parameters may include at least one of the following: information indicating a model for eMDMA (for example, which may be called model specification information, model indicator, etc.); a scramble code [set] associated with the specified model; information indicating a join operation (for example, which may be called join operation specification information, join operation indicator, etc.) / parameters for a join operation; information indicating a multiplexing operation (for example, which may be called multiplexing operation specification information, multiplexing operation indicator, etc.) / parameters for a multiplexing operation; and other information / parameters relating to an eMDMA operation.

[0164] The join operation indicator may indicate which join operation to use, or it may indicate the parameters for the join operation. The join operation may be selected from one-to-one multiplication (each output value is derived from the multiplication of one first input value and one second input value), one-to-one weighting (each output value is derived from a weight function that considers one first input value and one second input value), many-to-one weighting (each output value is derived from a weight function that considers multiple first input values ​​and multiple second input values), etc.

[0165] For example, a join operation indicator may indicate one or more of the following: • How the output is generated (e.g., one-to-one multiplication, one-to-one weighting, many-to-one weighting); • An approach to considering the order of corresponding outputs (in other words, the order of inputs to the join operation) (e.g., which input values ​​to use when there are no corresponding values ​​in the inputs, such as when the input data sizes are different, or whether to use a specific value (e.g., 0)); • Whether or not pre-processing is performed using an AI model; • Which AI model is used as the pre-processing or AI model for the join operation; • The data size of each input; • The data size of the output.

[0166] The multiplexing operation indicator may indicate which multiplexing operation to use, or it may indicate the parameters for the multiplexing operation. Note that if the UE is the receiving side, multiplexing in this embodiment may be interpreted interchangeably with demultiplexing. Multiplexing operations may be performed using parameters such as the start position / end position / length of each input, or they may be performed using multiplexing groups (multiplexing group(s)). Each multiplexing group may occupy the same or different lengths of the output of the multiplexing operation (input in the case of demultiplexing), and may correspond to a set of data to which several inputs (outputs in the case of demultiplexing) are distributed.

[0167] For example, a multiplexing operation indicator may indicate one or more of the following: • How the output is generated (e.g., whether to use the input start position / end position / length for multiplexing, or whether to use multiplexing groups), • Whether or not pre-processing is performed [using an AI model], • Which AI model is used as the AI ​​model for pre-processing or the join operation, • The data size of each input, • The data size of the output, • The start position / end position / length mentioned above, the total number of [UEs / data / joining operations / model encoders / model decoders] within a single multiplexing group, etc.

[0168] The UE may adjust (e.g., shift) the eMDMA-operated bitstream / symbol / resource / signal according to the above multiplexing operation indicator, even without performing the multiplexing operation itself.

[0169] Other information / parameters relating to the eMDMA operation may include at least one of the following: information indicating the multiplexing method / stream configuration of CSI and data (e.g., whether CSI only, data only, or CSI + data is used); information regarding the location of the eMDMA operation (e.g., upper layer, physical layer, or location within the bitstream processing procedure in the physical layer); information indicating that the eMDMA operation is a submodule of another operation (module); or information indicating that the eMDMA operation includes some or all of the existing modules of a protocol (e.g., a physical layer protocol).

[0170] eMDMA parameters may differ for each input stream, or they may be the same for multiple input streams. For example, the eMDMA parameter [value] for an eMDMA input stream containing CSI and the eMDMA input stream [value] containing data may be different or the same.

[0171] Other information / parameters relating to eMDMA operation may include information indicating the location of CSI / data within an input stream containing CSI / data. This information may include information regarding at least one of the start position, end position, and length of the CSI / data within the input stream containing CSI / data.

[0172] eMDMA parameters may be notified using a common signaling to multiple UEs involved in eMDMA-based transmission (for example, which may be called a [group]UE common DCI), or using a separate (dedicated) signaling to each of the multiple UEs (for example, which may be called a UE-specific DCI), or using a signaling that includes both common and individual information to the multiple UEs (for example, which may be called a hybrid DCI). In this disclosure, dedicated, individual, separate, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0173] According to the fourth embodiment described above, the NW can appropriately specify eMDMA parameters to the UE.

[0174] <Fifth Embodiment> The fifth embodiment relates to a channel used for transmission.

[0175] The transmission of eMDMA-based CSI reports / data may be performed using a UL data channel (e.g., PUSCH) or a UL control channel (e.g., PUCCH). The UL data channel / UL control channel may be at least one of the following: - Scheduled by dynamic grants, - Scheduled by periodic scheduling without dynamic grants (e.g., configured grants), - Transmitted with CSI, - Transmitted without CSI, - Transmitted with eMDMA processing, - Transmitted without eMDMA processing.

[0176] According to the fifth embodiment described above, the UE can transmit signals based on eMDMA using an appropriate UL channel.

[0177] <Other Embodiments> In the embodiments described above, if the CSI [report] is replaced with a UCI, then, for example, the "first / second set of CSI reports" in the first embodiment may be replaced with a "first / second set of UCIs." Here, the first and second sets of UCIs may each include different types of UCIs (e.g., HARQ-ACK, SR, CSI, etc.) or the same type of UCI.

[0178] In the embodiments described above, if the CSI [report] is interpreted as a UCI, then, for example, the "first / second part of the CSI report" in the first embodiment may be interpreted as a "first / second set" of UCI, where the first and second parts of the UCI may each include different parts of a single UCI (e.g., HARQ-ACK, SR, CSI, etc.).

[0179] The embodiments described above may apply only when the CSI is transmitted using a specific channel (e.g., PUSCH, PUCCH).

[0180] Each embodiment may be applied to a case in which [multiple] gNBs transmit specific reports / data to a UE, by substituting UE and gNB for each other.

[0181] In each embodiment, the transmitting side may transmit to the receiving side information indicating the eMDMA module [or model for it] to be used for a particular channel (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH), or vice versa. The device that receives the information may use the eMDMA module [or model for it] indicated by the information to perform physical layer processing for that channel.

[0182] In each embodiment, when an eMDMA-related functionality / model is activated / notified / applied / configured / specified to a UE [for a certain channel], the UE may apply eMDMA processing [for that channel] (for example, it may perform eMDMA processing in the transmitter / receiver), or it may assume that such eMDMA processing is applied (for example, it may assume that eMDMA processing is applied in the transmitter / receiver).

[0183] Furthermore, if the UE or BS applies eMDMA processing (or assumes that eMDMA processing is applied by the communication partner), it may perform corresponding transmission / reception processing (e.g., modulation, demodulation, mapping, demapping, etc.) that takes into account the application of eMDMA processing.

[0184] Furthermore, eMDMA processing may be applied to at least one of the specific channels (e.g., PUSCH, PUCCH, PDSCH, PDCCH, PBCH). Alternatively, eMDMA processing common to multiple channels may be applied.

[0185] <Supplement> <<Notification of Information to UE>> In the embodiments described above, notification of any information from the Network (NW) (e.g., Base Station (BS)) to the UE (in other words, reception of any information from the BS at the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0186] If the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) not defined in existing standards in the MAC subheader.

[0187] If the above notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, or the format of the DCI.

[0188] Furthermore, the notification of arbitrary information to the UE in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic.

[0189] <<Notification of Information from UE>> Notification of any information from the UE to the NW in the embodiments described above (in other words, transmission / reporting of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signals), or a combination thereof.

[0190] If the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new LCID not specified in existing standards in the MAC subheader.

[0191] If the above notice is made by the UCI, the notice may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0192] Furthermore, the notification of any information from the UE in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic.

[0193] <<Regarding the application of each embodiment>> In UE / BS, specific (one or more) processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information for at least one of the embodiments described above may be applied (or used) if any or more of the following conditions are met: - A higher-layer parameter indicating the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is set; - The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on the relevant higher-layer parameter; - The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is designated / activated / triggered by MAC CE / DCI / UCI / Resource / Channel / RS; - A specific UE capability indicating (or related to) the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is reported or supported; - The application of the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on specific conditions.

[0194] The above-mentioned specific UE capabilities may include at least one of the following: supporting the above-mentioned specific processing / operation / control / assumption / information; supporting eMDMA processing [and corresponding models]; supporting configuration 1 / 2; supporting eMDMA parameters; supporting eMDMA operations at a specific location in the layer / physical layer; and supporting eMDMA-based transmission involving two or more UEs.

[0195] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that applies across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), a capability per frequency (e.g., one or a combination thereof, such as cell, band, band combination, BWP, component carrier, etc.), a capability per frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), a capability per subcarrier spacing (SCS), a capability per feature set (FS) or feature set per component-carrier (FSPC), or a capability per functionality / model.

[0196] Furthermore, the specific UE capabilities described above may be capabilities that apply across all duplexing schemes (common to all duplexing schemes regardless of the duplexing scheme), or they may be capabilities specific to each duplexing scheme (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD), Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0197] If the above conditions are not met, UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0198] (Note) The following inventions are added with respect to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Note 1] A terminal having: a control unit that generates a signal (e.g., an output stream from a model) by performing encoding and scrambling processing based on an artificial intelligence model (e.g., processing based on a component model) on uplink control information (UCI, e.g., CSI); and a transmission unit that transmits the signal on the same resources as another signal generated by another terminal by performing encoding and scrambling processing based on another artificial intelligence model on other information. [Note 2] The terminal according to Note 1, wherein the uplink control information is a channel state information report of the terminal, and the other information is a channel state information report of the other terminal. [Note 3] The terminal according to Note 1 or Note 2, wherein the signal and the other signal are transmitted to different base stations. [Note 4] The terminal according to any one of Notes 1 to 3, wherein the control unit uses the same scrambling code for the uplink control information as the scrambling code used for the scrambling code for the other information when the artificial intelligence model and the other artificial intelligence model are different models.

[0199] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of this disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of this disclosure, or a combination thereof.

[0200] Figure 6 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may also be simply called system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), etc., as specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0201] Furthermore, the wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), and the like.

[0202] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the Master Node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the Secondary Node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0203] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity where both MN and SN are NR base stations (gNB) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0204] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) located within the macrocell C1 that form a small cell C2 that is narrower than the macrocell C1. User terminals 20 may be located within at least one cell. The arrangement, number, shape, size, etc., of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the configuration shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when base stations 11 and 12 are not distinguished, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0205] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called a supercell, for example) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called subcells, for example). A supercell may correspond to a cell with a fixed physical range, and a subcell may correspond to a cell whose physical range fluctuates quasi-statically / dynamically. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0206] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of Carrier Aggregation (CA) using multiple Component Carriers (CC) and Dual Connectivity (DC).

[0207] Each CC may be included in at least one of the first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and the second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). A macrocell C1 may be included in FR1, and a small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band above 24 GHz. Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may be in a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0208] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may communicate in each CC using at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD).

[0209] Multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wireless (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between base stations 11 and 12, base station 11, which is the upstream station, may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and base station 12, which is the relay station, may be called an IAB node.

[0210] Base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 via other base stations 10 or directly. The core network 30 may include at least one of the following: Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), Next Generation Core (NGC), etc.

[0211] The core network 30 may include network functions (NF) such as User Plane Function (UPF), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Application Function (AF), Data Network (DN), Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). Multiple functions may be provided by a single network node. Furthermore, communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may occur via the DN.

[0212] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of the following communication methods: LTE, LTE-A, 5G, etc.

[0213] In the wireless communication system 1, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based wireless access scheme may be used. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-OFDM), etc., may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0214] The wireless access method may also be called a waveform. In wireless communication system 1, other wireless access methods (for example, other single-carrier transmission methods, other multi-carrier transmission methods) may be used for the UL and DL wireless access methods.

[0215] In the wireless communication system 1, a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), a Broadcast Channel (PBCH), or a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) may be used as the downlink channel, which is shared by each user terminal 20.

[0216] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink channel may include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), or the like, all of which are shared by each user terminal 20.

[0217] User data, higher-layer control information, and System Information Blocks (SIBs) are transmitted via PDSCH. User data and higher-layer control information may also be transmitted via PUSCH. Furthermore, Master Information Blocks (MIBs) may be transmitted via PBCH.

[0218] Lower-layer control information may be transmitted by PDCCH. The lower-layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) which includes scheduling information for at least one of PDSCH and PUSCH.

[0219] Furthermore, the DCI that schedules PDSCH may be called DL assignment, DL DCI, etc., and the DCI that schedules PUSCH may be called UL grant, UL DCI, etc. Furthermore, PDSCH may be read as DL data, and PUSCH may be read as UL data.

[0220] PDCCH detection may utilize a Control Resource Set (CORESET) and a search space. A CORESET corresponds to the resources used to search for DCIs. A search space corresponds to the search area and search method for PDCCH candidates. A single CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. A UE may monitor CORESETs associated with a given search space based on the search space configuration.

[0221] A single search space may correspond to one or more PDCCH candidates corresponding to aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. In this disclosure, "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," and "CORESET configuration" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0222] PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery acknowledgment information (for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with the cell.

[0223] In this disclosure, downlinks, uplinks, etc., may be expressed without the prefix "link." Also, the prefix "physical" may be omitted from the names of various channels.

[0224] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc., may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, the DL-RS may include a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc.

[0225] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including SS (PSS, SSS) and PBCH (and DMRS for PBCH) may be called an SS / PBCH block, SS Block (SSB), etc. Note that SS, SSB, etc. may also be called reference signals.

[0226] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink reference signal (UL-RS) may include a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), etc. The DMRS may also be called a user-specific reference signal (UE-specific Reference Signal).

[0227] (Base Station) Figure 7 shows an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that one or more of the control unit 110, the transmitting / receiving unit 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140 may be provided.

[0228] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0229] The control unit 110 controls the entire base station 10. The control unit 110 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0230] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 120, transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and transmission path interface 140. The control unit 110 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 120. The control unit 110 may also perform call processing of communication channels (setting, releasing, etc.), status management of the base station 10, management of wireless resources, etc.

[0231] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0232] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122 and a measuring unit 123.

[0233] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0234] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may transmit the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also receive the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0235] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0236] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform processing on data and control information acquired from the control unit 110, for example, at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer (e.g., RLC retransmission control), and the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0237] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, discrete Fourier transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0238] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0239] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0240] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (receiving processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0241] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may also measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), reception quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0242] The transmission path interface 140 may send and receive signals (backhaul signaling) with devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0243] In this disclosure, the transmitting and receiving units of the base station 10 may consist of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission path interface 140.

[0244] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a Radio Unit (RU), a Distributed Unit (DU), and a Central Unit (CU). For example, the RU may implement RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level physical layer functions (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may implement higher-level physical layer functions (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may implement PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer functions.

[0245] In this disclosure, base station 10 may include a single device that implements all the functions of RU, DU, and CU, or it may include multiple devices that each implement some of the functions of RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In this disclosure, base station 10 may be interpreted as RU / DU / CU.

[0246] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may apply a demultiplexing procedure to the received signal to generate a signal from a terminal (first user terminal 20) and another signal from another terminal (second user terminal 20). The control unit 110 may perform decoding and descrambling processing based on an artificial intelligence model on the signal from the terminal to restore uplink control information, and may perform decoding and descrambling processing based on a different artificial intelligence model on the other signal from the other terminal to restore other information.

[0247] (User Terminal) Figure 8 shows an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transmitting / receiving unit 220, and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230. Note that one or more of the control unit 210, the transmitting / receiving unit 220, and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230 may be provided.

[0248] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0249] The control unit 210 controls the entire user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0250] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 220.

[0251] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0252] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222 and a measuring unit 223.

[0253] The transmitting and receiving antenna 230 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0254] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may receive the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may also transmit the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0255] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0256] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc., on data and control information acquired from the control unit 210 to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0257] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0258] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the transform precoding settings. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process to transmit a channel (for example, PUSCH) using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform if transform precoding is enabled for that channel, or it may not perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process if transform precoding is not enabled for that channel.

[0259] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0260] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0261] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (receiving processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0262] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (measuring unit 223) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measuring unit 223 may perform RRM measurement, CSI measurement, etc., based on the received signal. The measuring unit 223 may also measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0263] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on channel measurement resources. Channel measurement resources may be, for example, Non Zero Power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on interference measurement resources. Interference measurement resources may be at least one of the following: NZP CSI-RS resources for interference measurement, CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resources, etc. CSI-IM may also be called CSI-Interference Management (IM), and may be interpreted interchangeably with Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. In this disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0264] In this disclosure, the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 may be composed of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 220 and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0265] The control unit 210 may perform encoding and scrambling processing based on an artificial intelligence model (for example, processing based on a component model) on the uplink control information (UCI, for example, CSI) to generate a signal (for example, an output stream from the model). The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may transmit the signal using the same resources as another signal generated by another terminal by performing encoding and scrambling processing based on a different artificial intelligence model on different information.

[0266] The aforementioned uplink control information may be a channel status information report of the terminal, and the aforementioned other information may be a channel status information report of the other terminal.

[0267] The aforementioned signal and the other signal may be transmitted to different base stations.

[0268] The control unit may, when the artificial intelligence model and the other artificial intelligence model are different models, use the same scrambling code for the scrambling process for the uplink control information as the scrambling code used for the scrambling process for the other information.

[0269] (Hardware Configuration) The block diagram used in the description of the above embodiment shows functional units. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or it may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wired or wireless connections). A functional block may also be realized by combining the above one device or the above multiple devices with software.

[0270] Here, functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, exploration, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating (mapping), and assigning. For example, a functional block (configuration part) that enables transmission may be called a transmitting unit or transmitter. In all cases, as mentioned above, the method of implementation is not particularly limited.

[0271] For example, a base station, user terminal, etc. in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that processes the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Figure 9 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. The base station 10 and user terminal 20 described above may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, memory 1002, storage 1003, communication device 1004, input device 1005, output device 1006, bus 1007, etc.

[0272] In this disclosure, terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, and unit are interchangeable. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may include one or more of the devices shown in the figure, or it may be configured without some of the devices.

[0273] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown in the diagram, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, the processing may be performed by one processor, or it may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, sequentially, or by other means. Note that the processor 1001 may be implemented using one or more chips.

[0274] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, which allows the processor 1001 to perform calculations and control communication via the communication device 1004, or control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0275] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer, for example, by running an operating system. The processor 1001 may be composed of a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic units, registers, etc. For example, at least a part of the control unit 110 (210) and the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) described above may be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0276] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes accordingly. The program used is one that causes the computer to execute at least a part of the operations described in the above embodiment. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and other functional blocks may be implemented similarly.

[0277] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, or main memory. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for carrying out a wireless communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0278] The storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a Compact Disk (Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a Digital Use Disk, a Blu-ray (registered trademark) disk), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, stick, key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. The storage 1003 may also be called an auxiliary storage device.

[0279] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting / receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network card, communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include, for example, a high-frequency switch, duplexer, filter, frequency synthesizer, etc., in order to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220), transmitting / receiving antenna 130 (230), etc., may be implemented by the communication device 1004. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) may be implemented with physically or logically separated transmitting unit 120a (220a) and receiving unit 120b (220b).

[0280] The input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from an external source (e.g., a keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). The output device 1006 is an output device that outputs to an external source (e.g., a display, speaker, light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.). The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be configured as an integrated unit (e.g., a touch panel).

[0281] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or different buses may be configured for each device.

[0282] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), and a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of each functional block may be implemented using such hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0283] Furthermore, devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NF) may also be implemented using the functional block / hardware configuration described above.

[0284] (Variations) Terms used in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, channel, symbol and signal (signal or signaling) may be used interchangeably. Also, a signal may be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS and may be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc., depending on the applicable standard. Also, a component carrier (CC) may be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0285] A wireless frame may consist of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of these periods (frames) constituting a wireless frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may consist of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0286] Here, the neurology may be communication parameters applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. The neurology may be, for example, at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, specific filtering processes performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processes performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0287] A slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols or Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols). Alternatively, a slot may be a time unit based on neurology.

[0288] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Minislots may also be called subslots. Minislots may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using minislots may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0289] Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols all represent units of time when transmitting a signal. Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols may each be referred to by different names. Furthermore, the units of time such as frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols in this disclosure may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0290] For example, one subframe may be called a TTI, multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, and one slot or one mini-slot may be called a TTI. In other words, at least one of a subframe and a TTI may be a subframe in existing LTE (1 ms), a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing a TTI may be called a slot, mini-slot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0291] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, the base station schedules each user terminal to allocate wireless resources (such as the frequency bandwidth and transmission power available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0292] TTI may be a transmission time unit for channel-encoded data packets (transport blocks), code blocks, code words, etc., or it may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., number of symbols) in which the transport block, code block, code word, etc. are mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0293] Furthermore, if one slot or one mini-slot is referred to as a TTI, then one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more mini-slots) may constitute the minimum time unit for scheduling. In addition, the number of slots (number of mini-slots) that constitute this minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0294] A TTI with a time length of 1 ms may be called a normal TTI, long TTI, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, mini slot, sub slot, slot, etc.

[0295] Furthermore, long TTIs (e.g., normal TTIs, subframes, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a time length exceeding 1 ms, and short TTIs (e.g., shortened TTIs, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a TTI length less than that of a long TTI but 1 ms or more.

[0296] A Resource Block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and in the frequency domain, it may contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be the same regardless of the neurology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be determined based on the neurology.

[0297] Furthermore, an RB may contain one or more symbols in the time domain and may have the length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc., may each consist of one or more resource blocks.

[0298] One or more RBs may also be called Physical RBs (PRBs), Sub-Carrier Groups (SCGs), Resource Element Groups (REGs), PRB pairs, RB pairs, etc.

[0299] Furthermore, a resource block may consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource area comprising one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0300] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), also known as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) for a given neurology in a given carrier. These common RBs may be identified by an index of the RBs relative to a common reference point of the carrier. The PRBs may be defined and numbered within a given BWP.

[0301] A BWP may include UL BWP (BWP for UL) and DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured within a single carrier for a UE.

[0302] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE does not need to assume that it will transmit or receive a predetermined signal / channel outside of the active BWP. In this disclosure, terms such as "cell" and "carrier" may be read as "BWP".

[0303] The structures of wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols described above are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a wireless frame, the number of slots per subframe or wireless frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, and the number of symbols, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length within the TTI can be varied in various ways.

[0304] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or corresponding other information. For example, wireless resources may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0305] The names used for parameters and other elements in this disclosure are not restrictive in any way. Furthermore, mathematical formulas and other elements using these parameters may differ from those expressly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name, and therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not restrictive in any way.

[0306] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of the various different techniques. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0307] Furthermore, information, signals, etc., can be output from upper layers to lower layers and from lower layers to upper layers, or to at least one of the two. Information, signals, etc., may also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0308] Input and output information and signals may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information and signals may be overwritten, updated, or appended to. Output information and signals may be deleted. Input information and signals may be transmitted to other devices.

[0309] Any information described in this disclosure (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) may be communicated from any first device (e.g., UE / base station) to any second device (e.g., base station / UE) that indicates / specifies (or relates to) the value of such any information, even if not specifically stated in the embodiments described above.

[0310] Information notification is not limited to the embodiments described herein and may be carried out by other means. For example, information notification in this disclosure may be carried out by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0311] Physical layer signaling may also be called Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signals), L1 control information (L1 control signals), etc. RRC signaling may also be called RRC messages, for example, RRC Connection Setup messages, RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages, etc. MAC signaling may also be communicated using, for example, MAC Control Elements (CEs).

[0312] Furthermore, notification of the specified information (for example, notification that "X is the case") is not limited to explicit notification, but may also be made implicitly (for example, by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0313] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a boolean value represented as true or false, or by a numerical comparison (for example, a comparison with a predetermined value).

[0314] Software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, and so on, whether they are called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or by any other name.

[0315] Furthermore, software, instructions, information, etc., may be transmitted and received via a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technology (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, or Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) and wireless technology (such as infrared or microwave), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included in the definition of a transmission medium.

[0316] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure may be used interchangeably. “Network” may also mean the equipment included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0317] In this disclosure, terms such as “precoding,” “precoder,” “weight (precoding weight),” “quasi-co-location (QCL),” “transmission configuration indication state (TCI state),” “spatial relation,” “spatial domain filter,” “transmit power,” “phase rotation,” “antenna port,” “port,” “layer,” “number of layers,” “rank,” “resource,” “resource set,” “beam,” “beam width,” “beam angle,” “antenna,” “antenna element,” “panel,” “UE panel,” “transmitting entity,” and “receiving entity” may be used interchangeably.

[0318] In this disclosure, "antenna port" may be interpreted interchangeably with "antenna port for any signal / channel" (e.g., a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port). In this disclosure, "resource" may be interpreted interchangeably with "resource for any signal / channel" (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). Resources may include time / frequency / code / spatial / power resources. Furthermore, a spatial domain transmit filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmit filter and a spatial domain receive filter.

[0319] The above group may include, for example, at least one of the following: a spatial relationship group, a code division multiplexing (CDM) group, a reference signal (RS) group, a control resource set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, or a panel group.

[0320] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), and RS may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0321] Furthermore, in this disclosure, TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0322] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) properties," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0323] In this disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, subset may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0324] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information Identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. "Spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive as "a set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)," "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information," etc. TCI state and TCI may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. Spatial relationship information and spatial relationship may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0325] In this disclosure, terms such as “Base Station (BS),” “wireless base station,” “fixed station,” “NodeB,” “eNB (eNodeB),” “gNB (gNodeB),” “access point,” “Transmission Point (TP),” “Reception Point (RP),” “Transmission / Reception Point (TRP),” “panel,” “cell,” “sector,” “cell group,” “carrier,” and “component carrier” may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0326] A base station may house one or more (e.g., three) cells. If a base station houses multiple cells, the entire coverage area of ​​the base station may be divided into several smaller areas, each of which may also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms “cell” or “sector” refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and / or base station subsystems that provide communication services in that coverage.

[0327] In this disclosure, the transmission of information by a base station to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to perform a control / operation based on said information.

[0328] In this disclosure, terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," and "terminal" may be used interchangeably.

[0329] A mobile station may also be called a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other appropriate term.

[0330] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may also be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0331] The term "mobile object" refers to any movable object, regardless of its speed, and naturally includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of such mobile objects include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and items carried on them. Furthermore, such mobile objects may be autonomously driven objects operating based on operational commands.

[0332] The mobile entity may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane), an unmanned mobile entity (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0333] Figure 10 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, a rotation speed sensor 51, a pneumatic pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0334] The drive unit 41 consists of, for example, at least one of an engine, a motor, or an engine-motor hybrid. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0335] The electronic control unit 49 consists of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and communication ports (e.g., input / output (IO) ports) 63. Signals from various sensors 50-58 installed in the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 49. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0336] Signals from various sensors 50-58 include current signals from current sensor 50 for sensing motor current, rotational speed signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by rotational speed sensor 51, air pressure signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by air pressure sensor 52, vehicle speed signals acquired by vehicle speed sensor 53, acceleration signals acquired by acceleration sensor 54, accelerator pedal depression amount signals acquired by accelerator pedal sensor 55, brake pedal depression amount signals acquired by brake pedal sensor 56, operation signals of shift lever 45 acquired by shift lever sensor 57, and detection signals acquired by object detection sensor 58 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0337] The information service unit 59 consists of various devices for providing (outputting) various types of information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, including a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, display, television, and radio, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via a communication module 60 or the like to provide various types of information / services (for example, multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0338] The information service unit 59 may include input devices that accept input from the outside (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) or output devices that perform output to the outside (e.g., display, speaker, LED lamp, touch panel, etc.).

[0339] The driver assistance system unit 64 consists of various devices that provide functions to prevent accidents or reduce the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Inertial Navigation System (INS)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driver assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driver assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0340] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 sends and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle 40.

[0341] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with external devices. For example, it can send and receive various types of information to and from external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Alternatively, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 (it may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0342] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of the following to an external device via wireless communication: signals from the various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on said signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 59. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc., may also be called input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include the information based on the above input.

[0343] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, inter-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on the information service unit 59 installed in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit, which outputs information (for example, it outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 60).

[0344] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, various sensors 50-58, etc., which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0345] Furthermore, the term "base station" in this disclosure may be interpreted as "user terminal." For example, the various aspects / embodiments of this disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Also, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be interpreted as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., may be interpreted as sidelink channel.

[0346] Similarly, the term "user terminal" in this disclosure may be replaced with "base station." In this case, the base station 10 may be configured to have the same functions as the user terminal 20 described above.

[0347] In this disclosure, operations performed by a base station may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. In a network including one or more network nodes having base stations, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with terminals may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (for example, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving Gateway (S-GW), etc., but not limited to these), or a combination thereof.

[0348] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used individually, in combination, or switched between as needed during execution. Furthermore, the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc., of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be rearranged in order, provided they are consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present various step elements using exemplary order and are not limited to the specific order presented.

[0349] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure is Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (where x is, for example, an integer or decimal)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM®), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi®), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX®), IEEE 802.20, systems utilizing Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth®, or other appropriate wireless communication methods, and next-generation systems extended, modified, created, or defined based thereon may also be applied. Furthermore, multiple systems may be applied in combination (for example, a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0350] In this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based solely on" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based solely on" and "based at least on."

[0351] Any reference to elements using the designations “first,” “second,” etc., as used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient way to distinguish between two or more elements. Accordingly, the references to the first and second elements do not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in any way.

[0352] The term “determining” as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may be considered to mean judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, or inquiring (e.g., searching in tables, databases, or other data structures), ascertaining, etc.

[0353] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" may be considered as "judging (deciding)" things like receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory).

[0354] Furthermore, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of some action. In this disclosure, “judgment (decision)” may be interpreted as mutually interchangeable with the actions described above.

[0355] Furthermore, in this disclosure, “determine / determining” may be interpreted as “assume / assuming,” “expect / expecting,” or “consider / considering.” In addition, in this disclosure, “not expecting to do…” may be interpreted as “expecting not to do….”

[0356] In this disclosure, "expect" may be rephrased as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." (where "..." may be expressed as a that clause, an infinitive, etc.) may be rephrased as "be expected ..." or "do (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Similarly, "does not expect ..." may be rephrased as "be not expected ..." or "do not (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be rephrased as "An apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0357] The term "maximum transmit power" as used in this disclosure may mean the maximum transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0358] As used in this disclosure, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” and any variations thereof mean any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” with each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” may be replaced with “access.”

[0359] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they can be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., and, in some non-exclusive and non-exclusive examples, electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency domain, microwave domain, and optical (both visible and invisible) domain.

[0360] In this disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combine" may be interpreted similarly to "different."

[0361] Where the terms “include,” “including,” and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, as is the term “comprising.” Furthermore, the term “or” as used in this disclosure is not intended to mean exclusive OR.

[0362] In this disclosure, if articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, this disclosure may include the fact that the noun following these articles is plural.

[0363] In this disclosure, "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than or equal to," "more than," and "equal to" may be interpreted interchangeably. In addition, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees. In addition, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees, by adding "i-th" (where i is any integer) to the expression (for example, "highest" may be interpreted interchangeably with "i-th highest").

[0364] In this disclosure, "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," and "associated with" may be interpreted as being interchangeable.

[0365] In this disclosure, phrases such as "when A, B", "if A, then B", "B upon A", "B in response to A", "B based on A", "B during / while A", "B before A", "B at (the same time as) / on A", "B after A", "B since A", and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Furthermore, A, B, etc., may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, or regular sentences depending on the context. The time difference between A and B may be approximately zero (immediately after or immediately before). Additionally, a time offset may be applied to the time when A occurs. For example, "A" may be interpreted as "before / after the time offset when A occurs". The time offset (e.g., one or more symbols / slots) may be predetermined or determined by the UE based on notified information.

[0366] In this disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any unit of time (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0367] Although the invention described herein has been explained in detail above, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the invention described herein is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The descriptions herein are illustrative and not intended to be restrictive in any way to the invention described herein.

[0368] This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2025-031907, filed on February 28, 2025. All of its contents are included herein.

Claims

1. A terminal having a control unit that generates a signal by performing encoding and scrambling processing based on an artificial intelligence model on uplink control information, and a transmission unit that transmits the signal using the same resources as another signal generated by another terminal by performing encoding and scrambling processing based on another artificial intelligence model on other information.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the uplink control information is a channel status information report of the terminal, and the other information is a channel status information report of the other terminal.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the signal and the other signal are transmitted toward different base stations.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit uses the same scrambling code for the scrambling process for the other information as the scrambling code used for the scrambling process for the other information when the artificial intelligence model and the other artificial intelligence model are different models.

5. A wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising the steps of: generating a signal by performing encoding and scrambling processing based on an artificial intelligence model on uplink control information; and transmitting the signal on the same resources as another signal generated by another terminal by performing encoding and scrambling processing based on another artificial intelligence model on other information.

6. A base station having: a receiving unit that applies a demultiplexing procedure to a received signal to generate a signal from one terminal and another signal from another terminal; and a control unit that performs decoding and descrambling processing based on an artificial intelligence model on the signal from the terminal to restore uplink control information, and performs decoding and descrambling processing based on another artificial intelligence model on the other signal from the other terminal to restore other information.

Images