UE-NW coordination
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/133543
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-07
- Publication Date
- 2026-09-17
Smart Images

Figure CN2025133543_17092026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
UE-NW COORDINATIONTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to user equipment-network (UE-NW) coordination.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations (BSs) , which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication devices, such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .
[0003] With the development of the communication, a study on architecture for 6G system is started. For the user plane of the 6G network, one consideration is to enhance the UE, the application and the network collaboration, which includes the UE-NW collaboration (or coordination or interaction) and the application server (AS) -network collaboration. For the UE-NW collaboration, the UE application client may perform adjustment of the codec algorithms according to the network status information provided by the network. Besides, the network may adjust its radio resource management according to the traffic pattern provided by the UE. Regarding the information exchange, there are still some issues for the UE-NW coordination to be addressed.SUMMARY
[0004] The present disclosure relates to methods, apparatuses, and systems that support the UE-NW coordination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0005] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein include, receiving, via a coordination layer from a first network function, network status information of a quality of service (QoS) flow; and providing the network status information to an application layer associated with the QoS flow.
[0006] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include transmitting, to a second network function, a request of the network status information for the QoS flow.
[0007] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include transmitting, via the coordination layer to the first network function, a request of exposing the network status information to the UE.
[0008] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include transmitting, to a second network function, capability information of the UE indicating that the UE is capable of performing UE-network (UE-NW) coordination; and receiving, from the second network function, addressing information at the first network function side for the UE-NW coordination.
[0009] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include receiving, from a second network function, a configuration of reporting a traffic pattern for the QoS flow; and transmitting, via the coordination layer to the first network function, traffic pattern information of the QoS flow.
[0010] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include transmitting, to the second network function, at least one of the following: an ID of a PDU session, an indication that supports reporting the traffic pattern; a type of traffic pattern supported by the UE; a packet filter; a QoS rule identifier; or a QoS flow identifier (QFI) .
[0011] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include receiving, via the coordination layer from the first network function, a request for reporting a traffic pattern of the QoS flow; and transmitting, to the first network function via the coordination layer, traffic pattern information of the QoS flow.
[0012] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the network status information may comprise at least one of the following: congestion information; an available bitrate; a maximum bitrate; end to end (E2E) transmission delay; a packet loss rate; or E2E transmission jitter.
[0013] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, transmitting the capability information may comprise transmitting the capability information in a protocol data unit (PDU) session establishment request or a PDU session modification request.
[0014] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, receiving the addressing information may comprise receiving the addressing information in a PDU session establishment acknowledgement or a PDU session modification acknowledgement.
[0015] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the addressing information at the first network function side may comprise at least one of the following: an Internet protocol (IP) address for the UE-NW coordination; or a port number for the QoS flow for the UE-NW coordination.
[0016] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the configuration of reporting the traffic pattern may comprise at least one of the following: an indication of reporting the traffic pattern; a type of the traffic pattern; a threshold of reporting the traffic pattern; or an identity (ID) of the QoS flow.
[0017] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the traffic pattern information may comprise at least one of the following: time to next burst (TTNB) ; a forward error correction (FEC) ratio; a size of a burst; or a periodicity of a burst.
[0018] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein include, receiving, a request of exposing the network status information of a QoS flow to a UE and transmitting, via a coordination layer to the UE, the network status information of the QoS flow.
[0019] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include receiving the network status information of the QoS flow from a network device, where the UE is served by the network device.
[0020] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include transmitting, to a second network function, at least one of an ID of a PDU session, an indication of the network status information required, a required type of the network status information, or a QFI.
[0021] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include transmitting, to a network device, at least one of an ID of the UE, an ID of a PDU session, an indication of the network status information required, a required type of reporting network status information, or a QFI; and receiving, from the network device, at least one of the ID of the UE, the ID of a PDU session, the network status information with the required type, or the QFI.
[0022] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include receiving, from a second network function, one of an indication of UE-NW coordination, or the indication of the UE-NW coordination and an ID of the QoS flow; and transmitting, to the second network function, addressing information at the first network function side for the UE-NW coordination.
[0023] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include receiving, via the coordination layer from the UE, traffic pattern information of the QoS flow; and transmitting, to a network device, the traffic pattern information of the QoS flow.
[0024] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include receiving, from the second network function, information of reporting the traffic pattern of the QoS flow to the network device; and transmitting traffic pattern information of the QoS flow to a network device.
[0025] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include receiving, from the network device, at least one of an ID of the UE, an ID of a PDU session, a request of the traffic pattern information, and a QFI; and transmitting, to the network device, at least one of an ID of the UE, an ID of a PDU session, the traffic pattern information, and the QFI.
[0026] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include transmitting, via the coordination layer to the UE, a request of the traffic pattern information of the QoS flow.
[0027] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, receiving the request of exposing the network status information may comprise one of the following: receiving, from a second network function, a request of exposing the network status information to the UE; or receiving, via the coordination layer from the UE, a request of exposing the network status information to the UE.
[0028] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the network status information may comprise at least one of congestion information, an available bitrate, a maximum bitrate, E2E transmission delay, a packet loss rate, or E2E transmission jitter, and the request of exposing the network status information to the UE may comprise at least one of an indication of exposing the network status information to the UE, or a required type of network status information.
[0029] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the information of reporting the traffic pattern to the network device may comprise at least one of the following: an indication of reporting the traffic pattern to the network device; a type of the traffic pattern to be reported to the network device; or an ID of the QoS flow.
[0030] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the traffic pattern information may comprise at least one of the following: TTNB; a FEC ratio; a size of a burst; or a periodicity of a burst.
[0031] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein include, receiving a request of network status information of a QoS flow of a UE; and transmitting, to a network device, at least one of an ID of a PDU session, an indication of the network status information required, a required type of the network status information, and a QFI.
[0032] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include transmitting, to a first network function, a request of exposing the network status information to the UE.
[0033] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include transmitting, to the first network function, one of an indication of UE-NW coordination, or the indication of the UE-NW coordination and an ID of the QoS flow; receiving, from the first network function, addressing information at the first network function side for the UE-NW coordination; and transmitting the addressing information to the UE.
[0034] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include transmitting the one of an indication of the UE-NW coordination, or the indication of the UE-NW coordination and a list of at least one QoS flow based on one of the following: receiving capability information of the UE indicating that the UE is capable of performing the UE-NW coordination; obtaining, from a third network function, subscription data of the UE comprising information of the UE-NW coordination; or receiving, from a fourth network function, a policy and charging control (PCC) rule comprising a request of the UE-NW coordination.
[0035] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include transmitting, to a first network function, information of reporting the traffic pattern of the QoS flow to the network device.
[0036] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include transmitting, to the UE, a configuration of reporting the traffic pattern of the QoS flow to a first network function.
[0037] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include receiving, from the network device, traffic pattern information of the QoS flow required by the network device.
[0038] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include receiving, from a UE, at least one of the following: the ID of the PDU session, an indication that supports reporting the traffic pattern report; a type of traffic pattern supported by the UE; a packet filter; a QoS rule identifier; or a QFI.
[0039] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, receiving the request of network status information may comprise one of the following: receiving, from a UE, a request of the network status information of the QoS flow; or receiving, from a first network function, a request of the network status information of the QoS flow.
[0040] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the request of the network status information may comprise at least one of an indication of the network status information required, a required type of the network status information, an ID of a PDU session, and a QFI.
[0041] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the network status information may comprise at least one of a congestion information, an available bitrate, a maximum bitrate, E2E transmission delay, a packet loss rate, or E2E transmission jitter.
[0042] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the addressing information at the first network function side may comprise at least one of the following: an IP address for the UE-NW coordination; or a port number for the QoS flow for the UE-NW coordination.
[0043] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the information of reporting the traffic pattern to the network device may comprise at least one of the following: an indication of reporting the traffic pattern to the network device; a type of the traffic pattern to be reported to the network device; and an identity of the QoS flow.
[0044] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the configuration of reporting the traffic pattern may comprise at least one of the following: an indication of reporting the traffic pattern; a type of the traffic pattern; a threshold of reporting the traffic pattern; or an identity of the QoS flow.
[0045] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the traffic pattern information may comprise at least one of the following: TTNB; a FEC ratio; a size of a burst; or a periodicity of a burst.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0046] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports UE-NW coordination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0047] FIG. 1B illustrates a UE / UPF measurements related protocol stack for 3GPP access and for an MA PDU Session with type IP.
[0048] FIG. 2 illustrates an example signaling chart illustrating an example process that supports the UE-NW coordination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0049] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of protocols for the UE-NW coordination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0050] FIG. 4 illustrates an example process of the UE-NW coordination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0051] FIG. 5 illustrates an example process of the UE-NW coordination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0052] FIG. 6 illustrates an example process of the UE-NW coordination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0053] FIG. 7 illustrates an example process of the UE-NW coordination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0054] FIG. 8 illustrates an example process of the UE-NW coordination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0055] FIG. 9 illustrate illustrates an example of a device that supports the UE-NW coordination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0056] FIG. 10 illustrate illustrates an example of a processor that supports the UE-NW coordination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0057] FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of a method that supports UE-NW coordination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0058] FIG. 12 illustrates a flowchart of a method that supports UE-NW coordination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0059] FIG. 13 illustrates a flowchart of a method that supports UE-NW coordination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0060] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0061] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein may be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0062] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0063] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0064] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0065] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0066] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as, 5G new radio (NR) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) , and so on. Further, the communications between a user equipment and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will also be future type communication technologies and systems in which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned systems.
[0067] As used herein, the term “network device” generally refers to a node in a communication network via which a user equipment can access the communication network and receive services therefrom. The network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , a radio access network (RAN) node, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , an infrastructure device for a V2X (vehicle-to-everything) communication, a transmission and reception point (TRP) , a reception point (RP) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a low power node such as a femto a base station (BS) , a pico BS, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology. The network device may further refer to a network function (NF) in the core network, for example, a SMF, an AMF, a PCF, a UPF or devices with same function in future network architectures, and so forth.
[0068] As used herein, the term “UE” generally refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communications. By way of example rather than a limitation, a user equipment may also be referred to as a communication device, a terminal device, an end user device, a subscriber station (SS) , an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , a portable subscriber station, a mobile station (MS) , or an access terminal (AT) . The user equipment may include, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a voice over IP (VoIP) phone, a wireless local loop phone, a tablet, a wearable user equipment, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a portable computer, a desktop computer, an image capture user equipment such as a digital camera, a gaming user equipment, a music storage and playback appliance, a vehicle-mounted wireless user equipment, a wireless endpoint, a mobile station, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , a USB dongle, a smart device, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device (for example, a remote surgery device) , an industrial device (for example, a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. In the following description, the terms: “user equipment, ” “communication device, ” “terminal, ” “user equipment” and “UE, ” may be used interchangeably.
[0069] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100A that supports the UE-NW coordination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100A may include one or more network entities 102 (also referred to as network equipment) , one or more UEs 104, a core network 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100A may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100A may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100A may be a 5G network, such as an NR network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100A may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100A may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100A may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0070] The one or more network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100A. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a radio access network (RAN) , a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
[0071] A network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0072] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100A. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100A. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100A.
[0073] The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in FIG. 1A. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in FIG. 1A. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100A.
[0074] A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0075] A network entity 102 may support communications with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
[0076] In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.
[0077] An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0078] Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160.
[0079] Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .
[0080] A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0081] The core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as registration management, mobility management, connection management, access authentication / authorization, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106.
[0082] The core network 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an N6, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a PDU session, or the like) with the core network 106 via a network entity 102. The core network 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the core network 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the core network 106) .
[0083] In the wireless communications system 100A, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100A (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0084] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100A, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0085] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0086] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100A. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0087] In the wireless communications system 100A, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100A may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0088] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0089] With the development of the communication, a study on architecture for 6G system is started. The following items that have consensus: investigate if new functionality in 6G QoS framework is required, considering, e.g., the emerging new traffic characteristics and application needs; whether and how to enhance QoS mechanisms to support QoS targets fulfilling application requirements (e.g., dynamic QoS requirements) in a less resource intensive manner than the existing guaranteed bit rate (GBR) , delay critical-GBR; study whether and what enhancements are needed to adjust the QoS targets, in case the current QoS targets cannot be met, to minimize the impacts to application operation or user experience; study whether and how to support the UE, application and network QoS collaboration to improve awareness in the 6G system (6GS) of application traffic needs, e.g., the traffic pattern, the dynamic QoS requirements and awareness in the application / UE of what can be provided by the network, e.g., maximum bitrate.
[0090] It is to be noted that applications typically consist of an application client in the UE and application server in the data network (DN) .
[0091] In R18 XRM, 5GS information exposure is introduced, there’ re mainly three options. In the first option, the SMF provides a QoS flow level explicit congestion notification (ECN) marking for Low Latency, Low Loss, Scalable Throughput (L4S) indicator to PDU Session Anchor (PSA) user plane function (UPF) . The SMF requests the RAN node to provide congestion information in general packet radio service (GPRS) tunneling protocol for user plane (GTP-U) header to PSA UPF. PSA UPF then performs ECN marking for L4S in IP header based on the congestion information provided by the RAN node.
[0092] In the second option, the SMF requests the RAN node to provide congestion information in GTP-U header to the PSA UPF. The PSA UPF then forward congestion information by API based on the congestion information provided by the RAN node.
[0093] In the third option, the SMF provides a QoS flow Level ECN marking for L4S indicator to the RAN node. RAN node performs ECN marking for L4S in IP header based on the congestion information .
[0094] In R19 XRM, it is agreed that available data rate is exposed for GBR QoS flow. For a GBR QoS flow, based on the PCC rule from PCF, the SMF requests the NG-RAN to report the UL and / or DL available bitrate. The NG-RAN reports the UL and / or DL available bitrate information to the PSA UPF via the GTP-U header of UL packets. The SMF further requests the PSA UPF to expose the available bitrate to the application function (AF) directly or via local network exposure function (NEF) .
[0095] In R19 XRM, the data burst size and time to next burst marking (TTNB) are introduced to support dynamically changing traffic characteristics via the user plane. The data burst size may be provided to the NG-RAN in the downlink GTP-U header by the UPF in order to assist radio resource management.
[0096] The time to next data burst, which is the interval between the transmission of the last PDU in the current data burst and the first PDU of the next data burst, may be provided to the NG-RAN by the UPF to assist NG-RAN's behaviour in downlink.
[0097] The access traffic steering, switching, splitting (ATSSS) feature is an optional feature that may be supported by the UE and the 5GC network. The ATSSS feature enables a multi-access PDU connectivity service, which can exchange PDUs between the UE and a data network by simultaneously using one 3GPP access network and one non-3GPP access network and two independent N3 / N9 tunnels between the PSA UPF and RAN / AN.
[0098] When an MA PDU Session is established, the network may provide the UE with measurement assistance information. This information assists the UE in determining which measurements to be performed over both accesses, as well as whether measurement reports need to be sent to the network.
[0099] Measurement assistance information may include the addressing information of a performance measurement function (PMF) in the UPF. For a PDU session of the IP type, measurement assistance information contains one IP address for the PMF, and the UE may send PMF protocol messages to one user datagram protocol (UDP) port associated with 3GPP access and another UDP port associated with non-3GPP access. PMF messages sent by the UE to one of these UDP ports, may be transmitted to the UPF via the QoS flow associated with the default QoS rule.
[0100] If the SMF determines that access performance measurements per QoS flow to be applied for the MA PDU session, then the measurement assistance information may also include a list of QoS flows on which access performance measurements may be performed. For each QoS flow in this list, the following information is included: the QFI of the associated QoS flow. For a PDU Session of IP type, one UDP port associated with 3GPP access and another UDP port associated with non-3GPP access is included. PMF messages sent by the UE to one of these UDP ports, may be transmitted to UPF via the associated QoS flow.
[0101] The UE and the UPF may need to perform access performance measurements in order to estimate the round-trip time (RTT) and / or the packet loss rate (PLR) that a service data flow (SDF) is expected to experience when transmitted on a certain access type. Based on these measurements and the provisioned ATSSS rules in the UE and mobile access router (MAR) rules in the UPF, the UE and the UPF decide how to distribute the traffic of an SDF across the two accesses.
[0102] The UE may indicate in its ATSSS capabilities that it supports access performance measurements per QoS flow. Based on this UE capability and other information (such as local policy) , the SMF determines whether access performance measurements per QoS flow to be applied for the mobility access (MA) PDU session or not. If the SMF determines that access performance measurements per QoS flow to be applied for the MA PDU Session, then the SMF determines a list of QoS flows over which access performance measurements may be performed and provides this list to the UE (within the measurement assistance information) and to the UPF.
[0103] In addition, the UE and the UPF may initiate access performance measurements on one or more of the QoS flows included in this list. The UE and the UPF may be able to receive and respond to PMF messages sent on any QoS flow included in this list. The SMF may update the list of QoS flows over which access performance measurements may be performed during the lifetime of a MA PDU Session, e.g. when a new PCC rule that could benefit from PMF access performance measurements is bound to a QoS flow.
[0104] The addressing information of the PMF in the UPF is retrieved by the SMF from the UPF during N4 session establishment. If the UPF receives from the SMF, during a N4 session establishment or modification procedure, a list of QoS flows over which access performance measurements may be performed, the UPF allocates different UDP ports per QoS flow per access for IP PDU sessions, or allocates different MAC addresses per QoS flow per access for ethernet PDU sessions. For IP PDU sessions, the UPF sends the PMF IP addressing information and the UDP ports with the QFI of the associated QoS flow to the SMF. For ethernet PDU sessions, the UPF sends the MAC addresses with the QFI of the associated QoS flow to the SMF.
[0105] The following PMF protocol messages can be exchanged between the UE and the UPF: messages to allow for round trip time (RTT) measurements, i.e. when the “Smallest Delay” steering mode is used or when either “Priority-based” , “Load-Balancing” or “Redundant” steering mode is used with a RTT threshold value being applied; messages to allow for packet loss rate (PLR) measurements, i.e. when steering mode is used either “Priority-based” , “Load-Balancing” or “Redundant” steering mode is used with PLR threshold value being applied; messages for reporting Access availability / unavailability by the UE to the UPF; messages for sending UE-assistance data to UPF. Such messages may be sent from the UE to the UPF only when the UE receives the UE-assistance indicator in an ATSSS rule; messages for sending suspend traffic duplication and resume traffic duplication from the UPF to the UE to suspend or resume traffic duplication.
[0106] In the case of a MA PDU session of the IP type, if access performance measurements are performed only over the QoS flow associated with the default QoS rule, the PMF in the UE sends PMF messages to the PMF in the UPF over user datagram protocol (UDP) / IP. The destination IP address is the IP address contained in the measurement assistance information and the destination UDP port is one of the two UDP ports contained in the measurement assistance information. One UDP port is used for sending PMF messages to UPF over 3GPP access and the other UDP port is used for sending PMF messages to UPF over non-3GPP access. The source IP address is the IP address assigned to the UE for the MA PDU session and the source UDP port is a UDP port that is dynamically allocated by the UE for PMF communication. This source UDP port in the UE remains the same for the entire lifetime of the MA PDU Session.
[0107] If access performance measurements per QoS flow is performed, the measurement assistance information contains UDP ports, one for each QoS flow and access combination. When the UE sends PMF message over a QoS flow of an access, the UE may set the destination UDP port as the UDP port for the QoS flow and the access in measurement assistance information.
[0108] In general, the UE reports ATSSS capabilities and the SMF configures the UE and the UPF to perform PMF. The SMF provides the UE with the IP address for PMF in the UPF, one UDP port associated with 3GPP access and another UDP port associated with non-3GPP access. The UE uses the IP address of the multiple access (MA) PDU session for the PMF message exchange with the UPF. The UE and the UPF can perform RTT, PLR and access availability / unavailability via PMF layer as shown in FIG. 1B. The PMF is mainly used for MA PDU to assist the network to select the 3GPP access and / or non-3GPP access.
[0109] For the UE-NW collaboration / coordination / interaction (or called UE-NW coordination, UE-Network / NW interaction) , how the UE and the PSA UPF establish the coordination layer between them is considered. How to trigger network status information exposure to the UE and how to trigger the UE to provide traffic pattern information to the network are considered.
[0110] In view of the above discussions, some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for UE-NW coordination. In one aspect of the solution of the present disclosure, a UE receives, via a coordination layer from a first network function, network status information of a QoS flow; and provides the network status information to an application client / layer associated with the QoS flow. In this way, the network status information may be exposed to the UE, and thus the efficiency of the communications is improved. Principles and implementations of embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 2-13.
[0111] FIG. 2 illustrates an example signaling chart illustrating an example process that supports UE-NW coordination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 200 may involve the UE 201, the first network function 202, and the second network function 203. In some embodiments, the first network function 202 may be a UPF and the second network function 203 may be a session management function (SMF) .
[0112] It would be appreciated that although the process 200 is applied in the communication environment 100A of FIG. 1A, this process may be likewise applied to other communication scenarios with similar issues.
[0113] In the process 200, the second network function 203 receives a request of network status information of a QoS flow of the UE 201. The QoS flow may include one or more IP flows (or service data flow, or media flow, or data flow) . Alternatively, the QoS flow mentioned in the following can be replaced by the IP flow instead.
[0114] In some embodiments, the second network function 203 may receive the request of network status information by receiving 220, from the first network function 202, the request of the network status information of the QoS flow 215. Correspondingly, the first network function 202 may transmit 210, to the second network function 203, a request 215 of the network status information for the QoS flow.
[0115] Additionally, the request of the network status information may comprise an indication of the network status information required, a required type of the network status information, an ID of a PDU session, a QFI, or any combination of two or more of above-mentioned items. In case of the IP flow, the IP flow identifier (e.g., Packet Detection Rule (PDR) rule identifier or the QoS rule identifier) may also be included in the request of the network status information.
[0116] Such embodiments will be described with reference to FIG. 4 later.
[0117] In some alternative embodiments, the second network function 203 may receive the request of network status information by receiving 230, from the UE 201, a request 215 of the network status information of the QoS flow. Correspondingly, the UE 201 may transmit 225, to the second network function 203, a request 215 of the network status information for the QoS flow. Such embodiments will be described with reference to FIG. 5 later.
[0118] Additionally or alternatively, the network status information may comprise congestion information, an available bitrate, a maximum bitrate, E2E transmission delay, a packet loss rate, E2E transmission jitter, or any combination of two or more of above-mentioned items.
[0119] In other words, network information exposure to the UE 201 based on UE-NW coordination is considered. Network information mainly includes network status information. The UE 201 may also require QoS monitoring results, e.g., E2E transmission delay, packet loss rate, E2E transmission jitter etc.
[0120] All the parameters can be regarded as network information or network status information. All the network status information may be associated with specific QoS flow of a PDU session or be associated with a PDU session.
[0121] With continued reference to FIG. 2, the second network function 203 transmits 240, to a network device, at least one of an ID of a PDU session, an indication of the network status information required, a required type of the network status information, and a QFI. In an example, the network device may be a serving RAN node for the UE 201.
[0122] With continued reference to FIG. 2, the first network function 202 receives a request of exposing the network status information of a QoS flow to the UE 201.
[0123] In some embodiments, the first network function 202 may receive the request of exposing the network status information of a QoS flow to the UE 201 by receiving 260, from the second network function 202, a request 255 of exposing the network status information to the UE 201. On the other side of the communication, the second network function 202 may transmit 250, to the first network function 202, a request 255 of exposing the network status information to the UE 201. Such embodiments will be described with reference to FIG. 4 later.
[0124] In some alternative embodiments, the first network function 202 may receive the request of exposing the network status information of a QoS flow to the UE 201 by receiving 270, via the coordination layer from the UE 201, a request 255 of exposing the network status information to the UE 201. On the other side of the communication, the UE 201 may transmit 265, via the coordination layer to the first network function 202, a request 255 of exposing the network status information to the UE 201.
[0125] Such embodiments will be described with reference to FIG. 5 later.
[0126] Additionally, the request of exposing the network status information to the UE may comprise an indication of exposing the network status information to the UE, a required type of network status information, an ID of a PDU session, a QFI, or a combination of above mentioned two items.
[0127] In addition, similar as the PMF, the protocols for the coordination layer are as shown in FIG. 3. There’s a coordination layer between UE and PSA UPF. The coordination layer is above UDP / IP layer between UE and PSA UPF. The coordination layer between UE and PSA UPF is established together with the PDU session of the UE. That is, the UE-NW coordination layer is associated with a PDU session and work for the PDU session. The coordination layer may be similar as the PMF layer, and some messages can be defined to be exchanged over coordination layer.
[0128] Alternatively, multipath aware Socks and QUIC enhancements (MASQUE) may be used for the coordination layer. The UE can be regarded as the client, and the PSA UPF can be regarded as the MASQUE proxy and target server. Or, the UE can be regarded as the client, the PSA UPF can be regarded as the MASQUE proxy, and the application server can be regarded as the target server. Other mechanisms may be applied for the coordination layer, e.g., media over QUIC, QUIC-Aware proxying using HTTP, connect-UDP for proxy-UDP-in-HTTP etc.
[0129] With continued reference to FIG. 2, the first network function 202 transmits 280, via a coordination layer to the UE 201, the network status information of the QoS flow 285.
[0130] After receiving 290, via a coordination layer from the first network function 202, the network status information 285 of a QoS flow, the UE 201 provides 295 the network status information to an application layer (or application client) associated with the QoS flow.
[0131] For instance, based on the network status information provided by the PSA UPF, the NAS layer of the UE 201 may forward the network status information to the specific application of the UE 201 based on the associated QoS flow or PDU session.
[0132] With the process 200, the network status information may be triggered to exposure to the UE 201. Then, the UE 201 may optimize the data transmission with the network status information. Thus, the communication performance is improved.
[0133] FIG. 4 illustrates an example process 400 that supports the UE-NW coordination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 400 may involve the App layer 401, the UE 402, the RAN node 403, the SMF 404 and the UPF 405. The process 400 may be considered as an example implementation of the process 200. For the purpose of discussion, the process 400 will be described with reference to FIG. 2. The UE 402 may be an example of the UE 201 in FIG. 2. The SMF 404 may be an example of the second network function 203 in FIG. 2. The UPF 405 may be an example of the first network function 202 in FIG. 2.
[0134] In the process 400, at 410, the UE 402 triggers a PDU Session establishment / modification with UE-NW coordination configuration. Such embodiments will be described with reference to FIG. 6 in detail later.
[0135] At 415, the UE 402 may transmit, to the SMF 404, a request of the network status information for the QoS flow. Besides, the UE 402 may also provide direction (e.g., UL, DL or both) to the SMF 404. The PDU session ID, and packet filter (or QFI or QoS rule identifier) may be used to identify the associated QoS flow.
[0136] For example, the UE 402 may send a packet filter (or QoS rule identifier) and the request of the network status information in the PDU session establishment / modification procedure at 410. The packet filter (or QoS rule identifier) is used to identify the service data flow. One example of packet filter includes the source / destination IP address or IPv6 prefix, the source / destination port number, a protocol ID of the protocol above IP / Next header type etc. The QoS rule identifier is provided by the SMF 404 to the UE 402, which is used to refer to specific packet filter (or packet filter set) .
[0137] Alternatively, the UE 402 may send the QFI and the request of the network status information to the SMF 404 by triggering a PDU session modification procedure. The request of the network status information may be in the form of an indication of network status information required, the required type of network status information. Alternatively, the QFI may be included in the request.
[0138] For example, the request of the network status information may include at least one of congestion, available bitrate, maximum bitrate, E2E transmission delay, packet loss rate, E2E transmission jitter etc.
[0139] If the action 415 does not exist, it is assumed that as long as the UE-NW coordination layer is established, network information exposure to the UE 402 is naturally supported. That is, the UE 402 does not need to request for network information exposure.
[0140] There’ re mainly two use cases here. Regarding congestion or available bitrate (or maximum bitrate) that is provided by the RAN node 403 as already agreed in R18 / R19 XRM, the following actions apply.
[0141] At 420, the SMF 404 transmits, to the RAN node 403, at least one of an ID of a PDU session, an indication of the network status information required, a required type of the network status information, and a QFI. For example, the SMF 404 may send, to the serving RAN node of the UE 402, an ID of a PDU session, and congestion / available bitrate / maximum bitrate report indication. Additionally, the SMF 404 may further send a QFI.
[0142] Besides, the SMF 404 may also provide direction (e.g., UL, DL or both) to the RAN node. The SMF 404 may also request the RAN node 403 to provide the maximum bitrate for the associated QoS flow, or the maximum bitrate for the PDU session of the UE 402, or the maximum bitrate for the UE 402.
[0143] Action 420 may be triggered by action 415 if it exists. That is, upon receiving the request of the network status information (e.g., the indication or required type of the network status information) from the UE 402, the SMF 404 sends the QFI and the congestion / available bitrate / maximum bitrate report indication to the serving RAN node of the UE 402. For example, the SMF 404 may provide the UE ID#1 (e.g., subscription permanent identifier, SUPI) , the ID of the PDU session and N2 SM information which includes QFI and congestion / available bitrate / maximum bitrate report indication to the AMF, where N2 SM information is transparent to the AMF. Alternatively, action 420 may be triggered upon the coordination layer establishment between the UE 402 and the UPF 405.
[0144] The AMF then forwards the N2 SM information to the serving RAN node 403 of the UE 402 based on the UE ID#1. The AMF translates the UE ID#1 (e.g., SUPI) into the UE ID#2 (e.g., AMF UE NGAP ID and / or RAN UE NGAP ID) for the UE 402. For example, the AMF provides the UE ID#2, the ID of the PDU session and N2 SM information to the RAN node.
[0145] It is to be noted that in 6G, the AMF may be replaced by other NF name, but the main functionality is responsible for registration, connection, mobility management etc. Besides, the SMF may be replaced by other NF name, but the main functionality is responsible for session management, the IP address allocation etc. The GTP-U protocol between the RAN node and the UPF, the UPF and the PSA UPF may be replaced by other new protocols, e.g., SRv6.
[0146] In this way, the RAN node 403 is able to know for which QoS flow of which PDU session of which the UE 402 the SMF 404 requests congestion / available bitrate / maximum bitrate. If the SMF 404 requests congestion / available bitrate / maximum bitrate information without providing the QFI to the RAN node, it means the congestion / available bitrate / maximum bitrate can be applied to the whole PDU session. In this way, the RAN node may report the congestion / available bitrate / maximum bitrate information in the GTP-U header of the default QoS flow to the UPF 405.
[0147] Before 415, the SMF 404 may forward at least one of the ID of the UE, the ID of the PDU session, the UE IP address and the request of the network status information to PCF. The PCF may perform authorization for it. Alternatively, the SMF 404 may obtain the UE 402 subscription data from the unified data management (UDM) , which includes whether the UE 402 is authorized to the request for network status information.
[0148] It is to be noted that in 6G, the GTP-U protocol between the RAN node and UPF 405 may be replaced by other new protocols, e.g., SRv6. In the process 200 or 400, the RAN node 403 provides the information in the SRv6 header of the QoS flow.
[0149] At 425, the SMF 404 transmit, to the UPF 405, a request of exposing the network status information to the UE 402. Besides, the SMF 404 may also provide direction (e.g., UL, DL or both) to the UPF 405. The exposing the network status information to the UE 402 may comprise an indication of network status information exposure to the UE 402. In this case, all available network status information may be exposed to the UE 402. The exposing the network status information to the UE 402 may also comprise the required type of network status information. For example, the request of network status information exposure to the UE 402 includes at least one of the congestion, the available bitrate, the maximum bitrate in this use case.
[0150] In an example, the SMF 404 may send N4 session modification request to the UPF 405, which includes a N4 session ID, the QFI (or PDR rule identifier) and the request of of exposing the network status information to the UE 402. The N4 session ID is used to refer to the PDU session between the UE 402 and the UPF 405. If only the indication of network status information exposure to the UE 402, the UPF 405 knows that all available network status information may be sent to the UE 402. If the specific required type of the network status information is included, the UPF 405 will send the required parameters (e.g., congestion / available bitrate / maximum bitrate) to the UE 402 via the coordination layer. If the SMF 404 requests congestion / available bitrate / maximum bitrate information without providing the QFI to the UPF 405, it means the congestion / available bitrate / maximum bitrate can be applied to the whole PDU session. In this case, the UPF 405 may receive the congestion / available bitrate / maximum bitrate associated with the default QoS flow of the PDU session from the RAN node 403.
[0151] The SMF 404 may send the mapping of the request of exposing the network status information to the UE 402 and a list of associated QoS flow (e.g., QFIs) to the UPF 405. Alternatively, the SMF 404 may send a list of mapping of the request of exposing the network status information to the UE 402 and the QFI for the associated QoS flow to the UPF 405.
[0152] At 430, the UPF 405 receives the network status information of the QoS flow from the RAN node 403, and the UE 402 is served by the RAN node 403. In an example, the RAN node 403 may send the UL / DL congestion or the available bitrate or maximum bitrate information in the GTP-U header of the associated QoS flow to the UPF 405. In a further example, if the SMF 404 provides the QFI at 420, then the RAN node 403 provides the UL / DL congestion or available bitrate or maximum bitrate information in the GTP-U header of the QoS flow identified by the QFI to the UPF 405. That is, the RAN node 403 includes both QFI and the UL / DL congestion or available bitrate or maximum bitrate information in the GTP-U header of the associated QoS flow.
[0153] If the SMF 404 does not provide the QFI at 420, then the RAN node 403 provides the UL / DL congestion or available bitrate or maximum bitrate information in the GTP-U header of the default QoS flow to the UPF 405. That is, the RAN node 403 includes both QFI and the UL / DL congestion or available bitrate or maximum bitrate information in the GTP-U header of the default QoS flow.
[0154] In the another use case, regarding QoS monitoring results requested by the UE 402, the following actions applies.
[0155] At 435, the SMF 404 transmits, to the UPF 405, a request of exposing the network status information (e.g., QoS monitoring) to the UE 402 for the associated QoS flow (s) . Besides, the SMF 404 may also provide direction (e.g., UL, DL or both) to the UPF 405.
[0156] The request of exposing the network status information to the UE 402 in this case may comprise the indication of exposing the network status information to the UE 402. In this case, all available network status information shall be sent to the UE 402.
[0157] The request of exposing the network status information to the UE 402 may also comprise the required type of network status information. For example, the request of exposing the network status information to the UE 402 includes at least one of QoS monitoring results (e.g., E2E transmission delay, packet loss rate, E2E transmission jitter) in this use case.
[0158] Similar as in action 425, the SMF 404 may send the mapping of the request of exposing the network status information to the UE 402 and a list of associated QoS flow (e.g., QFIs) to the UPF 405. Alternatively, the SMF 404 may send a list of mapping of the request of exposing the network status information to the UE 402 and the QFI for the associated QoS flow to the UPF 405.
[0159] At 440, the UPF 405 transmits, via a coordination layer to the UE 405, the network status information of the QoS flow. Messages for the network status information report may be defined for the coordination layer, e.g., network status information message. That is, the UPF 405 sends network status information messages to the UE 402 via the coordination layer, which includes the QFI and network status information. Alternatively, the UPF 405 may include the QFI and the network status information (e.g., congestion, available bitrate, maximum bitrate, E2E transmission delay, packet loss rate, E2E transmission jitter etc. ) in the header of the coordination layer to the UE 402.
[0160] Alternatively, if the UPF 405 already provides the port number at UPF 405 side for associated QoS flow to the SMF 404 at 620 of process 600 and the SMF 404 provides port number for associated QoS flow to the UE 402 at 630 of process 600. In this case, the UPF 405 includes network status information in the IP packet and set the source port number to the port number allocated to the associated QoS flow. Upon receiving the network status information, the UE 402 obtains the corresponding port number in the IP header. Then the UE 402 determines the associated QoS flow for network status information based on the port number, and the mapping of QFI and port number provided by the SMF 404.
[0161] At 445, the UE 402 may provide the network status information to the App layer 401 associated with the QoS flow. In other words, the UE 402 may forward the received network status information to the App layer 401 associated with the QoS flow. It is assumed that the UE 402 preserves the mapping of the packet filter (or QoS rule identifier) , the QFI and the associated application layer / client during the PDU session establishment procedure.
[0162] The UE 402 is then able to identify the associated application based on the QFI provided by the UPF 405. Upon receiving the network status information for the associated QoS flow from the NAS layer of the UE 402, the App layer 401 of the UE 402 adjusts accordingly based on implementation. For example, the specific application of the UE 402 reduces the codec rate or hold on to reduce data generation if the congestion happened for the associated QoS flow or for the PDU session. It may use high codec rate to generate more data in given time if available bitrate is higher than before.
[0163] FIG. 5 illustrates an example process 500 that supports the UE-NW coordination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 500 may involve the App layer 501, the UE 502, the RAN node 503, the SMF 504 and the UPF 505. The process 500 may be considered as an example implementation of the process 200. For the purpose of discussion, the process 500 will be described with reference to FIG. 2. The UE 502 may be an example of the UE 201 in FIG. 2. The SMF 504 may be an example of the second network function 203 in FIG. 2. The UPF 505 may be an example of the first network function 202 in FIG. 2.
[0164] In the process 500, at 510, the UE 502 triggers a PDU Session establishment / modification with UE-NW coordination configuration. Such embodiments will be described with reference to FIG. 6 in detail later.
[0165] At 515, the UE 502 transmit, via the coordination layer to the UPF 505, a request of the network status information for the QoS flow. Besides, the UE 502 may also provide direction (e.g., UL, DL or both) to the UPF 505. Similar as action 415 in process 400, the UE 502 sends request of the network status information, which includes the QFI (or packet filter or QoS rule identifier) .
[0166] Alternatively, the UE 502 may send the request of the network status information by setting the destination port number to the port number at the UPF 505 side associated with the QoS flow. In this way, the UPF 505 is able to determine the QFI that requires network status information based on the destination port number.
[0167] If the UE 502 sends the request of the network status information for the default QoS flow via the coordination layer, the UE 502 requests the congestion / available bitrate / maximum bitrate for the PDU session instead of the specific QoS flow. In this way, the QFI may not be included in the following actions.
[0168] Alternatively, the UPF 505 may determine to provide network status information to the UE 502 based on its implementation. Before 515, the UPF 505 may inform the UE 502 that it supports network status information report via the coordination layer. There’ re two examples for the UPF 505 to obtain the network status information.
[0169] In the first example, at 520, the UPF 505 sends the request of the network status information for the QoS flow to the SMF 504.
[0170] In some embodiments, the UPF 505 may transmit, to the SMF 504, at least one of an ID of a PDU session, an indication of the network status information required, a required type of the network status information, or a QFI (or packet filter or PDR rule identifier) .
[0171] In an example, the UPF 505 sends the ID of the PDU session, and congestion / available bitrate / maximum bitrate report required to the SMF 504. Additionally, the UPF 505 may further sends the QFI. In a further example, the UPF 505 may trigger a N4 session modification request to the SMF 504, which includes the above parameters.
[0172] At 525, the SMF 504 transmits, to the RAN node 503, at least one of an ID of a PDU session, an indication of the network status information required, a required type of the network status information, and a QFI. In other words, the SMF 504 configures the RAN node 503 to report the network status information.
[0173] The action 525 is similar to the action 420 in FIG. 4, and action 530 is similar to the action 430 in FIG. 4. Thus, details of the actions 525 and 530 are omitted for brevity.
[0174] In the second example, the UPF 505 subscribes the RAN node 503 to report the network status information. It is assumed that both the UPF 505 and the RAN node 503 support Service Based Interface (SBI) interface.
[0175] At 535, the UPF 505 transmits, to the RAN node 503, at least one of an ID of the UE 502, an ID of a PDU session, an indication of the network status information required, a required type of reporting network status information, or a QFI. In an example, the UPF 505 may send the ID of the UE 502, the ID of the PDU session, a congestion / available bitrate / maximum bitrate report required to the RAN node 503. Additionally, the UPF 505 may further send the QFI.
[0176] It is assumed that the RAN node 503 supports the SBI interface. The RAN node 503 may registered to the network repository function (NRF) with its basic information, e.g., supports for network status information exposure. Besides, the RAN node 503 may also register itself as the serving the RAN node 503 for the UE 502 in UDM / unified data repository (UDR) .
[0177] It is also assumed that there’s a common the ID of the UE used between the RAN node 503 and the UPF 505 to identify the same the UE, e.g., the SUPI, the 5G / 6G shortened temporary mobile subscriber identity (S-TMSI) , the globally unique temporary identity (GUTI) , the generic public subscription identifier (GPSI) etc. The UPF 505 may ask the UDM / UDR to provide the RAN node 503 information (e.g., the ID of the RAN node 503 and / or the IP address etc. ) of the UE 502 by providing the ID of the UE. In this way, the UPF 505 may subscribe the network status information report to the RAN node 503 by providing the ID of the UE, the ID of the PDU session, and the required type of network status information. Additionally, the UPF 505 may further provide the QFI.
[0178] Optionally, the UPF 505 may also provide a correlation ID, which is associated with the ID of the UE, the ID of the PDU session and the QFI. In addition, the UPF 505 may also provide the periodicity (for periodic reporting) , or the threshold for the required network status information (for event triggered reporting) .
[0179] At 540, the UPF 505 receives, from the RAN node 503, at least one of the ID of the UE, the ID of a PDU session, the network status information with the required type, or the QFI.
[0180] In an example, the RAN node 503 may send, to the UPF 505, an ID of the UE, an ID of a PDU session, and the congestion / available bitrate / maximum bitrate report indication. Additionally, the RAN node 503 may further send a QFI.
[0181] Alternatively, the RAN node 503 may send the correlation ID and the congestion / available bitrate / maximum bitrate report to the UPF 505. That is, the RAN node 503 exposes the required network status information to the UPF 505 as requested.
[0182] The action 545 is similar to the action 440 in FIG. 4, and action 550 is similar to the action 445 in FIG. 4. Thus, details of the actions 545 and 550 are omitted for brevity.
[0183] FIG. 6 illustrates an example process 600 that supports the UE-NW coordination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 600 may involve the UE 601, the RAN node 602, the SMF 603, the UDM 604 and the UPF 605. The process 600 may be considered as an example implementation of the process 200. For the purpose of discussion, the process 600 will be described with reference to FIG. 2. The UE 601 may be an example of the UE 201 in FIG. 2. The SMF 603 may be an example of the second network function 203 in FIG. 2. The UPF 605 may be an example of the first network function 202 in FIG. 2.
[0184] In the process 600, at 610, the UE 601 transmits, to the SMF 603, capability information of the UE 601 indicating that the UE is capable of performing the UE-NW coordination) . Then the SMF 603 receives capability information of the UE 601 indicating that the UE is capable of performing the UE-NW coordination.
[0185] In some embodiments, the UE 601 may transmit the capability information by transmitting the capability information in a PDU session establishment request or a PDU session modification request. The PDU session establishment request or a PDU session modification request includes capability information of the UE indicating that the UE is capable of performing the UE-NW coordination.
[0186] The capability information of the UE 601 indicating that the UE is capable of performing the UE-NW coordination may include at least one of UE-NW coordination capable indication, the 6G UE indication, the QoS negotiation capable indication, the network information exposure required indication, the required type of network status information (e.g., congestion, available bitrate, QoS monitoring results) . If the 6G UE indication is included, it implies that the 6G UE supports the UE-NW coordination. The UE 601 may also include a list of packet filters (e.g., destination IP 3 tuple) or fully qualified domain name (FQDN) or other type of application descriptors for the UE-NW coordination.
[0187] At 615, the SMF 603 obtains, from the UDM 604, subscription data of the UE 601 comprising information of the UE-NW coordination. For example, the session management subscription data includes the UE-NW coordination information, which indicates whether the UE-NW coordination is allowed. There’ re two options.
[0188] In the first option, upon receiving capability information of the UE 601 indicating that the UE is capable of performing the UE-NW coordination from the UE 601 , the SMF 603 checks whether the UE-NW coordination is allowed.
[0189] In the second option, the SMF 603 checks whether the UE-NW coordination is allowed or not upon receiving the subscription data.
[0190] At 620, the SMF 603 transmits, to the UPF 605, one of an indication of UE-NW coordination, or the indication of the UE-NW coordination and an ID of the QoS flow (or PDR rule identifier) . In an example, the SMF 603 may send a N4 Session establishment / modification request to the UPF 605, which includes the indication of the UE-NW coordination.
[0191] Correspondingly, the UPF 605 receives, from the SMF 603, one of an indication of UE-NW coordination, or the indication of the UE-NW coordination and an ID of the QoS flow.
[0192] Optionally, the SMF 603 may also provide a list of associated QoS flow (e.g., QFIs) for which the UE-NW coordination to be performed. If no list of associated QoS flow is provided, the UE-NW coordination is for the whole PDU session. If a list of associated QoS flow is provided, the UE-NW coordination will be applied for the associated QoS flows.
[0193] For example, the SMF 603 may provide the mapping of UE-NW coordination indication and a list of QFIs for the associated QoS flows. Alternatively, the SMF 603 may provide UE-NW coordination indication for each associated QoS flow, i.e., provides the mapping of QFI and UE-NW coordination indication for the associated QoS flow.
[0194] The SMF 603 may determine the associated QoS flows based on the input of the UE 601 (e.g., packet filter, QoS rule identifier, FQDN, or other types of application descriptors) . Besides, the SMF 603 may receive, from the PCF, a PCC rule comprising a request of the UE-NW coordination. That is, the SMF 603 determines the associated QoS flows based on the PCC rule which includes the request of the UE-NW coordination. Similarly, the request of the UE-NW coordination may be in the same format as UE-NW coordination capability information described at 610.
[0195] It is to be noted that in 6G, the UPF 605 may also support the SBI interface towards the SBA architecture, then the message name may be different from the N4 session establishment / modification.
[0196] At 625, the UPF 605 transmits, to the SMF 603, addressing information at the UPF 605 side for the UE-NW coordination. Then the SMF 603 receives, from the the UPF 605, addressing information at the UPF 605 side for the UE-NW coordination
[0197] In some embodiments, the addressing information at the UPF 605 side comprises an Internet protocol (IP) address for the UE-NW coordination, a port number for the QoS flow for the UE-NW coordination, or a combination of above two items.
[0198] In an example, the UPF 605 may send a N4 session establishment / modification response to the SMF 603, which includes the IP address for UE-NW coordination in the UPF 605 and, optionally, the port number for the associated QoS flow.
[0199] If the UPF 605 receives from the SMF 603 a list of associated QoS flows over which UE-NW coordination may be performed, the UPF 605 allocates different UDP ports per QoS flow. If UDP ports are allocated per QoS flow, the UPF 605 sends the IP address information for UE-NW coordination and UDP ports with the related QFI to the SMF 603.
[0200] For example, the UPF 605 may provide the IP address for the UE-NW coordination in the UPF 605, the mapping of QFI and port number (e.g., QFI#1 and port number#1, QFI#2 and port number#2, QFI#3 and port number#3 etc. ) . Otherwise, the UPF 605 sends the IP address information for UE-NW coordination to the SMF 603. A unified port number for all QoS flows may also be provided.
[0201] At 630, the SMF 603 transmits the addressing information to the UE 601. Correspondingly, the UE 601 receive, from the SMF 603, addressing information at the first network function side for the UE-NW coordination.
[0202] In some embodiments, the UE 601 may receive the addressing information by receiving the addressing information in a PDU session establishment acknowledgement or a PDU session modification acknowledgement.
[0203] In an example, the SMF 603 may send a PDU session establishment / modification acknowledgement to the UE 601, which includes addressing information for the UE-NW coordination. The addressing information for the UE-NW coordination includes IP address for UE-NW coordination in the UPF 605 and, optionally, the port number for the associated QoS flow. In a further example, the SMF 603 may sends the IP address for UE-NW coordination in the UPF 605, the QFI and the associated port number to the UE 601. In this case, the UE 601 preserves the mapping of the QFI and the port number.
[0204] FIG. 7 illustrates an example process 700 that supports the UE-NW coordination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 700 may involve the App layer 701, the UE 702, the RAN node 703, the SMF 704 and the UPF 705. The process 700 may be considered as an example implementation of the process 200. For the purpose of discussion, the process 700 will be described with reference to FIG. 2. The UE 702 may be an example of the UE 201 in FIG. 2. The SMF 704 may be an example of the second network function 203 in FIG. 2. The UPF 705 may be an example of the first network function 202 in FIG. 2.
[0205] In the process 700, at 710, the UE 702 triggers a PDU Session establishment / modification with UE-NW coordination configuration.
[0206] At 715, the SMF 704 receives, from the RAN node 703, traffic pattern information of the QoS flow required by the RAN node 703.
[0207] In some embodiments, the traffic pattern information may comprise time to next burst (TTNB) , a FEC ratio, a size of a burst, a periodicity of a burst, or any combination of two or more of above-mentioned items.
[0208] For example, the RAN node 703 may send the ID of the PDU session, QFI and traffic pattern required information (i.e., the traffic pattern information of the QoS flow required by the RAN node 703) to the SMF 704. Besides, the RAN node 703 may also provide direction (e.g., UL, DL or both) to the SMF 704. The traffic pattern required information can be traffic pattern required indication, or the required type of traffic pattern (e.g., TTNB, Burst size, periodicity of the burst, FEC ratio etc. ) . The required type of traffic pattern can also be burst information, FEC information etc.
[0209] For example, the RAN node 703 may send UE ID #2 (e.g., AMF NGAP UE ID, or RAN NGAP UE ID) , the ID of the PDU session and N2 SM information to the AMF, where the N2 SM information includes QFI and traffic pattern required information to the SMF 704. The AMF may translate UE ID #2 into UE ID#1 (e.g., SUPI) . The AMF then sends UE ID#1, the ID of the PDU session and N2 SM information to the SMF 704. In this way, the SMF 704 is able to know for which QoS flow of which PDU session of which UE does the RAN node 703 request traffic pattern.
[0210] Alternatively, the RAN node 703 may send the ID of the UE and / or the ID of the PDU session and traffic pattern required information. That is, the whole PDU session, or all PDU sessions of the UE needs traffic pattern information.
[0211] If action 715 does not exist, it is assumed that the RAN node 703 does not send traffic pattern required information, it is the SMF 704 which decides to trigger the traffic pattern information report to the RAN node 703.
[0212] At 720, the UE 702 may transmit, to the SMF 704, the ID of the PDU session, an indication that supports reporting the traffic pattern report, a type of traffic pattern supported by the UE, a packet filter, a QoS rule identifier, a QFI, or any combination of two or more of above-mentioned items.
[0213] On the other side of the communication, the SMF 704 may receive, from the UE 702, the ID of the PDU session, an indication that supports reporting the traffic pattern report, a type of traffic pattern supported by the UE, a packet filter, a QoS rule identifier, a QFI, or any combination of two or more of above-mentioned items.
[0214] In an example, the UE 702 may send the packet filter (or QFI or QoS rule identifier) , support traffic pattern report to the SMF 704. The support traffic pattern report may include an indication of supporting traffic pattern report, or the type of the supported traffic pattern (e.g., TTNB, burst size, periodicity of the burst, FEC ratio etc. ) .
[0215] In a further example, the UE 702 may trigger a PDU session modification request procedure to the SMF 704, which includes the QFI (or packet filter or QoS rule identifier) and support traffic pattern report. It is assumed that the App layer 701 of the UE 702 may inform the NAS layer of the UE 702 that it is able to provide the traffic pattern, and / or the type of supported traffic pattern. It is assumed that the UE 702 preserves the mapping of packet filter (or QoS rule identifier) , the QFI and the associated application layer / client during the PDU session establishment procedure. Therefore, the UE 702 is able to determine the packet filter (or QoS rule identifier) or QFI based on the App layer 701 and the mapping.
[0216] If action 720 does not exist, it is assumed that as long as the UE-NW coordination layer is established, the UE 702 supports the traffic pattern information report accordingly.
[0217] In short, the SMF 704 may determine to provide traffic pattern information to the RAN node 703 for the QoS flow of the UE 702 based on the following conditions, upon receiving the RAN node 703’s request in action 715; upon receiving notification of the UE 702 that it supports traffic pattern information report in action 720; upon receiving both the request of the RAN node 703 in action 715 and the notification of the UE 702 in action 720; upon receiving the PCC rule from the PCF, which includes traffic pattern from the UE 702 required information. Traffic pattern from the UE 702 required information includes at least one of traffic pattern from UE required indication, and the type of required traffic pattern.
[0218] The conditions further comprises upon receiving both PCC rule from the PCF and the notification of the UE 702 in action 720.
[0219] At 725, the SMF 704 transmits, to the UE 702, a configuration of reporting the traffic pattern of the QoS flow to a first network function. Correspondingly, the UE 702 receives, from the SMF 704, the configuration of reporting a traffic pattern for the QoS flow.
[0220] In some embodiments, the configuration of reporting the traffic pattern may comprise an indication of reporting the traffic pattern, a type of the traffic pattern, a threshold of reporting the traffic pattern, an ID of the QoS flow, or any combination of two or more of above-mentioned items.
[0221] In an example, the SMF 704 may send the configuration of reporting a traffic pattern for the associated QoS flow (s) to the UE 702. The configuration of reporting a traffic pattern may include at least one of an indication of reporting the traffic pattern, the type of traffic pattern, reporting periodicity, reporting threshold, a list of associated QoS flows (e.g., QFI) etc.
[0222] The reporting threshold may be the threshold of the TTNB, the threshold of the burst size, the threshold of FEC ratio etc. If the configuration of reporting the traffic pattern includes the list of associated QFI, then the SMF 704 only sends the ID of the PDU session and the configuration of reporting a traffic pattern to the UE 702. For example, the SMF 704 triggers the PDU session modification request to the UE 702, which includes the ID of the PDU session and the configuration of reporting the traffic pattern.
[0223] Alternatively, if the configuration of reporting the traffic pattern does not include the list of associated QFI, then the SMF 704 sends the ID of the PDU session, the mapping of the QFI and the configuration of reporting the traffic pattern to the UE 702. In this case, there’s 1 to 1 mapping between the configuration of reporting the traffic pattern and the QFI.
[0224] At 730, the NAS layer of the UE 702 sends a request for reporting a traffic pattern to App layer 701 of the associated QoS flow. For example, after receiving the configuration of reporting the traffic pattern, the NAS layer of the UE 702 will inform the App layer 701 of the associated QoS flow. The UE 702 is able to determine the App layer 701 based on QFI and the mapping mentioned at 720. The request for reporting a traffic pattern may be the same as configuration of reporting a traffic pattern at 725.
[0225] At 735, the SMF 704 transmits, to the UPF 705, information of reporting the traffic pattern of the QoS flow to the RAN node 703. Then the UPF 705 receives, from the SMF 704, information of reporting the traffic pattern of the QoS flow to the RAN node 703.
[0226] In some embodiments, the information of reporting the traffic pattern to the RAN node 703 may comprise an indication of reporting the traffic pattern to the RAN node 703, a type of the traffic pattern to be reported to the RAN node 703, an ID of the QoS flow, or any combination of two or more of above-mentioned items.
[0227] In an example, the SMF 704 may send the ID of the PDU session, and information of reporting traffic pattern to the RAN node 703 to the UPF 705. The information of reporting the traffic pattern to the RAN node 703 includes at least one of the indication of reporting traffic pattern to the RAN node 703, the type of traffic pattern reporting to the RAN node 703, a list of associated QoS flow (e.g., QFI) , etc. Alternatively, the SMF 704 may send the ID of the PDU session, the mapping of the QFI and the information of reporting traffic pattern to the RAN node 703 to the UPF 705.
[0228] At 740, the App layer 701 of the UE 702 sends traffic pattern information to the NAS layer of the UE 702. Upon receiving the traffic pattern information, the NAS layer of the UE 702 determines the associated QoS flow for the traffic pattern information based on the App layer 701.
[0229] At 745, the UE 702 transmits, via the coordination layer to the UPF 705, traffic pattern information of the QoS flow. Correspondingly, the UPF 705 receives, via the coordination layer from the UE702, the traffic pattern information of the QoS flow.
[0230] Messages for traffic pattern information report may be defined for the coordination layer, e.g., traffic pattern information message. That is, the UE 702 sends traffic pattern information messages to the UPF 705 via the coordination layer, which includes the QFI and the traffic pattern information. Alternatively, the UE 702 may include the QFI and the traffic pattern information in the header of the coordination layer to the UPF 705.
[0231] Alternatively, if the UPF 705 already provides the port number for associated QoS flow to the SMF 704 in action 625 of process 600 and the SMF 704 provides port number for associated QoS flow to the UE in action 630 of process 600. In this case, the UE 702 includes the traffic pattern information in the IP packet and set the destination port number to the port number allocated to the associated QoS flow. Upon receiving the traffic pattern information, the UPF 705 obtains the corresponding port number in the IP header. Then the UPF 705 determines the QoS flow for the traffic pattern information based on the port number, and the mapping of QFI and the port number.
[0232] At 750, the UPF 705 transmits, to the RAN node 703, the traffic pattern information of the QoS flow. In an example, the UPF 705 may provide the traffic pattern information in the GTP-U header of the associated QoS flow to the RAN node 703 node 703. Similar as explained in processes 400 and 500, SRv6 or other type of protocol may replace GTP-U in 6G. In this case, the UPF 705 provides the information in the SRv6 header of the QoS flow.
[0233] In a further example, the UPF 705 may include both the QFI and the traffic pattern information in the GTP-U header of the QoS flow. In this way, the RAN node 703 is able to obtain the traffic pattern information for the associated QoS flow based on the QFI. The RAN node 703 then performs radio resource management based on the traffic pattern information. Alternatively, if the RAN node 703 and the UPF 705 support the SBI interface, the UPF 705 sends the ID of the UE 502, the ID of the PDU session, and traffic pattern information for the associated QoS flow via the SBI interface.
[0234] FIG. 8 illustrates an example process 800 that supports the UE-NW coordination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 800 may involve the App layer 801, the UE 802, the RAN node 803, the SMF 804 and the UPF 805. The process 800 may be considered as an example implementation of the process 200. For the purpose of discussion, the process 800 will be described with reference to FIG. 2. The UE 802 may be an example of the UE 201 in FIG. 2. The SMF 804 may be an example of the second network function 203 in FIG. 2. The UPF 805 may be an example of the first network function 202 in FIG. 2.
[0235] In the process 800, at 810, the UE 802 triggers a PDU session establishment / modification with the UE-NW coordination configuration.
[0236] The RAN node 803 may request for traffic pattern information via the UPF 805 to the UE 802. There’ re two options for the RAN node 803 to request for traffic pattern information.
[0237] In the first option, the RAN node 803 requests for traffic pattern information directly to the UPF 805. It is assumed that the RAN node 803 and the UPF 805 support the SBI interface.
[0238] At 815, the UPF 805 receives, from the RAN node 803, at least one of an ID of the UE 702, an ID of a PDU session, a request of the traffic pattern information, and a QFI. Similar assumptions in action 535 of process 500 are considered here.
[0239] It is assumed that the RAN node 803 supports the SBI interface. It is also assumed that there’s a common a UE ID used between the RAN node 803 and the UPF 805 to identify the same UE. It is assumed that the UPF 805 registered itself as the UPF 805 of the PDU session to UDM / UDR by providing the ID of the UE and the ID of the PDU session. The RAN node 803 is able to find the UPF 805 by providing the ID of the UE and the ID of the PDU session to the UDM / UDR. Alternatively, the SMF may provide the UPF information (e.g., the UPF ID, the UPF IP address etc. ) to the RAN node 803 for specific UE and PDU session.
[0240] In the second option, the RAN node 803 requests for traffic pattern information via the SMF 804. The actions 820 and 825 are the same as actions 715 and 735 in process 700 respectively. Thus, details of the actions 820 and 825 are omitted for brevity.
[0241] At 830, the UPF 805 transmits, via the coordination layer to the UE 802, a request of the traffic pattern information of the QoS flow. Correspondingly, the UE 802 receives, via the coordination layer from the UPF 805, a request for reporting a traffic pattern of the QoS flow. For example, the UPF 805 may send the request for reporting a traffic pattern, which includes the QFI. Alternatively, the UPF 805 may sends the request for reporting a traffic pattern by setting the destination port number to the port number at the UPF 805 side associated with the QoS flow. In this way, the UE 802 is able to determine the QFI that requires traffic pattern information based on the destination port number.
[0242] If the UPF 805 sends the request for reporting the traffic pattern for the default QoS flow via the coordination layer, the UPF 805 requests traffic pattern information for the PDU session instead of specific QoS flow. In this way, the QFI may not be included in the following actions.
[0243] Actions 835, 840, 845 and 855 are the same as actions 730 , 740 , 745 and 750 in the process 700 respectively. Thus, details of the actions 835, 840, 845 and 855 are omitted for brevity.
[0244] If the UPF 805 supports traffic pattern information exposure via the SBI interface. Then action 850 happens.
[0245] At 850, the UPF 805 transmits, to the RAN node 803, at least one of an ID of the UE 802, an ID of a PDU session, the traffic pattern information, and the QFI. If the RAN node 803 provides correlation ID associated with the ID of the UE, the ID of the PDU session and, optionally, the QFI, then the UPF 805 provides correlation ID and traffic pattern information to the RAN node 803 at 850.
[0246] In general, the example embodiments of the present disclosure describe the processes of establishing the UE-NW coordination layer, exposing network information to the UE, and the UE providing traffic pattern information.
[0247] The process 600 describes the process of establishing the UE-NW coordination layer. In the process of establishing the UE-NW coordination layer, the SMF triggers the PSA UPF to support the UE-NW coordination based on at least one of the following conditions. The conditions may include the UE providing the UE-NW coordination capability upon the PDU session establishment / modification procedure; the UE’s subscription data including the UE-NW coordination information; the PCC rule includes the UE-NW coordination request. The SMF may also provide a list of associated QoS flow (e.g., QFIs) for which the UE-NW coordination to be performed.
[0248] The PSA UPF provides the IP address for the UE-NW coordination in the UPF and, optionally, the port number for associated QoS flow to the SMF. The SMF sends the PDU session establishment / modification acknowledgement to the UE, which includes the addressing information for the UE-NW coordination. The addressing information for the UE-NW coordination includes the IP address for the UE-NW coordination in the UPF and, optionally, the port number for the associated QoS flow.
[0249] The processes 400 and 500 describe the process of exposing network information to the UE. In the process of exposing network information to the UE, the UE sends the request of network status information for the associated QoS flow (s) to the SMF. Upon receiving the request of network status information (e.g., the indication or required type of the network status information) from the UE, the SMF sends an ID of a PDU session, the QFI and the congestion / available bitrate / maximum bitrate report indication to the serving RAN node of the UE. Besides, the SMF sends an ID of a PDU session, the QFI, the request of network status information exposure to the UE (e.g., congestion, available bitrate) to the PSA UPF.
[0250] Alternatively, the SMF sends the QFI, the request of network status information exposure to the UE (e.g., QoS monitoring) to the PSA UPF without configuring the RAN node. The PSA UPF sends the network status information in the coordination layer of the associated QoS flow. The UE may forward the received network status information to the application layer / client associated with the QoS flow.
[0251] The UE sends the request of network status information for the associated QoS flow (s) via the coordination layer to the PSA UPF. The PSA UPF sends an ID of a PDU session, the congestion / available bitrate / maximum bitrate report required and, optionally, the QFI to the SMF. The PSA UPF sends an ID of the UE, an ID of a PDU session, the congestion / available bitrate / maximum bitrate report required and, optionally, the QFI to the RAN node. The RAN node sends an ID of the UE, an ID of a PDU session, the congestion / available bitrate / maximum bitrate report and, optionally, the QFI to the PSA UPF.
[0252] The processes 700 and 800 describe the process of the UE providing traffic pattern information. In the process of the UE providing traffic pattern information, the SMF sends the configuration of reporting the traffic pattern report for the associated QoS flow (s) to the UE. The SMF triggers the PSA UPF to report the traffic pattern information provided by the UE for the associated QoS flow (s) to the RAN node. The UE sends traffic pattern information (e.g., UL / DL FEC ratio, TTNB, burst size, periodicity etc. ) via the coordination layer of the associated QoS flow to the PSA UPF. The PSA UPF provides traffic pattern information in the GTP-U header of the associated QoS flow to the RAN node.
[0253] The RAN node sends an ID of a PDU session, and traffic pattern required information and, optionally, the QFI to the SMF. Besides, the RAN node may also provide direction (e.g., UL, DL or both) to the SMF. The UE sends an ID of a PDU session, the packet filter or the QFI, the support traffic pattern report to the SMF.
[0254] The RAN node sends an ID of the UE, an ID of a PDU session, and traffic pattern information required to PSA UPF. PSA UPF sends traffic pattern request for the associated QoS flow via the coordination layer to the UE. PSA UPF sends an ID of the UE, an ID of a PDU session, traffic pattern information and, optionally, the QFI to the RAN node.
[0255] It is to be noted that the processes 200, 400, 500, 600, 700 and 800 may be implemented in combination or individually. For example, the process 700 or 800 may be used individually.
[0256] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a device 900 that supports the UE-NW coordination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 900 may be an example of a UE 104 or a core network 106 as described herein. The device 900 may support wireless communication with one or more network entities 102, UEs 104, or any combination thereof. The device 900 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 902, a memory 904, a transceiver 906, and, optionally, an I / O controller 908. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0257] The processor 902, the memory 904, the transceiver 906, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 902, the memory 904, the transceiver 906, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0258] In some implementations, the processor 902, the memory 904, the transceiver 906, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 902 and the memory 904 coupled with the processor 902 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 902, instructions stored in the memory 904) .
[0259] For example, the processor 902 may support wireless communication at the device 900 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 902 may be configured to operable to support a means for receiving, via a coordination layer from a first network function, network status information of a QoS flow; and means for providing the network status information to an application layer associated with the QoS flow. The processor 902 may be configured to operable to support other means for other implementations of method 1100.
[0260] The processor 902 may also be configured to operable to support a means for receiving, a request of exposing the network status information of a QoS flow to a UE and means for transmitting, via a coordination layer to the UE, the network status information of the QoS flow. The processor 902 may be configured to operable to support other means for other implementations of method 1200.
[0261] The processor 902 may also be configured to operable to support a means for receiving a request of network status information of a QoS flow of a UE; and means for transmitting, to a network device, at least one of an ID of a PDU session, an indication of the network status information required, a required type of the network status information, and a QFI. The processor 902 may be configured to operable to support other means for other implementations of method 1300.
[0262] The processor 902 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 902 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 902. The processor 902 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 904) to cause the device 900 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0263] The memory 904 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 904 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 902 cause the device 900 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 902 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 904 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0264] The I / O controller 908 may manage input and output signals for the device 900. The I / O controller 908 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device M02. In some implementations, the I / O controller 908 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 908 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 908 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 906. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 900 via the I / O controller 908 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 908.
[0265] In some implementations, the device 900 may include a single antenna 910. However, in some other implementations, the device 900 may have more than one antenna 910 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 906 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 910, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 906 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 906 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 910 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 910. The transceiver 906 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0266] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 910 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0267] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 910 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0268] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a processor 1000 that supports the UE-NW coordination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 1000 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 1000 may include a controller 1002 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 1000 may optionally include at least one memory 1004. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 1000 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 1000. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0269] The processor 1000 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1000) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0270] The controller 1002 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 1000 to cause the processor 1000 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 1002 may operate as a control unit of the processor 1000, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 1000. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0271] The controller 1002 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 1004 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 1000 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 1002 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 1004. The controller 1002 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 1002 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 1000 to cause the processor 1000 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 1002 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 1000. The controller 1002 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 1000.
[0272] The memory 1004 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 1000 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementation, the memory 1004 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 1000) . In some other implementations, the memory 1004 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 1000) .
[0273] The memory 1004 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1000, cause the processor 1000 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 1002 and / or the processor 1000 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 1004 to cause the processor 1000 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting transmit power prioritization ) . For example, the processor 1000 and / or the controller 1002 may be coupled with or to the memory 1004, the processor 1000, the controller 1002, and the memory 1004 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 1000 may include multiple processors and the memory 1004 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0274] The one or more ALUs 1000 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementation, the one or more ALUs 1000 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1000) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 1000 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1000) . One or more ALUs 1000 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 1000 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 1000 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 1000 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 1000 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0275] The processor 1000 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 1002 may be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving, via a coordination layer from a first network function, network status information of a QoS flow; and means for providing the network status information to an application layer associated with the QoS flow. The processor 1000 may be configured to or operable to support other means for other implementations of method 1100.
[0276] The processor 1002 may also be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving, a request of exposing the network status information of a QoS flow to a UE and means for transmitting, via a coordination layer to the UE, the network status information of the QoS flow. The processor 1000 may be configured to or operable to support other means for other implementations of method 1200.
[0277] The processor 1002 may also be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving a request of network status information of a QoS flow of a UE; and means for transmitting, to a network device, at least one of an ID of a PDU session, an indication of the network status information required, a required type of the network status information, and a QFI. The processor 1000 may be configured to or operable to support other means for other implementations of method 1300.
[0278] FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1100 that supports the UE-NW coordination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1100 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1100 may be performed by a UE 104 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0279] At 1105, the method may include receiving, via a coordination layer from a first network function, network status information of a QoS flow. The operations of 1105 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1105 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0280] At 1110, the method may include providing the network status information to an application layer associated with the QoS flow. The operations of 1110 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1110 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0281] In some embodiments, the network status information may comprise at least one of the following: congestion information; an available bitrate; a maximum bitrate; E2E transmission delay; a packet loss rate; or E2E transmission jitter.
[0282] In some embodiments, the method may further include transmitting, to a second network function, a request of the network status information for the QoS flow.
[0283] In some embodiments, the method may further include transmitting, via the coordination layer to the first network function, a request of exposing the network status information to the UE.
[0284] In some embodiments, the method may further include transmitting, to a second network function, capability information of the UE indicating that the UE is capable of performing UE-NW coordination; and receiving, from the second network function, addressing information at the first network function side for the UE-NW coordination.
[0285] In some embodiments, the method may further include transmitting the capability information by: transmitting the capability information in a PDU session establishment request or a PDU session modification request.
[0286] In some embodiments, the method may further include receiving the addressing information by: receiving the addressing information in a PDU session establishment acknowledgement or a PDU session modification acknowledgement.
[0287] In some embodiments, the addressing information at the first network function side may comprise at least one of the following: an Internet protocol (IP) address for the UE-NW coordination; or a port number for the QoS flow for the UE-NW coordination.
[0288] In some embodiments, the method may further include receiving, from a second network function, a configuration of reporting a traffic pattern for the QoS flow; and transmitting, via the coordination layer to the first network function, traffic pattern information of the QoS flow.
[0289] In some embodiments, the configuration of reporting the traffic pattern may comprise at least one of the following: an indication of reporting the traffic pattern; a type of the traffic pattern; a threshold of reporting the traffic pattern; or an ID of the QoS flow.
[0290] In some embodiments, the traffic pattern information may comprise at least one of the following: TTNB; a FEC ratio; a size of a burst; or a periodicity of a burst.
[0291] In some embodiments, the method may further include transmitting, to the second network function, at least one of the following: an ID of a PDU session, an indication that supports reporting the traffic pattern; a type of traffic pattern supported by the UE; a packet filter; a QoS rule identifier; or a QFI.
[0292] In some embodiments, the method may further include receiving, via the coordination layer from the first network function, a request for reporting a traffic pattern of the QoS flow; and transmitting, to the first network function via the coordination layer, traffic pattern information of the QoS flow.
[0293] FIG. 12 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1200 that supports the UE-NW coordination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1200 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1200 may be performed by a core network 106 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0294] At 1205, the method may include receiving, a request of exposing the network status information of a QoS flow to a UE. The operations of 1205 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1205 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0295] At 1210, the method may include transmitting, via a coordination layer to the UE, the network status information of the QoS flow. The operations of 1210 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1210 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0296] In some embodiments, the method may include receiving the request of exposing the network status information by one of the following: receiving, from a second network function, a request of exposing the network status information to the UE; or receiving, via the coordination layer from the UE, a request of exposing the network status information to the UE.
[0297] In some embodiments, the method may further include receiving the network status information of the QoS flow from a network device, where the UE is served by the network device.
[0298] In some embodiments, the network status information may comprise at least one of congestion information, an available bitrate, a maximum bitrate, E2E transmission delay, a packet loss rate, or E2E transmission jitter, and the request of exposing the network status information to the UE may comprise at least one of an indication of exposing the network status information to the UE, or a required type of network status information.
[0299] In some embodiments, the method may further include transmitting, to a second network function, at least one of an ID of a PDU session, an indication of the network status information required, a required type of the network status information, or a QFI.
[0300] In some embodiments, the method may further include transmitting, to a network device, at least one of an ID of the UE, an ID of a PDU session, an indication of the network status information required, a required type of reporting network status information, or a QFI; and receiving, from the network device, at least one of the ID of the UE, the ID of a PDU session, the network status information with the required type, or the QFI.
[0301] In some embodiments, the method may further include receiving, from a second network function, one of an indication of UE-NW coordination, or the indication of the UE-NW coordination and an ID of the QoS flow; and transmitting, to the second network function, addressing information at the first network function side for the UE-NW coordination.
[0302] In some embodiments, the method may further include receiving, via the coordination layer from the UE, traffic pattern information of the QoS flow; and transmitting, to a network device, the traffic pattern information of the QoS flow.
[0303] In some embodiments, the method may further include receiving, from the second network function, information of reporting the traffic pattern of the QoS flow to the network device; and transmitting traffic pattern information of the QoS flow to a network device.
[0304] In some embodiments, the information of reporting the traffic pattern to the network device may comprise at least one of the following: an indication of reporting the traffic pattern to the network device; a type of the traffic pattern to be reported to the network device; or an ID of the QoS flow.
[0305] In some embodiments, the traffic pattern information may comprise at least one of the following: TTNB; a FEC ratio; a size of a burst; or a periodicity of a burst.
[0306] In some embodiments, the method may further include receiving, from the network device, at least one of an ID of the UE, an ID of a PDU session, a request of the traffic pattern information, and a QFI; and transmitting, to the network device, at least one of an ID of the UE, an ID of a PDU session, the traffic pattern information, and the QFI.
[0307] In some embodiments, the method may further include transmitting, via the coordination layer to the UE, a request of the traffic pattern information of the QoS flow.
[0308] FIG. 13 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1300 that supports the UE-NW coordination in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1300 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1300 may be performed by a core network 106 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0309] At 1305, the method may include receiving a request of network status information of a QoS flow of a UE. The operations of 1305 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1305 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0310] At 1310, the method may include transmitting, to a network device, at least one of an ID of a PDU session, an indication of the network status information required, a required type of the network status information, and a QFI. The operations of 1310 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1310 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0311] In some embodiments, the method may further include receiving the request of network status information by one of the following: receiving, from a UE, a request of the network status information of the QoS flow; or receiving, from a first network function, a request of the network status information of the QoS flow.
[0312] In some embodiments, the request of the network status information may comprise at least one of an indication of the network status information required, a required type of the network status information, an ID of a PDU session, and a QFI.
[0313] In some embodiments, the method may further include transmitting, to a first network function, a request of exposing the network status information to the UE.
[0314] In some embodiments, the network status information may comprise at least one of a congestion information, an available bitrate, a maximum bitrate, E2E transmission delay, a packet loss rate, or E2E transmission jitter.
[0315] In some embodiments, the method may further include transmitting, to the first network function, one of an indication of UE-NW coordination, or the indication of the UE-NW coordination and an ID of the QoS flow; receiving, from the first network function, addressing information at the first network function side for the UE-NW coordination; and transmitting the addressing information to the UE.
[0316] In some embodiments, the method may further include transmitting the one of an indication of the UE-NW coordination, or the indication of the UE-NW coordination and a list of at least one QoS flow based on one of the following: receiving capability information of the UE indicating that the UE is capable of performing the UE-NW coordination; obtaining, from a third network function, subscription data of the UE comprising information of the UE-NW coordination; or receiving, from a fourth network function, a PCC rule comprising a request of the UE-NW coordination.
[0317] In some embodiments, the addressing information at the first network function side may comprise at least one of the following: an Internet protocol (IP) address for the UE-NW coordination; or a port number for the QoS flow for the UE-NW coordination.
[0318] In some embodiments, the method may further include transmitting, to a first network function, information of reporting the traffic pattern of the QoS flow to the network device.
[0319] In some embodiments, the information of reporting the traffic pattern to the network device may comprise at least one of the following: an indication of reporting the traffic pattern to the network device; a type of the traffic pattern to be reported to the network device; and an identity of the QoS flow.
[0320] In some embodiments, the method may further include transmitting, to the UE, a configuration of reporting the traffic pattern of the QoS flow to a first network function.
[0321] In some embodiments, the configuration of reporting the traffic pattern may comprise at least one of the following: an indication of reporting the traffic pattern; a type of the traffic pattern; a threshold of reporting the traffic pattern; or an identity of the QoS flow.
[0322] In some embodiments, the method may further include receiving, from the network device, traffic pattern information of the QoS flow required by the network device.
[0323] In some embodiments, the traffic pattern information may comprise at least one of the following: TTNB; a FEC ratio; a size of a burst; or a periodicity of a burst.
[0324] In some embodiments, the method may further include receiving, from a UE, at least one of the following: the ID of the PDU session, an indication that supports reporting the traffic pattern report; a type of traffic pattern supported by the UE; a packet filter; a QoS rule identifier; or a QFI.
[0325] It should be noted that the methods described herein describes possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0326] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0327] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0328] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
[0329] As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0330] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A user equipment (UE) , comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the UE to:receive, via a coordination layer from a first network function, network status information of a quality of service (QoS) flow; andprovide the network status information to an application layer associated with the QoS flow.2.The UE of claim 1, wherein the network status information comprises at least one of the following:congestion information;an available bitrate;a maximum bitrate;end to end (E2E) transmission delay;a packet loss rate; orE2E transmission jitter.3.The UE of claim 1, wherein the UE is further configured to:transmit, to a second network function, a request of the network status information for the QoS flow.4.The UE of claim 1, wherein the UE is further configured to:transmit, via the coordination layer to the first network function, a request of exposing the network status information to the UE.5.The UE of claim 1, wherein the UE is further configured to:receive, from a second network function, a configuration of reporting a traffic pattern for the QoS flow; andtransmit, via the coordination layer to the first network function, traffic pattern information of the QoS flow.6.The UE of claim 5, wherein the configuration of reporting the traffic pattern comprises at least one of the following:an indication of reporting the traffic pattern;a type of the traffic pattern;a threshold of reporting the traffic pattern; oran identity (ID) of the QoS flow.7.The UE of claim 5, wherein the traffic pattern information comprises at least one of the following:time to next burst (TTNB) ;a forward error correction (FEC) ratio;a size of a burst; ora periodicity of a burst.8.A first network function, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the first network function to:receive, a request of exposing the network status information of a QoS flow to a UE andtransmit, via a coordination layer to the UE, the network status information of the QoS flow.9.The first network function of claim 8, wherein the first network function is configured to receive the request of exposing the network status information by one of the following:receiving, from a second network function, a request of exposing the network status information to the UE; orreceiving, via the coordination layer from the UE, a request of exposing the network status information to the UE.10.The first network function of claim 8, wherein the first network function is further configured to:receive the network status information of the QoS flow from a network device, where the UE is served by the network device.11.The first network function of claim 8, wherein the network status information comprises at least one of congestion information, an available bitrate, a maximum bitrate, end to end (E2E) transmission delay, a packet loss rate, or E2E transmission jitter, andthe request of exposing the network status information to the UE comprises at least one of an indication of exposing the network status information to the UE, or a required type of network status information.12.The first network function of claim 8, wherein the first network function is further configured to:receive, from the second network function, information of reporting the traffic pattern of the QoS flow to the network device; andtransmit traffic pattern information of the QoS flow to a network device.13.The first network function of claim 12, wherein the information of reporting the traffic pattern to the network device comprises at least one of the following:an indication of reporting the traffic pattern to the network device;a type of the traffic pattern to be reported to the network device; oran ID of the QoS flow.14.The first network function of claim 12, wherein the traffic pattern information comprises at least one of the following:time to next burst (TTNB) ;a forward error correction (FEC) ratio;a size of a burst; ora periodicity of a burst.15.A second network function, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the second network function to:receive a request of network status information of a quality of service (QoS) flow of a UE; andtransmit, to a network device, at least one of an identity (ID) of a protocol data unit (PDU) session, an indication of the network status information required, a required type of the network status information, and a QoS flow identifier (QFI) .16.The second network function of claim 15, wherein the second network function is configured to receive the request of network status information by one of the following:receiving, from a UE, a request of the network status information of the QoS flow; orreceiving, from a first network function, a request of the network status information of the QoS flow.17.The second network function of claim 15, wherein the request of the network status information comprises at least one of an indication of the network status information required, a required type of the network status information, an ID of a PDU session, and a QFI.18.The second network function of claim 15, wherein the second network function is further configured to:transmit, to a first network function, a request of exposing the network status information to the UE.19.The second network function of claim 1, wherein the network status information comprises at least one of a congestion information, an available bitrate, a maximum bitrate, end to end (E2E) transmission delay, a packet loss rate, or E2E transmission jitter.20.The second network function of claim 15, wherein the second network function is further configured to:transmit, to a first network function, information of reporting the traffic pattern of the QoS flow to the network device.