Composite laminated structure, display module and electronic device

Abstract

A composite laminated structure, a display module and an electronic device, which relate to the technical field of display. The composite laminated structure comprises: a flexible glass layer, a first organic coating and a functional layer, wherein the first organic coating is located on a first surface of the flexible glass layer, the functional layer is located on one side of a second surface of the flexible glass layer, and the first surface is opposite the second surface; and the elastic modulus of the first organic coating is greater than or equal to 10 Mpa, and the thickness of the first organic coating is d1, where 2 μm≤d1≤100 μm. When the composite laminated structure is applied to a display module, the first organic coating is located between the flexible glass layer and a display panel. When a user uses an electronic device made of the composite laminated structure in daily life, if the flexible glass layer is shattered due to serious impact, compression or dropping, the first organic coating serving as an explosion-proof layer can effectively trap glass fragments, thereby preventing the glass fragments from damaging the display panel, and effectively protecting the display panel.

Description

Composite stacked structure, display module, electronic device

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202510294762.5, filed with the State Intellectual Property Office of China on March 11, 2025, entitled "Composite Stacked Structure, Display Module, Electronic Device", and to Chinese Patent Application No. 202511784386.4, filed with the State Intellectual Property Office of China on November 27, 2025, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of display technology, and in particular to a composite stacked structure, a display module, and an electronic device. Background Technology

[0003] With the development of human-computer interaction technology, display has become an important element of human-computer interaction. As a result, foldable screen electronic devices have emerged, such as foldable phones.

[0004] In some existing foldable electronic devices, flexible glass is widely used because of its high impact resistance. However, flexible glass is prone to cracks or fragments during processing or user use, which can cause display failures such as black spots, screen distortion, and black screen. Therefore, it is a technical problem that needs to be solved to ensure that the display module has high impact resistance while preventing the display from failing due to broken flexible glass. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a composite laminated structure, a display module including the composite laminated structure, an electronic device including the display module, and an electronic device including the composite laminated structure. The main objective is to provide a composite laminated structure with high impact resistance and the ability to protect flexible glass.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of this application adopt the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, this application provides a composite stacked structure that can be applied in the display module of an electronic device.

[0008] The composite laminate structure provided in this application includes: a flexible glass layer, a first organic coating, and a functional layer. The first organic coating is located on a first surface of the flexible glass layer, and the functional layer is located on one side of a second surface of the flexible glass layer, with the first surface and the second surface opposite to each other. The elastic modulus of the first organic coating is greater than or equal to 10 MPa, and the thickness of the first organic coating is d1, where 2 μm ≤ d1 ≤ 100 μm. The functional layer includes an anti-fingerprint layer, and the water droplet angle of the anti-fingerprint layer is 90° to 160°.

[0009] When the composite laminate structure is applied in a display module, the first organic coating is located between the flexible glass layer and the display panel. The first organic coating can form an explosion-proof network to protect the flexible glass layer. When users use electronic devices made of the composite laminate structure in daily life, if the flexible glass layer is accidentally broken due to severe impact, squeezing, or drop, the first organic coating, as an explosion-proof layer, can effectively trap glass fragments and prevent them from damaging the display panel, thus providing effective protection for the display panel. Furthermore, the elastic modulus of the first organic coating is greater than or equal to 10 MPa, and the thickness of the first organic coating is d1, where 2 μm ≤ d1 ≤ 100 μm. That is, the first organic coating has a small thickness but a high modulus, which can cause the neutral layer of the flexible glass layer to shift in the tensile direction, thereby reducing the tensile stress on the first surface of the flexible glass layer and improving the glass's resistance to breakage when subjected to squeezing, impact, and bending. The first organic coating works in conjunction with a flexible glass layer that has high impact resistance. The organic coating fills micro-defects on the surface of the flexible glass layer and blunts crack tips, increasing the fracture threshold of the flexible glass layer and thus improving the impact and crush resistance of the display module. Additionally, the anti-fingerprint layer in the functional layer has a water droplet angle of 90° to 160°, which improves the stain resistance of the composite structure. Furthermore, it also optimizes the appearance of fingernail marks.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the first organic coating comprises multiple layers, which are stacked along the thickness direction of the composite laminate structure; in two adjacent first organic coating layers, the elastic modulus of the first organic coating closer to the flexible glass layer is E1, and the elastic modulus of the first organic coating farther from the flexible glass layer is E2, and E1 and E2 are not equal.

[0011] When the organic coating is multi-layered and the elastic moduli of adjacent organic coating layers are not equal, in addition to reducing the tensile stress on the first surface of the flexible glass layer and increasing the fracture threshold of the flexible glass layer, the design of the multi-layer organic coating can effectively reduce the rebound force or bending stress of the entire composite stack structure, further reduce the risk of separation of the adhesive layer in the display module, and improve the bendability of the display module.

[0012] In one possible implementation, E1 is less than E2, for example, 10MPa≤E1≤100GPa, 10MPa≤E2≤100GPa.

[0013] When 10MPa≤E1≤100GPa and 10MPa≤E2≤100GPa, the bendability of the composite laminate structure can be guaranteed. For example, when the composite laminate structure is used in foldable electronic devices, it can guarantee the bendability of the electronic devices.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the side of the flexible glass layer has an organic coating, and the side of the flexible glass layer is a surface connected to the first surface.

[0015] Because an organic coating is also applied to the side of the flexible glass layer, the organic coating can protect the side of the flexible glass layer, further improving the reliability of the flexible glass layer and reducing the risk of breakage at the edge of the flexible glass layer.

[0016] In one feasible manner, the material of the first organic coating includes at least one of the following: transparent polyimide, cage-like polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, polyethylene terephthalate, epoxy resin, polyurea, polyurethane, modified polydimethylsiloxane, disulfide-containing polymer, polycaprolactone, acrylate, polyurethane-modified acrylate, silicone resin, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, nylon, polyoxymethylene resin, transparent composite fiber, silicone rubber, and thermoplastic elastomer.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the flexible glass layer includes a glass substrate layer and an undercoat layer located on the glass substrate layer, with a first organic coating layer located on the surface of the undercoat layer.

[0018] For example, when a material with poor affinity to glass is selected to make the first organic coating, a primer can be applied to the surface of the flexible glass layer before the first organic coating is made. The primer can bond with the molecules on the surface of the flexible glass layer to form covalent bonds, thus forming a primer layer on the surface of the flexible glass layer. Then, after the first organic coating with poor affinity is made, the primer layer can be used to improve the bonding force between the first organic coating and the flexible glass layer.

[0019] In one feasible approach, the thickness of the base coating is less than or equal to 10 μm.

[0020] In one feasible approach, the material of the base coating includes at least one of silane coupling agents and acrylates.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the composite stacked structure also includes an inorganic layer located on the second surface of the flexible glass layer.

[0022] In one feasible approach, the Mohs hardness of the inorganic layer is greater than or equal to 1, and the thickness of the inorganic layer is d2, where d2 ≤ 30 μm.

[0023] This can be understood as follows: an organic coating is applied to one surface of a composite laminate structure, while an inorganic layer is applied to the opposite surface. When this composite laminate structure is used in a display module, the inorganic layer can be located on the outside of the display module. Since the Mohs hardness of the inorganic layer is greater than or equal to 1, meaning it has high hardness, it can improve the wear resistance of the display module. The thickness of the inorganic layer is d2, where d2 ≤ 30 μm. This ensures that the display module not only has high wear resistance but also maintains its bendability. For example, the crease depth of the display module can be optimized, typically by more than 42%; the crease slope can also be optimized, typically by more than 50%. Furthermore, the user experiences the tactile sensation of the inorganic layer and the glass substrate, enhancing the user experience. The combination of the inorganic layer and the organic coating gives this composite laminate structure not only high impact and extrusion strength, protecting the flexible display panel, but also improves surface wear resistance, optimizes fingernail imprints, and enhances the user's tactile experience.

[0024] In one feasible approach, the inorganic layer comprises an inorganic transition layer and an inorganic reinforcing layer, with the inorganic transition layer stacked between the flexible glass layer and the inorganic protective layer.

[0025] The inorganic transition layer can increase the adhesion between the inorganic reinforcing layer and the flexible glass, thereby improving the connection strength of the cover plate. For example, the inorganic transition layer can be silicon oxide, and the inorganic reinforcing layer can be silicon nitride.

[0026] In one feasible approach, the hardness of the inorganic transition layer is less than that of the inorganic reinforcing layer.

[0027] In one possible implementation, the composite laminate structure further includes an organic reinforcing layer stacked between the inorganic layer and the flexible glass layer, wherein the elastic modulus of the organic reinforcing layer is greater than or equal to 10 MPa.

[0028] By stacking an organic reinforcing layer between the inorganic layer and the flexible glass layer, the organic reinforcing layer can fill micro-defects on the glass surface and blunt crack tips, thereby improving the shatter resistance of the flexible glass.

[0029] In some examples, when the composite laminate structure has no organic reinforcing layer, the Mohs hardness of the inorganic layer is greater than or equal to 3; in other examples, when the composite laminate structure has an organic reinforcing layer, the Mohs hardness of the inorganic layer is greater than or equal to 1.

[0030] In one feasible manner, the material of the inorganic layer includes at least one of boron nitride, silicon nitride, titanium nitride, aluminum titanium nitride, silicon nitride, cubic boron nitride, silicon carbide, titanium carbide, zirconium carbide, tungsten carbide, titanium carbonitride, aluminum chromium nitride, diamond-like carbon (DLC), alumina, silicon oxide, zirconium oxide, chromium oxide, silicates, and tungstates.

[0031] In one feasible approach, the thermal conductivity of the inorganic layer is greater than or equal to 0.2 W / (mK).

[0032] When a user touches the display module, they experience a cool sensation, enhancing the user's tactile experience.

[0033] In one possible implementation, the composite stacked structure further includes a second organic coating located on a second surface of the flexible glass layer; the elastic modulus of the second organic coating is greater than or equal to 10 kPa, and the thickness of the second organic coating is d2, where 2 μm ≤ d2 ≤ 100 μm.

[0034] The second organic coating is used as a surface protective layer for the flexible glass layer. Furthermore, the second organic coating of this application is directly coated on the surface of the flexible glass layer. Compared with the related technology, which uses an adhesive layer to bond the glass, this application can reduce the thickness of the cover plate, allowing users to feel the texture of the glass when touching the screen.

[0035] In addition, since the elastic modulus of the organic coating is greater than or equal to 10 kPa and the thickness of the organic coating is d, 2 μm ≤ d ≤ 100 μm, that is to say, the organic coating has a small thickness but a high modulus and high resistance to impact and extrusion. When the organic coating is combined with a flexible glass layer with high impact resistance, the impact strength of the display module can be improved.

[0036] In one possible implementation, the second organic coating comprises multiple layers, which are stacked along the thickness direction of the composite laminate structure; in two adjacent layers of the second organic coating, the elastic modulus of the second organic coating closer to the flexible glass layer is E3, and the elastic modulus of the second organic coating farther from the flexible glass layer is E4, where E3 is less than E4.

[0037] The organic coating employs multiple layers, and when the elastic moduli of adjacent organic coating layers are unequal, the second organic coating layer, which is farther from the flexible glass, has a high modulus, thus providing resistance to scratches and crushing impacts. The second organic coating layer, which is closer to the flexible glass layer, has a low modulus, forming a "hard-soft-hard" impact-resistant structure that can effectively protect the flexible glass layer. Furthermore, the design of multiple organic coating layers can effectively reduce the rebound force or bending stress of the entire composite laminate structure, further reducing the risk of separation of the adhesive layer in the display module and improving the bendability of the display module.

[0038] In one achievable configuration, 10 kPa ≤ E3 ≤ 30 GPa, and 0.1 GPa ≤ E4 ≤ 100 GPa.

[0039] When 10KPa≤E3≤30GPa and 0.1GPa≤E4≤100GPa, the bendability of the composite laminate structure can be guaranteed. For example, when the composite laminate structure is used in foldable electronic devices, it can guarantee the bendability of the electronic devices.

[0040] In one possible implementation, the flexible glass layer comprises multiple layers, which are stacked along the thickness direction of the composite laminate structure; adjacent flexible glass layers are connected by an organic coating.

[0041] In one feasible manner, the elongation at break of the first organic coating is greater than or equal to 1%.

[0042] The elongation at break of the first organic coating is greater than or equal to 1%, which can ensure the bendability of the composite laminate structure.

[0043] In one feasible approach, the functional layer comprises multiple antireflective coatings, wherein in two adjacent antireflective coating layers, the refractive index of the antireflective coating closer to the flexible glass layer is greater than the refractive index of the antireflective coating farther from the flexible glass layer.

[0044] In one possible implementation, the functional layer includes an anti-glare coating, which is located on the surface of the composite laminate structure.

[0045] In one possible implementation, the composite laminate structure also includes an impact-resistant layer located on the side of the first organic coating opposite to the flexible glass layer.

[0046] The use of an impact-resistant layer can further enhance the protection of flexible display panels.

[0047] In one possible implementation, the composite stacked structure also includes an ink layer disposed around the edge of the flexible glass layer, and the ink layer is opaque.

[0048] In this example, the opaque ink layer is located at the edge of the flexible glass layer 1. This allows the ink layer to be positioned close to the mid-frame when the composite laminate structure is applied to the cover plate or protective film of a display module, improving its aesthetic appeal. For example, this composite laminate structure can be used in foldable electronic devices.

[0049] In one feasible manner, the sides of the flexible glass layer, as well as the surface opposite the organic coating, have impact-resistant layers; a first portion of the ink layer covers the impact-resistant layers on the sides of the flexible glass layer; and a second portion of the ink layer covers the edges of the flexible glass layer.

[0050] In one possible implementation, the width of the second part is smaller than the width of the first part.

[0051] Secondly, this application provides a display module that can be applied in electronic devices.

[0052] The display module provided in this application includes a flexible display panel and a composite stacked structure. The flexible display panel includes a bending region and a non-bending region. The bending region can be bent along the bending line, so that the display module can switch between an unfolded state and a closed state. The composite stacked structure is a composite stacked structure in any of the above implementations, and the first organic coating is located between the flexible glass layer and the flexible display panel.

[0053] Since the cover plate in the display module includes the composite stacked structure in any of the above implementations, that is, the composite stacked structure can serve as a cover plate. The first organic coating is located between the flexible glass layer and the flexible display panel. The first organic coating can form an explosion-proof network to protect the flexible glass layer. When users use electronic devices made of the composite stacked structure in daily life, if the flexible glass layer is accidentally broken due to severe impact, squeezing, or drop, the first organic coating, as an explosion-proof layer, can effectively trap glass fragments and prevent them from damaging the display panel, thus providing effective protection for the display panel.

[0054] In one possible implementation, the display module also includes a back film and a support plate, with the back film located on the side of the flexible display panel away from the composite stack structure, and the back film connected to the support plate by an adhesive layer.

[0055] In one possible implementation, the display module also includes a support plate, to which the flexible display panel is connected via an adhesive layer.

[0056] In one possible implementation, the support plate includes a bent portion corresponding to the bent area and a non-bent portion corresponding to the non-bent area, wherein the thickness of the bent portion is less than the thickness of the non-bent portion, and the bent portion is not provided with bamboo book holes.

[0057] Without the bamboo book hole in the bending section, the thickness of the large surface area on both sides can be increased, for example, to more than 100um, such as 150um, 200um, 250um, etc. Increasing the thickness of the large surface area can improve the rigidity of the display module in the large surface area, thereby improving the reliability performance of extrusion, impact and drop, while also improving the light and shadow effect of the large surface area. The solution without the bamboo book hole in the bending section can improve the light and shadow effect of the bending area, and is not limited by the thickness of the thicker part of the large surface area, and can maintain the original bending characteristics.

[0058] In one possible implementation, the support plate includes a bent portion corresponding to the bent area and a non-bent portion corresponding to the non-bent area, the thickness of the bent portion being equal to the thickness of the non-bent portion, and the bent portion being provided with a bamboo-shaped perforation.

[0059] In one possible implementation, the display module further includes a support plate disposed on the side of the flexible display panel opposite to the display surface; the support plate includes a flexible glass layer and an impact-resistant layer, which are stacked along the thickness direction of the display module, and the elastic modulus of the impact-resistant layer is E5, 1MPa≤E5≤10GPa.

[0060] When a flexible glass layer and an impact-resistant layer are used as the support plate structure of the display module, the flexible glass layer experiences less creep, which improves the crease precision of the module and enhances its performance compared to a carbon fiber plate structure. In some application scenarios, when the flexible glass layer breaks, the impact-resistant layer can protect the broken flexible glass layer, improving the reliability of the support plate and thus the reliability of the display module.

[0061] In one possible implementation, the support plate also includes an organic coating; the flexible glass layer, the impact-resistant layer, and the organic coating are stacked along the thickness direction of the display module, and the elastic modulus of the organic coating is greater than that of the impact-resistant layer.

[0062] The organic coating can serve as an explosion-proof layer, further protecting the display module.

[0063] In one possible implementation, the organic coating is disposed on the side of the flexible glass layer facing away from the flexible display panel; or, the organic coating is disposed on the side of the flexible glass layer facing the flexible display panel.

[0064] In one feasible approach, the surface of the flexible glass layer opposite to the flexible display panel, as well as the side surfaces connected to the surface, both have impact-resistant layers.

[0065] In one feasible manner, the thickness of the first portion of the flexible glass layer corresponding to the bent region is less than the thickness of the second portion of the flexible glass layer corresponding to the non-bent region.

[0066] Thirdly, this application provides an electronic device, which may be a foldable electronic device.

[0067] The electronic device includes a first housing and a second housing, as well as a pivot mechanism connecting the first housing and the second housing; the electronic device also includes the aforementioned display module, with the first housing and the second housing connected to the display module.

[0068] Since the electronic device includes the composite laminate structure described above, the first organic coating is located between the flexible glass layer and the flexible display panel. The first organic coating can form an explosion-proof network to protect the flexible glass layer. When the user uses the electronic device made of the composite laminate structure in daily life, if the flexible glass layer is broken due to a serious impact, squeezing or drop, the first organic coating, as an explosion-proof layer, can effectively hold the glass fragments and prevent them from damaging the display panel, thus providing effective protection for the display panel and improving the performance of the electronic device.

[0069] Fourthly, this application provides an electronic device, which may be a foldable electronic device.

[0070] The electronic device includes a display module, which includes a flexible display panel and a cover plate, with the cover plate located on one side of the display surface of the flexible display panel; the electronic device also includes a protective film, which includes a composite laminate structure as described in any of the above implementations, with the composite laminate structure located on the side of the cover plate away from the flexible display panel, and a first organic coating located between the flexible glass layer and the cover plate.

[0071] In other words, the composite layered structure can serve as a protective film, which can be placed on the cover plate of the display module. Since the protective film has an organic coating, the organic coating can form an explosion-proof network to protect the cover plate and the flexible glass layer.

[0072] Fifthly, this application provides a composite laminated structure comprising: a flexible glass layer and an inorganic layer, wherein the inorganic layer is located on one surface of the flexible glass layer; wherein the Mohs hardness of the inorganic layer is greater than or equal to 1, and the thickness of the inorganic layer is d2, where d2≤30μm.

[0073] When this composite laminate structure is applied to a display module, the inorganic layer can be located on the outside of the display module. Since the inorganic layer has a Mohs hardness greater than or equal to 1, meaning it possesses high hardness, it can improve the wear resistance of the display module. The thickness of the inorganic layer is d2, where d2≤30μm. This ensures that the display module, while possessing high wear resistance, also maintains its bendability. For example, the crease depth can be optimized by more than 42%, and the crease slope can be optimized by more than 50%. Furthermore, the user experiences the tactile sensation of the inorganic layer and the glass substrate, enhancing the user experience.

[0074] In one feasible approach, the inorganic layer comprises an inorganic transition layer and an inorganic reinforcing layer, with the inorganic transition layer stacked between the flexible glass layer and the inorganic protective layer.

[0075] An inorganic transition layer can increase the adhesion between the inorganic reinforcing layer and the flexible glass, thereby improving the connection strength of the cover plate. For example, the inorganic transition layer can be silicon oxide, and the inorganic reinforcing layer can be silicon nitride.

[0076] In one feasible approach, the hardness of the inorganic transition layer is less than that of the inorganic reinforcing layer.

[0077] In one feasible embodiment, the composite laminate structure further includes an organic reinforcing layer stacked between the inorganic layer and the flexible glass layer, wherein the elastic modulus of the organic reinforcing layer is greater than or equal to 10 MPa.

[0078] By stacking an organic reinforcing layer between the inorganic layer and the flexible glass layer, the organic reinforcing layer can fill micro-defects on the glass surface, thereby improving the glass's resistance to shattering.

[0079] In one feasible manner, the material of the inorganic layer includes at least one of boron nitride, silicon nitride, titanium nitride, aluminum titanium nitride, silicon nitride, cubic boron nitride, silicon carbide, titanium carbide, zirconium carbide, tungsten carbide, titanium carbonitride, aluminum chromium nitride, diamond-like carbon (DLC), alumina, silicon oxide, zirconium oxide, chromium oxide, silicates, and tungstates.

[0080] In one feasible approach, the thermal conductivity of the inorganic layer is greater than or equal to 0.2 W / (mK).

[0081] When a user touches the display module, they experience a cool sensation, enhancing the user's tactile experience.

[0082] In one possible implementation, the composite laminate structure further includes a first organic coating located on the other surface of the flexible glass layer, that is, the first organic coating and the inorganic layer are located on opposite surfaces of the flexible glass layer, the elastic modulus of the first organic coating is greater than or equal to 10 MPa, and the thickness of the first organic coating is d1, 2 μm ≤ d1 ≤ 100 μm.

[0083] When the composite laminate structure is applied in a display module, the first organic coating is located between the flexible glass layer and the display panel. The first organic coating can form an explosion-proof network to protect the flexible glass layer. When users use electronic devices made of the composite laminate structure in daily life, if the flexible glass layer is broken due to accidental severe impact, squeezing, or drop, the first organic coating, as an explosion-proof layer, can effectively trap glass fragments and prevent them from damaging the display panel, thus providing effective protection for the display panel. Furthermore, the elastic modulus of the first organic coating is greater than or equal to 10 MPa, and the thickness of the first organic coating is d1, where 2 μm ≤ d1 ≤ 100 μm. That is, the first organic coating has a small thickness but a high modulus, resulting in high impact resistance. The first organic coating, combined with the highly impact-resistant flexible glass layer, can improve the impact resistance of the display module.

[0084] In one possible implementation, the side of the flexible glass layer has a first organic coating, and the side of the flexible glass layer is a surface connected to the first surface.

[0085] In one possible implementation, the first organic coating comprises multiple layers, which are stacked along the thickness direction of the composite laminate structure; in two adjacent first organic coating layers, the elastic modulus of the first organic coating closer to the flexible glass layer is E1, and the elastic modulus of the first organic coating farther from the flexible glass layer is E2, and E1 and E2 are not equal.

[0086] By employing multiple layers of organic coating and ensuring that the elastic moduli of adjacent organic coating layers are unequal, the rebound force or bending stress of the entire organic coating can be effectively reduced, thereby improving the bendability of the display module.

[0087] In one possible implementation, E1 is less than E2, for example, 10MPa≤E1≤100GPa, 10MPa≤E2≤100GPa.

[0088] When 10MPa≤E1≤100GPa and 10MPa≤E2≤100GPa, the bendability of the composite laminate structure can be guaranteed. For example, when the composite laminate structure is used in foldable electronic devices, it can guarantee the bendability of the electronic devices.

[0089] In one possible implementation, the flexible glass layer includes a glass substrate layer and an undercoat layer located on the glass substrate layer, with a first organic coating layer located on the surface of the undercoat layer.

[0090] For example, when a material with poor affinity to glass is selected to make the first organic coating, a primer can be applied to the surface of the flexible glass layer before the first organic coating is made. The primer can bond with the molecules on the surface of the flexible glass layer to form covalent bonds, thus forming a primer layer on the surface of the flexible glass layer. Then, after the first organic coating with poor affinity is made, the primer layer can be used to improve the bonding force between the first organic coating and the flexible glass layer.

[0091] In one feasible approach, the thickness of the base coating is less than or equal to 10 μm.

[0092] In one feasible approach, the material of the base coating includes at least one of silane coupling agents and acrylates.

[0093] In a sixth aspect, this application provides a composite laminated structure comprising a flexible glass layer, a second organic coating layer, and a functional layer. The second organic coating layer is located on one surface of the flexible glass layer, and the functional layer is located on the side of the second organic coating layer away from the flexible glass layer. The elastic modulus of the second organic coating layer is greater than or equal to 10 MPa, and the thickness of the second organic coating layer is d1, where 2 μm ≤ d1 ≤ 100 μm.

[0094] When composite stacked structures are applied in foldable electronic devices, in order to ensure the bendability of the display module, the flexible glass layer used to protect the display screen is relatively thin. Therefore, other film layers need to be set on the flexible glass layer to protect it. In the composite stacked structure provided in this application, an organic coating is used as a protective layer for the flexible glass layer. Moreover, the organic coating of this application is directly coated on the surface of the flexible glass layer. Compared with the adhesive layer bonding method in related technologies, this application can reduce the thickness of the cover plate, and users can feel the texture of the glass when touching the screen.

[0095] In addition, since the elastic modulus of the organic coating is greater than or equal to 10 MPa, and the thickness of the organic coating is d, 2 μm ≤ d ≤ 100 μm, that is to say, the organic coating has a small thickness but a high modulus and high impact resistance. When combined with a flexible glass layer with high impact resistance, the organic coating can improve the impact resistance of the display module.

[0096] Therefore, the display module of this application not only has high impact resistance, but also reduces the thickness of the composite stacked structure, improving the user experience. Furthermore, due to the reduced thickness of the composite stacked structure, the bendability of the display module can also be improved.

[0097] In one possible implementation, the second organic coating comprises multiple layers, which are stacked along the thickness direction of the composite laminate structure; in two adjacent layers of the second organic coating, the elastic modulus of the second organic coating closer to the flexible glass layer is E3, and the elastic modulus of the second organic coating farther from the flexible glass layer is E4, where E3 is less than E4.

[0098] By employing multiple layers of organic coating and ensuring that the elastic moduli of adjacent organic coating layers are unequal, the rebound force or bending stress of the entire organic coating can be effectively reduced, thereby improving the bendability of the display module.

[0099] In one achievable configuration, 10 kPa ≤ E3 ≤ 30 GPa, and 0.1 GPa ≤ E4 ≤ 100 GPa.

[0100] When 10KPa≤E3≤30GPa and 0.1GPa≤E4≤100GPa, the bendability of the composite laminate structure can be guaranteed. For example, when the composite laminate structure is used in foldable electronic devices, it can guarantee the bendability of the electronic devices.

[0101] In one feasible manner, the multilayer second organic coating includes a surface organic coating and an inner organic coating adjacent to the surface organic coating; the elastic modulus of the surface organic coating is greater than that of the inner organic coating.

[0102] In this example, an organic coating with high elastic modulus is applied to the surface to provide scratch resistance and resistance to extrusion impact.

[0103] In one possible implementation, the composite laminate structure further includes a first organic coating, with the first organic coating and the second organic coating disposed opposite each other on both sides of the flexible glass layer.

[0104] When the composite laminate structure is applied in a display module, the first organic coating is located between the flexible glass layer and the display panel. The first organic coating can form an explosion-proof network to protect the flexible glass layer. When users use electronic devices made of the composite laminate structure in daily life, if the flexible glass layer is broken due to a serious impact, squeezing or drop, the first organic coating, as an explosion-proof layer, can effectively hold the glass fragments and prevent them from damaging the display panel, thus providing effective protection for the display panel.

[0105] In one possible implementation, the flexible glass layer includes a glass substrate layer and an undercoat layer located on the glass substrate layer, with a first organic coating layer located on the surface of the undercoat layer.

[0106] For example, when a material with poor affinity to glass is selected to make the first organic coating, a primer can be applied to the surface of the flexible glass layer before the first organic coating is made. The primer can bond with the molecules on the surface of the flexible glass layer to form covalent bonds, thus forming a primer layer on the surface of the flexible glass layer. Then, after the first organic coating with poor affinity is made, the primer layer can be used to improve the bonding force between the first organic coating and the flexible glass layer.

[0107] In one feasible approach, the thickness of the base coating is less than or equal to 10 μm.

[0108] In one feasible approach, the material of the base coating includes at least one of silane coupling agents and acrylates.

[0109] In a seventh aspect, this application provides a display module comprising a flexible display panel, a cover plate, and a support plate. The flexible display panel includes a bending region and a non-bending region. The bending region can be bent along a bending line, allowing the display module to switch between an unfolded state and a closed state. The cover plate is disposed on one side of the display surface of the flexible display panel, and the support plate is disposed on the side of the flexible display panel opposite to the display surface. The support plate includes a flexible glass layer and an impact-resistant layer, which are stacked along the thickness direction of the display module. The elastic modulus of the impact-resistant layer is E5, where 1MPa≤E5≤10GPa.

[0110] When a flexible glass layer and an impact-resistant layer are used as the support plate structure of the display module, the flexible glass layer experiences less creep, which improves the crease precision of the module and enhances its performance compared to a carbon fiber plate structure. In some application scenarios, when the flexible glass layer breaks, the impact-resistant layer can protect the broken flexible glass layer, improving the reliability of the support plate and thus the reliability of the display module.

[0111] In one possible implementation, the support plate also includes an organic coating; the flexible glass layer, the impact-resistant layer, and the organic coating are stacked along the thickness direction of the display module, and the elastic modulus of the organic coating is greater than that of the impact-resistant layer.

[0112] In one possible implementation, the organic coating is disposed on the side of the flexible glass layer facing away from the flexible display panel; or, the organic coating is disposed on the side of the flexible glass layer facing the flexible display panel.

[0113] In one feasible approach, the surface of the flexible glass layer opposite to the flexible display panel, as well as the side surfaces connected to the surface, both have impact-resistant layers.

[0114] In one feasible manner, the thickness of the first portion of the flexible glass layer corresponding to the bent region is less than the thickness of the second portion of the flexible glass layer corresponding to the non-bent region.

[0115] In one possible implementation, the cover plate can adopt a composite laminate structure as described in any of the above implementations.

[0116] Eighthly, this application provides an electronic device including a protective film and a display module according to any of the above implementations, wherein the protective film is disposed on the display module.

[0117] In one feasible approach, the protective film can employ a composite laminate structure as described in any of the aforementioned implementations.

[0118] Ninthly, this application provides a composite laminated structure, which includes a flexible glass layer, an impact-resistant layer and an organic coating layer stacked together, and also includes an ink layer, which is disposed around the edge of the flexible glass layer and is opaque.

[0119] In this example, the opaque ink layer is located at the edge of the flexible glass layer 1. This allows the ink layer to be positioned close to the mid-frame when the composite laminate structure is applied to the cover plate or protective film of a display module, improving its aesthetic appeal. For example, this composite laminate structure can be used in foldable electronic devices.

[0120] In one feasible manner, the sides of the flexible glass layer, as well as the surface opposite the organic coating, have impact-resistant layers; a first portion of the ink layer covers the impact-resistant layers on the sides of the flexible glass layer; and a second portion of the ink layer covers the edges of the flexible glass layer.

[0121] In one possible implementation, the width of the second part is smaller than the width of the first part.

[0122] In one possible implementation, the composite laminate structure further includes an inorganic layer and a functional layer. The functional layer includes an anti-fingerprint layer with a water droplet angle of 90° to 160°. The functional layer is located on one surface of the inorganic layer, and the stacked flexible glass layer, impact-resistant layer, and organic coating are located on the other surface of the inorganic layer. Attached Figure Description

[0123] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a foldable electronic device according to an example of this application;

[0124] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display module provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0125] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a composite laminated structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0126] Figure 4 is a simplified schematic diagram of a composite laminated structure fabrication process provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0127] Figure 5 is a chemical formula diagram of a silane coupling agent provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0128] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a composite laminated structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0129] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a composite stacked structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0130] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a composite laminated structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0131] Figure 9 is a thickness strain curve of the organic coating in a composite laminate structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0132] Figure 10 is a thickness sensitivity diagram of an organic coating in a composite laminate structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0133] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a composite laminated structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0134] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of a composite laminated structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0135] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of a composite laminated structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0136] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of a composite laminated structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0137] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of a composite laminated structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0138] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of a composite laminated structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0139] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of a composite laminated structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0140] Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of a composite laminated structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0141] Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of a composite laminated structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0142] Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of a composite laminated structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0143] Figure 21 is a partial structural schematic diagram of a foldable electronic device according to an example of this application;

[0144] Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of a composite laminated structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0145] Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of a composite stacked structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0146] Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of a composite stacked structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0147] Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of a composite laminated structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0148] Figure 26 is a schematic diagram of a composite laminated structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0149] Figure 27 is a schematic diagram of a composite laminated structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0150] Figure 28 is a schematic diagram of a composite laminated structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0151] Figure 29 is a schematic diagram of a composite stacked structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0152] Figure 30 is a schematic diagram of a composite laminated structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0153] Figure 31 is a schematic diagram of a composite laminated structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0154] Figure 32 is a schematic diagram of a composite laminated structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0155] Figure 33 is a schematic diagram of a composite stacked structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0156] Figure 34 is a schematic diagram of a composite stacked structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0157] Figure 35 is a schematic diagram of a composite laminated structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0158] Figure 36 is a schematic diagram of a composite laminated structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0159] Figure 37 is a schematic diagram of a composite stacked structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0160] Figure 38 is a schematic diagram of a composite laminated structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0161] Figure 39 is a schematic diagram of a composite laminated structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0162] Figure 40 is a schematic diagram of a composite laminated structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0163] Figure 41 is a schematic diagram of a composite laminated structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0164] Figure 42 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display module provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0165] Figure 43 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0166] Figure 44 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display module provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0167] Figure 45 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display module provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0168] Figure 46 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display module provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0169] Figure 47 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display module provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0170] Figure 48 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display module provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0171] Figure 49 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display module provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0172] Figure 50 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display module provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0173] Figure 51 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display module provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0174] Figure 52 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display module provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0175] Figure 53 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display module provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0176] Figure 54 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display module provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0177] Figure 55 is a schematic diagram of a composite stacked structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0178] Figure 56 is a schematic diagram of a composite stacked structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0179] Figure 57 is a schematic diagram of a composite stacked structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0180] Figure 58 is a schematic diagram of a composite laminated structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0181] Figure 59 is a schematic diagram of a composite stacked structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0182] Figure 60 is a schematic diagram of a composite laminated structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0183] Figure 61 is a schematic diagram of a composite laminated structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0184] Figure 62 is a top view of a display module provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0185] Figure 63 is a cross-sectional view AA of Figure 62;

[0186] Figure 64 is a schematic diagram of a composite stacked structure provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0187] The specific embodiments involved in this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0188] This application provides an electronic device with a foldable screen. This electronic device may include mobile phones, tablets, smart wearable products (e.g., smartwatches, smart bracelets), virtual reality (VR) terminal devices, augmented reality (AR) terminal devices, and other electronic products with display functions. This application does not impose any special limitations on the specific form of the electronic device with display functions.

[0189] For ease of explanation, the following uses a mobile phone as an example to illustrate the structure of this electronic device.

[0190] Figure 1 shows a structural diagram of a foldable screen phone, and the example foldable screen phone is a three-screen foldable phone. This three-screen foldable phone may include a first housing 100a, a second housing 100b, and a third housing 100c, as well as a display module 11. The display module 11 may continuously cover the first housing 100a, the second housing 100b, and the third housing 100c. The foldable screen phone may also include a first hinge mechanism and a second hinge mechanism.

[0191] The first housing 100a and the second housing 100b are disposed on both sides of the first rotating shaft mechanism and are respectively connected to the first rotating shaft mechanism. The first rotating shaft mechanism can move so that the first housing 100a and the second housing 100b are folded or unfolded relative to each other, thereby realizing the flattening and closing of the display module 11 disposed on the first housing 100a and the second housing 100b.

[0192] The second housing 100b and the third housing 100c are disposed on both sides of the second rotating shaft mechanism and are respectively connected to the second rotating shaft mechanism. The second rotating shaft mechanism can move so that the second housing 100b and the third housing 100c are folded or unfolded relative to each other, thereby realizing the flattening and closing of the display module 11 disposed on the second housing 100b and the third housing 100c.

[0193] Foldable electronic devices can be unfolded into a flat state, folded into a closed state, or exist in an intermediate state between the two. Foldable electronic devices have at least two states: a flat state and a closed state. In some cases, a third state, an intermediate state between the flat and closed states, may be further included. The intermediate state is not unique; it can be any one or more states between the flat and closed states of the electronic device.

[0194] The above example uses an S-shaped triple-screen folding phone. In other examples, it could also be a G-shaped triple-folding, double-folding, or other types of electronic devices.

[0195] As shown in Figure 2, the display module 11 may include a support bracket 111, a flexible display panel 112, and a cover 113.

[0196] The support plate 111 and the cover plate 113 are disposed on opposite sides of the flexible display panel 112. The support plate 111 is located on the back side of the flexible display panel 112 and serves as a support structure to support the flexible display panel 112. The cover plate 113 is located on the display surface side of the flexible display panel 112 and serves to protect the flexible display panel 112 and reduce the probability of the flexible display panel 112 being damaged.

[0197] The display surface of the flexible display panel 112 is the side of the flexible display panel 112 used to display the image to the user. The back side of the flexible display panel 112 refers to the side opposite to the display surface of the flexible display panel 112. The back side of the flexible display panel 112 can also be the side that is away from the display surface.

[0198] The flexible display panel 112 may include connected bending and non-bending areas. The bending area can be bent along the bending line, so that the display module can switch between an unfolded state and a closed state.

[0199] In some display modules that can be used in foldable electronic devices, flexible glass is widely used due to its high impact resistance. In order to ensure the bendability of the cover, such as the bending radius and the requirement for multiple folds, the thickness of the flexible glass layer is relatively thin, for example, less than or equal to 50μm. This flexible glass layer is prone to cracks or fragments during processing or user use, causing display failure problems such as black spots, screen distortion, and black screen. If the flexible glass layer is applied to the surface of the display module, it will also lead to the risk of breakage and injury. Therefore, it is necessary to set other film layers on the flexible glass layer.

[0200] In some display modules, other film layers placed on the flexible glass layer are bonded to the flexible glass layer, resulting in a large thickness of the entire cover plate. When users touch the screen, they cannot perceive the texture of the glass, resulting in a poor sensory experience and affecting the user experience.

[0201] This application provides a composite laminated structure that can be applied in a display module. For example, the composite laminated structure serves as a cover plate for the display module, enabling the cover plate to not only have high impact resistance but also compress its thickness, thus improving the perceived texture of the glass. The composite laminated structure of this application can also serve as a protective film for electronic devices, which can be applied to the display module within the electronic device. The composite laminated structure is illustrated by the following examples.

[0202] As shown in Figure 3, Figure 3 is a structural diagram of a composite stacked structure according to an embodiment of this application.

[0203] As shown in Figure 3, the composite stacked structure 1130 may include a flexible glass layer 1 and an organic coating 2, with the organic coating 2 applied to the surface of the flexible glass layer 1 facing away from the flexible display panel 112.

[0204] As shown in Figure 3, the flexible glass layer 1 includes a first surface and a second surface, which are opposite to each other. The second surface is the surface of the flexible glass layer 1 that is away from the flexible display panel 112, and the first surface is the surface of the flexible glass layer 1 that is facing the flexible display panel 112. In this example, the organic coating 2 is coated on the second surface.

[0205] The flexible glass layer 1 can be made of ultra-thin glass (UTG). For example, the thickness of the flexible glass layer 1 can be less than or equal to 100 μm. A flexible glass layer 1 with a thickness of less than or equal to 100 μm can be used in the foldable display module as a uniform thickness to ensure the bending radius and meet bending requirements. The flexible glass layer 1 can also be in a non-uniform thickness form, with the difference between the minimum and maximum thickness areas being greater than or equal to 5 μm. Applying it to the display module in a non-uniform thickness form can better ensure a smaller bending radius and meet bending requirements.

[0206] Among the available materials, the organic coating 2 can be selected from at least one of the following transparent materials: clear polyimide (CPI), polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS), polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PET), epoxy resin, polyurea containing dynamic reversible chemical bonds, polyurethane, modified polydimethylsiloxane, polymers containing disulfide bonds, self-healing coatings such as polycaprolactone, acrylate, polyurethane-modified acrylate, silicone resin, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, nylon, polyoxymethylene resin, transparent composite fibers (such as glass fiber, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, etc.), silicone rubber, thermoplastic elastomer, etc.

[0207] In this application example, the organic coating 2 is directly coated on the surface of the flexible glass layer 1. For example, the organic coating 2 can be obtained by coating the flexible glass layer 1 using a coating process.

[0208] In some manufacturing processes, when selecting materials with good affinity for glass, for example, at least one of polyurethane, acrylate, polyurethane-modified acrylate, and silicone can be selected. In some feasible processes, as shown in Figure 4, the flexible glass layer 1 can be placed on a soft substrate, the surface of the flexible glass layer 1 can be cleaned, and then the surface of the flexible glass layer 1 can be subjected to plasma treatment. Then, a precursor liquid with a certain viscosity can be coated on the surface of the flexible glass layer 1. The precursor liquid can be at least one of polyurethane, acrylate, polyurethane-modified acrylate, and silicone. Optionally, a heating and baking step can be added to the precursor liquid to remove the solvent. Finally, the precursor liquid is cured by heating or UV irradiation, thereby forming an organic coating 2 on the surface of the flexible glass layer 1.

[0209] In other manufacturing processes, when materials with general or poor affinity for glass are selected, such as cage-like polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes, epoxy resins, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate, silicone rubber, nylon, polyoxymethylene resin, composite fibers, etc., the flexible glass layer 1 can be placed on a soft substrate. The surface of the flexible glass layer 1 is then cleaned, and subsequently subjected to plasma, corona, or hydroxyl activation (e.g., acid treatment) on its surface. Surface activation treatments are performed, and then, in Scheme 1, a primer such as a silane coupling agent or an acrylate is coated on the surface of the flexible glass layer 1, and then a precursor liquid with a certain viscosity is coated on the surface of the primer. In Scheme 2, a precursor liquid containing a silane coupling agent and other modified components with a certain viscosity is coated on the surface of the flexible glass layer 1. Optionally, a heating and baking step can be added to the precursor liquid to remove the solvent. Finally, the precursor liquid containing the silane coupling agent is cured by heating or UV irradiation, thereby forming an organic coating 2 on the surface of the flexible glass layer 1.

[0210] In the second preparation process described above, Scheme 2 involves adding a silane coupling agent to the precursor solution. This silane coupling agent causes the precursor solution to form a substance with some silane coupling agent functional groups. For example, when the precursor solution contains diamine and dianhydride, the silane coupling agent reacts with the diamine and dianhydride to form polyamic acid with some silane coupling agent functional groups. This polyamic acid is then coated onto the surface of the glass substrate. As the temperature is gradually increased and imidized, part of the silane coupling agent will dehydrate and condense with the glass substrate to form covalent bonds, thereby effectively improving the adhesion between the organic coating and the flexible glass layer.

[0211] Figure 5 shows the chemical formula of the silane coupling agent exemplified in this application. Of course, other types of silane coupling agents can also be selected. In Figure 5, X is a hydrolyzable group, for example, X is -OCH3, or -OC2H5, or -Cl; R is a group that polymerizes with dianhydrides and diamines.

[0212] Since this application can use a coating process to form an organic coating 2 on the flexible glass layer 1, while ensuring that the organic coating 2 protects the flexible glass layer 1, it can also form a thinner organic coating 2. For example, the thickness of the organic coating 2 is d1, where 2μm≤d1≤100μm. Compared with the bonding method, this application can reduce the thickness of the composite stacked structure 1130. For example, the thickness of the composite stacked structure 1130 can be reduced by more than 50μm. When the user touches the screen, they can clearly perceive the texture of the glass, thus improving the user experience.

[0213] In addition, since the thickness of the composite stacked structure 1130 is compressed, the thickness of the entire display module is also reduced, which can improve the bendability of the display module.

[0214] For example, the thickness d1 of the organic coating 2 in this application can be 5 μm, or 10 μm, or 20 μm, or 30 μm, or 35 μm, or 40 μm.

[0215] In the composite laminate structure 1130 of this application example, the elastic modulus of the organic coating 2 is greater than or equal to 10 MPa. For example, the elastic modulus of the organic coating 2 may be greater than 1 GPa and less than 5 GPa, or the elastic modulus of the organic coating 2 may be greater than 2 GPa and less than 5 GPa, or the elastic modulus of the organic coating 2 may be greater than 2 GPa and less than 10 GPa.

[0216] Since the elastic modulus of the organic coating 2 provided in this application is greater than or equal to 10 MPa, and the thickness of the organic coating 2 is d1, where 2 μm ≤ d1 ≤ 100 μm, the organic coating has a relatively small thickness but a high modulus and high impact resistance. When this organic coating 2 is combined with the flexible glass layer 1, which has high impact resistance, it can improve the impact strength of the display module. The organic coating can form an explosion-proof network to protect the flexible glass layer. When a user uses a mobile phone made of this composite cover plate, and the flexible glass layer breaks due to a severe impact, compression, or drop, the organic coating, as an explosion-proof layer, can effectively trap glass fragments, preventing injury to the user and providing effective protection. This can effectively reduce the risk of injury from broken glass, for example, by more than 10 times.

[0217] The organic coating 2 in this application example has an elongation at break greater than or equal to 1%. For example, the elongation at break may be greater than 5% and less than 10%, or the elongation at break may be greater than 5% and less than 20%.

[0218] The elongation at break involved in this application can be understood as: the percentage (unit: %) of the elongation of the hardened material body relative to its original length under tensile force.

[0219] When the elongation at break of the organic coating 2 is greater than or equal to 1%, the bending force of the organic coating 2 can be guaranteed, and the organic coating 2 can be prevented from breaking.

[0220] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a composite stacked structure 1130 according to an example of this application.

[0221] In the structure shown in Figure 6, the composite stacked structure 1130 may include a flexible glass layer 1 and an organic coating 2; wherein, the flexible glass layer 1 includes a glass substrate layer 1A and a base coating layer 1B located on the glass substrate layer 1A, and the organic coating 2 is coated on the surface of the base coating layer 1B.

[0222] Among the available preparation processes, materials with good glass affinity or poor glass affinity can be selected. For example, when selecting a material with poor glass affinity, at least one of the following can be chosen: cage-like polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, epoxy resin, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate, silicone rubber, nylon, polyoxymethylene resin, and composite fiber. The flexible glass layer 1 can be placed on a soft substrate, its surface cleaned, and then a primer applied to its surface. The primer can be at least one of silane coupling agents, acrylates, etc., and the primer is reacted at a certain temperature and time. Then, a precursor liquid with a certain viscosity is coated on the surface of the flexible glass layer 1. The precursor liquid can be at least one of cage-like polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, polycarbonate, silicone rubber, etc. The solvent of the precursor liquid is completely evaporated at a certain temperature and time. Then, the precursor liquid is cured by heating or UV irradiation, thereby forming an organic coating 2 on the surface of the flexible glass layer 1, and the composite laminate structure 1130 shown in Figure 6 can be obtained.

[0223] As described in the above preparation method, for example, when an organic coating 2 is prepared using a material with poor affinity for glass, a primer can be applied to the surface of the flexible glass layer 1 before preparing the organic coating 2. This primer can bond with the molecules on the surface of the flexible glass layer 1 to form covalent bonds, as shown in Figure 6, forming a primer layer 1B on the surface of the flexible glass layer 1. Then, after preparing the organic coating 2 with poor affinity, the primer layer 1B can be used to improve the bonding force between the organic coating 2 and the flexible glass layer 1.

[0224] In some examples, the thickness of the base coating 1B shown in Figure 6 is less than or equal to 10 μm. Exemplarily, the thickness of the base coating 1B can be on the order of hundreds of nanometers to tens of micrometers.

[0225] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a composite stacked structure 1130 according to an example of this application.

[0226] In this example, the composite stacked structure 1130 includes a flexible glass layer 1 and an organic coating 2. The organic coating 2 may include multiple layers, which are stacked along the thickness direction of the composite stacked structure 1130. For example, in FIG7, an example is shown that there are two organic coatings, namely organic coating 21 and organic coating 22. The thickness direction of the composite stacked structure 1130 is the Z direction, and the organic coating 21 and organic coating 22 are stacked sequentially on the flexible glass layer 1 along the Z direction.

[0227] When the organic coating 2 comprises multiple layers, the elastic moduli of adjacent organic coating layers are not equal. When the elastic moduli of adjacent organic coating layers are not equal, the internal stress of the organic coating can be released, the rebound force or bending stress can be reduced, and the bending performance can be improved. For example, the bending radius R can be less than R2.5mm. In addition, the risk of breakage can be reduced, and the reliability of the composite laminate structure can be improved. For example, the impact fracture height can be increased from less than 2mm to more than 2cm or to 6cm, or even to more than 20cm.

[0228] In some implementations, the material types of adjacent organic coating layers can be the same or different. By selecting the same or different materials that can be chemically cross-linked, and utilizing interfacial adhesion, the thickness of the composite laminate structure can be reduced without the need for bonding layers or other materials.

[0229] In some examples, when the organic coating 2 comprises multiple layers, it includes a surface organic coating and an inner organic coating adjacent to the surface organic coating; the elastic modulus of the surface organic coating is greater than that of the inner organic coating. For example, in Figure 7, organic coating 22 is the surface organic coating, and organic coating 21 is the inner organic coating. The elastic modulus of organic coating 22 is greater than that of organic coating 21. The elastic modulus of organic coating 21 is E3, and the elastic modulus of organic coating 22 is E4, where 10 kPa ≤ E3 ≤ 30 GPa, and 0.1 GPa ≤ E4 ≤ 100 GPa.

[0230] Applying an organic coating with a high elastic modulus to the surface of the cover plate can provide scratch resistance and resistance to extrusion impact; organic coatings 22 and 21 with different elastic moduli can reduce rebound force or bending stress and improve bending performance.

[0231] To further improve the impact resistance of the composite laminate structure, as shown in Figure 7, the thickness of the surface organic coating is greater than or equal to the thickness of the inner organic coating.

[0232] In some embodiments of this application, more layers of organic coating may also be included, as shown in FIG8. In the composite stack structure 1130 exemplified in FIG8, the composite stack structure 1130 includes a flexible glass layer 1 and an organic coating 2. The organic coating 2 may include organic coating 21, organic coating 22 and organic coating 23, which are stacked sequentially along the direction away from the flexible glass layer 1.

[0233] In some embodiments of this application, the elastic modulus of organic coating 23 is greater than that of organic coating 22, and the elastic modulus of organic coating 21 is greater than that of organic coating 22. In some examples, the elastic modulus of organic coating 23 is greater than that of organic coating 21, or the elastic modulus of organic coating 23 is equal to that of organic coating 21.

[0234] The thickness of organic coating 23 can be greater than the thickness of any other organic coating. For example, the thicknesses of organic coating 23, organic coating 22, and organic coating 21 gradually decrease.

[0235] As shown in Figure 9, Figure 9 illustrates the thickness versus strain curves of the organic coating. In Figure 9, A exemplarily illustrates the thickness versus strain curve of the organic coating 23 located on the surface layer in Figure 8, B exemplarily illustrates the thickness versus strain curve of the organic coating 22 located in the central layer in Figure 8, and C exemplarily illustrates the thickness versus strain curve of the organic coating 21 located in the inner layer in Figure 8. The horizontal axis in the figure represents the thickness, and the vertical axis represents the strain.

[0236] In Figure 9A, the strain of the surface organic coating 23 decreases with increasing thickness, thus better protecting the flexible glass layer and making it less prone to breakage. In Figure 9B, the strain of the central organic coating 22 first decreases and then increases with increasing thickness, indicating an optimal thickness in the central layer. In Figure 9C, the strain of the inner organic coating 21 decreases with increasing thickness, compared to the surface organic coating 23, where the strain decreases more slowly with increasing thickness. This suggests that the inner organic coating is less sensitive to thickness.

[0237] Figure 10 shows the thickness sensitivity of the organic coating 23 located on the surface, the organic coating 22 located in the center, and the organic coating 21 located in the inner layer, as given in the embodiments of this application. That is, the degree of strain response to thickness. As can be seen from Figure 10, the degree of strain response to thickness is greater for the organic coating located on the surface than for the organic coating located in the center, and greater for the organic coating located in the center than for the organic coating located in the inner layer.

[0238] In some embodiments of this application, the flexible glass layer 1 that can be applied in the composite stacked structure 1130 has a variety of implementation structures, and Figures 11, 12 and 13 below illustrate a variety of implementable structures.

[0239] As shown in Figure 11, in this example, the flexible glass layer 1 has a uniform thickness.

[0240] When the composite stacked structure 1130 is applied in a foldable electronic device, as shown in Figure 11, the flexible glass layer 1 includes a bending region Q1 corresponding to the pivot mechanism and non-bending regions Q2 located on both sides of the bending region Q1. The thickness of the bending region Q1 and the thickness of the non-bending region Q2 are equal. For example, the thickness of the bending region Q1 and the thickness of the non-bending region Q2 are both 30 μm to 100 μm.

[0241] As shown in Figure 12, in this example, the flexible glass layer 1 has an unequal thickness structure.

[0242] The flexible glass layer 1 includes a bending region Q1 corresponding to the rotating shaft mechanism and non-bending regions Q2 located on both sides of the bending region Q1. The thickness of the bending region Q1 is less than the thickness of the non-bending region Q2. For example, a groove can be formed on the side of the bending region Q1 away from the organic coating, so that the thickness of the bending region Q1 is less than the thickness of the non-bending region Q2, which can improve the bendability of the bending region Q1.

[0243] To enhance the strength of the bending region Q1, as shown in Figure 12, a filling layer 3 can be provided in the groove. For example, the filling layer 3 can be an adhesive layer, which can fill the groove or cover the surface of the non-bending region Q2 that is away from the organic coating 2.

[0244] The filler layer 3 can be made of at least one of the following polymer materials: silicone, acrylate, polyurethane, polyurethane-modified acrylate, epoxy resin, etc.

[0245] The elastic modulus of the filler layer 3 can be from 0.01 MPa to 200 MPa to ensure the bendability of the flexible glass layer.

[0246] In the example shown in Figure 12, the thickness of the non-bending regions Q2 located on both sides of the bending region Q1 can be equal. Either non-bending region Q2 is a structure of uniform thickness.

[0247] As shown in Figure 13, in this example, the flexible glass layer 1 can be a structure with unequal thickness.

[0248] The surface of the flexible glass layer 1 facing the organic coating 2 has a cavity, and the thickness of the flexible glass layer 1 gradually decreases from the bending region Q1 to the non-bending region Q2.

[0249] In some examples, as shown in Figure 13, the thickness of the non-bending region Q2 gradually decreases from the center to the edge of the flexible glass layer 1, while the bending region Q1 has a uniform thickness. In other examples, the thickness of the bending region Q1 also gradually decreases from the center to the edge of the flexible glass layer 1.

[0250] By employing the flexible glass layer 1 with a large slope shown in Figure 13, stress concentration is reduced, thereby improving the bendability and reliability of the flexible glass layer. For example, the impact reliability of the non-bending region Q2 is improved by more than 100%, and the impact reliability of the bending region Q1 is improved by more than 30%.

[0251] Figures 11 to 13 above are several examples of flexible glass layer 1. Of course, flexible glass layer 1 can also be other structures, which will not be listed here.

[0252] In the examples of Figures 11 to 13, the example shows a single organic coating layer; in other examples, multiple layers of stacked organic coating layers may be included.

[0253] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of a composite stacked structure 1130 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0254] The composite laminate structure 1130 includes a flexible glass layer 1, an organic coating on a first surface of the flexible glass layer 1, and an organic coating on a second surface of the flexible glass layer 1. The organic coating on the second surface can be referred to as the second organic coating 2A, and the organic coating on the first surface can be referred to as the first organic coating 2B.

[0255] Since both the first and second surfaces of the flexible glass layer 1 are coated with organic coatings, when the flexible glass layer breaks due to severe impact, squeezing, or drops while the user is using the foldable electronic device containing the cover, the second organic coating 2A on the second surface can effectively support the glass fragments, preventing them from injuring the user and providing effective protection. Furthermore, the first organic coating 2B on the first surface can also hold the broken glass, protecting the flexible display panel and preventing the light-emitting layer from being damaged by the broken glass, thus preventing bright spots or black spots from forming.

[0256] In some feasible preparation processes, dianhydride and diamine monomers can be prepolymerized into polyamic acid, which is then coated onto the second surface of the flexible glass layer 1 by methods such as slot coating or roller rolling. After heating to remove the solvent, the temperature is gradually increased to fully imidize it, forming the second organic coating layer 2A. The same process described above can be used to form the first organic coating 2B on the first surface of the flexible glass layer 1. The flexible glass layer 1 coated with the second organic coating layer 2A and the first organic coating layer 2B is then fixed to the flexible display panel 112 by the adhesive layer 114.

[0257] The elastic modulus of the first organic coating 2B is greater than or equal to 10 MPa, which can ensure the impact resistance of the first organic coating 2B. For example, the elastic modulus of the first organic coating 2B may be greater than 1.5 GPa and less than 5 GPa, or it may be greater than 1.0 GPa and less than 10 GPa.

[0258] In some display modules, the elastic modulus of the second organic coating 2A is greater than that of the first organic coating 2B. For example, the elastic modulus of the second organic coating 2A is 2 GPa and the elastic modulus of the first organic coating 2B is 1 GPa, or the elastic modulus of the second organic coating 2A is 3 GPa and the elastic modulus of the first organic coating 2B is 1.5 GPa.

[0259] Since the second organic coating 2A is close to the outer surface of the display module, when the elastic modulus of the second organic coating 2A is large, the impact resistance of the display module can be guaranteed. When the elastic modulus of the first organic coating 2B is small, it can protect the flexible display panel without affecting the bendability of the display module.

[0260] In some display modules, the elastic modulus of the second organic coating 2A may be less than or equal to the elastic modulus of the first organic coating 2B. For example, the elastic modulus of the second organic coating 2A is 5 GPa and the elastic modulus of the first organic coating 2B is 10 GPa, or the elastic modulus of the second organic coating 2A is 100 MPa and the elastic modulus of the first organic coating 2B is 1 GPa.

[0261] Since the second organic coating 2A is located above the flexible glass layer, it is easier to bend when a material with a lower modulus is selected. The first organic coating 2B has a larger elastic modulus, which can provide good support and protection for the glass. This ensures that the flexible glass layer is resistant to bending while also maintaining its impact resistance.

[0262] In some examples, the thickness of the first organic coating 2B is d2, where 3 μm ≤ d2 ≤ 100 μm.

[0263] To improve the bendability of the display module, the thickness d2 of the first organic coating 2B in the example of Figure 14 can be greater than, less than, or equal to the thickness d1 of the second organic coating 2A. For example, d1 can be 5 μm and d2 can be 8 μm; or d1 can be 10 μm and d2 can be 20 μm.

[0264] In order to improve the adhesion between the first organic coating 2B and the flexible display panel 112, as shown in Figure 6 above, in some preparation methods, before the first organic coating 2B is prepared, a primer liquid can be coated on the first surface of the flexible glass layer 1 to prepare a primer layer. The primer layer is used to form covalent bonds with the glass surface molecules to improve the bonding force between the first organic coating 2B and the flexible glass layer 1.

[0265] In some feasible structures, the first organic coating 2B can be a single layer, or it can be multiple layers.

[0266] In the case where the first organic coating 2B comprises multiple layers, the elastic moduli of adjacent layers may not be equal. For example, in two adjacent organic coating layers, the elastic modulus of the organic coating closer to the flexible glass layer 1 may be greater than, less than, or equal to the elastic modulus of the organic coating farther from the flexible glass layer 1. For example, the elastic modulus of the organic coating closer to the flexible glass layer is E1, and the elastic modulus of the organic coating farther from the flexible glass layer is E2. E1 and E2 are not equal; for example, 10 MPa ≤ E1 ≤ 100 GPa, 10 MPa ≤ E2 ≤ 100 GPa.

[0267] In the example of Figure 15, the second organic coating 2A can be a single layer and the first organic coating 2B can be multiple layers; or, in other examples, the second organic coating 2A can be multiple layers and the first organic coating 2B can be a single layer; or, the second organic coating 2A can be multiple layers and the first organic coating 2B can be multiple layers.

[0268] When both the second organic coating 2A and the first organic coating 2B are multilayered, the number of layers in the second organic coating 2A can be greater than the number of layers in the first organic coating 2B.

[0269] In the examples of Figures 14 and 15, the flexible glass layer 1 in the composite laminate structure 1130 can be any of the structures shown in Figures 11 to 13. Exemplarily, as shown in Figures 16 and 17, two structures of flexible glass layers 1 with unequal thicknesses are illustrated. In Figure 16, a first organic coating 2B is applied to the surface of the filler layer 3; in Figure 17, the first organic coating 2B is applied to the surface of the flexible glass layer 1.

[0270] To further improve the reliability of the flexible glass layer 1 and enhance its resistance to shattering at the edges, as shown in Figure 18, the composite laminate structure 1130 in the example of Figure 18 includes a flexible glass layer 1 and an organic coating 2. The organic coating 2 can be applied not only to the second or first surface of the flexible glass layer 1, but also to the side surface of the flexible glass layer 1. In this example, the side surface is the surface connected to the first surface. The organic coating 2 on the side surface and the organic coating on the first surface can be integrally molded, or the organic coating 2 on the side surface and the organic coating on the second surface can be integrally molded.

[0271] As shown in Figure 18, in the composite stacked structure 1130, an organic coating can be applied to the first surface and the side surface. The outer dimensions can be cut by laser cutting or die-cutting processes, such as cutting the organic coating on the side surface, so that the width of the organic coating on the side surface meets the requirements.

[0272] In some related technologies, in order to protect the side surface of the flexible glass layer 1, it is necessary to use a dispensing process to form an adhesive layer on the side surface of the flexible glass layer 1. However, in this application, when coating the surface of the flexible glass layer 1 with an organic coating, the side surface can be coated with an organic coating, which not only protects the side surface but also simplifies the preparation process.

[0273] In some structures, where the first and second surfaces of the flexible glass layer 1, as well as the side surfaces, are all covered with organic coatings, the organic coatings can be applied to the first surface and the side surfaces first, and the organic coatings on the side surfaces can be cut by laser cutting. Then, the organic coatings can be applied to the second surface and the side surfaces again. When cutting the shape again, the organic coatings that have been reapplied to the side surfaces can be completely cut off, or the organic coatings that have been reapplied to the side surfaces can be retained, so that the width of the organic coatings on the side surfaces meets the design dimensions.

[0274] In some examples, the thickness and outward dimensions of the organic coating on the first surface, i.e., the thickness and width of the organic coating on the side surface, can be adjusted by regulating the amount of adhesive dispensed from the coating head, such as a coating slit, micro-dip, or bar. For example, the width of the organic coating on the side surface can be greater than or equal to 0.01 mm, thereby effectively protecting the sides of the flexible glass layer.

[0275] Figures 19 and 20 illustrate the structures for protecting the sides of the flexible glass layer 1 when the flexible glass layer 1 has an unequal thickness structure, as exemplified in this application. In the composite laminate structure 1130 exemplified in Figure 19, the sides of the flexible glass layer 1 are coated with an organic coating 2, which protects the sides of the flexible glass layer 1. In the composite laminate structure 1130 exemplified in Figure 20, the sides of the flexible glass layer 1 have a filling layer 3, which protects the sides of the flexible glass layer 1.

[0276] In some foldable electronic devices, as shown in Figure 21, which illustrates a partial structural diagram of the device, the flexible display panel 112 includes a display area and a folding area. The display area includes a bent area and a non-bent area, and the folding area is bent to the back of the display area. For example, this folding area is used for the connection between the mainboard of the electronic device and the display driver integrated circuit (DDIC). The display driver integrated circuit (DDIC), as a crucial component of the display touch imaging system, integrates resistors, regulators, power transistors, and other components, and is responsible for driving the flexible display panel and controlling the drive current.

[0277] The folding area in Figure 21 can be bent along the edge of the display area. In some examples, to protect the flexible display panel 112, the housing may include an extension above the flexible display panel. For example, in Figure 21, the housing 100 includes an extension 100d1 extending above the edge of the flexible display panel 112. To protect the flexible display panel 112 and the flexible glass layer 1, the organic coating 2 can extend outwards below the extension 100d1. In this example, the width of the organic coating 2c extending outwards below the extension 100d1 is preferably greater than or equal to 0.3 mm, but is not mandatory. The organic coating of the extended portion can be of various types shown in Figures 18 to 20.

[0278] By utilizing the organic coating 2c extending below the extension portion 100d1, the flexible display panel can be protected, and the risk of the suspended flexible glass layer 1 breaking under pressure during drops or presses can be effectively avoided. In some examples, foam 100d2 can be provided below the extension portion 100d1, which can protect the organic coating 2c located below the extension portion 100d1.

[0279] In some display modules, a composite laminate structure 1130 comprising a flexible glass layer 1 and an organic coating 2 can be applied to the surface layer of the display module. In other display modules, additional functional layers can be disposed on the side of the organic coating 2 away from the flexible display panel 112.

[0280] For example, in the composite laminate structure 1130 illustrated in FIG. 22, the composite laminate structure 1130 may include a functional layer 7 on the side of the organic coating 2 facing away from the flexible glass layer 1. This functional layer 7 can serve as the surface layer of the composite laminate structure 1130. When the composite laminate structure 1130 is applied as a cover plate for a display module, it serves as the surface layer of the display module.

[0281] For example, functional layer 7 can be at least one of the following coatings: hard coating (HC), anti-reflective coating (AR), anti-glare coating (AG), and anti-fingerprint layer (AF).

[0282] In some preparation methods, an organic coating 2 can be coated on the surface and sides of a flexible glass layer 1 of unequal thickness. Then, the shape is cut by laser to make the size of the organic coating 2 meet the requirements. Then, the groove and the other surface of the flexible glass layer 1 are filled with adhesive to form a filling layer 3. Finally, a functional layer 7 is coated on the organic coating 2 to complete the preparation of the cover plate and protective film.

[0283] In the example shown in Figure 22, the organic coating 2 can be multilayered, with adjacent layers having unequal elastic moduli. In some manufacturing processes, a low-modulus organic coating can be applied to the surface and sides of a flexible glass layer 1 of unequal thickness, followed by a high-modulus organic coating; then, the shape is laser-cut to ensure the dimensions of the organic coating 2 meet the requirements; adhesive is then filled into the grooves and another surface of the flexible glass layer 1 to form a filling layer 3; finally, a functional layer 7 is applied to the organic coating 2 to complete the preparation of the cover plate and protective film.

[0284] In the example of Figure 22, the flexible glass layer 1 can be one of the various forms shown in Figures 18-19, and the side of the flexible glass layer 1 is coated with an organic coating 2; in other examples, the side may not be coated with an organic coating, or an organic coating may be coated on the surface of the flexible glass layer 1 facing the flexible display panel 112, and the number of layers of the upper and lower organic coatings may be single or multiple.

[0285] In the example of Figure 22, the functional layer 7 may include an anti-fingerprint layer AF. For example, the anti-fingerprint layer AF may be made of fluoropolymers, such as perfluoropolyether, perfluoropolyether siloxane, cage polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, etc. The molecular weight of the perfluoropolyether resin may be 1,000-50,000, and the molecular end groups have 2 to 3 active sites that react with the flexible glass. There are 1 to 2 active sites in the middle of the molecular chain that react and bind with adjacent anti-fingerprint layer AF molecules. The perfluoropolyether molecules may combine with organic layer molecules, or the perfluoropolyether molecules may combine with adjacent perfluoropolyether molecules to improve the wear resistance of the anti-fingerprint layer of the display module.

[0286] The water droplet angle of the anti-fingerprint layer AF can be from 90° to 160°, which can improve the anti-fouling performance of the display module.

[0287] In some other examples, functional layer 7 may include multiple layers, such as stacked anti-fingerprint layer AF and anti-reflective coating AR, with the anti-reflective coating AR being closer to the organic coating 2 than the anti-fingerprint layer AF.

[0288] Antireflective coatings (ARs) can comprise multiple stacked layers. In these multilayer ARs, adjacent layers have different refractive indices, with the higher-refractive-index layer positioned closer to the organic coating 2 compared to the lower-refractive-index layer. For example, an AR may include a first high-refractive-index layer and a first low-refractive-index layer, where the first high-refractive-index layer has a higher refractive index than the first low-refractive-index layer. The first high-refractive-index layer is stacked on top of the organic coating 2, and the first low-refractive-index layer is stacked on top of the first high-refractive-index layer. In other examples, ARs may include even more layers, such as four, six, or eight layers. In some processes, the AR can be fabricated using either a wet process or a dry process to reduce reflection.

[0289] In the composite laminate structure 1130 of this application, in some examples, an organic coating may be provided on the side of the flexible glass layer away from the flexible display panel, while no organic coating may be provided on the side of the flexible glass layer facing the flexible display panel; in other examples, an organic coating may be provided on the side of the flexible glass layer facing the flexible display panel, while no organic coating may be provided on the side of the flexible glass layer away from the flexible display panel; in still other examples, an organic coating may be provided on the side of the flexible glass layer facing the flexible display panel, and an organic coating may also be provided on the side of the flexible glass layer away from the flexible display panel.

[0290] When an organic coating is applied to the side of the flexible glass layer facing the flexible display panel, the organic coating may be one layer or multiple layers; when an organic coating is applied to the side of the flexible glass layer away from the flexible display panel, the organic coating may be one layer or multiple layers.

[0291] As shown in Figure 23, Figure 23 is a structural diagram of a composite stacked structure 1130 according to an embodiment of this application.

[0292] In this embodiment, the composite stacked structure 1130 includes a flexible glass layer 1 and an inorganic layer 4, with the inorganic layer 4 disposed on the surface of the flexible glass layer 1 facing away from the flexible display panel.

[0293] As shown in Figure 23, the flexible glass layer 1 has a first surface and a second surface, which are opposite to each other. The second surface is the surface of the flexible glass layer 1 that is away from the flexible display panel, and the first surface is the surface of the flexible glass layer 1 that is facing the flexible display panel. In this example, the inorganic layer 4 is located on the second surface. For example, the inorganic layer 4 can be in contact with the second surface. For example, the inorganic layer 4 can be formed on the second surface of the flexible glass layer 1 by sputtering process, such as physical vapor deposition process.

[0294] The flexible glass layer 1 can be made of ultra-thin glass (UTG). For example, the thickness of the flexible glass layer 1 can be less than or equal to 100 μm. A flexible glass layer 1 with a thickness of less than or equal to 100 μm can be used in the foldable display module as a uniform thickness to ensure the bending radius and meet bending requirements. The flexible glass layer 1 can also be in a non-uniform thickness form, with the difference between the minimum and maximum thickness areas being greater than or equal to 5 μm. Applying it to the display module in a non-uniform thickness form can better ensure a smaller bending radius and meet bending requirements.

[0295] Among the available materials, the inorganic layer includes at least one of the following: boron nitride, silicon nitride, titanium nitride, aluminum titanium nitride, silicon nitride, cubic boron nitride, silicon carbide, titanium carbide, zirconium carbide, tungsten carbide, titanium carbonitride, aluminum chromium nitride, diamond-like carbon (DLC), alumina, silicon oxide, zirconium oxide, chromium oxide, silicates, and tungstates.

[0296] In this embodiment, diamond-like carbon (DLC) can be understood as a metastable amorphous material containing diamond structure (sp3 bonds) and graphite structure (sp2 bonds), with carbon atoms mainly bonded by sp3 and sp2 hybrid bonds. Diamond-like carbon (DLC) is an amorphous film, which can be basically divided into two types: hydrogen-containing diamond-like carbon (aC:H) coatings and hydrogen-free diamond-like carbon coatings. Different properties can be obtained by adjusting the sp2 and sp3 bonds or by doping.

[0297] The Mohs hardness of the inorganic layer 4 in this application example can be greater than or equal to 1. For example, the Mohs hardness of the inorganic layer 4 can be greater than or equal to 3, or the Mohs hardness of the inorganic layer 4 can be greater than or equal to 5, or the Mohs hardness of the inorganic layer 4 can be greater than or equal to 6, or the Mohs hardness of the inorganic layer 4 can be greater than or equal to 7.

[0298] Since the inorganic layer 4 provided in this application has a Mohs hardness greater than or equal to 1, that is, the inorganic layer 4 has high hardness, it can improve the wear resistance of the display module. For example, the inorganic layer is made of diamond-like carbon (DLC). DLC not only has super wear resistance, but also has a low coefficient of friction, such as a coefficient of friction of 0.01 to 0.5.

[0299] Since this application allows for the fabrication of an inorganic layer 4 on the flexible glass layer 1 using processes such as sputtering, evaporation, coating, and spraying, a thinner inorganic layer 4 can be fabricated while ensuring the inorganic layer 4 protects the flexible glass layer 1. For example, the thickness of the inorganic layer 4 is less than or equal to 30 μm. This allows the display module to have high wear resistance while also ensuring its bendability. For instance, the crease depth of the display module can be optimized; for example, the crease depth can be optimized by more than 40%. The crease slope can also be optimized; for example, the crease slope can be optimized by more than 50%. Furthermore, the user experiences the tactile sensation of the inorganic layer and the glass substrate, enhancing the user experience.

[0300] In some embodiments, the thermal conductivity of the inorganic layer 4 can be ≥0.2w / (mk), such as 0.3w / (mk), 0.5w / (mk), 0.08w / (mk), 1.0w / (mk), or 1.3w / (mk), etc., so that when the user touches the display module, they feel a cool sensation, which improves the user's tactile experience.

[0301] Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of a composite stacked structure 1130 according to an embodiment of this application.

[0302] In this example, the composite stacked structure 1130 includes a flexible glass layer 1 and an inorganic layer 4. The inorganic layer 4 may include multiple layers, which are stacked along the thickness direction of the composite stacked structure 1130. For example, in FIG24, an example is shown that there are two inorganic layers, namely inorganic layer 41 and inorganic layer 42. The thickness direction of the composite stacked structure 1130 is the Z direction, and inorganic layer 41 and inorganic layer 42 are stacked sequentially on the flexible glass layer 1 along the Z direction.

[0303] In the example where inorganic layer 4 includes multiple layers, the material types of adjacent layers can be the same or different. The thicknesses of adjacent layers can be the same or different.

[0304] In some examples, inorganic layer 41 is closer to flexible glass layer 1 than inorganic layer 42. Inorganic layer 41 can serve as an inorganic transition layer, increasing the adhesion between inorganic layer 42 and flexible glass layer 1 and improving the connection strength of the composite laminate structure. For example, inorganic layer 41 can be silicon oxide, and inorganic layer 42 can be silicon nitride. Inorganic layer 42 serves as an inorganic reinforcing layer, and silicon oxide serves as a transition layer, resulting in stronger adhesion between silicon nitride and flexible glass.

[0305] For example, the hardness of the inorganic transition layer can be less than that of the inorganic reinforcing layer.

[0306] The thickness of the inorganic layer 41, which serves as a transition layer, can be greater than or less than the thickness of the inorganic layer 42. For example, if the inorganic layer 41 is silicon oxide and the inorganic layer 42 is silicon nitride, the thickness of the silicon oxide can be from 10 nm to 5000 nm, and the thickness of the silicon nitride can be from 10 nm to 5000 nm.

[0307] Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of a composite stacked structure 1130 according to an embodiment of this application.

[0308] The composite stacked structure 1130 includes a flexible glass layer 1 and an inorganic layer 4, as well as an organic reinforcing layer 9, which is stacked between the inorganic layer 4 and the flexible glass layer 1.

[0309] For example, the elastic modulus of the organic reinforcing layer 9 can be greater than or equal to 10 MPa. This organic reinforcing layer can be used to fill micro-defects on the glass surface, improving the glass's resistance to shattering.

[0310] In some examples, the thickness of the organic reinforcing layer 9 can be from 50 nm to 50 μm.

[0311] The organic reinforcing layer 9 can be made of at least one of the following materials: clear polyimide (CPI), polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS), polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PET), epoxy resin, polyurea containing dynamic reversible chemical bonds, polyurethane, modified polydimethylsiloxane, polymers containing disulfide bonds, self-healing coatings such as polycaprolactone, acrylate, polyurethane-modified acrylate, silicone resin, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, nylon, polyoxymethylene resin, transparent composite fibers (such as glass fiber, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, etc.), silicone rubber, thermoplastic elastomer, and other transparent materials.

[0312] In some examples, when the composite laminate structure 1130 does not have an organic reinforcing layer 9, the Mohs hardness of the inorganic layer is greater than or equal to 3; in other examples, when the composite laminate structure has an organic reinforcing layer 9, the Mohs hardness of the inorganic layer is greater than or equal to 1.

[0313] Figure 26 is a schematic diagram of a composite stacked structure 1130 according to an embodiment of this application.

[0314] The composite laminate structure 1130 includes a flexible glass layer 1, an inorganic layer 4, and an organic coating 5. The inorganic layer 4 is disposed on the second surface of the flexible glass layer 1, and the organic coating 5 is disposed on the first surface of the flexible glass layer 1.

[0315] In the composite laminate structure 1130 of this application example, the elastic modulus of the organic coating 5 is greater than or equal to 10 MPa. For example, the elastic modulus of the organic coating 5 may be greater than 2 GPa and less than 5 GPa, or it may be greater than 2 GPa and less than 10 GPa.

[0316] By applying an organic coating 5 to the side of the flexible glass layer 1 facing the flexible display panel, the impact and compression resistance of the cover plate can be improved. When a user uses a foldable electronic device containing this cover plate, and the flexible glass layer breaks due to severe impact, compression, or drop, the organic coating 5 can also catch the broken glass, protecting the flexible display panel and preventing the light-emitting layer from being damaged by broken glass, thus preventing the formation of bright spots or black spots. This significantly improves the impact and compression resistance of the display module and the explosion-proof capability after the UTG breaks, enhancing the user experience and the module's crease resistance.

[0317] In some examples, the elongation at break of the organic coating 5 of this application is greater than or equal to 1%. Exemplarily, the elongation at break may be greater than 5% and less than 10%, or the elongation at break may be greater than 5% and less than 20%.

[0318] When the elongation at break of the organic coating 5 is greater than or equal to 1%, the bending force of the organic coating 5 can be guaranteed, and the organic coating 5 can be prevented from breaking.

[0319] Among the selectable materials, the organic coating 5 can be selected from at least one of the following transparent materials: clear polyimide (CPI), polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS), polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PET), epoxy resin, self-healing coatings containing dynamic reversible chemical bonds such as polyurea / polyurethane / modified polydimethylsiloxane / polymers containing disulfide bonds / polycaprolactone, acrylate, polyurethane-modified acrylate, silicone resin, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, nylon, polyoxymethylene resin, transparent composite fibers (such as glass fiber, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, etc.), silicone rubber, thermoplastic elastomer, etc.

[0320] Among the available preparation processes, materials with good glass affinity or poor glass affinity can be selected. For example, materials with poor glass affinity can be selected from at least one of the following: cage-like polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, epoxy resin, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate, silicone rubber, nylon, polyoxymethylene resin, and composite fiber. In this case, the flexible glass layer 1 can be placed on a soft substrate, the surface of the flexible glass layer 1 can be cleaned, and then... A primer is applied, for example, the primer can be at least one of silane coupling agents, acrylates, etc., and the primer is allowed to react at a certain temperature and time. Then, a precursor liquid with a certain viscosity is applied to the surface of the flexible glass layer 1. The precursor liquid can be at least one of cage polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, polycarbonate, silicone rubber, etc. The solvent of the precursor liquid is allowed to evaporate completely at a certain temperature and time. Then, the precursor liquid is cured by heating or UV irradiation, thereby forming an organic coating 5 on the surface of the flexible glass layer 1.

[0321] The composite laminate structure 1130 prepared by the above method includes a flexible glass layer 1 and an organic coating 5; wherein the flexible glass layer 1 includes a glass substrate layer and a base coating layer located on the glass substrate layer, and the organic coating 5 is coated on the surface of the base coating layer.

[0322] As described above, for example, when an organic coating 5 is prepared using a material with poor affinity for glass, a primer can be applied to the surface of the flexible glass layer 1 before preparing the organic coating 5. This primer can bond with the molecules on the surface of the flexible glass layer 1 to form covalent bonds, thus forming a primer layer on the surface of the flexible glass layer 1. After preparing the organic coating 5 with poor affinity, the primer layer can be used to improve the bonding force between the organic coating 5 and the flexible glass layer 1.

[0323] Figure 27 is a schematic diagram of a composite stacked structure 1130 according to an example of this application.

[0324] In this example, the composite stacked structure 1130 includes a flexible glass layer 1, an inorganic layer 4, and an organic coating 5. The inorganic layer 4 is disposed on the second surface of the flexible glass layer 1, and the organic coating 5 is disposed on the first surface of the flexible glass layer 1. The organic coating 5 can be multilayered, with multiple organic coatings stacked along the thickness direction of the composite stacked structure 1130. For example, in Figure 27, an example is shown with two organic coatings, namely organic coating 51 and organic coating 52. The thickness direction of the composite stacked structure 1130 is the Z-direction, so organic coating 51 and organic coating 52 are sequentially stacked on the flexible glass layer 1 along the Z-direction.

[0325] When the organic coating 5 comprises multiple layers, the elastic moduli of adjacent organic coating layers are not equal. For example, in Figure 26, organic coating 51 is closer to the flexible glass layer 1 than organic coating 52, wherein the elastic modulus of organic coating 51 can be less than, greater than, or equal to the elastic modulus of organic coating 52. When the modulus of organic coating 51 is less than that of organic coating 52, organic coating 51 with a smaller elastic modulus can serve as a buffer layer or an impact-resistant layer, while organic coating 52 with a larger elastic modulus can serve as an explosion-proof layer.

[0326] For example, in some composite laminated structures 1130, the elastic modulus of organic coating 51 may be from 10 MPa to 100 GPa, and the elastic modulus of organic coating 52 may be greater than or equal to 10 MPa. In some examples, the elastic modulus of organic coating 51 may be from 100 kPa to 200 MPa, and the elastic modulus of organic coating 52 may be from 400 MPa to 15 GPa.

[0327] When the organic coating 5 comprises multiple layers, the thicknesses of adjacent organic coating layers may be unequal, or they may be equal. For example, in FIG27, the thickness of organic coating 51 may be from 1 μm to 50 μm, and the thickness of organic coating 52 may be from 1 μm to 50 μm.

[0328] In some implementations, the material types of adjacent organic coating layers can be the same or different. By selecting the same or different materials that can be chemically cross-linked, and utilizing interfacial adhesion, the thickness of the cover plate can be reduced without the need for adhesive layers or other bonding materials.

[0329] Among the available materials, organic coating 51 or organic coating 52 may be selected from one or a combination of two of the following: clear polyimide (CPI), polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS), polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PET), epoxy resin, self-healing coatings containing dynamic reversible chemical bonds such as polyurea / polyurethane / modified polydimethylsiloxane / polymers containing disulfide bonds / polycaprolactone, acrylate, polyurethane-modified acrylate, silicone resin, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, nylon, polyoxymethylene resin, transparent composite fibers (such as glass fiber, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, etc.), silicone rubber, thermoplastic elastomer, etc.

[0330] To further improve the reliability of the flexible glass layer 1 and enhance its resistance to shattering at the edges, as shown in Figure 28, an organic coating 5 can be applied not only to the surface of the flexible glass layer 1 facing the flexible display panel, but also to the sides of the flexible glass layer 1. In this example, the side surface is the surface connected to the second surface. The organic coating 5 on the side surface and the organic coating on the first surface can be integrally molded.

[0331] When the organic coating 5 comprises multiple layers, as shown in Figure 29, the organic coating 51 can be coated on the first surface of the flexible glass layer 1 and on the side surface of the flexible glass layer 1, while the organic coating 52 is coated on the surface of the organic coating 51 facing away from the flexible glass layer 1. That is, the side surface of the flexible glass layer 1 is protected by an organic coating close to the flexible glass layer 1.

[0332] In some processes, dianhydride and diamine monomers can be prepolymerized into polyamic acid, which is then coated onto the surface of organic coating 51 using a die-type, slit-type, or roller-rolling method. After the solvent is removed by heating, the temperature is gradually increased to fully imidize it, forming organic coating 52. The coating can be applied outwards, and after imidization, the outer dimensions of organic coating 52 are cut using a laser.

[0333] An organic coating is provided on one side of the flexible glass layer 1. This organic coating can fill micro-defects on the glass surface. On the other hand, the organic coating can expand outward to cover the outside of the glass, thereby increasing the failure threshold of the glass under bending, impact and extrusion. Furthermore, the organic coating generates an internal stress when it is cured, which increases the internal stress value of the glass substrate near the panel side, and also increases the failure threshold of the glass, so that the protective film can be removed for use.

[0334] In some examples of the composite stacked structure 1130, a single flexible glass layer may be included; alternatively, in other display modules, multiple flexible glass layers may be included. For example, FIG30 is a schematic diagram of a composite stacked structure 1130 according to an embodiment of this application. In this example, the composite stacked structure 1130 includes at least two flexible glass layers, which can be stacked along the thickness direction of the composite stacked structure 1130. Adjacent flexible glass layers can be connected by a connecting layer 6. For example, FIG30 includes a first flexible glass layer 11 and a second flexible glass layer 12, with a connecting layer 6 between the first flexible glass layer 11 and the second flexible glass layer 12.

[0335] In some usage scenarios, when a foldable electronic device containing this cover plate experiences severe impact, compression, or drop that causes one or more flexible glass layers to shatter, the connecting layer 6 firmly bonds the flexible glass layers on both sides, forming an explosion-proof network to prevent glass shards from injuring people. Furthermore, it can further enhance the overall impact and compression resistance of the display module, significantly improving its reliability.

[0336] In some display modules, the thicknesses of two adjacent flexible glass layers may not be equal. For example, in Figure 30, since the second flexible glass layer 12 is closer to the outside of the display module than the first flexible glass layer 11, the thickness of the second flexible glass layer 12 can be greater than that of the first flexible glass layer, but the thickness is not mandatory.

[0337] For example, the thickness of the second flexible glass layer 12 can be from 10 μm to 100 μm; the thickness of the first flexible glass layer 11 can be from 10 μm to 100 μm.

[0338] In some examples, the connecting layer 6 can be made of inorganic materials or organic materials. For example, the connecting layer 6 in the example of Figure 30 can be made of the material selected from the organic coating 5. For example, it can be one or a combination of two of the following: clear polyimide (CPI), polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS), polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PET), epoxy resin, self-healing coatings such as polyurea / polyurethane / modified polydimethylsiloxane / disulfide polymers / polycaprolactone, acrylate, polyurethane-modified acrylate, silicone resin, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, nylon, polyoxymethylene resin, transparent composite fibers (such as glass fiber, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, etc.), silicone rubber, thermoplastic elastomer, etc. Alternatively, it can be one or a combination of two of the following: polyimide, polyurethane acrylate, etc.

[0339] Figures 31 and 32 are structural diagrams of two other composite stacked structures 1130 provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0340] In these examples, in order to protect the sides of multiple flexible glass layers, an organic coating 5 can be provided on the side of each flexible glass layer. The organic coating can be obtained by a coating process or by a hot pressing process.

[0341] For example, taking hot melt adhesive as an example, a layer of thermoplastic elastomer hot melt adhesive can be added between two flexible glass layers, and then bonded together by rollers or vacuum. While maintaining pressure, the temperature is increased to make them bond together. The hot melt adhesive can wrap around the two flexible glass layers to form a certain degree of protection.

[0342] In the composite laminate structure 1130 illustrated in Figure 31, an organic coating 501 can be provided between the first flexible glass layer 11 and the second flexible glass layer 12, and an organic coating 503 can be provided on the side of the first flexible glass layer 11 and an organic coating 502 can be provided on the side of the second flexible glass layer 12.

[0343] In the composite laminate structure 1130 illustrated in Figure 32, an organic coating 501 can be provided between the first flexible glass layer 11 and the second flexible glass layer 12. An organic coating 503 can also be provided on the side of the first flexible glass layer 11, an organic coating 502 can be provided on the side of the second flexible glass layer 12, and an organic coating 504 can also be provided on the surface of the first flexible glass layer 11 away from the second flexible glass layer 12.

[0344] In the examples of Figures 31 and 32, by covering the sides of the flexible glass layer with the organic coating 5, the flexible glass layers on both sides can be firmly bonded together to form an explosion-proof network, preventing glass shards from injuring people.

[0345] Figure 33 is a schematic diagram of a composite stacked structure 1130 according to an embodiment of this application.

[0346] In this embodiment, the composite laminate structure 1130 includes a flexible glass layer 1 and an inorganic layer 4, and may also include a functional layer 7 disposed on the inorganic layer 4. Exemplarily, the functional layer 7 may be a functional film layer; for example, the surface of the protective film may be at least one or more layers of coatings such as a hard coating (HC), an anti-reflective coating (AR), an anti-glare coating (AG), or an anti-fingerprint layer (AF).

[0347] In some display modules, functional layer 7 may include an anti-fingerprint layer AF. For example, the anti-fingerprint layer AF may be made of fluorine-containing or silicon-containing polymers, such as perfluoropolyether, perfluoropolyether siloxane, or cage-like polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane resins. The perfluoropolyether resin may have a molecular weight of 1,000-50,000, and its end groups have 2 to 3 active sites that react with flexible glass. The molecular chain also has 1 to 2 active sites that react and bind with adjacent anti-fingerprint layer AF molecules. The perfluoropolyether molecules may combine with inorganic layer molecules, or with adjacent perfluoropolyether molecules, thereby improving the wear resistance of the display module. For example, this could increase the eraser wear resistance of the display module to over 20,000 cycles.

[0348] The water droplet angle of the anti-fingerprint layer (AF) can be from 90° to 160°, which can improve the anti-smudge performance of the display module. In addition, it can also optimize fingernail prints; for example, the fingerprint depth can be reduced from 4.5µm to 0µm.

[0349] In some examples, the thickness of the anti-fingerprint layer AF can be from 5 nm to 5 μm.

[0350] The composite stacked structure 1130 in Figure 33 also includes an organic coating, which can be multiple layers in this example, including organic coating 51 and organic coating 52.

[0351] Figure 34 is a schematic diagram of a composite stacked structure 1130 according to an embodiment of this application.

[0352] In this composite stacked structure 1130, the functional layers may include multiple layers. This example includes a stacked anti-fingerprint layer AF and an anti-reflective coating AR. The anti-reflective coating AR is closer to the inorganic layer 4 than the anti-fingerprint layer AF. Because this example uses the anti-reflective coating AR, the reflectivity of the display module can be significantly reduced, for example, the reflectivity can be reduced to 2%. The reflectivity of the display module is significantly optimized, and the user experience is better under strong light.

[0353] In some examples, perfluoropolyether siloxane is used as the material to prepare the anti-fingerprint layer AF. It is applied by wet coating or organic vapor deposition process to achieve high abrasion resistance and anti-reflection, which reduces the reflectivity of the display module from 6% to 2%.

[0354] In some examples, the antireflective coating (AR) may comprise multiple stacked layers, in which adjacent layers have different refractive indices. The AR with a higher refractive index is positioned closer to the inorganic layer 4 than the AR with a lower refractive index. For example, the AR may include a first high-refractive-index layer and a first low-refractive-index layer, where the refractive index of the first high-refractive-index layer is greater than that of the first low-refractive-index layer. The first high-refractive-index layer is stacked on the inorganic layer 4, and the first low-refractive-index layer is stacked on top of the first high-refractive-index layer.

[0355] In other examples, more layers of antireflective and anti-reflective coatings (AR) may be included, such as four, six, or eight layers.

[0356] The materials that can be selected for antireflective coatings (AR) are varied. For example, an antireflective coating with a high refractive index can be selected from at least one of Nb2O5, ZrO2, Al2O3, TiO2, Ta2O5, SiNx, or a resin composite containing the aforementioned inorganic materials. An antireflective coating with a low refractive index can be selected from SiO2 or a resin composite containing the aforementioned inorganic materials.

[0357] In some processes, antireflective coatings (AR) can be prepared using either a wet process or a dry process to reduce reflection.

[0358] Figure 35 is a structural schematic diagram of another composite stacked structure 1130 given in an embodiment of this application.

[0359] In this example, the composite stacked structure 1130 includes a flexible glass layer 1 and an inorganic layer 4, and may also include a functional layer 7 disposed on the inorganic layer 4. The functional layer 7 includes multiple layers, for example including an anti-reflective coating AR, an anti-fingerprint layer AF, and an anti-glare coating AG; the anti-glare coating AG may be disposed on the surface layer, and the anti-fingerprint layer AF and the anti-reflective coating AR are located between the anti-glare coating AG and the inorganic layer 4.

[0360] In some implementations, the anti-glare coating AG is an uneven, uniform or non-uniform surface morphology formed on the glass surface by glass chemical etching or organic coating imprinting.

[0361] Figure 36 is a schematic diagram of a composite stacked structure 1130 according to an embodiment of this application.

[0362] In this example, the composite stacked structure 1130 includes a flexible glass layer 1 and an inorganic layer 4, and may also include functional layers disposed on the inorganic layer 4. The functional layers may include multiple layers, for example, an anti-fingerprint layer AF and an anti-reflective coating AR, and may also include multiple organic coatings, for example, organic coating 51 and organic coating 52. In addition, an adhesive layer 8 may also be included.

[0363] The thickness of the adhesive layer 8 in this application example can be from 5 μm to 100 μm. The adhesive layer 8 can be selected from optical pressure-sensitive adhesive (OCA), or it can be an adhesive layer of other materials.

[0364] Figure 37 is a schematic diagram of a composite stacked structure 1130 according to an embodiment of this application.

[0365] In this example, the composite laminate structure 1130 includes a flexible glass layer 1, an inorganic layer 4 disposed on one side of the flexible glass layer 1, and may also include an organic coating 5 disposed on the other side of the flexible glass layer 1. In addition, it may also include an impact-resistant layer 10 disposed on the side of the organic coating 5 away from the flexible glass layer 1.

[0366] In some display modules, the impact-resistant layer 10 can be connected to the flexible display panel 112 through an adhesive layer. The impact-resistant layer 116 and the adhesive layer can further enhance the protection of the flexible display panel and improve the flexibility of the flexible display panel to prevent defects such as cracks and bright spots.

[0367] Among the available materials, the impact layer can be selected from at least one of the following: UTG, PET, CPI, TPU, GPU, transparent composite fibers (such as glass fiber, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, etc.), PA, PC, PMMA, silicone, acrylate, polyurethane modified acrylic resin, polyurea containing dynamic reversible chemical bonds, polyurethane, modified polydimethylsiloxane, polymers containing disulfide bonds, polycaprolactone, and other self-healing coatings.

[0368] Figure 38 is a schematic diagram of a composite stacked structure 1130 according to an embodiment of this application.

[0369] In this example, the composite laminate structure 1130 includes a flexible glass layer 1, an organic coating 2 disposed on one side of the flexible glass layer 1, and may also include an ink layer 11, which is disposed around the edge of the flexible glass layer 1 and is opaque.

[0370] In some examples, the composite laminate structure 1130 is incorporated into the display module as a cover plate, for example, disposed on the display surface side of the flexible display panel 112 of the display module. In other examples, the composite laminate structure 1130 can serve as a protective film disposed on the cover plate.

[0371] In some examples, the ink layer 11 may also be disposed in the composite stack structure of any of the above embodiments, which will not be exemplified here.

[0372] In this application example, the flexible glass layer 2, which can be applied to the composite stacked structure 1130 containing the inorganic layer 4, has various implementation structures, as illustrated in Figures 39, 40, and 41 below. The thickness of the flexible glass layer 1 can be less than or equal to 100 μm. A flexible glass layer 1 with a thickness less than or equal to 100 μm can be used in a foldable display module as a uniform thickness to ensure a bending radius and meet bending requirements. Alternatively, the flexible glass layer 1 can have a non-uniform thickness, with a difference between the minimum and maximum thickness regions greater than or equal to 5 μm. Using a non-uniform thickness in the display module can better ensure a smaller bending radius and meet bending requirements.

[0373] As shown in Figure 39, in this example, the flexible glass layer 1 can be a structure of uniform thickness.

[0374] This can be understood as follows: When the cover plate 113 is applied in a foldable electronic device, as shown in FIG39, the flexible glass layer 1 includes a bending region Q1 corresponding to the pivot mechanism and a non-bending region Q2 located on both sides of the bending region Q1. The thickness of the bending region Q1 and the thickness of the non-bending region Q2 are equal. For example, the thickness of the bending region Q1 and the thickness of the non-bending region Q2 are both 10 to 300 μm.

[0375] As shown in Figure 40, in this example, the flexible glass layer 1 can be a structure with unequal thickness.

[0376] The flexible glass layer 1 includes a bending region Q1 corresponding to the rotating shaft mechanism and non-bending regions Q2 located on both sides of the bending region Q1. The thickness of the bending region Q1 is less than the thickness of the non-bending region Q2. For example, a groove can be formed on the side of the bending region Q1 away from the organic coating, so that the thickness of the bending region Q1 is less than the thickness of the non-bending region Q2, which can improve the bendability of the bending region Q1. To improve the strength of the bending region Q1, as shown in FIG40, a filling layer 3 can be provided in the groove. For example, the filling layer 3 can be an adhesive layer, which can fill the groove or cover the surface of the non-bending region Q2 away from the inorganic layer 4.

[0377] The filler layer 3 may be made of at least one of the following polymer materials: silicone resin, acrylate, polyurethane, polyurethane-modified acrylate, epoxy resin, etc.

[0378] The elastic modulus of the filler layer 3 can be from 0.01 MPa to 10000 MPa to ensure the bendability of the flexible glass layer.

[0379] In some examples, when an organic coating is applied to the side of the flexible glass layer away from the inorganic layer, the organic coating can fill the groove.

[0380] In the example shown in Figure 40, the thickness of the non-bending regions Q2 located on both sides of the bending region Q1 can be equal. Either non-bending region Q2 is a structure of uniform thickness.

[0381] As shown in Figure 41, in this example, the flexible glass layer 1 can be a structure with unequal thickness.

[0382] The surface of the flexible glass layer 1 facing the inorganic layer 4 has a cavity, and the thickness of the flexible glass layer 1 gradually decreases from the bending region Q1 to the non-bending region Q2.

[0383] In some examples, as shown in Figure 41, the thickness of the non-bending region Q2 gradually decreases from the center to the edge of the flexible glass layer 1, while the bending region Q1 has a uniform thickness. In other examples, the thickness of the bending region Q1 also gradually decreases from the center to the edge of the flexible glass layer 1.

[0384] By employing the flexible glass layer 1 with a large slope shown in Figure 41, stress concentration is reduced, thereby improving the bendability and reliability of the flexible glass layer. For example, the impact reliability of the non-bending region Q2 is improved by more than 100%, and the impact reliability of the bending region Q1 is improved by more than 30%.

[0385] In the composite laminate structure 1130 of this application, in some examples, an inorganic layer may be provided on the side of the flexible glass layer away from the display panel, and an organic coating may be provided on the side of the flexible glass layer facing the display panel; in other examples, an inorganic layer may not be provided on the side of the flexible glass layer away from the display panel, and an organic coating may be provided on the side of the flexible glass layer facing the display panel; in still other examples, an inorganic layer may be provided on the side of the flexible glass layer away from the display panel, and an organic coating may not be provided on the side of the flexible glass layer facing the display panel.

[0386] When an organic coating is applied to the side of the flexible glass layer facing the display panel, the organic coating may be one layer or multiple layers; when an inorganic layer is applied to the side of the flexible glass layer away from the display panel, the inorganic layer may be one layer or multiple layers.

[0387] The composite stacked structure 1130 of this application example can be used as a cover plate for a display module, and the composite stacked structure 1130 can be disposed on the flexible display panel 112.

[0388] As shown in Figure 42, Figure 42 is a structural diagram of a display module 11 according to an embodiment of this application.

[0389] The display module 11 includes any of the composite stacked structures 1130 described above. The composite stacked structure 1130 can be used as a cover plate and disposed on the flexible display panel 112. For example, it can be disposed on the flexible display panel 112 by means of an adhesive layer 114. The flexible display panel 112 is disposed on the support plate 111.

[0390] In other examples, the composite stacked structure 1130 can serve as a protective film, and the composite stacked structure 1130 can be disposed on the display module 11 as a protective film.

[0391] As shown in Figure 43, Figure 43 is a structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of this application.

[0392] This example electronic device includes a composite laminate structure 1130 and a display module 11, whereby the composite laminate structure 1130 can serve as a protective film for the electronic device. The composite laminate structure 1130 can be disposed on the display module 11 as a protective film. In some examples, as shown in FIG43, the display module 11 may include a support plate 111, a flexible display panel 112, and a cover plate 113. The composite laminate structure 1130 is disposed on the side of the cover plate 113 facing away from the flexible display panel 112. This example does not specifically limit the structure of the cover plate 113.

[0393] Figure 44 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display module 11 according to an example of this application.

[0394] The example display module 11 includes a support plate 111, a flexible display panel 112, and a cover plate 113. The composite stacked structure in any of the above implementations can serve as the cover plate. In the example, the composite stacked structure is connected to the flexible display panel 112 through an adhesive layer 115.

[0395] The display module 11 in this example also includes a back film 112b. The flexible display panel 112 is connected to the back film 112b through an adhesive layer 112a, and the back film 112b can be connected to the support plate 111 through an adhesive layer 1111.

[0396] The material of the backing film 112b can be at least one of the following: polymer materials (such as PI, PET, PEN, PMMA, PC, PA, UHMWPE), composite fibers (such as carbon fiber, glass fiber), ceramics, glass, metals (such as stainless steel, copper alloy, Ti alloy, aluminum alloy).

[0397] The backsheet 112b can be a single-layer or multi-layer structure.

[0398] In some examples, the modulus of the backsheet 112b can be between 1 GPa and 500 GPa. For example, the modulus of the material of the backsheet 112b is 10 GPa, 50 GPa, 100 GPa, 150 GPa, 200 GPa, 250 GPa, 300 GPa, 350 GPa, 400 GPa, 450 GPa, or 500 GPa. After the display module 10 changes from a folded state to an unfolded state, the high-modulus backsheet 112b can fully or almost fully return to its initial state.

[0399] In some structures, as shown in Figure 44, the support plate 111 is a uniform thickness structure. When the display module is used in foldable electronic devices, bamboo book holes 1110 can be opened at the position of the support plate 111 corresponding to the bending area to reduce the stress during bending.

[0400] Figure 45 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display module 11 according to an example of this application.

[0401] The example display module 11 includes a support plate 111, a flexible display panel 112, and a cover plate 113. The composite stacked structure in any of the above implementations can serve as the cover plate. For example, the composite stacked structure can be connected to the flexible display panel 112 through an adhesive layer 115.

[0402] The display module 11 in this example also includes a back film 112b. The flexible display panel 112 is connected to the back film 112b through an adhesive layer 112a, and the back film 112b can be connected to the support plate 111 through an adhesive layer 1111.

[0403] The support plate 111 in this example can be of unequal thickness. The support plate 111 can be thinned at the position corresponding to the bending area. For example, a groove 1112 can be formed at the position corresponding to the bending area of ​​the support plate 111 to reduce the stress during bending.

[0404] Figure 46 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display module 11 according to an example of this application.

[0405] The display module 11 in this example includes a support plate 111, a flexible display panel 112, and a cover plate 113. The composite stacked structure in any of the above implementations can serve as the cover plate.

[0406] Compared to the example in Figure 45 above, in the example in Figure 46, the back film 112b can be removed, and the flexible display panel 112 is connected to the support plate 111 through the adhesive layer 112a.

[0407] The support plate 111 in this example can be of unequal thickness. The support plate 111 can be thinned at the position corresponding to the bending area. For example, a groove 1112 can be formed at the position corresponding to the bending area of ​​the support plate 111 to reduce the stress during bending.

[0408] The unequal thickness support plate 111 shown in Figures 45 and 46, compared with Figure 44 above, does not have a bamboo-book hole 1110 at the position corresponding to the bending area. The thickness of the large surface area on both sides (which can be understood as the area corresponding to the non-bending area) can be increased, for example, to more than 100um, such as 150um, 200um, 250um, etc. The increase in the thickness of the large surface area can improve the rigidity of the display module in the large surface area, improve the reliability performance of extrusion, impact and drop, and improve the light and shadow effect of the large surface area. The solution of no hole in the bending area can improve the light and shadow effect of the bending area, and is not limited by the thickness of the thicker part of the large surface area, and can maintain the original bending characteristics.

[0409] Figure 47 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display module 11 according to an example of this application.

[0410] The display module 11 in this example includes a support plate 111, a flexible display panel 112, and a cover plate 113. The cover plate 113 is disposed on one side of the display surface of the flexible display panel 112, and the support plate 111 is disposed on the side of the flexible display panel 112 opposite to the display surface.

[0411] The support plate 111 may include a flexible glass layer 1 and an impact-resistant layer 10, which are stacked along the thickness direction of the display module. This can be understood as the structure including the flexible glass layer 1 and the impact-resistant layer 10 serving as the support layer structure for the display module.

[0412] In some examples, a support plate 111 comprising a flexible glass layer 1 and an impact-resistant layer 10 may be disposed on the back of the flexible display panel 112 via an adhesive layer 8.

[0413] In some implementation structures, the elastic modulus of the impact-resistant layer 10 is E5, where 1MPa≤E5≤10GPa, for example, 50MPa≤E5≤10GPa, 100MPa≤E5≤10GPa, or 100MPa≤E5≤8GPa. The combination of the impact-resistant layer with this elastic modulus and the flexible glass layer can ensure the bendability of the support plate 111.

[0414] Among the available materials, the impact layer 10 can be selected from at least one of the following: UTG, PET, CPI, TPU, GPU, transparent composite fibers (such as glass fiber, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, etc.), PA, PC, PMMA, silicone, acrylate, polyurethane modified acrylic resin, polyurea containing dynamic reversible chemical bonds, polyurethane, modified polydimethylsiloxane, polymers containing disulfide bonds, polycaprolactone, and other self-healing coatings.

[0415] When a flexible glass layer 1 and an impact-resistant layer 10 are used as the support plate structure of the display module, the flexible glass layer 1 experiences less creep. Compared with a carbon fiber plate structure, this can improve the crease precision of the module and enhance the performance of the display module. In some application scenarios, when the flexible glass layer 1 breaks, the impact-resistant layer 10 can protect the broken flexible glass layer 1, improving the reliability of the support plate and thus enhancing the reliability of the display module.

[0416] Figure 48 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display module 11 according to an example of this application.

[0417] In this example, the impact-resistant layer 10 covers the entire surface of the flexible glass layer 1. That is, the surface of the flexible glass layer 1 opposite to the flexible display panel 112, as well as the side connected to the surface, all have the impact-resistant layer 10.

[0418] This can be understood as follows: the side of the flexible glass layer 1 is also covered by the impact-resistant layer 10, which can further protect the flexible glass layer 1 and prevent the broken flexible glass layer 1 from damaging the flexible display panel.

[0419] Figure 49 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display module 11 according to an example of this application.

[0420] In this example, the support plate 111 of the display module 11 also includes an organic coating 2; the flexible glass layer 1, the impact-resistant layer 10 and the organic coating 2 are stacked along the thickness direction of the display module.

[0421] In the example of Figure 49, the surface of the flexible glass layer 1 opposite to the flexible display panel 112, as well as the side connected to the surface, both have an impact-resistant layer 10.

[0422] The support plate 111 includes a flexible glass layer 1, an impact-resistant layer 10, and an organic coating 2. The flexible glass layer 1, the impact-resistant layer 10, and the organic coating 2 can be arranged in various ways, as shown in Figures 49, 50, 51, and 52.

[0423] In the example of Figure 49, the flexible glass layer 1, the impact-resistant layer 10, and the organic coating 2 are arranged sequentially along the direction away from the flexible display panel 112.

[0424] In the example of Figure 50, the impact-resistant layer 10, the flexible glass layer 1, and the organic coating 2 are arranged sequentially along the direction away from the flexible display panel 112.

[0425] In the example of Figure 51, the organic coating 2, the flexible glass layer 1, and the impact-resistant layer 10 are arranged sequentially along the direction away from the flexible display panel 112.

[0426] In the example of Figure 52, the organic coating 2, the impact-resistant layer 10, and the flexible glass layer 1 are arranged sequentially along the direction away from the flexible display panel 112.

[0427] In the examples of Figures 49, 50, 51 and 52, the surface of the flexible glass layer 1 facing the flexible display panel 112, as well as the side connected to the surface, both have an impact-resistant layer 10.

[0428] In some structures, the flexible glass layer 1 in the support plate 113 can be of uniform thickness, as illustrated in Figures 47 to 52. For example, the thickness of the flexible glass layer 1 can be from 20 μm to 70 μm.

[0429] In other structures, the flexible glass layer 1 can be of unequal thickness, as shown in Figures 53 and 54. When the support plate 113 is used in a foldable electronic device, the flexible glass layer 1 includes a bent region corresponding to the pivot mechanism and non-bent regions located on both sides of the bent region. The thickness of the bent region is less than the thickness of the non-bent regions. For example, the thickness of the flexible glass layer 1 with a larger thickness can be 70 μm to 500 μm, while the thickness of the flexible glass layer 1 with a smaller thickness can be 20 μm to 70 μm.

[0430] In some processes, as shown in Figures 53 and 54, a groove can be formed on the surface of the flexible glass layer 1 facing away from the flexible display panel 112, and the groove is filled with the impact-resistant layer 10.

[0431] The differences between Figures 53 and 54 are as follows: In Figure 53, the organic coating 2 is disposed on the side of the impact-resistant layer 10 away from the flexible display panel 112, that is, the flexible glass layer 1, the impact-resistant layer 10 and the organic coating 2 are disposed sequentially along the direction away from the flexible display panel 112; In Figure 54, the organic coating 2 is disposed on the side of the flexible glass layer 1 facing the flexible display panel 112, that is, the organic coating 2, the flexible glass layer 1 and the impact-resistant layer 10 are disposed sequentially along the direction away from the flexible display panel 112.

[0432] The organic coating 2 in the above example can also be referred to as an explosion-proof layer. The organic coating 2 can be selected from one or a combination of two of the following: clear polyimide (CPI), polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS), polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PET), epoxy resin, self-healing coatings containing dynamic reversible chemical bonds such as polyurea / polyurethane / modified polydimethylsiloxane / disulfide-containing polymers / polycaprolactone, acrylates, polyurethane-modified acrylates, silicone resins, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, nylon, polyoxymethylene resin, transparent composite fibers (such as glass fiber, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, etc.), silicone rubber, thermoplastic elastomers, etc.

[0433] In some feasible preparation processes, dianhydride and diamine monomers can be prepolymerized into polyamic acid, which is then coated onto the surface of the impact layer 10 using methods such as die coating, slot coating, or roller rolling. After heating to remove the solvent, the temperature is gradually increased to fully imidize it, forming the explosion-proof layer. The coating can be applied outwards, and after imidization, the explosion-proof layer is cut to its dimensions using laser cutting.

[0434] In some examples, the elastic modulus of the organic coating 2, which serves as the explosion-proof layer, is greater than that of the impact-resistant layer 10. For example, the elastic modulus of the organic coating 2 is E6, where 2MPa≤E5≤10GPa, 50MPa≤E5≤10GPa, 100MPa≤E5≤10GPa, or 100MPa≤E5≤8GPa. By setting the organic coating 2 with a larger elastic modulus, the strength of the support plate can be improved. For example, when the pivot mechanism located below the display module has a sharp corner structure, the support plate has greater strength, which can reduce the risk of the sharp corner structure piercing the display panel.

[0435] In some examples, the thickness of the impact-resistant layer 10 can be t1, where 1 μm ≤ t1 ≤ 100 μm, and the thickness of the organic coating 2 can be t2, where 1 μm ≤ t2 ≤ 100 μm. The thickness of the organic coating 2 can be greater than the thickness of the impact-resistant layer 10.

[0436] In the above examples, the support plate can be connected to the flexible display panel via an adhesive layer 8, the thickness of which can be from 15 μm to 75 μm.

[0437] In the examples of Figures 47 to 54, the cover plate 113 can adopt the composite laminate structure of the above examples, or it can adopt other cover plate structures.

[0438] In the examples of Figures 47 to 54, a protective film can also be provided on the cover plate 113. The protective film can be the composite laminate structure of the above examples, or other protective film layer structures can be used.

[0439] This application also provides other composite stacked structures, such as shown in Figure 55, which is a schematic diagram of a composite stacked structure 1130 exemplified by this application.

[0440] In this example, the composite stack structure 1130 includes: a flexible glass layer 1, an impact-resistant layer 10, and an organic coating 2; the flexible glass layer 1, the impact-resistant layer 10, and the organic coating 2 are stacked.

[0441] Continuing with Figure 55, the composite stacked structure 1130 of this example also includes an ink layer 11, which is opaque and is disposed around the edge of the flexible glass layer 1.

[0442] In this example, the opaque ink layer 11 is located at the edge of the flexible glass layer 1. This allows the composite laminate structure 1130 to be applied to the cover plate or protective film of a display module, with the ink layer 11 positioned close to the mid-frame, improving aesthetics. For example, this composite laminate structure can be used in foldable electronic devices.

[0443] In some examples, the composite laminate structure 1130 is incorporated into the display module as a cover plate, for example, disposed on the display surface side of the flexible display panel 112 of the display module. In other examples, the composite laminate structure 1130 can serve as a protective film disposed on the cover plate.

[0444] Figure 56 is a schematic diagram of a composite stacked structure 1130 according to an example of this application.

[0445] In this example, the composite stacked structure 1130 includes not only the flexible glass layer 1, the impact-resistant layer 10, and the organic coating 2, but also the inorganic layer 4 and the functional layer. The functional layer can be at least one of the following coatings: hard coating (HC), anti-reflective coating (AR), anti-glare coating (AG), and anti-fingerprint layer (AF). For example, in the example of Figure 55, the functional layer includes stacked anti-reflective coating AR and anti-fingerprint layer AF. For example, the water droplet angle of the anti-fingerprint layer AF can be 90° to 160°.

[0446] As shown in Figure 56, the inorganic layer 4 and the functional layer are located on one surface of the flexible glass layer 1, with the inorganic layer 4 situated between the functional layer and the flexible glass layer 1. The impact-resistant layer 10 is located on the side of the flexible glass layer 1 opposite to the inorganic layer 4.

[0447] When the composite laminate structure 1130 of this example is applied to the cover plate or protective film of a display module, the functional layer may include an anti-fingerprint layer AF. For example, the anti-fingerprint layer AF may be made of fluorine-containing or silicon-containing polymers, such as perfluoropolyether, perfluoropolyether siloxane, cage-like polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, etc. The molecular weight of the perfluoropolyether resin may be 1,000-50,000, and the molecular end groups have 2 to 3 active sites that react with the flexible glass. The molecular chain has 1 to 2 active sites that react and bind with adjacent anti-fingerprint layer AF molecules. The perfluoropolyether molecules may combine with inorganic layer molecules, or perfluoropolyether molecules may combine with adjacent perfluoropolyether molecules, thereby improving the wear resistance of the display module. For example, the eraser wear resistance of the display module may be improved to more than 20,000 times. It can improve the precision of module creases, and after the flexible glass layer 1 breaks, the inorganic layer 4 can also protect the flexible glass layer 1, reducing the risk of the flexible display panel being scratched.

[0448] In the example shown in Figure 56, the surface of the flexible glass layer 1 is provided with an impact-resistant layer 10, and the side surface of the flexible glass layer 1 is also provided with an impact-resistant layer 10.

[0449] In some implementations, the elastic modulus of the impact-resistant layer 10 is E5, where 1MPa≤E5≤10GPa, for example, 50MPa≤E5≤10GPa, 100MPa≤E5≤10GPa, or 100MPa≤E5≤8GPa. The elastic modulus of the organic coating 2, serving as the explosion-proof layer, is greater than that of the impact-resistant layer 10. For example, the elastic modulus of the organic coating 2 is E6, where 2MPa≤E5≤10GPa, for example, 50MPa≤E5≤10GPa, 100MPa≤E5≤10GPa, or 100MPa≤E5≤8GPa. By setting the elastic modulus of the impact-resistant layer 10 and the organic layer, the bendability of the composite laminate structure can be guaranteed.

[0450] The inorganic layer 4, the flexible glass layer 1, the impact-resistant layer 10, the organic coating layer 2, and the oil film layer 11 can be configured in various ways, as shown in Figures 56, 57, 58, and 59.

[0451] In the example shown in Figure 56, the inorganic layer 4, the flexible glass layer 1, the impact-resistant layer 10, and the organic coating 2 are arranged in sequence, and the ink layer 11 is stacked between the impact-resistant layer 10 and the organic coating 2.

[0452] In the example of Figure 57, the inorganic layer 4, the impact-resistant layer 10, the flexible glass layer 1, and the organic coating 2 are arranged in sequence, and the ink layer 11 is stacked between the flexible glass layer 1 and the organic coating 2.

[0453] In the example shown in Figure 58, the inorganic layer 4, the organic coating 2, the flexible glass layer 1, and the impact-resistant layer 10 are arranged in sequence, and the ink layer 11 is stacked between the flexible glass layer 1 and the organic coating 2.

[0454] In the example of Figure 59, the inorganic layer 4, the organic coating 2, the impact-resistant layer 10 and the flexible glass layer 1 are arranged in sequence, and the ink layer 11 is stacked between the impact-resistant layer 10 and the organic coating 2.

[0455] Among the available materials, the impact layer 10 can be selected from at least one of the following: UTG, PET, CPI, TPU, GPU, transparent composite fibers (such as glass fiber, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, etc.), PA, PC, PMMA, silicone, acrylate, polyurethane modified acrylic resin, polyurea containing dynamic reversible chemical bonds, polyurethane, modified polydimethylsiloxane, polymers containing disulfide bonds, polycaprolactone, and other self-healing coatings.

[0456] The organic coating 2 in the above example can also be referred to as an explosion-proof layer. The organic coating 2 can be selected from one or a combination of two of the following: clear polyimide (CPI), polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS), polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PET), epoxy resin, self-healing coatings containing dynamic reversible chemical bonds such as polyurea / polyurethane / modified polydimethylsiloxane / disulfide-containing polymers / polycaprolactone, acrylates, polyurethane-modified acrylates, silicone resins, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, nylon, polyoxymethylene resin, transparent composite fibers (such as glass fiber, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, etc.), silicone rubber, thermoplastic elastomers, etc.

[0457] In some feasible preparation processes, dianhydride and diamine monomers can be prepolymerized into polyamic acid, which is then coated onto the surface of the impact layer 10 using methods such as die coating, slot coating, or roller rolling. After heating to remove the solvent, the temperature is gradually increased to fully imidize it, forming the explosion-proof layer. The coating can be applied outwards, and after imidization, the explosion-proof layer is cut to its dimensions using laser cutting.

[0458] In some examples, the thickness of the impact-resistant layer 10 can be t1, where 1 μm ≤ t1 ≤ 100 μm, and the thickness of the organic coating 2 can be t2, where 1 μm ≤ t2 ≤ 100 μm. The thickness of the organic coating 2 can be greater than the thickness of the impact-resistant layer 10.

[0459] In some structures, the flexible glass layer 1 can be of uniform thickness, as shown in examples in Figures 56 to 59.

[0460] In other structures, the flexible glass layer 1 can be of unequal thickness, as shown in Figures 60 and 61. When this composite laminate structure is applied in a foldable electronic device, the flexible glass layer 1 includes a bent region corresponding to the pivot mechanism and non-bent regions located on both sides of the bent region. The thickness of the bent region is less than the thickness of the non-bent region.

[0461] For example, in Figures 60 and 61, a groove can be formed on the surface of the flexible glass layer 1, and the groove is filled with the impact-resistant layer 10.

[0462] In the composite laminate structure of this application example, the side surface of the flexible glass layer 1 and the surface opposite to the inorganic layer 4 both have impact-resistant layers 10. A portion of the ink layer 11 covers the impact-resistant layers 10 on the side surface of the flexible glass layer 1, and this portion can be referred to as the first portion 11A. Another portion of the ink layer 11 covers the edge of the flexible glass layer 1, and this portion is referred to as the second portion 11B.

[0463] As shown in Figures 62, 63 and 64, Figure 62 is a top view of the display module of the present application example, Figure 63 is an enlarged view of point AA in Figure 62, and Figure 64 is a schematic diagram of a composite stacked structure given in the embodiment of the present application.

[0464] In this example, the width dimension of the first part 11A of the ink layer 11 can be a, and the width dimension of the second part 11B of the ink layer 11 can be b. The width dimension b of the second part 11B is smaller than the width dimension a of the first part 11A.

[0465] For example, 0mm≤a≤20mm, 0mm≤b≤2.0mm; another example, 0mm≤a≤15mm, 0mm≤b≤1.5mm; yet another example, 0mm≤a≤10mm, 0mm≤b≤1.0mm.

[0466] In some examples, the thickness of ink layer 11 may be less than or equal to 15 μm, or less than or equal to 20 μm, or less than or equal to 10 μm.

[0467] The composite stacked structure described above can be applied to the display modules shown in Figures 47 to 54, thereby improving the crease refinement and bending performance of the display module.

[0468] In the description of this specification, specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0469] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A composite laminated structure, characterized in that, include: The flexible glass layer, the first organic coating, and the functional layer are provided, wherein the first organic coating is located on a first surface of the flexible glass layer, the functional layer is located on one side of a second surface of the flexible glass layer, and the first surface is opposite to the second surface. The functional layer includes an anti-fingerprint layer, wherein the water droplet angle of the anti-fingerprint layer is 90° to 160°; Wherein, the elastic modulus of the first organic coating is greater than or equal to 10 MPa, and the thickness of the first organic coating is d1, where 2 μm ≤ d1 ≤ 100 μm.

2. The composite laminated structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first organic coating comprises multiple layers, which are stacked along the thickness direction of the composite laminate structure. In two adjacent layers of the first organic coating, the elastic modulus of the first organic coating closer to the flexible glass layer is E1, and the elastic modulus of the first organic coating farther from the flexible glass layer is E2. E1 and E2 are not equal.

3. The composite laminated structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, 10MPa≤E1≤100GPa, 10MPa≤E2≤100GPa.

4. The composite laminated structure according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The side of the flexible glass layer has an organic coating, and the side of the flexible glass layer is connected to the first surface.

5. The composite laminated structure according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The material of the first organic coating includes at least one of the following: transparent polyimide, cage-like polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, polyethylene terephthalate, epoxy resin, polyurea, polyurethane, modified polydimethylsiloxane, disulfide-containing polymer, polycaprolactone, acrylate, polyurethane-modified acrylate, silicone resin, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, nylon, polyoxymethylene resin, transparent composite fiber, silicone rubber, and thermoplastic elastomer.

6. The composite laminated structure according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The flexible glass layer includes a glass substrate layer and a base coating layer located on the glass substrate layer, wherein the first organic coating layer is located on the surface of the base coating layer.

7. The composite laminated structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The thickness of the base coating is less than or equal to 10 μm.

8. The composite laminated structure according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, The material of the base coating includes at least one of silane coupling agents and acrylates.

9. The composite laminated structure according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The composite stacked structure further includes an inorganic layer located on the second surface of the flexible glass layer.

10. The composite laminated structure according to claim 9, characterized in that, The inorganic layer has a Mohs hardness greater than or equal to 1, and the thickness of the inorganic layer is d2, where d2 ≤ 30 μm.

11. The composite laminated structure according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that, The inorganic layer includes an inorganic transition layer and an inorganic reinforcing layer, with the inorganic transition layer stacked between the flexible glass layer and the inorganic protective layer.

12. The composite laminated structure according to any one of claims 9-11, characterized in that, The composite laminate structure further includes an organic reinforcing layer, which is stacked between the inorganic layer and the flexible glass layer, and the elastic modulus of the organic reinforcing layer is greater than or equal to 10 MPa.

13. The composite laminated structure according to any one of claims 9-12, characterized in that, The inorganic layer material includes at least one of boron nitride, silicon nitride, titanium nitride, aluminum titanium nitride, silicon nitride, cubic boron nitride, silicon carbide, titanium carbide, zirconium carbide, tungsten carbide, titanium carbonitride, aluminum chromium nitride, diamond-like carbon (DLC), alumina, silicon oxide, zirconium oxide, chromium oxide, silicates, and tungstates.

14. The composite laminated structure according to any one of claims 9-13, characterized in that, The thermal conductivity of the inorganic layer is greater than or equal to 0.2 W / (mK).

15. The composite laminated structure according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The composite stacked structure further includes a second organic coating, which is located on the second surface of the flexible glass layer; The elastic modulus of the second organic coating is greater than or equal to 10 kPa, and the thickness of the second organic coating is d2, where 2 μm ≤ d2 ≤ 100 μm.

16. The composite laminated structure according to claim 15, characterized in that, The second organic coating comprises multiple layers, which are stacked along the thickness direction of the composite laminate structure. In two adjacent layers of the second organic coating, the elastic modulus of the second organic coating closer to the flexible glass layer is E3, and the elastic modulus of the second organic coating farther from the flexible glass layer is E4, where E3 is less than E4.

17. The composite laminated structure according to claim 16, characterized in that, 10 kPa ≤ E3 ≤ 30 GPa, 0.1 GPa ≤ E4 ≤ 100 GPa.

18. The composite laminated structure according to any one of claims 1-17, characterized in that, The flexible glass layer comprises multiple layers, which are stacked along the thickness direction of the composite laminate structure. The two adjacent flexible glass layers are connected by an organic coating.

19. The composite laminated structure according to any one of claims 1-18, characterized in that, The elongation at break of the first organic coating is greater than or equal to 1%.

20. The composite laminated structure according to any one of claims 1-19, characterized in that, The functional layer includes multiple anti-reflective and anti-reflective coatings. In two adjacent anti-reflective and anti-reflective coatings, the refractive index of the anti-reflective and anti-reflective coating closer to the flexible glass layer is greater than the refractive index of the anti-reflective and anti-reflective coating farther from the flexible glass layer.

21. The composite laminated structure according to any one of claims 1-20, characterized in that, The functional layer includes an anti-glare coating, which is located on the surface of the composite laminate structure.

22. The composite laminated structure according to any one of claims 1-21, characterized in that, The composite stacked structure further includes: An impact-resistant layer is located on the side of the first organic coating opposite to the flexible glass layer.

23. The composite laminated structure according to any one of claims 1-22, characterized in that, The composite stacked structure further includes: An ink layer is provided around the edge of the flexible glass layer, and the ink layer is opaque.

24. The composite laminated structure according to claim 23, characterized in that, The flexible glass layer has the first organic coating on its side surface and on the surface opposite to the functional layer. The first portion of the ink layer covers the first organic coating on the side of the flexible glass layer; The second portion of the ink layer covers the edge of the flexible glass layer.

25. The composite laminated structure according to claim 24, characterized in that, The width of the second part is smaller than the width of the first part.

26. A display module, characterized in that, include: A flexible display panel, comprising a bending region and a non-bending region, wherein the bending region is capable of bending along a bending line, allowing the display module to switch between an unfolded state and a closed state; In the composite stacked structure as described in any one of claims 1-25, the first organic coating is located between the flexible glass layer and the flexible display panel.

27. The display module according to claim 26, characterized in that, The display module also includes a support plate; The support plate is disposed on the side of the flexible display panel away from the display surface. The support plate includes a bent portion corresponding to the bent area and a non-bent portion corresponding to the non-bent area. The thickness of the bent portion is less than or equal to the thickness of the non-bent portion.

28. The display module according to claim 27, characterized in that, The flexible display panel is connected to the support plate via an adhesive layer; or... The display module also includes a back film, which is located between the flexible display panel and the support plate.

29. The display module according to claim 26, characterized in that, The display module also includes a support plate, which is disposed on the side of the flexible display panel away from the display surface; The support plate includes a flexible glass layer and an impact-resistant layer, which are stacked along the thickness direction of the display module. The elastic modulus of the impact-resistant layer is E5, where 1MPa≤E5≤10GPa.

30. The display module according to claim 29, characterized in that, The support plate also includes an organic coating; The flexible glass layer, the impact-resistant layer, and the organic coating are stacked along the thickness direction of the display module; The elastic modulus of the organic coating is greater than that of the impact-resistant layer.

31. The display module according to claim 29 or 30, characterized in that, The organic coating is disposed on the side of the flexible glass layer opposite to the flexible display panel; or, The organic coating is disposed on the side of the flexible glass layer facing the flexible display panel.

32. The display module according to any one of claims 26-31, characterized in that, The composite laminate structure is a cover plate.

33. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: First shell and second shell; A rotating shaft mechanism, wherein the rotating shaft mechanism connects the first housing and the second housing; The display module as described in any one of claims 26-32, wherein the first housing and the second housing are connected to the display module.

34. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: The display module includes a flexible display panel and a cover plate, with the cover plate located on one side of the display surface of the flexible display panel; The protective film includes a composite laminate structure as described in any one of claims 1-25, the composite laminate structure being located on the side of the cover plate away from the flexible display panel, and the first organic coating being located between the flexible glass layer and the cover plate.

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