Portable wireless miniature near-ear electroencephalography device

Abstract

The invention related to an EEG device, wherein the EEG device comprises an adhesive electrode, wherein the adhesive electrode is a reference electrode, wherein the reference electrode is configured to be positioned on the mastoid; an electronics housing, wherein the electronics housing is configured to be connected to the adhesive electrode via a built-in push-button contact or magnet; an ear-electrode assembly, wherein the ear-electrode assembly comprises at least one electrode, wherein the at least one electrode is configured to be positioned on the frontal or temporal dermal region, wherein the at least one electrode is configured to acquire at least one bio-signal, wherein the at least one bio-signal comprises an EEG signal; and a bracket, wherein the bracket is configured as an insulating bracket.

Description

[0001] Portable Wireless Miniature Near-Ear Electroencephalography device Field

[0002] The invention lies in the field of EEG device and body sensing networks. More particularly, it lies in the field of non-invasive portable miniature EEG device and body sensing networks configured for detecting seizures and differentiating them.

[0003] Background

[0004] Electroencephalography (EEG) devices play a crucial role in detecting and monitoring seizures by recording the brain's electrical activity through electrodes placed on the scalp. Seizures, which result from abnormal neural activity, produce distinct patterns in EEG recordings, helping clinicians diagnose epilepsy as well as other neurological disorders. Traditional EEG systems, typically used in hospitals or specialized clinics, provide high-resolution data but require extensive setup, making continuous monitoring challenging. For individuals with epilepsy, especially those with unpredictable or infrequent seizures, the need for real-time, long-term monitoring outside of clinical settings has driven interest in more accessible solutions.

[0005] Portable EEG devices offer a promising alternative by enabling seizure detection in real-world environments, such as at home or during daily activities. These wireless systems allow for continuous brain monitoring, helping patients and doctors track seizure frequency, duration, and potential triggers with greater convenience. Portable EEGs are particularly valuable for long-term epilepsy management, reducing the need for hospital visits and improving diagnostic accuracy by capturing seizures that might not occur during short clinical recordings. Additionally, they enhance seizure alert systems and braincomputer interfaces, allowing for more immediate intervention and personalized treatment. By increasing accessibility and enabling real-time data collection, portable EEGs have the potential to improve the quality of life for people with epilepsy.

[0006] Developments such as these have been put to use in the following inventions:

[0007] US2024215902A1 depicts a multimodal brain function signal acquisition device and method are provided. The device comprises: a cap; an electroencephalogram (EEG) signal acquisition device which comprises a support member and a plurality of acquisition tentacles; the support member is a hollow cylinder, the acquisition tentacles are disposed along a circumference of a first port of the support member, and the first port is connected to the cap; a near-red signal acquisition device which comprises a light guide column, anear infrared light source and a photodiode; the light guide column is a transparent hollow cylinder disposed within an inner periphery of the support member, the near infrared light source and the photodiode are disposed at a second port of the light guide column, and the first port of the light guide column is fixed on the cap; a transimpedance amplifier connected to the photodiode; a first analog-to-digital converter connected to the EEG signal acquisition device; a second analog-to-digital converter connected to the photodiode; and a micro-control unit connected to the first analog-to-digital converter and the second analog-to-digital converter.

[0008] Summary

[0009] However, portable EEG devices also have notable limitations when it comes to seizure detection. One major challenge is signal quality, as external noise and movement can interfere with accurate readings. To improve signal fidelity, portable EEGs must either rely on invasive in-ear electrodes, which can be uncomfortable for long-term use, or require a full-head EEG cap, which can be bulky and impractical for everyday wear. Ear EEG also does not currently guarantee signal fidelity. The current solutions for signals with higher fidelity comprise gold cup electrodes that are glued to the scalp and filled with conductive paste or caps with electrodes that require conductive gel bridges to the scalp, or preliminary sponge electrodes. These either cause discomfort or cannot reliably be applied by the users themselves. Furthermore, gels tend to dry out quickly. These options can cause discomfort, especially for patients who need continuous monitoring while sleeping or going about daily activities. Additionally, these advanced portable EEG systems can be expensive, making them less accessible for some patients.

[0010] In light of the above, it is therefore an object of the present invention to overcome or at least to alleviate the shortcomings and disadvantages of the prior art. More particularly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an EEG device that is comfortable on the long-term, non-invasive and affordable.

[0011] These objects are met by the present invention.

[0012] In a first aspect, the invention relates to an EEG device, wherein the EEG device may comprise an electronics housing and an ear-electrode assembly. The EEG device may also comprise a bracket wherein the bracket may be configured as an insulating bracket and / or as a conducting bracket. The EEG device may further comprise an adhesive electrode wherein the adhesive electrode may be a reference electrode, wherein the reference electrode may be configured to be positioned on the mastoid. Such an electrode placement allows for higher signal quality than typical in-ear solutions, bigger brain volume coverage,and higher mechanical stability. The reference electrode may also be configured to be positioned via a snap connector.

[0013] In one embodiment, the EEG device may be configured to be worn on one ear. The earelectrode assembly may comprise at least one electrode wherein the at least one electrode may be configured as an adhesive electrode. The at least one electrode may be configured to acquire at least one bio-signal, wherein the at least one bio-signal may comprise an EEG signal. At least one electrode of the at least one electrode may also be configured to be inserted in the ear canal and / or may be configured to be placed around the ear. The at least one electrode may further be configured to be positioned on the ear via a lightweight clip. The at least one electrode may additionally or alternatively be configured to be positioned in front of the ear, on the temple, on the forehead, and / or above the eyebrows. The at least one electrode may be configured to be positioned on the frontal dermal region and / or temporal dermal region.

[0014] In another embodiment, the at least one electrode of the at least one electrode configured to be inserted in the ear canal may comprise at least one conductive material, an in-ear memory foam shield and conductive material-plated fabric, and / or an in-ear silicone shield (comparable but not limited to commercially available earphones) and silver-plated nylon fabric. The at least one electrode may also be configured as a dry electrode.

[0015] Such a structure allows the EEG recording with as little strain as possible over longer periods of time in everyday life. The structure also allows for a discrete and convenient design suitable for everyday use comprising but not limited to sleep, robust signal quality and electrode configuration, as well as a high level of user-friendliness, without the need for user-specific earmold or custom-made equipment. Additionally, as the electrodes required consist of commercially available adhesive electrodes and optional EEG conductive paste to further improve signal quality, the current invention presents a more affordable solution for porta ble / wearable EEG device. These constitute further advantages of the present invention.

[0016] In a further embodiment, the EEG device may also comprise at least one channel, wherein the at least one channel may be recorded according to at least one electrode pair wherein the at least one electrode pair may comprise the adhesive electrode and one electrode comprised in the ear-electrode assembly. The at least one channel may also be recorded according to at least one electrode pair wherein the at least one electrode pair may comprise two electrodes comprised in the ear-electrode assembly.

[0017] Furthermore, the EEG device may comprise at least two channels, wherein the first channelmay be recorded according to at least one electrode pair wherein the at least one electrode pair may comprise the adhesive electrode and at least one electrode configured to be inserted in the ear canal or configured to be positioned in front of the ear, and wherein the second channel may be recorded according to at least one electrode pair wherein the at least one electrode pair may comprise the adhesive electrode and one electrode configured to be positioned on the temple and / or on the forehead.

[0018] In one embodiment, the electronics housing and the ear-electrode assembly are connected via an insulated wire. The bracket may comprise the insulated wire, wherein the insulated wire and / or the bracket essentially has an S-shape and / or an n-shape. The insulated wire may also comprise conductive coating such as but not limited to conductive silicone coating. The insulated wire and / or the bracket may further comprise conductive coating, wherein the conductive coating may be configured as an RLD electrode.

[0019] In a further embodiment, the electronics housing may be configured to be connected to the adhesive electrode via a built-in push-button contact or magnet. The electronics housing may also be configured to be glued to the mastoid.

[0020] Furthermore, the electronics housing may comprise a microcontroller, and / or a Bluetooth module. The EEG device may be configured as a Bluetooth low energy device (BLE).

[0021] The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the electronics housing may comprise a bio-signal amplifier. The electronics housing may also comprise an accelerometer for measuring environmental data. Additional sensors for environmental and / or motion detection may be comprised as well, such as but not limited to a gyroscope, a thermal sensor, humidity sensor, barometric pressure sensor and / or light or noise levels sensor. The EEG may further be configured to transmit data to an external system such as but not limited to a smartphone, tablet, PC, server, and / or database. Said external system, may further be configured as a central hub and processing component.

[0022] Moreover, the EEG device may comprise an interface module, wherein the interface module may comprise at least one sensor such as but not limited to sensor for pulse and oxygen saturation on the earlobe or in the ear canal. The interface module may also comprise at least one actuator such as but not limited to a vibration motor for sensory stimulation, a loudspeaker for acoustic stimulation, electrodes for electrical stimulation or an aerosol applicator for olfactory stimulation.

[0023] The EEG device may be configured to acquire at least one signal acquired by the at least one sensor, output at least one signal to the at least one actuator to generate at least onesignal, and / or acquire at least one bio-signal generated in response to at least one signal emitted by the at least one actuator. The at least one bio-signal would be derived from the stimulation response to stimulation by a corresponding actuator such as but not limited to tactile stimulation by vibration, acoustic stimulation by a sound signal, sensory or transcranial direct current stimulation by electrical impulses and / or olfactory stimulation with aerosol, which would be reflected in the sensor data. The EEG device may also be configured to extract at least one biomarker for certain physiological states.

[0024] The microcontroller may be configured to analyze at least one bio-signal. The analysis may be implemented in real-time. The EEG device may be configured to detect at least one seizure according to at least one bio-signal, comprising comorbidities and associated conditions such as but not limited to depression, cognitive impairment, sleep disturbances, psychological disorders, and cardiovascular abnormalities, wherein the at least one seizure may be associated with epilepsy and / or its associated conditions. The EEG device may also be configured to detect at least one surrogate EEG marker associated with epilepsy and / or its associated conditions.

[0025] In one embodiment, the EEG device may be configured to implement at least one diagnostic process and / or at least one therapeutic process. The EEG may also be configured to track at least one epilepsy therapy process.

[0026] In another embodiment, the EEG device may be configured to extract at least one biomarker from at least one bio-signal. The EEG device may also be configured to extract at least one biomarker from at least one bio-signal by making use of at least one Al algorithm. The EEG device may further be configured to predict at least one physiological state. The EEG device may also be configured to predict at least one physiological state by making use of at least one Al algorithm. The EEG device may thus allow the analysis of principles of cognition and physiology with reference to healthy or diseased states. More particularly, with the mobility and long-term capabilities the invention provides, physiological states in the field can be analyzed outside of clinic or lab environments.

[0027] In a further embodiment, the EEG device may be configured to store at least one biosignal. The EEG device may also be configured to store the at least one biosignal in a removable, non-transient computer-readable medium such as but not limited to a pSD card.

[0028] Furthermore, the electronics housing may comprise at least one push-button, wherein the at least one push-button may be configured to register at least one event marker when pushed, in case of recognizable seizures for example. The EEG device may be a portable device and may be configured to be powered by a battery comprised in the electronicshousing. The EEG device may also comprise a protective charging circuit. The EEG device may further comprise an On / Off button, wherein the On / Off button may be configured to switch the device from an on state to an off state when switching the On / Off button.

[0029] Moreover, the EEG device may be configured to acquire at least one data from at least one external sensor. The EEG device may also be configured to acquire at least one bio-signal generated in response to at least one signal emitted by at least one external actuator. For example, a smartphone sensor, such as but not limited to a camera, an IMU, and / or a microphone. A smartphone's flashlight could, for example, as an external actuator, be used for photostimulation.

[0030] Additionally, the EEG device is DC coupled. This feature of the invention enables eyeposition-tracking with electrodes placed close to the eyes, allowing the reliable determination of EOG components such as but not limited to corneo-retinal standing potentials, in the recorded EEG. The EEG device is configured for the determination of the relationship of eye movement to seizures, seizure types or general (neuro-) scientific research questions such as but not limited to reliable detection of eye positions during sleep.

[0031] Furthermore, the EEG device may be configured to measure spreading depolarization that occurs in epilepsy and migraines. This provides the EEG device with identification of past / upcoming seizures and / or their localization.

[0032] The EEG device may be configured for calibration and / or testing purposes.

[0033] In a second aspect, the invention relates to a system wherein the system may comprise at least one EEG device according to any for the preceding EEG device embodiments. The system may also comprise two EEG devices according to any of the preceding EEG device embodiments configured to be worn on both ears. The system may further be a body sensor network, wherein the body sensor network may comprise sensors wherein the sensors are located in a star topology with respect to a human subject. The system may be configured to acquire at least one bio-signal detected by at least one sensor, such as but not limited to sensor for pulse and oxygen saturation on the earlobe or in the ear canal. The system may further comprise at least one actuator, such as but not limited to a vibration motor for sensory stimulation, a loudspeaker for acoustic stimulation, electrodes for electrical stimulation or an aerosol applicator for olfactory stimulation.

[0034] With the use of sensors, the system may be configured to achieve multimodal robust data acquisition.In one embodiment, the system may be configured to synchronize at least two bio-signals detected by at least one EEG device and / or at least one sensor. Features interaction with other temporally synchronized signals constitutes important data in neuroscientific and physiology use cases. The system may also be configured to synchronize at least two biosignals detected by at least two EEG devices.

[0035] In another embodiment, the system may comprise at least one processing component, wherein the at least one processing component may be configured to synchronize at least two bio signals. The at least one processing component may also be configured to analyze at least one biosignal. The at least one processing component may be comprised in the at least one EEG device and / or in a system external to the at least one EEG device.

[0036] Furthermore, the system may be configured to detect at least one seizure according to at least one bio-signal, comprising comorbidities and associated conditions such as but not limited to depression, cognitive impairment, sleep disturbances, psychological disorders, and cardiovascular abnormalities, wherein the at least one seizure may be associated with epilepsy and / or its associated conditions. The system may also be configured to detect at least one surrogate EEG marker associated with epilepsy and / or its associated conditions, comprising cognitive and (neuro)physiological states related to the associated conditions. The system may also be configured to store at least one biosignal.

[0037] Moreover, the system may operate similarly to the EEG device according to any of the preceding EEG device embodiments, wherein the sensors comprised in the EEG device would be sensors comprised in the system.

[0038] The system may be configured to operate similarly to an EEG device according to any of the preceding EEG device embodiments. The system may also be configured to acquire at least one bio-signal detected by at least one external sensor. The system may further be configured to acquire at least one bio-signal generated in response to at least one signal emitted by at least one external actuator. For example, a smartphone sensor, such as but not limited to a camera, an IMU, and / or a microphone. A smartphone's flashlight could, for example, as an external actuator, be used for photostimulation.

[0039] The system may be configured for calibration and / or testing purposes.

[0040] In a third aspect, the invention relates to a method for measuring electrical activity in the brain of a mammal wherein the method may comprise utilizing the EEG device according to any of the preceding EEG device embodiments. The method may comprise measuringat least one biosignal wherein the at least one biosignal may be measured from at least one electrode wherein the at least one electrode may be positioned according to the positioning of at least one electrode comprised in the EEG device according to any of the preceding EEG device embodiments. The method may also comprise utilizing the system according to any of the preceding system embodiments.

[0041] The method may also comprise detecting at least one seizure, comprising comorbidities and associated conditions such as but not limited to depression, cognitive impairment, sleep disturbances, psychological disorders, and cardiovascular abnormalities. The method may comprise detecting seizures related to epilepsy and / or in its associated conditions, psychogenic and / or dissociative seizures and / or syncopes. The method may comprise differentiating between seizures related to epilepsy and / or syncope's its associated conditions, psychogenic and / or dissociative seizures, and syncopes, comprising cognitive and (neuro)physiological states related to the associated conditions.

[0042] Furthermore, the method may comprise tracking at least one eye's position. The method may also comprise distinguishing EOG components, such as but not limited to corneo-retinal standing potentials, comprised in the recorded EEG. The method may further comprise measuring spreading depolarization that occurs in epilepsy and migraines. The method may additionally comprise identifying past and / or upcoming seizures, and / or their localization.

[0043] The method may comprise calibrating and / or testing the EEG device and / or the system according to any of the preceding embodiments.

[0044] In a fourth aspect, the invention relates a computer program comprising instructions which, when the program may be executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the method according to any of the preceding method embodiments.

[0045] In a fifth aspect, the invention relates to the use of the EEG device and / or system according to any of the preceding EEG device and / or system embodiments, for carrying out the method according to any of the preceding method embodiments. The invention further relates to the use of the EEG device and / or system according to any of the preceding embodiments, for differentiating between seizures related to epilepsy and / or syncopes its associated conditions, psychogenic and / or dissociative seizures, and syncopes.Below is a list of EEG device embodiments. Those will be indicated with a letter "E". Whenever such embodiments are referred to, this will be done by referring to "E" embodiments.

[0046] El. An EEG device, wherein the EEG device comprises:

[0047] an electronics housing;

[0048] and an ear-electrode assembly.

[0049] E2. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the EEG device comprises a bracket.

[0050] E3. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments with the features of embodiment E2, wherein the bracket is configured as an insulating bracket.

[0051] E4. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments with the features of embodiment E2, wherein the bracket is configured as a conducting bracket.

[0052] E5. The EEG device according to the preceding embodiment, wherein the EEG device comprises an adhesive electrode.

[0053] E6. The EEG device according to the preceding embodiment, wherein the EEG device is configured to be worn on one ear.

[0054] E7. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the EEG device comprises at least one channel.

[0055] E8. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments with the features of embodiment E5, wherein the adhesive electrode is a reference electrode.

[0056] E9. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments with the features of embodiment E8, wherein the reference electrode is configured to be positioned on the mastoid.

[0057] E10. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments with the features of embodiment E8, wherein the reference electrode is configured to be positioned via a snap connector.

[0058] Ell. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the earelectrode assembly comprises at least one electrode.E12. The EEG device according to the preceding embodiments with the features of embodiments Ell wherein the at least one electrode is configured as an adhesive electrode.

[0059] E13. The EEG device according to the preceding embodiments with the features of embodiments E5 and / or Ell wherein the at least one electrode is configured to acquire at least one bio-signal, wherein the at least one bio-signal comprises an EEG signal.

[0060] E14. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments with the features of embodiment Ell, wherein at least one electrode of the at least one electrode is configured to be inserted in the ear canal.

[0061] E15. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments with the features of embodiment Ell, wherein the at least one electrode of the at least one electrode is configured to be placed around the ear.

[0062] E16. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments with the features of embodiment E14, wherein the at least one electrode of the at least one electrode configured to be inserted in the ear canal comprises at least one conductive material.

[0063] E17. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments with the features of embodiment E14, wherein the at least one electrode of the at least one electrode configured to be inserted in the ear canal comprises an in-ear silicone shield and silver-plated nylon fabric.

[0064] E18. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments with the features of embodiment E14, wherein the at least one electrode of the at least one electrode configured to be inserted in the ear canal comprises an in-ear memory foam shield and conductive material-plated fabric.

[0065] E19. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments with the features of embodiment Ell, wherein the at least one electrode configured to be positioned on the ear via a lightweight clip.

[0066] E20. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments with the features of embodiment E14 and / or E19 wherein the at least one electrode is configuredas a dry electrode.

[0067] E21. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments with the features of embodiment Ell, wherein the at least one electrode is configured to be positioned in front of the ear.

[0068] E22. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments with the features of embodiment Ell, wherein the at least one electrode is configured to be positioned on the temple.

[0069] E23. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments with the features of embodiment Ell, wherein the at least one electrode is configured to be positioned on the forehead.

[0070] E24. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments with the features of embodiment Ell, wherein the at least one electrode is configured to be positioned above the eyebrows.

[0071] E25. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments with the features of embodiment Ell, wherein the at least one electrode is configured to be positioned in the vicinity of the forehead.

[0072] E26. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments with the features of embodiment Ell, wherein the at least one electrode is configured to be positioned on the frontal dermal region.

[0073] E27. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments with the features of embodiment Ell, wherein the at least one electrode is configured to be positioned on the temporal dermal region.

[0074] E28. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments with the features of embodiment E7, wherein the at least one channel is recorded according to at least one electrode pair wherein the at least one electrode pair comprises the adhesive electrode and one electrode comprised in the ear-electrode assembly.

[0075] E29. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments with the features of embodiment E7, wherein the at least one channel is recorded according to at least one electrode pair wherein the at least one electrode pair comprises two electrodes comprised in the ear-electrode assembly.E30. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the EEG device comprises at least two channels.

[0076] E31. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments with the features of embodiment E30, wherein the first channel is recorded according to at least one electrode pair wherein the at least one electrode pair comprises the adhesive electrode and one electrode of at least one electrode configured to be inserted in the ear canal or configured to be positioned in front of the ear.

[0077] E32. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments with the features of embodiment E30, wherein the second channel is recorded according to at least one electrode pair wherein the at least one electrode pair comprises the adhesive electrode and one electrode configured to be positioned on the temple and / or on the forehead.

[0078] E33. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the electronics housing and the ear-electrode assembly are connected via an insulated wire.

[0079] E34. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments, with the features of embodiment E33, wherein the bracket comprises the insulated wire.

[0080] E35. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments, with the features of embodiment E33, wherein the insulated wire essentially has an S-shape, and / or an n-shape.

[0081] E36. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the bracket essentially has an S-shape and / or an n-shape.

[0082] E37. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments, with the features of embodiment E33, wherein the insulated wire comprises conductive coating.

[0083] E38. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments with the features of embodiment E37 wherein the insulated wire and / or the bracket comprises conductive coating, wherein the conductive coating is configured as an RLD electrode.

[0084] E39. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein theelectronics housing is configured to be connected to the adhesive electrode via a built-in push-button contact or magnet.

[0085] E40. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the electronics housing is configured to be glued to the mastoid.

[0086] E41. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the electronics housing comprises a microcontroller.

[0087] E42. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the electronics housing comprises a Bluetooth module.

[0088] E43. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the EEG device is configured as a Bluetooth low energy device (BLE).

[0089] E44. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the electronics housing comprises a bio-signal amplifier.

[0090] E45. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the electronics housing comprises at least one sensor, more preferably an accelerometer.

[0091] E46. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the EEG device is configured to transmit data to an external system.

[0092] E47. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the EEG device comprises an interface module.

[0093] E48. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments with the features of embodiment E47, wherein the interface module comprises at least one sensor.

[0094] E49. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments with the features of embodiment E47, wherein the interface module comprises at least one actuator.

[0095] E50. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments with the features of embodiment E48, wherein the EEG device is configured to acquire at least one signal acquired by the at least one sensor.

[0096] E51. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments with the featuresof embodiment E49, wherein the EEG device is configured to output at least one signal to the at least one actuator to generate at least one signal.

[0097] E52. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments with the features of embodiment E49, wherein the EEG device is configured to acquire at least one bio-signal generated in response to at least one signal emitted by the at least one actuator.

[0098] E53. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments with the features of embodiment E41, wherein the microcontroller is configured to analyze at least one bio-signal.

[0099] E54. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments with the features of embodiment E41, wherein the microcontroller is configured to analyze at least one bio-signal in real-time.

[0100] E55. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the EEG device is configured to detect at least one seizure according to at least one biosignal.

[0101] E56. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the EEG device is configured to detect at least one seizure associated with epilepsy and / or its associated conditions.

[0102] E57. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the EEG device is configured to detect at least one surrogate EEG marker associated with epilepsy and / or its associated conditions.

[0103] E58. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the EEG device is configured to implement at least one diagnostic process.

[0104] E59. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the EEG device is configured to implement at least one therapeutic process.

[0105] E60. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the EEG device is configured to track at least one epilepsy therapy process.

[0106] E61. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the EEG device is configured to extract at least one biomarker from at least one bio-signal.E62. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the EEG device is configured to extract at least one biomarker from at least one bio-signal by making use of at least one Al algorithm.

[0107] E63. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the EEG device is configured to predict at least one physiological state.

[0108] E64. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the EEG device is configured to predict at least one physiological state by making use of at least one Al algorithm.

[0109] E65. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the EEG device is configured to store at least one biosignal.

[0110] E66. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments with the features of embodiment E65, wherein the EEG device is configured to store the at least one biosignal in a removable, non-transient computer-readable medium.

[0111] E67. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the electronics housing comprises at least one push-button, wherein the at least one push-button is configured to register at least one event marker when pushed.

[0112] E68. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the EEG device is a portable device.

[0113] E69. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the EEG device is configured to be powered by a battery comprised in the electronics housing.

[0114] E70. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments, with the features of embodiment E69, wherein the EEG device comprises a protective charging circuit.

[0115] E71. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the EEG device comprises an On / Off button, wherein the On / Off button is configured to switch the device from an on state to an off state when switching the On / Off button.E72. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the EEG device is configured to acquire at least one data from at least one external sensor.

[0116] E73. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the EEG device is configured to acquire at least one bio-signal generated in response to at least one signal emitted by at least one external actuator.

[0117] E74. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the EEG device is DC coupled.

[0118] E75. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments with the features of embodiment Ell, wherein the at least one electrode is configured to be positioned close to at least one eye.

[0119] E76. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the EEG device is configured to track at least one eye's position.

[0120] E77. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the EEG device is configured to distinguish EOG components comprised in the recorded EEG.

[0121] E78. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the EEG device is configured to measure spreading depolarization that occurs in epilepsy and migraines.

[0122] E79. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the EEG device is configured to identify past and / or upcoming seizures, and / or their localization.

[0123] E80. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the EEG device is configured for calibration purposes.

[0124] E81. The EEG device according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the EEG device is configured for testing purposes.

[0125] Below is a list of system embodiments. Those will be indicated with a letter "S". Whenever such embodiments are referred to, this will be done by referring to "S" embodiments.

[0126] SI. A system wherein the system comprises at least one EEG device according to anyfor the preceding EEG device embodiments.

[0127] A system wherein the system comprises two EEG devices according to any of the preceding EEG device embodiments configured to be worn on both ears.

[0128] The system according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the system comprises at least one sensor.

[0129] The system according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the system is a body sensor network.

[0130] The system according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the system is a body sensor network, wherein the body sensor network comprises sensors wherein the sensors are located in a star topology with respect to a human subject.

[0131] The system according to any of the preceding embodiments, with the features of embodiment S4, wherein the system is configured to acquire at least one biosignal detected by at least one sensor.

[0132] The system according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein system comprises at least one actuator.

[0133] The system according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the system is configured to synchronize at least two bio-signals detected by at least one EEG device and / or at least one sensor.

[0134] The system according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the system is configured to synchronize at least two bio-signals detected by at least two EEG devices.

[0135] The system according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the system comprises at least one processing component.

[0136] The system according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the at least one processing component is configured to synchronize at least two bio signals.

[0137] The system according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the at least one processing component is configured to analyze at least one biosignal.513. The system according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the at least one processing component is comprised in the at least one EEG device.

[0138] 514. The system according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the at least one processing component is comprised in a system external to the at least one EEG device.

[0139] 515. The system according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the system is configured to detect at least one seizure.

[0140] 516. The system according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the system is configured to store at least one biosignal.

[0141] 517. The system according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the system is configured to operate similarly to an EEG device according to any of the preceding EEG device embodiments.

[0142] 518. The system according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the system is configured to acquire at least one bio-signal detected by at least one external sensor.

[0143] 519. The system according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the system is configured to acquire at least one bio-signal generated in response to at least one signal emitted by at least one external actuator.

[0144] 520. The system according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the system is configured for calibration purposes.

[0145] 521. The system according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the system is configured for testing purposes.

[0146] Below is a list of method embodiments. Those will be indicated with a letter "M". Whenever such embodiments are referred to, this will be done by referring to "M" embodiments.

[0147] Ml. A method for measuring electrical activity in the brain of a mammal wherein the method comprises utilizing the EEG device according to any of the preceding EEG device embodiments.

[0148] M2. The method according to the preceding embodiment, wherein the methodcomprises measuring at least one biosignal wherein the at least one biosignal is measured from at least one electrode wherein the at least one electrode is positioned according to the positioning of at least one electrode comprised in the EEG device according to any of the preceding EEG device embodiments.

[0149] M3. The method according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the method comprises detecting at least one seizure.

[0150] M4. The method according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the method comprises utilizing the system according to any of the preceding system embodiments.

[0151] M5. The method according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the method comprises detecting seizures related to epilepsy and / or in its associated conditions.

[0152] M6. The method according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the method comprises detecting psychogenic and / or dissociative seizures.

[0153] M7. The method according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the method comprises detecting syncopes.

[0154] M8. The method according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the method comprises differentiating between seizures related to epilepsy and / or syncope's its associated conditions, psychogenic and / or dissociative seizures, and syncopes.

[0155] M9. The method according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the method comprises tracking at least one eye's position.

[0156] MIO. The method according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the method comprises distinguishing EOG components, such as but not limited to corneo- retinal standing potentials, comprised in the recorded EEG.

[0157] Mil. The method according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the method comprises measuring spreading depolarization that occurs in epilepsy, migraines, and cardiovascular conditions of the brain.

[0158] M12. The method according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the method comprises identifying past and / or upcoming seizures, and / or their localization.M13. The method according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the method comprises calibrating the EEG device and / or the system.

[0159] M14. The method according to any of the preceding embodiments, wherein the method comprises testing the EEG device and / or the system.

[0160] Below is a list of computer program embodiments. Those will be indicated with a letter "C". Whenever such embodiments are referred to, this will be done by referring to "C" embodiments.

[0161] Cl. A computer program comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the method according to any of the preceding method embodiments.

[0162] Below is a list of use embodiments. Those will be indicated with a letter "U". Whenever such embodiments are referred to, this will be done by referring to "U" embodiments.

[0163] Ul. Use of the EEG device according to any of the preceding EEG device embodiments.

[0164] U2. Use of the system according to any of the preceding system embodiments.

[0165] U3. Use according to the preceding embodiment for carrying out the method according to any of the preceding method embodiments.

[0166] U4. Use of the EEG device and / or system according to any of the preceding embodiments, for differentiating between seizures related to epilepsy and / or syncope's its associated conditions, psychogenic and / or dissociative seizures, and syncopes.

[0167] Brief figure description

[0168] The present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings which illustrate embodiments of the invention. These embodiments should only exemplify, but not limit, the present invention.

[0169] Fig. 1 schematically depicts the EEG device according to embodiments of the present invention;Fig. 2 depicts the system comprising two EEG devices according to embodiments of the present invention;

[0170] Fig. 3 a. & b. schematically depict the system comprising an EEG device and processing component according to embodiments of the present invention;

[0171] Fig. 4 also schematically depicts the EEG device according to embodiments of the present invention;

[0172] Fig. 5 schematically depicts the electronics housing comprised in the EEG device according to embodiments of the present invention;

[0173] Fig. 6 depicts the EEG device in use according to embodiments of the present invention;

[0174] Fig. 7 depicts a graph presenting EEG signals recorded from a 10-20 EEG system, as well as EEG signals recorded from the EEG device according to embodiments of the present invention;

[0175] Fig. 8 further depicts the EEG device according to embodiments of the present invention.

[0176] It is noted that not all the drawings carry all the reference signs. Instead, in some of the drawings, some of the reference signs have been omitted for sake of brevity and simplicity of illustration. Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0177] Detailed Figure description

[0178] Fig. 1 schematically depicts the EEG device 1000 according to embodiments of the present invention. More particularly, the EGG device 1000 comprises electronics housing 1100, storage medium 1150, connection port 1200, On / Off switch 1300, push-button 1400, Pushbutton connection 1500, electrodes 1600, and electrode holder 1700.

[0179] The electronics housing 1000 comprises electronics, sensors and a battery, chargeable via connection port 1200 that may act as, for example a USB charging and data connection port. Storage medium 1150 may be comprised in electronics housing 1000 or removable and insertable such as but not limited to a removeable pSD card. On / Off switch 1300 would switch the EEG device On and off according to its state and push-button 1400 would allow the device to record an event marker stored with the EEG signal detected by electrodes 1600. Such a push-button would allow a user to manually record a marker and to check the resulting EEG in function of the marker, at a later time.

[0180] Push-button connection 1500 allows connection to an adhesive electrode configured to be sticked on the mastoid. As that electrode may just be a commercially available adhesiveelectrode, the push connection demonstrates a further advantageof the present invention. The EEG device is configured to acquire the EEG signal acquired by said electrode and use it as reference. The EEG device would also acquire at least one other EEG signal from at least one other electrode 1600 configured to be situated on the frontal dermal region, or the temporal dermal region. An electrode 1600 may consist of a silver electrode on a silicon sleeve. The EEG signal acquired by electrodes 1600 would be transmitted to the electronics stored in the electronics housing 1500 via wires comprised in the electrode holder 1700. Electrode holder 1700 presents an S-shaped to be easily positioned on the ear and hold the electrodes and wires in a stable, comfortable way. Said electrode holder is adjustable and may comprise conductive coating that would act as an RLD electrode for the EEG device.

[0181] Fig. 2 depicts the system 2000 comprising two EEG devices 1000, comprising electronics housing 1100, Push- button connection 1500, electrodes 1600, and electrode holder 1700. The EEG device may be configured to communicate, exchanging data allowing synchronization of the biosignals detected. Such a process, as well as the analysis of biosignals may be relegate to one EEG device, or may be shared between both. Electrodes 1600 recording the EEG signals may be positioned differently from one device to the other. Electrodes 1600 may thus present different shapes such as left electrode 1600 presenting a lightweight clip to be stably positioned on the ear, and the right electrode 1600 allowing it to stick to a dermal region.

[0182] Fig. 3 depicts the system 2000 comprising an EEG device 1000 and a processing component 1800. System 200 also comprises multiple sensors such as an ECG-based heart rate monitor 2200, "Smart Ring" with BLE for skin conductance measurement 2400, and "Smart Ring" with BLE for photoplethysmographic SPO2 and HR measurement 2600. These sensors may transmit the biosignals acquired to the main processing component responsible for the synchronization and analysis of the biosignals. The system 200 acts as a body sensor network presenting a star topology according to the sensors 2200, 2400 and 2600' positions with respect to the user.

[0183] In Fig. 3. a. the sensors transmit the biosignals to the EEG device via BLE 1900 where the processing may occur. The results of the synchronization and / or analysis of the biosignals may be transmitted to processing component 1800, which may act in this case as an external device allowing the display of the results to a user. The task of synchronization and analysis may also be separated with the EEG device 1000 taking care of the synchronization and sending the synchronized data over to the processing component 1800, taking care of the analysis of the synchronized data. The EEG device 1000 may also operate as a hub, gathering all the different biosignals before transmitting them to theprocessing component 1800 which would handle both the synchronization and processing of data.

[0184] Fig. 3. b. presents a different communication path, with the sensors 2200, 2400, 2600 and the EEG device 1000, transmitting the biosignals acquired to the processing component 1800 where synchronization and analysis would occur.

[0185] Fig. 4, similarly to Fig. 1, also schematically depicts the EEG device 1000 according to embodiments of the present invention, comprising electronics housing 1100, adhesive electrode 1550, electrodes 1600, and electrode holder 1700. Electronics housing 1100 would be stably secured behind the ear by making use of a Push-button connection (not depicted in this figure) connecting to the adhesive electrode 1550 configured to stick to the mastoid. Electrode holder 1700 would be safely secured around the ear by making use of its S-shape. Electrode 1600 may be configured to be clipped on the ear and detect an EEG signal allowing the EEG device to detect and analyze said EEG signal.

[0186] Fig. 5 schematically depicts the inside of electronics housing 1100 comprised in the EEG device 1000. More particularly, Fig. 5 depicts Lithium battery 1110, a charging and voltage regulator circuit 1120, a BLE-capable microcontroller 1130, an Analog front end for EEG acquisition 1140, a storage medium 1150, an accelerometer and / or gyroscope 1160, Environmental sensor 1170 (temperature, air pressure, humidity, gas), Light and noise level sensor 1180 and connection port 1200.

[0187] Lithium battery 1110 may be charged via connection port 1200, and power management is handled by the charging and voltage regulator circuit 1120. The biosignal detected by the electrodes may be received at analog front end 1140 and stored in the storage medium 1150. The accelerometer and / or gyroscope 1160, Environmental sensor 1170 which may comprise a temperature sensor, air pressure sensor, humidity sensor, and / or gas sensor, and the Light and noise level sensor 1180 may also acquire data to be stored in storage medium 1180 and may be transmitted to microcontroller 1130 to be either transmitted to an external system and / or to be synchronized and analyzed with biosignal detected.

[0188] Fig. 6 depicts the EEG device 1000 in uses the electronics housing is secured behind the ear with electrode holder 1700 stabilized on the ear and electrodes 1600 situated in front of the ear and on the temple of the user. The adhesive solid hydrogel electrodes 1600, while not usually used in EEG applications, may be worn for up to three days, are reliable on the long-term, and can be applied more easily together with the setup of the current invention.Fig. 7 depicts a graph presenting EEG signals recorded from a 10-20 EEG system, as well as EEG signals recorded from the EEG device according to embodiments of the present invention. More particularly, the graph shows EEG signals recorded from specific electrodes of the 10-20 system that would be closest in position to the position of the electrodes of the EEG device during this specific measurement. One electrode of the EEG device has been placed as a frontal-end electrode and thus shows a similar EEG signal to the Fpl electrode of the 10-20 system. Another electrode of the EEG device has been placed as a temporal-end electrode and thus shows a similar EEG signal to the T9 electrode of the 10-20 EEG system. The EEG device achieves results that are thus comparable to a standard 10-20 EEG system.

[0189] Fig. 8 depicts the EEG device comprising four electrode sites arranged to provide broad EEG coverage of the cranium. Two electrodes are positioned behind the auricle: a reference electrode (REF, superior) and a right leg drive electrode (RLD, inferior), each configured to mechanically retain the associated electronics against the mastoid region. A third electrode is situated anterior to the auricle at the temporal position, and a fourth electrode is placed at the frontal site, the combined arrangement affording substantial spatial coverage of underlying cortical activity.

[0190] The signal acquisition circuit is direct-current (DC) coupled to all electrode sites, thereby preserving low-frequency signal components and enabling concurrent electrooculographic (EOG) acquisition for eye-movement tracking applications. The electrodes incorporate a magnetic charging interface in which connection polarity is non-deterministic, consistent with the charging architecture employed in the PEM Ring product family.

[0191] Mechanical compliance between electrode sites is achieved through a plurality of flexible conductive arms formed in an n-shaped profile. Said profile confers elastic adaptability to varying cranial geometries, ensuring consistent electrode-to-skin contact across a range of user anatomies without requiring mechanical adjustment.

[0192] While in the above, a preferred embodiment has been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, the skilled person will understand that this embodiment was provided for illustrative purpose only and should by no means be construed to limit the scope of the present invention, which is defined by the claims.

[0193] Whenever a relative term, such as "about", "substantially" or "approximately" is used in this specification, such a term should also be construed to also include the exact term. That is, e.g., "substantially straight" should be construed to also include "(exactly) straight".Whenever steps were recited in the above or also in the appended claims, it should be noted that the order in which the steps are recited in this text may be accidental. That is, unless otherwise specified or unless clear to the skilled person, the order in which steps are recited may be accidental. That is, when the present document states, e.g., that a method comprises steps (A) and (B), this does not necessarily mean that step (A) precedes step (B), but it is also possible that step (A) is performed (at least partly) simultaneously with step (B) or that step (B) precedes step (A). Furthermore, when a step (X) is said to precede another step (Z), this does not imply that there is no step between steps (X) and (Z). That is, step (X) preceding step (Z) encompasses the situation that step (X) is performed directly before step (Z), but also the situation that (X) is performed before one or more steps (Yl), ..., followed by step (Z). Corresponding considerations apply when terms like "after" or "before" are used.Reference Numerals

[0194] 1000 EEG Device

[0195] 1100 Electronics Housing

[0196] 1110 Lithium battery

[0197] 1120 Charging and voltage regulator circuit

[0198] 1130 BLE-capable microcontroller

[0199] 1140 Analog front end for EEG acquisition

[0200] 1150 Storage medium

[0201] 1160 Accelerometer I Gyroscope

[0202] 1170 Environmental sensor

[0203] 1180 Light and noise level sensor

[0204] 1200 Connection port

[0205] 1300 On / Off switch

[0206] 1400 Push Button

[0207] 1500 Push- button connection

[0208] 1550 Adhesive electrode

[0209] 1600 Electrode

[0210] 1700 Electrode holder

[0211] 1800 Smartphone

[0212] 1900 BLE connection

[0213] 2000 System

[0214] 2200 ECG-based heart rate monitor

[0215] 2400 "Smart Ring" for skin conductance measurement

[0216] 2600 "Smart Ring" for photoplethysmographic SPO2 and HR measurement

Claims

Claims1. An EEG device, wherein the EEG device comprises:an adhesive electrode, wherein the adhesive electrode is a reference electrode, wherein the reference electrode is configured to be positioned on the mastoid;an electronics housing, wherein the electronics housing is configured to be connected to the adhesive electrode via a built-in push-button contact or magnet;an ear-electrode assembly, wherein the ear-electrode assembly comprises at least one electrode, wherein the at least one electrode is configured to be positioned on the frontal or temporal dermal region, or in the ear canal, wherein the at least one electrode is configured to acquire at least one bio-signal, wherein the at least one bio-signal comprises an EEG signal;and a bracket, wherein the bracket is configured as an insulating bracket; wherein the EEG device comprises at least one channel, wherein the at least one channel is recorded according to at least one electrode pair wherein the at least one electrode pair comprises the adhesive electrode and one electrode comprised in the ear-electrode assembly,wherein the EEG device is configured to detect at least one seizure according to at least one bio-signal.

2. The EEG device according to the preceding claim, wherein the EEG device comprises at least two channels, wherein the first channel is recorded according to at least one electrode pair wherein the at least one electrode pair comprises the adhesive electrode and at least one electrode of at least one electrode configured to be inserted in the ear canal or configured to be positioned in front of the ear, and wherein the second channel is recorded according to at least one electrode pair wherein the at least one electrode pair comprises the adhesive electrode and one electrode configured to be positioned on the temple and / or on the forehead.

3. The EEG device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the electronics housing and the ear-electrode assembly are connected via an insulated wire, wherein the bracket comprises the insulated wire, wherein the insulated wire and / or the bracket comprises conductive coating, wherein the conductive coating is configured as an RLD electrode.

4. The EEG device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the bracket and / or the insulated wire essentially has an S-shape.

5. The EEG device according to any of the preceding claims wherein the EEG device comprises an interface module, wherein the interface module comprises at least one sensor and / or at least one actuator.

6. The EEG device according to any of the preceding claims with the features of claim 5, wherein the EEG device is configured to acquire at least one signal acquired by the at least one sensor.

7. The EEG device according to any of the preceding claims with the features of claim 5, wherein the EEG device is configured to output at least one signal to the at least one actuator to generate at least one signal and acquire at least one biosignal generated in response to at least one signal emitted by the at least one actuator.

8. The EEG device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the electronics housing comprises a microcontroller wherein the microcontroller is configured to analyze at least one bio-signal in real-time.

9. The EEG device according to any of the preceding claims wherein the EEG device is configured to detect at least one surrogate EEG marker associated with epilepsy and / or its associated conditions.

10. The EEG device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the electronics housing comprises at least one push-button, wherein the at least one push-button is configured to register at least one event marker when pushed.

11. A system wherein the system comprises at least one EEG device according to any for the preceding claims, wherein the system is a body sensor network, wherein the system is configured to acquire at least one bio-signal detected by at least one external sensor wherein the system is configured to synchronize at least two biosignals detected by at least one EEG device and / or at least one external sensor.

12. The system according to claim 11 wherein the system is a body sensor network, wherein the body sensor network comprises sensors wherein the sensors are located in a star topology with respect to a human subject.

13. The system according to any of claims 11-12, wherein the system comprises at least one processing component, wherein the at least one processing component is comprised in the at least one EEG device and / or in a system external to the atleast one EEG device, wherein the at least one processing component is configured to synchronize and / or analyze at least two bio signals.

14. A method for measuring electrical activity in the brain of a mammal wherein the method comprises utilizing the EEG device according to any of claims 1-10, wherein the method comprises measuring at least one biosignal wherein the at least one biosignal is measured from at least one electrode wherein the at least one electrode is positioned according to the positioning of at least one electrode comprised in the EEG device according to any of claims 1-10.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the method comprises detecting seizures related to epilepsy and / or in its associated conditions, detecting psychogenic and / or dissociative seizures, and / or detecting syncopes16. The method according to any of claims 14-15, wherein the method comprises differentiating between seizures related to epilepsy and / or syncope's its associated conditions, psychogenic and / or dissociative seizures, and syncopes.

17. Use of the EEG device and / or system according to any of the preceding claims, for differentiating between seizures related to epilepsy and / or syncope's its associated conditions, psychogenic and / or dissociative seizures, and syncopes.

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